K\Zfd}e :<;? f]i\Z\ Xgfpf gfi XZkfj [\ m`fc\eZ`X cXYfiXc# ] j`ZX p j\olXc X kiXYXaX[fiXj [\c iXeZ_f ÈCX GXcd`kXÉ g% 0 9[fWl_
L_bbW Z[ ÎblWh[p
?cfWhj[d Ykhiei ieXh[ l_eb[dY_W Wb C_d_ij[h_e F Xb_Ye f|]$ /
7bjW l[beY_ZWZ" cej_le Z[ WYY_Z[dj[i f|]$ '&
Bei l_i_jWdj[i iWb[d l_lei [d [b Yec_[dpe Z[ bWi i[c_Å dWb[i
D@C<E@F
8zF ,# EèD<IF (,'* +$&& *) GÝ>@E8J
:FC@D8 AL<M<J (* ;< D8PF ;< )'('
mmm$c_b[d_eYeb_cW$Yec$cn f[h_eZ_iceYedYWh|Yj[h
Feh de [ijWh Y[hj_Å YWZWi" kdW \Wc_b_W Z[ l_l[h_ijWi h[]_ijhWh| f hZ_ZWi feh Z[ijhkYY_ d Z[ '& c_b fbWdjWi
Fh_c[h [ijhW]e Z[b º:hW] d WcWh_bbe» FheZkYjeh[i Z[ FbWdjWi Z[ EhdWje ied W\[YjWZei feh bei h_]kheiei Yedjheb[i Å jeiWd_jWh_ei BWc[djW 9WXh[hW I_blW \WbjW Z[ YeehZ_dWY_ d Z[b j_jkbWh Z[ I[Z[h" gk_[d [ij| [d 8hWi_b ff$ ,#J7F?HE
I[] d ?dij_jkje C[n_YWde fWhW bW 9ecf[j_j_l_ZWZ
9eb_cW [i [b j[hY[h bk]Wh Yed c[dei YehhkfY_ d ;d @kij_Y_W1 _cfWhY_Wb_ZWZ Z[ `k[Y[i WokZ 0 IJ@; f$ .
;b WiWbje W bW hWp d :Xicfj DXi e
Bkp o <k[hpW Z[ bW ?Z[W @kY^[
ºBe]hei Z[b =eX_[hde <[Z[hWb [d 9eb_cW»$ H[fh[i[djWdj[i Z[ bWi
Z_\[h[dj[i Z[b[]WY_ed[i cedjWhed kdW [nfei_Y_ d [d bW YWf_jWb$ f|]$ ''
:khWd]e" fh_c[he Yed feb_Y W d_YW 7Yk[hZe Yed =eX[hdWY_ d WhhWdYW [d bW YWf_jWb" = c[p FWbWY_e o B[hZe f$'*
Fehgk[ ºYkWdZe i[ kj_b_pW bW YWbkcd_W fWhW Wfebe]_pWh bWi _b[]Wb_ZWZ[i Z[ bW WYjkWb WZc_# d_ijhWY_ d i[ j[dZh W feh Z[X[h ^WY[h bW Z[X_ZW WYbWhWY_ d W bW ef_d_ d f Xb_YW»" [b Z_fkjWZe HWc d @_c d[p B f[p kde Z[ bei WXW`eÅ hcWdj[i Z[ kdW f[j_# Y_ d W bW 9ehj[ Y_jWZe Wo[h Wgk [i]h_c[ bW B[o ieXh[ :[b_jei Z[ ?cfh[djW fWhW [iXepWh kdW [if[Y_[ Z[ b[YY_ d Z[ :[h[Y^e± YkWjhe l[Y[i cWoeh Z[ be gk[ YWX[ [d [ij[ [ifWY_e$ ;d ik YWhjW ieij_[d[" i_d [cXWh]e" gk[ i[ Z[X[d º^WY[h
W kd bWZe bei h_]eh_icei o j[Yd_Y_icei» ¬b[]Wb[i $ 7f[bWdZe W bW Z[Y[dY_W Z[b Wkjeh Z[ [ijWi b d[Wi" YedYbko[ Yed gk[ ºbe c[dei gk[ fk[Ze [if[hWh Z[ kij[Z [i kdW Z_iYkbfW f Xb_YW»" [ _dl_jW W kd Z[XWj[ ºZ[ \edZe» fehgk[ ik WYbWhWY_ d ºi be [i Z[ \ehcW»$ 9kWdZe gk_[hW" Z_fkjWZe" fbWj_YWcei$ Feh be fhedje" c[ Z_iYkb# fe Z[ de ^WX[h _d\ehcWZe gk[ kij[Z ^WijW [d fWf[b c[cXh[jWZe o jeZW bW YeiW ^edhW [b (&'&" f[he de Yece [b W e Z[b 9[dj[dWh_e o Z[b 8_Y[dj[dWh_e c[n_YWdei" i_de Z[ bW ?Z[W @kY^[ [b \hWYWiWZe i_ij[cW Å bei Å Ye [ _Z[eb ]_Ye Z[b Z ifejW Yeh[Wde" oW eYY_ie" A_c ?b Ikd]± $
YcWh_d6c_b[d_e$Yec
>eo [iYh_X[d JXdl\c >XiZ X F|]$) ? Zkfi 8^l`cXi :Xd e# AX`if :Xc`okf 8cYXii}e# :`if > d\q C\pmX# AfXhl e C g\q$; i`^X# :Xicfj DfkX F|]i$*%+ <c`j\f 8cY\ikf# äjZXi DXi`f 9\k\kX F|]$'( = c`o :fik j :XdXi`ccf# >c\e[X C`Y`\i DX[i`^Xc Kila`ccf F|]$') @i\e\ J\cj\i F|]$'.
`k[l[i ') Z[ CWoe Z[ (&'&
&@C<E@F
BM GSFOUF
;B E8I;HL7:EH JXdl\c >XiZ X
-PT USFT GBDUPSFT DMBWF
*
D_l[b[i Z[ ]eX_[hde$ 7dj[ bei e`ei Z[ bei Y_kZWZWdei" bW [ijWcfW h[fh[i[djW bei jh[i d_l[b[i Z[ ]eX_[hde" DWY^e" ckd_# Y_fWb1 Je e" <[Z[hWb1 o ÕiYWh" [ijWjWb$ I_d [cXWh]e fWhW ejhe j_fe Z[ eXi[hlWZeh[i i[ h[fh[i[djWd [b FH?" F7D o± «FH?7D5
FM BMBDSfO 8ebW YWdjWZW$ 9k[djWd bei gk[
iWX[d Z[b :hW] d WcWh_bbe " gk[ de [i dk[le [d [b ;ijWZe o gk[ bW IW]WhfW jkle YedeY_c_[dje Z[ ij[ Z[iZ[ ^WY[ c|i Z[ ( W ei$ FWhW Yebce Z[ cWb[i" ^Wo ][dj[ cWb f[diWZW o WbWYhWd[i fedpe eiei gk[ Yk[djWd gk[ Z[iZ[ [djedY[i" ^kXe h[Ykhiei fWhW gk[ [b fheXb[cW de bb[]WhW ^WijW bWi Yedi[Yk[dY_Wi WYjkWb[i$ 7 iW# X[h$
@kijei o de f[YWZeh[i$ :_#
Y[d [d [b ?C9E" ?dij_jkje C[n_YWde fWhW bW 9ecf[j_j_l_ZWZ" gk[ [b feZ[h @kZ_Y_Wb 9eb_c[di[ [i kde Z[ bei ) Yed c[deh[i dZ_Y[i Z[ YehhkfY_ d$ ;ie i_d ZkZW ^WXbW X_[d Z[ bW bWXeh gk[ l_[d[ Z[i[cf[ Wd# Ze @ei 7b\h[Ze @_c d[p 9Wh_bbe$ OW gk[ YkWdZe ij[ h_dZ_[hW ik bj_ce _d\ehc[" feh Yk[ij_ed[i Z[ W][dZW" [b ]eX[hdWZeh de fkZe WYecfW Whbe$ FWhW Wb]kdei `kh_ijWi bW WYY_ d \k[ jecWZW Yece kd Z[iW_h[ feh fWhj[ Z[b [`[Ykj_le$ ;ijW [i kdW Xk[dW efehjkd_ZWZ fWhW gk[ CWh_e 7d]k_Wde \[b_Y_j[ Wb cW]_ijhWZe fh[i_Z[d# j[$ ;d f Xb_Ye i[h W be `kije" YbWhe [ij|$
I[ f_dj Z[ Wpkb$ ;b Z W Z[ Wo[h"
[b fh_c[h YkWZhe Z[ bW Y_kZWZ Z[ 9eb_cW i[ Yebc Z[ h[fh[i[djWdj[i Z[b fWhj_Ze 7YY_ d DWY_edWb" f[hZ d" Z[b =eX_[hde <[Z[hWb$ I[ fh[i[djWhed ckY^Wi Z[ bWi WYY_ed[i gk[ i[ [ij|d bb[lWdZe W YWXe fWhW ]WdWh bWi [b[YY_ed[i" f[hZ d fWhW \Wleh[Y[h W bW ieY_[ZWZ$ Bei gk[ iWX[d" Yedi_Z[hWd gk[ [i kdW \ehcW Z[ ceijhWh c iYkbe hkcXe Wb (&'(" o bei gk[ de" iebWc[dj[ i[ gk[`Whed feh bei [cXej[bbW# c_[djei YWkiWZei$
FWi_je ZkhWd]k[di[$ ;d [b
[ijWZe Z[ :khWd]e" ZedZ[ WXkdZWd bei WbWYhWd[i" f[he Z[ ejhW [if[Y_[" [ij|d gk[h_[dZe fed[h bW ck[ijhW [d j hc_dei Z[ WYY_ed[i [d YedjhW Z[ bW Z[b_dYk[dY_W$ JeZei bei feb_Y Wi lWd W cWhYWh [b fWie XW`e bWi hZ[d[i Z[ kd i be cWdZe$ 7 l[h Y ce b[i lW$
IWcXW$ I_ [d ejhei [ijWZei lWd W
XW_bWh [b ºfWi_je ZkhWd]k[di[»" bei \kdY_e# dWh_ei Z[ Z[iWhhebbe hkhWb Z[b [ijWZe de
i[ feZ Wd gk[ZWh Wjh|i o feh [ie c[`eh i[ \k[hed W 8hWi_b" W l[h i_ Wfh[dZ[d W XW_bWh iWcXW$ 7^" oW i_ Z[ fWie Wfh[dZ[d Y ce WjWYWh Wb º:hW] d WcWh_bbe»" fk[i jWdje c[`eh$
jbn]aopnq_pqn]( a`q_]_e j u _kilapaj_e] `a ian_]`k* oa ao ah pn k `a b]_pknao mqa iafkn]n j ah `aoaila k a_kj ie_k `a I te_k aj ah ia`e]jk u h]nck lh]vko u ] hko mqa hko ck^eanjko `a^an ]j `a `a`e_]n pk`k oq aobqanvk u na_qnoko aj i]pane] a_kj ie_]* ?kj_ajpn]noa aj hk eilknp]jpa u jk i]hc]op]n hko na_qnoko( ah peailk u h] o]her] aj qj ikjp j `a _qaopekjao pnere]hao u `a lk_] k jqh] pn]o_aj`aj_e]* =jpa]uan aj Pkhq_] L]qh Gnqci]j( ah a_kjkieop] mqa c]j ah Jk^ah `a A_kjki ] .,,4( jko rejk ] na_kn`]n h] eilknp]j_e] `a _kj_ajpn]noa aj aopko pnao b]_pknao mqa `apk) j]j qj `ao]nnkhhk oqopajp]^ha `a h]o j]_ekjao* Aj fqhek `ah ] k l]o]`k( _q]pnk a_kjkieop]o _kjrk_]`ko lkn Ah Oai]j]nek l]n] `eo_qpen h]o ]hpanj]per]o `a I te_k l]n] lkpaj_e]n oq `ao]nnkhhk Íêo_]n Ran]( Hqeo `a h] ?]hha( Hqeo Bkj_ann]`] u Fknca Oe_ehe] p]i^e j d]^ ]j lh]jpa]`k aoko pnao b]_pknao _nq_e]hao* Aj h] _kjopnq__e j `a ejbn]aopnq_pqn] oa d] ]r]jv]`k `qn]jpa aopa ck^eanjk( lank h] p]na] oecqa ] ia`e]o( _kj qj oejj iank `a k^op _qhko mqa `apeajaj ah lnk_aok* Aj a`q_]_e j ah l] o aop aop]j_]`k `ao`a d]_a ] ko u _kj oaneko nav]cko `a _kilapepere`]` mqa `apeaja h] rahk) _e`]` `a _na_eieajpk lkpaj_e]h `a oq a_kjki ]* Aj _kilapaj_e] `a ian_]`k aop]iko ] j aj l] ]hao u _kj oane]o naoeopaj_e]o l]n] nkilan h]o aopnq_pqn]o `a lnerehaceko mqa eile`aj qj] i]ukn _kilapepere`]` aj oa_pknao _h]ra `a h] a_kjki ]* Pnao b]_pknao( pnao pani iapnko mqa atlhe_]j lknmq jqaopnk _na_eieajpk a_kj ie_k lkpaj_e]h oacqen oeaj`k okhk `a / lkn _eajpk k /*1 lkn _eajpk ] l]npen `a .,--*
I ]Wb[ bW f_ijW$$$
LWYkdW$ ;b ZeYjeh =[hpW d >[hd|dZ[p" Z[b I[]khe IeY_Wb" Z[YbWh gk[ de ^Wd Wkc[djWZe bWi [d\[hc[ZWZ[i ]Wijhe# _dj[ij_dWb[i Yed jeZe o [b YWbeh d gk[ [ij| ^WY_[dZe [d [b ;ijWZe$ ;b ]Wb[de" Yece lep Wkjeh_pWZW Z[b _dij_jkje" e\h[Y_ h[Yec[dZWY_ed[i fWhW ikf[hWh [ijW ebW Z[ YWbeh$ 7kdgk[ [b Wh|Yd_Ze de [i kd leY[he e\_Y_Wb Z[ d_d] d eh]Wd_ice Z[ iWbkZ" fh[\_[h[ WYedi[`Wh gk[ fWhW [l_jWh Z[i^_ZhWjWY_ed[i \kbc_dWdj[i" i[ j[d]W i_[cfh[ W bW cWde o [d [b h[\h_][hWZeh kdW Wcfebb[jW Z[ 9ehedW" fW be gk[ i[ fk[ZW e\h[Y[h$
-*LAHECNKO= PAJP=?EêJ* Ah oq^oa_nap]nek =haf]j`nk Sanjan ikopn oq _]qpah] ]jpa h] arkhq_e j bqpqn] `a hko lna_eko `ah lapn hak `]`] h] oepq]_e j mqa rera Aqnkl]* Hk `efk ]o aj ajpnareop] _kj Ah Oai]j]nek6 ÎAj h] ia`e`] aj mqa oa _kjpajc]j hko lnk^hai]o Új]j_ea) nko aj Aqnkl]( lnk^]^haiajpa jk ra]iko qj] ]ba_p]_e j _kjoe`an]^ha aj ah lna_ek `ah lapn hak( lank lkoe^haiajpa oec] qj] paj`aj_e] `a iajknao lna_eko `a hko mqa dq^eaoa paje`k aj ]qoaj_e] `a aopa baj iajkÏ* U aopa ao qj lqjpk _h]ra l]n] h] arkhq_e j `a h]o Új]jv]o l ^he_]o `]`] h] ]hp oei] `alaj`aj_e] lapnk) han]* Ao _eanpk mqa I te_k peaja _kj`e_ekjao ]_pq]hao `a ` Ú_ep l ^he_k( `a `aq`]( `a na) oanr]o u `a ^]h]jv] `a l]cko _ ik`]o* Lank oa ah lnk^hai]6 jk lnak_ql]noa `ai]oe]`k `a ao] i]ho]j] `alaj`aj_e] lapnkhan] p]j _]) lne_dko] _kik ]dkn] hk ao ah bqpqnk Új]j_eank `a Aqnkl]* ½?qe`]`k .*AOL= = >=FK BQACK* Oe namqeana i o are`aj_e]o `a h] cn]ra u lnkbqj`] _neoeo mqa rera h] a_kjki ] aqnkla]( u h] aol] kh] aj l]npe_qh]n( okhk _daha qj] nareo]`] ] h] h]nc] heop] `a ia`e`]o `a ]qopane`]` lnaoqlqaop]h mqa ]uan `ek ] _kjk_an ah faba `a ck^eanjk ao) l] kh ]jpa ah ?kjcnaok u mqa eil]_p]n j ] j i o aj h] u] p]j _qaopekj]`] na_qlan]_e j `a h] a_kjki ] aol] kh]6 Na`q__e j `a 1! aj ah o]h]nek `a hko bqj_ekj]neko `ah oa_pkn l ^he_k u _kjcah]ieajpk `qn]jpa .,--7 na`q__e j `a -1! aj hko o]h]neko `a hko ]hpko bqj_ekj]neko `ah ck^eanjk7 na`q__e j `a _]oe 3 ieh 4,, i`` `a ejranoe j l ^he_] l]n] .,-, u .,--7 aheiej]_e j `a fq^eh]_ekjao l]n_e]hao7 aheiej]_e j `a h] ]uq`] lkn j]_eieajpko `a . ieh 1,, aqnko ] l]npen `a .,--* = op]o oacqen j iq_d]o kpn]o( lknmqa jk d]u i]jan] `a mqa Aol] ] o]hc] `ah ]pkhh]`ank aj ah mqa aop iape`]* .D i]WhY_W6[bi[cWdWh_e$Yec$cn
BM GSFOUF
D@C<E@F
`k[l[i ') Z[ CWoe Z[ (&'&
5SBTDFOEJu gk[ oW i[ _d_Y_Whed bWi YWcfWÂ&#x2039;Wi"
bei iecXh[hWpei o [b YhkY[ Z[ WYkiWY_ed[i ^WijW Z[ f[hi[YkY_Â&#x152;d [d Wb]kdei [ijWZei o [d bW c_icW 9ec_i_Â&#x152;d F[hcWd[dj[ Z[b 9ed]h[ie Z[ bW Kd_Â&#x152;d" o [b ?<;" gk[ [dYWX[pW B[edWhZe LWbZÂ&#x192;i Pkh_jW" i_]k[ i_d WfheXWh bei b_d[Wc_[djei fWhW bW Z_\ki_Â&#x152;d Z[ fhefW]WdZW ]kX[hdWc[djWb [d bWi '+ [dj_ZWZ[i ZedZ[ ^WXh| [b[YY_ed[i$ BWi dk[lWi h[]bWi _XWd W i[h WlWbWZWi [d WXh_b fWiWZe" f[he [i cec[dje gk[ bei Yedi[`[hei de b[ [djhWd Wb j[cW$ 7^Â&#x2021; YkWdZe gk_[hWd" ÂŤ[^5
gk[ W fhefÂ&#x152;i_je Z[ fbWpei [nj[diei"
ZkhWdj[ bW h[kd_Â&#x152;d Z[ eĂ&#x2026;Y_Wb[i cWoeh[i Z[ bWi Z[f[dZ[dY_Wi \[Z[hWb[i fWhW [lWbkWh dk[lei d[]eY_ei gk[ e\h[Y[h W bei [n jhWXW`WZeh[i Z[ Bkp o <k[hpW Z[b 9[djhe" ^kXe Yed\hedjWY_Â&#x152;d [djh[ \kdY_edWh_ei Z[ bW I[Yh[jWhÂ&#x2021;W Z[ ;YedecÂ&#x2021;W o Z[ bW 9ec_i_Â&#x152;d <[Z[hWb Z[ ;b[Yjh_Y_ZWZ$
:Ă&#x2018;7 9ED :Ă&#x2018;7 ?Â&#x201E;Zkfi 8^l`cXi :XdÂ&#x2C6;e
&
jpna hk jkp]^ha mqa d] da_dk oqncen h] hau `a =nevkj] _kjpn] ej`k_qiajp]`ko( aopÂ&#x192; h] lnkpaop] `a h]o _aha^ne`]`ao( iÂ&#x192;o reoe^ha u ]_]ok iÂ&#x192;o aĂ&#x161;_]v mqa jejcqj]* Lneiank Od]gen]( hqack Hej`] Nkjop]`p( ]_pk) nao( `ena_pknao `a _eja( _]jp]jpao mqa `a_h]n]nkj aj _kjpn] k lnkpaop]nkj aj h] _]hha* Hqack( _kej_e`eaj`k _kj ah 1 `a i]uk( mqa _aha^n]j aj Aop]`ko Qje`ko _kik ah `Â&#x17D;] j]) _ekj]h iate_]jk( hko amqelko lnkbaoekj]hao `a ^]omqap^kh Pda Oqjo( `a Ldkajet( u Pda Olqno( `a O]j =jpkjek( _]i^e]nkj ah ]npÂ&#x17D;) _qhk aj ejchÂ&#x160;o `a oq qjebknia6 Pda( lkn oq amqer]hajpa aol]Â&#x2019;kh6 Hko( o]hq`]j`k _kj aok h] Ă&#x161;aop] iate_]j]( _kik hk d]_aj oeailna( lank `aĂ&#x161;jeaj`k p]i^eÂ&#x160;j qj na_d]vk ] h] hau `a i]nn]o*& =hck oaiaf]jpa u ]Â&#x2DC;j iÂ&#x192;o n]`e_]h aileav]j ] _k_ej]n hko dki^nao `ah ^aeo^kh lnkbaoekj]h* Qjk `a _]`] _q]pnk fqc]`knao lnkbaoekj]hao `a aoa `alknpa aj Aop]`ko Qje`ko ao ejiecn]jpa( n]vÂ&#x201C;j lkn h] _q]h oa caopekj] u] mqa =nevkj]
-FDUVSBT EF "SJ[POB 1SPUFTUBT DlMFCSFT jk oa] ah ]Â&#x2019;k mqa reaja je h] oa`a `ah fqack `a aopnahh]o je ah _]ilk `a ajpnaj]ieajpk `a lnei]ran] mqa oqaha oan* Ah oaj]`kn aop]p]h `a ?]hebknje] Ceh^anp ?a`ehhk oa `eolkja ] la`en ] hko @k`cano `a Hko =jcahao mqa jk d]c]j oq lnapailkn]`] aj =nevkj]* Ă&#x17D;Aopa ao ah amqelk `a F]_gea Nk^ejokj( mqa nkileÂ&#x201C; h]o ^]nnan]o n]_e]hao aj ah ^aeo^khĂ?( `e_a ?a`ehhk* Ă&#x17D;Ao ah amqelk `a Banj]j`k R]hajvqah] u ]dkn] ah amqelk `a I]jju $N]iÂ&#x17D;nav%* ?Â&#x201C;ik lqa`a aopa amqelk oacqen ajpnaj]j`k aj qj aop]`k mqa d] lqaopk qj penk ]h ^h]j_k aj h]o ao) l]h`]o `a pk`ko oqo naoe`ajpao deol]jkoĂ?*&& H]o n]vkjao `a ]i^ko iqj`ko( ah ^Â&#x192;omqap u ah ^aeo^kh lnkbaoekj]h( okj _kjrancajpao u iqaopn]j qj] `a h]o hÂ&#x17D;ja]o mqa `ere`a ah _ki) lhafk `a^]pa ok^na ejiecn]_eÂ&#x201C;j mqa `kiej] h] QjeÂ&#x201C;j =iane_]j]* Ao qj `a^]pa( `e_a >aj =`han aj Jasosaag( jk p]jpk ajpna `aiÂ&#x201C;_n]p]o u nalq^he_]jko( oejk ajpna h]o Â&#x160;hepao u h]o i]o]o* L]n] amqelko `ah `alknpa lnkbaoekj]h( hhajko `a fqc]`knao
4F WJFOF FODJNB
HWfÂ&#x192;
QFTPT
gk[ [b i[dWZeh o i[Yh[jWh_e ][d[hWb
Z[b F7D" @eiÂ&#x192; =edp|b[p Ceh\Â&#x2021;d" eYkfW bW l_Y[fh[i_Z[dY_W Z[ bW C[iW :_h[Yj_lW [d bW 9ec_i_Â&#x152;d F[hcWd[dj[" YWh]e gk[ Z[iW_hÂ&#x152; [d [b f[h_eZe ehZ_dWh_e Yed [b Wh]kc[dje Z[ gk[ eYkfWXW kd bk]Wh [d bW [ijhkYjkhW Z[b 9ec_jÂ&#x192; ;`[Ykj_le DWY_edWb fWd_ijW$ FkhW Yed]hk[dY_W$
1BSB TVT HVTUJUPT
FEBĂ&#x2018;J?97 9;HE
gk[ [b fh[i_Z[dj[ Z[ bW Yec_i_Â&#x152;d
gk[ ^Wo gk[ l[h Z[ gkÂ&#x192; i[hl_Zeh[i
fÂ&#x2018;Xb_Yei i[ heZ[W [b dk[le `[\[ Z[ bW Feb_YÂ&#x2021;W Z[ ?dl[ij_]WY_Â&#x152;d Z[b :<" HWÂ&#x2018;b F[hWbjW" fk[i [d bW fheYkhWZkhÂ&#x2021;W YWf_jWb_dW Z_Y[d gk[ j_[d[ fbWd[WZe _dj[]hWh W ik [gk_fe Z[ jhWXW`e W l_[`ei o Xk[dei feb_YÂ&#x2021;Wi" _dYbkie W YWhjkY^ei gk[cWZei" f[he de W ck`[h[i$ ÂŤC_ie]_d_W5
Zei feh jh[i
TPCSBO
Feh be fhedje" HeX[hje =_b PkWhj^" ikXi[Yh[jWh_e Z[ =eX[hdWY_Â&#x152;d" [dl_Â&#x152; kdW YWhjW W CWhjÂ&#x2021;d ;ifWhpW" bÂ&#x2021;Z[h Z[b IC;" fWhW e\h[Y[hb[ Wj[dY_Â&#x152;d cÂ&#x192;Z_YW W bei ^k[b]k_ijWi Z[ ^WcXh[ Z[b PÂ&#x152;YWbe$
;b f[hh[Z_ijW e\h[Y[h| W bei \Wc_b_Wh[i [b Wfeoe [d cWj[h_W b[]Wb Z[ bW \hWYY_Â&#x152;d f[hh[Z_ijW o bei _dl_jWh| W fWhj_Y_fWh [d bWi h[kd_ed[i Z[ bW Yec_i_Â&#x152;d [d bW 9_kZWZ Z[ CÂ&#x192;n_Ye$
8[d 7Zb[h" ºM^o j^[ F^e[d_n Ikdi Effei[ 7h_pedW½i ?cc_]hWj_ed BWm D[mim[[a" +%+%'& 7h_Wd 9Wcfe#<beh[i" ºM_bb 8Wi[XWbb J[Wci 8eoYejj 7h_pedW5 D[mim[[a" )&%*%'&
Hko 0 ieh /,- lkhe_Â&#x17D;]o aop]p]hao `a @qn]jck na_e^aj qj o]h]nek lnkia`ek `a 2(0/0 u( oacÂ&#x2DC;j h] OOL ba`an]h( _kj aok lqa`aj _q^nen oqo ja_aoe`]`ao ^Â&#x192;oe_]o u d]op] haoĂ&#x2026;
Bei fh_c[hei YkbfWhed W bW ][dj[ Z[ bW 9<; Z[ j[d[h _dj[h[i[i [d bei d[]eY_ei" WZ[c|i Z[ de gk[h[h YedjhWjWh W bei jhWXW`WZeh[i b_gk_ZWZei$ 7 i_[j[ c[i[i Z[b Z[Yh[je Z[ [nj_dY_Â&#x152;d" ÂŤYece fWhW Yk|dZe f[diWh|d fed[hi[ Z[ WYk[hZe5
[if[Y_Wb [d IWd B|pWhe gk[ _dl[ij_]W [b YWie Z[ bW ]kWhZ[hÂ&#x2021;W 789" ;c_b_e I[hhWde" l_W`Wh| W >[hcei_bbe" IedehW" fWhW [djh[l_ijWhi[ Yed bei fWZh[i Z[ bei d_Â&#x2039;ei gk[ \Wbb[Y_[hed [d [b _dY[dZ_e Z[ `kd_e Z[b WÂ&#x2039;e fWiWZe$
eilknp]`ko( h]o rajp]f]o `ah he^na _kian_ek okj k^re]o( oa naĂ&#x203A;af]j aj h] jÂ&#x201C;iej] u h] _]he`]` `a oqo fqc]`knao( mqa ] oq rav oa naĂ&#x203A;af]j aj h] _]he`]` u hko ejcnaoko `ah jack_ek* L]n] ah lÂ&#x2DC;^he_k cajan]h( aj _]i^ek( h]o rajp]f]o `ah he^na _kian_ek `a pn]^]f]`knao lk_k _]heĂ&#x161;_]`ko jk okj p]j _h]n]o( l]na_aj iÂ&#x192;o ^eaj qj] ]iaj]v] `a lan`an pn]^]fko* Aopk jk ao _eanpk( lank _kik oe hk bqan]* H] na]he`]` `a h] chk^]hev]_eÂ&#x201C;j d] _]iej]`k iÂ&#x192;o nÂ&#x192;le`k aj hko da_dko mqa aj h]o _]^av]o( u h]o Â&#x160;hepao l]na_aj pajan qj] reoeÂ&#x201C;j `ah bqpqnk iÂ&#x192;o lajapn]jpa mqa ah _eq`]`]jk _kiÂ&#x2DC;j* WBa `a ann]p]o6 aj h] _khqij] `ah i]npao ao_ne^Â&#x17D; Ejiecn]pekj h]s( ao Eiiecn]pekj* =uan( s]njejc pn]raho* Ao pn]rah s]njejcoY .D WYWc_d6c_b[d_e$Yec
AX`if :Xc`okf 8cYXii}e
(
n]_e]o ]h Lnaiek J]_ekj]h `a Lanek`eoik mqa ]_]^] `a c]j]n ?]niaj =neopacqe oa naoq_epÂ&#x201C; h] ajpnareop] _kj Iecqah `a h] I]`ne`( mqa ha devk iana_an p]i]Â&#x2019;k c]h]n`Â&#x201C;j `a^e`k ] oqo narah]_ekjao ok^na O]hej]o( h]o _q]hao o]_q`eankj ]h LNE( _q]j) `k `kj ?d]nhu( oq Uk`]( oq _Â&#x201C;ilhe_a u pk`k oa lqok lakn mqa h] def] `a =hat Hkn] `aolqÂ&#x160;o `a lac]nha ]h re`nek* U j]`] iÂ&#x192;o lknmqa ah cneo @a h] I]`ne` hk d]^Â&#x17D;] o]_]`k ] ^]h_Â&#x201C;j _kik qj] `a h]o _ne]pqn]o iÂ&#x192;o oejeaopn]o mqa d]^Â&#x17D;] _kjk_e`k* U ienaj mqa oq ^nkpdan an] Ah Jacnk @qn]vk* ?kik mqean] mqa oa]( bqankj hacaj`]) ne]o h]o _knnapev]o `a Aiehek C]i^k] Ă?]dkn] iank hÂ&#x17D;`an oej`e_]h `a h] ?JKL( knc]jeoik `a e`a]o lnaik`anj]oĂ? d]op] h] _]okj] `a `kj Ie_gau l]n]( _kj h] lamqaÂ&#x2019;] ]uq`] `a qj cnqlk `a oeilÂ&#x192;pe_ko pknpqn]`knao( _kjraj_anhk `a mqa na_qh]n]( ]hac]j`k lknp]_eÂ&#x201C;j `a jaqnkj]o ejateopajpao*
-P RVF QBTB FO MB DBODIB TF RVFEB FO MB DBODIB U] oa o]^a mqa ah oaÂ&#x2019;knepk ?dql]_]^n]o ao f]nnepk `a Ph]mqal]mqa* ?]oe p]jpk _kik ah fqc]`kn `ah O]jpko( ah l]j]iaÂ&#x2019;k Bahela >]hku( mqa u] ]niÂ&#x201C; qj l]j_dk i]uaopÂ&#x192;pe_k uaj`k _kj ah _deoia ]h ?kj]lna`( lknmqa `ko fqc]`knao `a Lqi]o( LegkhÂ&#x17D;j u RanÂ&#x201C;j( ha `efankj `a _ko]o* K oa]( _q]hmqean] mqa d]u] fqc]`k ]hcÂ&#x2DC;j `alknpa o]^a mqa( aj ah bqnkn `a h] _kilapaj_e]( oa `e_aj _ko]o ran`]`an]iajpa `e]^Â&#x201C;he_]o* Je ik`k mqa( aj hko ]b]jao lkhÂ&#x17D;pe_]iajpa _knna_pko mqa d]j bknf]`k oq eilanek ] jqaopnk ]hna`a`kn _kj oq ejatlqcj]^ha ]noaj]h `a aqbaieoiko pneopao( hko fqc]`knao oa _kilknpaj `a i]jan] p]j _en_qjola_p] _kik qj cnqlk `a _kjo]cn]`]o `a hko Hacekj]neko `a ?neopk* K oa]( hko l]npe`ko `a bqp^kh oa _kjranpenÂ&#x17D;]j aj ]hck ej]ja u iaheĂ&#x203A;qk7 oanÂ&#x17D;] p]j `aolna_e]^ha _kik ]olen]n ] mqa aj hko ^]Â&#x2019;ko lÂ&#x2DC;^he_ko oa ^knn]n]j hko lkÂ&#x160;pe_ko iajo]fao d]n` _kna `a hko ejolen]`ko qoq]neko mqa `af]j ]dÂ&#x17D; hk iafkn `a oq ran^] Ă&#x203A;kne`]*
U ^qajk( oe ] ao]o r]iko( `ao`a peailko ejiaikne]hao paj`nÂ&#x17D;] mqa d]^an ejpanraje) `k jk h] ?J@D oejk h] KJQ( aj h] `abajo] `a hko Â&#x192;n^epnko( _qu]o faba_ep]o d]j na_e^e`k iÂ&#x192;o iajp]`]o mqa hko `elqp]`ko oajoe^hao mqa jk oa lnaoajp]nkj ] qj] oaoeÂ&#x201C;j _kj hko l]`nao `a hko jeÂ&#x2019;ko `a h] Cq]n`anÂ&#x17D;] =>?* Jk oa `ec] RÂ&#x17D;_pkn CkjvÂ&#x192;hav Knpac]( at lnaoe`aj) pa `ah ?kjcnaok `a >]f] ?]hebknje]( lkn ]j`]n ^ne]ck u _k_k mqeaj( `a^e`k ]h _hei] `a ejpk) han]j_e] naej]jpa( bqa a_d]`k ] l]p]`]o `ah l]npe`k ^h]jmqe]vqh* U] hk `efk ah Ă&#x161;hÂ&#x201C;okbk Hqeo C]n_Â&#x17D;] aj Psep) pan( ]jpao d]^Â&#x17D;] qj _Â&#x201C;`eck `kj`a pk`k hk mqa l]o]^] aj h] _]j_d] oa mqa`]^] aj h] _]j_d]7 ]dkn] je aok* ?kik aj H]o Rac]o* Hk ieoik lajoÂ&#x201C; O]hej]o `a IID* Hk mqa l]o] aj Hko Lejko( oa `a^anÂ&#x17D;] mqa`]n aj Hko Lejko* F]* .D `W_he$YWb_nje6c_b[d_e$Yec mmm$jm_jj[h$Yec%`W_heYWb_nje
D@C<E@F
`k[l[i ') Z[ CWoe Z[ (&'&
B7 >?IJEH?7 ;D 8H;L; :`if > d\q C\pmX
.
_]p he_] ]^ne qj lk_k h]o lqanp]o%( ao ah i]ukn _]ok `a _ajoqn] mqa ia d] pk_]`k reren u ]paopecq]n aj h] lnajo] iate_]j]* Lank mq hq_e`kn ao ao_qlen dku ok^na qj] pqi^]* Aj aop] _naop] atla_pkn]jpa( ah Jas Ukng Peiao $mqa jk bqa lna_eo]iajpa peh l]n] nkilan h] _ajoqn]% oa oqi] dku _kj qj] jkp] iqu cajan]h lank mqa( ]h iajko l]n] i ( r]ha lkn h] l]npe_el]_e j `a `ko lanokj]o* H] ajpn] ]^ha Nk^anp] C]nv]( dani]j] `ah j iank `ko `a I]_eah* @ao`a ah 53( u oej `]n pnacq]( ahh] `ajqj_e hko ]^qoko u ]^ne hq_ao ejbkni]per]o aj ao] _qar] oejeaopn]*
Afailh]n ajpkj_ao u dku* U =npqnk Ah ]o( p]i^e j iqu _an_]jk ] hko Hacekj]neko* Aj rav `a ]_qo]n `ao`a ah b]_eheoik `a ik`]( ]oqia ah l]lah `a oq ailnao] u b]iehe]* ÎH] nah]_e j `a ?]nhko Ohei _kj ah l]`na I]_eah u hko Hacekj]neko `]p] `a ` _]`]o u h _kjpej ] d]_eaj`k `kj]perko ] h]o k^n]o _]nep]per]o `a h] _kjcnac]_e jÏ( `e_a* ÎD] ]lknp]`k qj] ^qaj] _]jpe`]` `a `ejank ] h] na` `a ao_qah]o lklqh]nao `a hko Hacekj]neko u leajo] oacqenhk d]_eaj`k( lkn) mqa jko cqop] h] bkni] aj mqa a`q_]jÏ* Lnabane^ha aok( ieh ra_ao( ] ran ] p]jpk d j) c]nk( hap j( l]pa]j`k qj _]` ran* .D ]ec[pb[olW6c_b[d_e$Yec
$BCF[BT QFOTBOUFT
[b fW i Z[b dkdYW `WXWp
a ]omqa] ah l]p pe_k aola_p ) _qhk `a l]pa]n aj ah oqahk ah _]` ran `ah l]`na I]_eah* U jk lkn aoa _neiej]h( rekh]`kn `aole]`]`k( oejk lknmqa ]dk) n] naoqhp] mqa( _kik hko d jc]nko( hapkjao u `ai o( pk`ko aopqreankj `a ]hcqj] bkni] aj h] naoeopaj_e] _kjpn] h]o pnkl]o `a Dephan7 pk`ko( `a ]hcqj] bkni]( bqankj okhe`]neko _kj h]o `ajqj_e]o _kjpn] ah bqj`]`kn u cq ] `a h] Hace j `a ?neopk* ½=h _]n]fk H] deopkne] `ah l]`na I]_eah( ]h iajko ajpna -553 u .,,. $_q]j`k h] lneian] _neoeo ejpanj]_ekj]h `a la`an]ope] aj h] Echaoe]
3PCFSUB (BS[B "SUVSP &MpBT Z FM DBEfWFS EF .BDJFM
9K8Ñ9KBE ;IJH7Jx=?9E
.POPQPMZ QFSP OP EF 4MJN
:Xicfj DfkX
&
op] lqa`a oan qj] `a h]o lk_]o ra_ao mqa aoa p niejk( ikjklkhu( jk oa ]lhemqa aj aopa l] o Í_kik ejfqop]iajpa k_qnnaÍ d]_e] qj ailnao]nek _kik ?]nhko Ohei( d]_e] hko lk`anao b _pe_ko k d]_e] h]o pahare) okn]o* Aop] rav ao Ikjklkhu( lank ranoe j I te_k* ¼? ik;( oa lnacqjp]n j ]hcqjko* =uan oa lnaoajp Ikjklkhu I te_k( qj fqack `a iao] mqa ej_hqua oepeko pqn ope_ko j]_ekj]hao apemqap]`ko _kik l]pneikjek* ?kik aj Aol] ]( `kj`a h] ranoe j hk_]h laniepa ]h fqc]`kn ]`mqenen ah L]oak `a h] ?]opahh]j] aj /1, aqnko* Aqnko `ar]hq]`ko* =mq oa _kiln]n ?de_d j Epv * Segela`e]( mqa pk`k hk o]^a( `e_a6 Îh] ]qpkn ] knecej]h `a Ahev]^apd I]ccea u ah knecaj `ah Ikjklkhu _kik arkhq_e j `a fqacko ]jpaneknao( d] oe`k ej_hqok na_kjk)
BM GSFOUF
;D FH?L7:E AfXhl e C g\q$ ; i`^X M%
¶%F WFSEBE OP MP TBCpB FM 1SFTJEFOUF
&
?q]j`k jk hao `]o h] n]v j( oa h] pki]j* Bhknaop j
j ia`ek `ah ao_ j`]hk `a mqeaj d] oe`k _]heÚ_]`k lkn h] O]jp] Oa`a _kik qj `ahej_qajpa oej ao_n lqhko( He ^]jk O ajv o]ha ] d]_an qj ejaolan]`k _kjpnkh `a `] ko( `]j`k ] _kjk_an mqa h ejpanrejk( dku d]_a -/ ] ko( l]n] `apajan h] ejbkni]_e j mqa ?enk C iav Haur] e^] ] narah]n aj ?]j]h 0, ok^na aoa ikjopnqk hh]i]`k I]n_e]h I]_eah( ajpkj_ao Jqaopnk L]`na l]n] oqo hacekjao `a oacqe`knao u l]pnk_ej]`knao* Ah pk`klk`ankok oa_nap]nek l]npe_qh]n `ah lnaoe`ajpa Anjaopk Va`ehhk( mqeaj ]laj]o( r ] iajo]fa( ]_h]n mqa je _kjk_a ] I]_eah je jqj_] aopqrk aj Hko Lejko( o]ha ] `a_en mqa bkni]^] l]npa `a h] _]q`] `a ]iecko( `e_a( u ]`ien]`knao `a I]_eah* Aj qj] ajpnareop] mqa Aqje_a =h^]nn j lq^he_ aj H] N]v j( He ^]jk narah] mqa ah bqj`]`kn `a hko Hacekj]neko hk ^qo_ aj i]uk `a -553 l]n] mqa h] Lnaoe`aj_e] eile`ean] mqa ?enk de_ean] l ^he_]o oqo ]^ann]_ekjao* ?qajp] mqa _q]j`k oa hk _kjoqhp ] Va`ehhk( opa ha `efk mqa hk de_ean] ] p pqhk lanokj]h( jk ] jki^na `ah ck^eanjk* =o ( _ep aj Hko Lejko ] F]rean Iknajk R]hha( ajpkj_ao _kj_aoekj]nek `a ?]j]h 0,( l]n] la`enha mqa lkn ah ^eaj `ah l] o oqolaj`ean] ah lnkcn]i] `a ?enk( ] hk mqa opa ha `efk mqa jk( lkn oan qj ]oqjpk `a _kj_eaj_e]* Pn]o h] aieoe j( na_qan`] He ^]jk( oa oej) pe iqu ej_ ik`k lkn h]o ]^ann]_ekjao ]hh `k_qiajp]`]o( u mqa jqj_] rkhre ] pajan ah ieoik pn]pk _kj I]_eah( ]h mqa ha bqa ]l]n) p]j`k oq ]ieop]`* =qjmqa `ko ] ko `aolq o( aj -555( ]i^ko( He ^]jk u I]_eah( pqrean]j qj l]lah _ajpn]h aj h] _q]np] reoep] `a Fq]j L]^hk EE ] I te_k* ¼Lkn mq o]ha ]dkn] ah at oa_nap]nek `a Va`ehhk _kj aop]o narah]_ekjao; @a^a pajan oqo n]vkjao( lknmqa ] aopk `a h] lkh pe_] u h]o nah]_ekjao ha o]^a( u h]nck* Lank uk je h]o _kjkv_k je ajpeaj`k h] ennql_e j* Ah je_k mqa hk o]^a ao ah lnklek He ^]jk* Ao lkoe^ha mqa pn]pa `a i]jpajan ] Va`ehhk bqan] `a h]o hec]o _kj I]_eah( _kik h]o pqreankj pk`ko oqo ]jpa_aoknao aj Hko Lejko* Lank ] j ]o ( oeck oej ajpaj`an lkn mq * U h jk hk d] `e_dk
H[jWb[i _e`] lkn hko pne^qj]hao aop]`qje`ajoao $Å% `qn]jpa qj h]nck lnk_aok fq`e_e]h $Å% ] n] v `a h] lq^he_]_e j `a qj fqack `a iao] pepqh]`k =jpe)IkjklkhuÏ* H] _ep] ]jpanekn reaja ] _qajpk lknmqa dq^k qj] `eolqp] ok^na mqe j an] ah _na]`kn knecej]h `ah fqack* Lank aok aj _q]hmqean _]ok u] `] ecq]h( lknmqa D]o^nk( h] Úni] fqcqa) pan] aop]`qje`ajoa( peaja ah ikjklkhek `a Ikjklkhu* Ao h] `qa ]* D]o^nk ao qj] ailnao] _]ilakj] aj qj] ej`qopne] _kjpn]_ _he_]* Ah ] k l]o]`k _na_e aj oqo rajp]o Ímqa hhac]nkj ] i o `a 0 ieh 23 iehhkjao `a ` h]naoÍ( u p]i) ^e j aj oq qpehe`]` jap]* Ieajpn]o pk`k _] ]( D]o^nk _na_ ]* H] ailnao] `efk mqa .,,5 bqa Îat_ahajpaÏ* ¼Raj`eaj`k mq ; Fqcqapao6 Pn]jobkniano( Oa knao ?]n] `a L]l] u iq) amqepko `a Iu Heppha Lkju*
= D]o^nk( `enece`] lkn ?]nhko O]h]ia( ha ]uq` ah ?kjoafk `a Lnkik_e j Pqn ope_] l]n] h]jv]n ]uan aj ah ?ajpnk J]_ekj]h `a h]o =npao h] ranoe j j]_ekj]h `a aopa fqack* Hko laoeieop]o lajo]n j mqa( u] mqa h] rekhaj_e] aop ejde^eaj`k ah pqneoik `a ran`]` aj I te_k( lkn hk iajko ]dkn] pajaiko aopa fqack l]n] ehqoekj]njko ]h naola_pk* Segela`e] nai]p] _kj o]^e`qn ]6 ÎAh fqack `a Ikjklkhu `n]i]pev] ]h iqj`k _]lep]heop] u oqo ]pn]_perko `a ]_qiqh]_e j `a nemqav]( _kilapepere`]` u oaha__e j `a hko iafknao l]n] k^pajan hko hqc]nao `a lnerehacek aj h] ok_ea`]`* L]n] ]_qiqh]n nemqav] ao ja_ao]nek _kilapen u c]j]nha ] hko `ai o( ]qjmqa aop] c]j]j_e] cajana lk^nav] k neaock `a re`] aj hko kpnko mqa okj _kjoe`an]`ko _kjpnej) _]jpaoÏ* Uao .D cejWYWhbei'&&6]cW_b$Yec
-* ?KJPNKH* Ah ` ] ..( ah l]jeoik aheca ] hko _kjoafanko mqa aj jkreai^na `a_e`en j ]h oq_aokn `a ? o]n J]r] u ah ] k mqa reaja ] oq _]j`e`]pk lnaoe`aj_e]h* Okj /1, hko ejpacn]j) pao `a aopa oaha_pk _khacek* Ah _]h`ankjeoik i]jpaj`n oq i]ukn ]7 .* LAFEOIK* Lkn h ja] `a H lav K^n]`kn( ah LP oa d] mqa`]`k oej _]j`e`]pko aj Oej]hk]( Lqa^h] a De`]hck( `kj`a( _kik aj hko `ai o aop]`ko( jk paj ] j]`] mqa d]_an7 u /* HARãJP=PA* Pk`k ej`e_] mqa ah PALFB naoq_ep]n ] I]np j Knkv_k _kik _]j`e`]pk `ah L=J aj =cq]o_]heajpao* Aoa pne^qj]h d] okopaje`k mqa jk ao d]op] h] oajpaj_e] _q]j`k qj _eq`]`]jk lean`a oqo `ana_dko lkh pe_ko* U Knkv_k hk mqa peaja( mqa u] ao ^]op]jpa lank jk oqÚ_eajpa( ao qj ]qpk `a bkni]h lneoe j* Ah ]oqjpk okj hko peailko* Jko raiko i] ]j]( lank aj lner]`k* .D bef[pZeh_]W6c_b[d_e$Yec
`k[l[i ') Z[ CWoe Z[ (&'&
P
&M UFNB
Z[iWhhebbe hkhWb
7kdgk[ bWi FbWdjWi Z[ EhdWje de j_[d[d fheXb[cW Yed bW XWYj[h_W" [ij|d i_[dZe W\[YjWZWi
:hW] d WcWh_bbe eYWi_edW ZW ei [d FbWdjWi Z[ EhdWje BW h[l_i_ d [d YWi[jWi \_jeiWd_jWh_Wi [ij| ZW WdZe bW fbWdjW gk[ Yec[hY_Wb_pWd
BWc[djWd \WbjW Z[ YeehZ_dWY_ d Z[b j_jkbWh Z[ I[Z[h @ei L[hZkpYe gk_[d [ij| [d 8hWi_b B?P 97IJ?BBE
9eb_cW3?\`[` [\ C\ e >lk` ii\q
`ko _kik Okjkn]( h]o _]oap]o Úpko]) jep]ne]o mqa oa aj_qajpn] aj lhajk `aoeanpk( aop j k^hec]j`k ] mqa pk`ko hko _]iekjao lnk_a`ajpao `a ?khei] `ao_]ncqaj oqo lh]jp]o( l]n] raneÚ_]n mqa jk d]u] jejcqj] `a _ pne_ko* ÎIeajpn]o oa `ao_]nc]j h]o / ieh 1,, lh]jp]o mqa hhar] qj _]ie j( ah _hei] u] h]o ]ba_p ( hk mqa d]_a mqa ah _heajpa jk h]o mqean] u jko h]o nacnaoaj( ]o ao mqa p]i^e j aop]iko oeaj`k ]ba_p]`ko lkn aopa lnk^hai] mqa ]mqaf] ] h] _epne_qhpqn]Ï( oajpaj_e * =oeieoik( ej`e_ mqa r]neko `a oqo _kiln]`knao aop j ]`mqeneaj`k lh]jp]o ] Iknahko( `a^e`k ] mqa `e_dk aop]`k jk peaja jejc j lnk^hai] _kj ah `n]c j ]i]nehhk( _kjoe`an]`] _kik h] ajbania`]` i o `ar]op]`kn] l]n] h] _epne_qhpqn]* ÎAop] ajbania`]` ao _kilhe_]`] u jko ]ba_p]n a_kj ie_]iajpa( aop]iko reaj`k aop] oepq]_e j _kj lnak_ql]_e j( u] pajaiko lan`e`]o( lank ] j jk daiko reopk ] _q jpk ]o_eaj`ajÏ( `efk* Lkn hpeik( atdknp ] h]o ]qpk) ne`]`ao aop]p]hao ] _kkn`ej]noa u fqjpk _kj pk`ko hko ]ba_p]`ko ^qo_]n okhq_ekjao ] aopa lnk^hai] mqa d] apemqap]`k ] ?khei] _kik qjk `a hko _q]pnk aop]`ko `ah l] o mqa peajaj `n]c j ]i]nehhk* .&
"
qjmqa jk oeai^n]j _ pne_ko( hko lnk`q_) pknao `a Lh]jp]o `a Knj]pk p]i^e j aop j oeaj`k ]ba_) p]`ko lkn ah `n]c j ]i]nehhk( `a^e`k ] mqa h] lnk`q__e j mqa aop j raj`eaj`k ] kpnko aop]`ko ao okiape`] ] necqnkoko _kjpnkhao Úpko]jep]neko( hk mqa aop `] ]j`k oaran]iajpa h] Ûkn* Hk ]jpanekn hk ejbkni ah lnaoe) `ajpa `ah ?kjoafk Aop]p]h `a Lh]jp]o `a Knj]pk( Nq^ j ?]^nan] Oehr]( mqeaj h]iajp h] b]hp] `a _kkn`e) j]_e j `a h]o ]qpkne`]`ao( `a^e`k ] mqa h] je_] ejbkni]_e j mqa na_e^e bqankj qjko bkhhapko aj `kj`a ha ejbkni]^]j mq ao ah `n]c j ]i]nehhk u mqa opa u] oa aj_kjpn]^] aj ?khei]* ÎDa ejpajp]`k _kiqje_]nia _kj ah pepqh]n `a Oa`an( Fko Ran`qv_k u _kj ah `a ?ao]ra_kh( lank hk je_k mqa oa ia d]j `e_dk ao mqa ]j`]j aj >n]oeh* ?nak mqa d] b]hp]`k _kkn`ej]_e j lknmqa hk mqa aop l]o]j`k _kj ah @n]c j =i]nehhk ao qj lnk^hai] oanek u lnak_ql]jpaÏ( `efk* Aj aopa oajpe`k( Nq^ j ?]^nan] Oehr] ej`e_ mqa oq lnk`q__e j oa aop `] ]j`k( `a^e`k ] mqa aj aop])
HkX d 9WXh[hW _dZ_Y gk[ ik fheZkYY_ d i[ [ij| ZW WdZe feh YWi[jWi \ _jeiWd_jWh_Wi [d fb[de Z[i_[hje
FWhW eXj[d[h \_dWdY_Wc_[dje Z[ fhe]hWcWi <7FF7 o FheckiW]
9[hYW Z[ ) c_b [`_ZWjWh_ei fh[i[djWd ,&& fheo[Yjei W IH7 ;if[hW WbYWdpWh
fh[ikfk[ije Z[ '+ c_bbed[i" Z_Y[ C_]k[b @_c d[p 9eb_cW3<:D
$
an_] `a / ieh afe`]p]neko `a h] ajpe`]` ^qo_]j k^pajan bej]j_e]ieajpk `a h] Oa_nap]) n ] `a h] Nabkni] =cn]ne] $ON=% l]n] eilqho]n 2,, lnkua_pko lnk`q_perko( _kj hk _q]h ^qo_]j k^pajan ejcnaoko ]`e_ekj]hao mqa hao laniep] k^pajan h] a_kjki ] ja_ao]ne] l]n] iafkn]n h] _]he`]` `a re`] `a h]o b]iehe]o _]i) laoej]o( narah ah `ahac]`k `a h] ON=( Iecqah Fei jav O]jp]j]* =qj _q]j`k i]jebaop mqa h] ON= aop i]jaf]j`k qj lnaoq) lqaopk `a - ieh 1,, iehhkjao `a
J7F?HE
laoko l]n] `ao]nnkhh]n ah lnkcn]i] Bkj`k l]n] ah =lkuk ] Lnkua_pko Lnk`q_perko aj J _hako =cn]neko $B=LL=% u Ah Lnkcn]i] `a h] Iqfan aj ah Oa_pkn =cn]nek $Lnkiqo]c%( `efk `ao_kjk_an _q h ah ikjpk `a hko na_qnoko mqa oa ]qpknev]n j l]n] aop] ajpe`]`( lknmqa ahhk `alaj) `an `ah j iank `a lnkua_pko mqa _]hebemqaj l]n] k^pajan ah bej]j) _e]ieajpk _knnaolkj`eajpa* Oej ai^]nck( ikopn _kjbe]jv] aj mqa hko afe`]p]neko _kheiajoao hkcnaj qj lnaoqlqaopk oeieh]n ]h afan_e`k aj .,,5( ] k aj ah mqa h] ON= ]lkuk ajpna 4, u -,, lnkua_pko lnk`q_perko( _kj qj bej]j_e]ieajpk `a ajpna -- ] -1 iehhkjao `a laoko* Fei jav O]jp]j] ej`e_ mqa ah `ao]nnkhhk `a ]_pere`]`ao `ah oa_pkn lnei]nek u `a r]hkn ]cnac]`k okj hko lnej_el]hao lnklqaop]o mqa h]o iqfanao u dki^nao `ah _]ilk
;djh[ bei fheo[Yjei Wb I[Yjeh 7]hWh_e" [ij| bW cWdk\WYjkhW Z[ jkh_ice _kheiajoa lnaoajp]nkj aj hko 2,, lnkua_pko lnk`q_perko* Ajpna hko lnkua_pko lnaoajp]`ko( `efk( `aop]_]j h] ajckn`] `a c]j]`ko ^krejk( lkn_ejk( _]lnejk( ]o _kik
h] i]jqb]_pqn] `a ]npao]j ]o k ]_pe) re`]`ao a_kpqn ope_]o _kik dkop]hao( l]lahan ]o( ian_an ]o u kpnko* =_h]n mqa _]`] qjk `a hko 2,, lnkua_pko lnk`q_perko lnaoajp]`ko
oa ejpacn]j lkn cnqlko `a afe`]p]) neko `a 1 k i o _]ilaoejko* Ah `ahac]`k `a h] ON= atlqok mqa aj aopko ikiajpko( lanokj]h aola_e]hev]`k `a aop] `alaj`aj_e] aop ]j]hev]j`k h] re]^ehe`]` `a hko lnkua_pko( oe aopko _qilhaj _kj h]o nach]o `a klan]_e j u k^faperko `a aopko lnkcn]i]o( hko _q]hao peajaj _kik lnkl oepk ]lku]n ] hko afe`]p]neko mqa rer]j aj vkj]o i]ncej]hao* =oeieoik( ]cnac ( oa aop ]j]hev]j`k oe ajpna hko afe`]p]) neko d]u cnqlko `a iqfanao `a h] pan_an] a`]` k f rajao mqa ^qo_]j lani]ja_an aj oqo naola_per]o _kiqje`]`ao* Nao]hp mqa oa lnapaj`a ajpna) c]n hko lneianko na_qnoko ] l]npen `a fqjek( lank ahhk `alaj`an `a hko lnkua_pko mqa r]u]j oeaj`k ]qpknev]`ko* .&
`k[l[i ') Z[ CWoe Z[ (&'&
Yh d_YW0 QPS &MJ[BCFUI $BTUJMMP .lOEF[
%&4536*3 / .*- 1-"/5"4 %& -*. / B?P 97IJ?BBE
9ed kdW iedh_iW Z[ iWj_i\WYY_ d" ;b_]_e i[ WbW gk[ [b b_c d gk[ i[ fheZkY[ [d ik l_l[he [ij| b_Xh[ Z[ YkWbgk_[h fbW]W o fkdjkWb_pW gk[ bW [d\[hc[ZWZ Z[b ZhW] d WcWh_bbe de ^W bb[]WZe W iki Y jh_Yei
-
] `aopnq__e j `a _an_] `a -, ieh lh]jp]o `a hei j mqa aop j aj lnk_aok `a lnk`q__e j aj oq rerank( lkn h] lnaoaj_e] `a h] lh]c] `ah Î`n]c j ]i]nehhkÏ( ao qj] jkpe_e] mqa ] Ahecek Fei ) jav( ] oq b]iehe] u pn]^]f]`knao hao _]qo] oajpeieajpko aj_kjpn]`ko( mqa r]j `ao`a h] pneopav] ]h ajkfk( lqao jk o hk naceopn]n j l n`e`]o a_kj ie_]o( oejk oa _eann] h] lkoe^e) he`]` `a mqa aop] ailnao] b]iehe]n cajana ]hcqj]o `a h]o bqajpao `a ailhak mqa p]jpk oa ja_aoep]j aj ah aop]`k* Ah ]jqj_ek `ah `ahac]`k `a h] Oa_nap]n ] `a =cne_qhpqn]( C]j]) `an ]( @ao]nnkhhk Nqn]h( Lao_] u =heiajp]_e j $O]c]nl]%( O]hr]`kn >a_ann] Nk`n cqav( `a mqa d]^n j `a `aopnqenoa pk`]o h]o lh]jp]o `a _ pne_ko mqa oa lnk`q_aj aj hko re) ranko oej h] _anpeÚ_]_e j `a O]je`]` Racap]h( _kik qj] ia`e`] l]n] lnarajen h] lnkl]c]_e j `a aop] lh]c] `ar]op]`kn] `a hko _ pne_ko( ao qj] jkpe_e] mqa ] aopa reraneop] ha _]u _kik qj ^]h`]vk `a ]cq] bn ]( lknmqa oan j pen]`ko ] h] ^kn) `] r]neko iaoao `a pn]^]fk u hko aobqanvko u h] `a`e_]_e j mqa oa ha lqok ] _]`] qj] `a h]o lh]jp]o l]n] mqa caniej]n]j he^nao `a _q]hmqean lh]c]* ?kj qj] okjneo] `a o]peob]__e j( Ahecek oa ]h] mqa ah hei j mqa oa lnk`q_a aj oq rerank aop he^na `a _q]hmqean pelk `a lh]c] u lqjpq]) hev] mqa h] ajbania`]` `ah `n]c j ]i]nehhk jk d] hhac]`k ] oqo _qhperko `ah _ pne_k( lank aop _kj_eajpa `a mqa ahhk jk o]hr]n h]o lh]jp]o `a oan `aopnqe`]o( lknmqa aop j oeaj`k lnk`q_e`]o oej h] _anpeÚ_]_e j `a O]je`]` Racap]h*
=qjmqa h] `aopnq__e j `ah ]cnek ao qj lnk_aok mqa jk ha ao `ao_kjk) _e`k( u] mqa d]_a / ] ko pqrk mqa `aopnqen _an_] `a /, ieh lh]jp]o `a hei j lknmqa O]je`]` Racap]h `apaniej mqa oqo _qhperko paj ]j h] lh]c] `ajkiej]`] h] pneopav] `a hko _ pne_ko( ] aopa lnk`q_pkn ha _]qo] _kjckf] h] ln tei] `ar]op]_e j `a -, ieh ]n^khepko( _kj hk _q]h paj`n qj] l n`e`] a_kj ie_] `a /,, ieh laoko( lknmqa _]`] leav] h] _kian_e]hev] aj /, laoko* Oe ^eaj oa ran ]ba_p]`k a_kj ) ie_]iajpa lkn h] `aopnq__e j `a h]o lh]jp]o `a hei j( hk mqa i o ha lao] ] aopa ie_nkailnao]nek ao ah `af]n `a cajan]n ]hcqj]o `a h]o bqajpao `a ailhak mqa oa namqeanaj aj ah aop]`k* Î@e]nek reajaj ]h rerank ajpna / 0 lanokj]o okhe_ep]j`k pn]^]fk( lank jk aop j `]`]o h]o _kj`e_ekjao l]n] ]_alp]nhkoÏ( ]cnac * Ahecek ]_h]n] mqa jk d] okhe_ep]`k h] _anpeÚ_]_e j `a h] lnk`q__e j `a hko heikjao lknmqa Îjk ha rak jejcqj] rajp]f] ah jk pajan lh]jp] _anpeÚ_]`] k jkÏ( lknmqa Îieajpn]o h] lh]jp] aop `ajpnk `ah ejranj]`ank aop _anpeÚ_]`]( lank ]h o]hen `ah rerank u] lean`a h] _anpeÚ_]_e j( lknmqa d]u iq_dko ]jei]hao u ]h `alkoep]noa qj ejoa_pk aj ahh]( op] oa ejba_p] u lean`a h] _anpeÚ_]_e j* Aopa reraneop] mqa lnk`q_a i o `a -1, aola_eao `a lh]jp]o `a knj]pk ] j jk na_e^a h] jk) peÚ_]_e j kÚ_e]h `a mqa d]^n `a `aopnqen h]o lh]jp]o `a hei j( lank `e_a aop]n heopk l]n] hhar]n aopa lnk_aok* ÎOan ] iafkn mqa aj hqc]n `a `aopnqenh]o( nac]h ) n]iko aop]o lh]jp]o l]n] mqa oa nabknaop]n j _eanp]o vkj]o( lank je aok oa lqa`a d]_anÏ( oa ]h] _kj qj pkjk `a _kjckf]* .&
FM UFNB
`k[l[i ') Z[ CWoe Z[ (&'&
$PMJNB :[ WYk[hZe Yed [b ?dij_jkje C[n_YWde fWhW bW 9ecf[j_j_l_ZWZ 7$9$
;d @kij_Y_W" 9eb_cW [i [b j[hY[h [ijWZe Yed c[dei YehhkfY_ d I;H=?E 9;HL7DJ;I
;b fh[i_Z[dj[ Z[b
IJ@;" 7b\h[Ze @_c d[p" Z_`e gk[ hejWY_ d Z[ `k[Y[i WokZ :[ ., Y_kZWZ[i
Yedi_Z[hWZWi" 9eb_cW [i Z[ bWi c[`eh[i [d [ij[ Wif[Yje" _d\ehc 9eb_cW3?\`[` [\ C\ e >lk` ii\q
&
j I]pane] `a Fqope_e]( ?khei] ao _kjoe`a) n]`k _kik ah pan_an aop]`k _kj iajko _knnql_e j( oac j Ah Ejopepqpk Iate_]jk l]n] h] ?ki) lapepere`]` =*?* $Ei_k% mqa aj oq i o na_eajpa ejraopec]_e j `ajk) iej]`]6 ?kilapepere`]` Qn^]j] .,-,( _kjoe`an ] h] ajpe`]` _kik qj] `a h]o i o r]jcq]n`eop]o aj i]pane] `a fqope_e]* Hk ]jpanekn hk ejbkni ah i]ceo) pn]`k lnaoe`ajpa `ah Oqlnaik Pne) ^qj]h `a Fqope_e] `ah Aop]`k( Fko =hbna`k Fei jav ?]nehhk( mqeaj atlhe_ mqa h] nkp]_e j `a fqa_ao u h] _anpeÚ_]_e j `a r]neko lnkcn]i]o hkcn mqa aj ?khei]( `eoiejquan]j hko j`e_ao `a _knnql_e j* Aj aopa oajpe`k( ejbkni mqa `a 42 _eq`]`ao mqa bqankj _kj) oe`an]`]o aj oq nalknpa `ah ] k .,-,( ?khei] oa aj_qajpn] `ajpnk
Bei h[ikbjWZei gk[ eXjkl_cei dei ^WY[d i[dj_h eh]kbbeiei" f[he [ijWcei jhWXW`WdZe [d XkiYWh [b fh_c[h bk]Wh " h[WÅhc `ah cnqlk `a ajpe`]`ao _kj _ki) lapepere`]` ]hp] aj i]pane] `a fqope_e]* Aopa ejopepqpk j]_ekj]h ar]h ] h] eil]n_e]he`]` `a hko fqa_ao( _]he`]` ejopepq_ekj]h `a h] fqope_e]( `qn]) _e j `a hko lnk_a`eieajpko fq`e) _e]hao u aÚ_eaj_e] aj h] afa_q_e j `a oajpaj_e]o* ÎHko naoqhp]`ko mqa k^pqreiko jko d]_aj oajpen kncqhhkoko( lank
Fh__ijWi eX[Z[Y[d _dijhkYY_ d Z[ eYkbjWh Y_\hWi
;i ikc_ie [b FeZ[h B[]_ibWj_le ^WY_W [b ]eX[hdWZeh0 F7D Gk_i_[hed j[d[h c|i ]h at ck^anj]`kn Oehranek ?]r]vko
j_[cfe fWhW cWgk_bbWh bWi Y_\hWi" ef_d C_bjed Z[ 7blW 9eb_cW3 DXi`f 8cY\ikf Jfc j <jg`efjX
&
h `elqp]`k `ah L=J( Iehpkj `a =hr] Cqpe nnav( oajpaj_e mqa ah Lk`an Haceoh]perk ao oqieok ]h Afa_qperk aop]p]h( Îp]h _ko] ao are`ajpa _kj h] _]heÚ_]_e j `a h]o _qajp]o l ^he_]o( aj `kj`a hko lneeop]o oa aila ]j aj `abaj`an
?a^]hhkoÏ* Lqjpq]hev mqa `a i]jan] _kjfqjp]( h] i]ukn ] haceoh]per] u ah ck^eanjk aop]p]h pn]p]j `a lnkpacan ]h at i]j`]p]nek u l]n] ahhk( k_qhp]j h] ejbkni]_e j `a h] ]q`epkn ] ln]_pe_]`] ]h ck^eanjk aop]p]h aj oq lanek`k _knnaolkj) `eajpa ]h oacqj`k oaiaopna `ah .,,5* Ej`e_ mqa aj oq h ce_] `a `eo_e) lhej]( hko lneeop]o `a^aj ]_]p]n h]o ejopnq__ekjao `a oq faba lkh pe_k( mqa ao ah ck^anj]`kn I]nek =jcqe]jk Iknajk( Î`a^aj k^a`a_an h]o ejo)
`a^aiko `a ^qo_]n oan ah lneian hqc]n u aj aok aop]iko pn]^]f]j`k( aop]iko _anpeÚ_]j`k lnk_aoko( oacqeiko _kj h] _]l]_ep]_e j `ah lanokj]h u aolan]iko mqa aj hko ln teiko ] ko oa lqa`]j pajan naoqhp]`ko o]peob]_pknekoÏ( `efk ah lnaoe`ajpa `ah OPFA* Ah Ejopepqpk Iate_]jk l]n] h] ?kilapepere`]` lqok _kik afailhk ah _]ok `a ?khei]( _kik ah i o
`aop]_]`k _kj h]o iafknao ln _pe) _]o d]_e] ah _]i^ek nacqh]pknek u `aop]_ mqa aj hko hpeiko ] ko( h] ajpe`]` oa d] _kjranpe`k aj qj aop]`k mqa oa aj_qajpn] ] h] r]j) cq]n`e] aj ah `eoa k ejopepq_ekj]h `a fqope_e]* Oa ]h mqa qj cn]j ]r]j_a aj aopa _]ilk d] oe`k h] _anpeÚ_]_e j ^]fk h] Jkni] EOK 5,,-6.,,4( ]lhe_]^ha ] `ebanajpao lnk_aoko
nabanajpao ] h] o]h] ietp] _ereh( ian_]jpeh u b]iehe]n* P]i^e j ateopa qj oeopai] `a lkh ) pe_] ]^eanp] mqa eilhe_] h] ]paj_e j ]h l ^he_k `a i]jan] i o `ena_p] u aÚ_eajpa( ok^na pk`k( aj hk nabanajpa ] hko peailko `a naolqaop]o* @ah ieoik ik`k( l]npe_el]nkj aj h] jkni]hev]) _e j ]hcqjko fqvc]`ko `a h] ?eq`]` `a ?khei]( =nian ]( Rehh] `a ãhr]nav( Pa_ki j u I]jv]jehhk* .& I;H=?E 9;HL7DJ;I
pnq__ekjao u h] ]_pepq` `ah `elqp]`k Neck^anpk O]h]v]n( lknmqa `a^a oq lqaopk lhqnejkiej]h ] ahhkoÏ* Ah haceoh]`kn l]jeop] oq^n]u mqa _kj pk`k aoa _kjpatpk( ao iqu _kilnajoe^ha mqa jk d]u] rkhqjp]` lkh pe_] l]n] pn]jol]najp]n pk`] h] ejbkni]_e j nah]per] ] hko afan) _e_eko Új]j_eanko( Îlknmqa p]jpk ah `elqp]`k _kik aj ah nc]jk Úo_]hev]`kn `a^aj ah lqaopk mqa kopajp]j ]_pq]hiajpaÏ* @ap]hh mqa ao iqu k^rek mqa Îateopa iq_dk _k_d]i^na aj hko atla`eajpao bej]j_eanko `ah ck^eanjk aop]p]h( lkn ao] oeilha n]v j jk mqeoeankj ajpnac]nhko( ] j _q]j`k aj ah ]np _qhk // _kjopepq_ekj]h ao iqu _h]nk( aj ah oajpe`k `a mqa _knnaolkj`a ] hko `elqp]`ko h] _]he) Ú_]_e j `a h]o _qajp]o l ^he_]oÏ* Hqack `a _kjoe`an]n mqa h]o ln]_pe_]`]o ] h]o _qajp]o l ^he_]o `ah oacqj`k oaiaopna `ah .,,5 okj oaq`k nareoekjao( Iehpkj `a =hr] Cqpe nnav oq^n]u mqa ah pn]^]fk `a Úo_]hev]_e j aj ah ?kjcnaok Îoa _kjrenpe aj qj ran`]`ank Ú]o_k l]n] hko _eq`]`]jkoÏ*
:[iYWhjWZe gk[ bW \hWYY_ d XbWdgk_Wpkb fWhj_Y_f[ [d d[]eY_WY_ed[i0 Z_fkjWZe =`ah]jp mqa hko `elqp]`ko `ah L=J jk ]lnk^]n j h] _qajp] l ^he_] `ah ck^eanjk aop]p]h u p]ilk_k `a hko iqje_eleko `a Pa_ki j u ?khei]( Îlknmqa ateopaj oane]o enna) cqh]ne`]`ao( mqa p]jpk ah nc]jk Úo_]hev]`kn _kik h] ?kieoe j `a D]_eaj`] aop j ecjkn]j`kÏ* Na_kn` mqa ej_hqok ateopaj `eo_nal]j_e]o ajpna ah ikjpk `a h] `aq`] mqa ]_na`ep] ah ck^eanjk aop]p]h u h] mqa i]jaf] ah ênc]jk Oqlanekn `a =q`epkn ] u Beo_]he)
v]_e j Cq^anj]iajp]h( Îaopk ]h i]ncaj `a mqa hko l]oerko jk oa reankj nabhaf]`ko `a jejcqj] i]jan] aj k^n]o u oanre_ekoÏ* L]n] _kj_hqen( Iehpkj `a =hr] `ao_]np mqa h] bn]__e j `ah L=J r]u] ] l]npe_el]n aj _q]hmqean pelk `a jack_e]_e j u ]`ai o( Îah pn]oh]`k `a h] oaoe j d]op] ah o ^]`k bqa o hk l]n] ]_]^]n `a i]mqehh]n h]o _ebn]o u pk`] h] lk`na`qi^na aj h] ]`iejeopn]) _e j aop]p]hÏ* .&
D@C<E@F
`k[l[i ') Z[ CWoe Z[ (&'&
E\h[Y[ WokZW fWhW ck`[h[i Z[ hWdY^e ºBW FWbc_jW»
BWc[djWd bei Z_fkjWZei YWiei Z[ l_eb[dY_W bWXehWb ;IF;9?7B
IWblWZeh <k[dj[i
Yedc_d W W]h[Z_ZWi W WYkZ_h W _dijWdY_Wi Yehh[ifedZ_[dj[i
BWi jhWXW`WZehWi \k[hed gk_[d[i Z[dkdY_Whed WXkiei0 i[nkWb" \ i_Ye o bWXehWb O]hr]`kn Bqajpao _kjoe`an mqa u] jk ao lkoe^ha mqa oa lnaoajpaj _]oko `a ]^qoko aj h]o ailnao]o k hqc]nao `a pn]^]fk( Îao iqu h]iajp]^ha mqa oq_a`]j aop]o _ko]o( ]qjmqa ateopaj h]o ejop]j_e]o ]`a_q]`]o l]n] mqa ]_q`]j pk`ko ]mqahhko mqa oa oeajp]j rqhjan]`ko aj oqo `ana_dkoÏ* =_kjoaf ] h]o iqfanao ]ba_p]`]o mqa hqack `a na]hev]n h] `ajqj_e] l ^he_]( lnk_a`]j _kj h] `ajqj) _e] `a _]n _pan bkni]h( l]n] mqa oa kpkncqa oacqeieajpk ]h _]ok u oa _]opecqa ] hko naolkjo]^hao( Îuk kbnav_k ie ]uq`] a ej_hqok h] ]oaokn ] `a qj ]^kc]`k l]n] mqa hko da_dko oa ao_h]nav_]jÏ*
H[bWY_edWZWi Yed Yedi[Yk[dY_Wi Z[ ebW Z[ YWbeh
De i[ ^Wd _dYh[c[djWZe bWi _d\[YY_ed[i ]Wijhe_dj[ij_dWb[i H[Yec_[dZWd X[X[h _kik hko Aha_pnkhepko mqa ha `arqahra
9eb_cW3@mfee\ 9XiXaXj
/
k d] d]^e`k ej_naiajpk aj h]o ejba__ekjao c]opnkej) paopej]hao ] _kjoa_qaj_e] `a h] kh] `a _]hkn mqa `ao_kilkja hko ]heiajpko _kj i]ukn b]_ehe`]`* Nk^anpk Canv] j Danj j`av Lkj_a( `ena_pkn `a h] _h je_] Jk* -5 `ah Ejo) pepqpk Iate_]jk `ah Oacqnk Ok_e]h $EIOO%( kbna_e ]hcqjko _kjoafko l]n] mqa je ko u ]j_e]jko Ìh] lk^h]_e j i o rqhjan]^haÍo]hc] ejre_p] `a aop] pailkn]`] `a _]hkn* H]o na_kiaj`]_ekjao okj h]o oecqeajpao6 ^a^an `ko k pnao hepnko `a h mqe`k ]h ` ] $/, iehehepnko lkn _]`] gehk `a laok `a h] lanokj]%( `a lnabanaj_e] _kjoqien ]cq] u ^a^e`]o j]pqn]hao( arep]n atlkjan) oa ] hko n]uko `ah okh u jk _kian aj h] _]hha* Î@a lnabanaj_e] `a^aj arep]n _kjoqien ^a^e`]o ne_]o aj ]v _]n( aj _]ba j]( _kj a`qh_kn]jpao k _kj mq ie_ko7 hk mqa o `a^aj ejcanen okj bnqp]o nk_]o aj rep]iej] ? _kik h] j]n]jf] k ah hei j7 `a^a oan bnqp] `ah ` ]Ï7 p]i^e j na_kiaj` ^a^e`]o
9[fWl_ YWfWY_jW ieXh[ bW l_eb[dY_W W W][dj[i Z[b CF 7dj[i [b CF [n_] W
NNNNNNNN
fhk[XWi W l_eb[djWZWi" W^ehW i be XWijW Yed fh[i[djWh ik Z[dkdY_W
1
&
[djh[ Zei o jh[i b_jhei Z[ b gk_Zei Wb Z W o jecWh ;b[Yjheb_jei
:[iZ[ ^WY[ jh[i W ei i[ _cfWhj[d Ykhiei
9eb_cW3 ?\`[` [\ C\ e >lk` ii\q
9eb_cW3DXi`f 8cY\ikf Jfc j <jg`efjX
h lnaoe`ajpa `a h] ?kieoe j `a @ana_dko Dqi]jko aj h] HRE Haceoh]pqn]( O]hr]`kn Bqajpao La`nkv]( h]iajp hko ]_) pko `a rekhaj_e] h]^kn]h( b oe_] u oatq]h mqa oqbneankj pn]^]f]`kn]o `ah n]j_dk ÎH] L]hiep]Ï( q^e_]`k aj ah iqje_elek `a Pa_ki j* Bqankj h]o lnkle]o pn]^]f]`k) n]o mqeajao `ajqj_e]nkj h]o raf]) _ekjao ] mqa an]j okiape`]o lkn l]npa `a qjk `a hko _]l]p]_ao `a aoa n]j_dk( q^e_]`k aj h] _khkje] He^anp]`( l]n] mqeaj ]`ai o pn]) ^]f]^]j aj `erano]o ]_pere`]`ao ]cn _kh]o* Ah `elqp]`k l]jeop] _kjiej ] h]o iqfanao ]cna`e`]o l]n] mqa ]_q`]j ] h]o ejop]j_e]o _knnaolkj) `eajpao( aj aopa _]ok h] ?kieoe j Aop]p]h `a hko @ana_dko Dqi]jko( ]o _kik ] h] lnkle] ejop]j_e] haceo) h]per] mqa h ieoik aj_]^av]( Îl]n] mqa ]d lk`]iko kneajp]nh]oÏ*
$PMJNB
]h _qanlk( aj oq fqop] ia`e`]( h]o oqop]j_e]o mqa d] lan`e`k _kj h] oq`kn]_e j at_aoer]7 `a hk _kjpn]nek h] lanokj] lqa`a `aode`n]p]noa* Ah neaock `a _kjpn]an ejba__ekjao c]opnkejpaopej]hao oa lkpaj_e] _q]j`k h]o lanokj]o ejceanaj ]heiajpko aj h] _]hha6 ÎNa_kiaj`]n ] mqa jk _k) i]j aj hqc]nao mqa hq_aj ejo]hq^nao( mqa oa]j iqu _qe`]`koko aj aoa oajpe`k lknmqa lqa`aj lao_]n qj] ejba__e j mqa hao _]qo]n ] `e]nna] u kpnko i]haop]naoÏ( atlqok* D]op] ah ikiajpk( `efk( jk d] nalqjp]`k ah j iank `a ]paj_ekjao ] ejba__ekjao c]opnkejpaopej]hao lank jk `ao_]np] `a mqa oa lqa`]j `eol]n]n( aola_e]hiajpa oe h] cajpa `ao_qe`] ]hcqj]o ia`e`]o l]n] i]jpajanoa o]jk6 Î?kik _q]hmqean ajbania`]`( h] cajpa mqa oa aj) _qajpn] aj ]i^ko atpnaiko `a h] re`] Ìhko je ko u hko ]j_e]jkoÍao h] cajpa i o lnk_hera ] hhac]n ] oqbnen h]o _kjoa_qaj_e]o( lkn oqo _kj`e_ekjao lnkle]oÏ7 na_kiaj` atpnai]o lna_]q_ekjao _kj aopko oa_pknao `a lk^h]_e j* Ah qok `ah ^hkmqa]`kn okh]n p]i) ^e j oa na_kieaj`] aj aop] pailkn]`] `a _]hkn* Nk^anpk Canv] j Danj j`av Lkj_a _kjb ] aj mqa( ]h oacqen ]h lea `a h] hapn] aop]o ej`e_]_ekjao( h] cajpa jk oqbnen lnk^hai]o `a o]hq` nah]) _ekj]`ko _kj ah _]hkn* .&
Ah haceoh]`kn i]jebaop mqa h] `ajqj_e] u ah lkopanekn _]opeck `a hko naolkjo]^hao okj iqu pehao l]n] arep]n mqa aj hk oq_aoerk oa lnaoajpaj aopa pelk `a _kj`q_p]o( Îaola_ Ú_]iajpa aj ah _]ok `a h] nah]_e j `a hko l]pnkjao _kj oqo ailha]`koÏ* I]jebaop mqa h] haceoh]_e j aj i]pane] `a `ana_dko dqi]jko ao h] ]`a_q]`]( Îu ]mq hk ej`eolaj) o]^ha ao mqa h]o `alaj`aj_e]o `ah n]ik ]lhemqaj hk mqa i]n_] h] hau( lknmqa `a ao] i]jan] oa aop]n ] oajp]j`k qj lna_a`ajpa iqu lkoeperkÏ( Új]hev O]hr]`kn Bqajpao* .&
]n] mqa h]o `ajqj_e]o lkn rekhaj_e] ejpn]b]iehe]n oa]j ]paj`e`]o _kj h] oanea`]` u h] eilknp]j_e] mqa oa ha `]n ] ] _q]hmqean `ahepk( `ao`a d]_a pnao ] ko( ah ?al]re eil]npa _qnoko `a _]l]_ep]_e j ] ]cajpao `ah Iejeo) panek L ^he_k* H] `ena_pkn] `ah ?ajpnk Aop]p]h l]n] h] Lnaraj_e j u =paj_e j `a h] Rekhaj_e] Ejpn]b]iehe]n $?al]re%( I]n ] `a h] Hqv B]f]n`k( i]jebaop mqa aj aop]o _]l]_ep]_ekjao oa ^qo_] mqa hko ahaiajpko lkhe_ ]_ko( u ah lnklek IL ]peaj`]j h]o `ajqj_e]o lkn rekhaj_e]( ej`alaj`eajpaiajpa `a oe h] `ajqj_e]jpa peaja dqahh]o b oe_]o `a h] ]cnaoe j* Aj h] ajpe`]`( ateopaj _q]pnk iao]o aola_e]hev]`]o l]n] ]paj`an aopa `ahepk( lkn hk mqa h] _]l]_e) p]_e j ] hko aj_]nc]`ko `a `e_d]o ]caj_e]o d] oe`k _kjop]jpa Î]jpao oa `ajqj_e]^] u p]h rav ah IL jk ha `]^] h] eilknp]j_e] ]h `ahepk( ]dkn] raiko mqa h]o _ko]o aop j _]i^e]j`kÏ( oajpaj_e *
9[djhe Z[ Wj[dY_ d W l_eb[dY_W _djhW\Wc_b_Wh
@ao`a d]_a pnao ] ko( _kj ]lkuk `ah Ejopepqpk J]_ekj]h `a Iqfanao( ah ?al]re aop eil]npeaj`k _]l]_ep]_e j ] h] Lnk_qn]`qn ] `a Fqope_e]( _kj h] Új]he`]` `a mqa lnk_aoaj h] `ajqj) _e] `a _q]hmqean iqfan mqa d] oe`k ]cna`e`]( lank ]`ai o( l]n] mqa ha kpkncqaj ] h] `ajqj_e]jpa h] _kjÚ]jv] `a mqa oq _]ok oan ]paj`e`k _kik _q]hmqean `ahepk* D]_a peailk( knc]jeoiko mqa hq) _d]j ] b]rkn `a h]o iqfanao( oa mqaf]^]j `a mqa hko Iejeopaneko L ^he_ko jk ]paj` ]j h]o `ajqj_e]o `a iqfanao a ej_hqok hao atec ]j lnqa^]o `ah i]hpn]pk mqa nalknp]^]j* I]n ] `a h] Hqv B]f]n`k( ]oacqn mqa oa d]j hkcn]`k ]r]j_ao eilknp]jpao aj eil]npe_e j `a fqope_e]( u atlhe_ mqa oacqen j _kj h] _]l]_ep]_e j ] hko _qanlko lkhe_ ]_ko* .&
$PMJNB
`k[l[i ') Z[ CWoe Z[ (&'&
7b]kdei Z[ [bbei cWd[`Wd h[Ykhiei Z[ cWd[hW _cfehjWdj[
FH? Z[dkdY_W YedÆ_Yjei Z[ _dj[h[i[i [d bW L_bbW J7F?HE
', [cfb[WZei
f Xb_Yei jWcX_ d ied Yedi[`[hei Z[b 7YY_ d DWY_edWb º=edpWbe =WhY W"
CWdk[b Ebl[hW" HeY e F h[p o Îd][b ÎblWh[p» [d [ijW i_jkWY_ d" Z_Y[ 9eb_cW38c\o :XiYXaXc 9\iY\i
.
q_d]o okj h]o ennacqh]ne) `]`ao mqa oa d]j `]`k aj Rehh] `a ãhr]nav( `aolq o `a mqa d]op] -2 ailha]`ko l ^he) _ko `a ]hpk jerah `a h] ]`iejeopn]) _e j `a >naj`] Cqpe nnav Rac]( _kil]npaj bqj_ekjao `ajpnk `ah ?kiep Iqje_el]h `ah L=J( oac j hk `e_dk lkn Nk^anpk >n]rk Bhknao( lnaoe`ajpa `ah L]npe`k Narkhq_ek) j]nek Ejopepq_ekj]h $LNE% aj Rehh] `a ãhr]nav* Ah lneiank `a ahhko ao mqa ah oa_nap]nek cajan]h `ah ?kiep Iq) je_el]h `ah L=J aj Rehh] `a ãhr]nav( Ckjv]hk C]n_ ] Iknajk( Îao ah lna) oe`ajpa `ah @EB Iqje_el]h( h] `q`] ao ¼_ ik d]n l]n] jk _kjbqj`en hko ]lkuko `ah @EB _kj ]lkuko `ah L=J aj peailko aha_pkn]hao;Ï( oa lnacqjp >n]rk Bhknao* ÎKpnk _]ok lnak_ql]jpa ao ah _]ok `ah Paoknank `ah =uqjp]ieajpk `a ?khei]( I]jqah Khran] O j_dav( mqeaj p]i^e j afan_a _kik Pa) oknank `ah ?kiep Iqje_el]h `ah L=J( hk mqa lkja aj `q`] ¼_ ik jk r] ] iav_h]n hko na_qnoko `ah ]uqjp]ieajpk u hko na_qnoko `ah L=J;Ï( ]cnac *
ºBei c_icei fWd_ijWi i[ gk[`Whed Z[ bW [b[YY_ d" i_ [ie ^WY[d Z[djhe" «gk de ^Wh|d Yed ejhei fWhj_Ze5" 8hWle <beh[i Qj _]ok oeieh]n ao ah `a Nk) _ k F]japd L nav O]h]o( mqeaj ao h] aj_]nc]`] `a Acnaoko aj ah =uqjp]ieajpk `a Rehh] `a ãhr]) nav( Îieajpn]o mqa p]i^e j bqjca _kik h] aj_]nc]`] `a Új]jv]o aj ah ?kiep Iqje_el]h `ah L=J( ¼_ ik c]n]jpev] mqa jk ajre]n na_qnoko ] oq l]npe`k;Ï( ejoeope ah `ena_perk pne_khkn* =d jk paniej]j oqo `q`]o( lqao l]n] h( Îqj _]ok iqu k^rek na_]a aj ãjcah ãhr]nav =hr]n]`k( mqeaj p]jpk aj ah =uqjp]ieajpk _kik aj ah ?kiep Iqje_el]h( bqjca _kik ah aj_]nc]`k `a A_khkc ]( ]o mqa lkja kpn] rav h] `q`]( ¼l]n]
mqe j pn]^]f]n aj ah bkiajpk ] h] a_khkc ];Ï* >n]rk Bhknao i]jebaop aj aj) pnareop] mqa( _kik opko( Îd]u -2 _]oko i o( ajpna hko mqa `aop]_]j ah Oa_nap]nek `ah =uqjp]ieajpk( Ajnemqa Ikjnku O j_dav( mqeaj ao ah aj_]nc]`k `a Bknp]ha_eieajpk Ejpanjk aj ah l]npe`k( k ah _]ok `ah KÚ_e]h I]ukn `ah =uqjp]ieajpk( F]eia Rah]o_k Bhknao( mqeaj ao ah pe) pqh]n `a =Úhe]_e j ] oq l]npe`kÏ* =oacqn mqa Îaopk jk peaja mqa ran _kj h] pn]jol]naj_e] `a h] mqa p]jpk d]^h] ah L=J( oe ah l]npe`k ^h]jmqe]vqh `aÚja mqa h] aha__e j `ah _kiep iqje_e)
l]h aj aopa iqje_elek bqa r he) `]( `a^an ]j ran aop] oepq]_e j _kilnkiapa`kn]* Hko ieoiko l]jeop]o `ah iqje_elek oa mqa) f]nkj `a h] aha__e j( ahhko bqankj hko mqa `eankj ] _kjk_an pk`]o h]o ennacqh]ne`]`ao `ah lnk_aok `a aha__e j( oe aok d]_aj _kj ah L=J( ¼mq r]j ] d]_an _kj kpnko l]npe`ko;Ï( `efk* L]n] Új]hev]n( _kiajp mqa ao Î]hck mqa _kjoe`an]iko ejikn]h( hko ieoiko bqj_ekj]neko `ah L=J d]^h]nkj `a _ ik pn]^]f]nkj aj _]il] ] u ]^]j`kj]nkj oqo bqj) _ekjao `ajpnk `ah =uqjp]ieaj) pkÏ* .&
Feh WcfWhe Z[b fh[Z_e
7f[hjkhW Z[ bW CWdk[b ÎblWh[p" W d i_d \[Y^W 9eb_cW38c\o :XiYXaXc 9\iY\i
/
k d]u qj] ba_d] lna_eo]( je _an_]j] ] hk lna_eok( l]n] o]^an _q j`k oa ]^nen _kilhap]iajpa ah jqark _]nneh `a h] =raje`] I]jqah ãhr]nav `ah _ajpnk( aj ah iqje_elek `a Rehh] `a ãhr]nav( mqa peaja iaoao aj h] mqa d] aop]`k ln _pe_]iajpa _kj_hqe`]* Ejbkni]_e j kpknc]`] lkn ah D* =uqjp]ieajpk `a ?khei]( ] pn]r o `a oq kÚ_ej] fqn `e_]( ej`e_ mqa aopa _kjÛe_pk aop]^] `aopej]`k ] _kj_hqenoa ]h iajko d]_a qj l]n `a iaoao( oej ai^]nck( h] lnklea) p]ne] `ah je_k lna`ek mqa b]hp] lkn atlnkle]n l]n] paniej]n `a ]^nen pkp]hiajpa aop] ]raje`]( oa d] ]il]n]`k aj `ko k_]oekjao* H] Úni] `a h] atlnkle]_e j( p]jpk `a l]npa `ah =uqjp]ieaj) pk `a ?khei] _kik lkn l]npa `ah ck^eanjk aop]p]h( u] aop j heop]o( lkn hk mqa ah je_k laj`eajpa l]n] mqa oa lqa`] paniej]n lkn ]^nen aop] ]raje`] ao ah ]il]nk mqa peaja h] `qa ] `a aopa pannajk l]n] arep]n mqa oa afa_qpa h] at) lnkle]_e j* Hk mqa o oa ajb]pev bqa ah da_dk `a mqa `e_d] lanokj] Îna_e^en j okh]iajpa qj] _ki) lajo]_e j lkn h] atlnkle]_e j( p]h _kik hk i]n_] h] hau7 ] pk`]o h]o `ai o lanokj]o oa hao l]c qj] _]jpe`]` `a `ejank _kik oe bqan] qj] _kiln]Ï( ieajpn]o mqa h] _kilajo]_e j ao qj] _ebn] ^]op]jpa iajkn ] hk mqa oa l]c lkn hko `ai o pannajko* Knecej]hiajpa( aop] ]raje`] `a^e d]^an oe`k ]^eanp] ] h] _en) _qh]_e j ]jpao `ah Új `a pneajek `a Bahela ?nqv ?]hr]nek( at ]h_]h`a rehh]hr]najoa( mqa lnapaj` ] _kj) _hqen oq oacqj`k lanek`k _kik a`eh _kj aop] k^n] re]h( l]n] ]cehev]n ah `ajok pn Ú_k rade_qh]n mqa _en_qh] `e]ne]iajpa lkn aop] nqp]* .& I;H=?E 9;HL7DJ;I
CkY^ei Z[ [bbei ied [d [b J[hY[h 7d_bbe F[h_\ h_Ye
7kc[djWd [b jh|ÅYe o bei Y^egk[i [d L_bbW Z[ ÎblWh[p 9eb_cW38c\o :XiYXaXc 9\iY\i
&
h @ena_pkn `a Pn joepk u Re]) he`]` `a Rehh] `a ãhr]nav( Fko I]n ] Rajac]o Knpev( aola_eÚ_ mqa ah pn Ú_k rade_qh]n d] ]qiajp]`k _kjoe`an]^haiajpa aj aopa iqje_elek( lkn hk mqa p]i) ^e j d]j ]qiajp]`k ah j iank `a ]__e`ajpao aj hko _nq_anko i o _kj_qnne`ko( `a^e`k ] h] b]hp] `a a`q_]_e j re]h `a iq_dko ]qpk) ikreheop]o* H]o ]raje`]o lkn h]o mqa ah Ûqfk rade_qh]n Îd] ]qiajp]`k ^]op]j) paÏ aj Rehh] `a ãhr]nav okj lkn ah
Pan_an =jehhk Laneb ne_k( h] =raje`] I]jqah ?hkqpdean( lkn >ajepk Fq ) nav( L]^hk Oehr]( I]jqah ãhr]nav( u h] =raje`] Pa_jkh ce_k7 Îd]u ]raje`]o lkn `kj`a d]j l]o]`k iq_dko ]__e`ajpao( lkn lanokj]o mqa jk i]jaf]j ]`a_q]`]iajpa( lna_eo]iajpa aj ah _nq_a `a ?]niaj Oan` j _kj h] F* Ian_a` ?]^nan]( u lkn ah Pan_an =jehhk Laneb ne_kÏ( atlhe_ Rajac]o Knpev* Lkn hko naceopnko mqa oa peajaj( h] i]ukn ] `a hko ]__e`ajpao mqa okj lkn h] _]hha ?]niaj Oan` j d]j oe`k lkn hko ikpk_e_heop]o( Îmqa ]^qo]j `a h] rahk_e`]`( jk mqeanaj
ajpaj`an( ]o mqa r]iko ] pki]n kpn]o ia`e`]oÏ( ej`e_ * I]jebaop mqa u] d] d]^h]`k _kj hko lnkleap]neko `a ]hcqjko jack_eko( Îu ah lnk^hai] ao mqa iq_dko `a ahhko okj ailha]`ko pailkn]hao( u iq_dko `a ahhko j]`] i o `af]j ]d ah rad _qhk( u oa r]j( u ah lnkleap]nek ] ra_ao jk oa `] _qajp] `a mqa peajaj ejbn]__ekjao d]op] mqa r]j ] l]) c]n ]hcqj] kpn] iqhp]( ]d oa `]j _qajp] `a mqa peajaj r]ne]o( u hk mqa aop]iko d]_eaj`k ao mqa oe jk l]c]j h]o iqhp]o( jk `af]iko o]hen ah rad _qhkÏ*
BW cWoeh W Z[ bei WYY_Z[dj[i ied feh bW YWbb[ 9|hc[d I[hZ|d0 L[d[]Wi Ehj p @ajpnk `a h]o _]hhao `ah iq) je_elek d]j aop]`k eilhaiaj) p]j`k lnkcn]i]o re]hao `ao`a pailn]j] a`]`( Îhko je ko aop j hhar]j`k a`q_]_e j re]h( u _kik mqa h] cajpa aop hhar]j`k i o _kj_eaj_e]Ï( `efk( ]qjmqa mqe) ok oan _h]nk aj mqa( oac j oqo _ h_qhko( Îah 3, lkn _eajpk `a hko ]__e`ajpao okj lkn b]hp] `a a`q_]_e j re]hÏ*
Aj _q]jpk ]h ]jqj_ek `a h] ]h_]h`ao] >naj`] Cqpe nnav Rac] `a mqa d]^n ] pnao l]pnqhh]o jqar]o l]n] ]cajpao `a pn joepk Îah j iank `a l]pnqhh]o r] ] ]qiajp]n( aok jko r] ] ]uq`]n ] i]jpajan h] oacqne`]` re]h `a h] _eq`]`( u pajaiko lanokj]h mqa oa aop lnal]n]j`k aj h] ]_]`aie]( okj `eav ahaiajpko mqa r]j ] nacnao]n u jko r] ] laniepen iafkn]n ah oeopai] `a receh]j_e] re]hÏ* .&
`k[l[i ') Z[ CWoe Z[ (&'&
$PMJNB
?dWk]khWhed `ehdWZWi ºBe]hei Z[b =eX_[hde <[Z[hWb [d 9eb_cW»
º:[X[cei jhWXW`Wh feh [b Z[iWhhebbe» <EJEI0 J7F?HE
7djed_e CehWb[i Z[ bW mqa hko na_qnoko l ^he_ko( hko lnk)
F[ W i[ fhedkdY_ feh bW kd_ d Z[ \k[hpWi feh [b X_[d Z[ 9eb_cW
DWY^e F[hWbjW i[ lejW
feh kdW dk[lW feb j_YW ÅiYWb Z[ jhWXW`e i_d Yebeh[i fWhj_Z_ijWi 9eb_cW3<c`qXY\k_ :Xjk`ccf D e[\q
%
]`k mqa bknp]ha_an ah _na) _eieajpk `a h] ajpe`]` u ]p]_]n `a n] v lnk^hai]o `a h] lk^nav]( ejoacqne`]` u h] b]hp] `a klknpqje`]`ao l]n] hko _kheiaj) oao( okj hko lnej_el]hao k^faperko `ah ck^eanjk ba`an]h aj ?khei]( ah lnk_qn]`kn ba`an]h `ah ?kjoqie) `kn( =jpkjek Ikn]hao `a h] La ]( oa lnkjqj_e lknmqa Îpk`]o h]o bqanv]o lkh pe_]o $mqa _kjrancaj aj h] ajpe`]`% aj_kjpnaiko lqjpko `a ]_qan`k u pn]^]faiko fqjpko l]n] i]jpajan h]o _kj`e_ekjao `a ck^anj]^ehe`]` i jei]o( mqa lnk) le_eaj ah `ao]nnkhhk a_kj ie_k u qj ajpknjk ok_e]h i o fqopkÏ* @qn]jpa h] ej]qcqn]_e j `a h] fknj]`] ejbkni]per]6 ÎHkcnko `ah ck^eanjk ba`an]h aj ?khei]Ï( ah at `elqp]`k ba`an]h `efk mqa hko bqj_ekj]neko ba`an]hao peajaj h]o ejopnq__ekjao lna_eo]o ajo]j_d]n hko _]j]hao `e hkck u `a _kh]^kn]_e j ejpanejopepq_ekj]h( l]n] c]n]jpev]n
ua_pko u lnkcn]i]o ok_e]hao u h]o k^n]o `a ejbn]aopnq_pqn] hhacqaj ] hko _kheiajoao* NaÚne mqa ah c]n]jpev]n ah ^eaj) aop]n ok_e]h u h] ck^anj]^ehe`]` ao qj] naolkjo]^ehe`]` _kil]npe`] `a hko pnao jerahao `a ck^eanjk* =cnac mqa _kik l]npa `a hko hkcnko ]h_]jv]`ko lkn h] ]`iejeopn]_e j ba`an]h( ?khei] k_ql] ah - lneian hqc]n ] jerah j]_ekj]h aj aol]_eko b oe_ko ao_kh]nao Lkn oq l]npa( Lan]hp] O j_dav oa lnkjqj_e lkn qj jqark ba`an]) heoik( aj ah mqa hko pnao jerahao `a ck^eanjk pn]^]faj oej _khknao l]npe) `eop]o l]n] hhar]n i o ^ajaÚ_eko ] h] cajpa* U lh]jpa h] ja_aoe`]` `a mqa oa eilqhoa qj] lkh pe_] Úo_]h u `a `eopne^q_e j `a hko na_qnoko( oa `a qj] i]jan] i o aÚ_eajpa l]n] mqa pajc] qj i]ukn eil]_pk aj hkcn]n qj] iafkn ] aj h] _]he`]` `a re`] `a h] lk^h]_e j* Aj h] atlkoe_e j mqa ikjp]nkj h]o `ahac]_ekjao ba`an]hao( aj ah f]n` j He^anp]`( nao]hp h] h]^kn mqa aj i]pane] `a o]hq`( a`q_]_e j u `ao]nnkhhk ok_e]h mqa d] da_dk ah ck^eanjk ba`an]h aj h] ajpe`]`( ]o _kik h]o ]__ekjao `a oacqne`]` u `a _ki^]pa ]h j]n_kpn Ú_k* Ao `a iaj_ekj]n mqa aj i]) pane] `a `ao]nnkhhk ok_e]h oa d]j ejranpe`k 552 iehhkjao `a laoko( oeaj`k h] ]paj_e j ] h]o b]iehe]o aj lk^nav] atpnai] u ] hko ]`qh) pko `a 3, ] ko( hko oa_pknao aj ` j`a i o lnaoqlqaopk oa d] afan_e`k* .D
;b (& o (' Z[ cWoe [d [b J[Wjhe Kd_l[hi_jWh_e
9[b[XhWh|d 9ed]h[ie DWY_edWb Z[ CWha[j_d] 9eb_cW3@mfee\ 9XiXaXj
;d bW [nfei_Y_ d h[iWbjWhed bWi bWXeh[i [d cWj[h_W Z[ iWbkZ" [ZkYWY_ d" bkY^W Wb dWhYe o Z[iWhhebbe ieY_Wb [d [b [ijWZe
ah k^faperk `ah arajpk Ì]`ai o `a oanren l]n] _kilhaiajp]n h] bkni]_e j `a hko bqpqnko ian_]` ) hkckoÍao ]^nen jqar]o kl_ekjao ] hko lnkbaoekj]hao _na]perko mqa oa d]j bkni]`k aj ah aop]`k6 Î= ra_ao raiko mqa h]o ailnao]o reajaj ] ?khei]( lank reajaj u] _kj pk) `ko oqo l]mqapao `a lq^he_e`]` u d]j `aolh]v]`k ] h]o ailnao]o `a jqaopnk aop]`kÏ( naÛatekj * =qjmqa h] iafkn lq^he_e`]` ao ]mqahh] mqa r] `a ^k_] aj ^k_]6 h] `a _heajpao o]peoba_dko mqa na_k) ieaj`]j `apaniej]`k oanre_ek( p]i^e j oa `a^aj na_qnnen ] p _je_]o i]oer]o l]n] d]_an lq^he_e`]`*
] rajp] `a qj lnk`q_pk ao naoqhp]`k( jk o hk `a oq _]he) `]` aj o ( oejk `a h] aopn]pace] `a lq^he_e`]` mqa oa qpehev l]n] lkoe_ekj]nhk* ?khei] oan oa`a `ah R ?kjcnaok J]_ekj]h `a I]ngapejc
?kjatekjao( lq^he_e`]` u i]ngapejc mqa oa _aha^n]n ah ., u .- `a i]uk aj ah Pa]pnk Qjeranoep]nek7 ah arajpk ao knc]jev]`k lkn aopq`e]jpao `a h] ao_qah] `a ian_]`kpa_je] `a h] Q`a?* B het Nkcahek Bhknao( `ena_pkn `ah lh]jpah knc]jev]`kn( ]oacqn mqa
9eb_cW3D`c\e`f
;d i[i_ d Z[ 9WX_bZe
%
;djh[]Whed h[YedeY_c_[djei W eh]Wd_icei Z[ijWYWZei
-
qn]jpa h] oaoe j `a ?]^eh`k aba_pq]`] aopa ` ]( ah lnaoe) `ajpa iqje_el]h `a ?khei]( Fko Ecj]_ek Lan]hp] O j_dav( ajpnac na_kjk_eieajpko ] _eq`]`]jko( knc]) jeoiko a ejopepq_ekjao _kheiajoao mqa oa `eopejcqeankj lkn oq h]^kn ok_e]h( pn]^]fk _kjop]jpa( `eo_elhej] u okhe) `]ne`]` dqi]j]7 _knnaolkj`eajpa ] hko iaoao `a ba^nank( i]nvk u ]^neh `a aopa ] k* Aj ah ]q`epknek ÎCn]h* I]jqah ãhr]) navÏ( na_e^eankj na_kjk_eieajpk lkn ah iao `a ba^nank ]h lnao^ opank Ne_]n`k R vmqav H]n] ?ajpajk( lkn oq h]^kn ] b]rkn `a hko i o `aolnkpace`ko( kne) cej]j`k k^n]o `a lnkik_e j ok_e]h7
] I]n ] Hqeo] Ckjv hav =j`n ( lkn _na]n h] ejopepq_e j =h^]pnko ?ajpnk `a @ao]nnkhhk Ejpacn]h7 ]o _kik ] h] ?nqv Nkf]( lkn oan qj] ejopepq_e j `a _]n _pan rkhqjp]nek u jk hq_n]per]* ?knnaolkj`eajpa ]h iao `a i]n) vk( na_e^eankj na_kjk_eieajpk A`c]n Bn]j_eo_k Becqank] Cqpe nnav( lkn oq `aop]_]`k aol nepq `a oanre_ek( l]n) pe_el]j`k aj ah nao_]pa `a lanokj]o lkn ]ena( peann] u i]n7 Nkoo]j] ?]nne) hhk Ranc]n]( lkn oan qj] ailnao]ne]
atepko] mqa cajan] _]oe -,, ailhako `ena_pko( aj oq i]ukn ] ] iqfanao7 u ? nep]o ?khei]( lkn oan qj] ejopepq) _e j jk hq_n]per] `a h] ok_ea`]` _ereh mqa lnaop] oanre_ek `a ]oeopaj_e] u `a lnkik_e j dqi]j]* Aj _q]jpk ]h iao `a ]^neh( na_e^ea) nkj na_kjk_eieajpk ?a_ehek Okhknek ?anr]jpao( lkn oq pn]^]fk ]h bnajpa `a h] ejopepq_e j ÎQj L]ok D]_e] h] Na_q) lan]_e jÏ( ]h^ancqa lani]jajpa l]n] r]nkjao ]`e_pko7 I]n ] Eo]^ah Caknca
ÎAopa ao qj ikiajpk l]n] ]_an_]noa _kj hko _kjoqhpknao u lk`an `eo_anjen lnk^hai pe_]o u aop]^ha_an _kjoafko mqa hao laniep]j iafkn]n aj h] lq^he_e`]` `a oqo knc]jev]_ekjao a ej_hqok l]n] hko aopq`e]jpao `a ^]_dehhan]pk mqa mqean]j ran _q h ao ah bqpqnk `a h]o _]nnan]o `a ian_]`kpa_je]Ï( _kj_hqu Nkcahek Bhknao* Aopa ?kj) cnaok J]_ekj]h( c]n]jpev ( peaja ah jerah `a hko iafknao _kjcnaoko aj h] i]pane] mqa oa d]j na]hev]`k aj kpn]o ajpe`]`ao `a h] Nal ^he_]* Lq^he_e`]` ejpan]_per]( chk^]h i]ngapejc( ejpahecaj_e] aik_ekj]h( na`ao ok_e]hao u i]ngapejc lkh pe_k
oan j ]hcqjko `a hko p le_ko mqa oa ]^kn`]n j aj aopa _kjcnaok( ej) bkni]nkj Hknaj] R]h`av H]neko u =ne]j] Cqannank( knc]jev]`kn]o `ah arajpk* Ah _kjcnaok( `enece`k ] qj] ]i) lhe] c]i] `a l ^he_k Ì_kiqje) _]`knao( `eoa ]`knao( lq^he_eop]o( ian_]` hkcko( ]`iejeopn]`knao u _kjp]`knaoÍ aop _kjbkni]`k lkn h] lkjaj_e] `a `k_a _kjbanaj_eop]o( _ej_k p]hhanao u `ko arajpko ok_e]hao* Na ja ] i]n_]o u ailnao]o _kik Cah]pejj]( ?kjoqhp] Iepkbogu( Hq) j]ra( Ejpah u I ] ?na]perko* Ah ?kjcnaok peaja qj _kopk `a 31, u 1,, laoko*.D
Cqvi j( lkn oq h]^kn `a ]paj`an u ]uq`]n ] hko je ko i o ]hh `a oqo ]_pere`]`ao ao_kh]nao7 u h] ejopepq_e j ÎOecqa =`ah]jpa( oeailna d]u qj] HqvÏ( ]h^ancqa mqa kbna_a ]uq`] ] lanokj]o mqa oqbnaj _ j_an u jk _qajp]j _kj na_qnoko l]n] l]c]n oq aop]j_e] aj h] _eq`]` `qn]jpa oq pn]p]ieajpk* Lkn kpn] l]npa( _kik l]npa `a h] oaoe j `a ?]^eh`k( hko nace`knao ]lnk^]nkj ah `e_p]iaj mqa ]qpknev] h] lnklqaop] `a ejranoe j `ah Lnkcn]) i] Klan]perk =jq]h .,-,( N]ik //( Bkj`ko EEE u ER* P]i^e j bqa ]lnk^]`k ah `e_) p]iaj mqa ]qpknev] ankc]n d]op] lkn 144 ieh 140 laoko ER= ej_hqe`k( l]n] h] _kjpn]p]_e j `a i]mqej]ne] l]n] h] _kil]_p]_e j `a ^]oqn] aj
h] jqar] _ah`] `ah Nahhajk O]jep]nek Iapnklkhep]jk* @a ecq]h bkni]( hko nace`knao ]lnk) ^]nkj `erano]o okhe_epq`ao l]n] rajp] u _kjoqik `a _anrav]( ]o _kik `a rejko u he_knao* Kpnk bqa ah nah]perk ] h] na]hev]_e j `a `erano]o pn]jobanaj_e]o lnaoqlqaop]hao `a r]ne]o `ena__ekjao `ah =uqjp]ieajpk* Aj ]oqjpko cajan]hao( ah nace`kn ãjcah @qa ]o >]n]f]o lnklqok qj lqjpk `a ]_qan`k mqa bqa ]lnk^]`k( l]n] mqa `qn]jpa qj iao( h] _kkn`ej]_e j `a Lnkpa__e j ?ereh aj ah Iqje_elek( `e) bqj`] kneajp]_e j u lnaraj_e j ok^na h]o ia`e`]o ] pki]n ]jpao( `qn]jpa u `aolq o `a hko `ao]opnao j]pqn]hao( `]`]o h]o _kj`e_ekjao `ah iqje_elek lnkle_e]o l]n] ao]o _kjpejcaj_e]o*.D
"DFOUPT
PQJOJuO
`k[l[i ') Z[ CWoe Z[ (&'&
;b_i[e 7bX[hje
3FTQVFTUB B 1BRVJUP % 3JWFSB
&
h i oe_k L]mqepk @ÑNeran] d] da_dk l ^he_k aopa _kiajp]nek ok^na ie _khqij] `a h] oai]j] l]o]`]6 D]_a lk_k na_e^ _kj `eo) cqopk qj ]np _qhk `a Aheoak =h^anpk $He_de l]n] oqo ]iecko%( _kjiaikn]j`k h] re`] u h] iqanpa `a Nkmqa @]hpkj( qj lkap] u cqannehhank o]hr]`kna k mqa _kj oqo bkck) oko lkai]o u ]__ekjao pn]p]^] `a Îhe^nap]nÏ $h ]oa hhar]n h] he^nap] `a n]_ekj]ieajpk% ] pk`] H]pejk]i ne_]* Lk_]o dkn]o i o p]n`a( ia hhac] qj] lape_e j `a Úni] l]n] qj] _]np] atece j`kha ]h jqark lnaoe`ajpa o]h) r]`kna k I]qne_ek Bqjao mqa `aopepqu] `a jk o mq _]nck aj oq ck^eanjk ] kpnk at cqannehhank hh]i]`k Fknca Iah j`av( lkn ah oqlqaopk ]oaoej]pk d]_a pnaejp] u _ej_k ] ko `ah ieoi oeik Nkmqa @]hpkj* ½Mq `eol]n]pa Hk mqa jk _kiajp] ah defk `a Aheoak @eack aj oq ao_nepk ao mqa aj ]mqa) hhko ` ]o ]_e]cko( ieajpn]o ah o]hr]`kna k ao_ne^ ] oqo at]_an^]`]o lkao ]o `a ]h]^]j) v] ]h i]nteoik( iehao `a _q^]jko( _da_ko( _kna]jko( d jc]nko( ]hai]jao( okre pe_ko u `ai o Îhe^nap]`koÏ `ah l]n] ok `a hko pn]^]) f]`knao ikn ]j aj ah l]na` j( aj ah CQH=C( ]dkc]`ko aj ah i]n k ]_ne^ehh]`ko ]h ^kn`a `ah iqnk `a >anh j( dquaj`k `ah ]^oqn`k oeopai] lkh pe_k u a_kj ie_k mqa @]hpkj u oqo oa_q]_ao mqan ]j eilkjan _kj oqo lka) i]o( laki]o( lnk^hai]o u ]n^epn]nea`]`ao aj pk`k ah iqj`k* ÎAj hko oapajp]( Nkmqa an] ah lkap] i]o oeil pe_k `ah iqj`kÏ( ]Úni] Aheoak =h^anpk aj oq `a_al_ekj]j) pa ]np _qhk* @ec]iko( ie mqane`k H]_deh(
;D F;J?J 9EC?Jx
ÕiYWh CWh_e 8[j[jW
6OJSTF P QFSFDFS¿ FT MB DVFTUJuO L]n] Jkn^anpk P]le] _kj pk`k ie ]cn]`a_eieajpk( ]`ien]_e j u _]ne k*
-
] lk`anko] u lknpajpko] i]) mqej]ne] aha_pkn]h hh]i]`] LNE( mqa lnareoe^haiajpa ]nnkhh]n ] oqo klkjajpao u hko ^knn]n `ah ao_aj]nek aj hko _kie_eko l]n] ck^anj]`kn `a -. aop]`ko( ] _aha^n]noa aj fqhek ln teik( lnk`q_en _kjoa_qaj_e]o ejia`e]p]o u ia`e]p]o mqa oqo klkoepknao `a^an ]j en _kjoe`an]j`k* = o]^an6 -* ?kj hko _]j`e`]pko mqa peaja l]n] h]o cq^anj]pqn]o( `elqp]_ekjao u ]h_]h` ]o( pk`ko lnk`q_pk `a qj] qje`]` mqa u] jk oa ra ]
@EH=
; CE
FWgk_je :½H_l[hW Z_Y[ ^WX[hi[ Z_i]kijWZe Wb b[[h c_ YebkcdW ieXh[ Hegk[ :Wbjed$ C[ ZW f[dW ik YecXWj_lW h fb_YW$ ;d c_ ef_d_ d" be d_Ye gk[ [nfb_YW ik jehh[dj[ Z[ _cfhef[h_ei [i gk[ [b Z_h[Yjeh Z[ ehgk[ijW" jWcX_ d [iYh_jeh YkXWde" dkdYW ^W b[ Ze bei fe[cWi Z[ Hegk[ d_ YedeY[ dWZW Z[ ik l_ZW
BW kd_ d Z[b F7D o [b FH: Yed [b FH? [d (&'( i[h W bW fei_X_b_ZWZ Z[ WbYWdpWh bW kd_ZWZ" bW YedYehZ_W o bW fWp gk[ dkdYW ^W i_Ze fei_Xb[ fWhW [ij[ Wjh_XkbWZe fW i
9>
mqa na_qan`k iqu ^eaj ]mqah peailk aj mqa Ch]q^an Nk_d]( @]jeah Recheappe( @]jju Neran]( Nkmqa @]hpkj u kpnko pqneop]o `a narkhq_ekjao ]faj]o oa e^]j `a _qi^]j) _d]( a^neko `a nkj( iqh]p]o u ok_e]heoik pnkle_]h lkn h]o `al]qlan]`]o _]hhao `a H] D]^]j] `a hko oapajp]* U p]i^e j d]u mqa na_kn`]n mqa _q]j`k @]hpkj( u] bqa) n] `a ?q^]( na_e^a ah ^]h]vk ] pn]e_e j `a i]jko `a oq lnkle] cajpqv] aj ah ] k 31( u] ah ?da Cqar]n] hhar]^] $cn]_e]o ] @eko u ] h] ?E=% k_dk ] ko bqan] `a _en_qh]_e j( `aolq o `a ]oaoej]n oej fqe_ek ] _eajpko `a jqaopnko _kil]pnekp]o aj h] bknp]hav] `a H] ?]^] ]( ] jki^na `a h] e`ekpav mqa pq lkap])_kia`e]jpa u kpnko l]u]oko `ah ieoik _en_k lnk_h]i]^]j _kik ran`]` ]^okhqp]* La`nk Hqeo >kepah d]^ ] `]`k oq re`] aj dqahc] `a d]i^na aj -53.( u _]oe pk`]o h]o b]iehe]o _q^]j]o Íajpna ahh]o h] i ]Í aop]^]j u] `ere`e`]o lkn h] iqanpa( h] haf]j ]( h] lneoe j( h] pknpqn] u ah l je_k `ao`a -515* = k b]p `e_k aj mqa PQ b]iehe]( ie mqane`k He_de( ennaolkjo]^haiajpa oa `a_e`e ] Îao_ne^en l]n] aop] cajpaÏ( _kik p ieoik _qajp]o aj pq he^nk Ejbknia _kjpn] i ieoik* ¼Aj mq mqa`]iko He_de; P o]^ao p]j ^eaj _kik uk mqa p]jpk ah Û]i]jpa lnaoe`ajpa Bqjao _kik ah p]h oa kn Fknca Iah j`av( oqlqaopk ]oaoejk `a @]hpkj( okj pk`ko deaj]o `a h] ieoi] _]i]`]( _kik hk bqa pq okoepk @]hpkj( u _kik hk bqankj aj oq ` ] hko mqa $baheviajpa% ]fqope_e]nkj
aj ah lneeoik( j]`ea ]lqaop] ] mqa ah L=J k ah LN@( k aj ]he]jv]( lqa`]j ]h_]jv]n qj okhk pneqjbk* Ah LRAI( LP( ?kjrancaj_e] u L]j]h fqac]j ] c]j]n _kj hko cn]j`ao* .* Aoa lnk_aok oan h] laj hpei] b]oa `a na_kjopnq__e j `ah LNE7 ao `a_en( rkhran ] oan h] ejopepq_e j lkh pe_k)aha_pkn]h ranpe_]h( dknevkjp]h( pkp]h7 mqa aop aj pk`ko h]`ko( mqa ao l]npa `a h] _qhpqn] `ah iate_]jk u mqa( laoa ] hko iq_dko annknao `a oqo ck^anj]jpao( ao lnabane`] naola_pk `a h]o `ai o* /* ?kj ah pneqjbk `a Î_]nnk _kilhapkÏ( `a Îpk`]o( pk`]oÏ( mqa aop bn]cq]j`k _kj ^]oa aj h] _kdaoe j _kik i ope_]( ah LNE i]j) paj`n k na_kjmqeop]n h] i]ukn l]npa `ah lk`an lkh pe_k `ah l] o( hk mqa recknev]n oq aopnq_pqn]( oq lnaoaj_e] u oq _kjÚ]jv]* 0* Aj .,-- d]^n kpn]o aha__ekjao eilkn) p]jpao( ajpna h]o mqa Úcqn]j h] `a ck^anj]`kn aj ah Aop]`k `a I te_k7 oan ] eilajo]^ha mqa _kj ah ]jpa_a`ajpa `a qj] ]l]^qhh]jpa re_pkne] ]h_]jv]`] aopa ] k lan`ean] ao] lkoe_e j* @a aop]o _kjoe`an]_ekjao oecqa qj] lna) cqjp] h ce_] u k^hec]`]6 ¼_kj mq u+k _kj mqe j oa r]j ] lnaoajp]n ah L=J u ah LN@ aj h] _]nnan] lkn h] Lnaoe`aj_e] aj .,-.;
] I]`]i I]k( ] >ane] u ]h ieoan]) ^ha ao^ennk `a Fko =^n]jpao aj ?q^]( u ] mqeajao lkn hk iajko d]u mqa ]cn]`a_an ah d]^an o]_]`k `ah _]iejk ] qjko _q]jpko ]pknn]j) pao7 aj aopa _]ok qjk iqu cn]_ekok u ]np ope_k oac j p ( lank je iafkn je lakn mqa hko `ai o* Lkn kpn] l]npa( oacqnk mqa lk_ko( lank mqa iqu lk_ko `a hko mqa ia le`aj dku Ún) i]n aopa _]np] aj _kjpn] `ah leopkhank Fknca Ia) h j`av( Úni]nkj h] mqa d]_a lk_k oa devk aj ]lkuk `a Knh]j`k V]l]p]( oq i]`na u h]o r]heajpao @]i]o `a >h]j_k* @a hk mqa o rerk _kjraj_e`k ao `a mqa je Iah j`av( je Bqjao( je iq_dk iajko Nkmqa @]hpkj dq) ^ean]j Úni]`k f]i o qj `k_qiajpk _kik aoa* Lkn hk p]jpk( mqa oa i]paj ajpna ahhko He_de* Iafkn* Jk pa iap]o aj ao] ^nkj_]* @ f]hao aok ] hko bqne^qj`ko _de_ko `ah B]) n]^qj`k* ¼Ao mqa jk ajpeaj`ao mqa ] Új `a _qajp]o( pk`ko ahhko jk d]j oe`k i o mqa _ ilhe_ao `a jqaopn] `aocn]_e]; ¼K ao mqa ] j pa d]_a b]hp] kpnk ejbknia i o _kjpn] pe ieoik; L]mqepk @ÑNeran]* op] ao ie naolqaop]6 Bn]j_eo_k `a Fao o Neran] $L]mqepk @ÑNeran] l]n] oqo ]`ien]`k) nao( ajpna hko mqa ia _qajpk% `e_a d]^anoa `eocqop]`k ]h haan ie _khqij] ok^na Nkmqa @]hpkj* = i ( lkn ah _kjpn]nek( ia `] laj] oq _ki^]per] n lhe_]* Aj ie kleje j( hk je_k mqa atlhe_] oq pknnajpa `a eilnklaneko ao mqa ah o]tkbkjeop]( _h]nejapeop]( `ena_pkn `a knmqaop]( p]i^e j ao_nepkn u jkraheop] _q) ^]jk( jqj_] d] ha `k hko lkai]o `a Nkmqa je _kjk_a j]`] `a oq re`]* P]ilk_k `a oq iqanpa* Ah defk `ah caje]h _kj_anpeop] Pepk @ÑNeran] ]lnkra_d] h] klknpqje`]` l]n] _qaopekj]n ] ie b]iehe] u ] ie lanokj]* Aop aj oq `ana_dk* U uk aj ah i k `a ecjkn]nhk* H] aopqle`av ao bn ceh* LnaÚank ao_q_d]n `a jqark oq `eo_k Pda F]vv ?d]i^an Pnek( _kj ah rekhkj_daheop] I]ng Oqiian u =hkj U]r) j]e( ]h le]jk* H]o cn]^]_ekjao `a L]mqepk ia d]j ]_kil] ]`k ] hk h]nck `a 3 ieh jk_dao `a atehek Íoej _kjp]n kpn]o p]jp]o aj H] D]^]j]* Aok d]ck( ieajpn]o nahak ] Nkmqa* .D
¼R]j ] _kjpaj`an l]n] mqa oq l]npe_el]) _e j oa] ian]iajpa paopeikje]h( ]r]h `a qj pneqjbk lneeop] mqa oa ]revkn] ej`q`]^ha( ]ilhek( _kjpqj`ajpa; @a aoa ajeci]( ennaokhq^ha ] aop] `eop]j_e] `a h] _ep] aj h]o qnj]o( ah l]jeoik u ah lanna) `eoik peajaj mqa lh]jpa]noa h] `eouqjper] `a klkj noaha ]h LNEÅ k qj noaha* Oe oeaj`k _kik ]cq] u ]_aepa oa d]j iav) _h]`k aj r]ne]o ajpe`]`ao l]n] Îd]_an h] `aik_n]_e]Ï7 oe l]n] ahhk d]j lkopqh]`k ] lneeop]o7 oe `e_aj hq_d]n lkn hk ieoik mqa ah LNE( hao `a^a mqa`]n iqu _h]n] h] iafkn ]hpanj]per]* Pki]nh] oan ] hk ejpahecajpa u( ] h] rav( h] lkoe^ehe`]` `a ]h_]jv]n h] qje`]`( h] _kj) _kn`e] u h] l]v mqa jqj_] d] oe`k lkoe^ha l]n] aopa ]pne^qh]`k l] o* Qjenoa k lana_anÅ ao] ao h] _qaope j*
Iejje leY[ Oej _kjpn]peailko ah LNE c]j]n h] i]ukn l]npa `a hko ]uqjp]ieajpko mqa oa `eolqp]) n j ah ln teik `kiejck aj Uq_]p j( ai) lav]j`k lkn I ne`]( _kj =jc he_] =n]qfk H]n]* Oan kpnk bqanpa Înarano]vkÏ l]n] ah L=J* .D Z_aed(&&'6oW^ee$Yec$cn
`k[l[i ') Z[ CWoe Z[ (&'&
97D9?ED;HE
9eb_cW
=b[dZW B_X_[h CWZh_]Wb Jhk`_bbe
< b_n 9ehj i 9WcWh_bbe
"MMf FO MB GVFOUF IBCpB VO DIPSSJUP
)
]_a qjko .1 ] ko ia pk_ l]npe_el]n aj ah `ao]nnkhhk `a qj lnkua_pk ok ]`kn u cn]j`ekok mqa lnapaj` ] pn]jobkni]n h] cakcn]b ] `ah jknpa `ao npe_k `a jqaopnk l] o* Oa pn]p]^] `a pn]oh]`]n ajkniao _]jpe`]`ao `a ]cq] `ao`a h] _qaj_] `a R]j_kqran( aj h] ?khki^e] >nep je_]( d]op] h] ^]f] ?]hebknje] u Okjkn]* Oa pn]p]^] lkn qj h]`k `a ]lnkra_d]n hko na_qnoko ]_q banko `ah oqnkaopa _]j]`eajoa u `]nha qok ] hko geh iapnko `a pq^ko `a ]_ank mqa h] _neoeo lapnkhan] i]jpaj ] k_ekoko aj I te_k* ?q]j`k oqnceankj hko lkpaj_e]hao k^op _qhko ^qnk_n pe_ko mqa jack_e]n _kj h]o haceoh]_ekjao u hko ck^eanjko `a _q]pnk( arajpq]hiajpa _ej_k aop]`ko `a jknpa]i ne_]( oa lajo aj pn]an ah ]cq] aj hko ^qmqao p]jmqa lapnkhanko mqa h] ieoi] _neoeo lapnkhan] i]jpa) j ] ]j_h]`ko* Oa hhac ] lajo]n aj ajkniao ^qn^qf]o `a lh ope_k l]n] pn]oh]`]n ah ]cq]* Bej]hiajpa( ah lnkua_pk oa ]^knp ( _kik p]jpko lnkua_pko cn]j`ekoko u h] vkj] `ao npe_] iate_]j] oecqa ]o * Deop ne_]iajpa( h]o cqann]o oa d]j lnk`q_e`k aj lko `a panne) pkneko k ^eajao i]pane]hao cajan]hiajpa iqu r]hekoko( k l]n] ik`ebe_]n ah _qnok `a h]o bnkjpan]o* L]n] i pajck mqa h]o ln te) i]o cn]j`ao cqann]o oan j lkn qj na_qnok mqa _kj bna_qaj_e] khre`]iko6 ah ]cq]* Ah ]oqjpk ao iqu oaj_ehhk( _kik jko ajoa ]nkj aj h] oa_qj`]ne]6 h] i]pane] jk oa _na] je oa `aopnqua( oeilhaiajpa oa pn]jobkni]* @a aop] i]jan]( h] _]jpe`]` `a ]cq] `a h] mqa `eolkja ah lh]jap] ao lani]jajpaiajpa h] ieoi]( ]qjmqa lkn ikiajpko oa lna) oajpa aj bkni] `a ch]_e]nao( jq^]nnkjao( n ko( hhqre]( k_ ]jko( lh]jp]o k ]jei]hao _quko _qanlko( oa o]^a( aop j _kjopepqe`ko bqj`]iajp]hiajpa `a ]cq]* Hk mqa jk oa d] i]jpaje`k _kjop]jpa ao h] lk^h]_e j `a jqao) pnk lh]jap]7 _]`] rav okiko i o u _]`] rav p]n`]iko i o aj pn]jobkni]n jqaopnko _qanlko jqar]iajpa aj ]cq]* Namqaneiko `a i o u i o ]cq]* Qj] `a h]o l]n]`kf]o i o nkpqj`]o `ah `ao]nnkhhk dqi]jk ao mqa h] o]^e`qn ] mqa daiko lk`e`k `ao]nnkhh]n u h] _eaj_e] mqa `a ahh] oa `aner] jko laniepaj _kjk_an ] h] lanba__e j h] _kilkoe_e j `a hko `ko h mqe`ko rep]hao6 ah ]cq] u h] o]jcna* Jk okiko _]l]_ao( oej ai^]nck( `a b]^ne_]n ]npebe_e]hiajpa jejcqjk `a hko `ko* .D \[b_n$Yehj[i6ckbj_c[Z_ei$Yec
C_b[d_e 9eb_cW" FkXb_YWY_ d :_Wh_W W e + De$ '+&)$ CWoe ')" (&'& D c[he Z[ 9[hj_\_YWZe Z[ H[i[hlW ejeh]WZe feh [b ?dij_jkje DWY_edWb Z[ :[h[Y^ei Z[ 7kjeh0 [d jh|c_j[$ D c[he Z[ 9[hj_\_YWZe Z[ B_Y_jkZ Z[ 9edj[d_Ze0 [d jh|c_j[ D c[he Z[ 9[hj_\_YWZe Z[ B_Y_jkZ Z[ J jkbe0 [d jh|c_j[ Ejeh]WZei feh bW 9ec_i_ d 9Wb_\_YWZehW Z[ FkXb_YWY_ed[i o H[l_ijWi ?bki jhW ZWi Z[ bW I[Yh[jWh W Z[ =eX[hdWY_ d FkXb_YWZe o Z_ijh_Xk_Ze feh f[h_ Z_Ye C?B;D?E :?7H?E I$7$ Z[ 9$L$ :ec_Y_b_e Z[ bW ?cfh[i_ d o Fk Xb_ YW Y_ d0 7l[dW De$ '-" 9eb$ =hWd`Wi ;ic[hWbZW" 9$F$ &/.'&" C n_Ye :$<$ J[bi0 +*#*+#(/#./ :_i jh_ Xk Y_ d Kd_ d DW Y_e dWb Z[ ;n f[d Z[ Ze h[i Z[ F[h_ Z_Yei Z[ C n_Ye Fh[Y_e0 +$&& ;b Yed j[ d_ Ze Z[ bei Whj Yk bei [i h[ifediWX_b_ZWZ [nYbki_lW Z[ bei Wkjeh[i Je Zei bei Z[h[Y^ei [ij|d h[i[hlWZei Gk[ ZW fhe ^_ X_ ZW bW h[ fheZkYY_ d fWhY_Wb e je jWb Z[b cWj[h_Wb fkXb_YWZe i_d Yedi[dj_c_[d je feh [iYh_je Z[ bei [Z_ je h[i BW _d\ehcWY_ d Yedj[d_ZW ^W i_Ze eXj[d_ZW Z[ \k[dj[i gk[ i[ Yedi_Z[hWd \_Z[Z_]dWi$
1SPCMFNBT EF TBMVE
&
h jki^n]ieajpk `a =cqop j H]n] Aomqa`] _kik oa_nap]nek `a O] hq` u >eaja op ] n Ok_e]h `ah Ck^eanjk `ah Aop]`k naoqhp] qj ]_eanpk( lank ] h] rav oa _kjreanpa aj qjk `a hko arajpko mqa iana_aj `]n qj oacqeieajpk _kjpejqk u _an_]jk( `a^e`k ] mqa ah jqark bqj_ekj]nek `a h] ]`iejeopn]_e j aop]p]h hhac] ] qj] `a h]o na]o i o _kjp]iej]`]o lkh pe_]iajpa u iajko bqj_ekj]) hao klan]per]iajpa l]n] hko _khe) iajoao* H] Oa_nap]n ] `a O]hq` ao qj] `a h]o `alaj`aj_e]o mqa laknao naoqhp]`ko `ek aj h] ]`iejeopn]_e j ]jpanekn( aj_]^av]`] lkn Oehranek ?]r]vko* Lnk^hai]o _kik `ao]^]opk `a ia`e_]iajpko aj h]o b]ni]_e]o u _h je_]o `ah oa_pkn o]hq`( ]`aq`ko _kj lnkraa`knao mqa ] j jk d]j oe`k hemqe`]`ko( b]hp] `a pn]jol]) naj_e] aj h] he_ep]_e j `a _kjpn]pko lkn k^n]o u oanre_eko( u oac j hk atlqaopk lkn h] lnkle] he`anao] `ah oej`e_]pk `a pn]^]f]`knao `a ao] `alaj`aj_e]( at_aok aj h] _kjpn]p]) _e j `a pn]^]f]`knao `a _kjbe]jv]( hk mqa ] oq rav eile`a h] ]`mqeoe_e j `a amqelk i `e_k u i]pane]h `a _qn]_e j( ajpna kpn]o `a h]o p]jp]o _ko]o `a h]o mqa _]na_a ah oa_pkn l ^he_k `a o]hq` aj h] ajpe`]`( u mqa d]j _kjranpe`k ] h] `alaj`aj_e] aj qj ran`]`ank `ao]opna* Lkn ah _]i^ek `a aop]bap] aj h] pepqh]ne`]` `a O]hq` `ah Aop]`k( ] p]j pailn]j] dkn] `a aopa ck^eanjk( oa ]`reanpa mqa h] oanea `a _kjbhe_) pko ejpanjko( mqa _kjhhar]j ] qj] i]h] ]paj_e j `a hko oanre_eko u h] jk ]`a_q]`] ]lhe_]_e j `a hko lnkcn]i]o `a o]hq` l]n] hko _khe) iajoao( oecqa oeaj`k ah h]opna mqa _]nc] h] ]`iejeopn]_e j ]_pq]h u mqa jk lq`k naokhran ah ]jpanekn oa_nap]nek( O] h =`]ia* Lank h] Oa_nap]n ] `a O]hq` dana) `]`] lkn ah ]jpanekn ck^eanjk jk o hk peaja mqa ran _kj h] i]h] ]paj_e j u lnaop]_e j `a hko oanre_eko* Ah lnk^hai] peaja mqa ran _kj qj] l oei] ]`ie) jeopn]_e j `a na_qnoko bej]j_eanko( i]pane]hao u dqi]jko( lnk`q_pk `a mqa ] h] _]^av] jk oa pqrk ah pejk `a eilkjan ] qj atlanpk aj ah na]( oejk mqa oa klp lkn qj i `e_k iape`k ] h] bqj_e j l ^he_] u _kj ]olen]_ekjao lkh pe_]o( _kik bqa ah _]ok `a Fko O]h]v]n =re ]( mqeaj bej]hiajpa u `a^e`k ] oq l oeik `aoaila k( je oemqean] lq`k mqa) `]noa _kj h] lh]v] `a ^]oa mqa oa ]qpknev h ieoik qjko ` ]o ]jpao `a _kj_hqen oq lanek`k _kik oa_na) p]nek `a O]hq`*
9ece [d jeZe fheY[ie Z[ YWcX_e o cko fWhj_YkbWh [d ij[" 7]kij d BWhW j_[d[ Wdj[ i bW ]hWd jWh[W Z[" fh_c[he" h[eh]Wd_pWh bW I[Yh[jWh W Z[ IWbkZ" fed[h ehZ[d [d [b ]Wije o [d [b kie Z[ bei h[Ykhiei [Yed c_Yei o cWj[h_Wb[i
PQJOJuO
Oac j h] jkp] lq^he_]`] ]uan aj Iehajek ?khei]( ah jqark pepqh]n `a O]hq` na_e^a h] `alaj`aj_e] _kj qj] `aq`] oqlanekn ] hko _eaj iehhkjao `a laoko( ajpeaj`k mqa aopk oa `aner] `a h] oqi]pkne] `a h]o p]jp]o _qajp]o laj`eajpao mqa u] oa d]j lq^he_]`k ]jpanekniajpa aj aopa ieoik nkp]perk( nah]_ek) j]`]o _kj ]`aq`ko _kj lnkraa) `knao mqa lnaop]nkj oanre_eko u oqnp ]j ia`e_]iajpko( hk mqa `af] ran _h]n]iajpa mqa aj op]( _kik aj p]jp]o kpn]o `alaj`aj) _e]o `a h] ]`iejeopn]_e j aop]p]h ]jpanekn( lner ah `aokn`aj u qj] pkp]h b]hp] `a pn]jol]naj_e] aj ah qok `ah `ejank l ^he_k* ?kjkv_k h] _]nnan] ]o_aj`ajpa mqa d] paje`k =cqop j H]n] Aomqa`]( `ajpnk `ah oa_pkn l ^he_k aj i]pane] `a o]hq`* ?kik `ena_pkn `a Oanre_eko `a O]hq` aj ah ck^eanjk `a ?]nhko `a h] I]`ne` Rencaj( na]hev qj ^qaj l]lah( mqa ha laniepe _kjk_an h]o `ebanajpao na]o `a h] Oa_nap]n ] u ]h p niejk `a aoa i]j`]pk bqa ejrep]`k ] h] Oa_nap]n ] `a O]hq` `ah Ck^eanjk Ba`an]h `kj`a `aoaila `ebanajpao _]ncko aj na]o _kik ale`aiekhkc ]( jqpne_e j( ]paj_e j `ah ]`qhpk i]ukn( ap_ pan]* Ah jqark oa_nap]nek `a O]hq` _qajp] _kj hko _kjk_eieajpko oqbe_eajpao l]n] `ao) aila ]n qj _]nck `a lneian oeik kn`aj aj ah ck^eanjk `a ?khei]( lqao oa pn]p] `a lnk_qn]n h] o]hq` `a pk`ko u `a lnkikran qj] aba_) per] lnaraj_e j `a ajbania`]`ao ajpna hko _kheiajoao* ?kik aj pk`k lnk_aok `a _]i^ek u iqu l]npe_qh]n aj opa( =cqop j H]n] peaja ]jpa o h] cn]j p]na] `a( lneiank( naknc]jev]n h] Oa_nap]n ] `a O]hq`( lkjan kn`aj aj ah c]opk u aj ah qok `a hko na_qnoko a_kj ie_ko u i]pane]hao( ]o _kik aj h] bqj_e j aola_ be_] `ah lanokj]h ] oq _]nck* Ah naopk oa pn]p] je_]iajpa `a ]lhe_]n oqo _kjk_eieajpko a eilhaiajp]n h]o aopn]pace]o _knna_p]o l]n] mqa hko _kheiajoao ran`]`an]iajpa oa oeajp]j ]paj`e`ko u( p]h rav ]hc j ` ]( o]peoba_dko _kj hko oanre_eko l ^he_ko `a o]hq` mqa ah aop]`k hao kpknc]* @a ikiajpk( ]h bnajpa `a h] Oa_nap]n ] `a O]hq` mqa`] qj lnk) baoekjeop] mqa d] `aikopn]`k mqa o]^a `aoaila ]n oq pn]^]fk aj ah oa_pkn l ^he_k u mqa jk cqop] `a h] cnehh] je `a h] lkhepemqan ]* H]o lnacqjp]o okj oe =cqop j H]n] lk`n i]jpajanoa ]haf]`k `a hko ejpanaoao lkh pe_ko `a cnqlko( oe paj`n h] he^anp]` l]n] kn`aj]n ah _k_dejank aj h] Oa_nap]n ] `a O]hq`( u hqack lkjanoa ] d]_an oq pn]^]fk oej lnaoekjao ]faj]o ] hko _kilnkieoko ]`mqene`ko lkn h ieoik `a i]jan] l ^he_]* H]o naolqaop]o( _kj ah peailk* .&
D@C<E@F
`k[l[i ') Z[ CWoe Z[ (&'&
/BDJPOBM
C_d_ij[h_e ;Z_jeh0 'SBODJTDP (BSEVtP F Xb_Ye cf6c_b[d_eZ_Wh_e$Yec$cn
DEJ?C;N
;b \kdY_edWh_e \[Z[hWb o [b ]eX[hdWZeh Z[ bW [dj_ZWZ" ?icW[b >[hd|dZ[p :[hWi" [d [b WYje Y[b[XhWZe [d bWi _dijWbWY_ed[i YWijh[di[i
BW YWf_jWb Z[b [ijWZe" = c[p FWbWY_e o B[hZe ikiYh_X_[hed [b Yedl[d_e" gk[ i[ Yecfb[jWh| jhWi bWi [b[YY_ed[i Z[ W]eije
:khWd]e" fh_c[h [ijWZe [d \ehcWb_pWh bW feb_Y W d_YW Bk[]e Z[ bW Y[h[ced_W W fk[hjW Y[hhWZW [d bW '& PedW C_b_jWh" [b
i[Yh[jWh_e Z[ =eX[hdWY_ d" <[hdWdZe = c[p Cedj" Wi[]kh gk[ [b [igk[cW \ehjWb[Y[ bW YWfWY_ZWZ Z[b [ijWZe [d bW bkY^W Wdj_Yh_c[d :khWd]e3J`cm`X 8pXcX p Cl`j 8cXkfii\
&
h aop]`k `a @qn]jck oa _kjrenpe aj ah lneia) nk `ah l] o aj _kjp]n _kj qj] lkhe_ ] je_]* Hko ]uqjp]ieajpko `a C iav L]h]_ek( Han`k u @qn]jck _]lep]h okj hko lekjanko aj aopa ]i) ^e_ekok lnkcn]i]( ia`e]jpa ah _q]h hko ]cajpao iqje_el]hao bkni]n j l]npa `a h] _knlkn]_e j aop]p]h* Aj qj] _anaikje] hhar]`] ] _]^k ] lqanp] _ann]`] aj h] -, Vkj] Ie) hep]n( ah oa_nap]nek `a Ck^anj]_e j( Banj]j`k C iav Ikjp Ímqeaj ]paopecq h] Ú ni] `ah _kjrajek ajpna ah ck^eanjk aop]p]h u hko pnao ]uqjp]ieajpko i o eilknp]jpao `a h] ajpe`]`Í lna_eo mqa `a aop] bkni] @qn]jck ]r]jv] u bknp]ha_a oq hq_d] _kjpn] ah d]il]* H] lnklqaop] `a ej_knlkn]n h]o lkhe_ ]o iqje_el]hao aj qj i]j`k je_k aop]p]h bqa da_d] lkn h] ?kjbanaj_e] J]_ekj]h `a Ck^anj]`knao aj oq naqje j `a i]nvk l]o]`k( aj Ie_dk]_ j* H] e`a] `a eje_e]n _kj aopko pnao iqje_eleko( `kj`a oa _kj_ajpn] cn]j l]npa `a h] ]_pere`]` `ah ao) p]`k( ao `]nha qj] aopnq_pqn] o ) he`] ]h lnkua_pk( `a i]jan] mqa hko naop]jpao /2 ]uqjp]ieajpko `a @qn]jck lqa`]j ejpacn]noa oej i]uknao ok^nao]hpko*
= lao]n `a mqa aopa lnkcn]i] oan oqfapk `a qj] Îra`] aha_pkn]hÏ( h]o ]qpkne`]`ao hk_]hao aolan]j mqa oa _kilhapa ]jpao `ah /- `a ]ckopk( ba_d] aj mqa oa _]i^e] `a ]qpkne`]`ao iqje_el]hao* Hk ]jpanekn l]n] arep]n h]o _kilhe) _]_ekjao mqa oqlkja jack_e]n jqar]iajpa _kj ck^eanjko iq) je_el]hao ajpn]jpao* Aj ajank l]o]`k ah pepqh]n `a h] OOL ba`an]h( Caj]nk C]n_ ] Hqj]( `abaj`e h] _kjbkni]_e j `a h] lk) he_ ] je_] aj oq _kil]na_aj_e] ]jpa h] ? i]n] `a @elqp]`ko* Ah ]_pk `a ]uan aj h]o ejop]h]) _ekjao iehep]nao `ek eje_ek lk_k ]jpao `ah ia`ek` ] u paniej qj] dkn] u ia`e] i o p]n`a* ?q]j`k o]h ] `ah hqc]n( Banj]j`k C iav Ikjp ]oacqn mqa _kj h] Ú ni] `ah _kjrajek @qn]jck Î`] qj l]ok aoaj_e]h l]n] bknp]ha_an h]o ejopepq_ekjao lkhe_e]_]o u cajan]n i]ukn _]l]_e`]` `a naolqaop] aj ]__ekjao _kjpn] ah d]il]Ï* Ah bqj_ekj]nek aop]^ha_e mqa ]qj _q]j`k oa pn]p] `a qj cn]j l]ok( oa `a^a hhar]n ] _]^k qj `ap]hh]`k afan_e_ek `a nareoe j u receh]j_e] l]n] mqa ah pn joepk oa] ]`a_q]`k* ÎRak _kj oeil]p ] u aolan]j) v] ah lnk_aok `a _kjokhe`]_e j `a h]o _knlkn]_ekjao lkhe_e]_]o mqa oa aop `]j`k aj h] ajpe`]`( lank
P YbWl[i ;b ^ecXh[ \k[hj[ 9;b dk[le `[\[ Z[ bei feb_Y Wi ckd_Y_fWb[i Z[ bW YWf_jWb Z[ :khWd]e" 9_kZWZ B[hZe o = c[p FWbWY_e i[h| [b ][d[hWb h[j_hWZe LWb[dj d HecWde B f[p" j_jkbWh Z[ bW IIF Z[b [ijWZe$
9;b c_b_jWh h[YedeY_ gk[ bei W][dj[i ckd_Y_fWb[i de Yk[djWd Yed bW fh[fWhWY_ d d[Y[iWh_W fWhW ik dk[lW jWh[W" f[he WdkdY_ kd fhe]hWcW fWhW h[iWhY_h [ijW Y_hYkdijWdY_W$
9HecWde B f[p Wfkdj gk[ be fh_eh_jWh_e i[h| Yedijhk_h kd cWfW Z[b_Yj_le Z[ YWZW |h[W o Yed XWi[ [d [iW _d\ehcW# Y_ d fed[h [d cWhY^W kdW [ijhWj[]_W [if[Y Å YW YedjhW bW Z[b_dYk[dY_W eh]Wd_pWZW$
okj ao_aj]neko mqa paj`n j mqa raneÚ _]noa _kj iq_dk _qe`]`k u ]paj_e j `qn]jpa h]o ln tei]o oa) i]j]o u iaoaoÏ( `efk* ?q]j`k oa ha lnacqjp oe hko ]dkn] ]cajpao aop]p]hao _qajp]j _kj _]l]_e`]` u lnkbaoekj]hev]_e j l]n] ejpacn]noa ] p]na]o `a i]ukn naolkjo]^ehe`]`( C iav Ikjp bqa
ajb pe_k6 Î?kj aopk oa lqa`a `]n h] ]lhe_]_e j i o ejpahecajpa `a na_qnoko l ^he_ko u( ok^na pk`k( `a hko na_qnoko dqi]jkoÏ* Na_kn` p]i^e j mqa aj h] l]o]`] naqje j `a h] ?kj]ck( aj Ie_dk]_ j( h]o ]qpkne`]`ao aop]p]hao lanÚ h]nkj h] kl_e j `ah i]j`k je_k( hk mqa( ]oacqn ( laniepe) n ] hko ck^anj]`knao ]oqien h]o bqj_ekjao aj h] i]pane] `a bkni] i o aÚ _eajpa* Oej ai^]nck( ]`renpe mqa oa namqanen h] ik`eÚ _]_e j `a hauao aop]p]hao u ba`an]hao l]n] hkcn]n qj] lhaj] qjeÚ _]_e j `a _knlk) n]_ekjao lkhe_e]_]o* ÎH] hau _kjpailh] ]hcqjko ao) mqai]o `a _kkn`ej]_e j ajpna h]o ejop]j_e]o `a lk`an aj i]pane] `a oacqne`]`( lank oe d]^h]iko `a pn]jobanen _kilapaj_e]o( ]d o oa `a^aj ]jpalkjanoa h]o nabkni]o _kjopepq_ekj]hao*Ï Aj h] Ú ni] `ah `k_qiajpk aopqreankj lnaoajpao p]i^e j ah ck^anj]`kn `ah aop]`k( Eoi]ah Danj j`av @an]o( ah cajan]h Ike) o o Iahk C]n_ ] u ah lnk_qn]`kn aop]p]h( @]jeah C]n_ ] Ha]h*
D_d] d X[d[Å Y_e Aj C iav L]h]_ek u Han`k d]u 254 lkhe_ ]o lnarajperko u .14 kÚ _e]hao `a Pn joepk( mqa ] l]npen `a dku bkni]j l]npa `a h] _knlkn]_e j
aop]p]h* Oej ai^]nck( oq pn]joba) naj_e] jk eilhe_] lkn ah ikiajpk qj] iafkn] aj o]h]nek je aj _kj) `e_ekjao h]^kn]hao* Oqo oqah`ko ko_eh]j ajpna 2 ieh u 5 ieh laoko iajoq]hao( lank lan) oeopa h] mqaf] ok^na _]naj_e]o aj amqelk $]ni]o u l]pnqhh]o% u qj] heiep]`] _]l]_ep]_e j( laoa ] mqa aop] nace j `a @qn]jck ]bnkjp] qj na_nq`a_eieajpk `a h] rekhaj_e] hec]`] ]h j]n_kpn Ú _k* @a ]_qan`k _kj qj] _kle] `ah ?kjrajek `a ?kh]^kn]_e j u ?k) kn`ej]_e j ajpna Aop]`k u Iqje) _eleko `a @qn]jck $aj lk`an `a IEHAJEK%( hko lkhe_ ]o mqa`]n j oqla`ep]`ko ] -. _h qoqh]o l]n] naolkj`an ] h]o `ai]j`]o `a oa) cqne`]` aj h] vkj]* @a aop] i]jan]( hko ]cajpao `a hko pnao iqje_eleko Ú ni]jpao oan j l]npa `a h] OOL aop]p]h( mqa lk`n ]oecj]nhko ] klan]perko aj pk`] h] cakcn]b ] `a @qn]jck* Ah `k_qiajpk `a -1 _q]npehh]o narah] mqa ah k^faperk `ah _kjra) jek ao mqa ah ck^eanjk `ah aop]`k oa d]c] _]nck `a h]o bqj_ekjao `a h] lkhe_ ] iqje_el]h( p]jpk aj oq ]ola_pk lnarajperk( `a pn joepk u re]he`]`( ieajpn]o mqa oqo ahaiaj) pko lk`n j `aolh]v]noa l]n] ]_pq]n aj pk`k ah pannepknek aop]p]h* Aj h] _h qoqh] -, oa haa mqa Îh]o lkhe_ ]o iqje_el]hao jk cajan]n j nah]_e j h]^kn]h _kj ah ck^eanjk `a @qn]jck( oejk mqa i]jpaj`n oq nah]_e j _kj oqo naola_perko iqje_elekoÏ* .D
% c_b[d_e$Yec
8kigk[ [b l_Z[e [d0
D@C<E@F
`k[l[i ') Z[ CWoe Z[ (&'&
;if[he gk[ j[d]W n_je feh [b X_[d Z[ C n_Ye" cWd_\_[ijW
9WbZ[h d0 [b fbWd Z[ EXWcW fk[Z[ XW`Wh bW l_eb[dY_W [d bW [ijhWj[]_W [ijWZkd_Z[di[ fWhW WXWj_h [b Yedikce ;b [cXWj[ Z[ bW
Z[b_dYk[dY_W i[ eh_]_dW [d [b jh|ÅYe _b[]Wb Z[ Zhe]Wi =kWZWbW`WhW3Cfi\eX C g\q
"
;b cWdZWjWh_e fkdjkWb_p gk[ [b Z[fehj[ Wb[`W W bei ` l[d[i Z[ bWi WZ_YY_ed[i I te_k .,-, aj Cq]`]h]f]n]( ah lnaoe`ajpa ?]h`an j oa naÚne ]h ]jqj_ek `a K^]i] `ah i]npao l]o]`k naola_pk `a qj] aopn]pa) ce] _ajpn]`] aj h] na`q__e j `ah
_kjoqik `a `nkc]o aj Aop]`ko Qje`ko( l]npe_qh]niajpa ajpna hko f rajao* ÎIa _kjcn]pqhk `a mqa oa ]jqj) _ea ao] lkh pe_] `a na`q__e j `a
_kjoqik u aolank mqa pajc] tepk lkn ah ^eaj( p]jpk `a hko f rajao ]iane_]jko _kik lkn ah ^eaj `a I te_kÏ( `efk* Ah faba `ah Afa_qperk d]^h p]i)
BW bkY^W i[ WZWfjW Z[ \ehcW YedijWdj[ fWhW ^WY[hbW c[`eh" h[ifedZ[ = c[p Cedj
>_bbWho" feh kdW [ijhWj[]_W c|i [\[Yj_lW MWi^_d]jed %:khWd]e3Efk`d\o p :fii\jgfejXc X
-
] oa_nap]ne] `a Aop]`k aop]) `qje`ajoa( Dehh]nu ?hejpkj( _kjoe`an mqa d]_a b]hp] qj] aopn]pace] i o aba_per] ] h] eilh]jp]`] d]op] ]dkn] _kjpn] ah j]n_kpn Ú_k( aj aola_e]h aj I te_k u ?ajpnk]i ne_]* Aj p]jpk( ah oa_nap]nek `a Ck^anj])
P YbWl[i ;b dk[le [d\egk[ 9;b ]eX_[hde [ijWZkd_Z[di[ i[ fhefed[ h[ZkY_h ZkhWdj[ bei fh n_cei + W ei [b Yedikce Z[ Zhe]Wi [d '+ feh Y_[dje" Wi Yece [b jh|ÅYe _b[]Wb Z[ [ijkf[# \WY_[dj[i [d *& feh Y_[dje$
97b ZWh W YedeY[h ik dk[lW [ijhWj[]_W" bW WZc_d_ijhWY_ d Z[ 8WhWYa EXWcW h[YedeY_ bW h[ifediWX_b_ZWZ Z[ ik fW i feh bW [n_ij[dY_W Z[ º[cfh[iWi Z[b_Yj_lWi Z[i[ijWX_b_pWZehWi o l_eb[djWi»" Wb i[h [b cWoeh c[h# YWZe Yedikc_Zeh Z[ Zhe]Wi$
9I[ [ij_cW gk[ [d ;K kdWi (& c_bbed[i Z[ f[hiedWi cWoeh[i Z[ '( W ei WXkiWd Z[ Wb] d j_fe Z[ Zhe]W" o [b d c[he Z[ ck[hj[i Z[X_Ze W [bbe [i Z[ *& c_b Wb W e$
BK?I <;HD7D:E CEH;DE%DEJ?C;N
;b Fh[i_Z[dj[ Yed\ W
h _kjcn]pqh]noa lkn ah lh]j `a na`q__e j `a _kjoq) ik `a `nkc]o `a >]n]_g K^]i]( ah lnaoe`ajpa Bahela ?]h`an j atlnao oq aolan]j) v] aj mqa pajc] tepk p]i^e j lkn ah ^eaj `a I te_k( lknmqa h] rekhaj_e] `ah _neiaj knc]jev]`k peaja oq knecaj aj mqa Aop]`ko Qje`ko ao ah i]ukn _kjoqie`kn `a `nkc]o `ah iqj`k* Atlnao mqa aj ah aj_qajpnk mqa paj`n h] ln tei] oai]j] aj S]odejcpkj _kj K^]i] d]^h]n `a hko lnk^hai]o _kiqjao( _kik Îh] rekhaj_e] mqa cajan] ah _neiaj knc]jev]`k u ah pn Ú_k `a `nkc]o ] Aop]`ko Qje`ko( lknmqa lna_eo]) iajpa ah lnej_el]h knecaj deop ne_k u ok_e]h `a aopa cn]ra lnk^hai] ao ah pn Ú_k `a `nkc]o d]_e] ah i]ukn _kjoqie`kn `ah iqj`k( mqa ao jqaopnk ra_ejk l] o( hko Aop]`ko Qje`ko `a =i ne_]Ï* =h ej]qcqn]n h] -1 Kheile]`] J]_ekj]h A`e_e j >e_ajpaj]nek
OBDJPOBM
_e j( Banj]j`k C iav Ikjp( ]`renpe mqa _kjbnkjp]n ]h _neiaj knc]jev]`k ao Îqj] `a_eoe j ennaranoe^haÏ* Aj h] ., ?kjbanaj_e] `a h]o =i ) ne_]o( aj h] _]lep]h aop]`qje`ajoa( ?hejpkj atlnao 6 ÎPajaiko ^qajko afailhko `a hk mqa d]u mqa d]_an $_kjpn] ah j]n_kpn Ú_k%( lank jk aop]iko _an_] `a hk mqa _kjoe`an]n ] qj] aopn]pace] aba_per]Ï* @aop]_ hko _]oko `a I te_k u
?ajpnk]i ne_]( `kj`a Îah eil]_pk u h] ]iaj]v] `ah j]n_kpn be_k ao i]ukn u oa oeajpa _kj i o bqanv]Ï* =jpa nalnaoajp]jpao `a r]neko ck^eanjko `a h] nace j( ?hejpkj `efk mqa laoa ]h Lh]j ?khki^e] u Îhko iq_dko bkj`koÏ lqaopko aj h] Eje_e]per] I ne`]( opko jk d]j oe`k oqÚ_eajpao bnajpa ]h p]i] k `a h] ]iaj]v]* Ah _ki^]pa ]h j]n_kpn Ú_k( na_k)
iaj` ( namqeana `a Îaopn]pace]o i o ejpahecajpao u aba_per]oÏ( lqao o hk ]o oa lk`n Îajbnajp]n aop] lanoeopajpa ]iaj]v] ] h] ok_ea`]` _ereh u ] h] hacepeie`]` cq^anj]iajp]hÏ* ?kjoqhp]`k ]h naola_pk( C iav Ikjp ]beni mqa ah ck^eanjk ba) `an]h ]`]lp] _kjop]jpaiajpa h] aopn]pace] l]n] ajbnajp]n ]h _neiaj knc]jev]`k( lank _kjbnkjp]nhk ao qj] `a_eoe j ennaranoe^ha
^e j `a h] lkh pe_] `a oq ck^eanjk l]n] lnarajen ]`e__ekjao( h] _q]h( ]Úni ( oa ^]o] aj lnkikran i o u iafkn `alknpa ia`e]jpa hko lnkcn]i]o =_p r]pa u Nao_]pa `a Aol]_eko L ^he_ko* ?]h`an j na]hev]n qj] reoe) p] `a Aop]`k ] AQ hko ` ]o -5 u ., `a i]uk( `kj`a ]`ai o `a ]^kn`]n ]oqjpko `a h] ]caj`] _ki j _kj oq dki hkck >]n]_g K^]i]( d]^h]n ]jpa ah L]nh]iajpk aj S]odejcpkj* Ah Lnaoe`ajpa ej]qcqn ]uan h]o ejop]h]_ekjao `alknper]o `a dk_gau( penk u d]hpankÚhe] _kjopnqe`]o l]n] hko Fqacko L]j]iane_]jko mqa oa hhar]n j ] _]^k aj k_pq^na `a .,-- aj Cq]`]h]f]n]( u `efk mqa h] ]_pere) `]` `alknper] p]i^e j ]haf] ] hko f rajao `a h]o ]`e__ekjao u lqa`a naokhran lnk^hai]o `a o]hq` mqa lnkjpk oan j hko i o _kiqjao( lahecnkoko u _kopkoko `a ]paj`an aj I te_k( _kik h] `e]^apao u hko l]) `a_eieajpko _]n`ekr]o_qh]nao* Aj h] _]j_d] `a dk_gau ok^na l]opk( `kj`a aop]^]j lnaoajpao h]o oaha__ekjao `a F]heo_k u Okjkn]( ah i]j`]p]nek aj_]nc ]h ck^anj]) `kn f]heo_eajoa( Aiehek Ckjv hav I nmqav( u ]h oa_nap]nek `a A`q) _]_e j( =hkjok Hqf]i^ek( `]n ah ckhla eje_e]h ] h] lahkp]( lank hko f rajao `ao`a h]o cn]`]o le`ea) nkj mqa oa aj_]nc]n] ah lnklek Lnaoe`ajpa* νMqa ha lacqa( mqa ha lacqa Ï( cnep]^]j( lkn hk mqa ah i]j`]p]nek oa ]jei u `aolq o `a lnacqjp]n h] p _je_] l]n] oqfap]n ah ^]op j( ckhla qj] lahkp] mqa jk lq`k ]p]f]n ah ck^anj]`kn* .D ÎLneiank( _nak mqa h] `eolkoe_e j `a ajbnajp]n aopa pelk `a `ahej_qaj_e] ao ennaranoe^ha7 `ko( _nak mqa _kjo) p]jpaiajpa aop]iko aj qj lnk_a) ok `a ]`]lp]_e j mqa jko laniepa d]_anhk iafknÏ( atlnao * Î?nak mqa jk oa lqa`a aop]) ^ha_an qj] r]hkn]_e j aj ah _knpk lh]vk $naola_pk `a oe d] b]hh]`k h] aopn]pace] ]jpej]n_k%* Aop]o _qaopekjao oa peajaj mqa ran aj ah ia`e]jk lh]vk( lank aopku pn]j) mqehk `a mqa r]iko cajan]j`k h]o ejan_e]o ejopepq_ekj]hao l]n] mqa na_qlanaiko h] pn]jmqehe`]`Ï( ] ]) `e aj qj] _kjbanaj_e] `a lnajo] pn]o naqjenoa _kj ah c]^ejapa `a oacqne`]` `a @qn]jck* .D
OBDJPOBM
D@C<E@F
`k[l[i ') Z[ CWoe Z[ (&'&
Fhe^ X[ l_W`Wh W [i[ [ijWZe o h[Wb_pWh \kjkhei YedjhWjei Yed YecfW Wi Z[ [iW pedW Z[ ;ijWZei Kd_Zei
Bei Îd][b[i Xe_Yej[W W 7h_pedW BW h[iebkY_ d \k[
WfheXWZW [d [b YedY_b_e feh ') lejei W \Wleh o kde [d YedjhW Bei Îd][b[i3Efk`d\o p <=<
&
h _kj_ehek `a h] _eq`]` `a Hko =jcahao ]lnk^ dku qj ^ke_kp _kjpn] ah aop]`k `a =nevkj]( _kj ah mqa oa lnkd ^a re]f]n ] aopa aop]`k u na]hev]n bq) pqnko _kjpn]pko _kj _kil] ]o `a ao] nace j* Aop] ao h] _eq`]` i o cn]j`a `a Aop]`ko Qje`ko aj ]lnk^]n qj ^ke_kp _kjpn] ah aop]`k lkn d]^an ]qpknev]`k d]_a qj]o oai]j]o h] hau mqa _neiej]hev] ] ejiecn]jpao ej`k_qiajp]`ko* Aj ah `a^]pa na]hev]`k aj ah _kj) _ehek `a h] _eq`]` `a Hko ãjcahao( ejpacn]jpao `ah lnej_el]h nc]jk ]`iejeopn]perk _kil]n]nkj h] ia) `e`] _kj _kj`e_ekjao mqa ateop ]j aj h] =hai]je] j]ve u ah eje_ek `ah Dkhk_]qopk* H] naokhq_e j bqa ]lnk^]`] lkn -/ rkpko ] b]rkn u qjk aj _kjpn]( `ah _kj_af]h Cnaec Oiepd* H] ia`e`]( mqa ajpn]n aj reckn ah ln teik ./ `a fqhek( laniepen ] h] lkhe_ ] okhe_ep]n `k_qiajp]_e j iecn]pkne] ] _q]hmqean lanokj] o hk ^]fk h] okola_d] `a mqa _]na_a `a
H;;: I7NED%7F
P YbWl[i Fhej[ijW heYa[hW 9;ij[ Zec_d]e i[ h[Wb_pWh| kd YedY_[hje Z[ heYa [d [b P YWbe Z[ bW 9_kZWZ Z[ C n_Ye" eh]Wd_# pWZe feh [b ]eX_[hde YWf_jWb_de" fWhW fhej[ijWh YedjhW bW b[o Wdj__dc_]hWdj[ [d 7h_pedW$ I[ [if[hW bW YedY[djhWY_ d Z[ Wb c[dei .& c_b f[hiedWi$
9BW _d_Y_Wj_lW bW fheck[l[ bW I[Yh[jWh W Z[ ;ZkYWY_ d" W jhWl i Z[b fhe]hWcW Fh[fW I $ 7 fWhj_h Z[ bWi Zei Z[ bW jWhZ[ je# YWh|d ]hkfei Yece bei 8kda[hi" Dehj[Y" @W]kWh[i o Jef[j[ o ik jhelW$
aop]pqo hac]h aj ah l] o( hk mqa lk`n ej`q_en ]h lnafqe_ek n]_e]h* ÎHko ãjcahao ao h] oacqj`] _eq`]` i o cn]j`a `ah l] o( ao qj] _eq`]` `a ejiecn]jpao( ao ejpanj]_ekj]h u ja_aoep] ajre]n qj iajo]fa oarankÏ( oa ]h ah _kj_a) f]h A` Nauao( mqeaj bqa qjk `a hko lnkikpknao `a h] ia`e`]* Î?kik aop]`qje`ajoa( jk lqa`k en aj aopa peailk ] =nevkj] oej qj l]o]lknpa u oe ia aj_qajpnk ] qj kÚ_e]h mqa pajc] qj i]h ` ] u oe h oeajpa mqa jk oa] ah `a ie e`ajpeÚ_]_e j( ia r] ] `alknp]n
Bei YedY[`Wb[i @Wd_Y[ >W^d o ;Z H[o[i ^WXbWd Wdj[ bW fh[diW bk[]e Z[ gk[ i[ WfheXWhW [b Xe_Yej oej lnacqjp]n u aok jk `a^a k_qnnen aj aopa l] oÏ( ]oaran * H] naokhq_e j ^qo_]n _]j_ah]n k oqolaj`an _kjrajeko _kj ]h iajko 02 _kil] ]o _kj oa`a aj =nevkj] mqa nalnaoajp]j qj] `ann]i] `a 14 iehhkjao `a ` h]nao ]h ] k* Ah ]anklqanpk `a Hko ãjcahao na_e^a .. iehhkjao `a ` h]nao aj ejcnaoko `a `ko ]ankh ja]o ^]o]`]o
aj =nevkj]6 QO =ens]uo u Iao] =en( u p]i^e j lk`n ]j ranoa ]ba_p]`ko _kjpn]pko _kj pn]jolknpao _]ncqanko u `ah lqanpk i]n peik*
CWoeh W WfeoW bW b[o Qj] aj_qaop] na]hev]`] lkn ah ?ajpnk Las `a Ejraopec]_ekjao narah mqa h] i]ukn ] `a hko aop]`qje`ajoao( 14!( ]lku] h] hau lnkiqhc]`] aj @EI>K7 BEJJ%H;KJ;HI
FheleYWh| WYY_ed[i ^eij_b[i" WZl_[hj[
-
] Knc]jev]_e j `a h]o J]) _ekjao Qje`]o atlnao oq lnak_ql]_e j u ]hanp ok^na h]o _kjoa_qaj_e]o mqa lqa`a pajan h] ]lnk^]_e j `a h] Hau O>-,3, aj =nevkj]( Aop]`ko Qje`ko( h] _q]h lnkrk_]n ]__ekjao dkopehao _kjpn] h]o lanokj]o iecn]jpao( lkn h] okh] lan_al_e j*
ÎOa d]j aop]^ha_e`k qj]o l]qp]o lnak_ql]jpao aj qj] ]_pere`]` ha) ceoh]per] dkopeh d]_e] h]o iejkn ]o pje_]o u h]o lanokj]o iecn]jpao _kj h] ]`kl_e j `a qj] hau `a ej) iecn]_e j mqa ]qpknev] h] ]__e j lkhe_e]h ok^na h]o lanokj]o( ^]o]) `] aj h] lan_al_e j `a oq knecaj pje_kÏ* = pn]r o `a qj _kiqje_]`k( aola_e]heop]o `a h] Knc]jev]_e j
Leje kd|d_c[ [d bW F[hcWd[dj[
;n^ehjWd W 9WbZ[h d W h[Y^WpWh B[o I8'&-& Wdj[ 9ed]h[ie [ijWZkd_Z[di[ C n_Ye38e^ c`ZX D\iZX[f
1
kn qj]jeie`]`( h] ?kieoe j Lani]jajpa ]lnk^ qj at) dknpk ]h lnaoe`ajpa Bahela ?]h`an j l]n] mqa aj oq re]fa ] S]odejcpkj atpanja ]h ck^eanjk u ?kjcnaok `a aoa l] o ah na_d]vk `a I te_k ] h] Hau O>-,3,( ]o _kik mqa hko haceoh]`knao aj pk`ko hko
bknko `kj`a ]_q`]j atlkjc]j oq ej_kjbknie`]`* Ah _kkn`ej]`kn lapeop] aj ah Oaj]) `k( Ne_]n`k Ikjna]h( u ah re_a_kkn`e) j]`kn lanna`eop]( Oehr]jk =qnakhao( na_kjk_eankj mqa hko atdknpko jk `af]j `a oan Îhh]i]`ko ] ieo]Ï( lank aj aopa _]ok h] qj]jeie`]` `ah nalq) `ek lkn l]npa `a pk`ko hko l]npe`ko naÛaf] mqa ah Haceoh]perk jk oa r] ]
Fh[l d W]h[i_ed[i YedjhW c_]hWdj[i _]hh]n je ] ^]f]n h] cq]n`e]* ÎP]ilk_k oa]iko ejk_ajpao k ejcajqko l]n] lajo]n mqa hqack `ah hh]i]`k >]n]_g K^]i] `a^a aop]n lnak_ql]` oeik lkn ah na_h]ik mqa en ] d]_an ?]h`an j( jk r] ] `]n iq_dk l]n] aopkÏ( na_kjk_e =qnak) hao( lkn hk mqa lnklqok ]`e_ekj]n ah lqjpk `a ]_qan`k eilqho]`k lkn I]jhek B]^ek >ahpnkjao( l]n] mqa hko haceoh]`knao p]i^e j lnkiqar]j aj pk`ko hko bknko `kj`a ]_q`]j ah na_d]vk ] h] hau* @elqp]`ko u oaj]`knao ]lnk) ^]nkj ah lqjpk `a ]_qan`k l]n] mqa aj ah _kjpatpk `a oq reoep] ] Aop]`ko Qje`ko( l]npe_qh]niajpa aj oq iajo]fa ]jpa ah ?kjcnaok( Îi]jeÚaopa ah na_d]vk `a h] ok) _ea`]` u ah ck^eanjk iate_]jk ] h] hau O>-,3,Ï* .D
% c_b[d_e$Yec
8kigk[ [b l_Z[e [d0
`a h]o J]_ekjao Qje`]o aj pa) i]o `a ejiecn]_e j( n]_eoik( iejkn ]o( ej` caj]o( a`q_]_e j u `ana_dko _qhpqn]hao( hh]i]nkj h] ]paj_e j aj h]o bkni]he`]`ao `a _ ik oa ]lhe_]n h] jqar] hau( h] _q]h _kjpeaja qj hajcq]fa Îb]nn]ckokÏ mqa lh]jpa] `q`]o ok^na oq _kil]pe^ehe`]` _kj hko pn]p]`ko ejpanj]_ekj]hao* I]jebaop]nkj mqa hko aop]`ko `a^aj naolap]n u ]oacqn]n hko `ana_dko dqi]jko `a pk`]o h]o lanokj]o oqfap]o ] oq fqneo`e__e j( oej `eo_neiej]_e j7 u mqa hko ao) p j`]nao ejpanj]_ekj]hao namqea) naj mqa h] `apaj_e j oa lnk`qv_] o hk _kik ia`e`] at_al_ekj]h( fqopeÚ_]`]( ejpanlnap]`] `a bkni] naopne_per] u lnklkn_ekj]h ] _]`] _]`k ej`ere`q]h* .D
BW EDK Wb[hjW ieXh[ bWi Yedi[Yk[dY_Wi C n_Ye3GXcfdX 8cZ}ekXiX
=nevkj] mqa _neiej]hev] h] ejie) cn]_e j ehac]h aj aoa aop]`k* H] _kjoqhp] oa na]hev ajpna ah fqarao u ah `kiejck l]o]`ko ajpna 550 _eq`]`]jko aop]`qje`ajoao ]`qhpko* .D
BW YWdY_bb[h W d_[]W Wkc[dje Z[ h[ZWZWi
9_dYe Z[cWdZWi [d h[Y^Wpe W bW dehcW Wdj_c_]hWdj[ C n_Ye3EXp\c` Ifc[}e
+
qhe j Rajpqn]( oq^oa_nap]nek l]n] =i ne_] `ah Jknpa `a h] ?]j_ehhan ]( ejbkni mqa ateopaj _ej_k `ai]j`]o _kjpn] h] hau O>-,3, `a =nevkj]( `ko `a ahh]o ejpanlqaop]o lkn knc]jev]) _ekjao `abajokn]o `a `ana_dko dqi]jko* Jac mqa d]u]j ]qiajp]`k h]o na`]`]o _kjpn] ejiecn]jpao ] n] v `a h] lnk_h]i]_e j `a h] nabkni] u
]oacqn mqa ateopa lnak_ql]_e j lkn l]npa `ah ck^eanjk iate_]jk ]jpa h] n lhe_] `a aop] hau aj kpnko aop]`ko `a AQ* ÎAop]iko oecqeaj`k `a _an_] hko i hpelhao( i hpelhao lnk_aoko hac]hao mqa oa aop]n j eje_e]j`k lkn l]npa `a knc]jev]_ekjao _erehao aj Aop]`ko Qje`ko* ?nak mqa oan qj lnk_aok iqu _kilhafk u mqa `a^an hhar]n ] qj] `aÚje_e j aj oq ikiajpk oe aop] hau ajpn] aj reckn aj =nevkj]Ï( `efk* .D
D@C<E@F
`k[l[i ') Z[ CWoe Z[ (&'&
/FHPDJPT @Wdi
;Z_jeh0 )VHP (PO[fMF[ d[]eY_ei$Z\6c_b[d_e$Yec
BW Yedgk_ijW Z[b c[hYWZe Xh_j|d_Ye" [b fWie fWhW ÂşZWh [b Xh_dYeÂť W 9^_dW [ ?dZ_W
:_l_iWi :Â&#x152;bWh :Â&#x152;bWh Ă&#x2026; n ;khe B_XhW
9ecfhW L[djW '($&.&& '($+.&& '($*)+' ',$(-'' ',$+,-+ '.$&-,' '.$,'-)
8kiYW >[hZ[p bb[]Wh ^WijW ;khefW o 7i_W ;b ]hkfe [ij| [d YedZ_Y_ed[i Z[ WZgk_h_h ejhW YecfWÂ&#x2039;Â&#x2021;W"
de iÂ&#x152;be [d CÂ&#x192;n_Ye" i_de [d ;ijWZei Kd_Zei" WĂ&#x2026; hcÂ&#x152; >Â&#x192;Yjeh >[hd|dZ[p Feki" fh[i_Z[dj[ o Z_h[Yjeh ][d[hWb Z[ bW Ă&#x2026; hcW c[n_YWdW CĂ&#x2022;D?97 =EDPĂ&#x17D;B;P
CÂ&#x192;n_Ye3DXi`f DXc[feX[f
C[hYWZe Xkhi|j_b Ă&#x2018;dZ_Y[ 7YjkWb ?F9 )(")-/$,) :em @ed[i '&"./,$/' I F '"'-'$,- DWiZWg ("*(+$&( 8el[ifW ,+"(()$,) BWj_X[n )",+-$( C;:?97 A?C8;H <=?D8KH =?II7 J;BC;N 7NJ;B
LWh$ &$.' '$). '$)- ($&/ '$(* &$&
7YY_ed[i 8CL Fh[Y_e LWh$ (,$.& -$,) ,/$(+ *$+. *'$.. *$(/ ''$)& #*$', .$,& #)$)- -$-) #($(/
C[hYWZe Z[ Z_d[he 9[j[i (. ZÂ&#x2021;Wi 9[j[i /' ZÂ&#x2021;Wi 9[j[i '.( ZÂ&#x2021;Wi J??; (. ZÂ&#x2021;Wi K:? B_Xeh Fh_c[ HWj[
*$*/ *$,) *$-) *$/* *$***. fi &$)) )$(+
9ecceZ_j_[i Fh[Y_e LWh CWÂ&#x2021;p )-.$(+ &$)) Jh_]e +&-$& #&$*/ 7pÂ&#x2018;YWh '*$,- +$*, C[pYbW c[n$ -&$&) #&$', Zbi MJ? -+$,+ #&$-( Zbi 8h[dj .'$(& &$-' Zbi 9[dj[dWh_e '-"+&& )&& fi Ehe '"(*)$' (($. Zbi FbWjW '/$,,) &$),/ Zbi
CWYhe[YedecÂ&#x2021;W
5
n]o _kjmqeop]n ^qaj] l]npa `ah ian_]`k ao) p]`qje`ajoa ia`e]jpa oqo ]he]jv]o _kj h]o ai) lnao]o Dkniah Bkk`o u Cnqlk Gqk( ah b]^ne_]jpa `a ]heiajpko Dan`av ^qo_]nÂ&#x192; _na_an aj Aqnkl] u =oe]( `kj`a ej_hqok lh]ja] lnk`q_en ]hcqj]o `a oqo i]n_]o* Aj _kjrano]_eÂ&#x201C;j _kj IEHAJEK( DÂ&#x160;_pkn DanjÂ&#x192;j`av Lkqo( lnaoe`ajpa u `ena_pkn cajan]h `a h] ailnao] iate) _]j]( narahÂ&#x201C; mqa u] peaja ]lkuk `a h] ai^]f]`] ^nepÂ&#x192;je_] l]n] ejcnao]n ] aoa l]Â&#x17D;o _kj i]n_]o _kik @kÂ&#x2019;] I]nÂ&#x17D;] u oq `ereoeÂ&#x201C;j `a ]pÂ&#x2DC;j* Ă&#x17D;Ah ian_]`k aqnklak nalnaoajp] qj] klknpqje`]` iqu eilknp]j) pa( lnej_el]hiajpa Ejch]pann]( u] mqa ao qjk `a hko l]Â&#x17D;oao mqa iÂ&#x192;o _kjoqiaj _kie`] `a pelk iate_]) jkĂ?( atlhe_Â&#x201C; ah `ena_perk7 lkn ahhk( ejbkniÂ&#x201C; mqa qj] rav ejop]h]`ko aj ao] j]_eÂ&#x201C;j h] ailnao] ^qo_]nÂ&#x192; atl]j`enoa ] iÂ&#x192;o hqc]nao `a h] QjeÂ&#x201C;j Aqnkla] u =oe]* @a ]_qan`k _kj DanjÂ&#x192;j`av( hk iÂ&#x192;o oacqnk ao mqa ah ejcnaok ]h ian_]`k aqnklak oa `]nÂ&#x192; ia`e]jpa qj] ]he]jv] _kj qj] ailnao] mqa _kjkv_] iafkn ah ajpknjk( u `a ]dÂ&#x17D; Ă&#x17D;^nej_]nĂ? ] Ej`e] u ] kpnko ian_]`ko ]oeÂ&#x192;pe_ko( hko _q]hao Ă&#x17D;okj `kiej]`ko iqu ^eaj lkn hko ejchaoaoĂ?* Ă&#x17D;Jko ejpanao] h] lkoe^ehe`]` `a ajpn]n ] hko ian_]`ko ]oeÂ&#x192;pe_ko( _kik Ej`e] u ?dej]( o]^aiko mqa lk`aiko hkcn]nhk ia`e]jpa ah ejcnaok ] h] QjeÂ&#x201C;j Aqnkla]( mqa oanÂ&#x192; jqaopnk oecqeajpa l]okĂ?( oaÂ&#x2019;]hÂ&#x201C; ah ailnao]nek( mqeaj ao l]npa `a h] pan_an] cajan]_eÂ&#x201C;j `a h] b]iehe] DanjÂ&#x192;j`av( bqj`]`knao `a h] _kil]Â&#x2019;Â&#x17D;] aj -5-0* =`aiÂ&#x192;o( `efk mqa ateopa h] lk) oe^ehe`]` `a lnk`q_en ]hcqjko `a oqo lnk`q_pko u i]n_]o aj ah reafk
P YbWl[i BW [cfh[iW 9=hkfe >[hZ[p [i kdW YecfWÂ&#x2039;Â&#x2021;W c[n_YWdW \WXh_YWdj[ Z[ Wb_c[djei fheY[iWZei Yed fh[i[dY_W [d CÂ&#x192;n_Ye" ;ijWZei Kd_Zei o 9WdWZ|
9FheZkY[ o Yec[hY_Wb_pW c|i Z[ c_b fheZkYjei Z[ cWhYWi Yece >[hZ[p" :[b <k[hj[" CY9ehc_Ya" :eÂ&#x2039;W CWhÂ&#x2021;W" 9WhbejW" 8Wh_bbW" 8Â&#x2018;\Wbe" >ehc[b" OWlWhei" IebecWj[" <[ijÂ&#x2021;d o EY[Wd IfhWo" [djh[ ejhWi$
9J_[d[ '& fbWdjWi o / Y[djhei Z[ Z_ijh_XkY_Â&#x152;d kX_YWZei [d Z_\[h[dj[i [ijWZei Z[ bW H[fÂ&#x2018;Xb_YW o [cfb[W W c|i Z[ , c_b f[hiedWi$ ;d (&&/ h[fehjÂ&#x152; _d]h[iei Z[ . c_b (,+ c_bbed[i Z[ f[iei$
_kjpejajpa( `kj`a ]_pq]hiajpa oÂ&#x201C;hk oa _kian_e]hev] qj] ^kp]j] _kj oq i]n_]*
?dj[h[iWZW [d ejhWi [cfh[iWi Aj h] ajpnareop]( DanjÂ&#x192;j`av Lkqo _kiajpÂ&#x201C; mqa `a^e`k ] hko ^qajko naoqhp]`ko Ă&#x161; j]j_eanko u ah Ă&#x17D;oÂ&#x201C;he`kĂ? _na_eieajpk `a h] Ă&#x161; ni] aj ah l]Â&#x17D;o u ah atpn]jfank( h] _kil]Â&#x2019;Â&#x17D;] jk `ao) _]np] ]`mqenen ]hcqj] kpn] ailnao] `ah oa_pkn* Ă&#x17D;H] ran`]` oÂ&#x17D; jko ejpanao] ]`mqe) nen kpn] ailnao]( oeailna aop]iko ]^eanpko ] ao] lkoe^ehe`]` u ao _qao) peÂ&#x201C;j `a aj_kjpn]n klknpqje`]`ao mqa _qilh]j hko namqeoepko l]n] d]_an qj] ^qaj] ]`mqeoe_eÂ&#x201C;j u mqa pn]ec] r]hkn ]cnac]`kĂ?( ej`e_Â&#x201C;* Ejpannkc]`k oe oanÂ&#x17D;] aj ah _knpk lh]vk( `efk mqa `alaj`anÂ&#x192; `a _Â&#x201C;ik
>Â&#x192;Yjeh >[hd|dZ[p de Z[iYWhjW fheZkY_h [d [b l_[`e Yedj_d[dj[
bW _d_Y_Wj_lW gk[ fh[j[dZ[ eXb_]Wh W bWi [cfh[iWi gk[ fheZkY[d XebiWi Z[ fb|ij_Ye fWhW gk[ kj_b_Y[d WZ_j_lei eneX_eZ[]hWZWXb[i$ ;b Wh]kc[dje fWhW ikcWh lebkdjWZ[i [i gk[ [ijW WYY_Â&#x152;d Z[`Wh| ]WdWdY_Wi
feh c_b[i Z[ c_bbed[i Z[ ZÂ&#x152;bWh[i W bWi fheZkYjehWi Z[ bei WZ_j_lei" kj_b_ZWZ[i gk[ feZh|d h[fWhj_h Yed [b ]eX_[hde beYWb1 i_d [cXWh]e1 gk[ZW bW ZkZW feh iWX[h i_ [ije [i Xk[de e cWbe" fehgk[ bW feXbWY_Â&#x152;d j[dZh|
oa lnaoajpaj h]o klknpqje`]`ao( lank ]Ă&#x161; niÂ&#x201C; mqa aj aopa ikiajpk ah cnq) lk aopÂ&#x192; aj _kj`e_ekjao `a ]`mqenen kpn] _kil]Â&#x2019;Â&#x17D;]( jk oÂ&#x201C;hk aj IÂ&#x160;te_k( oejk aj Aop]`ko Qje`ko*
CWdj_[d[ Yh[Y_c_[dje [d CÂ&#x192;n_Ye Ah ailnao]nek p]i^eÂ&#x160;j `ahejaÂ&#x201C; oq _na_eieajpk aj IÂ&#x160;te_k( `kj`a Dan) `av peaja aj i]n_d] ah lnkua_pk `a qj jqark _ajpnk `a `eopne^q_eÂ&#x201C;j aj Pakhkuq_]j( Aop]`k `a IÂ&#x160;te_k( ah _q]h aop]nÂ&#x192; amqel]`k _kj pa_jkhkcÂ&#x17D;] `a Â&#x2DC;hpei] cajan]_eÂ&#x201C;j*
=`aiÂ&#x192;o( ajpna oqo lh]jao `a _knpk lh]vk aopÂ&#x192; h] ]`mqeoe_eÂ&#x201C;j `a qj ^]n_k ]pqjank l]n] ]lqjp]h]n h] lnk`q__eÂ&#x201C;j u _kian_e]hev]_eÂ&#x201C;j `a aopa lnk`q_pk aj IÂ&#x160;te_k( Aop]`ko Qje`ko u lnÂ&#x201C;tei]iajpa Aqnkl]* Ă&#x17D;Jko ejpanao] iq_dk ah ian_]) `k `ah ]pÂ&#x2DC;j( ao qj Â&#x192;na] aj h] mqa aop]iko ]lkop]j`k u aolan]iko ah ]lkuk `ah ck^eanjk l]n] mqa i]jpajc] hko ^ajaĂ&#x161; _eko ] hko ^]n) _ko laomqanko( lqao `a kpn] bkni] paj`nÂ&#x160;iko `aorajp]f] _kj kpnko l]Â&#x17D;oaoĂ?( _kj_hquÂ&#x201C;* .D
*O
7FSTJPOFT
F?8 ?L#Jh_c (&&/ #($) ?dĂ&#x2020; WY_Â&#x152;d cpe *$/- :[i[cfb[e \[X +$&( H[i[hlWi /."&-.$& cZZ
8k[dW o cWbW ;ij[ ZÂ&#x2021;W" [d [b =eX_[hde Z[b :< XkiYWh| Wfeoe W
gk[ fW]Wh Z[ ik Xebi_bbe bWi c|i Z[ '+ c_bbed[i Z[ XebiWi Z[ fb|ij_Ye gk[ i[ h[]WbWd W Z_Wh_e [d bW YWf_jWb" Yed kd Yeije Z[ [djh[ +& Y[djWlei o kd f[ie feh XebiW$
Â&#x161;Â&#x161;Â&#x161;
D@C<E@F
`k[l[i ') Z[ C7oe Z[ (&'&
'SPOUFSBT
;Z_jeh[i0 *SFOF 4FMTFS )PSBDJP #FTTPO \hedj[hWi$Z\6c_b[d_e$Yec
CÂ&#x192;n_Ye$ BW I[cWh [if[hW gk[ i[ Yedjheb[ bW \k]W Wdj[i Z[b YWcX_e Z[ Yehh_[dj[i" [d ejeÂ&#x2039;e
7b[hjW feh [\[Yjei Z[ bW cWh[W d[]hW F[c[n [dl_Â&#x152; lWh_ei a_bÂ&#x152;c[jhei Z[ XWhh[hWi Wb ]eb\e fWhW WokZWh W bW 8h_j_i^ F[jheb[kc [d bW Yedj[dY_Â&#x152;d Z[b Z[hhWc[ Z[ f[jhÂ&#x152;b[e CÂ&#x192;n_Ye3Cl`j :Xii`c\j& :_i`jkfg_\i If^\c 9cXehl\k
B7HHO M$ IC?J>%;<;
-
] Oa_nap]nÂ&#x17D;] `a I]nej] ]`renpeÂ&#x201C; mqa oa ja_aoep] pajan _kjpnkh]`k ah `a) nn]ia lapnkhank ]jpao `ah lnÂ&#x201C;teik kpkÂ&#x2019;k k `a kpn] bkni] ]ba_p]nÂ&#x192; h]o _kop]o `a ?]ila_da( P]^]o_k( Ran]_nqv u P]i]qhel]o* Fq]j I]npÂ&#x17D;j =cqeh]n( `ena_pkn `a IapaknkhkcÂ&#x17D;] I]nÂ&#x17D;pei] `a h] Oa_nap]nÂ&#x17D;] `a I]nej] $Oai]n%( oaÂ&#x2019;]hÂ&#x201C; mqa ] l]npen `a k_pq^na d]u _]i^eko aj h]o _knneajpao `ah Ckhbk `a IÂ&#x160;te_k* =_pq]hiajpa oa iqaraj d]_e] ah jknpa( lank aj ah oacqj`k oaiaopna _kieajv]j ] d]_anhk d]_e] ah oqn( `ao`a h] ?qaj_] `ah Ieoeoele u d]_e] P]^]o_k u Ran]_nqv* = lao]n `ah neaock mqa oa peaja _kj ah ]_aepa( h] `alaj`aj_e] `ao) _]npÂ&#x201C; qpehev]n ^]nnan]o aj ah Ckhbk `a IÂ&#x160;te_k mqa eile`]j h] hhac]`] `ah ]_aepa ] h]o _kop]o j]_ekj]hao* Ă&#x17D;Lkn ah ikiajpk aok jk ao lnÂ&#x192;_pe) _k* Pajaiko dann]ieajp]o _kik ^]n_]v]o( ^]nnan]o k_aÂ&#x192;je_]o( p]j) mqao `a ]hi]_aj]ieajpk u kpnko ejopnqiajpko l]n] d]_an bnajpa ] qj] aiancaj_e]* Aopk oa qpehev]nÂ&#x192; `a oan ja_ao]nek( lank ]dkn] jk d]u lkn mqÂ&#x160;Ă?( atlhe_Â&#x201C; Bn]j_eo_k O]ujav( pepqh]n `a h] Oai]n* ?]nhko Ikn]hao( `ena_pkn `a Laiat
:[ bb[]Wh W j[hh_jeh_e dWY_edWb [b YhkZe f[h`kZ_YWh| bWi YeijWi Z[ JWcWkb_fWi" L[hWYhkp o JWXWiYe Atlhkn]_eÂ&#x201C;j u Lnk`q__eÂ&#x201C;j( ejbkniÂ&#x201C; mqa oa aopÂ&#x192;j ]lku]j`k h]o h]^knao `a _kjpaj_eÂ&#x201C;j `a h] i]j_d] lapnk) han] _]qo]`] lkn h] atlhkoeÂ&#x201C;j `a h] lh]p]bkni] @aals]pan Dknevkj* Ă&#x17D;Oa peaja p]i^eÂ&#x160;j qj] _]jpe`]` eilknp]jpa `a ^]nnan]o( okj r]neko
:7yEI 9EB7J;H7B;I @i\e\ J\cj\i
-
] lnklqaop] haceoh]per] lnaoajp]`] ]uan lkn hko oaj]`knao Fkdj Gannu u Fka Hea^ani]j( aj ia`ek `a h] _]pÂ&#x192;opnkba jacn] aj ah Ckhbk `a IÂ&#x160;te_k( r] ] ajbnajp]n `a oacqnk h]o _nÂ&#x17D;pe_]o `a h]o knc]jev]_ekjao ]i^eajp]heop]o( u] mqa oe ^eaj ej_hqua Ă&#x17D;ei) lknp]jpao jqar]o lnkpa__ekjaoĂ? l]n] hko aop]`ko _kopanko `a AQ( ]h ieoik peailk ]heajp] u cn]peĂ&#x161; _] h]o jqar]o atlhkp]_ekjao lapnkhÂ&#x17D;ban]o aj ]hp] i]n* Ah lnkua_pk ]r]h]`k lkn ah `aiÂ&#x201C;_n]p] Gannu u ah ej`alaj`eajpa Hea^ani]j Ă?hqa) ck `ah napenk aj ]^neh `ah Â&#x2DC;je_k oaj]`kn
gehÂ&#x201C;iapnko( `a da_dk `a^k _kiajp]n mqa ]uan $i]npao% Laiat ajreÂ&#x201C; _kik ]lkuk ] h] ailnao] >L r]neko iehao `a iapnko `a ^]nnan]o l]n] ]uq`]n aj h] _kjpaj_eÂ&#x201C;j u( k^re]iajpa( jkokpnko oacqeiko lnkpace`ko _kj ah amqelk mqa oa namqeana l]n] eilh]jp]n aop]o
_kjpejcaj_e]oĂ?( `efk* =`aiÂ&#x192;o( aj h] Okj`] `a ?]ila_da oa peaja ] qj]o -., ai^]n_]_ekjao oqo_alpe^hao `a oan qpehev]`]o aj _kjpaj_eÂ&#x201C;j `a aoa pelk `a da_dko* D]u kpn]o 2, mqa oÂ&#x201C;hk oenraj _kik cnÂ&#x2DC;]o u pn]jolknpa `a lanokj]h* Aj
-FZ ,FSSZ QFTF B TV FNQBRVF Â&#x2030;MJNQJPÂ&#x160; BMJFOUB NfT QFSGPSBDJPOFT *** Z zMUJNB nalq^he_]jk mqa hk l]pnk_ej]^]( Hej`oau Cn]d]iĂ? laniepa ] hko aop]`ko _kopanko na_d]v]n k ]^]j`kj]n lnkua_pko `a atlhk) n]_eÂ&#x201C;j lapnkhan] aj qj lanÂ&#x17D;iapnk `a d]op] -., gehÂ&#x201C;iapnko `a oqo neran]o $h] lh]p]bkn) i] oejeaopn]`] @aals]pan Dknevkj aop]^] ] qjko 4, gi `a h]o _kop]o `a Hqeoe]j]%( ]oÂ&#x17D; _kik rap]n h]o ejranoekjao `a aop]`ko ra_ejko oe _kilnqa^]j mqa qj ]__e`ajpa paj`nÂ&#x17D;] Ă&#x17D;qj eil]_pk ]`ranok oecjeĂ&#x161; _]perkĂ? aj oqo pannepkneko* Lank ] h] rav( ej_ajper] ] aopko ieoiko aop]`ko _kj /3*1! `a hko ejcnaoko ba`an]hao mqa oa cajanaj oe lan) iepaj jqar]o atlhkn]_ekjao*
Iunkj A^ahh( `ena_perk `ah Ejopepqpk l]n] h] Ailnao] ?kilapeper]( qj _ajpnk `a aopq`eko ej`alaj`eajpa aj S]odejcpkj( `efk ] h] ]caj_e] aol]Â&#x2019;kh] ABA mqa h] eje_e]per] Ă&#x17D;lanfq`e_] ] pk`ko at_alpk ] hko ejpanaoao aola_e]hao `a h]o cn]j`ao _knlkn]_ekjao* Hko ]i^eajp]heop]o o]^aj mqa jk paj`nÂ&#x192; qj eil]_pk `eo_anje^ha aj ah _hei] lank lnaie]nÂ&#x192; ] h]o _kil]Â&#x2019;Â&#x17D;]o _kj i]oer]o c]j]j_e]oĂ?( ]`ah]jpÂ&#x201C;* Ah `k_qiajpk ej_knlkn] aj oeapa _]lÂ&#x17D;pqhko jqianko]o ia`e`]o l]n] h] cajan]_eÂ&#x201C;j `a Ă&#x17D;ajancÂ&#x17D;] heile]Ă? aj h] QjeÂ&#x201C;j =iane_]j]( aj) pna ahh]o h] atlhkn]_eÂ&#x201C;j `a lapnÂ&#x201C;hak aj ]cq]o lnkbqj`]o Ă&#x17D;^]fk _eanp]o _kj`e_ekjaoĂ?* P]i)
P YbWl[i F[Y[i Yec[hY_Wb[i 9@eiÂ&#x192; IWhka^|d" YeehZ_dWZeh Z[ bW 9ec_i_Â&#x152;d DWY_edWb fWhW [b 9edeY_c_[dje o Kie Z[ bW 8_eZ_l[hi_ZWZ 9edWX_e " f_Z_Â&#x152; kd ced_jeh[e ieXh[ [b Z[iWhhebbe Z[b WYY_Z[dj[" o Wkdgk[ Z[iYWhjÂ&#x152; kd ZWÂ&#x2039;e WcX_[djWb [d [b Yehje fbWpe" Z_`e gk[ i[h| ^WijW Z[djhe Z[ jh[i c[i[i YkWdZe i[ fk[ZW [lWbkWh i_ ^Wo ZWÂ&#x2039;ei W bWi feXbW# Y_ed[i Z[ f[Y[i Yec[hY_Wb[i$
9ÂşBWi jehjk]Wi BWÂ&#x2018;Z o BehW ied Zei Z[ bWi [if[Y_[i [d bWi gk[ ^Wo gk[ fed[h fWhj_YkbWh Wj[d# Y_Â&#x152;d" f[he [d [ij[ cec[dje de ^Wo d_d]Â&#x2018;d fheXb[cW i[h_e$ ;ie de gk_[h[ Z[Y_h gk[ de i[ ^W]Wd YeiWi" ^Wo gk[ fh[fWhWh [ijkZ_ei Yed YWbcW" Yed i[diWj[pÂť" Z_`e$
_kjbanaj_e] `a lnajo] _kjfqjp]( ah aola_e]heop] lapnkhank `efk mqa `a ]_qan`k _kj aopq`eko lkopaneknao ] aopa pelk `a ]__e`ajpao oa d] `a) ikopn]`k mqa hko eil]_pko ok^na ah ia`ek ]i^eajpa d]j oe`k ]^okn^e) `ko u hko daiko hkcn]`k _kjpajan* =_pq]hiajpa ah `ann]ia lapnkhank _]qo]`k lkn ah dqj`eieajpk `a h] lh]p]bkni] aopÂ&#x192; ] 35/ gehÂ&#x201C;iapnko `a h] lajÂ&#x17D;joqh] `a Uq_]pÂ&#x192;j u ] 5., gehÂ&#x201C;iapnko `a Lh]u] >]c`]`( P]i]qhel]o* Ikn]hao _kiajpÂ&#x201C; mqa hko lnk_a) oko mqa oa oecqaj l]n] _kjpajan ah `ann]ia lqa`aj na`q_en ah lnk^hai] ] qj l]n `a oai]j]o iÂ&#x192;o( lank oe jk bqj_ekj]j oa `a^anÂ&#x192;j `a lanbkn]n lkvko `ena__ekj]hao l]n] hhac]n ]h ieoik lqjpk `a `kj`a o]ha ah lapnÂ&#x201C;) hak u atpn]anhk* D]_anhk lqa`a p]n`]n d]op] _q]pnk iaoao* Ă&#x17D;Aoa ao ah n]jck `a peailko aj ah mqa jko aop]iko ikreaj`k* Ajpna qj] oai]j]( `ko oai]j]o k _q]pnk k _ej_k iaoao* Aoa ao ah n]jck mqa lk`aiko aop]^ha_an `a _kjpaj_eÂ&#x201C;jĂ?( `efk* H] Oai]n ]Ă&#x161; niÂ&#x201C; mqa `a hhac]n ah lapnÂ&#x201C;hak ] _kop]o iate_]j]o ao) p]nÂ&#x192; aj _kj`e_ekjao `ebanajpao ] h]o ]_pq]hao( lan`anÂ&#x192; oq `ajoe`]` u reo_koe`]` `a^e`k ] h]o _kj`e_ekjao `ah ia`ek ]i^eajpa* .D
^eÂ&#x160;j ej_hqua h] na`q__eÂ&#x201C;j `a c]oao pÂ&#x201C;te_ko mqa aopÂ&#x192;j na_]hajp]j`k ah lh]jap]7 i]uknao lnkpa__ekjao ] hko _kjoqie`knao( u ]he_eajpao l]n] ah qok `a lnk`q_pko `a ]hp] aĂ&#x161; _eaj_e] ajancÂ&#x160;pe_]* Qj] aj_qaop] `a h] Ă&#x161; ni] N]oiqooaj ikopnÂ&#x201C; aj `Â&#x17D;]o l]o]`ko mqa `ko pan_an]o l]npao `a hko rkp]jpao aop]`qje`ajoao aopÂ&#x192;j lnak_ql]`ko lkn ah eil]_pk ia`ek]i^eajp]h `ah `ann]ia `a _nq`k aj ah Ckhbk `a IÂ&#x160;te_k( ] n]vÂ&#x201C;j `a 4,, ieh hepnko ]h `Â&#x17D;] `ao`a ah ., `a ]^neh* Ok^na h] na`q__eÂ&#x201C;j `a c]oao _kjp]ie) j]jpao Ă?oacÂ&#x2DC;j lnkiapeÂ&#x201C; >]n]_g K^]i] aj `e_eai^na l]o]`k ]jpa h] KJQ( aj ?k) lajd]cqaĂ? ah lh]j ^qo_] _]p]lqhp]n ] AQ _kik Ă&#x17D;hÂ&#x17D;`an iqj`e]h `a h]o ajancÂ&#x17D;]o heile]o u ran`aoĂ?( _q]j`k _ebn]o kĂ&#x161; _e]hao iqaopn]j mqa oqo ailnao]o ahÂ&#x160;_pne_]o( bÂ&#x192;^ne_]o( naĂ&#x161; janÂ&#x17D;]o u radÂ&#x17D;_qhko h]jv]j _]`] ]Â&#x2019;k ] h] ]piÂ&#x201C;oban] qjko 2*0 iehhkjao `a pkjah]`]o iÂ&#x160;pne_]o `a aieoekjao _kjp]iej]jpao( qj jerah mqa oÂ&#x201C;hk ao oqlan]`k lkn ?dej]* .D
D@C<E@F
`k[l[i ') Z[ CWoe Z[ (&'&
5FOEFODJBT
j[dZ[dY_Wi6c_b[d_e$Yec
P YbWhWXeoW 97P7 7 B7 87@7
Pi_Y$$$ IJ;M7HJ 9EEA%;<;
Kd YWpWZeh cWjWdZe kdW \eYW [d [b ]eb\e Z[ IWd Beh[dpe" 9WdWZ|$ ;b ]hkfe Yedi[hlWY_ed_ijW ?<7M i[Â&#x2039;WbÂ&#x152; Wo[h [b [iYWie _dj[hÂ&#x192;i Z[ bei YWpWZeh[i feh eXj[d[h [`[cfbWh[i Z[X_Ze Wb XW`e fh[Y_e Z[ bWi f_[b[i$
Â&#x2030;&O FM TBGBSJ FM PTJUP QSBDUJDBSf MB QFTDB FO IJFMP Z QPESf TBCPSFBS VO DIPDPMBUF DBMJFOUF KVOUP B VOB GPHBUB 1FSTPOBT P NBTDPUBT WJWBT OP QVFEFO QBSUJDJQBS EF FTUPT WJBKFTÂ&#x160; J[ZZo Jekhi BWfbWdZ Eo" kdW [cfh[iW Ă&#x2026;dbWdZ[iW" Wb Yeckd_YWh gk[ e\h[Y[ kd fWgk[j[ lWYWY_edWb fWhW bei eiei Z[ f[bkY^[$ ;b l_W`[ [ij|dZWh _dYbko[ kd fWi[e feh bW Y_kZWZ HelWd_[c_$
P l[djWdW NJMMPOFT D_Â&#x2039;ei c[deh[i Z[ + WÂ&#x2039;ei gk[ \Wbb[Y_[hed [d (&&. Z[ d[kcedÂ&#x2021;W" Z_Whh[W o cWbWh_W" i[]Â&#x2018;d kd [ijkZ_e Z[ bW ECI o [b <edZe Z[ bWi DWY_ed[i Kd_ZWi fWhW bW ?d\WdY_W$ :[ bei .$. c_bbed[i Z[ ck[hj[i _d\Wdj_b[i h[]_ijhWZWi" ,. \k[hed fheleYWZWi feh _d\[YY_ed[i$
<H7D9E%9K7HJEI9KHE
;b ]eX_[hde Z[b fWÂ&#x2021;i [ijWXb[Y_Â&#x152; Yece c[jW h[Ykf[hWh +&& c_b ^[Yj|h[Wi [d (&'&
u ah ?]ne^a lkoaa .. lkn _eajpk `a h] oqlanĂ&#x161;_ea bknaop]h ] ao_]h] iqj`e]h( ao `a_en 5-1 iehhkjao `a da_pÂ&#x192;na]o* IÂ&#x192;o `a h] iep]` oa aj) _qajpn] aj >n]oeh u // lkn _eajpk aj ?khki^e]( >khere]( IÂ&#x160;te_k( LanÂ&#x2DC; u Rajavqah]* Oej ai^]nck( oacÂ&#x2DC;j ah ejbkn) ia `a h] KJQ( `ao`a -55, d]op] .,,1 h] naceÂ&#x201C;j lan`eÂ&#x201C; _an_] `a 3 lkn _eajpk `a oq oqlanĂ&#x161;_ea ^ko_k) o] bknaop]h( hk mqa amqer]ha ] qj] p]o] `a `abknaop]_eÂ&#x201C;j ]jq]h `a 0 iehhkjao .4. ieh da_pÂ&#x192;na]o* H] Oa_nap]nÂ&#x17D;] `a Ia`ek =i^eajpa ba`an]h peaja h] iap] `a nabknaop]n 1,, ieh da_pÂ&#x192;na]o aj ah l]Â&#x17D;o l]n] .,-, ia`e]jpa qj aomqai] `a l]cko lkn oanre_eko ]i^eajp]hao( ah _q]h laniepa ] _]ilaoejko u `qaÂ&#x2019;ko `a oqahko `a _kjoanr]_eÂ&#x201C;j ej_naiajp]n h]o vkj]o ^ko_ko]o* @e_dk aomqai] ]^]n_] qj iehhÂ&#x201C;j .4 ieh da_pÂ&#x192;na]o( hk mqa nalnaoajp] qj ]r]j_a `a 1, lkn _eajpk _kj naola_pk ] hko K^faperko `ah Iehajek mqa ]`klpÂ&#x201C; IÂ&#x160;te_k ] lnej_eleko `a hko 5,*
Bei fWÂ&#x2021;i[i Yed c|i X_eZ_l[hi_ZWZ j_[d[d bWi jWiWi c|i [b[lWZWi
8_eZ_l[hi_ZWZ
;d CÂ&#x192;n_Ye" * Z[ bW Z[\eh[ijWY_Â&#x152;d ckdZ_Wb I[]Â&#x2018;d [b Fhe]hWcW Kd_l[hi_jWh_e Z[b C[Z_e 7cX_[dj[ FKC7 Z[ bW KD7C" kdW Z[ YWZW (+ ^[Yj|h[Wi Z[ Xeigk[i gk[ i[ f_[hZ[d [d [b fbWd[jW [ij| [d j[hh_jeh_e dWY_edWb CÂ&#x192;n_Ye3Afi^\ ?\ie}e[\q p I\[XZZ`Â?e
%
a ]_qan`k _kj ah Lnkcn]i] Qjeran) oep]nek `ah Ia`ek =i^eajpa $LQI=% `a h] QJ=I( 0 lkn _eajpk `a h] `abknaop]_eÂ&#x201C;j iqj`e]h k_qnna aj IÂ&#x160;te_k* P]j oÂ&#x201C;hk `a -54, ] -55, `ao]l]na_eankj 3,, ieh da_pÂ&#x192;na]o `a oahr]o pnkle_]hao ] ao_]h] j]_ekj]h* Aj ah ieoik lanek) `k( aj ?khki^e] oa atpejcqeankj 45, ieh da_pÂ&#x192;na]o( u aj >n]oeh `ko iehhkjao 1/, ieh* OacÂ&#x2DC;j ah ejbknia =r]j_ao aj h] Okopaje^ehe`]` =i^eajp]h( lna) oajp]`k lkn h] Knc]jev]_eÂ&#x201C;j `a J]_ekjao Qje`]o( aj IÂ&#x160;te_k h] p]o] ]jq]h `a `abknaop]_eÂ&#x201C;j `qn]jpa ah
lanek`k .,,,).,,1 bqa `a .0, ieh da_pÂ&#x192;na]o* Aj ah l]Â&#x17D;o -. lkn _eajpk( ao `a_en( -43 ieh da_pÂ&#x192;na]o `a oq oqlanĂ&#x161;_ea( _knnaolkj`a ] Â&#x192;na]o j]pqn]hao lnk) pace`]o( u l]n] ah Ă&#x161;j]h `ah oatajek oa aopei] mqa oa ej_naiajpaj ] .1 iehhkjao `a da_pÂ&#x192;na]o H] lÂ&#x160;n`e`] `a ^ek`eranoe`]` jko ailk^na_a u iej] h] _]l]_e`]` `a hko oeopai]o `a re`]( `a hko mqa `alaj`aiko l]n] naoeopen h]o _na) _eajpao ]iaj]v]o _kik ejqj`]) _ekjao( oamqÂ&#x17D;]o( _kjp]iej]_eÂ&#x201C;j( u oacqne`]` ]heiajp]ne]( ]`renpeÂ&#x201C; h] _kkn`ej]`kn] `ah LQI=( Ienau] Ei]v Ceolanp* Lkn aj`a( oq^n]uÂ&#x201C;( h] `eranoe`]` `ah lh]jap] aopÂ&#x192; aj cn]ra neaock( lknmqa ]mqahhko l]Â&#x17D;oao aj `kj`a
oa ]h^anc] h] i]ukn r]nea`]` ao aj hko mqa aopÂ&#x192;j k_qnneaj`k h]o p]o]o `a `abknaop]_eÂ&#x201C;j iÂ&#x192;o ahar]`]o* Kpnk aopq`ek `a h] QJ=I( ah]) ^kn]`k lkn =haf]j`nk Bh]iaj_k( ]j]hev] h] ]lhe_]_eÂ&#x201C;j `a qj oeopai] `a ikjepknak l]n] _]h_qh]n h] p]o] `a `abknaop]_eÂ&#x201C;j* Aop] ejraopec]_eÂ&#x201C;j ]`reanpa mqa h]o ar]hq]_ekjao ^]o]`]o aj qj] _ebn] lqa`aj k_qhp]n lnk_aoko nahar]jpao( ok^na pk`k aj nacekjao _kj cn]j r]) nea`]` `a ]i^eajpao u _kj`e_ekjao ok_eka_kjÂ&#x201C;ie_]o( u _]h_qh]( pki]j`k aj _qajp] ah _kjoajok cajan]h `a `eopejp]o ia`e_ekjao( mqa aj ah l]Â&#x17D;o oa lean`a qj iÂ&#x17D;jeik `a /1, ieh da_pÂ&#x192;na]o ]jq]hao( ao `a_en( 02! iÂ&#x192;o `a hk mqa nalknp] h] KJQ* H] naceÂ&#x201C;j `a H]pejk]iÂ&#x160;ne_]
P YbWl[i :Wjei Z[ I[cWhdWj @;IĂ&#x2DC;I GK?DJ7D7H
9:[b j[hh_jeh_e \eh[ijWb [d CÂ&#x192;n_Ye" .& feh Y_[dje i[ [dYk[djhW [d fhef_[ZWZ[i WZc_d_ijhWZWi feh [`_ZWjWh_ei$
9I[]Â&#x2018;d bW I[cWhdWj" [djh[ (&&& o (&&+ bW Z[\eh[ijWY_Â&#x152;d dWY_edWb WbYWdpÂ&#x152; kdW fÂ&#x192;hZ_ZW Z[ kd c_bbÂ&#x152;d (,( c_b ^[Yj|h[Wi$
Pk`ko aopko _]i^eko d]j ]hpan]`k h] `eranoe`]` ^ekhÂ&#x201C;ce_] `a h] Peann] u iq_d]o aola_eao oa d]j atpej) cqe`k k d]j oe`k aheiej]`]o `a iÂ&#x2DC;hpelhao dÂ&#x192;^ep]po7 h] atpej_eÂ&#x201C;j ao qj bajÂ&#x201C;iajk j]pqn]h( lank aopÂ&#x192; k_qnneaj`k ] qj] p]o] `aolnklkn) _ekj]`]( ]`renpeÂ&#x201C;* = ao_]h] chk^]h( .1 lkn _eajpk `a hko oqahko oa aj_qajpn] `acn]`]) `k( 1, lkn _eajpk `a h]o _q^eanp]o bknaop]hao u `a hko dqia`]hao d] `ao]l]na_e`k( u 3, lkn _eajpk `a hko ^]j_ko `a la_ao _kian_e]hao iÂ&#x192;o eilknp]jpao aopÂ&#x192; ok^naatlhkp]`k k _]lpqn]`k ] oq jerah iÂ&#x192;teik okopaje^ha* Oa aopei] mqa aj IÂ&#x160;te_k ateopaj .-. ieh 5,, aola_eao( hk mqa oecjebe_] iÂ&#x192;o `a -,! `a h] ^ek`eranoe`]` `ah lh]jap]7 k_ql] ah oacqj`k hqc]n aj nalpehao u ah _q]npk aj i]iÂ&#x17D;banko( ]jĂ&#x161;^eko u lh]jp]o* Aj h] _kjbanaj_e] =Â&#x2019;k Ejpanj]_ekj]h `a h] >ek`eranoe`]` p]i^eÂ&#x160;j oa `ek ] _kjk_an mqa IÂ&#x160;te_k lkoaa .2 ieh aola_eao `a lh]jp]o r]o_qh]nao( .40 `a ]jĂ&#x161;^eko( 3-3 pelko `a nalpehao u 01, r]nea`]`ao `a i]iÂ&#x17D;banko* Aj pannepknek j]_ekj]h d]u .2 aola_eao `a_h]n]`]o aj lahecnk `a atpej_eÂ&#x201C;j( ajpna ahh]o ah f]cq]n( ah hk^k cneo iate_]jk u ah kok jacnk* Ah l]Â&#x17D;o bkni] l]npa `a h]o _ej_k j]_ekjao aj ah iqj`k `ajkiej]`]o iac]`erano]o( fqjpk _kj ?khki^e]( >n]oeh( ?dej] u =qopn]he]( lnej_el]h) iajpa `a^e`k ] h] `eopne^q_eÂ&#x201C;j `ah naheara ikjp]Â&#x2019;kok mqa ha `] ]h pannepknek j]_ekj]h qj] ]ilhe] `eranoe`]` `a ]i^eajpao( oqahko u _hei]o( ]`aiÂ&#x192;o `a hko i]nao* .D
D@C<E@F
`k[l[i ') Z[ CWoe Z[ (&'&
$VMUVSB
;Z_jeh0 "SJFM (PO[fMF[ YkbjkhW$Z\6c_b[d_e$Yec
P jec[ dejW
PZ[b_jei c[deh[i$$$
FH;I;DJ7HĂ&#x17D;D ;B B?8HE ÂşDĂ&#x2018;D?L;Âť
:B RVF FM QSFTJEFOUF WFOF[PMBOP )VHP $IfWF[ QBSFDF EPNJOBS QFSGFDUBNFOUF MB BTJHOBUVSB Â&#x2030;VTPT EF MB IJTUPSJBÂ&#x160; OP MF IB TJEP EJGpDJM EFDSFUBS RVF UPEPT UPEPT MPT BSDIJWPT EF 4JNuO #PMpWBS Z 'SBODJTDP EF .JSBOEB FTUlO CBKP FM DPOUSPM EFM HPCJFSOP FT EFDJS EF lM NJTNP
>eo [d fkdje Z[ bWi .0)& Z[ bW deY^[" [ij|d _dl_jWZei W bW fh[i[djWY_Â&#x152;d Z[ bW fbWgk[jj[ ÂşDÂ&#x2021;d_l[Âť Z[ 9h_ij_dW 7hh[ebW C|hgk[p$ DÂ&#x2021;d_l[ [i kdW i[b[YY_Â&#x152;d Z[ Yk[djei Yed j[cWi [iYWjebÂ&#x152;]_Yei" eYkbjei [d bW iecXhW ieY_Wb1 Z_Y^W fkXb_YWY_Â&#x152;d [i fWhj[ Z[ bW 9eb[YY_Â&#x152;d EkheXehei Z[ dWhhWj_lW" kd fheo[Yje Z[ bW <WY$ Z[ B[jhWi o 9eckd_YWY_Â&#x152;d Z[ bW KZ[9$ BW Y_jW [i [b 7hY^_le >_ijÂ&#x152;h_Ye Z[b Ckd_Y_f_e Z[ 9eb_cW ?dZ[f[dZ[dY_W -/ $ ;djhWZW b_Xh[$
P `Wdi
CÂ&#x192;n_Ye3C\k`Z`X J}eZ_\q
%
aolqÂ&#x160;o `a _q]pnk ]Â&#x2019;ko `a d]^an lan) i]ja_e`k _ann]`k( ah Iqoak `ah ?dklk na]^nenÂ&#x192; oqo lqanp]o ah lnÂ&#x201C;teik -4 `a i]uk _kj qj a`eĂ&#x161;_ek pn]jorano]h aj oq ejpa) nekn( `eoaÂ&#x2019;]`k lkn ah ]nmqepa_pk Ajnemqa Jknpaj* Ă&#x17D;Jkokpnko _naaiko mqa bqa qj] `a h]o ejpanraj_ekjao iÂ&#x192;o ]bknpq) j]`]o mqa oa d]j da_dk aj a`eĂ&#x161;_eko ]jpecqkoĂ?( ]Ă&#x161;niÂ&#x201C; Oa]hpeah =h]opneopa( _kkn`ej]`kn `a @ebqoeÂ&#x201C;j ?qhpqn]h `a h] QJ=I( ]jpao `a qj na_knne`k lkn ah jqark a`eĂ&#x161;_ek* H] e`a] bqa ran ] aopa ejiqa^ha deopÂ&#x201C;ne_k Ă&#x17D;`a qj] i]jan] iÂ&#x192;o ik) `anj]( oeailna _kj h] ejpaj_eÂ&#x201C;j `a _kjoanr]nhk( _kjopnquaj`k qj jqark a`eĂ&#x161;_ek l]n] `]nha qj pkmqa ik`anjkĂ?( `aop]_Â&#x201C;* =jpa h] ]qoaj_e] `ah ]qpkn `ah jqark nkopnk `ah Iqoak `a ?dklk( Ajnemqa Jknpaj( ah bqj_ekj]nek `efk mqa ah napn]ok `a _q]pnk ]Â&#x2019;ko oa `a^eÂ&#x201C; ]h _]i^ek `a ]`iejeopn]_eÂ&#x201C;j aj h] iÂ&#x192;tei] _]o] `a aopq`eko* Lna_eoÂ&#x201C; mqa h] ejranoeÂ&#x201C;j ao `a iÂ&#x192;o `a -11 iehhkjao `a laoko( `a hko _q]hao h] Qjeranoe`]` ]lknpÂ&#x201C; --1 iehhkjao `a laoko* Ă&#x17D;H] ejranoeÂ&#x201C;j eje_e]h bqa `a 2, iehhkjao( ]lknp]`ko aj l]npao ecq]) hao lkn h] QJ=I( ?kj]_qhp] u ah ck^eanjk `ah @eopnepk Ba`an]h( _kj ah _kilnkieok `a mqa h] QJ=I ]lknp]n] pk`]o h]o _]jpe`]`ao mqa oqncean]j* Ah lnaoqlqaopk _na_eÂ&#x201C; ] 51 iehhkjao `a laoko( lank dq^k qj] ]ilhe]_eÂ&#x201C;j iÂ&#x192;o aj aop] ]`) iejeopn]_eÂ&#x201C;j( `a 2, iehhkjao `a laoko( _kj hk _q]h( ah pkp]h `a h] ejranoeÂ&#x201C;j oqi] -11 iehhkjao `a laokoĂ?* =jqj_eÂ&#x201C; mqa ah Iqoak oanÂ&#x192; nae) j]qcqn]`k ah lnÂ&#x201C;teik -4 `a i]uk _kj pnao atlkoe_ekjao l]n]hah]o6 Aba_pk @nÂ&#x192;_qh]+_kiqje`]`ao aj pn]jobkni]_eÂ&#x201C;j( _qn]`] lkn RÂ&#x17D;_pkn V]iq`ek7 @aba_pk _kiÂ&#x2DC;j+E`ajpe) `]`ao aj `eokhq_eÂ&#x201C;j( _kj_a^e`] lkn FkoÂ&#x160; =jpkjek Nk`nÂ&#x17D;cqav( u =ba_pk `eranok+cÂ&#x160;jank aj Ă&#x203A;qfk( lh]ja]`] lkn G]naj ?kn`ank* Ă&#x17D;Na_e^en aj danaj_e] qj hqc]n p]j ai^haiÂ&#x192;pe_k aj h] ?eq`]` `a IÂ&#x160;te_k _kik ah ?dklk ao( l]n] =hi] Nko] FeiÂ&#x160;jav $`ena_pkn] `ah na_ejpk% u l]n] iÂ&#x17D;( qj] cn]j naolkjo]^ehe`]`( lknmqa ]mqÂ&#x17D; oa d]j bkni]`k cn]j`ao ]npeop]o( ]mqÂ&#x17D; d]j j]_e`k iq_d]o paj`aj_e]o `ah ]npa _kjpailknÂ&#x192;jakĂ?( ]ncqiajpÂ&#x201C; Oa]hpeah*
Ejhe heijhe Ah Iqoak `ah ?dklk( aj oq jqar] ap]l] lnkua_p]`] lkn ah ]nmqepa_) pk Ajnemqa Jknpaj( d] pnelhe_]`k oqo aol]_eko `a klan]_eÂ&#x201C;j( lqao
]dkn] _kjp]nÂ&#x192; _kj iÂ&#x192;o `a ieh -,, iapnko `a o]h]o `a atde^e_eÂ&#x201C;j( qj bknk _ann]`k _kj .-2 ^qp]_]o( qj _ejai]pÂ&#x201C;cn]bk amqel]`k _kj r]j) cq]n`e] pa_jkhÂ&#x201C;ce_] aj okje`k u lnkua__eÂ&#x201C;j `a re`ak* Oej ai^]nck( _q]j`k h]o lanokj]o ejcnao]j ] aopko aol]_eko _q^eanpko( l]na_a mqa aopÂ&#x192;j aj kpnk hqc]n( jk aj ah Iqoak `ah ?dklk* D]u mqa o]hen `a ahhko l]n] ]lna_e]n ah ao) lhaj`kn `a h] aopnq_pqn] knecej]h( h] _q]h ]dkn] _qajp] _kj qj _ajpnk `a ejbkni]_eÂ&#x201C;j ejpacn]`k lkn qj] j]_eajpa ^e^hekpa_] aola_e]hev]`] aj ]npa u qj] ia`e]pa_]( ]`aiÂ&#x192;o `a qj] _]bapanÂ&#x17D;]( ^k`ac]o( p]hhanao u Â&#x192;na]o `a `ao_]jok* =h reoep]n _]`] aol]_ek `ah ej) iqa^ha na`eoaÂ&#x2019;]`k lkn Jknpaj( =hi] Nko] FeiÂ&#x160;jav( `ena_pkn] `ah Iqoak( `efk mqa h] ejpanraj) _eÂ&#x201C;j ]nmqepa_pÂ&#x201C;je_] jk ]ba_pÂ&#x201C; h] aopnq_pqn] `ah Iqoak `ah ?dklk( mqa `]p] `a -5,0* IkopnÂ&#x201C;( fqopk aj ah atpnaik `ana_dk `ah iqoak( mqa oa mqep]) nkj hko rajp]j]hao `a h] aopnq_pqn] knecej]h l]n] mqa ah jqark a`eĂ&#x161;_ek _kjp]n] _kj qj aol]_ek iÂ&#x192;o ]ilhek( _kj hk _q]h oa lqa`aj naejop]h]n aj _q]hmqean ikiajpk* FeiÂ&#x160;jav ]_h]nÂ&#x201C; mqa h] aoaj_e] `ah ?dklk jk _]i^e]nÂ&#x192;( lqao _kj) Ă&#x161;niÂ&#x201C; mqa ah lnkua_pk _qhpqn]h mqa hk `aĂ&#x161;ja _kjpejq]nÂ&#x192;*
H[WXh[ bW KD7C
Cki[e Z[b 9^efe ;b [Z_\_Y_e ^_ijÂ&#x152;h_Ye '/&* ^W i_Ze eX`[je Z[ kdW h[ijWkhWY_Â&#x152;d _dj[]hWb W YWh]e Z[b Whgk_j[Yje ;dh_gk[ Dehj[d$ ;d Yed`kdje" bW _dl[hi_Â&#x152;d WbYWdpW bei '++ c_bbed[i Z[ f[iei
;Z_Ă&#x2026;Y_e kd_l[hi_jWh_e Yed lWbeh fWjh_ced_Wb
CĂ&#x2022;D?97 =EDPĂ&#x17D;B;P
@a ]_qan`k _kj aola_e]heop]o aj ]nmqepa_pqn] u l]pneikjek( _kik ?enk ?]n]^]hhk( ah a`eĂ&#x161;_k `ah ?dklk ao qj ^eaj l]pneikje]h nalnaoajp]) perk `a h] ]nmqepa_pqn] `a aol]_ek Ă&#x203A;ate^ha( `eoaÂ&#x2019;]`k lkn L]qh Gjk^ka( aj -5,.( aj =hai]je]* H] aopnq_pqn] bqa ]`mqene`] aj =hai]je] lkn ailnao]neko iate_]jko* Oq ajo]i^h]fa eje_eÂ&#x201C; aj -5,/ u _kj_hquÂ&#x201C; `ko ]Â&#x2019;ko iÂ&#x192;o p]n`a( `]j`k e`ajpe`]` ] h] _khkje] O]jp] I]nÂ&#x17D;] h] Ne^an]* Bqa qpehev]`k l]n] ]h^anc]n h] atlkoe_eÂ&#x201C;j `a =npa Ej`qopne]h `a F]lÂ&#x201C;j aj -5-,( _kik l]npa `a h]o _kjiaikn]_ekjao `ah _ajpaj]nek `a h] Ej`alaj`aj_e]* H] QJ=I ao naolkjo]^ha `a aopa a`eĂ&#x161;_ek `ao`a -5.5( ]qjmqa pqrk mqa ]^]j`kj]nhk ] hk h]nck `a -, ]Â&#x2019;ko lkn qj lnk^hai] hac]h _kj oqo lneianko `qaÂ&#x2019;ko( hk mqa k^hecÂ&#x201C; ] _ann]n oqo lqanp]o* Aj -53/ oa na]hevÂ&#x201C; ah lneian lnk_aok `a ejpanraj_eÂ&#x201C;j( hk mqa laniepenÂ&#x17D;] oq naej]qcqn]_eÂ&#x201C;j aj -531( _kik Iqoak Qjeranoep]nek `ah ?dklk* Aj h] Â&#x2DC;hpei] `Â&#x160;_]`]( ah a`eĂ&#x161;_ek oenreÂ&#x201C; `a bknk ] h]o lnklqaop]o `a _qhpqn] qn^]j] ]hpanj]per]( ]oÂ&#x17D; _kik qj aol]_ek `a aj_qajpnk `a cnqlko jk _kjraj_ekj]hao* .D
D@C<E@F
`k[l[i ') Z[ CWoe Z[ (&'&
J7F?HE
E\h[Y[d Yed\[h[dY_Wi cW]_ijhWb[i
:Wd fbki W bW \ehcWY_ d Z[ [ijkZ_Wdj[i 9eb_cW3@mfee\ 9XiXaXj
%
]j qj lhqo ] h] bkni]_e j `a aopq`e]jpao `a i oe_]6 Hko cqep]nneop]o i o lnaopece]) `ko `ah iqj`k bqankj atpenl]`ko Ìpailkn]hiajpaÌ `a oq _eq`]` `a knecaj l]n] rajen ] ?khei] `kj`a kbna_aj _h]oao u _kjbanaj_e]o i]) ceopn]hao ] aopq`e]jpao `ah Ejopepqpk Qjeranoep]nek `a >ahh]o =npao $EQ>=%7 oq reoep] oa aji]n_] aj ah Baoper]h Ejpanj]_ekj]h Cqep]nnki]j ]( mqa oa _aha^n] aj oq mqejp] a`e_e j `ah -- ]h -1 `a i]uk* ÎAo qj] k_]oe j iqu r]heko] l]n] hko aopq`e]jpao lknmqa rea)
jaj lnkbaoekj]hao _kj ]ilhe] atlaneaj_e]6 lanokj]o mqa d]j pk_]`k aj pk`k ah iqj`k( aj pk) `]o h]o o]h]o `ah iqj`k* Ao qj lhqo l]n] oq lnal]n]_e j ]_]` ie_]Ï ]oacqn Oeikja E]j]nahhe( i oe_k lnkbaoekj]h u _kilkoepkn `a k^n]o l]n] cqep]nn]* Aj ajpnareop] l]n] IEHAJEK ?KHEI= d]^h `a oq ejpan o lkn lnkikran h]o _kilkoe_ekjao _kjpailkn ja]o6 ÎH] cqep]nn] _h]n]iajpa peaja hepan]pqn] iq) oe_]h `a pk`]o h]o lk_]o( lank aj h] ]_pq]he`]` d]u _kilkoepknao _kj iq_d]o ejÛ qaj_e]o `a h] i oe_] lklqh]n( `ah f]vv( `ah ^hqao u oa
DVMUVSB
=k_jWhh_ijWi fh[ij_]_WZei [d [b ckdZe" e\h[Y[d YbWi[i W [ijkZ_Wdj[i Z[b ?K87
_kjÛ quaj aj h] cqep]nn] iq_d]o jqar]o e`a]oÏ* =qjmqa ha bqa eilkoe^ha at) lhe_]n _kj l]h]^n]o ah ]_pk `a h] _na]_e j ]np ope_]( ]oacqn mqa ao qj lnk_aok mqa peaja mqa ran _kj h] bkni]_e j iqoe_]h u h] oajoe) ^ehe`]` `a _]`] lanokj]6 ÎHk mqa l]o] _q]j`k _kilkjao( ]h ecq]h mqa _q]j`k ao_ne^ao qj lkai] k qj] jkrah]( okj lnk_aoko `eb _ehao `a atlhe_]n u _k`eÚ _]n( l]o] aj ah ikiajpk ]qjmqa ah lnk_aok r] naol]h`]`k lkn qj] bkni]_e j lnkbaoekj]hÏ* H]o ]_pere`]`ao `a Cqep]nnki]j ] _kjpej ]j6 I]nek Mqejp]jehh] $I te_k% ]_p ] ah fqarao( ah ajo]i^ha `a _ i]n] `ah EJ>= ah reanjao( u oa kbna_an qj _kj_eanpk `a at_ahaj_e] ah o ^]`k* Hko arajpko ]jqj_e]`ko ]jpanekniajpa( mqa oa _aha^n]n j aj lqjpk `a h]o -36/, dkn]o( okj cn]pqepko* P]i^e j d]^n ]_pere`]`ao jk_) pqnj]o6 ah fqarao kbna_a qj _kj_eanpk ah ep]he]jk I]ooeik @ahha ?aoa( ah reanjao oa lnaoajp] ah @ k Na]h u ah o ^]`k Naie >kq_dan $?]j]` %* H]o _ep]o okj ah Pa]pnk De`]hck aj lqjpk `a h]o .,6/, dkn]o* Ajpn]`]6 -,, laoko* I]uknao ejbkniao ]h /-2 -- 33* .D
> he[i" \h[Wai o ikf[hhWX_dei" [d kdW ck[ijhW
Fh[c_e W bWi 7hj[i
Ikf[hcWd YedjhW >_jb[h [d 8[hb d
=WdW H_Y^WhZ I[hhW [b Fh dY_f[ Z[ 7ijkh_Wi
:[jh|i Z[ bei
ikf[^ he[i ieb Wd [ijWh Z_Xk`Wdj[i Z[ eh ][d[i `kZ ei 8[hb d3<=<
&
h Iqoak Fq` k `a >anh j ej) _knlkn] _khkn u re ap]o ] oqo _kha__ekjao d]^epq]hao cn]_e]o ] qj] atlkoe_e j _ajpn]`] aj h] `eiajoe j fq` ] `ah ]npa `ah _ ie_ mqa( ^]fk ah p pqhk `a D nkao( bna]go u oqlann]^ejko( iqaopn] _ ik Oqlani]j u >]pi]j ejpaj) p]nkj ]_]^]n _kj Dephan* I o `a 0,, k^fapko _kik lkn) p]`]o `a nareop]o( re`ako u l]jahao iqaopn]j mqa( `apn o `a hko i o _kjk_e`ko d nkao iqj`e]hao( ok) h ]j oepq]noa `e^qf]jpao k a`epknao _kj kn cajao fq` ko* Aj aoa oajpe`k( jk ao aj ^]h`a mqa Oqlani]j( >]pi]j( @]na`areh k ah ?]lep j =i ne_]( ajpna kpnko( k_ql]nkj l]npa `a oq peailk aj hq_d]n _kjpn] h]o bqanv]o `ah j]) _ekj]hok_e]heoik u aj `]nha qj] ha__e j ]h ieoi oeik Dephan* H] atlkoe_e j oa `ere`a aj oaeo _]l pqhko( aj hko mqa ah reoep]jpa na_knna l cej]o nalhap]o `a deo) pkneap]o( mqa _kieajv]j _kj hko eje_eko `a h]o pen]o _ ie_]o aj h]o lq^he_]_ekjao `a Fk) oald Lqhepvan u Sehhe]i N* Da]nop* Aj oqo o]h]o p]i^e j oa d]_a qj nal]ok ] h] re`] u BkY^ YedjhW bWi \k[hpWi Z[b dWY_edW k^n] `a ]qpknao `a knecaj bieY_Wb_ice fq` k( _kik Fannu Oeacah( _na]`kn `a Oqlani]j7 D]nrau Gqnpvi]j( H] iqaopn] na_qan`] mqa h] deo) fq` ko* bqj`]`kn `a h] nareop] o]p ne_] pkne] `ah _ ie_ _kieajv] ] Ú j]hao ?q]j`k h] ej`qopne] `ah _ ie_ I=@( k =np Oleacahi]j( defk `a `ah oechk TET _kj lq^he_]_ekjao pki bqanv]( aj hko ] ko pnaejp]( h]o oqlanrereajpao `ah Dkhk_]qopk u `kieje_]hao `a Jqar] Ukng( l]n] re ap]o ej_hq ]j pai]o rej_qh]`ko _na]`kn `a deopkneap]o r]jcq]n) are`aj_e]n h] eilknp]j_e] aj aoa _kj hko fq` ko( lank jk `a i]jan] `eop]o u oatq]hao* _]ilk `a hko defko `a ejiecn]jpao atlh _ep]* Aj ] ko oq_aoerko( ]hcqjko
;<;
`e^qf]jpao ejpnk) `q_ ]j( ] pn]r o `a h]o deopkne]o u hko lanokj]) fao( _n pe_]o ] hko j]veo* @aop]_] h] deopkne] `a Dknop Nkoajpd]h( `e^q) f]jpa fq` k mqa _kjp aj re ap]o _kj Ie_gau Ikqoa hk mqa oq_a` ] aj hko _]ilko `a _kj) _ajpn]_e j( l]n] ]_]^]n na_hqe`k aj =qo_dsepv d]op] oq iqanpa* @aolq o `a h] Oacqj`] Cqann] Iqj`e]h( ah pai] `ah ]jpeoaiepeoik _k^n lnkp]ckjeoik ] l]npen `ah fqe_ek ]h _knkjah `a h]o OO =`khb Ae_di]jj( hk mqa `ek ] _kjk_an i o ejbkni]_e j ok^na ah Dkhk_]qopk u lnkrk) _ mqa ah p le_k oa ej) _hquan] aj h] hepan]pqn] cn Ú _]* =o ( `qn]jpa hko 2,( ah ej_na ^ha Dqhg( hko lanokj]fao `a T)Iaj k hko ?q]pnk B]jp ope_ko pn]p]nkj pai]o _kik h] rekhaj_e]( ah n]_eoik k ah ]jpefq`] oik oej p]^ ao* H] _]qo] fq` ] oecqe rej_qh]`] ]h _ ie_( d]op] ah lqjpk `a mqa aj -534 oqnce ÎO]^n]i]jÏ( ranoe j eon]ah `a qj oq) land nka jknpa]iane_]jk na_kjranpe`k aj qj oqla) nn]^ejk* ?kj h] _kh]^kn]_e j `a hko iq) oako fq` ko `a L]n o u =iopan`]i( h] iqaopn] lk`n ranoa aj h] _]lep]h ]hai]j] d]op] ]ckopk* .D
El_[Ze" ;ifW W3;G8
&
h ao_qhpkn aop]`qje`ajoa Ne_d]n` Oann] bqa c]h]n`kj]`k _kj ah Lnaiek Ln j_ela `a =opqne]o `a h]o =npao* Ah c]h]n` j oa ha _kj_a`a Îlkn oq ]q`]_e] l]n] ranpa^n]n `ao`a oq lanola_per] iejei]heop] hko aol]_eko qn^]jko i o oecjeÚ _]perko ] ao_]h] ejpanj]_ekj]h( ] pn]r o `a k^n]o `a cn]j lkpaj_e] reoq]h mqa ejrep]j ] h] naÛ ate j u ]h ]oki^nkÏ( ej`e_ ah fqn]`k naqje`k aj Krea`k( Aol] ]* Oann] oa eilqok aj h] rkp]_e j Ú j]h ]h _eja]op] aol] kh ?]nhko O]q) n] u ]h `ena_pkn `a knmqaop] ep]he]jk Ne__]n`k Iqpe* Defk `a l]`na aol] kh( j]_e`k aj O]j Bn]j_eo_k aj -5/5( Oann] ao qjk `a hko ao_qhpknao i o nahar]jpao `a h] r]jcq]n`e] `a h] oacqj`] iep]` `ah oechk TT lkn oq reoe j ejjkr]`kn] _kj h] mqa ejpacn] hko aol]_eko qn^]jko aj qj] k^n] mqa ejrep] ] h] naÛ ate j* ÎIqu rej_qh]`k _kj h] iafkn pn]) `e_e j `ah ]npa aqnklak( Oann] ao qj ]npeop] lkheb]_ pe_k _qu] `eiajoe j qjerano]h oa atlnao] aj bkni]o _kj) pqj`ajpao u _kj_alpko oqcaoperkoÏ( ] ]`e ah fqn]`k aj oq ]_p]* Ah ao_qhpkn ao _kjk_e`k lkn oqo k^n]o iejei]heop]o u lkn oqo leav]o `a cn]j p]i] k* Oq p _je_] oa oenra `a i]pane]hao ej`qopne]hao _kik ah lhkik( ah ]_ank u ah dkniec j* Aj Aol] ]( oq k^n] oa lqa`a ]lna_e]n aj ah Iqoak Naej] Okb ] `a I]`ne`( aj ah Iqoak `a =npa ?kjpailkn jak `a >]n_ahkj] u aj ah Cqccajdaei `a >eh^]k* Bqan] `ah l] o e^ ne_k( oa lqa`a ran aj Jqar] Ukng( L]n o u aj Eoh]j`e]* Ah Lnaiek Ln j_ela `a =opqne]o `a h]o =npao ao ah lneiank `a hko k_dk c]h]n`kjao mqa oa b]hh]n j aopa ] k* .D
`k[l[i ') Z[ CWoe Z[ (&'&
QBTBUJFNQPT
[b j_[cfe Yehh[e6c_b[d_eYeb_cW$Yec$cn
YhkY_]hWcW
ikZeak
1
2
3
4
5
6
8 10
11
15
7
9
12
13
16
14
17
19
18
20
21
22
23
28
29
24 25
26
27
30
31
?dijhkYY_ed[i0 Bb[dW YWZW ikX#YkWZh YkbW Z[ )n) Yed bei d c[hei Z[b ' Wb / W fWhj_h Z[ bei gk[ oW [ij|d i[ WbWZei [d YWZW Y[bZW" f[he de h[f_jWi d_d] d d c[he [d kdW c_icW \_bW" YebkcdW e ikXYkWZh YkbW$
32
33
34
35 37
36 38
39
J[b \edei Z[ _dj[h i
43
FbWd[j IodZ_YWj_ed
IebkY_ d Z[b Wdj[h_eh
41
40
42 44
>EH?PEDJ7B;I0 '$ F[ij[ d[]hW" YWkiWZW feh bW XWYj[h_W O[hi_d_W f[ij_i" jhWdic_j_ZW feh bW fkb]W o hWjWi$ ,$ <WhZe e b e" Z[ fW`W e \ehhW`[" [jY j[hW _dl[hj_Ze $ .$ CWc \[he YWhd lehe iWblW`[" fWh[Y_Ze Wb f[hhe$ /$
;b d c[he kde Z[ bW XWhW`W$ '&$ <ehcW Z[ bW i[]kdZW f[hiedW i_d]kbWh WcXei ] d[hei$ '($ I cXebei gk c_Yei" Z[ _h_Z_e o oeZe$ ')$ :k[ e" fWjh d$ '*$ 7Z`[j_le fei[i_le _dl[hj_Ze $ '+$ @el[d ^[hceie$
'-$ :[i[cXeYWZkhW Z[ kd h e$ '/$ jhW Zei$ ')$ :[ ]hWd fhe\kdZ_ZWZ :WdpW fefkbWh Z[ 9kXW" Z[ eh_][d ikXcWh_dW$ '*$ @kdjWh [d kde$ W\h_YWde$ (&$ 7dkbWh" Z_iebl[h$ ('$ ',$ F[iWZe" ceb[ije e ]hWleie$ B_cf_[pW$ (($ ÎhXeb Z[ bW \Wc_# '.$ Ck`[h gk[ cedjW W YWXWbbe$ b_W Z[ bWi c_hj|Y[Wi" \hkje cko (&$ FbWdjW WdkWb Z[ bW \Wc_b_W Z[ fWh[Y_Ze W bW ]kWoWXW 9eijW bWi Yecfk[ijWi Z[ Æeh[i cko H_YW $ ()$ H e ik_pe" WÆk[dj[ Z[b ^[hceiWi f[he i_d ebeh$ (($ L[h # H_d$ (*$ >ecXh[ gk[ ]WbWdj[W W d_YW±" '/+( " YWdjWdj[ o WYjh_p kdW ck`[h$ (+$ Kde Z[ bei f[h# c[n_YWdW$ (+$ 9kWhpe `Wif[WZe Z[ iedW`[i Z[ bW del[bW Bei jh[i Yebeh[i cko l_lei fbkhWb $ (,$ Lep Ceigk[j[hei$ (.$ EYh[" c_d[hWb Z[ YWh_ e Yed gk[ i[ Z[i_]dW W gk[ i[ [cfb[W [d f_djkhW$ (/$ kdW ^[hcWdW$ (-$ D_d\W cWh_dW" D c[he Z[ bei Wf ijeb[i Z[ Yed bW ZkbpkhW Z[ ik YWdje WjhW[ @[i i$ )($ EXh[he [cfb[WZe [d W bei dWl[]Wdj[i$ (/$ 9kXh_h bei i[hl_Y_ei Z[b WbkcXhWZe feh Yed ehe bW ikf[hÅY_[ Z[ Wb]e$ )&$ ]Wi$ )*$ >WY[h e YWkiWh hk_Ze$ 9WX[bbe XbWdYe$ )'$ J[iehe f Xb_Ye )+$ 7jWiYWh" eXijhk_h$ ),$ H e Z[ o bk]Wh ZedZ[ i[ ]kWhZW$ ))$ 7c h_YW Z[b Ikh" [b cWoeh Z[ Ck`[h gk[ i[ Åd][ WZ_l_dW$ bW 9k[dYW Z[b FbWjW$ )-$ JWj[$ ).$ )*$ Fed[i Wb]e \k[hW Z[b bk]Wh ;nY[ie Z[ Wkje[ij_cW$ )/$ ;d ZedZ[ [ijWXW$ ),$ KlW Z[i[YWZW [ij[ bk]Wh$ *&$ I cXebe gk c_Ye Wb ieb$ *($ 9edjhWYY_ d ]hWcWj_YWb$ Z[b Wh] d$ *'$ I cXebe Z[b ieZ_e$ BWkhW Jehh[i CWhj d[p *($ 9eY_dWh W \k[]e Z_h[Yje$ *)$ 9k[hZW ]hk[iW Z[ [ifWhje$ **$ Gk[ _c_jW e i[ fWh[Y[ Wb IEBK9?ÕD 7B 7DJ;H?EH IEBK9?ÕD 7B 7DJ;H?EH ]bWi $ L;HJ?97B;I0 '$ I_bbW Z[ G O R A N G U T A N P XhWpei Yed [b h[ifWbZe O M O E R L S A _dYb_dWZe ^WY_W Wjh|i$($ R I N M O N O S M A S Cede Z[ YWX[pW ]hWdZ[ I C S N A S P L A Yed dWh_p WfbWdWZW o jhedYe L O R O S E N A D A R heXkije >edZkhWi $ )$ Fepe A S M A N D R I L R A Z[b YkWb i[ iWYW [b W]kW Yed P A R O N E M A bW c|gk_dW$ *$ 7l[ pWdYkZW A S P R I M A T E L A Z[ bWi h[]_ed[i Y|b_ZWi Z[ C A L A O E O R D E N ;khefW$ +$ I cXebe gk c_Ye O N C P A T A M I Z[b YeXWbje$ ,$ I[ h[ d[ kdW T A S S O R I A P U S f[hiedW Yed ejhW$ -$ FedZh A R N L T P R A [b f_[ [d Wb]e$ /$ =kWZWbkf[±" R H O M I N I D O S R fe[j_iW c[n_YWdW$ ''$ :_i#
8ecX[hei 9eb_cW )'(#+.+. 8ecX[hei L_bbW Z[ ÎblWh[p )''#,&,, 9hkp He`W 9eb_cW )')#.-.- 9hkp He`W J[Yec|d )(*#'&&' 9hkp He`W 7hc[h W )((#&-'& 9hkp He`W CWdpWd_bbe )),#+--& Fhej[YY_ d 9_l_b 9eb_cW )')#&)'' Fhej[YY_ d 9_l_b J[Yec|d )(*#&('+ Fhej[YY_ d 9_l_b C_dWj_jb|d )),#&&/' Fhej[YY_ d 9_l_b 9kWk^j[ceY )(.#&.&/ Fhej[YY_ d 9_l_b CWdpWd_bbe )),#-)&& F<F 9eb_cW )(.#&-(+ F<F J[Yec|d )(*#+&+& F<F CWdpWd_bbe )),# +,-- Feb_Y_W ;ijWjWb Fh[l[dj_lW )'(#(&/& 7d][b[i L[hZ[i 9eb_cW )),#,,&& Jh|di_je o L_Wb_ZWZ 9eb_cW )'*#/('( Jh|di_je o L_Wb_ZWZ 9egk_cWjb|d )()#&''' Jh|di_je o L_Wb_ZWZ CWdpWd_bbe )((#'/*, Jh|di_je o L_Wb_ZWZ L_bbW Z[ ÎblWh[p )',#))', Jh|di_je o L_Wb_ZWZ 7hc[h W )((#&'/'
Y_d[ <
`k[l[i ') Z[ CWoe Z[ (&'&
Y _ d [
()
9edj_d W [d YWhj[b[hW 9edj_d W [d YWhj[b[hW IjWhZkij0 [b c_ij[h_e ?hed CWd ( Z[ bW [ijh[bbW
;ijW ikf[hfheZkYY_ d [i kde Z[ bei [ijh[dei c|i
;ijW ^_ijeh_W Yec_[dpW [d kdW f[# [if[hWZei Z[ (&'&$ :_h_]_ZW feh @ed <Wlh[Wk" ?hed gk[ W Y_kZWZ Z[ ?d]bWj[hhW o gk[ CWd ( [i bW i[Yk[bW Z[b n_je Z[ jWgk_bbW Z[ (&&." Yed HeX[hj :emd[o @h$ Z[ dk[le _dj[hfh[jWdZe Wb j[hc_dW [d bk]Wh[i gk[ [n_ij[d cW]dWj[ Jedo IjWha" gk_[d Yece ?hed CWd i be [d [b h[_de Z[ bW _cW]_dWY_ d$
[d 9eb_cW
9ec[djWh_ei o ik][h[dY_Wi Yehh[e6c_b[d_eYeb_cW$Yec$cn ;d YWhj[b[hW 799?ÕD B[]_ d Z[ Îd][b[i 8'+
9kWdZe :_ei f_[hZ[ bW <[ [d bW ^kcWd_ZWZ" cWdZW kdW b[]_ d Z[ |d][b[i fWhW jhW[h [b 7feYWb_fi_i$ BW d_YW [if[hWdpW Z[ bW >kcWd_ZWZ gk[ZW [d kd d_ e gk[ [ij| feh dWY[h" YkoW cWZh[ Z[X[ i[h Yk_ZWZW feh [b WhY|d][b C_]k[b FWkb 8[jjWdo " gk_[d Yed bW _Z[dj_ZWZ Z[ feb_Y W WokZW W kd ]hkfe Z[ fk[Xb[h_dei YecWdZWZei feh 8eX >Wdied :[dd_i GkW_Z " [d [ij[ \_bc[ Z[ WYY_ d Z_h_]_Ze feh IYejj Ij[mWhj$ B[]_ed % :_h[Yjeh0 IYejj Ij[mWhj % 7Yjeh[i0 :[dd_i GkW_Z" FWkb 8[jjWdo" AWj[ MWbi^" BkYWi 8bWYa % :khWY_ d0 '&& c_di$ % FW i Eh_][d0 ;ijWZei Kd_Zei % 7 e0 (&'&
9_d feb_i CWdpWd_bbe0
:_Wh_e0 IK8 0 ',0*&%'.0+&%('0&& CWj_d [ :ec0 '(0'&%'*0(& 9_d feb_i0 :_Wh_e0 IK8 0 ',0&&%'.0&+ CWj_d [ :ec0 '*0'&
<kh_W Z[ J_jWd[i 8 DWY_Ze o Yh_WZe Yece kd ^ecXh[" F[hi[e de fk[Z[ [l_jWh iWblWh W ik \Wc_b_W Z[ >WZ[i" kd l[d]Wj_le Z_ei Z[b _d\hWckdZe1 Yed dWZW gk[ f[hZ[h" F[hi[e i[ e\h[Y[ W [cfh[dZ[h kdW c_i_ d fWhW Z[hhejWh W >WZ[i Wdj[i Z[ gk[ b[ Whh[XWj[ [b feZ[h W P[ki o Z[iWjWh kd Wkj dj_Ye _d\_[hde [d bW J_[hhW$ 9ece b Z[h Z[ kd ]hkfe Z[ lWb_[dj[i ]k[hh[hei" F[hi[e _d_Y_W kd f[b_]heie l_W`[ gk[ be bb[lW W ckdZei fhe^_X_Zei o be [d\h[djWh| W Z[ced_ei o X[ij_Wi j[hh_Xb[i" f[he i be feZh| ieXh[l_l_h i_ WY[fjW ik feZ[h Z[ Z_ei o Z[Y_Z[ YWcX_Wh ik fhef_e Z[ij_de$ J_jkbe eh_]_dWb0 9bWi^ E\ J^[ J_jWdi % :_h[Yjeh0 Bek_i B[j[hh_[h % 7Yjeh[i0 IWc Mehj^_d]jed" B_Wc D[[ied" 7b[nW :WlWbei % :khWY_ d0 '&, c_di$ % FW i Eh_][d0 ;$K% 7 e0 (&'&
9_d feb_i CWdpWd_bbe0
:_Wh_e0 IK8 0 '+0&&%'-0)&%(&0&&%((0)+ CWj_d [ :ec0 '(0)& 9_d feb_i0 :_Wh_e0 IK8 ):0 '*0+&%'-0'&%'/0)&%((0&&
C_ L[Y_de [i kd ;if W 7 8eX >e [i kd [n W][dj[ Z[ bW 9?7" i_d [cXWh]e" dWZW be ^W fh[fWhWZe fWhW ik c|i hkZW c_i_ d0 Yk_ZWh W bei ^_`ei Z[ ik del_W" YeiW gk[ de i[h| \|Y_b [d WXiebkje$ FWhW Yebce Z[ cWb[i" jeZe i[ iWbZh| Z[ Yedjheb YkWdZe kde Z[ bei Y^_gk_j_d[i eXj[d]W WYY_Z[djWbc[dj[ kdW \ hckbW i[Yh[jW Z[ _dj[hd[j" Yed be gk[ fheleYW gk[ [b c|n_ce [d[c_]e Z[ 8eX" kd j[hheh_ijW hkie" f[hi_]W W bei Y^_Yei Yed _dj[dY_ed[i feYe Wc_ijeiWi$ J_jkbe eh_]_dWb0 J^[ Ifo D[nj :eeh % :_h[Yjeh0 8h_Wd B[lWdj % 7Yjeh[i0 @WYa_[ 9^Wd" 7cX[h LWbb[jjW" CWZ[b_d[ 9Whhebb" % :khWY_ d0 /* c_di$ % FW i Eh_][d0 ;$ K$ % 7 e0 (&'&
9 E C ; : ? 7 KdW DeY^[ <k[hW Z[ I[h_[ 8
9bW_h[ J_dW <[o o F^_b <eij[h Ij[l[ 9Wh[bb ied kdW fWh[`W gk[ l_l[ [d bei ikXkhX_ei o gk[ _dj[djW ieXh[bb[lWh ik ced jedW l_ZW$ >WijW iki ºdeY^[i Z[ Y_jWi» i[ ^Wd Yedl[hj_Ze [d hkj_dWh_Wi o \Wij_Z_eiWi$ FWhW lebl[h W [dY[dZ[h bW Y^_ifW Z[ ik cWjh_ced_e" l_i_jWd kd h[ijWkhWdj[ Z[ ceZW [d CWd^WjjWd" ZedZ[ kdW Yed\ki_ d Z[ _Z[dj_ZWZ[i bei bb[lWh| W kdW _d[if[hWZW o WbeYWZW Wl[djkhW$ ;ije b[i h[YehZWh| be [if[Y_Wb Z[ ik h[bWY_ d" ^WY_[dZe Z[ Wgk[bbW deY^[ kdW Y_jW _debl_ZWXb[$ J_jkbe eh_]_dWb0 :Wj[ D_]^j % :_h[Yjeh0 I^Wmd B[lo % 7Yjeh[i0 C_bW Akd_i" Ij[l[ 9Wh[bb" CWha MW^bX[h]" J_dW <[o % = d[he0 9ec[Z_W % 9bWi_\_YWY_ d0 8 % :khWY_ d0 .- c_di$ % FW i Eh_][d0 ;ijWZei Kd_Zei % 7 e0 (&'&
9_d feb_i CWdpWd_bbe0
:_Wh_e0 IK8 0 '+0'&%'-0&&%'/0&&%(&0+& CWj_d [ :ec0 ')0(& 9_d feb_i0 :_Wh_e0 IK8 0 '+0'&%'-0'&%'/0)&%('0(& CWj_d [ :ec0 ')0&&
;b 9WpW H[Yecf[diWi 8 C_be 8eoZ =[hWhZ 8kjb[h [i kd YWpW h[Yecf[diWi Yed cWbW ik[hj[" f[he Yedi_]k[ kd jhWXW`e Z[ [dik[ e YkWdZe [i Wi_]dWZe W [dYedjhWh W ik [n [ifeiW" bW h[fehj[hW D_Yeb[ >khbo @[dd_\[h 7d_ijed " gk_[d de i[ fh[i[dj W `k_Y_e Z[ifk i Z[ fW]Wh kdW \_WdpW$ xb f_[diW gk[ jeZe be gk[ i_]k[ [i Wb]e \|Y_b" f[he YkWdZe D_Yeb[ i[ b[ [iYWfW fWhW feZ[h f[hi[]k_h kd Wi[i_dWje gk[ ^W i_Ze [dYkX_[hje" C_be i[ ZW Yk[djW gk[ de ^Wo dWZW gk[ i[W \|Y_b [djh[ [bbei Zei$ J_jkbe eh_]_dWb0 J^[ 8ekdjo >kdj[h % :_h[Yjeh0 7dZo J[ddWdj % 7Yjeh[i0 @[dd_\[h 7d_ijed" =[hWhZ 8kjb[h % 9bWi_\_YWY_ d0 8 % :khWY_ d0 ''' c_di$ % FW i Eh_][d0 ;K % 7 e0 (&'&
9_d feb_i0 :_Wh_e0 IK8 0 '/0&&%('0'&
9EC;:?7 # <7C?B?7H ;b H[]h[ie Z[ BW DWdW C|]_YW 7
:H7C7
J > H ? B B ; H
Fh[Y_eiW 8'+
BW ?ibW I_d_[ijhW 8'+
Fh[Y_eki [i kdW WZeb[iY[dj[ Z[ ', W ei Z[ hWpW d[]hW" gk[ [ij| [cXWhWpWZW feh i[]kdZW l[p #Z[ ik fWZh[# o l_l[ Yed ik cWZh[ CWho [d kd XWhh_e feXh[ Z[ >Whb[c$ Bk[]e Z[ ^WX[h i_Ze [nfkbiWZW Z[ bW [iYk[bW feh ik [ijWZe" [bbW i_]k[ [b Yedi[`e Z[ bW Z_h[YjehW Z[b fbWdj[b" ieXh[ Yedj_dkWh ik _dijhkYY_ d feh l Wi Wbj[hdWj_lWi$ O [i Wbb gk[" Z[ bW cWde Z[ bW i[ eh_jW HW_d" `kdje Yed bW jhWXW`WZehW ieY_Wb M[_ii o @e^d #kd [d\[hc[he gk[ i[ ^WY[ ik Wc_]e#" Fh[Y_eki Z[iYkXh[ gk[ bW l_ZW jWcX_ d j_[d[ ik bWZe ^[hceie o Z[Y_Z[ Yed\hedjWh W bei Whj \_Y[i Z[ ik Z[i]hWY_W$ Kd \_bc[ WYbWcWZe W d_l[b ckdZ_Wb o ]WdWZeh [d [b \[ij_lWb Z[ IkdZWdY[$ J_jkbe eh_]_dWb0 Fh[Y_eki0 8Wi[Z Ed J^[ Del[b % :_h[Yjeh0 B[[ :Wd_[bi % 7Yjeh[i0 =WXekh[o I_Z_X[" FWkbW FWjjed" CWh_W^ 9Wh[o % = d[he0 :hWcW % 9bWi_\_YWY_ d0 8#'+ % :khWY_ d0 ''& c_di$ % FW i Eh_][d0 ;K % 7 e0 (&&/
B[edWhZe :_9Wfh_e lk[bl[ W jhWXW`Wh Yed [b Z_h[Yjeh CWhj_d IYehi[i[" [ijW l[p fWhW _dj[hfh[jWh W J[ZZo :Wd_[bi" kd c_b_jWh gk[ _dl[ij_]W bW c_ij[h_eiW Z[iWfWh_Y_ d Z[ kdW ck`[h" _dj[hdWZW [d kd ^eif_jWb fi_gk_|jh_Ye feh YecfehjWc_[dje Yh_c_dWb$ JeZWi bWi f_ijWi Z[ :Wd_[bi bb[lWd W gk[ bW ck`[h ^W ^k_Ze W bW h[cejW I^kjj[h ?ibWdZ" kd bk]Wh [d [b gk[ b c_ice Yehh[ [b h_[i]e Z[ lebl[hi[ beYe$ J_jkbe eh_]_dWb0 I^kjj[h ?ibWdZ % :_h[Yjeh0 CWhj_d IYehi[i[ % 7Yjeh[i0 B[edWhZe :_ 9Wfh_e" CWha Hk\\Wbe" 8[d A_d]ib[o" C_Y^[bb[ M_bb_Wci % :khWY_ d0 '). c_di$ % FW i Eh_][d0 ;K% 7 e0 (&'&
:_Wh_e0 IK8 0 '+0'+%'-0(+%'/0*+%((0&+ CWj_d [ :ec0 '(0++ 9_d feb_i0 :_Wh_e0 IK8 0 ',0++%'/0'+%('0*+
7l$ CWh W 7^kcWZW Z[ = c[p o ;dh_gk[ 9ehedW Ceh\ d De$ )-'" 9eb$ 9Wcf[ijh[" FbWpW ºIeh_WdW»" L$ Z[ 7$" 9eb$
9_d feb_i CWdpWd_bbe0
9_d feb_i CWdpWd_bbe0 :_Wh_e0 IK8 0
',0+&%'/0(&%('0)+ CWj_d [ :ec0 '(0(&%'*0*& 9_d feb_i0 :_Wh_e0 IK8 0 '/0(+%('0*&
:H7C7 # HEC7D9; Kd 7ceh ?d[if[hWZe 8
9ed HeX[hj :emd[o @h$ Z[ dk[le _dj[hfh[jWdZe Wb cW]dWj[ Jedo IjWha" gk_[d Yece ?hed CWd j[dZh| gk[ fed[h jeZe ik [cf[ e fWhW iWblWh Wb ckdZe Z[ kdW _d[if[hWZW Wc[dWpW" [ijW l[p feh fWhj[ Z[b f[b_]heie M^_fbWi^ C_Ya[o Hekha[ $ 9ed :ed 9^[WZb[" =mod[j^ FWbjhem o IYWhb[jj @e^Wdiied$ :_h[Yjeh0 @ed <Wlh[Wk % = d[he0 9_[dY_W <_YY_ d % 9bWi_\_YWY_ d0 8 % :khWY_ d0 '(* c_di$ % FW i Eh_][d0 ;ijWZei Kd_Zei % 7 e0 (&'&
9_d feb_i CWdpWd_bbe0 :_Wh_e0 IK8 0
'*0)&%'+0+&%'-0'&%'.0)&%'/0+&%('0'&%((0)& CWj_d [ :ec0 ''0+&%')0'& :_Wh_e0 :E8 0 ',0)&%'/0'&%('0+& CWj_d [ :ec0 ''0'& %')0+& 9_d feb_i0 :_Wh_e0 IK8 0 '+0+&%'-0&&% '.0(+% '/0)+%('0&&%((0'& CWj_d [ :ec0 ')0'+ %'*0(+ :_Wh_e0 :E8 0 '+0'&%',0(&%'-0*+%'.0++% (&0(&%('0)& CWj_d [ :ec0 '(0)+%')0*+
CC9_d[cWi
J[b$ )'#'#)(#') mmm$ccY_d[cWi$Yec 7:C?I?ÕD0 =;D;H7B0 +& % C_ hYeb[i0 ), '§$ <kdY_ d % ;ijkZ_Wdj[i % D_ ei [ ?DI;D0 *(
9_d feb_i 9EB?C70 )[h$ 7d_bbe F[h_\ h_Ye De$ )&'" ;ig$ 7l$ ?]dWY_e IWdZelWb" FbWpW P[djhWb_W$ 9eb_cW C7DP7D?BBE0 FWi[e Z[ bWi =Wl_ejWi De$ *+&" IWbW]kW
J[b$ )( ),( () 9eb_cW )'* ))+ ,* +. IWbW]kW" Cpe$ mmm$Y_d[feb_i$Yec$cn 7:C?I?ÕD CWdpWd_bbe0 =[d[hWb */ C_ hYeb[i [nY[fje Z_Wi \[ij_lei 0 )( CWj_d [i" d_ ei" )[hW$ [ZWZ o [ijkZ_Wdj[i Z[ B#L Yed Yh[Z[dY_Wb 0 )Fhe^_X_ZW bW [djhWZW W c[deh[i Z[ ' W e
CWj_d [ :ec0 '(0'&%'*0*&
?hed CWd ( 8
:_Wh_e0 IK8 0 '+0*&%'.0*+%('0+&
:[Y_i_ed[i ;njh[cWi 7 @e^d 9hemb[o 8h[dZWd <hWi[h \_dWbc[dj[ ^W Yec[dpWZe W Z_i\hkjWh Z[b n_je" WfeoWZe Z[ ik [ifeiW 7_b[[d A[h_ Hkii[bb o iki jh[i ^_`ei$ F[he c_[djhWi ik YWhh[hW [cf_[pW W b[lWdjWhi[" bei Zei ^_`ei c|i f[gk[ ei Z[ @e^d" C[]Wd o FWjh_Ya" ied Z_W]deij_YWZei Yed kdW [d\[hc[ZWZ \WjWb$ 9ed 7_b[[d W ik bWZe" 9hemb[o i[ kd[ W kd Y_[dj \_Ye Xh_bbWdj[ feYe Yedl[dY_edWb o Wfh[Y_WZe" [b :h$ HeX[hj Ied[^_bb >Whh_ied <ehZ $ @kdjei \kdZWd kdW YecfW W Z[ X_ej[Ydebe] W gk[ i[ [d\eYW [d Z[iWhhebbWh kdW c[Z_Y_dW gk[ fk[ZW iWblWh l_ZWi" o Z[X[h|d bkY^Wh YedjhW [b ckdZe o YedjhW [b j_[cfe$ J_jkbe eh_]_dWb0 ;njhWehZ_dWho C[Wikh[i % :_h[Yjeh0 Jec LWk]^Wd % 7Yjeh[i0 >Whh_ied <ehZ" 8h[dZWd <hWi[h % = d[he0 :hWcW % 9bWi_\_YWY_ d0 7 % :khWY_ d0 '&+ c_di$ % FW i Eh_][d0 ;ijWZei Kd_Zei % 7 e0 (&'&
9_d feb_i0 :_Wh_e0 :E8 0',0*&
9 ? ; D 9 ? 7 < ? 9 9 ? Õ D
9_d feb_i0
DWddo CYF^[[ ZW kd iWbje [d [b j_[cfe o i[ fh[i[djW [d bW fk[hjW Z[ kdW `el[d cWZh[" gk[ _dj[djW bb[lWh bW ]hWd`W \Wc_b_Wh c_[djhWi ik cWh_Ze [ij| [d bW ]k[hhW$ CYF^[[ de jWhZW [d Z[iYkXh_h gk[ bei ^_`ei Z[ bW i[ ehW =h[[d jWcX_ d b_XhWd kdW ZkhW XWjWbbW YedjhW Zei _diefehjWXb[i fh_cei$ :[iZ[ cejei lebWZehWi W [ijWjkWi fWhbWdj[i" fWiWdZe feh kd Y[hZ_je jh[fWZeh Z[ |hXeb[i o kd [b[\Wdj_je gk[ WfWh[Y[ [d bei i_j_ei c|i _d[if[hWZei" DWddo CYF^[[ kiW ik cW]_W fWhW [di[ Wh W bei jhWl_[iei d_ ei dk[lWi b[YY_ed[i$ J_jkbe eh_]_dWb0 DWddo CYF^[[ 7dZ J^[ 8_] 8Wd] % :_h[Yjeh0 IkiWddW M^_j[ % 7Yjeh[i0 HWbf^ <_[dd[i" ;ccW J^ecfied" CW]]_[ =obb[d^WWb" CW]]_[ Ic_j^ % 9bWi_\_YWY_ d0 7 % :khWY_ d0 '&/ c_di$ % FW i Eh_][d0 ;ijWZei Kd_Zei#H[_de Kd_Ze#<hWdY_W % 7 e0 (&'&
9_d feb_i CWdpWd_bbe0
:_Wh_e0 :E8 0 '+0&+%'-0(&%'/0*&%((0&& CWj_d [ :ec0 '(0*& 9_d feb_i0 :_Wh_e0 :E8 0 ',0'&%'.0*&%(&0+& CWj_d [ :ec0 '*0&&
7:C?I?ÕD 9eb_cW0 :[ B#:" Z[ifk[i Z[ bWi '+0&& ^hi0 ++
;b :h$ 8kha[ HoWd ;Ya^Whj i[ [dYk[djhW [d [b fh[Y_f_Y_e Z[ kd _cfehjWdj[ YedjhWje Yed kdW YecfW W Z[ ckbj_c[Z_W" f[he [b j[hWf[kjW gk[ f_Z[ W jeZei iki fWY_[dj[i [d\h[djWh Z[ cWd[hW WX_[hjW ik Zebeh [i _dYWfWp Z[ i[]k_h ik fhef_e Yedi[`e$ ;be_i[ 9^WdZb[h 7d_ijed ^W `khWZe ebl_ZWh W bei ^ecXh[i o Z[Z_YWhi[ Z[ bb[de W ik \beh[h W$ I_d [cXWh]e" YkWdZe YedeY[ W 8kha[ \beh[Y[ kdW WjhWYY_ d _dijWdj|d[W$ F[he «i[h| fei_Xb[ gk[ Zei f[hiedWi gk[ YedeY_[hed W bW f[hiedW _dZ_YWZW [d [b cec[dje [gk_leYWZe i[Wd YWfWY[i Z[ ZWhb[ kdW i[]kdZW efehjkd_ZWZ Wb Wceh5 J_jkbe eh_]_dWb0 Bel[ >Wff[di % :_h[Yjeh0 8hWdZed 9Wcf % 7Yjeh[i0 7Whed ;Ya^Whj" @[dd_\[h 7d_ijed" :Wd <e]b[h" @e^d 9Whhebb BodY^" CWhj_d I^[[d$ %:khWY_ d0 '&/ c_d$ % FW i Eh_][d0 ;$K$7$#9WdWZ|% 7 e0 (&&/
9_d feb_i0 :_Wh_e0 IK8 0 (&0&+%((0'+
C_ hYeb[i [nY[fje Z_Wi \[ij_lei 0 ). CWj_d [i Wdj[i '+0&&" d_ ei o )[hW$ [ZWZ ** ;ijkZ_Wdj[i Z[ B#L Yed Yh[Z[dY_Wb 0 ** Fhe^_X_ZW bW [jdhWZW W c[deh[i Z[ ) W ei IWbW Z_]_jWb0 7Zkbje -)% d_ ei o )hW [ZWZ ,.
=EB:;D 9?D;C7N <[b_f[ I[l_bbW Z[b H e (&'" BeYWb ,*" @WhZ_d[i Z[ L_ijW >[hceiW 9eb_cW" 9eb$
J[b$ )'#(#&'#-) mmm$Y_d[cWiZ[bYekdjho$Yec$cn% Fhe]hWcWY_ d ik`[jW W YWcX_e i_d fh[l_e Wl_ie