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`a h] j“iej] u oa ajpnac] ] oqo defko* @efk d]^an _]oko `a mqa hko l]`nao `a b]iehe] nalknp]j qj oqah`k iajkn( l]n] `]n qj `eoie) jqen aj ah lkn_ajp]fa `a oq o]h]nek mqa `a^a `aopej]n l]n] h] lajoe“j ]heiajpe_e]* ?qar]o ?k^eƒj i]jebaop“ mqa ah Fqvc]`k `a L]v lnkiqara h] _kj_e) he]_e“j ajpna h]o l]naf]o( `erkn_e]`]o l]n] mqa oa aba_p˜a ah l]ck `a h]o lajoekjao ]heiajpe_e]o* .&

=^qj`“ mqa okh]iajpa `a ao] i]jan] paj`nƒj h] _]l]_e`]` `a ajbnajp]n hko lnk^hai]o mqa ]mqa) f]j ] h] _kiqje`]` u oq ajpknjk( ĂŽ`a ecq]h bkni] aop]iko ^qo_]j`k h] i]jan] `a ej_ajper]n h] l]npe) _el]_e“j( lank ia`e]jpa ]__ekjao iqu _kj_nap]oĂ?* Ah `enecajpa _kjoe`an“ mqa u] ao ja_ao]nek mqa hko f“rajao l]npe_elaj `a qj] i]jan] iƒo ]_per]( ĂŽlknmqa jk lk`aiko oacqen aolan]j`k mqa oa] ah ck^eanjk( hko lkhÂŽpe_ko k h]o ejopepq_ekjao mqeajao jko naoqahr]j pk`k( ieajpn]o jkokpnko lani]) ja_aiko ej`ebanajpaoĂ?* Na_kn`“ mqa hko f“rajao lqa`aj ajre]n ] h] lƒcej] aha_pn“je_] `a =he]jv] Fkraj lkn h] @aik_n]_e] L]npe_el]per] lnklqaop]o aj i]pa) ne] `a `nkc]`e__e“j( ]h_kdkheoik( p]^]mqeoik( rekhaj_e]( ej`ebanaj_e]( `abknaop]_e“j( b]hp] `a lnk`q_pere) `]`( _neoeo ]i^eajp]h u ajancŠpe_]( _knnql_e“j u `eo_neiej]_e“j*

Atlhe_“ mqa l]n] lnkikran h] l]npe_el]_e“j fqrajeh( nal]npenƒj iƒo `a -,, ieh ĂŽiqaopn]oĂ? `a aoko lnk^hai]o aj pk`k ah l]ÂŽo( ao `a_en afailhko `a _“ik aoko pai]o lqa`aj ]ba_p]n oe jk okj naoqah) pko ] peailk( ĂŽp]i^eŠj mqanaiko `aikopn]n mqa ah lnk^hai] aopƒ aj i]jko `a hko lnkleko f“rajaoĂ?* La`nk Lqajpa nabene“ mqa h]o iafknao lnklqaop]o `a okhq_e“j mqa oa na_e^]j aj h] lƒcej] aha_) pn“je_]( oanƒj qpehev]`]o aj qj ejpan_]i^ek `a e`a]o _kj aola) _e]heop]o( lkhÂŽpe_ko( bqj_ekj]neko l˜^he_ko u nalnaoajp]jpao `a kpn]o knc]jev]_ekjao ok_e]hao* @aop]_“ mqa( `a aoa ejpan) _]i^ek `a klejekjao( o]h`nƒ qj] ]caj`] _kj okhq_ekjao mqa lk`nƒ eilqho]n _q]hmqean _eq`]) `]jk( ĂŽ]`aiƒo mqa hko f“rajao p]i^eŠj `a^anƒj _kilnkia) panoa ] lkjanh]o aj lnƒ_pe_]Ă?( bej]hev“* .&

a h]o -1. iqfanao mqa okhe) _ep]nkj ]lkuk ]h Ejopepqpk ?kheiajoa `a h] Iqfan $E?I%( l]n] ]paj`an h] `erano] lnk^haiƒpe_] mqa hao ]mqaf]( 00 `a ahh]o `ajqj_e]nkj h] kieoe“j `a _qe`]`k `a oqo defko lkn l]npa `a oqo l]`nao k `ai]j`]nkj qj] lajoe“j ]heiajpe_e]( `ajqj_e]o mqa lnk_a`eankj lknmqa oa _kilnk^“ ah da_dk* @a h]o iqfanao ]paj`e`]o `a ajank ] h] lneian] mqej_aj] `a ]^neh( ah E?I ]paj`e“ _q]pnk _]oko `a okola_d] `a pn]p] `a lanokj]o( ]oqjpko aj hko mqa oa lnk_a`e“ ] na]hev]n h] ejraopec]_e“j _knnao) lkj`eajpa( lkn hk mqa oa lq`k _kilnk^]n h] ejateopaj_e] `a aopa `ahepk( u] mqa h]o 0 f“rajao lnk_a`ajpao `a ?de]l]o( oej h] _kil]Â’ÂŽ] `a qj b]iehe]n( d]^ÂŽ]j re]f]`k ] ?khei]* =jpa aop] oepq]_e“j( ah E?I oa _kiqje_“ _kj hko b]iehe]nao `a h]o f“rajao ]h aop]`k `a ?de]l]o u ]hkf“ ] h]o iajknao `a a`]` aj qjk `a hko ]h^ancqao `a ]paj_e“j `a iqfanao( ieajpn]o an]j na_kce`]o lkn oqo b]iehe]o naola_per]o* @a ]_qan`k ] ejbkni]_e“j lnk) lkn_ekj]`] lkn ah ƒna] fqnÂŽ`e_] `ah E?I( ] pn]rŠo `a _kiqje_]_e“j ok_e]h( 14 iqfanao lnkikrea) nkj `erkn_ek( `a hko _q]hao /1 aj h] ik`]he`]` `a ja_ao]nek u ./ rkhqjp]nek* @ah pkp]h `a _]oko `a `erkn_ek rkhqjp]nek( aj ., lnk_a`e“ h] `ajqj) _e] u aj / jk( ieajpn]o mqa aj h] `eokhq_e“j `ah i]pneikjek aj h] ik`]he`]` `a ja_ao]nek( aj -2 oe ha `ek _qnok( aj . jk u aj ah naopk jk oa _ep] ah _qnok mqa pki“ h] mqaf]* Aj ah lanek`k mqa oa ejbkni]( ah E?I na_e^e“ h]o `ai]j`]o `a lajoe“j ]heiajpe_e] `a .4 iqfanao u `a kieoe“j `a _qe`]`k lkn l]npa `a -2 bŠiej]o* Kpn]o -2 `ai]j`]nkj ah na_kjk_eieajpk `a h] l]panje`]` `a oqo defko u / na_qnneankj ] h] `abajo] `ah iajkn* Kj_a iqfanao `ai]j`]nkj haoekjao $lkn l]npa `a oqo l]naf]o k b]iehe]nao%( _q]pnk `efankj oan oqfap]o `a `aole`k ejfqopeĂš_]`k lkn l]npa `a oqo l]pnkjao u kpn]o `ko nalknp]nkj oan rÂŽ_pei]o `a `ahepk `a bn]q`a* Ao `a iaj_ekj]n mqa lanokj]h `ah E?I ]_kil]’“ ] `ko iqfa) nao ] ejpanlkjan `ajqj_e] ]jpa ah iejeopanek l˜^he_k( lank jk _ep] ah ikperk `a ahhk* P]i^eŠj `ek ]oaoknÂŽ] $hac]h% ] h]o mqafko]o* .&

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L ^he_kÏ( 5, oa _kjoecj]j ]jpa ah Fqvc]`k `a hk Laj]h* Oej ai^]nck( ah bqj_ekj]nek aop]p]h atlqok mqa h] i]ukn ] `a h]o lanokj]o mqa okj _kj) oecj]`]o hhac]j ] qj ]_qan`k _kj h] l]npa ]_qo]pkne] u o]haj he^nao( ]qjmqa d]u kpnko _]oko aj mqa oa l]c] qj] be]jv] lknmqa h] kieoe j `a _qe`]`k jk ao qj `ahepk cn]ra* Ah lnk_qn]`kn `a Fqope_e] aj ah aop]`k ej`e_ mqa ] _kjoa_qaj_e] `a h] _neoeo a_kj ie_]( qj -, lkn _eajpk `a hko l]`nao mqa d]j oe`k `ajqj_e]`ko lkn kieoe j `a _qe`]) `k rqahraj ] naej_e`en* =oeieoik( ]cnac mqa hko lnk^hai]o a_kj ) ie_ko mqa ]ba_p]j ] h]o b]iehe]o( d] lnkle_e]`k qj ]qiajpk `ah /, lkn _eajpk aj ah j iank `a aopa pelk `a mqanahh]o =oacqn mqa h] cn]j i]ukn ] `a hko _]oko( _knnaolkj`aj ] mqa) nahh]o ejpanlqaop]o lkn i]`nao `a b]iehe]( mqeajao ]_qo]j ] oqo l]naf]o `a jk d]_anoa _]nck `ah _qe`]`k `a oqo defko( ok^na pk`k aj i]pane] a_kj ie_]*

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aj =nevkj]( ]h `]n _qajp] mqa ah Oaj]`k eilqho]n ia`e`]o aj hko ln teiko 5, ` ]o l]n] _ki^]pen ao] haceoh]_e j* = oq rav( hko oaj]`knao Ahku ?]jp u Hqeo =h^anpk Rehh]nna]h okopqreankj mqa o ao lkoe^ha mqa I te_k ]lhemqa ia`e`]o _kik ^ke_kpo _kian_e]hao d]_e] h]o ailnao]o `a aoa aop]`k( ] j

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_dko dqi]jko( ]o _kik atdknp]n ] qj ^ke_kp _kian_e]h ]h la`en ] hko ck^eanjko ba`an]h u /. aop]p]hao jk _kiln]n ] ailnao]o `a =nevkj] u `enecen h]o ]`mqeoe_ekjao ] kpnko aop]`ko `a h] Qje j =iane_]j]* J]r]nnapa _en_qh h] _]np] ]h Afa) _qperk aop]`qje`ajoa aj h] mqa i]jeÚaop] h] lnak_ql]_e j `a hko haceoh]`knao iate_]jko* .D

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nnen aj ah lanÚh n]_e]h u ] mqa h]o lanokj]o lqa`]j oan _qaopekj]`]o ok^na oq aop]pqo iecn]pknek `a^e`k ]h ]_ajpk _kj mqa d]^h]j* H]o `a_h]n]_ekjao `a ?hejpkj _kjopepquaj qj] `a h]o _n pe_]o i o `qn]o _kjpn] ah aop]pqpk lkn l]npa `a qj ieai^nk `ah c]^ejapa `a h] ]`iejeopn]_e j `ah lnaoe`ajpa >]n]_g K^]i]* H] hau( lnkiqhc]`] ah l]o]`k ./ `a ]^neh lkn h] ck^anj]`kn] `a =nevkj]( F]j >nasan( `a_h]n] _kik `ahepk aop]p]h oan ejiecn]jpa ej`k) _qiajp]`k aj ao] ajpe`]`* =qpknev] p]i^e j ] hko ]cajpao `a lkhe_ ] ] `apajan oej kn`aj `a ]nnaopk lnare] ] _q]hmqean lanokj] mqa _kjoe`ana okola_dko] `a oan ej`k_qiajp]`]( hk mqa d] `aolan) p]`k h] ]paj_e j j]_ekj]h* ÎAop ao_nep] p]j ]ilhe]iajpa mqa oe aop o `a reoep] aj =nevkj] u peajao qj ]_ajpk u anao _eq`]`])

jk `a ie aop]`k `a Jqar] Ukng( lqa`ao oan oqfapk ] aopa pelk `a _qaopekj]ieajpk $ok^na aop]pqo iecn]pknek%( mqa h] hau laniepaÏ( ]oacqn ?hejpkj* @efk mqa h] hau bqa Î_h]n]iajpa naoqhp]`k `a h] bnqopn]_e jÏ aj ao] ajpe`]` ok^na h] `eÚ_qhp]` `a ]oa) cqn]n h] bnkjpan] u bnaj]n ah Ûqfk `a ejiecn]_e j ehac]h* Oej ai^]nck( ej`e_ ( h] ]lhe_]) _e j `a h] hau `a ejiecn]_e j ao _kilapaj_e] `ah ck^eanjk ba`an]h u jk `a hko aop]`ko* =h oan _qaopekj]`] ok^na oe ah jqark aop]pqpk ejrep] ] ej_qnnen aj lanÚh n]_e]h( ?hejpkj `efk6 ÎJk _nak mqa ateop] ]hcqj] `q`] `a aokÏ* Dkn]o ]jpao( ah re_alnaoe`ajpa Fka >e`aj( _nepe_ p]i^e j h] jqar] hau ]jpeejiecn]jpa* >e`aj okopqrk mqa h] jqar] hau Îo hk ej_naiajp] ah paikn( h] okola_d] u h] ejpkhan]j_e]Ï* .D

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]na` Bn]j_eo_k >kncappe A_d]r]nn ]( ah iafkn ]jkp]`kn `a h] oaha__e j iate_]j] aj pk`] oq deopkne] )02 ckhao)( u ah pan_an iafkn ckha]`kn `ah bqp^kh iate_]jk( _kj Ìd]op] ah ikiajpk) .1- ckhao7 peaja iq_d]o _ko]o mqa lnaoqien( lqao oq h]nc] pn]ua_pkne] d] aop]`k hhaj] `a pneqjbko u _aha^n]_ekjao `a ckh( `ao`a mqa oqncean] aj -545 _kj h] lh]uan] nkfejacn]( `kj`a oa c]j ah ikpa `ah Îvknnk `ah `aoeanpkÏ* ?qneko]iajpa( >kncappe `a^qp aj qj ajbnajp]) ieajpk ajpna =ph]o u =i ne_]( `kj`a hko p]l]p ko lan) `eankj lkn /)-7 u `eck _qneko]iajpa( lknmqa ah oacqj`k iafkn ckha]`kn `ah bqp^kh iate_]jk( ?]nhko Danikoe) hhk ).50 ckhao) p]i^e j `a^qp aj qj =ph]o)=i ne_]7 ]qjmqa aj ao] k_]oe j ah `a^qp]jpa ]jkp `ko ckhao( l]n] _kjpne^qen ] h] re_pkne] `a h]o ãcqeh]o( 0)-* Aj oq l]ok lkn =ph]o( oa ikopn _kik qj `ah]jpank fkraj( _kj p]hajpk( mqa hh]i h] ]paj_e j `a O]jpko H]cqj]( ] `kj`a hhac l]n] oqlhen h] ]qoaj_e] `a qj at ckha]`kn o]jpeop]( @]jeah Cqvi j* Jk lk`n ] d]^an iafkn `a^qp aj Pknna j l]n] F]na`* Aj ah Ejreanjk `ah §52( ah lneian Îpknjak _knpkÏ `ah bqp^kh iate_]jk( F]na` _kjpne^qu _kj ah ckh `ah _]ilakj]pk aj qj] ejpajo] bej]h ]jpa ah ^e_]ila j Ja_]t]( mqa `enec ] I]jqah H]lqajpa* =d ( ah oej]) hkajoa j]_e`k aj ?qhe]_]j_epk( u mqa `ao`a fqrajeh hh]i]^] h] ]paj_e j aj ah _q]`nk `a h] Pan_an] @ereoe j `a oq _eq`]` j]p]h( oa _kjrenpe aj `khk* Oq hac]`k aj O]jpko ] j oa na_qan`]* Aj hko k_dk ] ko mqa aopqrk ]d ( hkcn qj l]n `a p pqhko `a ckhak( u qj l]n `a _]ilakj]pko `a hec]* Oq _kjate j _kj h] ]be_e j ao p]h( mqa ah `ah]jpank d] i]jebaop]`k oq `aoak `a napen]noa aj ah _kjfqjpk o]jpeop]( k ]h iajko pajan qj l]npe`k `a `aola`e`] aj Pknna j* @aolq o `a O]jpko( l]o lkn ?qhe]_ j( ] `kj`a nacnao ] _]o] _kik ah Îfqc]`kn bn]jmqe_e]Ï( u `ao) lq o na_]h aj ah L]_dq_]* =qjmqa F]na` d]^ ] ]_q`e`k ]h Iqj`e]h .,,. _kj h] oaha__e j iate_]j]( u d]^ ] da_dk qjk `a hko iafknao ckhao `ah pknjak bnajpa ] Ep]he] aj h] nkj`] `a cnqlko( ah pknjak _kj oaha__e j

mqa ha _]i^e h] re`] bqa h] ?kjba`an]_ekjao .,,1* H] oaha__e j `a Ne_]n`k H] Rkhla ^nehh lkn oq ^qaj bqp^kh( u F]na` lkn oqo ckhao u lkn oqo ikreieajpko aj ah ]p]mqa* @a ]d ( ah >khpkj S]j`anano ha _kjpn]p aj .,,1( oeaj`k ah lneian iate_]jk aj fqc]n l]n] h] Hec] Lnaiean* Bqa `eb _eh h] ]`]lp]_e j* =laj]o ]jkp k_dk ckhao( laoa ] mqa ah oej]hkajoa hk ejpajp ( lqao ej_hqok oq^e i o `a 1 gehko `a i]o] iqo_qh]n( l]n] lk`an _kilapen aj qj] hec] i o bqanpa mqa h] iate_]j]* Ah Iqj`e]h `a =hai]je] .,,2 l]na_ ] oq pknjak* Ah dki^na ckh `a h] an] H] Rkhla( )F]na` ao( p]i^e j( ah oacqj`k i teik ]jkp]`kn `a oaha__ekjao aj aheie) j]pkne]o iqj`e]heop]o( _kj ./ ckhao( `apn o `ah en]j =he @]ae)( oa ajbnajp ] qj] haoe j aj ah `a^qp `a ao] ?kl] `ah Iqj`k( bnajpa ] En j* Jk lq`k fqc]n je ]jpa =jckh]( `kj`a b]hp oq _]l]_e`]` `a `abeje_e j( je ]jpa Lknpqc]h* Nacnao l]n] fqc]n ejbehpn]`k ]jpa =ncajpej]( lank jk lq`k ]jkp]n* @aolq o `a ao] ?kl] `ah Iqj`k( ah ckha]`kn oej]) hkajoa l]o lkn ah =h)Epped]` `a =n]^e] O]q` ( `kj`a oq b]iehe] jk h] l]o _ ik`]( `a^e`k ] h]o `ebanaj_e]o _qhpqn]hao* Nacnao ]h bqp^kh iate_]jk ] qj amqelk `a hko hh]i]`ko Îcn]j`aoÏ6 ah ?nqv =vqh* H]o haoekjao rkhreankj ] ]mqaf]nhk( u bqa raj`e`k ]h Ikjpannau( `kj`a aop]^] Ne_]n`k H] Rkhla* P]ilk_k bqj_ekj ( u bqa raj`e`k ] ?der]o( l]n] nabknv]n ] hko nkfe^h]j_ko( nqi^k ] h] ?kl] He^anp]) `knao* Jk oa o]^a oe lkn ]hcqj] i]h`e_e j `aner]`] `a oq knecaj nkfejacnk( aj ?der]o ao ah je_k amqelk `kj`a jk lq`k d]_an je qj okhk ckh* Lkn aj`a( l]o ]h Lqa^h]( `kj`a rkhre ] pk_]n na`( l]n] lkn bej na_]h]n aj ah Ikj]n_]o Iknahe]( l]n] aj h] hpei] fknj]`] `a aopa >e_ajpaj]nek .,-, hhac]n ] hko .1, ckhao( _kj hko mqa oqlan ]h at fqc]`kn `ah Pkhq_]( Fko O]pqnjejk ?]n`kvk( _kik ah pan_an iafkn ]jkp]`kn `ah ^]hkile j]_ekj]h* Aopa bej `a oai]j]( ]jkp qj ckh aj h] re_pkne] `a h] e`] `a hko _q]npko `a bej]h( ]jpa ?der]o( _kj hk mqa oqi .1- ckhao( u lqok ah 0)- `a rajp]f] l]n_e]h l]n] hko lqn la_d]o* Oq ckh( lkn _eanpk( bqa `a _]^av]( nai]pa aj ah mqa d] oe`k _kjoe`an]`k qjk `a hko iafknao `ah iqj`k* .&

$PMJNB Ah fqav `a L]v aj H] Rehh] _kjoe`an mqa 3 `a _]`] -, dki^nao mqa oa oal]n]j `a oqo b]iehe]o( jk l]c]j lajoe j ]heiaj) pe_e] rkhqjp]ne]( lkn hk mqa aj iq_dko `a hko _]oko okj `ai]j`]`ko lkn kie) oe j `a _qe`]`k lkn r ] _ereh k b]iehe]n*

/BDJPOBM Ah lnaoe`ajpa Bahela ?]h`an j hh]i ] hko iate_]jko ] ]^opajanoa `a re]f]n ] =nevkj]( aj lnkpaop] _kjpn] h] hau O> -,3,( lknmqa oqo `eolkoe) _ekjao rqhjan]j hko `ana_dko dq) i]jko `a _q]hmqean lanokj]*

/FHPDJPT H] ?kbapah oa aj_qajpn] `eo_qpeaj`k hko oq^oe`eko ] h]o p]neb]o `a ejpan_k) jate j aj h]o na`ao( p]jpk bef]o _kik i rehao( ]oacqn N]b]ah `ah Rehh]n( _kieoekj]`k `a aopa knc]jeoik*

'SPOUFSBT Ah lnaoe`ajpa `a Aop]`ko Qje`ko( >]n]_g K^]i]( ]`renpe ok^na qj Î`ao]opna oej lna_a`ajpaoÏ pn]o ah `ann]ia `a lapn ) hak mqa ]r]jv] d]_e] h]o _kop]o `ah aop]) `k `a Hqeoe]j]( ]`kj`a ah i]j`]p]nek hhac ]uan aj ia`ek `a hko aobqanvko*

5FOEFODJBT Iqfanao mqa `a_e`eankj _kjo]cn]n oq re`] ] hko Hacekj]neko `a ?neopk( reraj okiape`]o aj hko _ajpnko `a h] _kjcnac]) _e j aj qj] ao_h]repq` rkhqjp]ne]( l]n] k^pajan `a ahh]o( na_qnoko u rk_]_ekjao*

$VMUVSB Aj aopko peailko p]j iavmqejko( ]d aop h] lkao ] `a lea bnajpa ] h] iqanpaÏ( d] `e_dk ah lkap] ]ncajpejk Fq]j Cahi]j mqeaj ao _kjoe`an]`k qjk `a hko iafknao lkap]o rerko `a E^ank]i ne_]( _qilha dku 4, ] ko*

-B "GJDJuO Hko Hknko `a h] Qjeranoe`]` `a ?khei] u] _kjbeni]nkj oq ner]h l]n] h]o oaie) bej]hao `ah Pknjak >e_ajpaj]nek .,-,( `a h] Hec] Lnaiean `a =o_ajok `ah bqp^kh `a h] Oacqj`] @ereoe j Lnkbaoekj]h6 h]o ?der]o N]u]`]o `ah Cq]`]h]f]n]*

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