A Nation Divided

A Nation Divided

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Saige Walker, Rennie Failor, Katherine Conrad

November 14, 2011

More About the North Strengths The Northâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s strengths included having more factories, more industry, they had a bigger population, they produced 97% of the country's firearms, 96% of railroad locomotives, 94% of its cloth, 93% of its pig iron, and over 90% of its boots and shoes. They had a better navy and they controlled both of the seas.

Weaknesses They had to invade the south, at the beginning they werenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t fighting for a moral cause,

Political Leaders The political leaders of the North were Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas

Military Leaders Ulysses S. Grant, George McClellan, Irvin McDowell, William T. Sherman, George Meade, Admiral David Farragut

Colors The Union uniforms were sky blue and dark blue. Some riflemen wore green.

The flag of the Union was red, white, and blue.

Nicknames They were called The Yankees, The Union, Federals, The National Army, and The Old Army.

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N O V E M B E R

2 0 1 1

the

Personal Experiences

Quotes July 4th, 1863 “My Dear Mother The last letter I mailed you, was, I think, from Barnsville, Md. Since then we have had very long and rapid marched. Our Corps arrived here on the afternoon of the 2nd after a hard march of 32 miles, and just in time to save our army from a total defeat, as it appeared at the time. Our Corps went into it splendidly, driving the rebels in every direction and recapturing the artillery that the 5th Corps had lost. Our regiment had but one man wounded. We were right in were the balls flew thick and fast, and how we got off so well I do not see. Yesterday we were opened on several times by the rebel artillery and sharpshooters. We had built a barricade which protected us from their fire. Our success yesterday was most complete. We repulsed the rebels at every attack. I suppose we captured 8000 prisoners and also General Longstreet. The portion of the field we occupy is strewn with mostly with our dead. Very few of the rebels are to be seen, but I am told a short distance beyond here they lay thick. Last evening our line was advanced and we captured between two and three regiments. The men are in splendid spirits. The smell of the dead is awful. we have not have time to bury them. We will wind up the rebel army before they reach the Potomac.

We have all got sixty-five crackers to celebrate the day with. I must close. “

By:

“The true soldier fights not because he hates what is in front of him but because he loves what is behind him” G.K. Kesterson

“You’ve never until you almost died.

For those who fought for it, life has a flavor the protected will never know.”

Unknown Soldier

“Only the dead have seen the end of war” Plato

Personal Experiences of the South January 4th, 1862 Dear Brother I take this opportunity to inform you that I am well and hope these few lines may find you and all the balance at home enjoying the same blessing.

Plecker and Craun arrived here on the 26th Dec. we were very glad to see them and hear from home especially when they handed out those nice boxes of provisions prepared for us by the good folks at home. I am very much obliged to you for the box you sent me. Tell Jane that I am very much obliged to her for those nice gloves she presented to me. also the envelopes blackberries apples and paper and other things she has sent me. We thought we were going to have a dry time during the holidays but it proved otherwise. Our boys have been in good spirits ever since those boxes arrived. […] I believe this is all I have to write this time.

Yours Respectfully AW Kersh Ps Tell Mother that I was glad to hear that she was well and not to fret about me. our Mess have a good warm cabin to stay in and that I am well and in fine spirits A W Kersh

This letter from A. W. Kersh explains how the soldiers really appreciate the things that people from home send to them, care packages gave the soldiers new hope and a spark to fight. !

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Repeating rifles of the Civil War

The most popular models of repeating rifles -the sharps carbine -the henry repeating rifle -the spencer carbine

The Spencer repeating rifle

The Spencer was the primary repeating carbine and rifle of the Civil War. Most were issued in carbine form for the cavalry although rifles were also made for the infantry. Of the 144,500 Spencers made, 107,372 were acquired by the Federal Government during the war. It became the most popular of the carbines for cavalry use by the Union Army, and was widely used in the

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west after the Civil War

The Henry repeating rifle The Henry rifle was created in 1860 the year before the American Civil War. B. Tyler Henry invented both the cartridge and the rifle that are known by his name. The 44 Henry rimfire cartridge was the first practical fully complete self-contained metallic cartridge. The Henry Rifle was a further development of prior attempts to make a repeating firearm.

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The Sharp rifle

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The Sharps was one of the two most common and best known breechloading guns made during the Civil War. Approximately 100,000 Sharps carbines and 15,000 Sharps rifles were made and issued during the War by the Union. By comparison, the Union made approximately 1,500,000 of the standard infantry 58 Rifle Musket. The Richmond factories of the Confederacy made about 5,000 Sharps duplicate carbines from a total arms production there of about 15,000. These were more crudely finished and typically had a brass front band.

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Eli Reynaga

11/11/11

Repeating Rifle

The Spencer Repeating rifle was the most successful repeating rifle.

The Union bought more than 100,000 of them.

The Gatling gun was also a very deadly weapon that was used in the Civil War that could fire multiple rounds in a few seconds.

The Spencer Repeating rifle cost about 25 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 40 dollars to make. It used a .52 caliber bullet but didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have the range of a regular musket because it had a smaller powder charge.

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Minié Ball By: Keith Sanders

The Minié Ball Changed Warfare The minié ball was a new cylindrical bullet invented by a

French army officer. The minié ball had grooves along the side of the bullet to make it spin. This made the new bullet more accurate at long distances. This new bullet could also be loaded easier. Even when the rifle became dirty the minié ball proved lethally accurate up to 400 yards. Soldiers could now fight from greater distances.

This caused battles to last longer and resulted in more casualties.

Civil war – Torpedos and Sea mines BY:Tyler Smith

Land mines of the civil war were constructed of iron and steel and mostly weighed over 300 pounds……………………….

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Torpedos!!!!!!!!!

Were in the shape of a

rocket and were used to destroy naval ships that they were fighting their tactics were very good for them aim and shoot and most the time they hit their target in a devastating blow because nobody expected them to be their and their distances were vary to 5 ft in front of them to miles on end just floating till the hit something.

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2 1

JEFFERSON DAVIS

2

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Feugiat:

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"Secession belongs to a different class of remedies. It is to be justified upon the basis that the States are Sovereign. There was a time when none denied it. I hope the time may come again, when a better comprehension of the theory of our Government, and the inalienable rights of the people of the States, will prevent any one from denying that each State is a Sovereign, and thus may reclaim the grants which it has made to any agent whomsoever."

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B Y

S E R E N A

K U B O

the

Anaconda Plan Nov. 2011

What was it?

Significance to the Civil War The Anaconda Plan helped the north because it made a blockade and secondly they used a strong column of 80,0000 men along the Mississippi River as a highway to go completely through the confederacy. This assult consisted of relatively small amphibious forces including the army troops transported by boats and supported by gunboats.

Facts!!!!!!

1. behind the small amphibious force will be followed by ground support to secure the victory.

2. The Culminatine

3. The Anaconda Plan

battle would be for the forts below New Orleans. As the forts fall the river would be in Federal hands to cut the rebellion in two.

has been somewhat rehabilitated through general history of the Civil War, often credited

by Abe Lincoln.

It was a strategy that General-in-Chief Winfield Scott thought of to blockade the southern ports of the Mississippi River. It was also supposed to cut the south in half.

By Jaycie Sward

The Battle of Antietam Took place on September 17, 1862 The battle was set in Sharpsburg, Maryland near Antietam Creek after General George McClellan and his army pursued General Robert E. Lee and launched attacks against him and his army. Many attacks and counterattacks took place after that until finally the Union broke through the center of the Confederates troops. Moving forward could have potentially ended the war, but McClellan didn’t pursue the advantage and held back. Later Union General Ambrose Burnside entered in the attack, but he was too late because then Confederate General A.P. Hill came with his men from Harper’s Ferry driving back Burnside and ending the battle. Even though the Battle was inconclusive it gave Lincoln the confidence to announce his Emancipation Proclamation, which stopped British and French governments from helping the Confederacy.

What Happened to McClellan: After he didn’t pursue the advantage by using his ample reserve forces to win the battle Lincoln decided to fire him.

Fun Fact:

This battle is known as one of the single bloodiest days of fighting in American History.

More than twice as many men were killed in the Battle of Antietam than in the War of 1812, the Mexican War and the Spanish-American War combined.

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In the afternoon of May 1861, the Arlington estate was crawling with men in blue. They established a village of tents and stoked fires for breakfast. The surrounding hills were also occupied with fortifications, and oak trees were cut down to clear a line of fire for artillery.

Union forces stripped the estate's forest and fled with souvenirs from the mansion. They built cabins and set up a cavalry remount station by the river. The Army also took charge of the newly freed slaves who traveled to Washington after Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation of 1863.

Authorities later declared the property in default, and put it up for auction because Mary Lee was not able to pay tax in person after she fled from the estate.

The only bid came from the federal government, who offered $26,800, well under the estate's original value of $34,100.

According to the certificate of sale, Arlington's new owner intended to reserve the property "for Government use, for war, military, charitable and educational purposes."

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Civil War Generals that graduated from West Point

West Point

West Point Graduated 151 Confederate generals and 294 Union generals. Some

By Sydnie Hiemstra

of the most prominent graduates being Robert E. Lee, Ulysses S. Grant, Thomas J. Jackson and William T. Sherman. Other famous generals from the civil war were; George McClellan, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Stonewallâ&#x20AC;?

Jackson, A.P Hill, George

History of West Point

Stoneman, and George

President Thomas Jefferson signed legislation establishing

Pickett.

the United States Military Academy in 1802. They set up the military academy on the Hudson River in West Point, New York. After gaining experience and national recognition during the Mexican and Indian wars, West

Fun Facts 1

2

Approximately 1,300 cadets enter the Academy each spring with about 1,000 cadets Nearly every general officer of note from either army during the Civil War was a graduate of West Point

Point graduates dominated the highest ranks on both sides during the Civil War. Academy graduates set high standards of military leadership for both the North and South. Two hundred ninety-four graduates served as general officers for the Union, and one hundred fifty-one served as general officers for the Confederacy. West Point graduate commanded the forces of one or both sides in every one of the 60 major battles of the war.

Due to the role West Point graduates had during the Civil War it gained a large amount of fame.

Winners-

Battle of Cold Harbor

May 31 to June 12, 1864

Casualties-

15,500 total Union-13,000 Confederate-2,500

Forces Engaged:

170,000 total Union-108,000 Confederate-62,000

Location:

Hanover County

Principal Commanders:

UnionLt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant Maj. Gen. George G. Meade ConfederateGen. Robert E. Lee

The Battle of Cold Harbor was fought from May 31 to June 12, 1864 (with the most significant fighting occurring on June 3). It was one of the final battles of Union Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's Overland Campaign during the American Civil War, and is remembered as one of American history's bloodiest, most lopsided battles.

Thousands of Union soldiers were killed or wounded in a hopeless frontal assault against the fortified positions of Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's army.

Josh Boness

Robert E. Lee Confederate General

Robert E. Lee was born at Stratford Hall Plantation Westmoreland County, Virginia. His father was Major General Henry Lee III. Henry Lee III was the ninth governor of Virginia. He also was a tobacco planter and suffered severe financial reserves from failed investments. We don’t know much about Lee’s childhood because he barely spoke of it as an adult. Robert and his father didn’t have much of a relationship. His father only mentioned his name once in a letter. Robert E. Lee graduated in the top of his class at West Point. Lee was an exceptional officer and combat engineer in the United States Army for 32 years until resigning to join the Confederacy. He fought in the MexicanAmerican war and worked with Ulysses S. Grant during this war. In 1861, President Abraham Lincoln asked Lee to lead the entire Union Army, but declined because he had ties with Virginia because that’s where he grew up.

Lee started off with leading the Virginian forces for the first part of the Civil War until he was promoted to one of the five generals for the Confederate Army. He commanded the Northern part of Virginia. His first battle, Battle of Cheat Mountain, was lost and was blamed for the Confederate setbacks. He was then sent to organize the coastal defenses in South Carolina and Georgia.

Lee was able to block any advance on Savannah. The city of Savannah wouldn’t fall until the end of 1864 when Sherman’s army approached. He took the offense to Richmond against McClellan’s men in the Seven Days battles then John Pope at the second battle of Bull Run. However, McClellan finally led a Northern invasion at the battle of Antietam, which the North strategically won. Lee led his second invasion at the Battle of Gettysburg where the Confederates took defeat. He missed the services of Jackson at Gettysburg. After Gettysburg, Lee didn’t engage in another major battle until he faced Ulysses S. Grant in May 1864 where Grant moved against Lee. Lee was appointed general in of the whole Confederate Armies in February 1865 when the Confederacy had virtually collapsed. On April 2, 1865 in Petersburg the Confederates were devastated and were forced to retreat. Then Lee joined up with Joseph E. Johnston’s army of Tennessee in North Carolina. However, he was surrounded and had to surrender to Grant on April 9, 1865 at Appomattox Court House, Virginia. The day after he surrendered he issued his Farewell Address to his army. On September 28, 1870 he had a stroke and ended up dying 2 weeks later on October 2 shortly after 9 a.m. from the affects of pneumonia.

Facts Nickname “Marble Man” Born

January 19, 1807 in Stratford, Virginia

Died

October 12, 1870 in Lexington, Virginia

Rank

USA: Colonel Confederacy: Gerneral

Other Work

President of Washington and Lee Washington

N O V E M B E R

1 0 , 2 0 1 1

Ulysses S. Grant By: Mike Sanchez The art of war is simple enough. Find out where your enemy is.

Get at him as soon as you can. Strike him as hard as you can, and keep moving on.

-Ulysses S. Grant

Contributions to the Civil War

Early Life & Family Grant was born was born in Point Pleasant, Ohio on April 27, 1822. His father was an English businessman and his mother was of Scottish ancestry. Ulysses was born as a Methodist although not an official member of the church, Grant prayed in private and opposed religious pretentiousness. At the age of 17 he entered himself into the United States Military Academy.

Grant never wanted to become a soldier but he did graduate from West Point in 1843, ranking 21st in a class of 39.

He was often known as a fearless and expert horseman.

Major Positions of Grant’s Life In Office th

Army General th

March 4 , 1869

March 9 , 1864

Grant served in the Presidental Office as the 18th president through March 4th, 1869 – March 4th 1877

Ulysses served as the Commanding General of the Army under President Abraham Lincoln.

Years of Service Union Army: 1861–1869 United States Army: 1839–1854

As the Civil reached its peak, Grant sought to control the Mississippi Valley.

He was an aggressive general who recognized how to wear the south down. In his memoirs, he showed how he knew the value of supply and cutting off supply to the enemy. May and June of 1863, Ulysses S. Grant’s armies converged on Vicksburg, investing the city and entrapping a Confederate army under John Pemberton. On July 4, Vicksburg surrendered after prolonged siege operations. This was the culmination of one of the most brilliant military campaigns of the war. With the loss of Pemberton’s army and this vital stronghold on the Mississippi, the Confederacy was effectively split in half.

Grant's successes in the West boosted his reputation, leading ultimately to his appointment as General-in-Chief of the Union armies. Early on April 9, the remnants of John Brown Gordon’s corps and Fitzhugh Lee’s cavalry formed line of battle at Appomattox Court House. Robert E. Lee determined to make one last attempt to escape the closing Union pincers and reach his supplies at Lynchburg. At dawn the Confederates advanced, initially gaining ground against Sheridan’s cavalry. The arrival of Union infantry, however, stopped the advance in its tracks. Lee’s army was now surrounded on three sides. Lee surrendered to Grant on

Kacey Horn lorem ipsum

issue #,2011 date November

JOHN WILKES BOOTH Background John Wilkes Booth was born on May 10, 1838 to a prominent theatrical family in Maryland. When he was a boy, he was popular and athletic, and was skilled at horseback riding and fencing. He grew up as an actor, and by the time he was in his mid-20’s, he was very well-known. When he was 16 he became a delegate for the “Know Nothing Party,” an anti-immigrant party.

Civil War Booth strongly opposed abolitionists, and he attended the hanging of John Brown in 1859. He also despised Lincoln when he was elected president. All throughout the Civil War, Booth acted in every part of the United States, including both the North and the South. In 1863, while performing in St. Louis, Booth stated that he “wished the President and the whole damned government would go to hell.” He was arrested, then, for making treasonous remarks against the government. As the 1864 Election got closer, Booth became very angry at the probably that Lincoln would be reelected. Since he had previously promised his mother that he would not enlist in war, he felt like a coward and felt the need to do something for the South.

So he began to devise a plan to kidnap President Lincoln.

Once the Confederates had a hold of him, Lincoln would be exchanged for the release of Confederate Army prisoners confined in Northern prisons, which Booth hoped would bring an end to the war and give the South the recognition they wanted. But, once a few attempts at kidnap had failed, Booth changed his course: he decided to assassinate Lincoln instead. He found out that Lincoln and his wife would be attending a play at Ford’s Theatre on April 14th, 1865. On that evening, at about 10 o’clock P.M., Booth charged into the President’s Box at the theatre and shot Lincoln in the back of the head, marking the first assassination of a President in U.S. history.

By Allie Moeller

Abraham Lincoln

“A house divided against itself cannot stand.” – Abraham Lincoln

[Issue] :: [Title]

During the war Lincoln, despite being little prepared for it by prior military experience, was with out a doubt a war president. For less than 6 weeks during his precedency, the nation was at peace.

He was on the North’s side, and was fully prepared to abolish slavery. Because of this, many say he was the spark to the Civil War. The South became very upset with the fact he wanted to outlaw slavery, and rebelled.

“The government will not assail you.... You have no oath registered in Heaven to destroy the government, while I shall have the most solemn one to preserve, protect and defend it."

Facts about Abraham Lincoln: •

In 1860, Lincoln became the first Republican candidate for U.S. president.

•

After the battle of Antietam in 1862, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which freed the slaves in the states that were still in rebellion on January 1st 1863

•

He was the tallest president standing at 6ft 4in.

•

He was the first president to be assassinated.

•

He was the immediate spark to starting the Civil War

By: Brittany Keane period: 3

FORD’S THEATRE Facts: It’s been used for numerous stage performances since the early 1860’s

The theatre is 2 buildings put together and in the basement is a museum of past event that have occurred biggest one is Lincoln’s assassination

Lincoln’s Assassination John Wilkes Booth shot Lincoln. Happened on Good Friday April 14, 1865 as the Civil War was drawing a close. He was the First American president to get assassinated. He was shot while watching the play Our American Cousins at Ford’s Theatre with his wife Mary Lincoln. He didn’t die till early the next morning. The rest of the plot failed.

One of the most popular playhouses in Washington

Ford’s Theatre is recognized as a major learning center about the Civil War and the event on Lincoln from April 14,1865.

Quotes from Robert E. Lee

Whiskey - I like it, I always did, and that is the reason I never use it.

- Robert E. Lee

Born-February 8, 1820

Died-February 14, 1891

General William Tecumseh Sherman Union General

Life of William Sherman Sherman was born in Lancaster, Ohio in 1820. His father died in 1829, so Sherman was raised by a neighbor, the first Secretary of the Interior. After the war, Sherman remained in the Military and ended up becoming the Commanding General of the US Military. He died in New York City in 1891 and had a military procession with a Confederate General as a pallbearer. He is buried in Saint Louis.

Nov. 15 1864-

Military Career Sherman graduated form West point and his first commissions came as a colonel in the First battle of Bull Run. Some other battles he commanded in were Shiloh, Vicksburg, and Chattanooga. His most famous assignment was his march through Georgia, capturing Atlanta, and marching through to Savannah and the sea.

He practiced total war, as evident by his bending railroad rails into a necktie to diminish steel supply.

“March to the sea”

-Dec. 21, 1864

After he captured Atlanta, Sherman tried to destroy the South’s “Strategic, economical, and psychological capacity for war.” On his route through Georgia and South Carolina, Sherman practiced total war, ransacking everything in his path.

By Rennie Failor

Spies of the Civil War American Civil War Spies Spies during the American Civil War were always in life of death situations. A spyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s job during the Civil war was to collect whatever information they could. They gathered intelligence from letters, documents, and from intercepting messages. Civil War spies were both men and women. If enemy forces discovered a spy they would sentence them to be hung. John Letcher was the man who started a network of spies for the Confederacy. Abraham Lincoln hired a single spy to report to him directly. Later on Grenville M. Dodge would have over one hundred spies in the areas from Mississippi to Georgia. The Union used slaves and smugglers for some of their spy units. Doing this enabled them to act as if they worked in the South without raising suspicion. The Confederacy used mainly white men and women as their intelligence forces.

Without spies in the Civil War, the outcome might have been different because each side would not have the necessary intelligence of the other.

By Sergio Airada

Harriet Tubman Harriet Tubman was one of the key figures in the Underground Railroad, but she was also was a spy for the Union. She was the first woman to lead an armed expedition in the Civil War. Tubman also provided important intelligence that aided capturing Jacksonville, Florida.

SECRET SERVICE Seth DuBray

7/10/11

As President, Bill Clinton deals with many major issues that affect all of us -- crime, drugs, and the environment, just to name a few. However, when our 16th President, Abraham Lincoln (1861-1865), was in office, times were very different. President Lincoln is well known for his leadership during the Civil War and for signing the Emancipation Proclamation, which freed the slaves. However, did you know that he also established the United States Secret Service?

A M E R I C A N

H I S T O R Y

R E S E A R C H

Photography

Mathew Brady Mathew Brady was born in Warren County, New York and was the youngest of three children. Then in 1844 Mathew Brady opened his own photography studio in New York. By 1845 he began to exhibit his portraits of famous Americans and he opened a studio up in Washington, D.C. in 1849. He became popular there in 1850. He made a portrait collection of prominent contemporary figures. Brady asked if he could join the war to take the photos and was granted it in 1861. By letting Mathew Brady bring his camera equipment on the battlefield, it earned his name in history.

He employed Alexander Gardner, James Gardner, Timothy O始Sullivan, William Pywell and nineteen other men to travel with the war and take pictures, because his eyesight was getting bad and couldn始t see very well.

In 1862 he opened an exhibition of photos from the Battle of Antietam. This was the first time people saw the realities of war in photos.

Jared Schleicher

American History Research

November 10, 2011

“In God We Trust” By: Katherine Conrad

Significance to the Civil War In 1861 a letter was sent to the Secretary of Treasury arguing that “the Almighty God” should appear in some form on the American currency.

The phase first appeared on the two-cent coin in 1864.

During the 19th Century a Second Great Awakening swept the U.S and lead to a rise of reformist movements and greater religious sentiment among the public

Civil War Medicine

By Keagan Hill

Medicine from the Civil War was not nearly as advanced as today’s medicines. As a result, it was harder to treat wounds in the bloodiest battle the US has been in.

People were treated not only for war wounds, but also for diseases.

Soldiers were treated with toxic medicines like Calomel, Quinine, and Laudanum. For war wounds, surgeons often amputated with aid of anesthetics.

Calomel was a mercury based medicine that was used to treat diarrhea and dysentery.

Quinine and Laudanum were a pain killer like morphine.

Doctors were not well trained at this time, they attended 3 semesters of 13 weeks of school. Medical schools didn’t provide very much for training, they were just “diploma factories”. Doctors just used the medicines they had available, they didn’t always know if it was the right thing to use.

Ulysses S. Grant

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Although a soldier by profession, I have never felt any sort of fondness for war, and I have never advocated it, except as a means of peace.â&#x20AC;?

1 2 3

Slang of Old

November 16, 2011

By Dawson Johnson

In this article I will explain the slang used in the civil war, how it was important, and how it influenced our vocabulary to day.

The picture to the left is of a type of hard cracker, which became to be known as “hardtack”

Have you ever thought about our slang today and how I was in the past?

In the civil war the soldiers made up there own slang to describe the food, people, and any thing else they encountered during daily life.

They had slang for what they called each other. For the confederates there was “Rebs” or “Johnnies” but if you wanted to insult them they’d say “Secesh”. For the Union they were calles “Yanks” or “Yankees”. They even had words for the men who decided not to fight, which consisted of “skedaddlers”, “tree dodgers”

and “Croakers”.

Some slang still exists today such as “Snug as a bug in a rug” which means to be comfortable, “Goobers” or peanuts, “Jailbird” or criminal, and “Deadbeat” or useless person just to name a few.

There were some strange slang they had also that they called food, people, and anything that they experienced during everyday life. Some of the stranger slang are “Embalmed beef” which they called canned meet. They called

SOME OTHER SOURCES •

http://www.history.com/interactives/civil-war150#/wiki?topic=522

•

Google.com, search Civil War Slang

matches “Lucifers”. “Vittles” was what they called food.

During the civil war they had a very different slang and though some of it lasted through to today. Others have been lost to time or been replaced by new slang.

Christian Rivera

The KU KLUX KLAN The KKK was founded as a social club in 1865 in Tennessee. They used violence and intimidation to restore white supremacy in the South during the Reconstruction era.

Congress in 1871 passed the Ku Klux Klan act, which allowed the president to send troops to combat Klan violence. The Supreme Court then declared it unconstitutional.

The Klan’s first “Grand Wizard” Former Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest

After the Civil War, they would ride on horseback in patrols, mostly at night and terrorize the free African Americans. They were usually forced back on plantations.

Since slavery no longer should’ve existed, the white supremacists carried out their power in different ways of murder, mostly lynching

The KKK fell apart after the Reconstruction era, but came back to power in 1915 and the 1920’s. They were fueled by anti-immigrant sentiment.

N O V E M B E R 9 ,

2 0 1 1

The

By: Olivia Vogel

Persons: Harriet Tubman:

The first step in escaping the plantations was to rely on a â&#x20AC;&#x153;conductorâ&#x20AC;?, posing slave, to come and guide all slaves northward. They traveled 10-20 miles at night to make it to the next station where they would eat while hiding in out-of-theway places like barns. A messenger would be sent to the next station to alert stationmaster. They could also travel on train or boat. Money was raised by various organizations to transform the slaves into something not suspicious.

Began

Workers

Fugitive Slave Act

1787

1850

1850

Believed to begin when Isaac T. Hooper, a Quaker, began to organize system for hiding and aiding slaves

Estimated to have 3,000 people working on the Underground Railroad.

Failed to stop the system because men paid for fines of escape slaves.

Levi Coffin:

Important Dates:

John Fairfield:

Reason for Underground Railroad

"#!$%&'(!)%*+(,! !

!

The Confederate Constitution was made on March 11, 1861 in Montgomery, Alabama.

South Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Texas, and Louisiana adopted it.

It copied a lot of what was said in the U.S. Constitution with a few modifications. But it was closer resembling to the Articles of Confederation. !

The modifications were mainly about protecting slavery and assured protection in all territories acquired by Confederacy.

Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s also strong in its emphasis on stateâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s rights.

Jefferson Davis was named the president of the Confederacy until they held elections.

The Alabama State Capitol was the capitol of the Confederate States of America until May 26, 1861, when the capital was relocated. In August 1861, President Davis moved into the White House of the Confederacy, in Richmond. The house was soon abandoned during an evacuation and moved to Virginia but only lasted 8 days.

Medal of honor

By Angello Warfield

The medal of honor was made to recognize those who made an exceptional effort during a war.

The first formal system for rewarding acts of individual gallantry by American soldiers was established by George Washington on August 7, 1782, when he created the Badge of Military Merit, designed to recognize "any singularly meritorious action." This decoration is America's first combat award and the second oldest American military decoration of any type, after the Fidelity Medallion.

As there were only two medals that could be issued until World War I including the Purple Heart, the Medal of Honor was sometimes awarded for deeds that would not later merit that distinction. In 1917, when other medals were created for bravery, a recall was requested for 910 Medals of Honor that had been previously issued, but no longer considered that noteworthy. Thereafter, and until the Sed day, porttitor imperdiet odio. ut leo. present the Medal has been awarded for deedsSed that were considered exceptional.

The President may award, and present in the name of Congress, a medal of honor of appropriate design, with ribbons and appurtenances, to a person who while a member of the Army, distinguished himself conspicuously by gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty.

The Medal of Honor is one of two military neck order awards issued by the United States and is the sole neck order awarded to members of the armed forces (the Commander's Degree of the Legion of Merit is a neck order but it is only authorized for issue to foreign dignitaries).

[Date]

Above: this is our modern day Medal of honor that the president can award Bottom: This is what those soldiers got back during the civil war.

Summis:

Memorial Day

By Caitlyn Hawley

Songs Played During Memorial Day !

-America the Beautiful -God Bless America -Star Spangled Banner -Star and Stripes Forever -Go Rest High on That Mountain

How is Memorial Day relevant to the Civil War? There are many stories as to its actual beginnings, with over two dozen cities and towns laying claim to being the birthplace of Memorial Day. There is also evidence that organized women's groups in the South were decorating graves before the end of the Civil War: a hymn published in 1867, "Kneel Where Our Loves are Sleeping" by Nella L. Sweet carried the dedication "To The Ladies of the South who are Decorating the Graves of the Confederate Dead". While Waterloo N.Y. was officially declared

-Arlington

the birthplace of Memorial Day by President Lyndon Johnson in May 1966, it's difficult to prove conclusively the origins of the day. It is more

-God Bless the U.S.A.

likely that it had many separate beginnings; each of those towns and every planned or spontaneous gathering of people to honor the war dead in the

-Some Gave All

1860's tapped into the general human need to honor our dead, each contributed honorably to the growing movement that culminated in Gen

-If You’re Reading This

Logan giving his official proclamation in 1868. It is not important who was the very first, what is important is that Memorial Day was established.

-I’m Proud to be an American -Travelin’ Soldier

Memorial Day is not about division. It is about reconciliation; it is about coming together to honor those who gave their all.