The American Revolution
September 2010
Loyalists
Key Figures
Patriots
Those who remained loyal to the King of England during the Revolution.
The important characters of the Revolution, and their contributions.
Colonists who pushed for independence from England.
Table of Contents Page 4-5
Abigail Adams
Page 6-8
John Adams
Page 9
John quincy Adams
Page 10-12
Samuel Adams
Page 13-14
Ethan Allen
Page 15-17
Benedict arnold
Page 18
John askins
Page 19
Crispus Attucks
Page 20
Joseph brant
Page 21
Thomas Brown
Page 22-24
Myles cooper
Page 25
Charles Cornwallis
Page 26-28
Mary Draper
Page 29-30
Benjamin Franklin
Page 31
William Franklin
Page 32
Thomas Gage
Page 33-34
King George iii
Page 35-36
Nathanael Greene
Page 37-38
John Hancock
Page 39-40
Patrick Henry
Page 41
Thomas Hutchinson
Page 42
John howe
Page 43-44
John Jay
Page 45-46
Thomas Jefferson
Page 47-49
John Paul Jones
Page 50-51
Henry knox
Page 52-53
James Madison
Page 54-56
James Monroe
Page 57-59
Thomas Paine
Page 60-61
William prescott
Page 62-63
Paul Revere
Page 64
Benjamin rush
Page 65-66
Joseph Warren
Page 67-69
George Washington
Page 70-71
Phillis Wheatley
Page 71
James Wilson
ABIGAIL ADAMS Quotes
History
“A little of what you call frippery is very necessary towards looking like the rest of the world.” “Wisdom and penetration are the fruit of experience, not the lessons of retirement and leisure. Great necessities call out great virtues.” “Well, knowledge is a fine thing, and mother Eve thought so; but she smarted so severely for hers, that most of her daughters have been afraid of it since.” “Learning is not attained by chance, it must be sought for with ardor and diligence.” Abigail Adams was born on November 11, 1744. At the age of 19 she married John Adams. Almost immediately after she was married, they had their first child. Altogether Abigail and John had six children and only 4 survived.
Abigail became the first lady to live in the White House. After her husband was defeated in the political campaign for president, they retired in Quincy.
“We have too many high sounding words and too few actions that correspond with them.”
Role in the Revolutionary War When the war was going on she provided meals and lodging to soldiers who stopped at the Adams' home at all hours of the day. She sent letters to help him make decisions. She always brought up subjects like slavery and women’s rights. After the war women started getting more rights because of her.
By Serena Kubo
Abigail Adams November 11 1744 – October 28 1818
Before The Revolution
Abigail’s Contributions When her husband went to Philadelphia in 1774 to serve as his colony's delegate to the First Continental Congress, Abigail gave him reactive advice to political questions John had for her. She also did observant reporting of New England newspapers and the citizens’ response to legislation and events of the American Revolution. During the Revolution, Abigail Adams was appointed by the Massachusetts Colony General Court in 1775 to question other women of Massachusetts who were suspected of remaining loyal to the British and working against the independence movement.
Other Interesting Facts. 1776
“Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of husbands. Remember all men would be tyrants if they could.” Abigail wanted women to have equal rights after the Revolution.
1796-1801 During her husband’s presidency she tried to convince him to go to war with France.
On October 25, 1764, 19 year old Abigail Smith was married to John Adams. After the ceremony, they went to a cottage beside the one where John Adams was raised. This became their first home. They lived in many rented homes in Boston before buying a large farm, "Peacefield," in 1787.
John Adams
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Spring 2012
“But a Constitution of Government once changed from Freedom, can never be restored. Liberty, once lost, is lost forever.�
Education John Adams attended Harvard in 1751. He studied law for 6 years in Worcester and Boston.
Continental Congress Served on committee with Thomas Jefferson and helped prepare the Declaration of Independence. In 1779, he drafted the Massachusetts Constitution, which was used as a model for the US Constitution.
The Boston Massacre On March 5th 1770 British soldiers fired into a group of harmful colonial protestors. John Adams believed that the British still deserved a fair trial. He defended Captain Preston in court. He was successful and hated by many colonists for a period of time.
John Adams John Adams was born in 1735 in Braintree, Massachusetts. He became known as the Duke of Braintree. He was the first of his family to attend college. He graduated from Harvard. He taught school for a year but didn't like it. Then he studied law and became a lawyer. John Adams thought everyone should have a fair trial. He even defended the British soldiers, also known as the Redcoats. He was the lawyer who defended the British soldiers who were accused of murdering civilians at the Boston Massacre.
October 30, 1735 – July 4, 1826
The Speech In 1775, the Battle of Lexington and Concord made people angry, so some important colonists had a meeting in Philadelphia to discuss it. The meeting was called the Second Continental Congress. John Adams made speeches for independence from England. The Congress voted for independence which meant they were choosing to go to war with England. John Adams thought they would need help from the South so the Congress voted George Washington from the Southern state of Virginia to be the General of the Continental Army.
“A desire to be observed, considered, esteemed, praised, beloved, and admired by his fellows is one of the earliest as well as the keenest dispositions discovered in the heart of man.” -John Adams
John Adams BY: Jacob Rehder
Other facts
John Adams was the person who elected Washington to the commander for the American troops. John Adams was one of the fifty two people to sign the declaration of independence
About John Adams
• • • • • •
Born in Braintree, Massachusetts First in his family to go to college In 1761 he started to act against British measure He was the second president John was a American lawyer John said many things but one of his strangest ones was let us read, think, speak, and write
Family life
John Adams was married to Abigail Adams. Abigail Adams the first lady the United States and the second lady of the united states. John Adams children were John, Abigail, Susanna, Charles, and Thomas Adams.
Role in the war John Adams was the man responsible for assigning Thomas Jefferson for drafting the declaration of independence. John Adams along with Franklin, jay and Laurens to sign the treaty of peace with Great Britain for independence. John Adams secured the French and secured the success for the revolutionary war.
Katherine Conrad
John Quincy Adams
“If your actions inspire others to
Contribution to the Revolutionary War When John Quincy Adams was 7 years old his mom took him to the top of Penn’s Hill and they watched The Battle of Bunker Hill. At age ten he went with his father to France to negotiate for peace with Great Britain. In 1783 John Quincy Adams served as an additional secretary to the U.S. commissioners in the negotiation of the Treaty of Paris that concluded the American Revolutionary War. He was often described as a Son of the American Revolution.
“Idleness is sweet, and its consequences are cruel.”
“Duty is ours; results are God’s.”
dream more, learn more, do more, and become more, you are a leader.” “Posterity: you will never know how much it has cost my generation to preserve your freedom. I hope you will make good use of it.”
Josh Boness
SAMUEL ADAMS September 27, 1722- October 2, 1803 Born: Boston, Massachusetts
Fun Facts John Adams was his cousin Ironically was an unsuccessful brewer.
Quotes Mankind are governed more by their feelings than by reason.
Samuel Adams attended college at Harvard College. He was an unsuccessful tax collector and businessman. His family was politically active. He was an official
of the Massachusetts House of Representatives and the Boston Town Meeting in the 1760s and was a huge influence in these activities.
The Constitution shall never be construed… to prevent the people of the United States who are peaceable citizens from keeping their own arms.
Contributions to the Revolution Samuel Adams contributed to the Revolution politically rather than by fighting. He was one of the colonists who was trying to steer his fellow colonists towards independence. He was apart of the Continental Congress. He was one of the guys who helped guide Congress towards the Declaration of Independence. Samuel Adams also signed the
Declaration of Independence. Samuel Adams helped plan the Boston Tea Party. He also started a protest towards the Stamp Act. He told the mob what to do. The British thought that Samuel Adams was a big troublemaker and they were right. They called him “the most dangerous man in Massachusetts.”
Samuel Adams 9/21/11
Samuel Adams was born in 1722. He was a cousin of John Adams. Sam and Patrick Henry were the first two people to argue for independence. He wrote letters about it to newspapers and leaders around the country. He convinced young men that independence would be good for America. Paul Revere, John Adams, and John Hancock agreed with Sam’s idea. Sam started a protest when the Stamp act started. Another thing that why the Revolution was started was because of the Boston Tea Party that Sam also helped plan. Samuel Adams signed the declaration of Independence. Sam convinced many young men thought it would be good for America. Sam started the protest over the stamp act. He Said “if our trade be tax , why not our land, or produce . . . in short , everything we possess? Sam also helped plan the Boston tea party and was tone of the main people that helped out during it. The British thought Samuel was the biggest trouble maker and they were right and f they cought up with him he would die. Sam die in 1803.
Nick Smith Per.7
Quotes “If our trade be taxed, why not our land, or produce . . . in short, everything we possess? They tax us without having legal representation.”
“Among the natural rights of the colonists are these: First a right to life, secondly to liberty, and thirdly to property; together with the right to defend them in the best manner they can.” -Samuel Adams
Andri Halouska
Samuel Adams Samuel Adams was born in Quincy, Massachusetts, in 1722. He was interested in politics, which led to the beginning of his political career as Clerk of the Market, then Scavenger, and ultimately Tax Collector. He was not a successful tax collector because he didn’t have the heart to force people to pay and political enemies accused him of stealing the tax money. In 1763, British government announced that America’s trade would be taxed, the Sugar Act. Adams gained fame by stating, "If our trade may be taxed, why not our lands? Why not the produce of our lands, and every thing we possess, or use? This we conceive annihilates our charter rights to govern and tax ourselves. Adams struggled with a succession of British royal governors, which later led to opposition of the Stamp Act, Declaratory Act, and Townshend Acts. Samuel Adams was named “Father of the American Revolution.” To support his opinions he would write public editorials under more than a hundred different names. He was also a founder, of the Sons of Liberty, a secret organization designed to foster the cause of independence. The Sons of Liberty participated in the Boston Tea Party. Samuel Adams also signed the Constitution. (continued)
Joshua Raum
09/19/11
ETHAN ALLEN “In those parts of the world where learning and science has prevailed, miracles have ceased; but in those parts of it as are barbarous and ignorant, miracles are still in vogue.” – Ethan Allen
Ethan Allen’s reasoning in helping with the capture of Ticonderoga isn’t still fully known. Some say it was to help is political career, but it may have just been him wanting freedom for his country. Ethan was a high
ranked military man back in the day. He led his groups around attacking British troops on occasion just to lower their morale and show them basically, they didn’t like the British.
9/14/11 Background info Ethan Allen was a farmer, businessman, land speculator, philosopher, writer, and revolutionary patriot. What he was most famous for was his capture of the Ticonderoga fort during the beginning of the Revolutionary War in 1775. He then moved on to trying to take Montreal. Backfiring, the battle was lost and he was taken prisoner for the next three years, under malicious and severe watch and treatment. Ethan was then released a free man. After failure after failure, Ethan stepped down from his position, lost his army, and was later imprisoned again. Though in his return was treated as a veteran hero for the time he spent during his days of capture.
Life in imprisonment Colonel Ethan Allan was captured in an attack upon Montreal, September 25, 1775. He was sent as prisoner to Great Britain, ostensibly for trial, but in a few months was sent back to America, and confined in prison ships and jails at Halifax and New York till May 3, 1778, when he was exchanged. During most of his captivity he was treated as a felon and kept heavily ironed, but during 1777 was allowed restricted liberty on parole. After his exchange he again offered his services to the patriot army, but because of trouble in Vermont was put in command of the militia in that State. The British authorities were at that time making especial efforts to secure the allegiance of the Vermonters, and it was owing to Allen's skillful negotiations that the question was kept open until the theater of war was changed, thus keeping the colony on the American side, but avoiding the attacks from the British that would certainly have followed an open avowal of their political preferences.
Sergio Airada
Sept. 15, 2011
ETHAN ALLEN American Revolutionary 1738-1789
Quotes A quote from George Washington "[Allen's] fortitude and firmness seem to have placed him out of the reach of misfortune. There is an original something in him that commands admiration; and his long captivity and sufferings have only served to increase, if possible, 2 his enthusiastic zeal."
Ira Allen, describing his brother "The real facts were that for a few days he could out travel me, in the wilderness...He was a man of firm constitution, larger and stronger than myself."
Ethan Allen was born in a rural area of Connecticut. Although he was brought up in rural surroundings, Allen was still able to get a good education. Early in the Revolutionary War Allen received a message from a militia of Connecticut telling him of a plan to capture Fort Ticonderoga, which he accepted. Allen, the Green Mountain Boys, and other Connecticut militia march over and seize Fort Ticonderoga. Ethan Allen and his men were not ordinary soldiers, they hunted game all their life and were very skillful sharpshooters. They fought in a style called guerilla warfare. This type of fighting
had them attack for brief periods of time and flee the scene quickly. Allen and the Green Mountain Boys caused many problems for the British because of this. Later in the war Allen would lose command of the Green Mountain Boys and be captured by British forces.
Benedict Arnold “If your great umbrage would care to meet my high dudgeon at 12 paces, I would be happy to entertain you at dawn.” 9/19/11
Events 31 Dec 1775
21 Sept 1780
Montgomery joins Benedict Arnold and attacks the city of Quebec. Montgomery was killed in the failed attempt to capture it. American General Benedict Arnold meets with British Major John Andre to discuss handing over West Point to the British in return for a large sum of money and a high position in the British army. The plot was foiled and Arnold was labeled a traitor.
Bio Born in Connecticut on January 3, 1740, Benedict Arnold was a general during the American Revolutionary War. He began the war in the Continental Army but later defected to the British Army. His promotion was passed over by the Continental Congress, and other officers took credit for many of his accomplishments. He led raids in Virginia, and against New London and Groton, before ending the war with the victory at Yorktown. After defecting, Arnold was commissioned by the British Army as a brigadier general, received an annual pension of 360 Euros and an initial sum of 6000 Euros. He led raids in Virginia, and against New London and Groton, before ending the war with the victory at Yorktown. Because of his acts of treason, his name became a byword for betrayal. He died in London on June 14th, 1801.
“Great numbers of Canadians… are determined to join us whenever we appear in the Country with any force to support them.”
Benedict Arnold
[Date]
Background Famous Quotes "Neglected by Congress below,
distressed with the small-pox; want of Generals and discipline in our Army, which may rather be called a great rabble, our credit and reputation lost, and great part of the country; and a powerful foreign enemy advancing upon us, are so many difficulties we cannot surmount them.
Benedict was born in 1741 in Norwich, Connecticut. He was born the 2nd child into a family of 6 kids. He was named after his grandfather Benedict Arnold who was the governor of the Colony of Rhode Island. In 1762, he began a pharmacist and a bookseller in New
Role in the Revolutionary War Benedict started out as the general of Connecticut’s militia in 1775. He first proposed a plan to take over Fort Ticonderoga, and with the help of Ethan Allen, he accomplished that. George Washington then assigned him to defend Rhode Island after the British invasion of Newport. Then, in 1977, he learned that he had been passed up by Congress for a promotion that George Washington had received. In 1778, it was clear that Arnold was unhappy in his current situation. So he began secretly giving the British information greatly helping their army. Eventually, Arnold switched sides and began helping the British, earning the nickname ‘traitor’ which he is still referred to as. He died on June 14, 1801.
By: Bridgett Wilson
BENEDICT ARNOLD Born January 14, 1741 in Norwich, Connecticut Died June 19,1775 in London, England
Facts About Benedict Arnold Arnold was a captain in the Governor’s Second Company of Guards. During the battles at Lexington and Concord, he asked the Massachusetts Committee for permission to take over Ft. Ticonderoga. After he didn’t get permission, Ethan Allen and his Green Mountain Boys took over the fort without permission.
Benedict Arnold, otherwise known as the Traitor of the Revolution, was born into a poor family. His family could not pay for his education, which lead to him being withdrawn from school. As a child, Arnold got into a lot of trouble because he had no proper education and his parents were very lax. His cousins took him in as an apprentice working as an apothecary. Later on, he becomes an apothecary, with his sister as an assistant. Unfortunately, this led him to smuggling, against the laws of the Crown.
Arnold was accused by some of his old army nemeses in the winter of 1776. He was also accused many times after that. On May 30, 1778, Arnold signed the Oath of Allegiance to his country. In May of 1779, he began bargaining with the British.
Arnold fought in the French and Indian war as a very respected general. Famous quotes from Arnold: (Facing the militia) “All of Britain could not slay me. Can you lads?” “My name shall be carved in stone alongside the great traitors: Lucifer, Judas, and Arnold.”
Benedict Arnold was a very respected person in the colonies during the Revolution before he became a traitor. Arnold was known as a hero at the battles in Saratoga, New York, and Quebec. He was caught aiding the British army in 1780, which is when he became one of the most famous traitors of the Revolution.
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EVERETT GERTH’S REPORT
By Everett Gerth
CRISPYATTUCKS Crispus Attucks
Boston Massacre
Man? Or Legend?
Quisque:
Overview
Crispus Attucks was born in 1723. Very little is known of this man, which makes this report extremely difficult to research and write. But that’s irrelevant. Crispus was a slave. And he did not like that. So he ran away. His
master was upset and offered a 10 pound reward for his capture and return. He was never found and became a sailor and a laborer. Then when the opportunity came, he joined the military. Unaware of what to come.
‘Twas a cold night. The british were standing guard in Boston, minding there own business, when some colonists came up and harassed them. After more joined in, the soldiers felt threatened and open fired on the colonists. Crispus Attucks was the first to die.
“Damn, I got shot*”
Quote about the late, great Crispus Attucks I am very glad to stand here in an hour when we come together to do honor to one of the first martyrs in our Revolution. I think we sometimes tell the story of what he did with too little appreciation of how much it takes to make the first move in the cold streets of a revolutionary epoch. – Wendell Phillips * Not actual quote of Crispus Attucks
Joseph Brant
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Mohawk Leader of the American Revolution
Background Joseph Brant (also known as Thayendanegea) was born in 1743, near present-day Ohio. His father died when he was around 10, and his mother moved them to the New York region. Around the age of 15, Brant started fighting in wars, mostly French and Indian Wars. In 1761, he was sent to Moor’s Indian Charity School, where he learned to read, speak, and write English.
The Revolutionary War In addition to speaking English, he also spoke several Native American languages. In 1766, he worked as an interpreter for the British Indian Department. Since he had this tie with Britain, he convinced the King to give the Mohawks back land in Quebec, in return for the Mohawks being allies to Britain against the colonists. His tribe helped William Howe’s troops in their attempt to take over New York. In 1775, he gathered Loyalists together and this group of Mohawks and Loyalists was known as “Brant’s Followers.”
Quote “Indeed it is very hard, when we have let the King's subjects have so much of our lands for so little value.” – The British had taken much of the Mohawks land, and one of the conditions of the tribe being an ally for Britain was that they would gain their land back.
9/20/11
Mitch Pancost
Revolution
Thomas ‘Burnfoot’ Brown Thomas ‘Burnfoot’ Brown was born in England but soon after took a ship to move to the new land. He was taken prisoner by the Sons of Liberty in 1775. He was tortured and burned, that’s where he got his nickname. This mistreatment from the Sons of Liberty enraged Brown
to start his own gathering of loyalists from the backcountry of Georgia. He then recruited the Creek and Cherokee Indians to help the loyalists in the war. Thomas then joined with a group called the King’s Rangers and fought for England. But all his efforts failed because lack of discipline and his allies were not loyal.
After the Siege of Savannah, a fight Brown led and won this was said about the carnage of the fight. "The appearance of the town afforded a melancholy prospect, for there was hardely a house that had not been shot through.” This quote is saying that it was a bloody battle that Brown and his men had won.
Myles Cooper Born in 1735
Died- May 1st 1785
President of Columbia University (1763- 1775) His Role In The Revolution: He was a loyalist and the president of Kings College (Columbia University). For his Loyalism, Cooper, was issued death threats telling them "to flee for your lives, or anticipate your doom". In May 1775 Cooper was confronted by an angry mob from which he managed to escape by boarding a British naval ship anchored in New York harbor. His only association with America was his claim that he was owed pay for his tenure as college president, as well as a poem he composed about his flight. By: Cole Lloyd
Myles Cooper (1735May 1, 1785) "Under his tuition was produced a number of young men superior in learning and ability to any that America had ever before seen," –George Washington
Myles Cooper was born in the Northern England Cumberland County in 1735. After years of basic school, he attended Queens College, Oxford, where he earned his A.B. and M.A. degrees. He became chaplain of Queens College in 1761, which later lead him to the opportunity of being the second president of King’s College in the Province of New York. When he became president of King’s College he was intent on making some changes. He made changes to the curriculum and also started a medical unit, which was offered in 1767. He was also involved in politics. He was an active Loyalist and defended the King by people they referred to as “Republicans and free thinkers”. This duty led him to being singled out for retaliatory action. In 1775, he was driven away from his home by a mob and was compelled to find Crown protection on the HMS Kingfisher in the New York Harbor. He sailed for England ten days later where he was given two jobs to support himself. The only other time he made contact with King’s College was to petition the governors for his salary between the time of his departure and the closing of the school a year later. Myles Cooper, who never married, died in 1787 in Edinburgh, England.
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General Cornwallis LORD CHARLES CORNWALLIS Lord Charles Cornwallis was a General for the British army that fought against America in the American revolutionary war. When Gen. Cornwallis came to America two years after the war started he was appointed the rank of major general but four years later he was in charge of the entire British campaign in the south. He was eventually forced to surrender. He surrendered at Yorktown in 1781to gen. Washington and his continental army.
“We may destroy all the men in America, and we shall still have all we can do to defeat the women.” -British General Lord Cornwallis
Early life Charles Cornwallis was born in Grosvenor Square in London England. He was the eldest of all the sons in his family. His father’s name was Charles Cornwallis and his mothers name was Elizabeth Townshend.
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MARY DRAPER "He is wanted and must go. You and I, Kate, have also service to do. Food must be prepared for the hungry; for before to-morrow night, hundreds, I hope thousands, will be on their way to join the continental forces. Some who have travelled far will need refreshment, and you and I, with Molly, must feed as many as we can."
September 21,2011 Facts about Mary
Mary Draper was born in the year 1719 and passed in the year 1810.
2
Mrs. Draper to this day is still admired from those who know her.
2
Mrs. Draper was rich in a large stock of pewter.
Mary Draper provided food, supplies , and shelter for the soldiers who were passing through the area farm. She took any chance she could to provide for the troops. Mrs. Draper had felt the deepest sympathy for the hardships encountered by the raised troops. She told her husband to lose no time in hastening to the scene of action. All of the troops were in excitement and all of them were in such haste to help our army out.
She was not satisfied with giving what was required when she could of gave more than needed.
4
Mary Draper Haley Alvarado â&#x20AC;&#x153;Mrs. Draper is still remembered with admiration by those who knew her.â&#x20AC;?
Mary Draper (1719-1810) Mary Draper is known for the help she gave members of the continental army during the American Revolution. Mrs. Draper was an admired woman by the people who knew her. She was the wife of Captain Draper, of Dedham Massachusetts and lived on a farm. Mary felt deepest sympathy for the hardships encountered by the new troops. Her and her husband had a daughter and a son. Mrs. Draper did much for people and was never quite satisfied with just giving the material required when she could possibly do a little more. Mrs. Draper was one of the most active in efforts to meet the needs of the soldiers and people. She was very willing to help and did wonders. She provided a hundred weary, hungry soldiers with refreshment. The soldiers received
Benjamin Franklin “Without freedom of thought, there can be no such thing as wisdom; and no such things as public liberty, without freedom of speech.”
Background Information 1706
Ben Franklin is born in Boston Massachusetts Franklins father was a puritan, so he had strong feeling against Britain since he was young
Before the Revolution
Franklin was a printer and publisher and printed his “ Poor Richards Almanac” Franklin spent 12 years away form the colonies and when he got back he jumped right in and started working with the first continental congress
Franklins Role in the Revolution Of all the representative sent abroad by the congress of the 13 states in the early part of the Revolutionary War to secure aid of various kinds from certain friendly nations no one has equaled Benjamin Franklin in ability, tact, common sense, diplomacy, and reputation. He began as a printer, became a publisher and printed the famous “Poor Richard’s Almanac.” Franklin also helped the colonists; first he helped stop the Stamp Act by telling the British that Americans would never pay the taxes. Later, he joined the Continental Congress to decide what to do about the war with England. In 1776 he helped write the Declaration on Independence. In May of 1754 Franklin wrote in his newspaper, The Pennsylvania Gazette, that the colonies should send rattlesnakes to this cartoon snake was eventually used as a symbol of American unity and American independence. During the Revolution Franklin convinced the French to help the Americans. He did this by telling the French if the red coats won the war they would be too powerful, the French sent supplies to the colonies through Franklin and his spies. Benjamin Franklin helped write the Constitution of the United States, and also signed four of the most important documents in our country’s history. Which were the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, the Treaty of Alliance with France, and the Treaty of Paris, 1783.
“Early to bed, and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise” By: Ashtyn Shrewsbury
Lorem Ipsum Dolor
Spring 2012
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN “Anger is never without reason, but seldom a good one” Benjamin Franklin, a man of many words a lot of people said. Politics became a big part of Franklin’s life in the 1750’s. In the year 1757 he sailed to England and was a representative of Georgia, New Jersey, and Massachusetts. When the colonists started to oppose the Stamp act he testified against Parliament to repeal the act. This made Benjamin Franklin wonder if the colonies should start towards independence. Franklin sailed to the colonies after his time in England, and started
working towards this idea. He was elected second in Continental Congress, along with helping the fifth draft of the Declaration of Independence. He signed the Declaration and sailed to France in 1776. In 1778 Franklin influenced the government of France to sign a treaty of alliance with the Americans. He also secured loans toward the war and persuaded that it was the right choice. In 1783 Benjamin signed the Treaty of Paris after the Americans had won the Revolution. –tyler g.
( 1 7 3 1 - 1 8 1 3 )
William Franklin
Franklinâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Role
After the war, many Loyalists left America. Most of them headed to Canada or Britain just after the war. American history branded them as traitors. William tried several times to reconnect with his father through letters two years after he left with the Loyalists. Benjamin Franklin, his dad, gave him some land in Canada in his will. William Franklin died in 1813, and was buried in St. Pancras Old Church churchyard.
William Franklin was born in Philadelphia in 1730. He was a colonial administrator and was an American soldier. He also was the Governor of New Jersey. Franklin was a Loyalist during the Revolutionary War and his father, Benjamin Franklin, was a Patriot during this time. That made their relationship clash. They had a close relationship until this war began. He had to choose between the country and his family. In 1782, he took off with the other Loyalists and went into war with Britain. He saw his father for the last time in 1785 for a very short period of time when Benjamin stopped through Britain before he returned to America. They were in a meeting for legal issues.
"Nothing has ever hurt me so much, or affected me with such keen sensations as to find myself deserted in my old age by my only son..." -Benjamin Franklin talking about his son
Carly Wodke
Kyler Kaping
9/21/11
THOMAS GAGE Commander-in-chief
Timeline
Military governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay
French and Indian War Entered into the military service where he fought in the French and Indian War He was named military governor after the fall of Montreal in 1760
1763-1775 Served as commander-in-chief of the British forces in North America.
Thomas Gage was always a military man. In 1743, Gage was promoted to captain and joined the Earl of Albemarle’s staff, where he saw action in many different battles. After proving himself as a leader, in 1751, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel. He was sent to America four years later to take part in the French and Indian War.
In 1763 Gage returned to New York as commander-inchief. Thomas had to send out troops in the coastal cities including New York in response to the uprising against the Stamp Act. In 1770 Thomas Gage returned to England. He missed the Boston Tea Party and the rebellion against the Intolerable act. In his return to the Americas, Gage was appointed governor of Massachusetts. His first plan to stop the colonist was to seize their supplies of munitions.
Oversees the British responses to the Colonist Rebellion Attempts to capture colonist and their weapons starts the Battle of Lexington and Concord “I wish this cursed place was burned”
In his return to the Americas, Gage was appointed governor of Massachusetts. His first plan to stop the colonist was to seize their supplies of munitions. He ordered 700 men to march to Lexington and Concord, but was ambushed by the colonist all the way back to Boston. After the Battle of Bunker Hill, where Gage lost over 1000 men he was recalled to England and Howe was given command of British forces in America.
+
King George the III “ The king who lost America” King George III was the ruler of Great
taxes so high on the tea that the colonists
Britten during the revolution. He was a true
rebelled forcing a boycott on New England
hero in Great Britain. They would hang
tea. After the Boston Tea party the king
pictures of him in their homes and have tea
wrote, “ They will be lions while we are
parties in his honor. To the people in the
lambs: but if we take the resolute part, they
colonies he was not a hero, but an evil
will undoubtedly prove very meek.” King
tyrant. Colonists would call him Tory and
Gorge led the parliament to pass four drastic
would throw rocks at pictures of him.
measures against the people of
George had a minor role in the revolution.
Massachusetts after the Boston tea party. The
King Gorge opposed repealing the Stamp
people had enough of King George’s taxes
Act put his power wasn’t great enough to
and tariffs and thus, starting the
prevent it. When the English merchants
Revolutionary War began. King George tried
were against the Townshend duties,
to keep Britain fighting the revolutionary war
because of the loss of trade, it was the king
because he didn’t want to lose such a huge
who retained the duty on tea and kept it
peace of land.
alive until the war. King George raised
By: Shelby Ackerman
David Strang
September 20, 2011
King George III “A traitor is everyone who does not agree with me.”
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-Timeline1760
-Became King of England
1764
-Sugar Act -Currency Act
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1768 -Townshend
-Stamp Act
1766 -Stamp Act Repealed
Revenue Acts
1773 -Tea Act -Boston Tea Party
1782 -Brittan Surrenders
Revolutionary War
Nathanael Greene July 27, 1742 – June 19, 1786
By Jaycie Sward
Famous Quote: “We fight, get beat, rise, and fight again.” – Nathanael Greene What fellow patriots thought of him: “..in the very name of Greene are remembered all the virtues and talents which illustrate the patriot, the statesman, and the military leader…” – Marquis de Lafayette
Contributions: He was one of the greatest generals of the revolutionary war. Greene and Washington were the only two men who served all eight years of the war at the rank of general. He had great battle strategies and leadership. His assignments to the Quartermaster General of the American Forces and the Command of the Southern Campaign were decisive in the victorious outcome of the Revolution.
Background Info Nathanael Greene was a major general for the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War. When the war began he was put in the lowest rank possible, militia private, and by the end he had a reputation as George Washington’s most gifted and dependable soldier. For that reason many places in the U.S. are named after him. He was also known for studying many expensive volumes on military tactics to teach himself about war.
Nathanael Greene By Bailey Smith
Background
Quotes "The Honorable Continental Congress have been pleased to appoint Major-General Greene, Quartermaster-General in the army of the United States — reserving his rank of Major-General in the same." –Washington “We fight, get beat, rise, and fight again.” –Greene
Role In The Revolution Greene was a general in the Continental Army in the Revolutionary War. When the war first started he was of lowest rank and by the time the war was over he had a higher rank. He was known as Washington’s most gifted and dependable officer. He led his troops to the outskirts of Boston.
Nathanael Greene was one of the most trusted generals in the Revolutionary War. He was a friend of Washington and comrade-in-arms. The Greene family was one of the first settlers in Rhode Island. The family also helped established the colony. His education was limited. Greene was in to reading books and that’s how he learned things. Friends and neighbors believed Greene was very dependable. He was elected to the General Assembly of Rhode Island in 1770. Green became a member of a company known as the Kentish Guards. When news was spread of Lexington and Concord, Greene was one of the four men who hurried to Boston to offer his services. Nathanael was made commander with the rank of Major General. Earlier in his life he studies military science and that helped him to meet many problems during the Revolution. In June 1775 he had his troops in position around Boston. He was ready to serve his country under Washington. In December 1777 he finally appointed Greene Quartermaster-General.
American History Research
By Caitlyn Hawley
John Hancock “Maybe we need to fall on the common-sense side of protecting these species, but continue harvesting wood products we all use and enjoy. We've got to be able to do both -- protect water quality and species, as well as harvest trees.”-John Hancock
Signature -------->
Background
John Hancock was born in Quincy, Massachusetts in 1737. Both his father and grandfather were clergymen. His parents died while he was young and he was adopted and raised by his paternal uncle, Thomas Hancock, the most successful and enterprising merchant in New England. Thomas Hancock founded a professorship at Harvard College, now Harvard University. John attended Harvard and graduated in 1754. He joined his uncle’s business directly after college 1760-1764. Then he moved back to America in 1764 and shortly after that, his uncle died. In 1768 Hancock's life took a plummet. British officers seized one of his ships arriving from England as being loaded differing to income laws and it was placed under guard of the British ship Romney in Boston harbor. The citizens, who depended on imports for their supplies, rioted and assaulted the income officers forcing them to retreat to the Romney for safety. He was not involved in this but his name was rallied. The British attempted to arrest Hancock many times before the Declaration of Independence was signed. If he had not signed the Declaration of Independence on or after July 4th, 1776, he would have gotten arrested and hanged.
FUN FACTS! A life insurance company and six United States Navy ships have been named for John Hancock. When people want a “signature”, they ask for “your John Hancock”.
JOHN HANCOCK “John Hancock was the President of the Second Continental Congress and the first delegate to sign the Declaration of Independence,. He did so in such a way that in America his name has become a synonym for the word 'signature'.”
John Hancock was one of the many to help play a huge role in the revolutionary war. He was born on January 23rd, 1737 in the small Massachusetts town of Braintree the son of a clergy man of Puritan background. John was sent to live with his uncle, Thomas Hancock who was a wealthy Boston merchant that lived in lexington. He became interested in the local government and was elected a Selectman of Boston. In 1772 John accepted an appointment by Massachusett Royal governor Thomas Hutchinson as Colonel in Charge of Bostons the Company of Cadets. This military unit acted as the Governor honor guard. This was John's first exposure to the military and he quickly learned the British Army's way of thinking. In 1774 Hancock was elected President of the Massachusetts's Provincial Congress and he was the head of the unofficial government. On July 4th, 1776, Hancock and Continental Congress secretary Charles Thomson were the only two to sign the original version of the Declaration of Independence. He was also big into the Townshend act. He thought that this would out with the smuggling that was going on at the time. He was also know as “initiating” the revolutionary war due to wouldn’t alow fellow colonists to go below the deck of a ship. They fought it off and they found that he didn’t break any laws so people were mad at him for it. Then for his final years with his wife at his side, he died in bed on October 8, 1793, at 56 years of age. Due to acting governor Samuel Adams, the day of Hancock's burial was a state holiday; the funeral was the grandest given to an American up to that time. [
September 21, 2011
“Give Me Liberty Or Give Me Death!”
Patrick Henry
Christian Rivera
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“I AM NOT A VIRGINIAN, BUT AN AMERICAN!”
Contributions in the Revolution *He went to protest the Stamp Act at the Virginia House of Burgesses, where he first proposed his Virginia Stamp Act Resolutions. *In 1774, he represented Virginia in the First Continental Congress. *Patrick Henry led a militia to defend Virginia's gunpowder store from the British. *In 1776, he was elected governor of Virginia. He served 4 terms total. *After signing the Constitution he tried to put in the 10 amendments.
Background Information *Patrick Henry was born on May 29th, 1776 in Hanover County, Virginia. *His dad taught him how to read in Latin. *He was married at age 18 to Sarah Shelton *He became a lawyer, and in 1760 he set up his own private practice. *Patrick Henry died on June 6th, 1799 at the age of 62.
~ Patrick Henry ~ Wednesday, September 21, 2011
Lesley Rivers
Involvement in the Stamp Act Before the Revolutionary War, there was the Stamp Act, something that many colonists considered a vile intrusion on their lives and something that aided in starting the Revolutionary War. Patrick Henry was a major player in the protest of the Stamp Act; after only nine days of being sworn into the House of Burgesses, the main legislative council of the Virginia colony, Henry proposed the Virginia Stamp Act Resolutions. This was the biggest political stand against the British at that point in time, to the point where a man stood and began yelling, “Traitor! Traitor!” Henry gave a half-hearted apology, reassuring that he was on the side of the King, but he already made it plenty clear where his loyalties would lie if things with the British turned even more violent.
The War for Revolution In March 1773, Henry, along with Thomas Jefferson and Richard Henry Lee, lead the Virginia House of Burgesses to form a standing committee of correspondence. After the committees formed the First Continental Congress in 1774, to which Henry was elected, he took another famous stand against the British. When the House was unsure of whether to use military force against the approaching British, Henry favored mobilization. He gave his famous “Give me Liberty or give me Death!” speech in the House of Burgesses on March 23, 1775. Being talented in speaking and very charismatic, the gathering fully supported Henry, jumping up and yelling, “To arms! To arms!”
In August of 1775, during the very early stages of the Revolutionary War, Henry became colonel of the First Virginia Regiment and marched his militia against Royal Governor Lord Dunmore during the Gunpowder Incident. It ended without conflict, and the gunpowder was not taken from Williamsburg, ending royal control of the Virginia colony. Later in the war, Henry served as first postcolonial Governor of Virginia and directed several expeditions against the Cherokees, who were British allies.
“It is in vain, sir, to extenuate the matter. Gentlemen may cry, Peace, Peace-- but there is no peace. The war is actually begun! The next gale that sweeps from the north will bring to our ears the clash of resounding arms! Our brethren are already in the field! Why stand we here idle? What is it that gentlemen wish? What would they have? Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!” - Patrick Henry, House of Burgesses. March 23, 1775
1711-1780
Boston Descendant of Anne Hutchinson
9-14-11
Thomas Hutchinson Thomas Hutchinson
Role in Revolutionary War and its significance
Riot Where? And When? The riot happened at Thomas’s house in 1765 by an angry mob Why? The angry mob burned and looted the house because they thought Thomas was a supporter of the stamp act
He opposed the separation that was happening between Boston and England. But didn’t act strongly against it until an angry mob attacked his house (see side bar). After that incident he began writing letters to the king advising him to send soldiers to settle down the colonies. This had an adverse reaction and fired the colonies up and made them uneasy. This cause the Boston massacre which the continental congress used to there advantage to win supporters. Also he was a part of the reason the Boston tea party happened. He had insisted that the tea be brought into harbor despite all warnings from officers. This decision cost him his governor position and was replaced by Thomas Gage. Quote by Thomas Hutchinson “I doubt whether it is possible to project a system of government in which a colony 3000 miles distant from the parent state shall enjoy all the liberty of the parent state. I am certain I have never yet seen the projection.”
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:*#0%7!â&#x20AC;&#x153;Character is power; it makes friends, draws patronage and support and opens the way to wealth, honor and happiness.V!!!!!!!- John Howe!
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John Jay 1745-1829 The only way to be loved is to be and to appear lovely; to possess and display kindness, benevolence, and tenderness; to be free from selfishness and to be alive to the welfare of others. -John Jay [Date] John Jay lived a long and eventful life. He lived from 1745 until 1829. Serving the new republic he was the Secretary for Foreign Affairs under the Articles of Confederation, as a contributor to the Federalist, he was the first Chief Justice of the United States, the negotiator of the 1794 "Jay Treaty" with Great Britain, and a two-term Governor of New York State. In his personal life, Jay embraced a wide range of social and cultural concerns. He was educated in his early years by private tutors; John Jay entered the newly founded King's College in the late summer of 1760, which is now Columbia University. There, he underwent the conventional classical education; he graduated in 1764, when he became a law clerk in the office of Benjamin Kissam. On admission to the bar in 1768 Jay established a legal practice with Robert R. Livingston, Jr., scion of the "Lower Manor" branch of the Livingston family, before operating his own law office from 1771. Among other tasks during these years, He served as clerk of the New York-New Jersey Boundary Commission. In the spring of 1774, his life took two momentous turns. Also in 1774 he became a delegate in the continental congress. In that congress even though he was the youngest member he took a conspicuous part including being the author of the address to the people of Great Britain. His facile pen was often employed in framing the documents in congress in 1775.In April 1774 he married Sarah Livingston (1756-1802), the daughter of New Jersey Governor William Livingston, thus gaining important connections to a politically powerful Colonial family. In June of 1784 after retuning form Spain got surprised that during his absence he was elected the Secretary of Foreign Affairs. In April of 1794 Washington selected John Jay to negotiate a treaty with Great Britain aimed at resolving outstanding issues between the two nations. The resulting "Treaty of Amity, Commerce and Navigation," commonly referred to as the "Jay Treaty," was extremely controversial. Critics charged that it failed to address British impressments of American sailors or provide compensation for those slaves that the British had taken with them during the Revolutionary war. The Treaty's unpopularity played a significant role in the development of an organized opposition to the Federalists. During 1795, Jay discovered that, in his absence, he had been elected the new Governor of New York, a position that he had sought three years earlier only to be frustrated, in controversial circumstances, by the incumbent, George Clinton. John Jay retired from his public life in 1801, and died May 17th, 1829 at the age of 83. â&#x20AC;&#x201C;April Garett
Summis:
JOHN JAY First Supreme Court Justice
John Jay Quotes
December 12, 1745 – May 17, 1829
-“No power on earth has a right to take our property from us without our consent.” -“Those who own the country ought to govern it.”
John Jay was born on December 12, 1745 in New York City, New York. He was born into a rich family of merchants, so he had the opportunity to get a good education. He
studied under private tutors until 8, he was then sent to study under Pastor Pierre Stoupe. He was admitted to the bar of New York, shortly after he created his own law office.
-“The jury has a right to judge both the law as well as the fact in controversy.”
During American Revolution Jay was elected as a delegate to the First and Second Continental Congress, to debate if the colonies should split from Britain. At first, Jay wasn’t exactly sure about breaking away from Britain, but as the Declaration of Independence was wrote, he became sure that he wanted to be Independent too. After the Continental Congress
was over, he went back to New York and was put on the 3rd New York Provincial Congress. He then drafted the Constitution of New York. He was on the committee to detect and defeat conspiracies. On May 8, 1777, Jay was elected to be the Chief Justice of the New York Supreme Court, he served 2 years.
Thomas Jefferson Kolbee Rein
April 13, 1743
“A Bill of Rights…” Is what the people are entitled to against every government, and what no just government should refuse, or rest on inference.” –Thomas Jefferson. Thomas Jefferson was born on April 13, 1743 into the Randolph family, which gave him links to some of the most prominent individuals in Virginia. In 1752, he had begun attending school, where when he was only nine years old, began studying Latin, Greek, and French. In Jefferson’s later years, he served as a member of the Second Continental Congress beginning in June of 1775. This was shortly after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War. A year later, Samuel Adams would make sure that Jefferson was appointed to drafting the declaration. He had completed a draft with other committee members, however, the committee members made several changes in which stayed in the final draft. On July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was ratified and signed.
9/14/11
July 4, 1826
“Commerce with all nations, alliance with none, should be our motto.” –Thomas Jefferson In September 1776, Jefferson returned to Virginia and was elected to the new Virginia House of Delegates. There he served his term from September 26, 1776 until June 1, 1779. In 1779, he was elected Governor of Virginia from 1779 until 1781. At this time, the colonies were in the middle of the American Revolutionary War with Britain.
Thomas Jefferson By Allie Moeller
Contributions Thomas Jefferson was given credit for writing the Declaration of Independence. He was also a part of the second Continental Congress. As member of the Continental Congress he contributed to the writing of the Constitution. He was also elected governor in 1799
Jefferson’s Background Jefferson was born in Shadwell, Virginia, on April 13th, 1743. He was one of the best educated of his time. He studied in law, science, modern history, philosophy and literature. Because of the revolution, Thomas was forced to cease his practice in law in 1774. From that point on, he used his legal skills to rebel. He served as a representative in the Virginia House of Burgesses, which was the first elected body of government. Jefferson rose to fame as an effective spokesman during the American Revolution, and his political thought would become the building blocks of liberalism, or a movement to develop freedoms, in America.
Facts about Jefferson • • •
He had 9 siblings Got married at age 23 Had 6 children
Quotes by Thomas Jefferson "Every government degenerates when trusted to the rulers of the people alone. The people themselves, therefore, are its only safe depositories."
"The God who gave us life, gave us liberty at the same time; the hand of force may destroy, but cannot disjoin them."
"Our properties within our own territories [should not] be taxed or regulated by any power on earth but our own."
Fernando M Lopez
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John Paul Jones
Background, and Quotes Jones was an officer of the Continental Navy and helped establish the traditions of courage and professionalism that Sailors of the US Navy proudly maintain today. John Paul was born on July 6, 1747 in Kirkbean, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland and became a merchant shipmaster by the age of twenty-one.
Jones is remembered for his “…unwillingness to consider surrender when the slightest hope of victory still burned.” John Paul was referred to as the “Father of the US Navy.” He died on July 18th 1792 and was 45 years old.
“I have not yet begun to fight!” ~John Paul Jones John Paul Jones volunteered in Virginia during the beginning of the War of Independence to serve in the US Navy. He made the ensign on
board the flagship of the Navy’s first fleet. Jones took war to the enemy’s homeland by raiding along the British coast. And was a very important leader in
the fight against the British for American Independence.
Shae Brennan
Megan Gould
September 21, 2011
John Paul Jones And His Contributions To the Revolution
John Paul Jones was an officer of the Continental Navy of the American Revolution. John Paul Jones helped to establish the pride and courage that the United States Navy still proudly maintains. John Paul Jones started sailing at a very young age and became a merchant shipmaster as age 21. He moved to Virginia and volunteered in the War of Independence to serve in the Navy and built the Continental ensign on board the flagship of the Navy’s very first fleet. He sailed to the British coast and brought the war with him. They took the famous victory of the Bonhomme Richard over HMS Serapis. After the Bonhomme Richard began to take on water, fires broke out on board the ship. The British commander asked Jones if he had struck his flag. This is when Jones said the famous words, “I have not yet begun to fight!”
John Paul Jones Facts Life Span July 6, 1747 – July 18, 1972 (aged 45) Place of Kirkcudbrightshire, Birth Scotland Place of Death
Paris, France
Allegiance United States of America Imperial Russian Navy Rank
“I wish to have no connection with any ship that does not go fast for I intend to go in harm’s way.” –John Paul Jones
United States- Captain Russia- Rear Admiral
Henry Knox Brayla Alwin
Contributions to The Revolution: Henry Knox fought in the Battle of Bunker Hill under the command of General Ward. He served with the colonies. When George Washington came to Boston in 1775, and took control of the army, Henry and Washington became good friends. Henry’s knowledge about artillery came in very handy for Washington. Washington realized that the American army was in desperate need of artillery. Henry expressed his ideas to him and soon enough Henry was working with Washington in most battles. On December 8, 1776 Washington crossed the Delaware River while being directed by Henry. The success of this attack led to Henry being promoted to brigadier-general. In January of 1777 Henry and Washington worked together to defeat the British army landing a commendation to Henry from The Commanderin-Chief. Henry fought in the battles of Brandywine and Germantown. In 1781, Henry was in charge of artillery during the siege at Yorktown. After Cornwallis surrendered in October Henry was promoted to major-general.
Quotes From Henry: “That taxes may be the ostensible cause is true, but that they are the true cause is as far remote from truth as light from darkness.” “Every friend to the liberty of his country is bound to reflect, and step forward to prevent the dreadful consequences which shall result from a government of events.”
Henry was placed in West Point until the British left New York. After Washington was appointed president in 1789, Henry became the Secretary of War.
Background Information: Henry Knox was born July 25th, 1750 to William and Mary Knox. He was born in Boston. He was one of 10 children. Henry’s father died early. After his father’s death Henry quit school and went to work as a clerk in a bookstore. He liked history and read a lot but his all time favorite subject was artillery. In 1772 Henry joined the Boston Grenadier Corps.
The powers of Congress are totally inadequate to preserve the balance between the respective States, and oblige them to do those things, which are essential for their own welfare or for the general good. – Henry Knox
Henry Knox Sydnie Hiemstra
9/14/11
Before the Revolutionary War Henry Knox was born in Boston on July 25, 1750. After his father died he dropped out of school and became a bookbinder, later he opened his own bookstore, which prompted him to be an avid reader. His fascination with military topics focused mainly on artillery. Knox first got involved in the Revolutionary War when he got involved in the Son’s of Liberty and was present at the Boston Massacre. Later he joined the Boston Grenadier Corps, putting his military reading to use. In April 1775 Knox volunteered to serve with colonial forces.
The Revolutionary War After continuing to serve the army Henry Knox came under the commandment of General George Washington. As time passed the two became friends, Washington consulted Knox for help on a plan. Henry Knox planned to transfer a cannon to siege the lines at Boston. This plan got Knox appointed as a colonel in the Continental Army. He was sent north where he moved 59 guns and mortars 300 miles to Boston where British fled in March of 1776. Knox later became Washington’s chief of artillery and was given a key role in overseeing the army’s crossing the Delaware River, and because of that was promoted to brigadier general. Henry Knox returned to Massachusetts, during a break after the victories over Trenton and Princeton, in hopes of improving weapon production. During this time Knox established the Springfield Armory, which was a key producer in the war and for two centuries after. Shortly after rejoining the war Henry Knox was involved in the defeats at Brandywine and Germantown, he also secured aid at Valley Forge and helped von Steuben. Knox was again promoted to major general and commanded forces at West Point where he led the Society of the Cincinnati. At the end of the war in 1793 Knox took his troops to gather possession of withdrawaling British troops at New York City.
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James Madison !
â&#x20AC;&#x153;Godfather of the Constitutionâ&#x20AC;? James Madison signs the US Constitution with George Washington. Madison hated the British treatment of the American colonies. He helped coordinate anti-British efforts in 1774. In 1776 he was elected to the Virginia Convention which voted to declare
independence from Great Britain and which wrote a constitution for the new state. He served on the Council of State under governor's Patrick Henry and Thomas Jefferson in 1778 and 1779.
Facts
James Madison was a half first cousin of George Washington.
Madison was a second cousin of the twelfth President of the US.
Madison was one of only two Presidents to sign the US Constitution.
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The Monroe Doctrine
Ashlyn Casados
â&#x20AC;&#x153;Our country may be likened to a new house. We lack many things, but we possess the most precious of all -- liberty!
The revolutions in Spain's American colonies, which had begun in the Napoleonic era, had aroused great sympathy in the United States. Anxious to assert American independence in foreign policy, Monroe rejected the British offer, opting for a policy statement in his annual message of December 1823. While greeted with enthusiasm by Americans, Monroe's statement received little notice in Europe or South America, and it had no effect on European policy. England's declared opposition blocked intervention by other nations.
Acquisition of Florida Monroe's greatest achievements as president lay in foreign affairs. Monroe chose a middle course--the posts were restored to Spain, but the administration accepted Jackson's explanation that his action had been justified by conditions in Florida. The incident led Spain to cede Florida and define, favorably to American claims.
Opponent of the Federalists
In 1794, when Washington dispatched Federalist John Jay on a mission to Britain, Monroe was named minister to France in the hope that this would appease Republican critics of the administration who feared a diplomatic rupture with France. From 1799 to 1802, Monroe served as governor of Virginia, demonstrating great administrative ability and winning praise for his decisive action to suppress a slave uprising in 1800.
OVERVIEW
James Monroe, (1758-1831), 5th President of the United States. Jamesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; public career was shaped by three great influences: the American Revolution; the principles of the Republican party, which he helped found; and his diplomatic experiences. He worked to achieve the revolutionary ideal of a representative government based on free institutions, first through the battle to defeat the Federalists and, secondly, as president, by attempting to eliminate party divisions, which he regarded as destructive of republican government.
Brittany Keane
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JAMES MONROE Quotes by James: “The best form of government is that which most likely to prevent the greatest sum of evil”
“A little flattery will support a man through great Fatigue”
“Our country may be likened to a new house. We lack many things, but we posses the most precious of all- Liberty!”
Revolutionary War He was the only President of the Revolutionary War to be certified a war hero. During the actual battle in Trenton he was
severely wounded while attacking the Hessians, taking a musket ball in the chest. He almost died. The ball was so deeply embedded; he lived with for the rest of his life. He was promoted to captain and returned to Virginia to recover and help recruit. When he rejoined the Continental Army, he was promoted again to major.
“If America wants concessions, she must fight for them. We must purchase our power with our blood.”
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James Monroe
His role in the Revolutionary War James Monroe was bon in April 28,1758 in Westmoreland County, Virginia. He attended the College of William and Mary. He later became the 5th president of Untied States. Now his role in the Revolutionary War was very important. Monroes first action was with a group of friends from his college he attended , they raided the govenors mansion and turned arms held them over there to local militia. He also was commissioned a lietutenant in the 3rd Virginia Infantry. Monroe then decided to join Washingtonsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Continetal Army in New York. James fought at Brandywine, Germantown, and Monmouth.
“Without the pen of the author of 'Common Sense,' the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain.” -John Adams
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Common Sense, was Thomas Paine’s most famous publication, and best selling. It sold an estimated 500,000 copies through out the colonies,
which at the time had Jake Johnston Jke Johnston
only two million people
Crisis was a pamphlet published by Thomas Paine during the Revolutionary War, solely to inspire the Rebels. General George Washington read from the pages to inspire his troops for more than one battle.
February 9, 1737- June 8, 1809
One of the Founding Fathers of the United States
Thomas Paine Thomas Paine was a major contributor to the American Revolution. His greatest contribution to the revolution was writing the pamphlet Common Sense. Painting of Thomas Paine-
Timeline of Events February 9, 1737
-Paine is born in Thetford, Norfolk, England
September 1774
-A friend of Paine’s introduces him to Benjamin Franklin, who encourages him to move to America.
January 9, 1775
-Common Sense is first published
Autumn 1802
-Paine returns to America with the invitation of Thomas Jefferson
Contributions to the Revolution “These are the times that try men's souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands it now, deserves the love and thanks of men and women." – Thomas Paine, The Crisis, 1776 The most important contribution to the American Revolution by Thomas Paine is the inspiration he gave soldiers and citizens through his writings, especially Common Sense, which was written to inspire the American people to support the Revolution. Another one of his works, The Crisis, was read to Washington’s troops to inspire them to cross the Delaware River and defeat the British at Trenton.
-Common Sense Pamphlet “Chief Sitting Bull, Tom Paine, Dr. Martin Luther King, Malcolm X, they were renegades... of their time and age; the mighty renegades.” –Renegades of Funk, by Rage Against the Machine
Thomas Paine “Without the pen of the author of Common Sense the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain” – Samuel Adams
Paine’s Life up to Common Sense Thomas Paine was born February 9th 1737 in Thetford, Norfolk England. From then he took many jobs, which he was unsuccessful at, until June 4th of 1773 where George Lewis Scott introduced him to Benjamin Franklin and received a letter of recommendation to emigrate to colonial America. Thomas Paine was a massive influence on the Revolution, he was such a big influence he holds the title of “Father to the American Revolution”. He earn the title from his early work of Common Sense, Which was where Samuel Adams got his influence to rekindle the Revolution.
Common Sense Common Sense was written on January 10th of 1776 and supported the idea that America should become independent from Britain. It pointed out the corruption that Britain was pushing for in the colonies and rallied that the troops should react to protect their country. In an attempt to provide better effect Paine signed Common Sense as “an Englishman”, showing internal resentment of Britain’s actions. It was written in simplistic language allowing it to rally all colonists.
Thomas Paine ^ A little known fact of Paine was that he did serve field work, being a soldier in the earlier stages of the revolution and, after leaving from being a poor soldier, becoming the aid for one Nathenael Greene, a major general during the entirety of the revolution.
Researched by Taylor Mack.
William Prescott (February 20,1726- October 13, 1795) By Monique Oropeza
William Prescott was an American colonel during the Revolutionary War William Prescott was born in Groton Massachusetts. He served in the provincial militia in King George’s War. Prescott led his troops during the Battle of Bunker Hill. Some insist he is known for his order to his troops “Do not fire until you see the whites of their eyes.” This would make them more able to hit and injure the target and also preserve ammunition. British General Gage questioned if Prescott would fight and was informed by his aid the Colonel Prescott “is an old soldier, he will fight for as long as a drop of blood is in his veins.” After Prescott received a few more reinforcement, and his men were down to about 3 musket balls apiece, he stated, “If we can drive them back again, they cannot rally.” Prescott gave orders to retreat and was one of the last to leave the redoubt. The battle gave notice to the British that the Americans would bravely fight for liberty. A statue of Prescott sits at the monument and was sculpted by William Wetmore Story in 1881. The statue memorializes the moment, sword in hand, before Prescott gave the command to fire. It is located on the outside west area of the monument.
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William Prescott American Colonel
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William Prescott’s Career in Revolutionary war ‘’Do not fire until you see the whites of their eyes!’’ William Prescott told his command of men this at the Battle of Bunker Hill, he said this because the soldiers were not trained well enough with a gun to shoot and kill without being close enough to see the British soldiers’ eyes. After Bunker Hill, Prescott was seen as a hero for keeping the poorly-trained militia disciplined. Prescott later became the colonel of the 7TH Continental Regiment. His regiment was involved in the defense of New York in 1776.
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Paul Revere And His Contributions to the Revolutionary War
By: Danielle Brennan
Paul Revere Contribution to the Revolution
Inside
The Regulars are coming! - Paul Revere
Paul Revere got involved with the Revolution through business and social connections. One of Paul Revere’s good friends was Dr. Joseph Warren was the leader of the Sons of Liberty. Paul started opposing England by making political engravings that didn’t support the King. He could make these engravings because he was a copperplate engraver. Revere was the artist who engraved the picture of the Boston Massacre and what it depicted was not at all true. The picture was what caused many colonists to rebel against the King. Revere is the one responsible for organizing the Mechanics. The Mechanics were the group that watched the British Amy and sent reports to Samuel Adams. This group is the group that discovered the plan of the British troops to march to Lexington and Concord. Paul was sent by this group to warn Samuel Adams and John Hancock. This was Paul Revere’s famous midnight ride and this ride is what made Paul Revere so important to the Revolutionary War.
Mike Sanchez
September 15, 2011
PAUL REVERE January 1, 1735 - May 10, 1818 Mauris nec nisl a tellus eleifend mollis.
Quotes by paul Revere “The Regulars are coming! The regulars are coming!”
“One, if by land, and two, if by sea.”
Revere was a prosperous and prominent Boston silversmith, who helped organize an intelligence and alarm system to keep watch on the British military. Revere later served as an officer in the Penobscot Expedition one of the most disastrous campaigns of the American Revolutionary War for which he was absolved of blame.
Paul Revere was a father of 16 children. He had 8 children with Sarah Orne but only 6 survived and he had the other 6 with a woman by the name of Rachel Walker but only 5 of her children survived.
“He said to me, ''We are now going towards your friends, and if you attempt to run, or we are insulted, we will blow your brains out.'' When we had got into the road they formed a circle, and ordered the prisoners in the center, and to lead me in the front.”
Paul Revere’s Contributions to the American Revolution Paul Revere was not only a silversmith and an historical patriot but he made a major contribution to the American Revolution by one of his best-known engravings in his depiction of the Boston Massacre. His masterpiece of anti-British propaganda was widely circulated played a key role in rallying fervor.
His other contribution to the American Revolution is that the night that the regulars aka the British were approaching he warned the colonies by riding through the night yelling the, “Regulars are coming!” this was a historical event know as Paul Revere’s Midnight Ride.
Benjamin Rush (1745-1813) “Patriotism is as much a virtue as justice, and is as necessary for the support of societies as natural affection is for the support of families.” ! Benjamin Rush
Benjamin Rush’s parents were John and Susanna Harvey Rush gave birth to him on December 24, 1745. He had six siblings, and they lived a place called Byberry near Philadelphia. Benjamin’s father died when he was five, which led to his mother caring for him and his siblings. He studied at the College of New Jersey, where he got his bachelor’s degree in 1760. After he returned to Philadelphia, he studied medicine from Dr. John Redman from 1761 to 1766. Then he headed to Scotland to finish his schooling at the University of Edinburgh. In June 1768, he went to London and continued his training at St. Thomas’s Hospital. After Rush returned to Philadelphia in 1769, he began to practice medicine and serving as the professor at College of Philadelphia. Rush also helped establish the Pennsylvania Society fro Promoting the Abolition of Slavery.
Seth DuBray
Saige Benton
September 14th, 2011
JOSEPH WARREN
His part in the Revolution Doctor! Soldier! and Major General
â&#x20AC;&#x153;Nevertheless, to the persecution and tyranny of his cruel ministry we will not tamely submit -appealing to Heaven for the justice of our cause, we determine to die or be free.â&#x20AC;?
Dr. Joseph Warren, born on June 11, 1741, was an American doctor who played a leading role in American Patriot organizations in Boston in early days of the American Revolution, eventually serving as president of the revolutionary Massachusetts Provincial Congress. Warren enlisted a few soldiers to leave Boston and spread the alarm that the British garrison in Boston was setting out to raid the town of Concord and arrest rebel leaders. Warren participated in the next day's battles of Lexington ad Concord, which are commonly considered to be the opening engagements of the American Revolution. Warren had been commissioned a Major General in the colony's military shortly before the June 17, 1775 Battle of Bunker Gill. Rather than exercising his rank, Warren served in the battle as a private soldier, and was killed in combat when British troops stormed the redoubt at the top of Breed's Hill. His death, immortalized in John Trumbull's painting, The Death of General Warren at the Battle of Bunker's Hill, June 17, 1775, galvanized the rebel forces, and he has been memorialized in many places in the United States.
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“Appealing to heaven for the justice of our cause, we determine to die or be free’’Joseph warren 74%!;(56!$6!D(H;'5AF!J4%%4@2'%*))%!(6!1'6*!//F! /KL/!46?!?$*?!$6!I245:*%)(36F!=(%)(6!(6!1'6*! /KF/KKMN4-*?!OLP!
There are at least three statues of Joseph Warren on public display. Two are in Boston—one in the exhibit lodge adjacent to Bunker hill monument, the other on the grounds of the Roxbury Latin School. The 0-.!
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Olivia Vogel
George Washington, Revolutionary War
“Father of our Country” : A commander in the revolutionary War. Becomes first president. "Remember that it is the actions, and not the commission, that make the officer, and that there is more expected from him, than the title.” - Address to the Officers of the Virginia Regiment, January 8, 1756
Date: Wednesday 21st, 2011
Contributions: 1754-63
April 19th, 1775
October 1781
September 3rd, 1783
French and Indian War (7 years war). Became leader against the French. Battle of Lexington and Concord. Between colonies and Great Britan. Battle of Yorktown. Ending Revolutionary war. Peace Treaty of Paris
George Washington George Washington was known as the “Father of our Country”. He was born and raised in Virginia and was known for his skills in mapping forests. This skill allowed him to join the army and become the leader of the Revolutionary War. He led the Continental Army to many wins and many losses. He almost lost his job over those losses but managed to turn everything around at the battle known as Yorktown. This battle was beginning to end the Revolutionary War. Also, the famous picture of him and his troops crossing the icy Delaware (shown below) was a wonderful victory that gave them confidence to continue in the War. The final act of ending was the “Peace Treaty of Paris”. After the war, he became the president of the Continental Congress and then the first president of the United States.
Quote: “Discipline is the soul of an army. It makes small numbers formidable; procures success to the weak, and esteem to all.”
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George Washington in the Revolution! George Washington was born February 22, 1732 in Virginia. George Washington was the first president of the United States of America. He was also known as the “Father of our Country.” George Washington became a general when he formed the Continental Army. He did all the training and everything he started with 14,000 men. He was the general during the Battle of Lexington and Concord. He was a welltrusted man in the army. During in the middle of one of the battles he rode out on his horse and this made the men in the war really want to fight harder. So they did they fought the best war ever!
One of George Washington’s famous quotes is “We began a contest for liberty ill provided with the means for the war, relying on our patriotism to supply the deficiency. We expected to encounter many wants and distressed… we must bear the present evils and fortitude…” George Washington was the person who led us to a victory. He controlled everything! He was a hard working and caring man in the Revolutionary War. He fights for what he believes in and don’t stop until he wins. He is someone that many people look up that are leaders or in the army. He is a man that will always be remember and not forgotten! He pasted away on December 14th, 1799. He passed away because he had an illness named Pneumonia, which is a bad throat infection. But he will always be known for the “Father of our Country!”
Morgan Anthony
George Washington
Lorem Ipsum Dolor
Spring 2012
George Washington was born February 22, 1732, in Virginia. George's father, Augustine Washington, was a wealthy man who owned many farms and slaves. He made money from growing tobacco and rice. Washington liked to hunt. He was a good horseback rider who liked horses. He was good at math, so he became a surveyor. Washington was a good surveyor who helped map out the wilderness when he was only sixteen years old.
George Washington was chosen to be the leader of the American army against the French because he knew the woods so well. In Europe, this was called "The Seven Years War," but the Americans called it "The French and Indian War." The English won the war. The Second Continental Congress formed the Continental Army and made George Washington a general. He started training his 14,000 men. On April 19, 1775, war broke out between the colonies and Great Britain. This was the Battle of
Lexington and Concord in Massachusetts. Washington took his men across the Delaware River, but the Redcoats couldn't cross it because they didn't have boats. General Washington thought his army should fight defensively, meaning not fighting unless they had to, but he saw a perfect chance to attack the British. On Christmas Eve, they attacked the Redcoats camp at Trenton. By October, 1781, the colonists circled around the city of Yorktown, where the big British army was located, attacked them, and won the Battle of Yorktown. That ended the Revolutionary War. The Peace Treaty of Paris was signed on Sept. 3, 1783.
After the war, George Washington became President of the Constitutional Convention. He let all his slaves go. Because he was a great general, he was elected as the First President of the United States. Some people wanted him to be a king, because kings rule the countries of that time.
"To be prepared for war is one of the most effectual means of preserving peace." First Annual Address to Congress, January 8, 1790
Phillis Wheatley Born in 1753 in Gambia,Africa Date of death: December ,1784
Quote: The world is a severe schoolmaster, for its frowns are less dangerous than its smiles and flatteries, and it is a difficult task to keep in the path
An exert of one of her poems “twas mercy brought me from my pagan land, taught my beknighted soul to understand that there’s a God that there’s a Savior too once I redemption neither sought not knew…”
Phyllis Wheatley was born in 1753 in Senegal, Africa, but her last name wasn't "Wheatley." When she was seven years old, she was taken from Africa to Boston and sold to John and Susannah Wheatley. She was picked to be a servant to the Wheatleys, but instead she was raised as one of the Wheatley's children. The Wheatleys taught Phyllis how to write and read English, and at age12, and she was reading Latin and Greek classics and the Bible. Phillis wheatly wrote her first poem at age 13 in 1770,she wrote a poem about the great Evangelist, George Whitefield, and his sad, tragic death. Many people all over Boston, Massachusetts read this poem, and she became quite famous. They could tell that she had very poetic thoughts, and could easily put them into kind, loving, and gentle words. People who had never heard of her wanted her to write more, turning her into a sensation, or a hit. In 1773, she published her first book, Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral. This book included thirty-nine of her poems. In most of the poems she wrote in heroic couplet and contained elegies. This book indeed became famous, and is still known quite well today. A lot of people have read it since her death. This was the first book to ever be published in the colonies by an AfricanAmerican.
By Dylan young
Phillis Wheatley 1753-1984
Contribution to the American Revolution Phillis Wheatley was born in Gambia in 1753. She was made into a slave at age seven. She was sold into the Wheatley family in Boston. This family taught her reading and writing, and also motivated and encouraged her poetry writings. In 1773, she visited England. The purpose of this trip was to recover her health. While she was there a collection of her poetry was published. She wrote a poem called “To the King’s Most Excellent Majesty” that was written for the purpose of thanking King George III for repealing the Stamp Act. Phillis Wheatley also wrote a poem called “To His Excellency George Washington”. This poem celebrated George Washington’s works. In 1776, George Washington invited Phillis to his home. Thomas Paine then published this poem in the Pennsylvania Gazette. Poetry was not as popular during the American Revolution as everyone was focused on fighting. Phillis Wheatley married John Peters. Her husband went to prison for debt in 1784. Wheatley died in 1784 caused by childbirth. Her infant son died three and a half hours later. This makes her the first African American writer to be published.
Ellie Applegarth
Quotes Racism is not an excuse to not do the best you can. A crown, a mansion, and a throne that shine, With gold unfading WASHINGTON! Be thine.
James Wilson Angello Warfield James Wilson quote: The thirteen States are thirteen Sovereignties. With this, he raises the most important question of the era: having acted upon revolutionary principles in setting up the new country
Born in Carskerdo near St.Andrews, Scotland to William Wilson and Alison Landall. Wilson attended a number of universities in Scotland without attaining a degree. Imbued with the ideas of the Scottish Enlightenment he moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in British America in 1766, carrying valuable letters of introduction.
Taking up the revolutionary cause, Wilson published in 1774 "Considerations on the Nature and Extent of the Legislative Authority of the British Parliament." In this pamphlet, Wilson argued that the Parliament had no authority to pass laws for the American colonies because the colonies had no representation in Parliament. As a member of the Continental Congress in 1776, James Wilson was a firm advocate for independence. Believing it was his duty to follow the wishes of his constituents, Wilson refused to vote until he meet with his districtytr.
Created by: The American History Research students of Alliance High School, Alliance, NE.