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l]n] _]hebe_]n o]peob]_pkne]iajpa h] _qajp] l ^he_] `a aoa iqje_e) lek* Hqack ] ]`e mqa h] `aq`] l ^he_] `a =nian ] nkj`] hko .5 iehhkjao `a laoko( hk mqa eilhe_] qj lnk^hai] l]n] h] afa_q_e j `a k^n]* Hqack( ah lnaoe`ajpa `a h] ?kie) oe j `a D]_eaj`] i]jebaop mqa ] pn]r o `ah ]_qan`k `a hko ieai) ^nko `a p]h ejop]j_e] haceoh]per]( oa ]_kn` aop]^ha_an qj _]haj`]nek l]n] ah ]j heoeo `a h]o jqara _qaj) p]o iqje_el]hao naop]jpao u h] mqa _knnaolkj`a ]h ck^eanjk aop]p]h* @a ao] i]jan]( dku ] l]npen `a h]o 1 `a h] p]n`a( oan j ]j]hev]`]o h]o _qajp]o `a hko iqje_eleko `a ?ki]h]( ?kmqei]ph j u ?khei]7 ieajpn]o mqa ah reanjao oan j nareo]) `]o h]o `a ?q]qdp ik_( Etph]dq]_ j u I]jv]jehhk( l]n] _kj_hqen ah hqjao ln teik _kj Iej]peph j( Pa_ki j u Rehh] `a ãhr]nav* Aj `e_dk _]haj`]nek jk oa aola_e) be_]( lank Neck^anpk O]h]v]n i]jebaop mqa iqu lnk^]^haiajpa h] _qajp] l ^he_] `ah ck^eanjk aop]p]h oan nareo]`] ah ln teik i]npao* Bej]hiajpa( ah haceoh]`kn atlnao mqa aop]o naqjekjao oa na]hev]j _kj ah jeik `a ]_h]n]n pk`]o h]o `q`]o mqa lq`ean]j oqncen aj pknjk ] h]o _qajp]o l ^he_]o `a hko -, ]uqjp]ieajpko u ah ck^eanjk aop]p]h* .&
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ao`a h]o lneian]o dkn]o `a h] i] ]j]( aj ah ?kilhafk `a Oacqne`]` L ^he_] `a Rehh] `a ãhr]nav( -., lkhe_ ]o `a h] _knlk) n]_e j iqje_el]h rehh]hr]najoa oa i]jebaop]nkj l]n] atecen qj ej_na) iajpk o]h]ne]h `ah 2 lkn _eajpk( aj hqc]n `ah 0 lkn _eajpk mqa na_e^eankj( ]`ai o `ah l]ck `a h] lnei] lkn hko mqejmqajeko( hk mqa `af ] aopa iqje_elek oej receh]j_e] lkhe_e]_]( ]h iajko lkn dkn] u ia`e]* N]i j Ckjv hav =cq]uk( aj jki^na `a pk`] h] lkhe_ ] `a h] _knlkn]_e j iqje_el]h `a Rehh] `a ãhr]nav( ]oacqn mqa namqeanaj Îah ]qiajpk o]h]ne]h ]h 2 lkn _eaj) pk( lknmqa okh]iajpa jko `eankj ah 0 lkn _eajpk `a ]qiajpk( u ah l]ck `a hko mqejmqajekoÏ( hk _q]h `a ]_qan`k ] hk mqa ej`e_] ah `a) _napk `a pn]^]f]`knao ]h oanre_ek l ^he_k( `a^a l]c noahao* Ah lkhe_ ]rehh]hr]najoa iaj_ekj mqa Îjqj_] oa jko d] l]c]`k h] lnei] `a hko mqejmqajeko( daiko aop]`k le`eaj`k u le`eaj`k( lank j]`] jko `]j( jko `]j ]pkha _kj ah `a`k( jko o]_]j h] rqahp]( ]dkn] r]iko ] d]_an qj pn iepa lkn h] r ] hac]hÏ* Atlnao mqa Îej`alaj`eajpa) iajpa `a mqa u] rejk h] lnaoe`ajp] iqje_el]h( jk oa naokhre j]`]( ahh] mqa` `a rajen aopa fqarao ] h]o ,46,, dkn]o( ] h] dkn] `a h] heop]( _kj ah
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aolq o `a na_e^en h]o lape) _ekjao `ah _qanlk lkhe_e]_k rehh]hr]najoa( >naj`] Cqpe ) nnav Rac]( lnaoe`ajp] iqje_el]h `a Rehh] `a ãhr]nav( ]oacqn mqa oacqen aj _kiqje_]_e j _kj ahhko( `a^e`k ] mqa mqeana Îlkhe_ ]o ^eaj lnal]n]`ko( ^eaj _]l]_ep]`ko( lkn aok hko _qnoko mqa d]j paje`k pk`k ah ] k( aok hao d] `]`k h] klknpqje`]` `a mqa iafknaj oq cn]`k( mqa ]o iafknaj oq o]h]nek( mqa r]u]j ao_]h]j`k lkoe_ekjaoÏ*
?kjoe`an mqa hko lkhe_ ]o jk okj hko je_ko aj `ao]_qan`k( Îd]u ej_kjbknie`]` lknmqa Új]hiajpa hko _eq`]`]jko le`aj qj _qanlk lkhe_e]_k ^eaj lnal]n]`k( `a _]he`]`( l]n] mqa oa] qj] _eq`]` oacqn]( mqa `eoiejqu]j hko nk^ko( u mqa `eoiejqu]j h]o rekh]_ekjao ] hko `ana_dko dqi]jko( mqa okj ^]o) p]jpa ]hpkoÏ( aopk _kj nabanaj_e] ] mqa hko lkhe_ ]o `a H] Rehh] okj hko mqa i o na_e^aj mqaf]o lkn l]npa `a h] ?kieoe j Aop]p]h `a hko @ana_dko Dqi]jko* ÎJqaopn] bqj_e j ao hkcn]n _an) peÚ_]n ] aopko lkhe_ ]o( _kj _qnoko( lank p]i^e j iafkn]n oqo oqah`ko( oqo lnaop]_ekjao( u k^re]iajpa aop]iko aj h] iafkn `eolkoe_e j `a ]nnach]njko _kj ahhkoÏ( `efk h] ]h_]h`ao]*
paoknank( _kj ah kÚ_e]h i]ukn( _kj oqo bqj_ekj]neko( l]n] mqa fqjpk _kj ahhko ra]iko aopa lqjpk* Oe i] ]j] jk oa naoqahra j]`]( r]iko ] oacqen `]j`k pn iepa ] aop] atecaj_e]Ï* Aj ah _]ok `a hko .5 ahaiajpko mqa jk l]o]nkj h] lnqa^] `ah lkh cn]bk( h] hh]i]`] lnqa^] `a _kjÚ]jv]( Î]h) cqjko i]jebaop]nkj mqa lkn mq jk oa hao `]^] h] klknpqje`]` `a rkhran ] d]_an aopa at]iaj( mqa ahhko oeajpaj mqa jk ao qj at]iaj oacqnk* Ahh] `e_a( _kj ]hck `a n]v j( mqa aok jk `alaj`a `a ahh]( ao lkn h] Hau J]_ekj]h `a Oacqne`]` L ^he_]( lank hk mqa o pajaiko `ana_dk `a atecen hk mqa jko _kj_a`a h] hauÏ* Oej ai^]nck( j]`] `a aopk ao at) _qo] l]n] oqo lape_ekjao h]^kn]hao( u Îaj _]ok `a mqa jk d]u] qj ]nnachk aopa ` ] fqarao( r]iko ] lnaoajp]n) jko ]jpa h]o ejop]j_e] hac]hao( mqa oan ] ah Pne^qj]h `a hk ?kjpaj_ekok =`iejeopn]perk( l]n] `]nha pn iepa ] hk mqa h] hau `e_aÏ* @a da_dk( Îah l]nk h]^kn]h aop _kjpailh]`k( oan ] qj] `a h]o hpe) i]o ejop]j_e]o( lank oe jk mqa`] `a kpn]( oan ] ]_q]npah]njko( p]h _kik hk i]n_] h] _kjopepq_e j( hhac]iko ] l]o]n heop] u ]mq r]iko ] aop]n ]_q]npah]`ko( oej d]_an receh]j_e]Ï( `efk Ckjv hav =cq]uk* Aj ah _qanlk lkhe_e]_k d]u r]ne]o ej_kjbknie`]`ao* Rk_ao ]j jei]o `a aop] _knlkn]_e j ]oacqn]nkj ] aopa ia`ek( mqa h] lnaoe`ajp] >naj`] Cqpe nnav Îjqj_] d]^ ] raje`k l]n] ]_ ( ao h] lneian] rav mqa h] raiko( o rejk aj _]il] ] ] la`enjko ah rkpk u jko `efk mqa h]o _ko]o e^]j ] iafkn]n l]n] jkokpnkoÏ* =cnac]nkj mqa Î_kj ah LNE( jko `]^]j `ko qjebkniao _]`] oaeo iaoao( ]dkn] j]`]( jk iafkn]j h]o l]pnqhh]o( _]oe jejcqj] oenra* =`ai o( de_eankj ajpnac] `a jqar]o ]ni]o Ìao_q]) `n]o u ]ni]o h]nc]o >anapp])( u jk jko pk_]nkj ] iq_dko `a jkokpnko( p]ilk_k jko pk_]nkj hko _d]ha_ko ]jpe^]h]o mqa ]jqj_e]nkjÏ* R]ha `a_en mqa hko ahaiajpko lkhe_e]_ko lqoeankj _kik lnqa^] `a aop]o ]oaran]_ekjao oqo `ao_k) hkne`ko qjebkniao( oqo nar hranao `aoc]op]`ko u jejcqjk ikopn pajan qj _d]ha_k ]jpe^]h]o* .&
=kj_ hh[p L[]W Z[YbWh gk[ fh_c[he Z[X[d c[`ehWh [d iki WYh[Z_jWY_ed[i Atlhe_ mqa Îd]u qj] dkik) hkc]_e j `a ej_naiajpko oac j ah cn]`k( mqa okj eilknp]jpao( u aopko ^ajaÚ_eko hko peajaj( Új]h) iajpa hko paj`n j( ]`ai o `a mqa oa _]i^e]n j h]o fknj]`]o ] -. lkn .0( u] mqa ]dkn] peajaj qj pqnjk `a .0 lkn .0( u aok hao kbna_an iafknao klknpqje`]`ao ] ahhko( u mqa h] cajpa oal] mqa peaja lkhe_ ]o iafkn lnal]n]`koÏ*
Aj _q]jpk ] o]h]neko( Îaj aopa ikiajpk na_e^aj lk_k i o `a 2 ieh laoko iajoq]hiajpa( lank _kj ah ej_naiajpk na_e^en j lk_k i o `a 3 ieh laoko( u ah pan_ank( ah oacqj`k u ah lneiank( c]j]n j .1( 1, u 31 lkn _eajpk i o mqa aopa o]h]nek* D]u r]neko mqa jk ]_na`e) p]nkj at iajao( u `a^an ]j d]_an) hk( lknmqa d]u qjko mqa jk aop j ]_na`ep]`koÏ( ]oacqn *
Ok^na h] atecaj_e] `ah ]qiajpk `a qj 2 lkn _eajpk( `efk mqa Îaj aopa ikiajpk okh]iajpa hko oej`e_]hev]`ko na_e^eankj aopa ]qiajpk( _kj ^]oa ] hk mqa hao _kj_a`e ah Ck^eanjk `ah Aop]`k( lank aopa 0 lkn _eajpk o hk hk na) _e^eankj hko lkhe_ ]o u hko ]cajpao `a re]he`]`( jk hk na_e^eankj je hko `a _kjpn]pk( je hko bqj_ekj]neko( j]`ea i oÏ* P]i^e j iaj_ekj ( Îhao da) iko la`e`k _qe`]`k aj ah i]jafk `a h]o l]pnqhh]o( mqa _qe`aj oqo qjebkniao( oqo dann]ieajp]o `a pn]^]fk( lknmqa ]dkn] jk d]u _q]pnk l]pnqhh]o* D]u qj] ejola__e j `ah pn]^]fk mqa d]) _aj( `a hk mqa na]hev]j( mqa ao ^]op]jpa _kilhe_]`]( lknmqa okj -., ahaiajpkoÏ* Bej]hiajpa( `ao_]np mqa aopa arajpk d]u] oe`k qj] i]jebaop]) _e j( Îjk hk bqa( lknmqa ahhko ] h]o k_dk `a h] i] ]j] pk`ko hko ` ]o oa na jaj hko lkhe_ ]o( u daiko aop]`k oeailna aj _kjp]_pk _kj ahhko( jk _nak mqa d]u] b]hp] `a _kiqje_]_e j( lank aj aopa _]ok okh]iajpa bqa h] lape_e j `a aopa ]qiajpkÏ* .&
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h lnaoe`ajpa `a h] ?kieoe j `a @ana_dko Dqi]jko `ah ?kjcnaok `ah Aop]`k( O]hr]) `kn Bqajpao La`nkv]( oa naqjen _kj hko pn]^]f]`knao `a h] nac]oeÚ_]`kn] mqa oa aj_qajpn]j ej_kjbkniao _kj ah pn]pk `a oqo l]pnkjao( lank ]`ai o qnce ]h ck^eanjk aop]p]h l]n] mqa pkia ia`e`]o* @qn]jpa hko ` ]o na_eajpao( qj] _ajpaj] `a pn]^]f]`knao mqa oa `a`e_]j ] hko pn]^]fko `a okh`]`qn] aj h] a`eÚ_]_e j `a h] nac]oeÚ_]`kn] `a I]jv]jehhk( oa mqaf]nkj lkn i]hko pn]pko `a h]o ]qpkne`]`ao `a h] ailnao] GOI( `a knecaj _kna]jk( mqeajao ]`ai o hko okiapao ] dqiehh]_ekjao* =h naola_pk( O]hr]`kn Bqajpao lna_eo mqa aopa fqarao ]_q`en ] h] _eq`]` `a I]jv]jehhk( _kj
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h] Új]he`]` `a naqjenoa _kj hko pn]^]f]`knao ej_kjbkniao( Î_kj h] Új]he`]` `a _kjk_an oq lnk^ha) i pe_] `a rer] rkv u kbna_anhao h] ]oaokn ] mqa _knnaolkj`a ] aopko _]okoÏ* =Úni mqa h] ?kieoe j `a @ana) _dko Dqi]jko `ah Lk`an Haceoh]perk aop l]n] rah]n lkn h]o c]n]jp ]o ej`ere`q]hao `a hko _eq`]`]jko( ]lku]j`k ] h]o ejop]j_e]o mqa peajaj ao] k^hec]_e j aj lneian p niejk( Îi o pn]p j`koa `a qj _]ok `a pn]^]f]`knaoÏ( `efk* Ecq]hiajpa( O]hr]`kn Bqajpao na]hev qj atdknpk ]h ck^eanjk aop]p]h( _kj h] bej]he`]` `a mqa aj hk oq_aoerk u _q]j`k oa]j he_ep]`]o h]o k^n]o l ^he_]o( oa befaj _eanp]o nach]o l]n] ah i]) jafk `ah lanokj]h( Îlknmqa na) oqhp] h]iajp]^ha mqa hqack oa cajanaj lnk^hai pe_]o _kj hko pn]^]f]`knaoÏ* =uan ieoik( ah `elqp]`k O]h) r]`kn Bqajpao La`nkv] oa naqje _kj h] oq^`ena_pkn] `a Rej_qh]_e j Ok_e]h u ?]l]_ep]_e j `ah Lnkcn]) i] _kjpn] h] Pn]p] `a Lanokj]o( I]ne j Ckjv hav `ah ?]opehhk( u ah
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aolq o `a `ko ` ]o `a paj) oe j aj h] vkj] `kj`a oa _kjopnqua h] Nac]oebe_]`kn]( ]uan pk`k rkhre ] h] jkni]he`]`* Ah i]npao lkn h] jk_da( hko -,, okh`]`knao( h] ailnao] _kna]j] mqa hko _kjpn]p u h] ?kieoe j Ba`an]h `a Aha_pne_e`]` $?BA% hha) c]nkj ] qj ]_qan`k mqa arep qj l]nk `a h]^knao lkn l]npa `a hko ailha]`ko* H] r olan]( oa ejbkni mqa pn]^]f]`knao `ajqj_e]nkj i]) h]o _kj`e_ekjao o]h]ne]hao u pn]pko dqiehh]jpao lkn l]npa `a qj] `a h]o -1 ailnao]o mqa aop j _kjo) pnquaj`k h] Lh]jp] `a C]o J]pqn]h He_q]`k* @aolq o `a r]ne]o dkn]o `a jack_e]_e j( hko ej_kjbkniao `a) _e`eankj nacnao]n ] oqo h]^knao( ]
_]i^ek `ah _kilnkieok lkn l]npa `a hko ailnao]neko l]n] iafkn]n h]o _kj`e_ekjao h]^kn]hao `a oqo ailha]`ko( ]`ai o `a arep]n h]o dqiehh]_ekjao* Ah `ahac]`k `a h] Oa_nap]ne] `ah Pn]^]fk( Fko @]jeah Nk`n cqav Da) nnan]( `efk mqa aop]n j laj`eajpao `a mqa oa _qilh]j _kj pk`ko hko lqj) pko mqa oa ]_kn`]nkj aj h] iao] `a jack_e]_ekjao( u oa _kilnkiape ] rah]n lkn hko `ana_dko h]^kn]hao `a hko ailha]`ko* Lkn oq l]npa ah Oa_nap]nek `a Bk) iajpk A_kj ie_k $Oabkia%( N]b]ah Cqpe nnav Rehh]hk^ko( oa _kjcn]pqh `a h] `apaniej]_e j mqa oa pki u ]beni mqa ah _nkjkcn]i] `a _kjopnq_) _e j `a aopa lnkua_pk jk d] oqbne`k r]ne]_ekjao* =oeieoik( na_kn` mqa hko `ko ` ]o aj hko mqa aopqrk ah _kjÛe_pk _kj hko okh`]`knao( ah naopk `a hko ailha]`ko oecqeankj _kj oqo pn]^]fko jkni]hao7 Îah lnk^hai] an] j]`] i o _kj qj] ailnao] u hko ailha]`ko mqa paj ] _kjpn]p]`ko( ah naopk `a h]o ailnao]o h]^kn]nkj oej lnk^hai]o( lkn aok jk oa l]n h] _kjopnq__e jÏ( _kj_hqu ah bqj_ekj]nek aop]p]h* .&
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h oa_nap]nek `a A`q_]_e j( Ba`ane_k N]jcah Hkv]jk( okhe_ep ] h] Oa_nap]n ] `a A`q_]_e j L ^he_] $OAL% amqe`]` lnaoqlqaop]ne] l]n] pk`ko hko iqje_eleko( `a^e`k ] mqa d]op] ah ikiajpk j]`] i o c]n]jpev na_qnoko a_kj ie_ko l]n] iafkn]n .1 lh]jpahao a`q_]perko `a Rehh] `a ãhr]nav* =uan aj qj] nqa`] `a lnajo]( ]_kil] ]`k lkn hko h `anao `a h]o oa__ekjao 2 u 5 `ah OJPA( Fao o Rehh]jqar] u Cqehhanik N]jcah7 ah oa_nap]nek `a a`q_]_e j _kheiajoa( i]jebaop mqa ] pn]r o `a hko ia`eko `a _kiqje_]_e j oa ajpan `a mqa ah nalnaoajp]jpa `a h] OAL ba`an]h( =` j >h]j_k ?]ilko( ]jqj_e mqa ah iqje_elek `a Rehh] `a ãhr]nav paj`n -2 iehhkjao `a laoko l]n] nal]n]n .1 lh]jpahao a`q_]perko* Aj aopa oajpe`k( _kjÚ aj mqa h] OAL ajr a -1, iehhkjao `a la) oko l]n] ]lku]n ]h ah naopk `a hko iqje_eleko Îaoa ikjpk `a `ejank oa o]_] ] l]npen `a hko -2 iehhkjao `a laoko mqa ajre]nkj ] Rehh] `a ãhr]nav u _kj aoa `ejank oa aop]) n ]j na]hev]j`k iafkn]o aj .1,
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h nalnaoajp]jpa `a h] Na` J]_ekj]h `a @aik_n]_e] u Oatq]he`]` $@aiuoat% aj ah aop]`k( I]n_k =jpkjek L nav C]ol]n( ]oacqn mqa aj ah aop]`k o oa d]u o]_an`kpao mqa d]j _kiape`k ah `ahepk `a la`an]ope] u d]j i]jpaje`k qj] re`] oatq]h ]_per] _kj lanokj]o `ah ieoik oatk k iqfanao7 _h necko mqa o hk d]j oe`k _]i^e]`ko `a pailhk
lkn ah K^eol]`k `a h] @e _aoeo `a ?khei]* Oej _ep]n hko jki^nao `a hko o]_an`kpao _kheiajoao mqa d]j ej_qnne`k aj aopa `ahepk( i]jebaop mqa h] la`an]ope] ao qj lnk^hai] mqa `ao`a d]_a ` _]`]o ajbnajp] h] echaoe] _]p he_] _kheiajoa( lank mqa hko bahecnaoao jk oa d]j ]pnare`k ] `ajqj_e]n l ^he_]iajpa* Atlqok mqa Îd]u l]`nao mqa peajaj nah]_ekjao oatq]hao jk o hk
_kj iqfanao oejk $p]i^e j% _kj dki^nao u h] echaoe] aj ?khei] d] mqane`k iejeiev]n aopko _]oko ]h ecq]h mqa hko `a la`an]ope]Ï* Oa ]h mqa hko l]`nao mqa d]j _kiape`k ah `ahepk `a la`an]ope] k i]jpaje`k nah]_ekjao oatq]hao _kj lanokj]o `ah ieoik oatk( d]j oe`k _]i^e]`ko `a hko pailhko aj `kj`a kÚ_e]^]j ieo]o* ÎHko `a ?k) hei] hko i]j`]j ] I]jv]jehhk k F]heo_k l]n] ]_]hh]n h]o rk_ao mqa
lh]jpahao a`q_]perko( ao `a_en h] _q]np] l]npa `a h]o ao_qah]o mqa ateopaj aj h] ajpe`]`* =oeieoik( aj h] nqa`] `a lnajo]( ah bqj_ekj]nek aop]p]h( _kjÚni mqa oa ajpan `a h] caope j `a na) _qnoko l]n] ah iqje_elek `a Rehh] `a ãhr]nav( ] pn]r o `a hko ia`eko `a _kiqje_]_e j( _q]j`k h] =he]jv] lkn h] A`q_]_e j aop]^ha_a mqa pk`]o h]o ]__ekjao `a^aj `a na]hev]noa `a i]jan] _kkn`ej]`]* Ba`ane_k N]jcah Hkv]jk naÚne mqa hko pn]^]fko `a nal]n]_e j aj h]o ao_qah]o( `a^aj d]_anoa _kj ah Ejopepqpk ?kheiajoa `a Ejbn]aopnq_) pqn] B oe_] A`q_]per] $Ej_keba`%( lkn aj`a( h]iajp mqa jejcqj] ]qpkne`]` a`q_]per] aop]p]h oa d]u] ajpan]`k `a mqa Rehh] `a ãhr]nav paj ] -2 ie) hhkjao `a laoko ]oacqn]`ko* ÎD]^h]iko _kj ah i]aopnk =` j >h]j_k ?]ilko $nalnaoajp]jpa `a h] OAL aj ?khei]% l]n] d]_anha ah _k) iajp]nek `a h] eilknp]j_e] `a pajan qj] _kkn`ej]_e j `a^e`] u ha `efeiko mqa pajaiko ^qaj] nah]_e j _kj ah Oa_nap]nek `a A`q_]_e j j]_ekj]h( =hbkjok Hqf]i^ekÏ( naÚne * Na_kn`aiko mqa h] r olan]( =` j >h]j_k ?]ilko( nalnaoajp]jpa `a h] OAL u h] lnaoe`ajp] iqje_el]h `a Rehh] `a ãhr]nav( >naj`] Cqpe nnav Rac]7 ]jqj_e]nkj mqa .1 ao_qah]o rehh]hr]najoao na_e^en j ]lkuko `a d]op] 2,, ieh laoko _]`] qj] _kik l]npa `a aj qj lnkcn]i] ba`an]h l]n] iafkn]n h] ejbn]aopnq_pqn] a`q_]per]* .&
_kjk_aj `a aoko da_dkoÏ( ]cnac * Na_kn` mqa qj o]_an`kpa bqa ckh) la]`k lkn Iecqah ãjcah =i]nk ÎAh ?d]_]hÏ( ej`ere`qk mqa ]oaoej ] r]ne]o lanokj]o aj ?khei]* L nav C]ol]n _nepe_ h] `abajo] mqa devk ah k^eolk Fko Hqeo =iav_q] Iahckv] `ah l]`na =q` j Oann]pko( mqeaj bqa ]_qo]`k `a _kiapan ah `ahepk `a ]^qok oatq]h ] qj] fkraj `a -1 ] ko aj Aop]`ko Qje`ko* ÎH]) iajp]iko mqa ah k^eolk `a_h]n mqa an] qj] iqfan u qj] ]_pepq` i]_deop]( aop]iko aj _kjpn] `a _ ik na^]f] h] echaoe] ] hko `ana) _dko `a h]o iqfanaoÏ* Ej`e_ mqa ]dkn] h] echaoe] _]) p he_] aop le`eaj`k lan` j* ÎHko o]_an`kpao okj naolkjo]^hao `a oq oehaj_ek u ao_h]rko `a oqo l]) h]^n]oÏ*.D
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Kh][ _d\hW[ijhkYjkhW Z[fehj_lW [d ckd_Y_f_ei H] @elqp]`] Ba`an]h( Uq) hajju ?knp o Ha j( ejpacn]jpa `a h] ?kieoe j `a Fqrajpq` u @alknpa `ah ?kjcnaok `a h] Qje j( ]jqj_e mqa ah lh]vk `a h] ajpnac] `a `k_q) iajpko l]n] k^pajan hko na_qnoko ]lnk^]`ko aj i]pane] `a Ejbn]) aopnq_pqn] Iqje_el]h @alknper] aiepe`] lkn h] ?kieoe j J]_ekj]h `ah @alknpa $?kj]`a%( aop] ln tei] ] _ann]n( pajeaj`k _kik ba_d] heiepa ah /, `a ]^neh* Aopa lnaoqlqaopk jk `a^a oan `ao]lnkra_d]`k lkn hko ]uqjp]ieajpko( `efk( lqao ah ikjpk `aopej]`k aj ah Lnaoqlqaopk `a Acnaoko `a h] Ba`an]_e j .,-, l]n] k^n]o `alknper]o d] ]qiajp]`k _]oe qj /,!*
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]n] ]lku]n ] h]o lanokj]o `a ao_]oko na_qnoko( u iafkn]n h]o _kj`e_ekjao ]i^eajp]hao `a ]hcqjko lk^h]`ko u aopanko( h] Oai]nj]p `aopej]n -, iehhkjao `a laoko l]n] ah lnkcn]i] `a ailhak pailkn]h* Hk ]jpanekn hk ejbkni ah `a) hac]`k `a aop] `alaj`aj_e] N] h =nna`kj`k J]r]( mqeaj atlhe_ mqa aopa lnkcn]i] d] _kjp]`k _kj ^qajko naoqhp]`ko( `a^e`k ] mqa hko na_qnoko a_kj ie_ko oa `aopej]j ] lnkua_pko ]i^eajp]hao mqa okj eilqho]`ko lkn hko lnkleko d]^ep]jpao `a h] vkj]* I]jebaop mqa ah ?dql]`ank( ah ] k l]o]`k bkni l]npa `a aopa lnkcn]i]( lkn hk p]jpk hko d]^e) p]jpao `a aoa hqc]n oa `a`e_]nkj ] _kjopnqen qj ai^]n_]`ank u aj h]o ln tei]o oai]j]o( aop]n j `]j`k ] _kjk_an h] _kjokhe`]_e j `a h] _kklan]per] laomqan]* ÎAh lnkcn]i] `a ailhak pai) lkn]h ao ^aj rkhk( lknmqa hko d]^e) p]jpao `a qj hqc]n( `ao]nnkhh]j qj lnkua_pk mqa hao laniep] iafkn]n
oqo _kj`e_ekjao `a re`] u oa hao l]c]n lkn aok* Ao qj oqah`k oacqnkÏ( oajpaj_e * Ah `ahac]`k `a h] Oai]nj]p ej`e_ mqa( l]n] aopa ] k hkcn]nkj mqa h] `alaj`aj_e] ] jerah j]_ekj]h ]qpkne) v]n] qj lnaoqlqaopk `a -, iehhkjao `a laoko( l]n] `aopej]noa je_]iajpa ]h lnkcn]i] `a ailhak pailkn]h( ]qjmqa d]op] ah ikiajpk( je_]) iajpa ha d]j hhac]`k ] h] `ahac]_e j hko lneianko 1 iehhkjao `a laoko* = qj] lnacqjp]( ah bqj_ekj]nek ba`an]h nabene mqa u] oa aop pn]^]f]j`k aj ah nao_]pa `a qj aopank mqa oa _kjk_a _kik Lkpnank Cn]j`a( q^e_]`k aj ah iqje_elek `a I]jv]jehhk Îao qj aopank ]^]j`kj]`k( peaja iq_dk pqha( henek( ao `a_en iq_d] i]pane] ejr]okn] u h] _kiqje`]` u] aop o]_]j`k ah henek u ah pqha l]n] naop]^ha_an aopa r]ok h]cqj]nÏ( oajpaj_e * Qj] rav mqa oa nao_]pa aoa ao) pank( oa `eoa ]n qj lnkua_pk mqa laniep] eilqho]n ah pqneoik `a j]pqn]hav]* =oeieoik( ah `ahac]`k N] h =nna`kj`k J]r] nabene mqa aj ?ki]h]( oa aop j na]hev]j`k lnao]o behpn]jpao ] ^]oa `a c]) rekjao l]n] napajan ah ]nn]opna `a oqahk aj hko ]nnkuko( ]`ai o oajpaj_e mqa aj Fqhq]l]j oa aop `eoa ]j`k ah lnkcn]i] `a _]lpqn] `a ]cq] lhqre]h( l]n] pk`ko ]mqahhko mqa jk peajaj ]__aok ] aopa h mqe`k* .&
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qack `a d]^an `aÚje`k -/ na]o `a r]hkn ]i^eajp]h `a ?khei]( vkj]o aj `kj`a oa `ao]nnkhh]n j h]o ]__ekjao `a i]j) pajeieajpk u iafkn] l]n] _kjpejq]n _kj oq _kjoanr]_e j( ah ?kiep l]n] ah Nao_]pa `a ãna]o `a R]hkn =i^eajp]h r] ] napen]n u lk`]n 3 n^khao mqa oa aj_qajpn]j ok^na h] ?]hv]`] C]hr j( lkn _kjoe`an]n mqa nalnaoajp]j qj neaock l]n] hko pn]joa jpao u ]qpkikreheop]o mqa _en_qh]j lkn aop] ]npane]* Hk ]jpanekn bqa ejbkni]`k lkn hko ejpacn]jpao `a aopa _kiep ( ah nace`kn `ah ]uqjp]ieajpk `a ?khei]( ãjcah @qa ]o( ah `ena_pkn `a @ao]nnkhhk Qn^]jk( A_khkc ] u Rereaj`]( Fao o N ko =cqeh]n u h] nalnaoajp]jpa cajan]h `a h] ]cnq) l]_e j _ereh =iecko `a ?khei]( =vq_aj] H lav Hacknnap]* Oa ]h]nkj mqa ajpna h]o vkj]o mqa aopa _kiep `aÚje _kj r]hkn ]i^eajp]h( okj6 h] _]hv]`] C]hr j( hko l]nmqao nacekj]h iapnklkhep]jk ÎCneoah`] ãhr]navÏ( Ah Nk`ak( H]o Dqanp]o `ah ?qn] u Iecqah De`]hck(
Ah _annk `a H] ?qi^na( ah n k ?khei]( hko ]nnkuko Lanaun]( I]jnemqa u Ah F]vi j( ]o _kik hko _]iejko ra_ej]hao( ah ?annk Cn]j`a u ah Rkh_ j `a ?khei]* =oeieoik( i]jebaop]nkj mqa jk k^op]jpa mqa ah ?annk Cn]j`a u ah Rkh_ j `a ?khei] jk oa aj) _qajpn]j aj ah iqje_elek( peajaj qj eilknp]jpa r]hkn ]i^eajp]h l]n] aop] hk_]he`]`( lknmqa aj aop]o ikj) p] ]o oa _]lp] ah ]cq] _kj h] _q]h oa ]^]opa_a ] hko _kheiajoao* I o ]`ah]jpa( atlqoeankj mqa `a ]_qan`k ] h] r]hkn]_e j `a h]o _kj`e_ekjao `ah ]n^kh]`k `a h] _]h) v]`] C]hr j( oa `apaniej mqa hko n^khao ] napen]n oan j qj o]q_a u qj] cnarehh]( mqa peajaj qj ]hpk cn]`k `a `ao_kilkoe_e j7 qj p]^]_d j mqa aop dqa_k u qj] c]ha]j] mqa lnaoajp] `] ko aj oq pnkj_k* =`ai o oa r]j napen]n n]i]o iqanp]o `a qj n^kh `a h] aola) _ea lnei]ran] u oa r] ] na`q_en h] ]hpqn] `a qj o]^ejk* Ej`e_]nkj mqa `a ]_qan`k ] h] racap]_e j `a h] _]hv]`] C]hr j( aop] vkj] oa r] ] nabknaop]n _kj o]^ejko*.D
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Pn]o h] naokhq_eÂ&#x201C;j `a h] ?knpa( ]uan aj lqjpk `a h]o 2 `a h] p]n`a Panao] CkjvÂ&#x192;hav u =h^anp] =h_Â&#x192;jp]n] o]heankj `ah ?ajpnk `a Na]`]lp]_eÂ&#x201C;j Ok_e]h O]j FkoÂ&#x160; Ah =hpk( ao_khp]`]o lkn oqo ]^kc]`ko u lanokj]h `ah ?ajpnk `a @ana_dko Dqi]jko =cqopÂ&#x17D;j Lnk* CkjvÂ&#x192;hav( ]p]re]`] _kj qj] rao) peiajp] aj _khkn ^h]j_k( ]h_]jvÂ&#x201C; ] `a_en6 Ă&#x17D;Aop]iko iqu _kjpajp]o lknmqa ]h Ă&#x161;j oa devk fqope_e]Ă?* Oq `abajo]( aj_]^av]`] lkn =j`nÂ&#x160;o @Â&#x17D;]v( oaÂ&#x2019;]hÂ&#x201C; mqa ateopaj pk`ko hko ahaiajpko l]n] okhe_ep]n nal]n]_eÂ&#x201C;j `ah `]Â&#x2019;k lnkrk_]`k pn]o d]^an lani]ja_e`k pk`k aopa peailk aj_]n_ah]`]o* Ă&#x17D;Aop]iko _kjbkniao( d]^nÂ&#x17D;] mqa ran h] oajpaj_e]( ok^na pk`k _kj mqa aileav] qj lneian _]iejk `a fqope_e]( lank aoa ao ah lneian l]okĂ?( oaÂ&#x2019;]hÂ&#x201C;* Panao] u =h^anp] l]o]nkj h]o lneian]o dkn]o aj he^anp]` _kj oq b]iehe] aj ah >]nnek RE( aj O]jpe]ck IatmqepephÂ&#x192;j( u ]_q`enÂ&#x192;j aopa fqa) rao ] h] >]oehe_] `a Cq]`]hqla l]n] ]cn]`a_an lkn oq he^an]_eÂ&#x201C;j* .D
`alknp]n ] hko defko `a ej`k_qiaj) p]`ko fqjpk _kj oqo l]`naoĂ?* Aj ah ieoik _kjpatpk( qj] haceo) h]`kn] nalq^he_]j] `a Pat]o ]jqj_eÂ&#x201C; mqa lh]ja] ejpnk`q_en aj h] lnÂ&#x201C;tei] oaoeÂ&#x201C;j haceoh]per] qj] eje_e]per] `a hau ]jpeejiecn]jpa oeieh]n ] h] na_eÂ&#x160;j lnkiqhc]`] aj =nevkj]* Ă&#x17D;H] lnekne`]` `a qj bqj_ekj]nek aha_pk ao mqa h] oacqne`]` `a hko pat]jko aopÂ&#x192; ^eaj aop]^ha_e`]Ă?( `efk h] nalnaoajp]jpa $`elqp]`]% aop]p]h nalq^he_]j]( @a^^ea Ne``ha* Ă&#x17D;Oe jqaopnk ck^eanjk ba`an]h de_ean] oq pn]^]fk( ajpkj_ao =nevkj] jk ja_a) oep]nÂ&#x17D;] d]^an pki]`k aop] ]__eÂ&#x201C;j( je p]ilk_k Pat]oĂ?( ej`e_Â&#x201C; u ]Â&#x2019;]`eÂ&#x201C; mqa ejpnk`q_enÂ&#x192; qj] eje_e]per] oeieh]n ] h] `a =nevkj] _q]j`k h] haceoh]pqn] oa naÂ&#x2DC;j] aj oaoeÂ&#x201C;j aj ajank lnÂ&#x201C;teik* Oej ai^]nck( h] oaj]`kn] aop]p]h `aiÂ&#x201C;_n]p] Hape_e] R]j `a Lqppa _kj) oe`anÂ&#x201C; h] hau aj =nevkj] _kik qj] ia`e`] Ă&#x17D;atpnai]`]iajpa `]Â&#x2019;ej] u k`eko]Ă?( u ]oacqnÂ&#x201C; mqa hko ejpajpko `a eiep]nh] aj Pat]o jk l]o]nÂ&#x192;j u `]Â&#x2019;]nÂ&#x192;j ]h L]npe`k Nalq^he_]jk aj _]ok `a mqa lnapaj`] d]_anhk* Fei D]nnejcpkj( `ah Lnkua_pk `a @ana_dko ?erehao `a Pat]o( lnkjkope_Â&#x201C; Ă&#x17D;_ankĂ? lkoe^ehe`]`ao `a mqa qj] eje_e]) per] _kik h] `a =nevkj] oa] ]lnk^]`] lkn h] haceoh]pqn] aop]p]h* .D
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?DJ;D9?ED;I O H;JĂ&#x2022;H?97 Qj] _]n]_panÂ&#x17D;ope_] `ah ck^eanjk `a ?]h`anÂ&#x201C;j ao h] b]hp] `a pn]jol]naj) _e] aj `a_eoekjao* H] _na]_eÂ&#x201C;j `ah KLI= ao qj afailhk* Ao _h]nk mqa peaja lkn k^fapk cajan]n _kjpaje`ko u mqa lnapaj`a ejop]h]n u klan]n aop]_ekjao `a n]`ek u pr* Hk mqa jk `e_a ah `a_napk ao l]n] mqÂ&#x160; oa _na] aj na]he`]`( iÂ&#x192;o ]hhÂ&#x192; `a h] napÂ&#x201C;ne_] mqa aj_eann]j bn]oao _kik Ă&#x17D;_k]`uqr]n ]h bknp]ha_eieajpk `a h] l]npe_el]) _eÂ&#x201C;j `aik_nÂ&#x192;pe_]Ă? k Ă&#x17D;bknp]ha_an h] qje`]` j]_ekj]h u h] ejpacn]_eÂ&#x201C;j ok_e]h `a h]o iejknÂ&#x17D;]oĂ?* U _kik jk d]u _h]ne`]`( h]o oqole_]_e]o ]_an_] `a h]o ejpaj_ekjao cq^anj]iajp]hao ]h _na]n ah KLI= r]j aj ]qiajpk*
9K;IJ?ED7C?;DJEI Hko _qaopekj]ieajpko okj `eranoko6 -% mqa oa mqeana _na]n qj Ă&#x17D;oqlania) `ekĂ? cq^anj]iajp]h _kj Ă&#x161;jao `a lnkl]c]j`] ]jpa h] _an_]jÂ&#x17D;] `a .,-.7 .% mqa ] pn]rÂ&#x160;o `ah ajpa( Ck^anj]) _eÂ&#x201C;j _kjpnkh]nÂ&#x192; hko _kjpaje`ko `ah EIAN( N]`ek A`q_]_eÂ&#x201C;j( ?]j]h -- u ?]j]h ..7 /% mqa oe ]^okn^ean] aopko ia`eko( ah Â&#x201C;nc]jk rekh]nÂ&#x17D;] h] Hau `a h] =`iejeopn]_eÂ&#x201C;j LÂ&#x2DC;^he_] Ba`an]h mqa ej`e_] mqa h] Ă&#x17D;oa_pknev]_eÂ&#x201C;jĂ? `a hko ia`eko aop]p]hao _knnaolkj`a ] h] OAL7 0% mqa h] _na]_eÂ&#x201C;j `ah KLI= ej_qnna aj ehac]he`]` lknmqa l]n] lkjanhk ] bqj_ekj]n h] OAL u Ck^an) j]_eÂ&#x201C;j `a^anÂ&#x192;j `aopej]n l]npa `a oqo na_qnoko( u jk aopÂ&#x192; lnareopk aj ah Lnaoqlqaopk `a Acnaoko `a .,-,*
Âş:K;yE :; B7I I;y7B;IÂť P]i^eÂ&#x160;j oa _kiajp]( oej mqa oa] ja_ao]ne]iajpa qj _qaopekj]ieajpk( mqa h] _na]_eÂ&#x201C;j `ah KLI= aop]nÂ&#x17D;] rej_qh]`] _kj h]o l]h]^n]o lnk) jqj_e]`]o lkn Bahela ?]h`anÂ&#x201C;j ah .3 `a i]nvk `a .,,5( `qn]jpa h] _aha^n]_eÂ&#x201C;j `a hko _ej_qajp] ]Â&#x2019;ko `ah ?]j]h --( _q]j`k `ek ejopnq__ek) jao ] oqo oq^kn`ej]`ko l]n] mqa h] _k^anpqn] `a ao] pahareokn] bqan] ]ilhe]`]( u aj qj h]loqo `efk mqa6 Ă&#x17D;Rku ] ]lnkra_d]n mqa aopÂ&#x192;j ]mqÂ&#x17D;
]hcqjko `a ieo _kh]^kn]`knao( ah oa_nap]nek `a Ck^anj]_eÂ&#x201C;j( mqa ao ah `qaÂ&#x2019;k `a h]o oaÂ&#x2019;]hao( ]d jk( ah `a ?kiqje_]_ekjao u Pn]jolknpao( u] jk oÂ&#x160; _q]h( lank ]hcqjk `a hko `ko k h] Oa_nap]nÂ&#x17D;] `a A`q_]_eÂ&#x201C;j LÂ&#x2DC;^he_]7 hao rku ] la`en( hao rku ] ejopnqen l]n] mqa oa lkjc]j `a ]_qan`k u ] ran ] mqÂ&#x160; lea`n] oa oq^aj( lank mqa( kf]hÂ&#x192;( ?]j]h Kj_a lqa`] ranoa aj pk`k ah pannepknek j]_ekj]h _kj qj] oaÂ&#x2019;]h ]^eanp]* OÂ&#x160; mqa pki]nÂ&#x192; peailk u( lkn oqlqaopk( d]^nÂ&#x192; mqa ran aj h]o lnkle]o bna_qaj_e]o `eolkje^hao `ah ck^eanjk ba`an]h7 aj Ă&#x161;j( ]hck oa hao r] ] k_qnnenĂ&#x2026;Ă?* =l]najpaiajpa( hk mqa oa hao k_qnneÂ&#x201C; bqa _na]n ah KLI=*
:;I9EDE9?:E Ah -5 `a ]^neh ]jqj_e]nkj h] `aoec) j]_eÂ&#x201C;j `a =haf]j`nk Kn`kÂ&#x2019;k LÂ&#x160;nav _kik `ena_pkn `ah knc]jeoik* Ah jki^n]ieajpk p]i^eÂ&#x160;j bqa _qao) pekj]`k lknmqa oq pn]^]fk iÂ&#x192;o na) _eajpa bqa aj ah ?eoaj( ajpe`]` mqa( ejarep]^haiajpa( d]_a lajo]n aj aolekj]fa cq^anj]iajp]h* P]i^eÂ&#x160;j pn]^]fÂ&#x201C; aj ?kiqje_]_eÂ&#x201C;j Ok_e]h `a h] Lnaoe`aj_e]( aj peailko `a Bkt( u aj NP?( ah Â&#x192;na] `a Ck^anj]_eÂ&#x201C;j ] _quk _]nck aopÂ&#x192; h] receh]j_e] `a _kjpaje`ko aj ia`eko ]q`ekreoq]hao* Ah `ena_pkn jk d] o]he`k ] h] hqv
lÂ&#x2DC;^he_] l]n] atlhe_]n ah aop]`k aj mqa oa aj_qajpn] oq caopeÂ&#x201C;j ]h bnajpa `ah KLI=* U] ao peailk `a mqa hk d]c] a ejbknia _kj `ap]hha _Â&#x201C;ik r] ] bqj_ekj]n* D]op] ]dkn] oqo fabao( CÂ&#x201C;iav Ikjp aj h] ?Â&#x192;i]n] `a @e) lqp]`ko u ah oq^oa_nap]nek DÂ&#x160;_pkn Rehh]nna]h aj nqa`] `a lnajo]( `eankj h] _]n] l]n] pn]p]n `a atlhe_]n hk mqa oanÂ&#x192; ah KLI=* U d]u mqa `a_enhk6 jk `af]nkj _h]n]o h]o _ko]o* D]^nÂ&#x192; mqa oacqen _kj ]paj_eÂ&#x201C;j ah `ao]nnkhhk `a aopa jqark ajpa( lkn) mqa aba_per]iajpa lqa`a _kjranpenoa aj ah Ă&#x17D;oqlania`ekĂ? cq^anj]iajp]h mqa ]hcqjko paiaj( lank p]i^eÂ&#x160;j( oe h]o _nÂ&#x17D;pe_]o u h] lnaoeÂ&#x201C;j ]nna_e]j( aj qj knc]jeoik ejklan]jpa u `a re`] _knp]* =oÂ&#x17D; `a Ă&#x17D;ahÂ&#x192;ope_kĂ? ao oq `a_napk `a _na]_eÂ&#x201C;j u ]oÂ&#x17D; `a ej_kjoeopajpa h] lkhÂ&#x17D;pe_] ba`an]h ok^na hko ia`eko*
C?9HEED:70 H7:?E ;:K979?Ă&#x2022;D <C Ah `ena_pkn `a N]`ek A`q_]_eÂ&#x201C;j( =jpkjek Pajknek IqÂ&#x2019;kv( ]jqj_eÂ&#x201C; mqa h] aieokn] paj`nÂ&#x192; qj] bna_qaj_e] `a BI* OanÂ&#x192; Ă&#x17D;atlaneiajp]hĂ?( oaÂ&#x2019;]hÂ&#x201C;( u aop]nÂ&#x192; q^e_]`] _kik bna_qaj_e] Ă&#x17D;ejpania`e]Ă? ajpna `ko aieokn]o aj klan]_eÂ&#x201C;j `af]j`k qj aol]_ek `a 0,, gdv u jk 4,,( _kik ej`e_] h] rapqop] jkni] pÂ&#x160;_je_] recajpa aj IÂ&#x160;te_k* Kf]hÂ&#x192; l]oa lnkjpk lkn h] b]oa Ă&#x17D;atlaneiajp]hĂ? u ajpna ] h] `a bqj_ekj]ieajpk aop]^ha* Oe h] _na]_eÂ&#x201C;j `ah KLI= laniepa h] na_kjranoeÂ&#x201C;j pa_jkhÂ&#x201C;ce_] `a aieokn]o _kik N]`ek A`q_]_eÂ&#x201C;j( ^eajraje`k( oeailna u _q]j`k ao] iafknÂ&#x17D;] pÂ&#x160;_je_] u `a _k^anpqn] jk oa] l]n] lkpaj_e]n h] lnkl]c]j`] `ah ck^eanjk* .D
<[b_f[ 7h_pc[dZ_ h[_j[hW gk[ [ij| cWb [b Yedj[d_Ze i[nkWb Z[ bW I;F CÂ&#x192;n_Ye3<l^\e`X A`dÂ&#x201E;e\q
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j] ^qaj] a`q_]_eÂ&#x201C;j oatq]h `a^a _eiajp]noa ]h iajko aj qj] ikn]h j]pqn]h( mqa eilhe_] naolapk ] lanokj]o( hqc]nao u peailko( ]oÂ&#x17D; _kik qj] `eo_elhej] ok^na oÂ&#x17D; ieoik( _kjpnkh `a aik) _ekjao u oajpeieajpko* Oej aopk( oa lqa`a hhac]n ] oan ao_h]rk `a h] lnkle] oatq]he`]` u( aj ]hcqjko _]oko( qj `acajan]`k oatq]h* Aop] ikn]h jk ao `kci]peoik nahecekok( oejk i]`qnav dqi]j]( ]Ă&#x161;niÂ&#x201C; ah k^eolk Bahela =neviaj`e* H]iajpÂ&#x201C; mqa Ă&#x17D;oa d]u]j oqo_ep]) `k _kiajp]neko iqu ]cnaoerko u ^qnhao_ko( `ao_]heĂ&#x161;_]_ekjao `a pk`k pelk u d]op] ejoqhpko hÂ&#x160;lankoĂ? lkn h] nqa`] `a lnajo] aj h] mqa `efk mqa Ă&#x17D;aopa la_]`k u `ahepk jk ao at_hqoerk `ah _hank( oejk lnk^hai] ok_e]h( u mqa ah ankpeoik at]_an^]`k mqa aopÂ&#x192; aj pk`]o l]npao lqa`a d]_an iÂ&#x192;o `ebÂ&#x17D;_eh h] reraj_e] `ah _ahe^]pk u ah naolapk ] hko jeÂ&#x2019;koĂ?* EjoeopeÂ&#x201C; aj mqa `a^a `]noa qj] _kilhap] a`q_]_eÂ&#x201C;j oatq]h( mqa ]uq`a ] bkni]n qj] oatq]he`]` i]) `qn]( oej na`q_enh] ] ejbkni]_eÂ&#x201C;j cajep]h( _kik h] mqa oa eil]npa aj hko he^nko `a patpk kĂ&#x161;_e]hao* . D
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Kd efjec[jh_ijW lebkdjWh_e" WdWb_pW W kdW f[hiedW i_d YeX[hjkhW _kiajpÂ&#x201C; mqa d]^Â&#x17D;] lan`e`k l]npao `a ]i^]o leanj]o `a^e`k ] `e]^apao( ajbania`]` mqa ]dkn] aop]^] _]q) o]j`k aopn]cko aj oq kfk `ana_dk7 ja_aoep] hajpao* Ă&#x17D;Pajck _k^anpqn] lkn ie `e]^apao( rku ] qj] _hÂ&#x17D;je_]( lank jk _q^na at]iaj `a h] reop]Ă?( oaÂ&#x2019;]hÂ&#x201C; ?]nk`eja* =bqan]( aj ah bnÂ&#x17D;k( r]neko _eajpko iÂ&#x192;o `a lanokj]o( ]hcqjko ^]h]j_a]j`k iqhap]o ok^na oqo _]`an]o( aolan]) ^]j l]_eajpaiajpa oq pqnjk l]n] ejcnao]n ] Hko ĂŁjcahao Olknpo =naj]( qj a`eĂ&#x161;_ek ]jpecqk aj ah mqa ]hcq) j] rav fqc]nkj hko H]gano `a h] hec]
lnkbaoekj]h `a ^]hkj_aopk* ?eajpko `a okjneajpao `k_pknao( k`kjpÂ&#x201C;hkcko( ]_qlqjpqneop]o( mqe) nklnÂ&#x192;_pe_ko( klpkiapneop]o u kpnko lnkbaoekj]hao rkhqjp]neko( pk`ko pn]Â&#x17D;) `ko lkn ah cnqlk oej Ă&#x161;jao `a hq_nk Naikpa =na] Ia`e_]h $N=I%( _kj oa`a aj PajaoÂ&#x17D;* Aj ah lneian `Â&#x17D;] `a _hÂ&#x17D;je_]( `a oeapa lnkcn]i]`ko( h] lneian] `]i] `a ?]hebknje] I]nÂ&#x17D;] Odneran u ]hcq) jko bqj_ekj]neko reoep]nkj ah hqc]n7 Odneran _kiajpÂ&#x201C; mqa na_e^eÂ&#x201C; qj] ha__eÂ&#x201C;j `a dqieh`]` lkn ah ]h_]j_a `ah aobqanvk `a rkhqjp]neko* .D
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h _knnak aha_pnÂ&#x201C;je_k mqa h] =nmqe`eÂ&#x201C;_aoeo `a IÂ&#x160;te_k lkj`nÂ&#x192; ] `eolkoe_eÂ&#x201C;j l]n] lnaoajp]n `ajqj_e]o ok^na o]_an`kpao la`an]op] u hko mqa d]u]j nkpk ah rkpk `a _]ope`]` ao oÂ&#x201C;hk qj] ]__eÂ&#x201C;j Ă&#x17D;ia`eÂ&#x192;pe_]Ă? mqa jk _kilnkiapa ] h]o ]qpkne`]`ao a_haoeÂ&#x192;ope_]o ] j]`]( lknmqa ao ]hck eilanokj]h* L]n] `aikopn]n rkhqjp]` `a ]_pq]n oa paj`nÂ&#x17D;] mqa ]^nen ah Pne^qj]h A_ha) oeÂ&#x192;ope_k l]nn] ]dÂ&#x17D; `ajqj_e]n( ]Ă&#x161;niÂ&#x201C; Ahek I]obannan( ejraopec]`kn aj na) hecekjao `a h] Ao_qah] J]_ekj]h `a =jpnklkhkcÂ&#x17D;] a Deopkne] $AJ=D%* FkoÂ&#x160; `a FaoÂ&#x2DC;o =cqeh]n( naolkjo]^ha `a N]`ek u PahareoeÂ&#x201C;j `a h] =nmqe) `eÂ&#x201C;_aoeo( `ek ] _kjk_an mqa d]^nÂ&#x192; qj _knnak aha_pnÂ&#x201C;je_k aj `kj`a oa na_e^enÂ&#x192;j h]o `ajqj_e]o( oej ai^]nck( I]obannan _kjoe`anÂ&#x201C; mqa oanÂ&#x192; ejpana) o]jpa ran d]op] mqÂ&#x160; lqjpk na]hiajpa ah _]n`aj]h Jkn^anpk Neran] oa r] ] _kilnkiapan aj ]lhe_]n h] fqope_e] ] hko la`an]op]o* Aopa lnk_a`eieajpk( `efk( peaj`a ] jk naokhran ah lnk^hai]( oa lqa`a `a_en mqa oÂ&#x201C;hk oa lnapaj`a Ă&#x17D;p]l]n) ha ah kfk ]h i]_dk u oa rqahra ]hck eilanokj]h*** jk oanÂ&#x192; hk ieoik mqa hhac]n ]jpa ah Pne^qj]h A_haoeÂ&#x192;ope_k u `ajqj_e]n( lank jk mqeanaj l]c]n hko _kopko `a `aoecj]n ] qj] lanokj] mqa oa aj_]ncqa u ]peaj`] lanokj]hiajpa ] hko `ajqj_e]jpaoĂ?( ]^qj`Â&#x201C;*
Ă&#x17D;Oe mqeanaj oan oaneko mqa `aj h] `ena__eÂ&#x201C;j `ah Pne^qj]h A_haoeÂ&#x192;ope_k l]n] mqa ]oeop]j h]o lanokj]o( mqa har]jpaj h] `ajqj_e] _]jÂ&#x201C;je_] u ajrÂ&#x17D;aj qj] _kle] l]n] h] ?kjcna) c]_eÂ&#x201C;j `a h] Ba u ha ajpnacqaj kpn] ] hko ]ba_p]`koĂ?( ]cnacÂ&#x201C;* U ]Ă&#x161;niÂ&#x201C; mqa ha `]j qj iafkn pn]pk ] mqeajao mqeanaj ]jqh]n oq i]pneikjek mqa ] h]o lanokj]o mqa hhac]j ] `ajqj_e]n qj ]^qok oatq]h( lknmqa oa peaja mqa d]_an qj lnk_aok ^qnk_nÂ&#x192;pe_k* Ah hh]i]`k `a h]o ]nmqe`eÂ&#x201C;_aoeo `a IÂ&#x160;te_k u `a Lqa^h] `a lneiank lnaoajp]n ]jpa ah Iejeopanek LÂ&#x2DC;^he) _k h] `ajqj_e] `a ]^qok oatq]h u hqack ] h] `eÂ&#x201C;_aoeo Ă&#x17D;ao qj] bkni] `a ahq`en h] naolkjo]^ehe`]` mqa pea) ja h] Echaoe] u `a ahq`en hko fqe_eko _]jÂ&#x201C;je_koĂ?( ej`e_Â&#x201C;* Ă&#x17D;Ah `ahepk `a ]^qok oatq]h aj IÂ&#x160;te_k lnao_ne^a ] hko oaeo iaoao( `aolqÂ&#x160;o oÂ&#x201C;hk hao `e_aj Ă?½hÂ&#x192;opei] I]n) c]nepk Ă&#x2018;( ao qj] bkni] ejpahecajpa `a v]b]noaĂ?( ]^qj`Â&#x201C;* Aj AQ oa lqa`a `ajqj_e]n d]op] -, ]Â&#x2019;ko `aolqÂ&#x160;o `a _qilhen h] i]uknÂ&#x17D;] `a a`]` u ]_alp]j hko lanep]fao oe_khÂ&#x201C;ce_ko* U _kjoe`anÂ&#x201C; ah ]_]`Â&#x160;ie_k `a h] AJ=D mqa h] hau iate_]j] ao k^ok) hap]( lknmqa p]j oÂ&#x201C;hk ah l]l] Fkoald N]pvejcan `ek ejopnq__ekjao `a na_e^en h]o mqaf]o d]op] -, ]Â&#x2019;ko `aolqÂ&#x160;o `ah ]^qok oatq]h* Lkn hk mqa hko k^eolko iate_]jko oa ]nnkl]j _kj h] haceo) h]_eÂ&#x201C;j mqa hao _kjreaja* .D
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Qj] l]npa `a hko -1, _q]`nko `a pk`k ah iqj`k hhac _kj `a) ikn] u k^hec ] hko knc]jev]`knao ] _]j_ah]n h] reoep] `a h] lnajo] lnare] ] h] ej]qcqn]_e j* ÎAop]iko _qilheaj`k hko lh]vko oac j hk lh]ja]`k( lank d]_eaj`k pqnjko atpn] u `a jk_daÏ( atlhe_ ah `e) na_pkn `ah I]npej Cnkleqo( Canakj Oearanje_d* Iq_d]o lejpqn]o `a h] ejÛquajpa ]npeop] oqnna]heop] an]j d]op] ]dkn] `ao_kjk_e`]o u `ko k^n]o eilknp]j) pao d]^ ]j oe`k `]`]o `qn]jpa iq_dk peailk lkn `ao]l]na_e`]o* Lkn lneian] rav oan j atlqaop]o
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EJ=D hkcn]nkj h] na_qlan]_e j `a hko ajpeannko* Ah ]nmqa hkck O]hr]`kn Cqehhai( `ena_pkn `ah lnkua_pk ]nmqakh ce_k( _kiajp mqa l]n] `apaniej]n h] pailkn]he`]` u Úhe]_e j pje_] `a hko ej`ere`qko( `qn]jpa aopa ] k oa _kjpej ] _kj h] b]oa `ah ]j heoeo `a hko naopko oako( hko i]pane]hao ]ok_e]`ko $_an ie_] lnadeol je_] u _khkje]h( bn]ciajpko `a i]`an]( naopko `a patpehao u iap]h% u h]o _]n]_pan ope_]o `ah _kjpatpk iknpqknek* D]op] ah ikiajpk( `efk( oa d] lk`e`k k^oanr]n mqa ah _kilhafk bqjan]nek aop _kilqaopk lkn oaeo jerahao `a ajpeannko( h] i]ukn ]( kneajp]`ko `a Jknpa ] Oqn u `eo) lqaopko `a i]jan] kn`aj]`]* @a^]fk `ah `al oepk `a aomqaha) pko( _kjpejq ( oa `apa_p l]npa `a qj leok `a aopq_k `a i]jqb]_pqn] lnadeol je_]( `ah _q]h oa pki]nkj iqaopn]o l]n] oq ba_d]ieajpk aj h]^kn]pknek* H]o at_]r]_ekjao( ] ]`e ah p]i^e j _kkn`ej]`kn j]_ekj]h `a =nmqakhkc ] `ah EJ=D( d]j ]nnkf]`k cn]j _]jpe`]` `a are`aj_e]o ]n) mqakh ce_]o mqa namqeanaj aopq`ek* Na_kn` mqa ] hk h]nck `a h] atlhk) n]_e j( aj aopa oepek ]nmqakh ce_k oa nao_]p]nkj hko aomqahapko `a -/- ej`ere`qko `a `ebanajpao a`]`ao u `a ]i^ko oatko( ]hcqjko `a hko _q]hao oa aj_kjpn]nkj ]ok_e]`ko ] bn]ciajpko `a i]`an]( lkn hk mqa oa lqa`a ejbanen mqa bqankj ajpann]`ko aj ]p] `ao u ] h] qo]jv] _neope]j]* .D
aj =hai]je] h]o `ko cn]j`ao _kha_) _ekjao `a k^n]o `a G]dhk mqa d]u aj ah iqj`k( h] _kha__e j Khia`k u h] Cahi]j* H] _qn]`kn] Dahc] Lnec) jepv)Lk`] oa ]^k_ ] h] ^ omqa`] `a h]o k^n]o `qn]jpa pnao ] ko Îaj _ i]n]o `a paoknko u p]hhanao `a b]hoeÚ_]`knaoÏ* Ah lnaoe`ajpa `a I te_k( Bahela ?]h`an j( reoep]n ah / `a i]uk h] atlkoe_e j Bne`] G]dhk napnkola_per]* =o hk `ek ] _kjk_an ah iqoak( mqa lkn ao] reoep] _ann]n oqo lqanp]o ]h l ^he_k ] l]npen `a h]o -16,, dkn]o `ah hqjao* H] ej]qcqn]_e j kÚ_e]h `a h] atlkoe_e j( i] ]j] reanjao( oan aj_]^av]`] lkn ah iejeopnk ]hai j `a ?qhpqn]( >anj` Jaqi]jj( u lkn h] oa_nap]ne] iate_]j] `a Nah]_ekjao Atpaneknao( L]pne_e] Aolejko]* .D
28
Jueves 29 de abril de 2010
cine
Gwyneth Paltrow, la fiel ‘Pepper Pots’
Vuelve Man
Con la incursión de estr minado al Oscar, Micke bre de acero prom
El nuevo villano, ‘Ivan Vanko’
M La armadura causará problemas a ‘Tony Stark’
Más aventuras vivirá el célebre héroe
‘Iron Man’
ma frenta a un proble ‘Tony Stark’ se en la de e nt ie io proven importante. El Palad matándolo poco a a está poderosa armadur rá que r el problema tend lve so re ra poco, y pa mo la co do struos del pasa ce enfrentarse a mon ha e pr m sie tema que figura de su padre, or sarcástico que lo m a un lado con el hu n rhéroe contará co pe su El . iza er caract e qu aliados el apoyo de nuevos isterio. m an gr un n envuelve ‘War Machine’, su nuevo aliado
Omar Ramos Ciudad de México q_d]o bqankj h]o ejpa) nnkc]jpao mqa `af h] lneian] ajpnac] `a Enkj I]j aj ah .,,4 ¼Mq l]o]n ] _kj h] lk`anko] ]ni]`qn] `a ÐPkju Op]ngÑ; l k`anko] ]ni]`qn] `a ÐPkju Op]ngÑ; ¼?q h oan ] h] na]__e j `ah ck^eanjk `aolq o `a narah]n oq e`ajpe`]`; ¼Ok) ^nareren ah _]neoi pe_k ailnao]nek ] oq ]nnkc]j_e]; ¼U ah ]_pkn mqa hk ejpanlnap]( d]n oq jqar] re`] _kik oqlanaopnahh]; Pk`]o h]o lnacqjp]o oan j _kjpaop]`]o lneiank aj I te) _k( mqa aj ah naopk `ah iqj`k( aj ah aopnajk `a h] _ejp]( ] na]hev]noa i] ]j]( aj 5,, o]h]o `ah l] o* ÎNarah]n mqa ÐOp]ngÑ ao ÐEnkj I]jÑ devk mqa h] _ejp] bqan] d]_e] qj] `ena_) _e j `ebanajpa ] h]o kpn]o ]`]lp]_ekjao `a _ ie_o leajok mqa bqa qj] okhq_e j iqu nabnao_]jpa( aj hqc]n `a i]jpa) jan oq e`ajpe`]` ]h aopehk `a Ð>]pi]jÑ( hk mqa p]i^e j jko `ek qj oejj iank `a lkoe^ehe`]`ao mqa kpn]o _ejp]o `a oq) land nkao jkni]hiajpa jk peajajÏ( `efk Csujapd L]hpnks( mqeaj nalepa _k) ik h] ej_kj`e_ekj]h ÐLallan LkpoÑ* L]n] Enkj I]j .( ÐPkju Op]ngÑ $Nk^anp @ksjau Fn*% iqaopn] ]h iqj`k hko ^a) jabe_eko `a oq ]ni]`qn]( nah]jv]j`k Op]ng Atlk( qj] atlkoe_e j _na]`] lkn oq b]hha_e`k l]`na l]n] h]o ejjkr]_ek) jao dqi]jep]ne]o ejolen]`]o lkn oq pa_jkhkc ]( ieajpn]o mqa ah ck^ean) jk `a Aop]`ko Qje`ko* ejoeopa aj mqa ÐPkjuÑ ajpnacqa oq ]ni] narkhq_ekj]) ne] ] hko iehep]nao* Lank hko lnk^hai]o l]n] ah lnkp]) ckjeop] jk paniej]j ]d * ÐEr]j R]jgkÑ $Ie_gau Nkqnga%( qj] becqn] ieopaneko] `ah l]o]`k `a h] b]iehe] ÐOp]ngÑ( peaja h] ejpaj_e j `a `aopnqen ] ÐPkjuÑ( nara) h]j`k oq lnkle] ]ni] bqhiej]jpa*
Jueves 29 de abril de 2010
29
FOTOS: CORTESÍA PARAMOUNT
Iron reforzado
rellas como Scarlett Johansson y el noey Rourke, la segunda parte de El hommete un filme cargado de emoción
H] lnaoajp]_e j `ah jqark rehh]jk ejpanlnap]`k lkn Nkqnga( hh]i]`k ÐSdelh]odÑ( ao qjk `a hko lqjpko _h]ra aj h] _ejp]( aj `kj`a oa ejrkhq_n] qj] aola_p]_qh]n na_na]_e j `ah Cn]j` Lnet `a I j]_k u h] `aopnq__e j `a -0 ]qpko `a _]nnan]o* ÎReoep r]ne]o _ n_ahao aj Nqoe] l]n] _kilnaj`an _ ik klan] ah oeopai] _h]j`aopejk `a aopa rehh]jk* P]i^e j ha ok^na ah ]npa `a hko p]pq]fao aj lneoe j u ]lnaj` ah oecjebe_]`k l]npe_qh]n `a _]`] qjk* ÎPn]^]f _kj qj ajpnaj]`kn `a ]_ajpko u `e__e j pnao dkn]o ]h ` ]( oaeo ` ]o ] h] oai]j] l]n] ]lnaj`an ] lnk) jqj_e]n qj l nn]bk aj nqokÏ( `efk Ie_) gau Nkqnga( ok^na oq lanokj]fa* ?kik aj pk`] ^qaj] lah _qh] `a ]_) _e j `aopej]`] ]h ran]jk( hko aba_pko aola_e]hao fqac]j qj l]lah lneikn`e]h aj Enkj I]j .( l]n] Csujapd ah aop]n nk`a]`] `a l]jp]hh]o ran`ao ha na_kn` ] h] atlaneaj_e] i o ^ oe_] aj qj ]_) pkn6 ah pa]pnk* ÎFkj $B]rnaq( `ena_pkn% pn]p `a d]_an pk`k p]j na]h _kik bqan] lkoe^ha( la) nk aj qj] lah _qh] `a ]__e j oeailna d]u ikiajpko aj h] l]jp]hh] ran`a( lknmqa aok hhar] h] _ejp] ] qj oecqeajpa jerah* Ao _kik _q]j`k pn]^]f]o aj qj ao_aj]nek pa]pn]h( h] l]jp]hh] pa k^hec] ] ei]cej]n qj iqj`k ]hna`a`kn `ah pqukÏ( `efk h] ]_pnev( mqeaj pqrk mqa ei]cej]n iq_d]o atlhkoekjao( `eol]) nko u rqahko* =`ai o `ah ]noaj]h `ah dki^na `a deannk( kpnk lqjpk _h]ra aj h] _ejp] ao ah oahhk mqa Nk^anp @ksjau Fn* d] eilna) ok ]h lanokj]fa `a I]nrah ? ie_o* Ah dqikn mqa hkcn iqu ^qaj]o _n pe_]o aj h] lneian] ajpnac] oa nalepa( ]dkn] naol]h`]`k lkn O]i Nk_gsahh aj ah l]lah `a ÐFqopej D]iianÑ( ah aja)
ieck _kian_e]h j iank qjk `a h]o ailnao]o Op]ng* ÎLeajok mqa l]npa `ah ]pn]_perk `a ÐPkju Op]ngÑ ao oq aoaj_e]( qj dki^na `] ]`k u qj] becqn] _kilhe_]`]* Leaj) ok mqa nalnaoajp] ah h]`k ko_qnk `a pk`ko jkokpnko u h] aolan]jv] `a mqa ok^nal]oaiko ] jqaopnko `aikjeko( h ao h] lanokjebe_]_e j `a aokÏ( klej h] ]_pnev( mqeaj peaja qj nkh i o ]_perk aj aop] oacqj`] ajpnac]* Oac j Csujapd L]hpnks( l]n] pk`ko hko ejrkhq_n]`ko aj ah lnkua_pk Enkj I]j( napki]n h]o neaj`]o `a qj te) pk `a p]mqehh] _kik opa bqa oaj_ehhk( u] mqa paj ]j pk`k ah naol]h`k `a h] lneian] _ejp]( _kjk_ ]j oqo lanokj]) fao u d]_e] ` j`a hhac]n ]j* =`ai o( ah ]nne^k `a jqar]o becqn]o( nabnao_ ah lnk_aok `a behi]_e j* ÎPn]^]f]n _kj O_]nhapp bqa caje]h( lkn) mqa ^nej`] qj jqark jerah( aj aola_e]h aj h] nah]_e j `a ÐLallanÑ u ÐPkjuÑ( u] mqa oeailna d]u qj] n]v j l]n] mqa jk aop j fqjpko( u ]dkn] aop] _de_]( mqa ao qj] ^ki^]( d]_a mqa ÐLallanÑ oa o]hc] `a _kjpnkhÏ( atlnao L]hpnks ok) ^na h]o ]_pnev mqa ejpanlnap] ] ÐH] Req`] Jacn]Ñ* =h ecq]h mqa h] lneian] _ejp]( Enkj I]j . oa aj_]iej] d]_e] ah ]i^e_ekok lnkua_pk `a I]nrah( Pda =rajcano( lh]ja]`k l]n] h]jv]noa aj ah .,-.( aj `kj`a ÐDqhgÑ $A`s]n` Jknpkj%( ÐAh _]le) p j =i ne_]Ñ $?dneo Ar]jo%( a ÐEnkj I]jÑ qjen j bqanv]o* L]hpnks jk o]^a oe oan pk) i]`] aj _qajp] l]n] aop] _kj_hqoe j( oej ai^]nck( `e_a mqa d] `eobnqp]) `k _]`] iejqpk `a oq b]_ap] _k) ik dank j] ah _eja*
lossecretos Durante la preproducción, Scarlett Johansson se sometió a un riguroso programa de entrenamiento bajo la supervisión del coordinador de acrobacias, Tommy Harper. El director, Jon Favreau, interpreta el papel de ‘Happy Hogan’, guardaespaldas y chofer de ‘Tony Stark’.
‘War Machine’
Debido al inad ec ‘Tony Stark’, uado comportamiento de su amigo, el co ro Rhodey Rhode s’ se ve oblig nel ‘James medidas drás ad o a tomar tica ‘War Machine s, y gracias a ello veremos ’ en acción. Lo a acero entablar s án vistosas ba personajes de del villano ‘W tallas en cont hiplas ra resentimient h’, quien guarda un gran o por ‘Tony St ar modelo está equipado con k’. Este alguna armas distinta s a la de ‘Iron s Man’.
El rodaje de la cinta comenzó en Pasadena, California, y el equipo tuvo la aprobación del Departamento de Defensa para tener acceso a numerosos aviones, vehículos y otros equipos militares.
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