Coyote Call Issue #3 January 27th, 2016
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Table of Contents~ Michael Jordan p. 1 By: Zephaniah HSJ
Computer Coding and Viruses p. 15-17 By: Angelia Lewis
Who is Norma Jean Mortenson? p. 2-3 By: Riley Udall
Winter Vacation Detinations p. 18-20 By: Emily Gossett
Dancing Through Life p. 4-5 By: Landon Barrow
Football in America p. 21-22 By: Marcus Mincey
What Does it Mean to be Deaf? p. 6-9 By: Nichole Horsfall
Trending Artists p. 23-25 By: Elijha Pila
Jack Frost p. 10-12 By: Rebekah Pack
Camptonville Academy Players p. 26
U.S.A Today p. 13-14
Playing Sumdog Math Games p. 27
By: Sarah Verhalen
By: Sahij Gosel
Michael Jordan
By Zephaniah HSJ
“Some people want it to happen, some wish it would happen, others make it happen.” - Michael Jordan Michael went to Emsley A.
Jordan attended the
He was also known as the
best basketball players
Laney High School in
University of North Carolina
best defensive player.
ever, Michael Jeffrey
Wilmington, where he started
where he earned the title of
players in the NBA.
Jordan was born February
his athletic career. During his
ACC Freshman of the year
Jordan’s career in the NBA
17, 1963 in Brooklyn, New sophomore year, he tried out
after averaging
lasted 15 seasons, in which
York. He spent a few years for varsity basketball, but at
approximately 13.4 points
he titled NBA All-Rookie
Considered one of the
of his childhood there
5’11”, Jordan was considered
per game. Later, Jordan left
Team and Rookie of the
before he moved to
too short. By junior year, Jordan
UNC a year early to enter
year in 1985, Defensive
Wilmington, N.C, when he
grew four inches and became
the 1984 NBA drafts where
Player of the Year in 1988,
was just a toddler.
the star of Laney’s junior varsity
the Chicago Bulls chose
Three-time NBA All-Star
He is the fourth of five
team. He scored several forty
Michael as their third overall
Game MVP in 1988, 1996,
children in his family.
point games. Jordan shared that
pick. During Jordan’s first
and 1998, and a member
Jordan has two older
in high school, his favorite
season, he gained fast
of six NBA championship
brothers, one older sister,
number was 45, his brother’s
popularity by earning an
teams in 1991-93, and
and one younger sister.
favorite number was also 45.
average of 28.2 points per
1996-98. For these reasons
“He has seniority,” Jordan said.
game.
Michael Jordan is
“He had an option to wear 45.”
considered one of the best basketball players ever.
Who is Norma Jean Mortenson ?
“First, I’m trying to prove to myself that I’m a person, then maybe I’ll convince myself that I’m an actress.”
Marilyn Monroe was born
Marilyn once again lived with
Marilyn soon got tired of playing the dumb blonde and June 1, 1926 in Los Angles, Grace in September 1941, and went to Lee Strasberg’s acting California. Marilyn’s mother that was around when she met studio. She recieved a lot of listed her father’s address as James Dougherty. Grace praise for her performance in the unknown. After a while, she was arranged for Marilyn to marry placed in a foster home with her neighbor Jim because of the dramatic comedy Bus Stop. Monroe was in the popular Albert and Ida Bolender at the fact she could not support her age of seven because of her anymore. This marriage led to a comedy Some Like It Hot. She played a singer who wanted to mom’s mental instability and also divorce only a few years later. marry a millionaire. The work because she was not married. After the divorce, Marilyn Later on in 1933, Marilyn briefly focused more on her career and she did in this film earned her a Golden Globe Award for the lived with her mother until 1934 signed her first movie contract. “Best Actress In Comedy” in 1959. when Gladys, Marilyn’s mother Of course, the movie contract In 1961, she worked with John started to show signs of mental came with a new name and depression. So then her friend, image for Marilyn. That is when Huston again and starred in the Grace McKee, took over taking she went from Norma Mortenson film The Misfits. The film was an adventure drama where Monroe care of Monroe. Grace planned to to Marilyn Monroe. She also falls for Clark Gable’s cowboy, get married, but in 1935 because dyed her hair blonde. It took but ends up battling him over the of financial difficulties, Marilyn until 1950 for her career to was placed in an orphanage from actually take off when she was in fate of wild mustangs. This was September 1935 to June 1937. John Huston’s crime drama, The Marilyn Monroe’s last completed film. Grace would often visit her, Asphalt Jungle. taking her out to do things.
“She was a girl who knew how to be happy, even when she was sad,and that was important.”
Monroe was let go from the film Something’s Got To Give in 1962, because she missed so many days of filming. According to the New York Times, she claims she had many absences due to illness. A ! lthough Monroe seemed very confident, she had many insecurities. Monroe was in twenty-nine films during her sixteen year career. Marilyn will always be remembered for her beauty and her career. Many people idolize Marilyn Monroe and she is missed.
“This life is what you make it. No matter what, you are going to mess up sometimes. But the good part is you get to decide how you are going to mess it up and how you will make it better.” “Some good things fall apart so better things can fall together.” -Marilyn Monroe
DANCING THROUGH LIFE
“Where there is no heart, there is no art.� -Anna Pavlova Dorthee Gilbert stretching at the barre.
A Career as an Artist Most people grow up thinking ballet is just a hobby you start as a child. It can blossom into a very rewarding career. A larger amount of professional ballet dancers started at a young age and have been dancing for most of their lives. There are multiple ways to kickstart a ballet career: going to a performing arts college and hoping a ballet company takes you when you graduate, auditioning into a ballet company right after high
school, or maybe even auditioning in high school and they save you a spot in the company. If you do make it into a ballet company, you start at the bottom which is called the core of the ballet. The core is the largest group of dancers in the company. Then, of course, you work your way up, into principle dancer, then eventually soloist. The road of a dancer is short, dangerous, and uncertain.
By: Landon Barrow
10 Big Ballet Companies 1.ABT (American Ballet Theatre) 2.The Joffery Ballet 3.New York City Ballet 4.San Francisco Ballet 5.San Diego Ballet 6.Washington Ballet 7.Portland Ballet 8.Miami City Ballet 9.Sacramento Ballet 10.Placer Theatre Ballet
The life of a ballet dancer is definitely eventful. If your ballet company travels, you get to see the world while doing something that you love. It also means never ending days, early morning costume fittings, to late night rehearsals. Depending on where you are located, a lot of dancers rely on local eateries. Sticking to a healthy diet is a bit more expensive. This can be difficult for a professional dancer because it’s not the best paying job.
A lot of ballet companies do provide pointe shoes (a type of shoe that helps you to dance on top of your toes), regular flat ballet shoes, and tights, Which of course helps a great deal. Those few items can add up to a very large amount of money. Most pointe shoes cost around $100. Personally I go through multiple shoes a month, and I’m not at a professional level. Some professional dancers go through a pair a day. So again having these things supplied really helps. !
Auditioning is a huge part of ballet world; your life basically turns into one big audition. You have to audition for solos, core pieces, summer programs, and companies. I have experience with auditioning for a local company, and summer intensives at more prestigious ballet schools. Those are definitely higher stress level auditions. Usually in these circumstances you audition for multiple parts to increase your chances of getting accepted, I usually audition for two or three every year. I like to set my goals high and audition for my favorite company that year, and a few smaller ones just in case. Auditions are usually held in January/February. You often get your acceptance or denial letter two to three weeks after. Leading up to the audition at least a month before, I cut out a lot of unhealthy foods. I also “up” my training inside and outside of class. As a determined dancer, if I want something I will work hard and try as much as I can to get there. Like any sports endeavor, ballet is very time consuming and draining at times. But it is always most rewarding.
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What Does It Mean to be Deaf? By: Nichole Horsfall
Being deaf means you lack the ability to hear. It does not mean you are unable to function in society or learn. It only means you cannot hear.
What is “Deaf Culture”? Deaf culture is the set of social beliefs, behaviors, art, literary traditions, history, values, and shared institutions of communities that are influenced by deafness and which use sign languages as the main means of communication. ~Wikipedia definition.
Sign Language Sign Language is a language, which uses manual communication and body language to convey meaning. The most common form of sign language in the United States is American Sign Language (ASL). ASL was created with a combination of the French Sign Language and home signs. Signing is not limited to deaf people. Interpreters and those who can hear but not physically speak also use it.
200 distinct sign languages in the world.
People foolishly believe that there is only one form of sign language that is used world wide, but in fact, there are over
With ASL, there can be different signs for the same word or meaning. For instance, there are hundreds of different signs for “Birthday.” There can also be different signs for different regions of the U.S. The east coast and west coast have different signs for certain words or phrases.
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History of Deaf Culture
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Deaf President Now
Being deaf is NOT a physical handicap. Until 1817, many people thought deaf people could not learn or be educated. Those who could hear figured that because deaf people could not hear, they could not learn and were stupid. In the 1800s, most deaf people lived in rural areas. They were pushed far back and distanced from the hearing community. In 1815, a man named Laurent Clerc traveled to England to give a lecture, and that was where he first met Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet. Gallaudet was a professional minister who went to England to study methods used for teaching deaf students. In 1816, Gallaudet invited Clerc to accompany him to the United States to establish the first permanent school for the deaf. During the long voyage, Clerc learned English from Gallaudet, and Gallaudet learned sign language from Clerc. April 15th, 1817, the first school for the deaf in North America was opened, firstly named the Hartford Asylum for the Education and Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb. It was originally located at old Bennet’s City Hotel, Hartford, Connecticut, but was renamed the American School for the Deaf and was then relocated to its permanent location in 1821. Not soon after, a man named Alexander Graham Bell came and thought that learning sign language prevented deaf people from learning to speak. In 1860, oral schools for the deaf opened up. Speaking, lipreading, and engaging in “normal” conversations were the goals for the oral method. The students would be classified into two sections. Oral Success and Oral Failure. An “Oral Success” would be a student who could speak and write fluently. An “Oral Failure” were students who could not speak. Today, they are known as deaf mutes. Students were not allowed to sign in the oral schools. If they did, they would be punished, typically by having to wear big white gloves so they could not sign. In 1880, the National Association for the Deaf (NAD) was founded. The NAD protects the rights of the deaf community, and while the NAD fights for the rights of deaf individuals, they also work on spreading the knowledge of the deaf community to the hearing community. Robert Weightbreight was deaf and worked on making a phone for the deaf. He came up with the TTY. It is a typewriter-phone. Basically, it is a typed out phone call. These phone calls were usually spread out over a long period of time. It took a while for the messages to be transmitted back to each other. In 1955, sign language made a comeback, but only a few people knew how to sign. Although there is nothing “broken” or “inadequate” about signing, it still seemed shameful. Like the hearing world, the deaf community had race segregation as well. When the two worlds collided, it was noticeable that black deaf people used some signs that white people did not. In 1987, the students of Gallaudet wanted a deaf president for their school. They thought it would only seem logical that a school for the deaf would have a deaf president. When the election ran, there were two deaf runners and one hearing runner. The board of directors chose the hearing candidate to make it easier for them. Protesting against it, the deaf students went to the hotel where the board of directors were. The board held their ground for the hearing president. During the protest, deaf students hot wired buses and blocked exits and then slashed all of the tires so that they could not be moved. This action shocked everyone. It showed that deaf people are just as capable as those who are hearing. They even managed to get hold of the “I have a dream” banner that was used in the civil rights movement. Ninety-three percent of the people supported the students, and after a long meeting, the board gave in to all of their demands.
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ASL has no written form, so it is normally translated into English. The English representations of ASL concepts are called GLOSS. For example, take the phrase: “I’m going to the store.” A hearing person would say: “I’m going to the store.” However, a deaf person would sign: “Store-me-go-to.” Both sentences have the same meaning, but they are just translated differently. In sign language, the object or noun has to be stated before the verb.
Hearing Aid
Treatment for Deafness Cochlear Implant
Ninety-percent of deaf people will have hearing parents, but only 10% of deaf parents will have deaf children. Deafness cannot be cured, but treatment may help. Some parents will try anything to “cure” their deaf child. Some even thought that if their child were to meet the legendary Babe Ruth, then their child will be so amazed and shocked that he would get his hearing back. At a time, parents even turned to aviation for a cure. They thought that flying up really high, and the roar of the plane engines would make a deaf child start to hear. While there is really no such cure for deafness, there are forms of treatment. There are hearing aids and cochlear implants, however, both would require years worth of speech therapy. Hearing aids are digital and basically take sounds from one’s environment and amplify them to make them louder in ones ear. Cochlear implants take sounds and mechanically transmit them into one’s brain. These are more likely to show results when implanted at a young age.
Deaf Role Models
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There are many famous deaf people from all around the world. Their success begins to make them role models for both hearing and deaf children. Marlee Matlin!
Marlee Matlin is an American actress. She won the Academy Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role for Children of a Lesser God, and she is the only deaf performer to win the award, and, at 21, the youngest to date.
Kenny Walker-
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Kenny Walker is a former defensive lineman for the Denver Broncos and the first deaf player to have played in the Canadian Football League and one of only three to have played in the National Football League.
Nyle DiMarco-
! Nyle DiMarco is an American actor and model. He is the first and only deaf contestant to appear on America's Next Top Model. Nyle became the winner of America's Next Top Model in the finale, beating MamĂŠ Adjei in the finale of 22nd season.
Deaf people are the same as hearing people. The only difference is that deaf people cannot hear. However, they do not let that stop them from achieving their goals and striving for greatness. I Love you
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Jack Frost Have you ever wondered who brings winter? In some legends, it is a fictional being by the name of Jack Frost. Jack Frost is one of the variants of old man winter. He is the one who supposedly changes autumn into winter. He brings frost, ice, snow, sleet, and the freezing cold weather to the world during the winter time. He may be the reason why in the winter there is frost on the windows, ice on cars, and sleet on the streets. In The Christmas Song, Nat King Cole sings about Jack Frost nipping at people’s noses. Jack Frost may have come from Anglo-Saxon and Norse winter customs. Jack Frost has many similar mythological beings who have his same role of bringing winter but have different folklore stories to them. Jack Frost has many different names depending on what country or folklore. Jack Frost is usually described as a sprite-like creature who is a mischievouslike hero. In some literature or folklore he is either a hero, a villain, or he is none of them at all. Jack Frost is also in a lot of popular cultures such as literature, films, and televisions animations.
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Literature
Films
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In some literature about Jack Frost, he is portrayed as very kid like and mischievous, like in Hannah Flagg Gould’s poem The Frost, Charles Sangsters’s Little Jack Frost, L. Frank Baum’s The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus, and also in Terry Pratchett’s novel Hogfather. In other books Jack is portrayed as someone who just likes to make things cold like in the book The Stranger by Chris Van Allsburg. In this book Jack Frost is a stranger with amnesia who helps at a family farm before he regains his memories.
Jack Frost is also in some films such as Morozko, a Russian myth who is the equivalent of Jack Frost. He sometimes is the villain, like in the horror comedy film Jack Frost and also in the last movie in the Santa Claus series, The Santa Claus 3: The Escape Clause. But he is not only the villain, he is sometimes the hero, like in the 2012 animated movie Rise of the Guardians, where the writers portrayed Jack Frost as a carefree teenager who enjoys bringing mischief and having fun. In the movie the writers give you a new way to view this mischief maker.
Jack Frost is also in some TV animations. He was a character in a lot of Rankin/Bass TV specials like Frosty’s Winter Wonderland, where he is Frosty’s best man at his wedding to Crystal. In another one, Jack Frost helps Rudolph bring Frosty and his family back to life. That one is Frosty’s Christmas in July. After those, he is the main character in his own movie, Jack Frost, where he falls in love with a human girl, and asks Father Winter to make him human.
Jack Frost, from Chris Van Allsburg’s book, The Stranger
Jack Frost, from The Santa Claus 3: The Escape Clause
Jack Frost from the movie Jack Frost
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Jacks Frost in Frosty’s Winters Wonderland
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Jack Frost from Rudolph and Frosty’s Christmas in July
Jack Frost From the movie Rise of the Guardians
Jack Frost is a folklore character. His story is told around the world. Sometimes, there is a surprise twist to this timeless tale. I hope you enjoy his story.
By Rebekah Pack
USA Today Sarah Verhalen
January 12. 2016
Freedom of Speech
Economy
Immigration
Police Controversy
ISIS
Syrian Refugees
Americans today are fighting for their constitutional right.
Many people are struggling in America’s fallen economy.
Millions of people are fleeing their countries to find a new life in America. But where is the limit?
Are the police racist or simply protecting themselves?
Most countries are on their toes, ready for another attack. So why isn’t the US?
Syrian women and children are fleeing the Middle East, looking for places to live in safety. Will America help?
situations. Others, however, believe that including more people will worsen the American economy and make it harder for American citizens to receive a job.
A Divided Nation People in the United States today have to be very cautious about what they say around other people. Political correctness has been forced on everybody, to the point that some people are not able to use their right of free speech. Of course it is good to be kind and to not offend anyone, but Americans are allowed to voice their opinions and beliefs. Christmas time is a perfect example of this. Because the word “Christ” is in “Christmas,” it offends people of some religions. However, Christians believe that Christmas is all about Christ, and have the right to say “Christmas”. If someone does not like that word, then they can say “Happy Holidays” or something like that, but they do not have the authority to deprive someone else of their freedom of speech. Although these kinds of controversies are very prominent in this country today they are taking the attention from more pressing matters.
Currently the African-American community and police officers are at odds. Some caucasian officers have shot African-American people. Some AfricanAmericans claim that they were acts of racism, while the officers said that they were being threatened and needed to protect themselves. There have been riots in some cities because of these shootings, which have caused unsafe environments for those communities. The American people should be more concerned with solving this issue than what they can or cannot say to one another. The United States, as well as the entire world, has many problems that are more important than worrying about offending someone. This country is currently trillions of dollars in debt, which should cause the people to want to solve economic problems before mending someone’s hurt feelings. The U.S. is also struggling with a controversy over immigration. Some people think that this country should welcome more people in to save them from conflicts in their home countries or poor financial
The American people are also at odds about the issue of gun control. Some people believe that the right for citizens to bear arms has caused an increase in violence, whereas others think that carrying guns causes a decrease in violence. Criminals will still carry guns whether or not it is permitted. The issue is not with the guns, but with the people who carry them. If guns are banned then the criminals will still be able to commit crimes, but the victims will not be able to protect themselves.
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Globally, the most pressing issue is ISIS and the Syrian refugees. A suicide bomber recently caused an explosion in Paris, France, that led to the deaths of over one hundred people. Some countries, like Russia, saw this as a wake-up call and began using their military to stop ISIS. The United States and President Obama, on the other hand, are more concerned with issuing new bills and laws. In a recent speech President Obama dismissed ISIS as this nation’s threat, and said that the climate is the most important issue currently. The U.S. is now letting Syrian refugees in, and some of them could be ISIS in disguise. The Syrian women and children need to be helped, however America and the other nations need to be extremely careful about who they let in. Recently, in San Bernardino, California, a Syrian couple killed fourteen people, and injured others. People came forward and confessed that they were partners with ISIS. This is exactly the type of situation that some Americans were afraid would
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happen when Syrian refugees were let into this country. Supposedly the refugees undergo a complicated screening process, but obviously it does not work well enough. The US cannot abandon all of the women and children who need a place to live, but it also needs to be much more careful about who exactly is let in. With all of these national and global problems occurring, why are people so concerned about how they appear, what they say, and how other people feel? That is not going to solve the United States’ and the world’s problems. A strong president and informed people will be able to make a difference. If ISIS is truly a threat, then the American people need to be informed so that this nation can prepare to stop a future attack, or remove the problem itself. In order to stop an attack, however, people need to be able to carry guns. Otherwise, there is no way for someone to protect themselves during a life-threatening situation. If America informed its citizens completely and honestly about every
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situation, then the people could begin getting their priorities straight. In order to begin paying back the trillions of dollars in debt and protect the nation from terrorist attacks, Americans and the government need to focus on American problems. Therefore, Americans, use your constitutional rights to protect yourselves, make problems known, and save your nation.
COMPUTERS CODING AND VIRUSES By: Angelia Lewis December 15, 2015
There are many things to computers that some people aren’t very aware of. Some may have heard of computer viruses or coding, though may not know more than that. Computer coding and viruses are both topics that most people don’t know too much on. Coding IS involved in viruses, though not all coding creates viruses. Viruses can be very dangerous to the technology and coding is very useful for the technology. What is coding? Code is a set of instructions that the technology uses to run. Anything that is powered by electricity uses code, though there is a person who creates it. Coding is when someone writes the code for a certain piece of technology – most likely a computer – to run. There are many different coding languages that translate from what the person coding to understand to something that the computer can understand. The language that computers use to run is called binary code, which is basically just 1’s and 0’s. People don’t code in binary, they instead code in languages such as SQL, Java, Python, and more. Coding languages can be “low-level” or “high-level”. Higher-level languages are easier to code in, while lower-level languages closely resemble binary. An example of a low-level language would be C, which is used for graphics-heavy applications like video games. A few commonly seen uses of code are video games, websites, and applications on a computer or tablet. What are viruses? A computer virus is a malware program. When executed, it replicates and inserts copies of itself – possibly modifying itself – into other computer programs, data Yiles, or the boot sector of the hard drive. When the replication succeeds, the affected areas are “infected” with the virus. Viruses often do tasks on the device that would be harmful to it, such as stealing hard drive space or CPU time, accessing private information and Yiles, corrupting data, displaying messages on the screen, spamming the contacts of someone, logging their keystrokes, or even rendering the device useless. There are many types of viruses that infect different portions of the computer. Some are more dangerous than others, but overall, all are dangerous. Depending on how the virus is supposed to work, it could cause more or less damage.
Sailing Newsletter • 1234 Main Street • Anytown, State ZIP • 123.456.7890
December 15, 2015
Different Types of Viruses
Directory Virus: Macro Virus: Also known as cluster virus or a Yile system virus, These infect Yiles created using applications or they infect the computer’s directory by changing programs that contain macros such as docs, the path indicating Yile location. They are usually pps, xls, or mdb. They hide in documents located in the disk, but infect the entire directory. shared through e-mail and networks. Memory Resident Virus: They usually infect themselves inside the computer memory. Every time the operating system runs, it does and infects other opened Yiles. They hide in RAM, the computer memory.
Web Scripting Virus: They come from infected web pages or browsers. Multipartite Virus: They spread in different ways that vary depending on the operating system installed and the presence of certain Yiles. They hide in the computer’s memory, but do not infect the hard disk.
Overwrite Virus: They delete any information in a Yile they infect, leaving the Yile partially or completely FAT Virus: useless once they are infected. Once in the They attack the Yile allocation table (FAT), which computer, they replace all Yile content of a Yile is the disc part used to store every piece of but the Yile size doesn’t change, making it hard information about the available space, location of to detect a virus at Yirst. Yiles, usable space, and more. Direct Action Virus: They mainly replicate or take action once they Companion Virus: They infect Yiles like the direct action virus and are executed. When a certain condition is met, the resident virus types. Once inside the computer the virus will act by infecting the Yile directory they “accompany” the existing Yiles. of the folder speciYied in the AUTOEXE.BAT. Viruses generally found in the hard disk’s root directory, but keeps changing location. Polymorphic Virus: Each time this virus infects the computer, they encode or encrypt themselves in a different way. Using different encryption and algorithms make is harder for an antivirus program to Yind. Browser Hijacker: These spread in many ways, including a voluntary download as one of the ways. It infects certain browser functions especially in the form of redirecting the user automatically to some sites that can be harmful. Boot Infector: All the viral codes of this virus can be in a separate location, infecting the hard disk or the Yloppy. Sailing Newsletter • 1234 Main Street • Anytown, State ZIP • 123.456.7890
Those are some of the many types of viruses to be wary of and that can be harmful to the computer. Also, there are Worms and Trojans too, which can be even more harmful to a computer. Worms are similar to viruses and self replicate, while Trojans can illegally trace important login details. Sometimes Trojans can get someone’s bank account information and a user of a Trojan can get that information to use. With all the viruses around, it’s very important to keep your computer protected. There are some things you can do to keep your computer protected. -Install Anti-Virus/Anti-Malware software -Keep your anti-virus software up to date -Run regularly scheduled scans of your computer
-Keep your operating system up to date – operating systems are always updated for more security. -Secure your network with a password -Avoid websites that provide pirated material, don’t open an email attachment from someone you don’t know and be careful opening links from an unsolicited email. -Keep your personal information safe -Don’t use open Wi-Fi networks -Back up your Yiles -Use different strong passwords and write them down so you remember them
Coding is used for viruses, but not all coding is used for viruses. Computers use coding to run programs and games. When someone writes a virus, it uses coding too. Computer viruses date back to the 1970’s when the ‘Creeper Virus’ was detected on ARPANET. ARPANET was the forerunner of the internet back then. The Creeper was known as an experimental self-replicating program. This program was written by Bob Thomas at BBN Technologies in the year 1971. Creeper used the ARPANET to infect a certain type of computer that ran TENEX operating systems. It displayed a message stating "I'm the creeper, catch me if you can!". The Reaper program was created to get rid of the Creeper. Since the 1970s, viruses have gotten more powerful over time and have been able to do more to a computer.
Winter Vacation Destinations By: Emily Gossett
Where should you go on your next vacation? Winter break is coming up
country or stay local, there
quickly. You may be scurrying to look for some
are plenty of ideas for all the wild-at-heart. Do you want adventurers out there. to see the sites and explore
fun things to do or cool places to go. Whether you
There are campsites if you’re looking for a relaxing
want to travel to a different
vacation or hiking trails in
Chewton Glen Treehouses in United Kingdom
the backcountry for the
or relax and lay low? We have locations for it all.
Yosemite National Park in California
Places to Go and Nature to See Many people like going on little adventures but want to try something new. There are so many cool places you may have never heard of. A new trend on the rise is staying in tree houses. There are lots of places that have treehouse cabins like Chewton Glen in the U.K. If you’re looking for a fun place to just hike for the day Mossbrae Falls in Dunsmuir, California is a great place. I personally got to hike here and it’s a cool hike along railroad tracks and suspension bridges until you get to the falls.There’s also a natural spring of carbonated water, so if you bring your own flavoring you can make homemade soda. Another popular place in California is Patrick’s Point. There are many beaches, campsites, tide-pools, and different trails. The Redwood Forest in Trinidad, California is a super pretty place. There are many different trails and cool sites to see. Some of the trees are hollowed out on the inside so you can stand in the middle of the tree and see all the way to the top.
A view of the Milky Way
Maybe you’re interested in going on a road trip. A great thing to do is find out where you’ll be able to see the Milky Way. Grab your tent, and get in the car. Once you reach you destination find a place you can legally camp or get a backcountry license and watch the stars. If you’re really interested in being adventurous you can go to Yosemite, California. A special that they have now is the TempeRATEure rate.You get to stay in Yosemite in a tent for the night and the next day the price of your stay is the lowest temperature from the night before. If you’re willing to travel a ways, there’s a famous national park in Washington called Olympic National Park that has many amazing sites and trails to wander through.
Sites to See
Olympic National Park, WA
Mossbrae Falls in Dunsmuir, CA
Patrick’s Point, CA
Redwood Forest in Trinidad, CA
A beach in Pacifica, CA near San Francisco
Pismo,CA
Multnomah Falls, OR
Burney Falls, CA
Feather Falls, CA
Lake Tahoe, CA
Oceans, Lakes, and Waterfalls Another very popular beach is in Pismo, California. In Pismo you can go to the beach, go to town and do some shopping, go on awesome bike trails, or go to the sand dunes with a quad or sand buggy. San Francisco, California is a great beach destination. There is a lot of shopping and restaurants. You’ll also have a choice of many surrounding beaches like Pacifica or Whale Cove Beach. If you’re looking for a snowy destination, Lake Tahoe, California is an excellent choice.You can snowboard, ski, sled, play in the snow, or just relax in the
cabins. I was informed that a local favorite is Feather Falls in Oroville, California. It’s the sixth tallest waterfall in America! Burney Falls, California has amazing waterfalls with a fairly easy hike around the area. Another popular destination is Multnomah Falls in Oregon. There are gorgeous falls there and a rustic bridge that goes over the falls.
All in all, no matter where you’re going have fun! There is so much to see and explore. Enjoy time with your friends and family, explore, camp out, sit under the stars, splash in the water, take pictures, make some memories. Go on an adventure this winter!
By: Marcus Mincey
Coyote Call 2015
FOOTBALL IN AMERICA
These are where all the NFL teams are most liked
How Was Football Created in America? The Origin of Football Do you like sports? Have you ever thought about how it was created? People do not usually think about how a sport was created, even if it is their favorite sport to watch or play, like football. Football (originally called American Football) developed out of a cross between association football (soccer) and rugby. The team layout for soccer is eleven vs. eleven and for rugby it is fifteen vs. fifteen. Rugby also grew out from soccer itself in England, so soccer is actually the core of this sport. As both games made their way across the Atlantic, they were played in colleges and universities, and out of these two games, football was born. The earliest history of the game tells us that no single variety of the game was played. Some schools played soccer, others played rugby, and some played different combinations of the two sports (certainly without any formalized rules). The first recorded football game was between Princeton and Rutgers on November 6, 1869 at Rutgers in New Brunswick, New Jersey. The game was played under modified London
Football Association rules – for example, players could only kick the ball, not touch it with their hands, and each score, called a goal, counted for one point (Rutgers beat Princeton 6-4). However, unlike soccer, there were 25 players on each side, not the usual 11. This first college game was essentially soccer, but nevertheless laid the groundwork for the modern game as we know it today. In order to do that, however, rules would have to be put in place to truly differentiate the sport. One example that football came from soccer is that they can still kick the ball for points, only now it is through a field goal that is 30ft tall and 18ft 6in long and it is worth three points now. And in rugby they can still tackle people to either stop them or take the ball from them. The game has greatly evolved from then. There are now more rules and more teams that try to become the champions, and there are more schools, both high school and college, that play the game in competition.
FOOTBALL OF TODAY Rules: Then and now Over the years the rules of football have changed quite a bit. At first the rules were simple: get the ball and run past the opponents or throw the ball to a teammate in the end zone (the place where teams score) to get points. Now there are rules against blocking a receiver, holding the opponent so they do not get to run for a pass, and that only the defense can start moving before the ball is hiked. There are still dozens of other rules to the game that were not there when the sport was made, and new ones are being added all the time.
Football teams: There are only two teams that remain today from the beginning of the NFL in 1920: the Chicago Cardinals (now the Arizona Cardinals) and the Decatur Staley’s (now the Chicago Bears). After those two, it is the Green Bay Packers founded in 1921 who is the oldest franchise that has both the same location and the same name. Over the span of 95, years we now have 32 teams to watch play all across America.
How they are organized and get to the Superbowl The teams are organized into two main divisions, The AFC (American Football Conference) and The NFC (National Football Conference). There are sixteen teams in both major divisions making a total of 32 teams. Then they are put into another, smaller, division depending on their location: North, South, East, and West. There are four teams to each of the smaller divisions. The best teams of each regional division, North, East, South, West, play
against each other. They aren’t the only ones though; there are the two wild cards that made it to these matches. The wild cards are the next two teams with the best record regardless of where they came from. Then the 1st wild card plays the 3rd division champion and the 2nd wild card plays the 4th division champ. The 1st and 2nd division champs get to automatically advance to the second round where the first division plays the lower seated of the teams (WC 1,DW 4, or WC 2) and the second division plays the higher seated of them (DW 3, DW 4, or WC 1) to see who advances to the finals to see who becomes the champion of the conference. Then the two conference champions play against each other in the biggest football game in the world, the Super Bowl. There everyone watches to see who the best team in the NFL is for that year.
College Football As you read earlier, college football is the originator of football in America, and it has continued to evolve along with professional football. College football is the same as pro football, or you could say that pro football is the same as college. They both play for both fun and glory; they play to get into the NFL or just to have fun. They also try to make it to their own kind of Super Bowl called the Bowl Championship Series, which is played at four different locations, rotating yearly from one to another: the Rose Bowl, the Fiesta Bowl, the Orange Bowl and the Sugar Bowl. Their rules also slightly differ from the NFL. For example, making a catch in college needs only one foot on the ground instead of two.
College to Pro: The Draft After playing at the college level for a few years, players decide if they want to go pro or stay in college. Every year all of the pro football teams come together to decide what college players they want on their team. This event is called a draft. Since teams are always looking to improve, they decide to try out some fresh college kids on their team, they must also be out of high school for 3 years to be eligible. The way the draft is set up is that teams are given a different number of picks depending on how they did the season before. The draft is split into several different rounds. Teams that did badly get higher numbers so they can try to get good college players to improve their team and the same with teams that did well, only they pick later in the round. Last year the New England Patriots won the Super Bowl, That means that they pick last and the runner ups get to pick second to last and so on. Teams can also trade their pick positions for a later selection, the player or players they selected for another, or both. Sometimes though, a college player may not be selected into the draft and he must wait for his next opportunity. There are also different ways for a person to go pro. You can get spotted by a scout while in another sport or go for open try-outs. Hopefully they get to play for the team they want and make all their friends, family and fans proud of both their team and themselves.
Trending Artists: Popular artists to check out. As we all know, sometimes it can be a struggle to decide what you want to listen to. At times you may want to listen to pop music, but you don't know what artist, or it may be the other way around. Trying something new might be your answer. There is almost always new artists in every genre or an artist who has been around for a while but is now getting more popular. You could look up new and fresh artists or use some kind of music streaming app like Spotify or Pandora. Pandora is a music streaming app that lets you search certain genres, artists, or song titles, and then lets you choose those stations to listen to. Spotify is about the same but has some perks. If you use the free version of Spotify, you can listen to radio stations just like Pandora. However, if you subscribe to Spotify for a certain amount of money each month, you can create playlists of your favorite songs or search for certain songs and artists etc. I have two artists who have gained a lot of attention lately that are worth checking out.
Twenty One Pilots Twenty One Pilots was started by three college guys living in Ohio named Tyler Joseph, Nick Thomas, and Chris Salih. Tyler came up with the name of the band when he was studying All My Sons by Arthur Miller, a play about a man who must decide what’s best for his family after causing the death of “twenty one pilots” during World War II. They released their first debut self titled album and began touring Ohio. Salih and Thomas ended up leaving the band due to busy schedules and Josh Dun joined and began touring with Tyler. Twenty One Pilots is a mix of punk, alternative hip-hop, electropop, and indie pop. Tyler stated in a interview, “We never really fit into any scene, so we figured we would make our own.” For their album, Vessel, they entered a studio for the first time. In May of 2013 the guys toured with Fall Out Boy as opening acts for the Save Rock and Roll Arena Tour. On March 16, 2015 the band announced that their new album Blurryface was to be released on May 19th. The album reached No. 1 on the Billboard 200, and the guys started their Blurryface World Tour on May 11th in Scotland. They began their U.S. tour on September 8th, touring with Echosmith and Finish Ticket.
Melanie Martinez Melanie Martinez was born on April 28, 1995, and became a contestant on The Voice in 2012. She sang Britney Spears’ “Toxic” and got the three judges, Cee Lo Green, Adam Levine, and Blake Shelton to turn their chairs. Melanie then chose Adam as her coach. Melanie was doing very well, but then she was eliminated by audience vote. Melanie soon started working on original songs and then released her debut single “Dollhouse.” She then started to work on an album called Crybaby, which was released in August. Melanie’s album is exactly like a children's storybook but has deeper and darker meanings to it. The story of the album represents Melanie's life troubles and situations. Melanie's music genre is a mix of Alternative, Pop and Dark Wave with some elements of Electro Pop. Her tour was in 2015, and now she has a 2016 to 2017 tour happening soon. She also just recently released a new Christmas single called “Gingerbread Man” on December 24th.
The Camptonville Academy Players have been presenting the dinner theater comedy, Café Murder, Jan. 21st through 31st in the school’s Multipurpose Room. Tickets are $5.00 for individuals and $20.00 for groups of five. Appetizers, pizza and drinks are included in the ticket price as are actor – audience interaction and lots of laughs. Seating is limited, so be sure to buy your tickets in advance at the front desk.
Playing Sumdog Math Games By: Sahij Gosal
I cannot resist playing computer math games with my sister! I am Sahij Gosal, and I am nine years old. My sister’s name is Jasleen Gosal and she is eleven. We look forward to playing in the evening before supper. We play computer math games at our house or at our grandma’s house in Live Oak, CA. At our house, we play in the living room, and when we go to my grandma’s house we play on her black, fluffy, and very bouncy couch. The website we go to is www.sumdog.com on the computer or phone. We learn a lot of skills in the games that help us in math. It is a challenge to play against my sister. Sometimes I win, and sometimes she wins.