უ#10 by უ- / არქიტექტურული ჟურნალი

Jurnali arqiteqturaze

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sarCevi:

4. u- aris damoukidebeli internet-gamocema; romelic ganixilavs arqiteqturas da konteqsts. u- Tavs uyris sxvadasxva drois ideebsa da Teoriebs,

14.

u_ aris Tavisufali platforma, romelic avotrebs aZlevs maTTvis aqtualuri Temebis kvlevis da gaziarebis SesaZleblobas.

26.

klimatis cvlileba da adaptaciis gzebi arqiteqtorebisTvis

arapirdapiri arqiteqtqura: msubuqi manifesti. robert venturi / Targmani

Rrubeli qalaqi

mTavari redaqtori/grafika: marita rurua redaqtori: giorgi cxadaia kontributori: Tamar kaxiZe

Jurnalis partnioria MUA Architeceture & Placemaking

#10

2023 weli

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klimatis cvlileba da adaptaciis gzebi arqiteqtorebisTvis

didi xania klimatis cvlileba ar warmoadgens abstraqtul da hipoTetur movlenas. Tuki cota xnis win klimatis cvlilebis Sesaxeb prognozebs naxevrad mSvidi SeSfoTebiT vusmendiT, dRes SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom nawinaswarmetyvelebi momavali ukve dadga. industrializaciis dasawyisidan dRemde adamianis saqmianobam ukve gamoiwvia atmosferoSi didi raodenobiT saTburis airebis gamofrqveva, haeris dabinZureba da globaluri temperaturis TiTqmis 1°c-iT momateba. 1 mecnierebis prognoziT, dedamiwaze, saukunis bolosTvis kidev 4°c-iT daTbeba. 2 stiqiuri ubedurebebi, SimSili, siRaribe, saarsebo resursebis simwire - es mcire nawilia im katastrofebisa, romlebic kacobriobas emuqreba klimatis aseTi tempiT cvlilebis SemTxvevaSi. am krizisis gamowvevaSi samSeneblo industriis wili daaxloebiT 30 %-ia (monacemebi gansxvavdeba qveynebis mixedviT). mosaxleobis zrda da urbanizaciis momatebuli tempi mdgomareobas kidev ufro arTulebs. navaraudevia, rom 2050 wlisTvis kacobriobis ori mesamedi qalaqis tipis dasaxlebebSi icxovrebs, rac gulisxmobs urbanuli teritoriis gafarToebas. Sesabamisad, mosalodnelia axali mSeneblobebi, transportiT gadaadgilebis garTuleba da sazogadoebis marginalizebuli nawilis cxovrebis pirobebis gauareseba3. gaeros kvlevis4 Tanaxmad, saxelmwifoebis mmarTvelobis arsebuli formebi aramdgradia da saWiroebs cvlilebebs. amas emateba isic, rom Tanamedrove adamiani - “homo urbanusi” 5 (homo urbanus) ufro ego-

centrulia, vidre misi winamorbedebi iyvnen, rac koleqtiuri pasuxismgeblobis gamomuSavebas uSlis xels. es ukanaskneli ki kritikulad saWiroa klimatis cvlilebasTan brZolaSi. risi gakeTeba SeiZleba arqiteqturasa da samSeneblo sferoSi zemoTaRniSnuli krizisis sapasuxod? gamosavali bevrnairia, Tumca universaluri gasaRebi jer ver moiZebna. sakiTxi imdenad farToa, rom misi erT statiaSi Tavmoyra rTuli iqneba. amitom, amjerad, SevecdebiT SevexoT am droisTvis damkvidrebul, ekologiurad gaazrebul arqiteqturul strategiebsa da midgomebs.

Tamar kaxiZe marita rurua konsultanti: nani mefariSvili

vnelovani principebia: teritoriis efeqturi aTviseba, energiis dazogva da bunebrivi, ganaxlebadi resursebis gamoyeneba, mSenebloba meoradi samSeneblo masalebiT, narCenebis Semcireba da sxva.

Senobebi narCenebs TavianTi arsebobis or etapze toveben: pirvel rigSi mSeneblobis, xolo Semdeg - eqspluataciis dros. mSeneblobis procesSi narCenebis datoveba, ZiriTadad, masalebis warmoebasa da maT transportirebas ukavSirdeba; eqspluataciis procesSi gamoyofili naxSirorJangi ki, ZiriTadad, ukavSirdeba gaTboba-gagrilebis (HVAC) sistemebis muSaobas.6 rogorc pirvel, ise meore safexurze SesaZlebelia klimatze mavne zemoqmedebis kontroli da es, ZiriTadad, arqiteqtorebisa da inJinrebis prerogativaa.

ekologiurad gaazrebuli proeqtebis Sesaqmnelad, mniSnelovania, gvesmodes is, Tu ra aris ama Tu im Senobis energiis danaxarji. Senobis zegavlena garemoze izomeba mis mier gamoyofili naxSirorJangis raodenobiT. masalis mier gamoyofili naxSirorJangis sruli kvali ganisazRvreba samSeneblo masalebis mopovebis, damuSavebisa da transportirebis procesSi gamoyofili mavne airebis raodenobis mixedviT. mSeneblobis etapze gamoyofil naxSirorJangs “pirvelad (embodied) naxSirorJangs”, xolo Senobis eqspluataciisas gamoyofil naxSirorJangs ki - “saoperacio (operational) naxSirorJangs” uwodeben.7 proeqtirebis procesSi pirveladi da saoperacio naxSirorJangis daTvla gvaZlevs saSualebas winaswar vicodeT Senobis ekologiuri kvali garemoze. orive maTganis Semcireba SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva saSualebebiT. ekologiuri gamosavlis Ziebis procesSi ramdenime midgoma Camoyalibda, romlebsac qvemoT ganvixilavT.

klimatze uaryofiTi gavlenis Sesamcireblad, pirvel rigSi, im midgomebisa da principebis gaazrebaa saWiro, romlebic garemoze mavne zegavlenis Semcirebas iTvaliswinebs. Semdeg ki saWiroa, proeqtirebisa da mSeneblobis etapze, am principebis gaTvaliswineba. dReisaTvis ekologiuri TvalsazrisiT mniS-

teqnologiebis ganviTarebam mogvca saSualeba klimatisTvis naklebad saziano midgomebi farTo masStabiT gamoviyenoT samSeneblo sferoSi. aseve, aranakleb mniSvnelovania socialur da ekonomikuri mecnierebebis sferoSi Catarebuli iseTi kvlevebis gaazreba, romelTa TanakveTis safuZvelze,

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bolo aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi, sxvadasxva midgomebi* Camoyalibda. maT Soris erT-erTi yvelaze kompleqsuri da popularuli midgoma mdgradi arqiteqturis princips efuZneba. mdgradi arqiteqturis koncefcia sam komponents moiazrebs: sazogadoebriv, ekonomikursa da garemosdacviT komponentebs. am xedvas, Tavis mxriv, safuZvlad daedo evrokomisiis 2002 wlis SeTanxmeba.8 evrokomisiis mixedviT, samSeneblo sfero saswrafod saWiroebda iseTi strategiis danergvas, romelic garemos mimarT megobruli masalebis SerCevas, energoefeqtur eqspluatacias da ngrevis procesSi narCenebis marTvas gaiTvaliswinebda. amrigad, mdgradi arqiteqtura farTo cnebaa, romelic gulisxmobs iseTi Senobebis proeqtirebas, romelic rogorc mSeneblobis, ise eqspluataciis periodSi garemos nakleb zians moutans da Tavis daniSnulebas moemsaxureba. arsebobs sxva midgomebic. magaliTad, erT-erTi midgomaa mwvane arqiteqtura, romelic, ZiriTadad, moiazrebs “mwvane iniciativebis” aqtiur gamoyenebas - magaliTad, Senobebis momaragebas mzis energiiT an sxvadasxva Tanamedrove teqnologiuri saSualebiT maTi eqspluataciis uzrunvelyofas.9 am SemTxvevaSi, sazogadoebrivi da ekonomikuri komponenti naklebad axdens dizainze gavlenas da aqcenti keTdeba teqnologiur mignebebze, romelTa

*vinaidan

midgomebis

dasaxelebebi,

jerjerobiT,

mizanic garemosTvis naklebi zianis miyenebaa. mwvane arqitequra Tavis TavSi aerTianebs iseTi masalebis gamoyenebas, romelTa warmoebisaTvis da transportirebisaTvis ar iqneba gamoyenebuli generirebuli energia (anu ar moxdeba sawvavis gamoyeneba) da eqspluataciis periodSic Senoba gaTbobis, gagrilebis, cxelwyalmomaragebis da ganaTebisaTvis ar gamoiyenebs generirebul energias. ekomegobruli arqiteqturis SemTxvevaSic centralur adgils garemosdacviTi komponenti ikavebs. 10 es midgoma meoreuli an adgilobrivi samSeneblo masalebis gamoyenebas gulisxmobs, imisaTvis, rom Tavidan aviciloT maTi transportirebiT anda warmoebiT garemoze mavne zemoqmedebis Sedegebi. SedarebiT kompleqsuria jamuri nulovani efeqtis (Net Zero) koncefcia. is Seicavs rogorc garemosdacviT, ise ekonomikur komponentebs. ufro konkretulad, jamuri nulovani efeqtis koncefcia moiazrebs energoefeqtur Senobas, romelic moxmarebuli energiis tol energias adgilzeve gamoimuSavebs ganaxlebadi resursebiT. aseTi Senobis momsaxureba, sabolood, gacilebiT metad ekonomiurad SeiZleba.11 aqve aRsaniSnia pasiuri saxlis midgoma, romelic gansxvavebiT zemoTganxiluli midgomebisa, ara mxolod individualuri sacx-

samecniero

sferoSic axalia, rTulia maT Soris sazRvris gavleba.

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ovrebeli saxlebis mSeneblobisas gamoiyeneba. es aris kvlevebze damyarebuli midgoma, 12 romlis mixedviTac gare SemomzRudi (kedlebi, iataki, Weri, fanjrebi da karebi) zedapirebis Termuli winaRobis gaangariSebiT, orientaciiT, mzis alternatiuli energiis wyaroebis pasiuri gamoyenebiT xdeba saTavsebis gaTboba-gagrileba. sabolood, aseTi sacxovreblis Sesanaxad 90 procentiT naklebi energiaa saWiro, vidre gavrcelebuli meTodebiT aSenebuli Senobebis SemTxvevaSi. pasiuri saxlis ZiriTadi principebi teqnikuri xasiaTisaa da gulisxmobs SemomzRudavi masalebis zust SerCevas. samwuxarod, am midgomas bevri naklovanebac aqvs, rac mis farTod gamoyenebas xels uSlis. garda imisa rom gamocdili specialistebi TiTqmis yvela qveyanaSi Wirs, pasiuri saxlis mSenebloba moiTxovs maRali kvalifikaciis arqiteqtorebis da inJinrebis erTobliv muSaobas. seriozul teqnikur da teqnologiur gaTvlebs, Sesabamisad am rangis specialitebis momsaxureba da energoefeqturi danadgarebis gamoyeneba dakavSirebulia garkveul xarjebTan. Senobebis xelaxali gamoyeneba (adaptive reuse), romelic, Tavis mxriv, reabilitaciis erT-erTi saxeobaa, mdgradobis yvela komponents moicavs. am SemTxvevaSi, gansakuTrebiT momgebiani ekonomikuri nawilia, rac sxvadasxva etapze vlindeba: 1. mSeneblobis etapze Cveulebrivze 16%-iT naklebi samSeneblo masala da 18%-iT naklebi dro ixarjeba; 2. xelaxali

gamoyenebiT Senobis TviTRirebuleba izrdeba; 3. turistebisTvis gansakuTrebulad mimzidvelia aseTi Senobebi da amitom, maT turistuli mogebis motanac SeuZliaT. imis gamo, rom ar xdeba garemoSi masStaburi Carevebi da ngrevis Sedegad miRebuli samSeneblo masala adgilzeve xelaxla gamoiyeneba, es midgoma ekologiuradac gamarTlebulia. sazogadoebrivi komponenti yvelaze naklebad mniSvnelovania am SemTxvevaSi, vinaidan miuxedavad imisa, rom am midgomiT mSeneblobis adgilobrivi xasiaTi ukeT vlindeba da macxovreblebis qonebis Rirebuleba izrdeba, paralelurad, jentrifikaciis tendenciac Zlierdeba. 13 atmosferos naxSirorJangiT dabinZurebis Semcirebis erT-erTi gzaa naxSirorJang-neitraluri an naxSirorJang-negatiuri nagebobebis Seqmna. naxSirorJang-neitraluri mSeneblobis dros mxedvelobaSi miiReba Senobis eqspluataciis periodi da mis asaSeneblad da dasangrevad daxarjuli resursebi. TiToeul etapze minimumamdea dayvanili saTburis airebis gamofrqvevis albaToba. naxSirorJang-negatiuri nageboba aris iseTi Senoba, romelic Tavisi arsebobis ganmavlobaSi ufro met naxSirorJangs STanTqavs, vidre gamoyofs. es moicavs rogorc moqmed (operational) naxSirorJangs, romelic gamoiyofa Senobis operirebisTvis saWiro energiis xarjvis dros, ise pirvelad (embodied) naxSirorJangs, romelic gamoifrqveva samSeneblo masalebis mopovebis, damuSavebisa da transportirebis procesSi.

TiToeuli zemoT aRwerili midgomis SemTxvevaSi, mniSvnelovania samSeneblo masalis garemoze gavlenis sworad gansazRvra da xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi misi Sefaseba. garemosTvis nakleb saziano mSeneblobis dros prioriteti eniWeba samSeneblo masalebis swor SerCevas. magaliTisTvis SegviZlia ganvixiloT farTod gavrcelebuli masala - rkina-betoni, romelic Seicavs Zalian didi raodenobis pirvelad naxSirorJangs. betonis mTavari komponentis, cementis warmoebis dros - kerZod, kirqvisgan kiris miRebis da kirqvis RumelSi gamowvis procesSi, didi raodenobiT naxSirbadis dioqsidi gamoiyofa. amas emateba qviSisa da xreSis resursebi, rkinisa da armaturis didi raodenobiT gamoyeneba da samSeneblo moedanze masalebis transportireba. am yvelafris Sedegad, atmosferuli haeri mniSvnelovnad binZurdeba. did resursebs da energiis danaxarjs moiTxovs iseTi samSeneblo masalebis warmoebac, rogoricaa keramika, aguri da plastmasi. samSeneblod gamosayenebeli saxis miRebamde TiToeuli maTgani saWiroebs nedleulis mopovebisa da energo-intensiuri procedurebis gavlas, rac, TavisTavad, garemoze negatiur gavlenas axdens. zemoTaRniSnuli araekomegobruli masalebis alternativad SegviZlia ganvixiloT ganaxlebadi samSeneblo masala - xe, romlis gamoyenebac masiur mSeblobaSi dResdReobiT kvlav aqtualuri xdeba. bolo aTwleuleb-

Si gaumjobesebuli teqnologiebi xis konstruqciebis farTod gamoyenebis saSualebas iZleva. aqamde arsebuli gamowvevebi, rac Tanamedrove mSeneblobaSi xis farTod gamoyenebas zRudavda (magaliTad, konstruqciis mdgradobis an cecxlmedegobis problemebi), TiTqmis daZleulia. amis magaliTia “inJinirebuli” xis teqnologiebi: jvaredin-laminirebuli xe (CLT) da Sewebebuli xe (Glulam). xis masalebiT mSenebloba amcirebs naxSirbadis dioqsidiT garemos dabinZurebas. waormoebisa da mSeneblobis procesSi betonis an liTonis konstruqciebis xiT Canacvleba amcirebs sawvavis gamoyenebas. meore mxriv, xe STanTqavs naxSirorJangs fotosinTezis meSveobiT da inaxavs mas saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi. am Tvisebis wyalobiT SesaZlebelia mSeneblobisa da eqspluataciis procesSi gamoyofili CO2-is ganeitraleba. es cikli Semdegnairad unda muSaobdes: rodesac moWrili xe gadamuSavdeba samSeneblo masalad, mis nacvlad unda moxdes axali xis dargva, romelic, aseve, didi raodenobiT naxSirorJangs STanTqavs. zrdis procesSi STanTqmuli naxSirorJangi, garkveulwilad, akompensirebs mSeneblobiT gamowveul garemos dabinZurebas. am dros xe atmosferodan STanTqavs sicocxlisaTvis mavne naxSirbadis dioqsids da mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi biomasaSi axdens mis konservacias. cementis nacvlad, saSualod, 1 tona xis masalis gamoyeneba 2 tona saTburis airebis gamoyofas gvaridebs Tavidan. samSeneblod gamoyenebuli

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tyis masivi ise unda iyos ganlagebuli, rom naklebi energia daixarjos misi transportirebisas. Soreuli qveynebidan xis masalis Camotana am koncefciis mixedviT gamarTlebuli ar aris.

STACK EFFECT -კომპლექსური დარბაზული ტიპის საცხოვრისი

(sTACK EFFECT) კომპლექსური დარბაზული ტიპის საცხოვრისი

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mkacrad gansazRvruli normebis danergvasTan erTad, samSeneblo masalis ekologiuri mdgradobis gaTvaliswineba mTliani samSeneblo sistemis mniSvnelovan nawilad iqceva. aqve unda iTqvas isic, rom garkveuli roli energoefeqturobis uzrunvelyofis procesSi raTqmaunda aqvs masalas da mis maxasiaTeblebs, magram garemos yvelaze did damabinZureblad SenobebSi gaTboba-gagrilebis sistemebi iTvleba.

weoda) iyenebdnen qaris wnevasa da saTavsis SigniT da gareT arsebul haeris masebis simWidrovis doneebs Soris sxvaobiT manipulirebas. am ukanaskneli efeqtis gamoyeneba arqiteqturaSi “qaris damWeris” (windcatcher) saxeliT aris cnobili. es koSkis formis arqiteqturuli elementi sxvadasxva zomisa da raodenobis danayofebis saxiT gvxvdeba. misi individualuri komponentebi ki adgilze gabatonebuli qarebis Tvisebebis mixedviT dgeba. aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTveloSic arsebobs pasiuri gaTboba gagrilebis sistemebis gamoyenebisa da garemo pirobebTan adaptirebis magaliTebi: mesxuri darbazi, svanuri koSki maCvibiT, xevsuruli da TuSuri baniani saxlebi, lazuri saxlebi, imeruli oda da megruli jargvali.

gaTboba-gagrileba-ventilaciis sistema sxvadasxva teqnologiis meSveobiT temperaturis, tenisa da haeris sisufTavis kontrols moicavs. meoce saukunis dasawyisamde gaTboba-gagrileba-ventilaciis sakiTxi proeqtirebisas gamowvevas warmoadgenda. pasiuri ventilaciis saxeliT cnobili meTodebi tradiciul14 arqiteqturaSi gvxvdeba da isini haeris fizikuri Tvisebebis gamoyenebas moiazreben imave miznis misaRwevad, risTvisac dRes gaTboba-gagrileba-ventilaciis teqnologiebi gamoiyeneba. magaliTad, am miznisTvis arabuli samyaros qveynebSi nebismieri zomis saTavsSi (garda calmxrivi anda gamWoli ganiavebisa, romelic Riobis saSualebiT miiR-

me-19 saukunis meore naxevarSi, rodesac niu-iorksa da CikagoSi maRalsarTuliani mSeneblobebi mniSvnelovnad momravlda, arqiteqtorebi da inJinrebi ventilaciis problemis mogvarebas jer kidev bunebrivi gzebiT cdilobdnen. magaliTad, CikagoSi 16 sarTuliani Monadnock Building-i cnobilia, rogorc protocaTambrjeni, romelsac aqvs viwro forma, Sida ezoebi da vertikaluri Wrilebi gamWoli ganiavebisa da buxris efeqtis misaRwevad. am yvelafers emateboda maRali Weri, eqspluatirebadi fanjrebi da didi farTobis sarTulebi. aseTive principze muSaobda Masonic Building-i da Wainwright Building-i, romlebsac,

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ganiavebisTvis, fanjaraze specialuri alaTebi hqondaT. me-20 saukunis bolos, gaTboba-gagrileba-ventilaciis sistemebis ganviTarebam arqiteqtorebi axali realobis winaSe daayena - maT aRar sWirdebodaT adgilobrivi klimatis gaTvaliswineba da SeeZloT saTavsebSi xelovnuri mikroklimati SeeqmnaT. es tendencia dRemde Zlierdeba. magaliTad, kondicionerebis raodenoba 2050 wlisTvis, savaraudod, gasammagdeba.15 saTavsebis klimatkontrolis sistemebis mier gamoyofili naxSirorJangi globaluri daTbobis daCqrebis erT-erTi yvelaze metad mniSvnelovani mizezia. gamodis, rom Cven vgrildebiT imis fonze, rodesac samyaroSi temperatura ufro da ufro matulobs. temperatura ki zemoT iwevs, maT Soris, im agregatebis gamo, romlebic sicxisgan gvicaven.16 miuxedavad imisa, rom mSeneblobis uaryofiTi efeqtebis Sesaxeb kargad aris cnobili, am industriis didi wili mainc ar aris mimarTuli ekologiuri gavlenis Semcirebisken. arqiteqtura neli da ZviradRirebuli sferoa. Sesabamisad, investors ukve gamocdili meTodebiT mSenebloba surs.17 amitom, xSirad arqiteqturaSi mdgrad principebs mxolod ise uyureben, rogorc mSeneblobis erT-erT axal xerxs anda arasavaldebulo arCevans. Sedegad, mwvane alternativebi nela ikidebs fexs da kidev erTxel dasturdeba is, rom klimatis cvlilebasTan brZola individualuri Zalisx-

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meviT naklebad efeqturia da amis nacvlad, mxolod farTomasStabiani da gamiznuli Careva mogvcems Sedegs, rac araerTma ganviTarebulma qveyanam gaakeTa kanonmdeblobiT da regulaciebiT. samSeneblo sferos mier garemoze mavne gavlenis Semcirebis xerxebis popularizaciisa da praqtikaSi danergvisTvis sxvadasxva profesiuli gaerTianeba da sertificirebis sistemebi arsebobs, romlebic dainteresebul pirebs awvdian informacias, xels uwyoben maT Soris komunikacias da rac mTavaria, Sedegebis aRweras awarmoeben. yvela es monacemi ki, sabolood, sakanonmdeblo CarCoebis momzadebisTvis gamoiyeneba. klimatis cvlilebaze uaryofiTi gavlenis umetesi wili ganviTarebul, mdidar qveynebze modis, romlebSic, umetesad, 1980-iani wlebidan daiwyes mwvane sertifikatebsa da normebze muSaoba. es tendencia garemoze mavne gavlenis Semcirebasa da axali midgomebis popularizacias uwyobda xels, Tumca procesi nela mimdinareobs naklebad ganviTarebul qveynebSi. amasTan erTad, CineTSi 1995-2005 wlebSi, rodesac mSeneblobis tempi gasammagda, TiTqmis igive sakanonmdeblo baza darCa, romelic 1980-ian wlebSi moqmedebda. dRes, arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, magaliTad rogoricaa Leed-i (a.S.S.), Breeam-i (didi britaneTi) da profesiuli gaerTianebebi _ magaliTad, Architects Declare-i da Leti-i,

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Senobebs an maT calkeul Semadgenel elements aniWeben cnobas an sertifikats, romelic mwvane standartebTan maT Tanxvedras adasturebs. Tumca imis gamo, rom mwvane sertifikatebi da Sefasebebi arasavaldebuloa, isini ZiriTadad ekonomikuri, marketinguli TvalsazrisiT aris momgebiani. amisgan gansxvavebiT, mwvane dadgenilebebs savaldebulo xasiaTi aqvT da maTi gamoyeneba xdeba farTo masStabiT, rac arqiteqturis swraf da mniSvnelovan cvlilebas iwvevs. gamomdinare iqidan, rom naxSirorJangis emisiebis nulamde dayvana arqiteqtorebis amocanacaa, Senobis dagegmvis pirvelive etapze unda gaviTvaliswinoT garemoze zemoqmedebis aspeqtebi. arqiteqtorebis mizani unda iyos iseTi Senoba-nagebobebis Seqmna, romelic naxSirorJangis emisiebis Semcirebas Seuwyobs xels. amisaTvis, aucilibelia garemoze Senobis zegavlenis da Senobaze garemos zegavlenis safuZvliani gaazreba.

gamoyenebuli masala:

passive_house

1. https://climate.nasa.gov/effects/

18173798&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&is

2. https://www.activesustainability.com/climate-

sn=00223905&p=AONE&sw=w&userGroupName=anon%7Ea0

13.

change/what-world-look-like-100-years-climate-changeyear-2100/?_adin=02021864894 disproportionately-affected-by-climate-change/ e f 7 5 - 4 a 3 7 - b 3 d a - a 0 9 2 2 4 e 2 9 9 d c / 2 0 1 9 _ G l o b a l _ S ta t u s _ 2019

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architecture#:~:text=The%20term%20popular%20 architecture%20is,with%20folk%20or%20vernacular%20

4. https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/3da9daf9Report_for_Buildings_and_Construction.pdf

4f0c50 14.

3. h t t p s : / / e a r t h . o r g / m a r g i n a l i s e d - g r o u p s - a r e -

https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA

Global

architecture. 15.

Status Report for Buildings and Construction Towards a zero-

surge-by-2050

emissions, efficient and resilient buildings and construction

16.

sector, 2019

htt p s : / / w w w. e co n o m i st . co m /g ra p h i c -

detail/2021/08/10/demand-for-air-conditioning-is-set-toh t t p s : / / w w w.t h e g u a r d i a n . c o m /

environment/2019/aug/29/the-air-conditioning-trap-how-

5. h t t p s : / / w w w. g h d . c o m / e n / p e r s p e c t i v e s / t h e evolution-of-homo-sapiens-to-homo-urbanus.aspx

cold-air-is-heating-the-world 17.

6. https://architecture2030.org /why-the-buildingsector/

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story/climate-change-design-architecture 18.

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7. h tt p s : / / w w w. g o o g l e . c o m / u r l ? q = h tt p s : / /s p o t .

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UPReDjXswwopqQ

DjXswwopqQ 8. https://pure.tue.nl/ws/files/2279686/200712090. pdf Ana Rita Gomes Mendes Martins Pereira Roders,

Re-

architecture : lifespan rehabilitation of built heritage - basis, Bouwstenen Publicatieburo, 2007 9. https://www.british-assessment.co.uk/insights/ whats-the-difference-between-green-and-sustainablebuildings/ 10.

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building/ 11.

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and-resources/knowledge-landing-page/what-net-zerocarbon-buildings-means-for-practices-and-developers 12.

https://passipedia.org/basics/what_is_a_

statiis gaformeba: Tamar kaxiZe

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arapirdapiri arqiteqtura: msubuqi manifesti robert venturi

Targmani Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture Robert Venturi 1. Nonstraightfoward Architecture: A Gentle Manifesto

arqiteqturaSi me momwons kompleqsuroba da winaaRmdegoba; ar momwons, rodesac arqiteqtura arakompetenturi, araTanmimdevruli an mikerZoebulia _ arc zedmeti maRalmxatvruloba mizidavs da arc eqspresionizmi. amis nacvlad, me mirCevnia visaubro rTul da winaaRmdegobriv arqiteqturaze, romelic Tanamedrovea da efuZneba mdidar da mravalferovan gamocdilebas - maT Soris, xelovnebis sferosTvis organul gamocdilebas. arqiteturis garda, kompleqsuroba da winaaRmdegobrioba yvela sferoSi aRiarebulia. magaliTad SegviZlia gavixsenoT giodelis arasrulobis Teorema maTematikaSi, T.s. eliotis “rTuli” poezia an iozef albersis ferweris paradoqsuli xasiaTi. Tumca arqiteqturaSi kompleqsurobisa da winaaRmdegobriobos Semotana gardauvalia moTxovnilebis, simtkicisa da siamovnebis vitruvianuli elementebis gaTvaliswinebiT. dResdReobiT, martiv konteqstSi warmodgenili individualuri Senobis programuli moTxovnebi, struqtura, meqanikuri aRWurviloba

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da gamoxatvis formebi ukve warmoudgenlad mravalferovani da kompleqsuria. urbanuli da regionaluri dagegmarebis sferoSi arqiteqturis gazrdili ganzomileba da masStabi damatebiT sirTuleebs warmoadgenen.

Alvar Aalto Foundation wyaro: https://www.alvaraalto.fi/en/architecture/church-of-the-threecrosses/

me am problemebs mivesalmebi, gaurkvevlobebiT ki vsargeblob. winaaRmdegobisa da sirTulis aRiarebiT, me sicocxlisunarianobasa da simarTles vuWer mxars. arqiteqtorebs aRar aqvT fufuneba SeizRudon Tavi orTodoqsuli modernistuli arqiteqturis puritanulad moralisturi eniT. me ufro metad momwons hibriduli elementebi, vidre “wminda” _ ufro saeWvo, vidre “sufTa”, ufro damaxinjebuli, vidre “wrfeli”, ufro orazrovani da ara “TvalsaCino”, gaxsnili, iseve rogorc anonimuri, mosawyeni, iseve rogorc “saintereso”, Cveulebrivi da ara “dagegmili”, Semwynarebluri da ara uarmyofeli, ufro gadametebuli, vidre martivi, ufro Camouyalibebeli da inovaciuri, araTanmimdevruli da orazrovani, vidre pirdapiri da cxadi. cxadi erTianobis nacvlad qaotur sicocxlisunarianobas vaniWeb upiratesobas. me viTvaliswineb non sequitur-s da vaRiareb dualizms. CemTvis azris simdidre ufro faseulia, vidre azris sicxade; Tanabrad mniSvnelovania rogorc dafaruli, ise aSkarad gamoxatuli funqcia. me upiratesobas vaniWeb “orives” da ara “an-an”-s; “Savi da TeTri” (xandaxan ki nacrisferic) mirCevnia “Savs an TeTrs”. gamarTuli arqiteqtura ramdenime safexuriani mniSvnelobebisa da aqcentebis kombinaciebs aRZravs. misi sivrce da elementebi erTdroulad ramdenime funqciasa da mniSvnelobas iZenen. amave dros, kompleqsur da winaaRmdegobriv arqiteqturas mTlianobis mimarT gansakuTrebuli valdebuleba gaaCnia: misi simarTle mis erTobliobaSi unda aisaxebodes an erTobliobis implikaciebSi. is unda Seicavdes inkluziis rTul erTianobas da ara gamoricxvis martiv erTobas. meti ar aris mcire.

2. kompleqsuroba da winaaRmdegoba gamartivebisa da sanaxaobriobis sapirpirod orTodoqsi modernisti arqiteqtorebi kompleqsurobis sakiTxs yivelTvis araTanmimdevrulad da arasakmarisi yuradRebiT ekidebodnen. tradiciebis darRvevisa da axali furclidan dawyebis mcdelobasTan erTad, maT daiwyes primitiulisa da elementarulis gaidealizeba, sirTulisa da mravalferovnebis daTmobis xarjze. isini, rogorc revoluciuri moZraobis monawileebi, sixaruliT Seegebnen modernistuli funqciebis axleburobas, Tanmdevi sirTuleebis ugulebelyofiT. reformatorebis rolSi, isini puritanulad uWerdnen mxars elementebis dayofasa da gamocalkevebas, nacvlad sxvadasxva moTxovnilebis gaTvaliswinebisa da Sexamebisa. frenk loid raiti, modernistuli moZraobis lideri, romelic aRizarda deviziT “simarTle samyaros winaaRmdeg”, wers: “Cem Tvalwin gadaSlili simartivis saxeba imdenad farTo da yovlismomcveli iyo da Senobebi imdenad harmoniuli, rom mas... SeeZlo Tanamedrove samyaros kulturisa da azrovnebis Secvla da gaRrmaveba. ase mjeroda.” purizmis TanadamfuZnebeli le korbuzie saubrobda “diadi sabaziso formebis” Sesaxeb, romlebic man “gamorCeulad...da orazrovnebisgan daclilad” gamoacxada. ramdenime gamonaklisis garda, modernisti arqiteqtorebi Tavs aridebdnen orazrovnebas. dRes Cven sxva mdgomareobaSi vimyofebiT: “garda imisa, rom problemebi izrdebian raodenobrivad da rTuldebian, isini, aseve, bevrad ufro swrafad icvlebian, vidre odesme.” es daaxloebiT iseT damokidebulebas moiTxovs, rogoric avgust heqSers aqvs aRwerili: “zrdasrulobis asakis miRwevis etapze, nebismieri individi, romelsac cxovreba Tavdapirvelad martivi da mowesrigebuli egona, icvlis damokidebulebas da aRiarebs mis sirTulesa da ironiulobas. zogierTi epoqa xels uwyobs am process; maTSi paradoqsuli an dramatuli TvalTaxedva gansazRvravs mTel inteleqtua-

lur scenas. simartivesa da wesrigSi ibadeba racionalizmi, magram yovel gardamtex etapze es ukanaskneli arasakmarisi aRmoCndeba xolme. amis Semdeg, sapirispiro mniSvnelobebs Soris wonasworoba unda damyardes. amgvari Sinagani simSvide adamianebSi winaaRmdegobebsa da gaurkvevlobebs Soris arsebul daZabulobas unda asaxavdes. . . mkveTrad gansxvavebul obieqtebs erTmaneTis gverdiT arsebobis uflebas paradoqsis SegrZneba aniWebT; TiTqos swored maT SeuTavseblobas dahkravs simarTlis elferi.” gamartivebis racionalizaciiT axsna dRemde aqtualuria, Tumca ufro Sefarulia, vidre adreul diskusiebSi. mis van der roes didebuli paradoqsis, “mciredi metias” farTod gavrcelebac amgvari diskursis nawilia. pol rudolfma kargad daaxasiaTa misis Sexedulebebi: “yvela problema erTbaSad verasdros gadaiWreba. . . marTlac, meoce saukunem moitana is, rom arqiteqtors Tavad SeuZlia airCios problemebidan is, romelic Tavad moesurveba.” misi, magaliTad, marto imitom qmnis SesaniSnav Senobebs, rom is Senobis bevr aspeqts ugulebelyofs. ufro meti problemis gadaWra rom uwevdes, misi Senobebi bevrad ufro nakleb efeqturi iqneboda.” “mciredi metias” doqtrina uaryofs kompleqsurobas da amarTlebs gamoricxvas vizualuri efeqtis misaRebad. is marTlac aZlevs arqiteqtors uflebas “Tavad airCios [misTvis] xelsayreli problema.” Tumca, Tuki arqiteqtorma “samyaros konkretul aRqmas unda uerTgulos,” wesiT, aseTi erTguleba unda niSnavdes imas, rom is problemebis gadaWris gzebs unda eZebdes, nacvlad imisa, rom TavisTvis xelsayrel problemas irCevdes gadasaWrelad. mis mier mniSvnelovani aspeqtebis gauTvaliswinebloba arqiteqturas cxovrebiseul gamocdilebasTan da sazogadoebis moTxovnebTan kavSiris dakargvis safrTxes uqmnis. Tu aRmoCndeba, ron zogierTi problemis gadaWra SeuZlebelia, mas SeuZlia es gamoxatos: inkluziur da ara eqskluziur arqiteqtur-

sami jvris taZris maketi. alvar aalto. imatra, fineTi. foto: Eva ja Pertti Ingervo, Alvar Aalto Foundations wyaro:https://www.alvaraalto.fi/en/architecture/church-of-the-three-crosses/

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avtostradas taZari. jovani mikeluCi. florencia, italia. foto: Traveling in Tuscany wyaro:http://casavacanze.poderesantapia.com/art/giovannimichelucci/chiesadellautostradadelsole.htm

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aSi moiZebneba adgili fragmentaciisTvis, winaaRmdegobebisTvis, improvizaciisTvisa da maTgan gamowveuli uxerxulobebisTvis. misis daxvewili pavilionebi Zvirfasi arqiteqturuli RirebulebiT gamoirCeva, magram enisa da Sinaarsis seleqciuri xasiaTi am arqiteqturis naklovanebaze iseve metyvelebs, rogorc mis siZliereze. me eWvis TvaliT vuyureb pavilionebsa da sacxovrebel saxlebs Soris paralelebis gavlebis saWiroebas _ gansakuTrebiT, iaponur pavilionebsa da bolodroindel sayofacxovrebo arqiteqturis nimuSebs Soris. isini ugulebelyofen realur sirTulesa da winaaRmdegobas, romelic sayofacxovrebo programas axasiaTebs _ sivrciT da teqnologiur SesaZleblobebs iseve, rogorc vizualuri mravalferovnebis saWiroebas. naZaladevi simartive iwvevs zedmet gamartivebas. magaliTad, Wiley house-is proeqtSi, Tavisive SuSis saxlis proeqtisgan gansxvavebiT, filip jonsoni Seecada eleganturi pavilionis simartivis miRma gasuliyo. man mkafiod gamohyo da pirveli sarTulis kvarcxlbekze ganaTavsa sacxovrebeli saxlis SemozRuduli “privatuli funqciebi”. amgvarad jonsonma gamoacalkeva isini zeda sarTulis modulur pavilioniSi ganTavsebuli gaxsnili socialuri funqciebisgan. Tumca aqac ki, Senoba emsgavseba zedmetad gamartivebuli sacxovrebeli programis diagramas _“an...an”-is abstraqtul Teorias. rodesac simartive ver amarTlebs, is SeiZleba uazrobaSi gadaizardos. myvirala simartive niSnavs sust arqiteqturas. mciredi mosabezrebelia. arqiteqturaSi sirTulis gacnobiereba ar ewinaaRmdegeba imas, rasac luis kani uwodebada “simartivis moTxovnilebas.” Tumca esTetikuri simartive, romelsac gaaCnia gonivrulad dasabuTebuli siRrme da safuZveli, Sinagani kompleqsurobis Sedegia. simartive, romelsac doriuli taZris cqerisas aRiqvams Tvali, gamomdinareobs misi ganTqmuli sifaqizidan, mrude geometriis sizustidan da am wesrigiSi Caqsovili winaaRmdegobebidan da daZabu-

lobebidan. doriul taZarSi cxadi simartive realuri kompleqsurobis Sedegad warmoiSva. gviandel taZrebSi, kompleqsurobis gaqrobis Sedegad, simartive uferulobam Caanacvla. kompleqsuroba ar uaryofs safuZvlian gamartivebas, romelic SeiZleba warmoadgendes analizis procesis nawils an Tundac, meTods kompleqsuri arqiteqturis misaRwevad. “zedmeti gamartiveba imis Sedegia, rom Cven raime movlenas winaswar gansazRvruli interesebis prizmidan aRviqmavT.” amgvari gamartiveba rTuli xelovnebis misaRwevad gavlili analitikuri procesis nawilia. igi ar unda agverios mizanSi. amave dros, sirTulisa da winaaRmdegobis arqiteqtura ar niSnavs sanaxaobriobas an subieqtur eqspresionizms. bolo dros, yalbma kompleqsurobam dajabna adreuli modernistuli arqiteqturis yalbi simartive. is qadagebs simetriuli sanaxaobriobiT gamorCeul, “uSfoTvel” arqiteqturas (rogorc mas minoru iamasaki uwodebs), magram es axali formalizmia, romelic iseve Sors dgas gamocdilebisgan, rogorc aqamde arsebuli simartivis kulti. misi CaxlarTuli formebi ar asaxaven realurad kompleqsur programebs, xolo misi daxlarTuli ornamenti, miuxedevad imisa, rom industriul warmoebazea damokidebuli, xeliT damuSavebuli originali nakeTobebis usicocxlo aslebs mogvagonebs. goTikuri ornamentebisa da rokokos rokaliebis arseboba gamarTlebuli iyo ara mxolod mTlianobasTan mimarTebaSi, aramed is efuZneboda saavtoro ostatobis gamarTlebul demonstrirebas; misi Rirebuleba meTodis bunebriobidan da individualurobidan gamomdinareobda. aseTi aRtyinebiT warmoCenili kompleqsuroba, romelic dResdReobiT albaT miuRwevelia, warmoadgens “mSvidi” arqiteqturis antiTezas, miuxedavad maT Soris arsebuli zedapiruli msgavsebisa. Tumca, Tuki Cvens xelovnebas aRtyinebuloba ar axasiaTebs, es ufro daZabulobaa, vidre “simSvide”.

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sami jvris taZari. alvar aalto. imatra, fineTi. foto: Pertti Ingervo, Alvar Aalto Foundations wyaro:https://www.alvaraalto.fi/en/architecture/church-of-the-three-crosses/

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meoce saukunis saukeTeso arqiteqtorebi, rogorc wesi, uaryofdnen gamartivebis wess (simartivis miRwevas Semcirebis gziT), imisaTvis, rom gamoekveTaT mTlianobis kompleqsuroba. amis magaliTad SegviZlia moviyvanoT alvar aaltosa da le korbuzies (romelic xSirad sakuTar polemikur nawerebs ugulvebelyofs) Semoqmedeba. kompleqsurobisa da winaaRmdegobis niSnebi maT namuSevrebSi xSirad ugulebelyofili an arasworad interpretirebulia. magaliTad, alvar aaltos kritikosebi bunebrivi masalebis mimarT mgrZnobelobisa da sufTa elementebis gamo aqeben. isini miiCneven, rom misi kompozicia mizanmimarTulad sanaxaobrivia. me ar vTvli, rom aaltos imatras taZari sanaxaobrivia. am taZris gamarTlebuli eqspresionizmi gamoixateba samad gayofili gegmis namdvili kompleqsurobis masobrivad gameorebiT da akustikuri Weris faqturebiT. igives ver vityviT jovani mikeluCis bolodroindel mizanmimarTulad sanaxaobrivi avtostradas taZris* brma konstruqciebsa da sivrceebze. aaltos kompleqsuroba programisa da mTliani struqturis nawili ufroa, vidre eqspresia eqspresiisTvis. miuxedavad imisa, rom aRar vdaobT, romelia upiratesi _ forma Tu funqcia (romeli romels mihyveba?), maT urTierTdamokidebulebas mainc ver ugulebelvyofT. kompleqsuri arqiteqturis moTxovnileba, Tanmxlebi winaaRmdegobebiT, ar aris ubralod reaqcia dRevandel banalur an Selamazebul arqiteqturaze. es aris Sexeduleba, romelic maneristul periodebSi iyo damkvidrebuli: meTeqsmete saukunis italiaSi an klasikuri xelovnebis elinistur epoqaSi. es im uwyveti jaWvis nawilia, romelic TvalsaCinoa iseT mravalferovan arqiteqtorebTan, rogorebic arian: miqelanjelo, paladio, boromini, vanbru, hoksmuri, souni, ledu, ba-

terfildi, yavaris stilis zogierTi arqiteqtori, furnesi, salivani, lutiensi da bolo drois arqiteqtorebi _ le korbuzie, aalto, kani da sxvebi. dRes es Sexeduleba isev aqtualuri xdeba rogorc arqiteqturul procesSi, ise arqiteqturis programaSi. pirvel rigSi, saWiroa arqiteqturis, rogorc mediumis, gadafaseba imisaTvis, rom warmovaCinoT misi gafarToebuli arealisa da miznebis sirTule. gamartivebuli an zedapirulad kompleqsuri formebi Sedegs ar moitans. amis nacvlad, kidev erTxel unda gaviazroT da gamoviyenoT is mravalferovneba, romelic araerTmniSvnelovan vizualur aRqmas axasiaTebs. meore mxriv, aucilebelia sul ufro metad zrdadi sirTuleebis danaxva Cvens funqciur amocanebSi. ra Tqma unda, me vgulisxmob Cveni drois unikalur programebs, romlebic rTulia Tavisi daniSnulebidan gamomdinare. magaliTad, eseTebia: kvleviTi laboratoriebi, saavadmyofoebi da gansakuTrebiT, saqalaqo da regionaluri masStabis uzarmazari proeqtebi. Tumca sacxovrebeli saxlic ki, Tavisi martivi masStabiT, kompleqsuria Tavisi ganzraxviT, Tuki masSi Tanamedrove gamocdilebis mravalmxrivoba aris warmoCenili. es kontrasti programis saSualebebsa da miznebs Soris mniSvnelovania. magaliTad, miuxedavad imisa, rom saSualebebi, romlebic xomaldis mTvareze gafrenis programas ukavSirdeba TiTqmis usazRvrod rTulia, mizani martivia da nakleb winaaRmdegobas Seicavs. miuxedavad imisa, rom saSualebebi, romlebic gamoyenebulia florenciis siaxloves mdebare mikeluCis avtostradis taZarSi teqnologiurad gacilebiT martivi da dauxvewavia, vidre TiTqmis nebismieri sainJinro proeqti, mizani bevrad ufro rTuli da xSirad arsebiTad orazrovania.

*am sityvebis daweris Semdeg movinaxule jovani mikeluCis avtostradas taZari da axla vxvdebi, rom is saocrad lamazi da efeqturi Senobaa. amitom, vwuxvar am usiamovno Sedarebis gamo.

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Rrubeli qalaqi

“momavlis qalaqi iqneba axali qalaqi-baRi, nayofieri da resursebis dazogvaze orientirebuli, romelSic naxSirorJangi Zalian mcire raodenobiT gamoiyofa. saniaRvre sistema aRar iarsebebs. municipaluri saniaRvre milebis nacvlad, wvimis wyali lokalur guburebSi Seikribeba da Seavsebs miwisqveSa wylebs. nacvlad dekoratiuli yvavilebisa da unayofo xeebisa, mwvane sivrceebi marcvleuli kulturebisa da xexilis baRebiT gaivseba. mosavlis aRebis sezoni cxovelebsa da adamianebs saerTo sixaruls mohgvriT. arqiteqturuli zedapirebi xels Seuwyobs fotosinTezis ganviTarebas; moxdeba saxuravebis aTviseba TevzsaSeni guburebisTvis, siTbos SenarCunebisTvis, energiis dazogvisa da sakvebis warmoebisTvis; sardafebi sokoebis sawarmod gadakeTdeba.”1 ase aRwers momavlis qalaqs kongZin iu Tavis esseSi “didi lamazi fexebi.”

kongZin iu Cineli landSaftis arqitetori da urbanistia - uamravi naSromis avtori da ekologiuri urbanizmis mxardamWeri. iu Turnscape-is damfuZnebeli da Rrubeli qalaqis koncefciis mimdevaria. Rrubeli qalaqis idea, sxvadasxva formiT, mTel msoflioSia gavrcelebuli. am princips iyeneben mwvane moZraobebi, romlebic mwvane infrastruqturis ganviTarebas da bunebaze gavlenis Semcirebas qadageben. Rrubeli qalaqi (da ufro masStaburad, Rrubeli planeta) warmoadgens globaluri ekologiuri infrastruqturis gadarCenisa da aRdgenis bunebriv gzas. es aris qalaqis mSeneblobis iseTi modeli, romelic bunebrivi sadrenaJe sistemebiT umklavdeba wvimian sezonze wyaldidobebs, niaRvrebsa da sxva stiqiur movlenebs. Rrubeli qalaqis principi gulisxmobs, urbanizaciis pirobebSi, bunebrivi hidrologiuri balasnis aRdgenas. am balanss Cven mudmivad varRvevT nacrisferi infrastruqturiT, betonis masiuri gamoyenebiT, mdinareebis ka-

lapotebSi moqceviTa da kaSxlebis aRmarTviT. qalaqmSeneblobaSi ase farTod gamoyenebuli asfalti da betoni wvimis wyals ar atareben da mis akumulirebas uwyoben xels. es ki wyaldiodbebisa da niaRvrebis mizezi xdeba. amis sapirispirod, Rrublis magvari sistemebi da gamtari ubnebi xels uSlian wylis dagrovebas myar zedapirebze. qalaqisTvis amgvari Rrublis funqcias gamwvanebuli arealebi, tye-parkebi, tbebi, mdinareebi da nakadulebi asruleben. kongZin ius wyaldidobis kontrolis procesi Rrublis principiT muSaobs. mdinarispira bunebriv Waobs, Rrublis msgavsad, SeuZlia wyaldidobis dros wylis Sewova, xolo gvalvis dros - wylis rezervis funqciis SeTavseba. didi xnis ganmavlobaSi, CineTSi, kongZin ius ideebs skeptikurad uyurebdnen, iqamde, sanam 2012 wlis wyaldinobam radikaluri cvlilebebis aucilebloba ar daanaxa xelisuflebas. am molvenis Semdeg, CineTSi, daiwyo masobrivi landSaftis ganaxlebis sapilote proeqtebis talRa, romelmac “Rrubeli qalaqis” koncefcia realobad aqcia.

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magaliTad, qalaq sanias (tropikuli turistuli qalaqi CineTis kunZul hainanSi) SuagulSi usicocxlo teritoria bunebisa da adamianebis harmoniuli Tanacxovrebis adgilad gadaiqca, sadac okeane mtknar wyals uerTdeba da bunebrivi ekologiuri procesebi mangris tyis regeneracias uwyoben xels.3 sanias landSafti, aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi, araTanmimdevrulma ganviTarebam ganadgurebis piras miiyvana. wylis dabinZurebisa da napirsamagri jebirebis mowyobam gaanadgura mangris tye. 2015 wels qalaqis mTavrobam gadawyvita dramatuli nabijebis gadadgma da sanias Mangrove Park-is daproeqteba landSafrtis dizainerebs daavala. Turnscape-is gundma Seqmna ramdenime safexuriani koncefcia, romlis mTavari devizia: forma misdevs procesebs! okeanis talRebi, gaSlili TiTebis formis landSaftis meSveobiT, parkis mimarTulebiT iSleba, rac wyaldidobis Tavidan acilebas emsaxureba. teritoriaze arsebuli resursebis gamoyenebiT gaiWra wylis arxebi da mis gaswvriv aRdga flora da fauna. terasebi urbanuli landSaftidan wvimis wylis gamtarobas uwyoben xels da sazogadoebriv sivrceebs qmnian sxvadasxva doneze. safexmavlo bilikebis qseli zog adgilas gadaxuruli paviliobiT bolovdeba, romelic Crdiliani TavSesafris da garemoTi tkbobis

saSualebas aZlevs vizitorebs. parkis aSenebidan sul raRac sami wlis Semdeg Caketil TiTebSi mangroebma gaixares, Tevzebisa da frinvelebis saxeobebma ki - garemo gaacocxles. parki gadaiqca adgilobrivi TemebisTvis yoveldRiur sarekreacio sivrced da ekologiuri regeneraciis demonstraciad, romelic ara marto bunebriv garemos, aramed sazogadoebriv keTildReobasac aumjobesebs. dedamiwaze, anTropologiuri gavleniT gamowveuli klimatis cvlilebis Sedegad, kidev bevr wyaldidobas, qariSxals, gvalvas, daavadebas, cxovelTa da mcenareTa mravali saxeobis gadaSenebas da sxva cvlilebas unda velodoT. imisaTvis, rom gadavrCeT, unda vadaptirdeT da radikalurad SevcvaloT Cveni midgomebi. landSaftis arqiteqtura gansakuTrebul rols asrulebs am cvlilebebSi. es cvlileba SeiZleba iyos CvenTvis komfortuli esTetikis ugulvebelyofa, bunebriv landSaftTan damegobreba da misi aRiareba. momavlis landSaftis arqitetura urbanizaciis paralelurad, regenerirebuli da “aRdgenili” bunebaa. Tu ufro Sors wavalT da kongZin ius xedvasac moviSveliebT, momavalis qalaqi TavisTavad baRia.

gamoyenebuli resursebi: 1. Kongjian Yu, Little Feet/Big Feet: Sustainability and Aesthetics in China,Harvard Design Magazine, https://www. harvarddesignmagazine.org/issues/31/beautiful-big-feet. 2. h t t p s : / / w w w. t u r e n s c a p e . c o m / e n / p r o j e c t / detail/4677.html 3. h t t p s : / / w w w. t u r e n s c a p e . c o m / e n / p r o j e c t / detail/4677.html

sxva resursebi: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponge_city https://landezine.com/tianjin-qiaoyuan-park-byturenscape-landscape-architecture/ https://www.technologyreview. com/2021/12/21/1041318/flooding-landscape-architectureyu-kongjian/

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#10/ 2023

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