[pet 225] Precious English

PRECIOUS ENGLISH Form 4

•ASHLEY•DAVINA•FENNY•HUI JOY•MING GIH•

INTRODUCTION This E-book assignment has certainly been challenging to all five of us, due to the fact that none of us have had the experience of coming up with something similar to a textbook. Apart from that, it was also challenging as we had to incorporate multiple skills in a single chapter.

The purpose of this E-book is to fulfill one of our TESOL Curriculum Development (PET 225) course’s requirements. This E-book is our coursework with weightage of 20%. Apart from that, this E-book too has been a great opportunity to foresee our future in teaching. It has given us a much deeper understanding on the importance of incorporating several different skills in a chapter, as to cater for students with different learning styles.

Next, this E-book assignment has also given us the golden opportunity to see a textbook from a totally different perspective. It gave us a better picture, to us, future English teachers on the ways we can be creative with a textbook, and to recognize its worth.

There certainly were several limitations, which we managed to overcome with the help from each other. Firstly, our lack of knowledge and inexperience did hamper our initial discussions. But, after doing some extensive reading, we managed to understand the needs of this assignment better. Then, we faced another small challenge, as neither of us had a textbook to refer to. But we overcame this by borrowing textbooks from our younger sibling and cousin.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, we would like to extend our gratitude Dr. Al- Amin Mydin for giving us this wonderful opportunity to come up with a tangible product which is similar to a textbook. This assignment has given all five of us an insight on teaching four different skills all through one chapter. Apart from that, we would also like to thank Dr. AlAmin for his guidance as he took his time to give a more detailed explanation regarding this assignment. We also appreciate his patience whilst answering all our questions concerning this E-book assignment. We would also like to convey our heartfelt gratitude to Dr. Al- Amin for his kindness, in extending the due date. Thus, giving us more time to focus and come up with a quality product rather than a rushed product.

Next, all five of us would like to extend our gratitude towards Roderick Raj and Amy Chen, for their kindness, in letting us to refer to their textbooks in order to come up with out with our respective topics and themes.

Finally, the final product of this assignment would never be the same without the guidance and support from each and every member of this group. We thank each other for the never-ending support, and for all those pearls of wisdom we shared with each other as we came up with this E-book. Thank you, Hui Joy for volunteering to compile and edit all our work. Thank you, Davina for helping us to do the proofreading and checking the book over and over again. Thank you, Ming Gih, Fenny, and Ashley for the beautiful designs. Working with all of you was such a bliss.

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CONTENT PART

PAGE

Introduction

ii

Acknowledgement

iii

Unit 1: Friends, Countrymen…

1 – 21

Unit 2: Wildlife Warrior

22 – 43

Unit 3: Special People

44 – 67

Unit 4: Dare to Dream

68 – 89

Unit 5: Future Gazing

90 – 111

CD Script

112 – 116

Answers

117 – 121

References

122 – 124

iv

OVERVIEW OF THE UNIT’S CONTENT Unit’s Title Unit 1: Friends, Countrymen…

Vocabulary 15 words are introduced.

Grammar Modals

By Lim Ming Gih

Unit 2: Wildlife Warrior

Speaking Voice out personal travel experiences.

Listening Fill in the questions with specific key words and phrases.

Dramatize and provide correct response based on the situation given.

14 words are introduced.

Comparative and superlative adjectives

By Fenny Lo Nyuk Yun

Voice out opinion on how human activities can harm the wildlife.

Extract information audio.

pertinent from the

Voice out opinion on how to prevent the harming of wildlife.

Unit 3: Special People

15 words are introduced.

Adverbs

15 words are introduced.

Regular verbs

By Ashley Chen Kai Yun

Unit 4: Dare to Dream

By Pohgawathi Davina

v

Make enquiries and place Differentiate true and false an order. information based on the audio.

Read and role-play a situation given .

Rewrite missing words based on the audio.

Create a situation and roleplay.

Justify answers in a Extract the right answer discussion. from the audio.

Construct answers in a Paraphrase the answer to match to the needs of the persuasive manner. questions.

Unit 5: Future Gazing

15 words are introduced.

Conjunctions

By Ooi Hui Joy

State and justify points of Draw conclusions from view in a discussion. information that is inferred.

Express cause-effect Sort out the relevant relationships in a information from the discussion. audio.

Whenever you see this ↓

It means that there is an audio file to play.

If you are using a printed book, you may play CD1 to listen to the audio.

If you are using an e-book, you may access it through clicking on the picture.

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Unit 1

FRIENDS, COUNTRYMEN...

LIM MING GIH YEAR 2 B. (ED) HONS, TESOL UNIVESITI SAINS MALAYSIA

Unit 1: Friends, Countrymen…

Created by: Lim Ming Gih

Theme: People

Unit 1 Friends, Countrymen…

By the end of this unit, student should be able to: Vocabulary ● Explain all the meaning of 15 words based on the text given. ● Use the vocabulary with less error. (answers 6 questions correctly out of 8 questions) ● Categorize countable and uncountable nouns with less error (answers 8 questions correctly out of 14 questions) Grammar ● Differentiate modals (need to and should). ● Apply modals with less error in each sentence. (answers 7 questions correctly out of 12 questions)

Speaking ● Voice out personal travel experiences such as cultures of other country, etc. ●

Dramatize and provide correct response based on the situation given.

Listening

● Fill in the questions with specific key words and phrases according to the audio. (track 1 and 2)

2

Unit 1: Friends, Countrymen…

Created by: Lim Ming Gih VOCABULARY PART 1 Read the passage below.

Once Upon a Time We both tell the tale the same way. It was the first day of kindergarten, and Kristin and 2 It I wore identical1 brown tartan dresses. That’s all it took to claim each other as a best friend. seemed more preordained2 than coincidence. This is how I understood the basis for our friendship when I was four. I’m still inclined to believe it was fated.

Our relationship was cemented by an immense3 capacity for imaginative play. We’d 7 reinvent ourselves as knights named Rose and Kris, and create a vast4 kingdom dotted with castles and fast-running streams we needed to cross to outrun our enemy, a shape shifter named Dugly Ugly, who would materialize in the form of a boy, man or wild animal. If he captured one of us, the other would rush to the rescue. The allure5 of this game was that, when circumstances looked bleak, we always devised a new outcome.

Dugly Ugly followed us to elementary school, after we were ostracized6 by our classmates. It was Grade 6, a time when cliques7 bloom and kids are ruthless. We found ourselves banished8 to the fringes of the schoolyard for an entire winter. At recess, we’d escape into other realms-shared worlds where we made the rules and controlled our fates. Being bullied might have been traumatizing9, but together it was just another adventure.

4

As we grew older, our exploits10 happened in the real world and took us far from homeworking at a canoe-tripping camp, touring Ireland, visiting each other in our respective university towns. Then, when I was 24, my half-brother died from complications related to alcoholism. Being 11 years my senior, he was protective, indulgent11, goofy and endlessly 3

Unit 1: Friends, Countrymen…

Created by: Lim Ming Gih

kind. I knew he struggled12 with addiction but never imagined it might kill him. It was the saddest story in the world, and I couldn’t bear to share the details, so I barred my friends from the funeral.

Kristin alone ignored13 my wishes. I can still picture her at the wake in the church basement, standing nearby as I made small talk with the mourners14, all of whom were there for my parents or my siblings. Kristin was there just for me. We were a unit, like on the playground. She couldn’t rescue me from this tragedy, as she might have done in our makebelieve world, but showing up was enough. Her act of disobedience taught me that, when dealing with a distressed15 friend, sometimes you need to override what you’re told and do what you feel is right.

Lately I’ve been watching my four-year-old daughter form her first friendships. She tells me about her days at preschool, the kids she plays with and the games they invent. The name of one little girl surfaces more often than the others. Thinking of Kristin, I wonder what role this child might play in the story of my daughter’s life.

Adapted from “The Power of Friendship.” http://www.readersdigest.ca/features/heart/power-friendship/view-all/

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Unit 1: Friends, Countrymen‌

Created by: Lim Ming Gih VOCABULARY PART 1 Vocabulary 1. identical

: two or more than two things that look exactly the same or similar to each other

2. preordain(ed)

: decide what will happen in a way that couldn’t be controlled, refers a power that thought to be greater than ordinary people

3. immense

: extremely large in size or degree

4. vast

: huge

5. allure

: the quality of being attractive or interesting, the attraction

6. ostracize(ed)

: being boycotted, to avoid someone intentionally from taking part in a group of people or activities

7. clique(s)

: one small group of people who always spent their time together and do not welcome other people into their group

8. banish(ed)

: to totally get rid of something.

9. traumatize(ing)

: being a nightmare to someone for a long period, refers to severe hurts

10. exploit(s)

: a brave, interesting, or unusual act

11. indulgent

: allowing someone to do what they want, which might bring harms to them

12. struggle(ed)

: experience difficulty, impose great effort to complete something

13. ignore(ed)

: intentionally not listening or giving attention to others’ speech

14. mourner(s)

: person at funeral

15. distress(ed)

: a feeling of insecure, extremely worry or sadness 5

Unit 1: Friends, Countrymen‌

Created by: Lim Ming Gih VOCABULARY PART 1 Task 1

Complete the crossword puzzle correctly according to the vocabulary above (refers to page 5).

2.

1.

3.

7.

4.

8.

5.

6.

Questions: 1. Madam Lim’s _____________ on the death of her son could have brought her a heart attack.

2. War destroys _____________ amounts of houses and family.

3. Sometimes people could not recognise Aden and his twin brother as they look virtually _____________.

4. No words can describe the grief of the _____________.

5. Muthu was trying to calm down his friend that looked depressed by telling him to take a deep breath and then _____________ all the negative thoughts from your 6

Unit 1: Friends, Countrymen‌

Created by: Lim Ming Gih mind.

6. The _____________ of piano motivates Sabrina to continue her musician life.

7. A lot of single parents _____________ to bring their children up with a low income.

8. _____________ parents do not reprimand their child for not behaving appropriately.

For further reading: • To improve vocabulary

7

Unit 1: Friends, Countrymen…

Created by: Lim Ming Gih VOCABULARY PART 2

COUNTABLE & UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

Countable Nouns - Things that can be counted.

- could be in singular or plural forms.

- Examples: pencil or pencils, woman or women, car or cars, etc.

- In singular form, it comes with articles "a" and "an".

Uncountable Nouns - Things that cannot be counted.

- Examples: raindrops, hair, floor or wood

Tips: There are some words which follow by each countable noun and uncountable noun. few, fewer

little, less, least

many, several

much

1.

Countable

✓

✗

✓

✗

2.

Uncountable

✗

✓

✗

✓

a few trees

a little salt

many people

much time

Examples

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Unit 1: Friends, Countrymen‌

Created by: Lim Ming Gih VOCABULARY PART 2

COUNTABLE & UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS Read the passage below.

In my life, grandpa had the greatest influence for me. He was a carefree countryman, a wise and experienced elder. He was my dearest friend. Wrinkles on his face signified the ravage of time. He was a resourceful man who had his share of life experiences. In spite of that, he never presumed his seniority in either way. I was blessed to have him as a guide and advisor.

M y beloved grandpa alwa ys admonished me to stud y hard. Whenever he was free, he would flip through newspapers and dicti onary. Vocabularies that were new to him would be listed down in his note book with its meaning. He was so eager to learn. Due to his influence, I changed my attitude on study. I often read books as a leisure activity to gain new knowledge and skills. It w as undeniable that he helped me a lot in my academic.

Moreover, he transformed m y behaviour and view towards life. In his belief, it was important to be responsible. He treated everyone with sincerity. He never gave empty promises to others. From him, I learnt to be liable in doing everything. I try to do all of my duties conscientiously and respect people around me.

However, he passed away three years ago. His decease was a grief to me.

Life without him was bitter. From this, I realized that how precious life is.

Nothing can we take for granted. I was grateful to grow up with his care and love. When I was wrong, he would never reprimand my mistake. Gentle advises were given by him.

Dear grandpa, my love towards you doesn’t fade. All of the moments I 9

Unit 1: Friends, Countrymen‌

Created by: Lim Ming Gih

spent with him are priceless memories. All these memories were kept in the deepest corner of m y heart. Alt hough he l eft us ph ysi call y, his t aught and influence is worth for a lifetime.

Task 2 List down all the countable and uncountable nouns.

Countable Noun

Uncountable Noun

1.

1.

2.

2.

3.

3.

4.

4.

5.

5.

6.

6.

7.

7.

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Unit 1: Friends, Countrymen…

Created by: Lim Ming Gih GRAMMAR PART 1

MODALS (NEED TO, SHOULD) • Modals are irregular verbs that also known as: (i) modal verbs (ii) auxiliary verbs (iii) modal auxiliaries.

• Conditions to use modal verb: (i) use root word (do not add –s, -ed or –ing) • “Should” is one of the modal verb that follow by an infinitive without “to”.

Need to - modal to express necessity and obligation, follow with a condition at the beginning or the end of the sentence.

- Example: I need to finish my revision before the exam to score a higher mark.

Should - modal that usually use to give advice, logical conclusion and lower necessity and obligation on doing something.

-Example: necessity and obligation : I should attend the workshop as it's useful for me. advice : You should eat more vegetables. It is good for health. logical conclusion : The man should call the police before the thief ran away.

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Unit 1: Friends, Countrymen‌

Created by: Lim Ming Gih GRAMMAR PART 1

MODALS (NEED TO, SHOULD) Task 3 Underline the correct answer.

1. The proposal (need to, should) be done before the meeting tomorrow.

2. From my opinion, I suggest that all the villagers (need to, should) stop throwing the rubbish into the river.

3. You (need to, should) visit a doctor immediately if your headache is worsening.

4. Smoking in close area (need to, should) be strictly prohibited as it brings harms to people surrounding.

5. Severe injuries (need to, should) undergo surgeries to fasten the recovery.

6. Susan (need to, should) not continue her habit of eating titbits before eating every meal. It harms her health.

7. Rohya (need to, should) exclude herself in the performance. She (need to, should) stop dancing because her leg was sprained.

8. Illegal human trafficking (need to, should) be given a death sentence because it destroys the happiness of a family.

9. Amy and her friend (need to, should) apologise to the girl. They (need to, should) pour the water on her dress.

10. People who cheated on you for a several times (need to, should) not be trusted again.

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Unit 1: Friends, Countrymen‌

Created by: Lim Ming Gih SPEAKING PART 1 Task 4 - Let me know!

Do you travel local or abroad before? Share your personal travel experiences such as people or cultures of other country to your classmate!

Use this text below as a reference, tell your 1 minute speech about travel experience to others.

Hello everyone, I am Kathrina. My family and I travelled to Bangladesh during last school holidays. We visited Dhaka, the capital and the largest city in Bangladesh. We spent 8 days 7 nights there. The trip was fascinating as I enjoy the food, culture and sceneries in Dhaka.

We visited a few places such as Lalbagh Fort, Sonargaon and the sixty dome mosque.

All these tourist spots shared a similarity, the building and all the sculptures were astonishing.

I love visiting all these historical places. It showed me how amazing the world is. Among these 13

Unit 1: Friends, Countrymen‌

Created by: Lim Ming Gih

tourist spots, I will choose Sixty dome of mosque for further explanations. From my point of view, I feel that this place is the most attracting spots along the journey.

According to the tour guide, sixty dome mosque is one of the UNESCO World Heritage Site. I was amazed by its architectural beauty at the first sight. I could describe it as the most impressive Muslim mosque ever. It showed a sense of solemn beauty with the marvels inside the mosque. It was surrounded by the protected nature which really bring peace and calmness to me.

Now, it’s your turn to tell me about your travel experience!

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Unit 1: Friends, Countrymen‌

Created by: Lim Ming Gih Task 5 – Need Your Help

Form a pair and present the correct direction based on the map given below. You and your friend takes turn to choose one place to give direction.

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Unit 1: Friends, Countrymen‌

Created by: Lim Ming Gih LISTENING

Task 6 Part 1 Choose the correct answer.

1. Which are the reasons why humans cry?

A. Humans cry because they need concern from others.

B. Humans cry as they want to expose their weaknesses to others.

C. Humans cry because they need to express their internal feeling.

D. Humans cry because they are sensitive and emotional.

2. The following shows that the interpersonal benefits of crying except A. express internal feelings B. connect to people around us C. neutralize anger D. Condemn others

3. Tearless people tends to experience ____________ easily.

A. happiness B. anger

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Unit 1: Friends, Countrymen‌

Created by: Lim Ming Gih C. sadness D. sympathy Part 2 Fill in the blank with correct word or phrases.

4. Jonathan Rottenberg, an ____________________ and professor of psychology at the University of South Florida mentioned that from an early age, humans know that crying can _____________ anger powerfully.

5. Tears show that humans are ____________. It activates one’s ____________.

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Unit 1: Friends, Countrymen…

Created by: Lim Ming Gih LISTENING

Fill in the blank with correct word or phrases.

__________________ Jalan Perdana

walk ____________ for 250m

reach __________________

turn ___________ at the junction

turn ___________ into Jalan Minyak Beku

The café in on the ___________

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Unit 1: Friends, Countrymen…

Created by: Lim Ming Gih ASSESSMENT Part I 1. Make a simple sentence with all the vocabulary below. identical

preordain

immense

vast

allure

ostracize

clique

banish

traumatize

exploit

indulgent

struggle

ignore

mourner

distress

2. List down all the countable and uncountable nouns in this short passage.

Friendship is a precious bond that has been built carefully. It is a bond that you would never let go easily; you will defend it at all time. It takes a long period to nurture friendship in between one person with another. It is cultivated with much love and care over time. In contrast, there is no friendship when there is no love but only greed and selfishness in human interaction.

A friend is the one who will sacrifice anything for you and yet asking for returns in any form. True friendship is built up from tons of love and concern. This is a long term unconditional love in one’s friendship that can last for a lifetime.

A true friend is the one who will share your joys and troubles. They will feel your excitement when you are on the top of the wheel and doesn’t not leave you suffer in pain alone when you are in trouble. It is heart-warming and comforting to have a real friend. You know you will have a shoulder to weep on if sorrow or failure hits you.

Friendship gives true happiness, because when you have a real friend you have all their love.

Adapted from “Friendship.” http://www.indiacelebrating.com/paragraph/friendship-paragraph/ 19

Unit 1: Friends, Countrymen‌

Created by: Lim Ming Gih

Based on the paragraph above, answers all the question below.

3. Why it needs a longer time to build up friendship?

4. Friendship builds up by long term unconditional love.

T

F

5. From your opinion, suggest 2 ways that could improve friendship.

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Unit 1: Friends, Countrymen…

Created by: Lim Ming Gih SUMMARY

Grammar – Modals

Vocabulary

• Countable Nouns

identical preordain immense vast allure ostracize clique banish traumatize exploit indulgent struggle ignore mourner distress

•

Things that can be counted.

•

Modals could be in singular or plural forms.

•

Examples: pencil or pencils, woman or women, car or cars, etc.

•

In singular form, it comes with articles "a" and "an".

Uncountable Nouns Things that cannot be counted.

•

- Examples: raindrops, hair, floor or wood

Speaking Express own viewpoints: You have to express your own opinion based on 5W1H. Who, When, Why, Where, Which and How

Provide correct instruction: Able to voice out correct direction.

Listening Identify key word and phrases: Focus on particular key word and phrases based on the tracks that have been played (track 1 and 2).

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Unit 2

WILDLIFE WARRIOR FENNY LO NYUK YUN YEAR 2 B. (ED) HONS, TESOL UNIVESITI SAINS MALAYSIA

Created by: Fenny Lo Nyuk Yun

Unit 2: Wildlife Warrior Theme: Environment

Unit 2

Wildlife Warrior

By the end of this unit, students should be able to:

Vocabulary •

Explain the meaning of 8 out of 14 compound words based on the text given.

•

Classify comparative and superlative adjectives. (7 correct answers out of 10 questions).

Grammar

•

Identify the correct comparative form of the adjectives given.

•

Identify the correct superlative form of the adjectives given..

Speaking

•

Voice out opinion on how human activities can harm the wildlife.

•

Voice out opinion on how to prevent the harming of wildlife

Listening •

Understand what the audio is about.

•

Complete the tasks with the help of the audio provided.

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Created by: Fenny Lo Nyuk Yun

Unit 2: Wildlife Warrior

A Crisis Exists for Orangutans While exact orangutan population counts are always a challenge – various estimates put current counts at between 50,000-65,000 orangutans left in the wild – we do know with certainty that 2,000 to 3,000 orangutans are killed every year. At this rate of loss, many experts believe orangutans could be extinct in the wild in less than 50 years.

Never before has their very existence been threatened so severely. Economic crisis combined with natural disasters and human abuse of the forest are pushing one of humankind’s closest cousins to extinction. Orangutans have lost well over 80% of their habitat in the last 20 years, and an estimated one-third of the wild population died during the fires of 1997-98.

As shocking as the rapid loss of rainforests has been over these past few decades, nothing compares to the amount of land being bulldozed by palm oil plantations in the 21st century. Each palm plantation that destroys thousands of hectares in pursuit of massive profits also takes with it the lives of many orangutans. Recent headlines reported how one palm oil firm hunted down orangutans while expanding their cash crop production.

Meanwhile, governmental mandates[1], meant to protect the land and the animals, disappear faster than expected.

Once this species roamed over thousands of miles across the rainforests of Southeast Asia. Today they survive only on the islands of Borneo and Sumatra. Their home is in beautiful, lush[2] rainforest, and shared by many other endangered species, such as tigers, elephants and rhinos. This forest is crossed with large rivers and has the greatest number of species of trees, birds and animals per acre of almost any place in the world. The treasures of this forest are hard to estimate since they are so precious and numerous. Many different species of plants and animals have yet to be discovered there.

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Created by: Fenny Lo Nyuk Yun

Unit 2: Wildlife Warrior

Now even their habitat on the remaining two islands is threatened. This loss of habitat is the result of economic pressures, man’s greed and ignorance and natural disasters. The population of Indonesia has grown from 10 million people at the beginning of the 20th century to well over 240 million people in 2014. The needs of so many people with little landmass[3] are pressingly urgent, allowing little time for planning or care about the environment. People and orangutans need the same alluvial[4] habitat and in a human versus orangutan conflict, the orangutan does not win.

The trade in baby orangutans — though illegal — continues to thrive. Hundreds of infant orangutans are taken from the wild for the pet trade every year. This is done by killing the mother and taking the baby. It is estimated that four to five orangutans die for every baby reaching the market. They can die as a result of injury from falling several hundred feet to the forest floor when their mother was shot, of the trauma of seeing their mother killed and possibly butchered, from contracting diseases from humans (they are susceptible[5] to all human disease), or from succumbing to the poor conditions in which they are often kept following their capture.

Though infant orangutans are extremely cute, they make very bad pets. All wild animals quickly outgrow being dependent, cuddly infants and grow into dangerous and unmanageable, very strong adults, completely unsuitable as pets.

Orangutans may be hunted for food either from ignorance of the law, or in disregard of the law because of hunger and/or poverty. As human settlement encroaches[6] on the forest, often wild orangutans are tempted to eat the fruit in human gardens and farms – this creates conflict and often the orangutans are, somewhat understandably, thought of as pests.

When adult females are killed, the babies can be sold, and the skulls of the dead may be used to create souvenirs that are sold illegally throughout Kalimantan.

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Created by: Fenny Lo Nyuk Yun

Unit 2: Wildlife Warrior

Poor concession[7] management in the past, slash and burn agriculture and illegal logging have all contributed to decreasing rainforest habitat. One area in South Kalimantan reported that 80% of logging that occurred in that area was done illegally. For many of the transmigrants[8] (people relocated from Java to alleviate[9] crowding on the country’s most populated island) agriculture is survival. The poor soils of Borneo cannot produce such crops as are produced on the rich volcanic soils of Java. Therefore to survive, transmigrants may log or use a slash and burn agriculture that the land cannot support because as the population grows, the interval[10] allowed for the forest to recover decreases.

These conditions are further aggravated[11] by periods of extreme weather such as the prolonged El Nino of 2015. Fires raged through East Kalimantan, Indonesia on the Island of Borneo for over 9 months. Smoke from the fires was a health hazard for countries as far away as Singapore and Malaysia. Hundreds of thousands of acres of forest in Kalimantan were destroyed leaving many wild orangutans homeless and desperately seeking refuge in village fruit trees and plantations. These orangutans are not welcome and many have been killed or mutilated[12] or eaten by starving people whose rice crops failed two years consecutively.

Once the fires started, the peat[13] and coal deposits common to the island caused further ignition and escalated[14] the fires.

Adapted from ‘A Crisis Exists for Orangutans’ http://www.orangutan.com/threats-to-orangutans/

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Created by: Fenny Lo Nyuk Yun

Unit 2: Wildlife Warrior Section A: Vocabulary

Words 1. Mandates

Meaning

Example

An official order or

The officer made a

commission to do something.

mandate to seek the release of political prisoners.

2. Lush

Growing luxuriantly.

The hill is full of lush grass in which I hope to lay myself on.

3. Landmass

A large area of land.

The billionaire owns more than 10 percent of the nation’s landmass.

4. Alluvial

Alluvial soils are soils which

The soil,

consist of earth and sand left

mainly alluvial, is

behind on land which has

naturally very fertile,

been flooded or where a river

and wherever

once flowed.

cultivated yields abundant crops, durra being the principal grain grown.

5. Susceptible

Likely to be influenced or

Many young children

harmed by a particular thing.

get the flu vaccine so they will be less susceptible to the virus

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Created by: Fenny Lo Nyuk Yun 6. Encroaches

Unit 2: Wildlife Warrior

Invade someone else's space

My co-worker is

or territory.

always leaning on my desk and trying to encroach upon my personal space.

7. Concession

A privilege granted by a

Since the developer

government, company, et

could not give the

cetera.

landowner his desired concession, he was not able to buy the land for the new subdivision.

8. Transmigrants

9. Alleviate

One in transit through a

The transmigrants stay

country on the way to the

in Malaysia for four

country in which one intends

days before they go to

to settle.

Philippines.

To make something easier to

He put on his

deal with or endure.

sunglasses, which did little to alleviate the headache sunlight gave him.

10. Interval

A space or a period of time

After an interval of

between things.

two years they tried to capture him and failed.

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Created by: Fenny Lo Nyuk Yun 11. Aggravated

Unit 2: Wildlife Warrior

To make worse or more severe.

I left the party early so the noise would not aggravate my headache.

12. Mutilated

To permanently disfigure

The girl wanted to

something, usually by cutting

pierce her ears but her

or removing parts.

old-fashioned grandmother refused to let her mutilate herself, even with a tiny hole

13. Peat

Decayed plant material that

Once the gardener

takes in moisture, or the name

spread peat into the

for the dried version of this

clay dirt, it only took a

material when used as fuel.

matter of days before the plants began to grow.

14. Escalated

To increase quickly, to

If the price of beef

become more serious or to

increases, the cost of a

become worse.

hamburger will escalate.

*Please note that all meanings are given based on the meaning of the root word.

29

Created by: Fenny Lo Nyuk Yun

Unit 2: Wildlife Warrior

Task 1 Fill in the blank with the suitable word. Refer to the word list in Section A.

________ grass.

The _________.

Giving ________.

The time _______.

_________ the leg.

A ________ doll.

Task 2 Using the phrases in Task 1, construct a sentence with correct usage of the phrases.

1.

______________________________________________________________.

2.

______________________________________________________________.

3.

______________________________________________________________.

4.

______________________________________________________________.

5.

______________________________________________________________.

6.

______________________________________________________________.

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Created by: Fenny Lo Nyuk Yun

Unit 2: Wildlife Warrior Section B: Grammar

Comperative and Superlative Adjectives

Comparative Adjectives

Comparative adjectives are used to compare differences between the two objects they modify (shorter, cooler, faster, brighter). They are used in sentences where two nouns are compared, in this pattern:

Noun (subject) + verb + comparative adjective + than + noun (object).

The second item of comparison can be omitted if it is clear from the context (final example below).

Examples: •

My pencil is shorter than the ruler.

•

The library is cooler than my room.

•

She runs faster than the school’s athlete.

•

The colour of my shirt is brighter than Mary’s.

•

Mary and Joseph are both my friends, but I like Mary better. ("than Joseph" is understood)

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Unit 2: Wildlife Warrior

Superlative Adjectives

Superlative adjectives are used to describe an object which is at the upper or lower limit of a quality (the shortest, the coolest, the fastest, the brightest). They are used in sentences where a subject is compared to a group of objects.

Noun (subject) + verb + the + superlative adjective + noun (object).

The group that is being compared with can be omitted if it is clear from the context (final example below).

Examples: •

The 15cm ruler is the shortest one available in this store.

•

The library on that corner is the coolest place in this school.

•

My dog ran the fastest among all the dogs in this neighbourhood.

•

My wife has the brightest smile ever.

Task 3 Fill in the blanks with the correct form of adjectives (comparative or superlative).

1.

The logo on the car is ________ (big) than the label on the cup.

2.

She has the _________ (long) hair in this class.

3.

Mary is __________ (short) than the boys in her class but she is the ________ (tall) among the girls.

4.

Joseph wears the ________ (light) shoes he has for this year’s Sports Day.

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Created by: Fenny Lo Nyuk Yun

Unit 2: Wildlife Warrior

Forming comparative and superlative adjectives.

1.

One syllable adjectives: Comparative → by adding -er Superlative → by adding -est. ✓ If a one-syllable adjective ends in a single vowel letter followed by a single consonant letter, the consonant letter is doubled.

Adjectives big thin

Comparative Bigger thinner

Superlative biggest thinnest

✓ If an adjective ends in -e, this is removed when adding -er/-est, e.g. wide wider/widest.

Adjectives wide strange

Comparative Wider stranger

Superlative widest strangest

✓ If an adjective ends in a consonant followed by -y, -y is replaced by -i when adding -er/-est.

Examples: Adjectives dry

Comparative Drier

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Superlative the driest

Created by: Fenny Lo Nyuk Yun 2.

Unit 2: Wildlife Warrior

Two-syllable adjectives which end in -y:

Comparative → by adding -er Superlative

→ by adding -est

*note the change of -y to -i in the comparative and superlative.

Adjective heavy pretty tidy bump

3.

Comparative Heavier Prettier Tidier bumpier

Superlative the heaviest the prettiest the tidiest bumpiest

Two-syllable adjectives ending in -ed, -ing, -ful, or -less always form the Comparative

→ + more

Superlative

→ + most

Adjective worried tiring careful careless

Comparative more worried more tiring more careful more careless

34

Superlative the most worried the most tiring the most careful the most careless

Created by: Fenny Lo Nyuk Yun 4.

Adjectives which have three or more syllables: Comparative

→ + more

Superlative

→ + most

Adjective dangerous difficult exciting ridiculous

5.

Unit 2: Wildlife Warrior

Comparative more dangerous more difficult more exciting more ridiculous

Superlative the most dangerous the most difficult the most exciting the most ridiculous

The following adjectives have irregular comparative and superlative forms: Adjective good bad far

Comparative Better Worse farther/further

Superlative the best the worst the farthest/furthest

More examples here:

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Unit 2: Wildlife Warrior

Task 4 Complete the table.

Adjectives

Comparative

brilliant useful gigantic handsome fierce still tranquil gentle loud short skinny friendly fat cruel beautiful good excellent perfect lively little bad

36

Superlative

Created by: Fenny Lo Nyuk Yun

Unit 2: Wildlife Warrior Section C: Speaking Stating Opinions

a. In pairs, describe how the picture above can harm the wildlife. b. In a group of 3, discuss how you can help prevent the harming of wildlife.

“The survival of every species of wildlife is critical to preserving our state’s rich biodiversity and unique natural history. Over time, we have altered our landscape to mostly benefit people and our civilization. We cut down forests for agriculture and housing developments, we introduce exotic species, and we change natural processes by releasing pollutants and greenhouse gases. The major threat to wildlife in New Jersey is habitat loss. However, wildlife face a variety of threats that include climate change, invasive/exotic species, pollution, illegal trapping, and accidental deaths.

Source: Threats to Wildlife retrieved from http://www.conservewildlifenj.org/species/threats/

c. Based on the passage above, give a 3-minute speech on ways to prevent save the wildlife whose existence is at risk. You should give at least 3 ways.

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Unit 2: Wildlife Warrior Section D: Listening

Task 5 a.

Listen to the audio and answer the True or False questions below.

1. Brown bears can stand on two legs, walk on the soles of their feet, pick things up with their “fingers”.

True

False

2. Brown bears communicate with each other by making similar sounds.

True

False

3. Brown bear population numbers are currently stable, thus they are not considered a high priority in conservation.

True

False

4. Brown bears act as seed dispersers, helping to sustain their own environment.

True

False

5. Human attempts to prevent brown bears’ interference with things like livestock, crops, water supplies, and garbage bins did not impact brown bears’ population.

True

False

6. Human expansion into the bears’ natural habitat, demonstrate the tension that exists between bears and people.

True

False 38

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Unit 2: Wildlife Warrior

7. WWF works continuously to conserve bear populations and maintain a vital habitat for the bears.

True

False

8. WWF works by joining new partnerships with businesses to ensure that adequate protection is in place.

True

False

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Unit 2: Wildlife Warrior

Task 6 b.

Listen to the audio and fill in the blanks.

Finding love in the wild

Saucy seahorse Shallow tropical and temperate waters, worldwide

Seahorses begin their courtship with an elaborate underwater mating dance. When male and female seahorses meet, they both ____________[1]. The two then twist their tails together and ________________[2] for hours on end. _______[3] seahorses become pregnant and carry the growing offspring rather than the females.

Gallant gentoo penguin Antarctic peninsula and surrounding islands, sub-Antarctic ___________[4]

A real charmer with his bright orange beak and signature waddle, the male Gentoo penguin presents ______________[5] to its mate. The male and female penguin, once paired, will collect stones and plants to ___________[6] together. The two will trade off incubating two eggs for a little more than a month, until the chicks are born.

Boisterous blue-footed booby Western coasts of ________________________[7], and the Galรกpagos Islands 40

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Unit 2: Wildlife Warrior

The blue-footed booby relies on ______________[8] its magnificently coloured webbed feet to attract a female. Spreading its wings and pointing its beak ___________, the male alternately lifts each foot and lets out a whistle—a special dance for its potential mate.

Watch video here:

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Created by: Fenny Lo Nyuk Yun

Unit 2: Wildlife Warrior

Take a break, appreciate the nature.

Retrieved from https://www.familyfriendpoems.com/print/poem/NzY3Nzk=

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Unit 2: Wildlife Warrior

a. Read aloud the given poem. b. Imagine what the writer is trying to portray in the poem and draw out a scenery based on your imagination.

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Created by: Fenny Lo Nyuk Yun

Unit 2: Wildlife Warrior Summary Vocabulary

Mandates

Alluvial

Concession

Lush

Susceptible

Transmigrants

Landmass

Encroaches

Alleviate

Interval

Aggravated

Mutilated

Peat

Escalated

Adjectives

Comparative

Superlative

one-syllable big wide lucky dry

bigger wider luckier drier

biggest widest luckiest driest

heavier more worried

heaviest most worried

more dangerous more careless

most dangerous most careless

better

Best

two-syllable heavy worried three or more syllable dangerous careless Irregular good

44

Unit 3

SPECIAL PEOPLE ASHLEY CHEN KAI YUN YEAR 2 B. (ED) HONS, TESOL UNIVESITI SAINS MALAYSIA

Created by: Ashley Chen

Unit 3: Special People Theme: Health

Unit 3 Special People By the end of this unit, you should be able to: Vocabulary

• •

Answer 8 out of 15 words correctly Identify the synonyms of 8 out of 15 words Grammar

• • •

Identify and differentiate 5 out of 7 adverbs from a text Select 7 out of 10 appropriate adverbs to be fit in the sentences Identify 8 out of 15 most suitable adverbs for different questions Speaking

• •

Read and role-play a situation given Create a situation and role-play Listening

• •

Differentiate 3 out of 5 true and false information based on the audio Rewrite 6 out of 10 missing words based on the audio

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Created by: Ashley Chen

Unit 3: Special People

Read the following article.

Understanding Kids with Autism KLANG: At five, he was unable to speak a word. He could not even call out “mum” or “dad”.

Unlike most toddlers, Sam had echolalia – which could be a sign of communication disorders in autism. He babbled most of the time, and had a glazed look.

When he was not babbling, he would run in circles, presumably “at play” by himself.

Realising her son was different, his mother was desperate for help but did not know what to do.

At the regular kindergarten he went to, Sam was not learning and could not complete the easiest writing exercise. And when his father found out, he caned Sam for being playful.

“Most parents have no idea what is happening to their children,” said Ruth S. Arunasalam, the founder of Ruth Training & Development Academy, as she recalled her early encounters with Sam six years ago.

After a decade conducting extensive research on autism and advocating awareness, Ruth believes parents just need the right understanding and approach to cope with an autistic child.

“It is usually a lack of awareness or denial that makes things difficult for parents, teachers and caregivers,” she said.

“Many times, they just don’t know that a child is showing symptoms of autism. And even when they do, they have no idea how to live with an autistic child.”

A lawyer by training, the mother of two from Kuala Lumpur discovered her passion for autism when she was collecting data as part of the coursework for her Masters in English as a Second Language more than 10 years ago.

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Created by: Ashley Chen

Unit 3: Special People

“One subject called Human Communication Disorder exposed me to various children’s disorders. It inspired me to study further,” says Ruth, who is in her 50s. She founded the academy here earlier this year to help people teach, communicate and deal with autistic children in their daily lives.

“Autistic individuals are trapped in their own world. They are disconnected and oblivious to people and their surroundings. Only when you understand what autism is can you connect the world of an autistic child to ours,” she said.

The word “autism” originates from the Greek word “autos”, which means “self”. It implies that autistic children are inclined to be with themselves as opposed to being connected to the outside world.

“In normal schools, children with this condition already suffer missing links in their developmental order and that is why they cannot function or communicate.

“This is where early intervention is needed to teach the children about instinctive responses, and to communicate,” she said.

Frequently invited by NGOs and corporations to speak on autism, Ruth also lectures on developmental psychology and autism in several institutions of higher learning.

In Sam’s case, Ruth spent hours explaining autism to his mother.

“I am relieved to know that everyone in Sam’s family realised the problem and got involved to help the little boy,” she said.

Sam, who is 11 now, is able to function properly at home. His social skills have improved by leaps and bounds, and he goes to a typical primary school, where he studies and makes friends.

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Unit 3: Special People

Having helped many parents with their autistic children, Ruth said people should recognise the problem instead of thinking that it will go away. “If they think their children are different, they should get a proper assessment.

Developmental psychologists will use the right tools to determine the level of autistic traits,� she said.

Adapted from The Star Online (2017) Understanding Kids With Autism

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Created by: Ashley Chen

Unit 3: Special People Section A:

Word Toddler (noun)

Vocabulary

Meaning

Example

a child who has only recently The toddler wobbled towards his learn to walk

Echolalia (noun)

mother.

the act of repeating everything Someone with echolalia might somebody says, as a result of a only be able to repeat the question mental disorder

Disorder (noun)

rather than answering it.

(medical) an illness that causes a Just like cancer or other illnesses, part

of

the

body

to

stop mental disorders can affect a

functioning correctly Babble (noun)

person's life.

talking that is confused or silly I can’t listen to his constant and is difficult to understand

Desperate (adjective)

needing or wanting something He was so desperate for a job he very much

Extensive (adjective)

Advocate (verb)

babble.

would have done anything.

including or dealing with a wide She has extensive experience in range of information

computers.

to support something publicly

The group does not advocate the use of violence.

Denial (noun)

a refusal to accept that something The patient is still in denial that he unpleasant or painful is true

Caregiver (noun)

has been diagnosed with cancer.

a person who takes care of a sick One of the typical duties of a or old person at home

49

caregiver might include taking

Created by: Ashley Chen

Unit 3: Special People care of someone who has a chronic illness or disease.

Symptoms (noun)

a change in your body or mind Parents should look out for that shows that you are not symptoms of depression from

Oblivious (adjective)

healthy

their children.

not aware of something

You

will

eventually

become

oblivious to the noise.

Inclined (adjective)

tending to do something; likely to She was inclined to trust him. do something

Intervention (noun)

action taken to improve or help a Acupuncture as a therapeutic situation

intervention is widely practiced in the U.S.

Instinctive (adjective)

based on instinct, not thought or My instinctive reaction was to run training

Trait (noun)

from the dog.

a particular quality in your Honesty is a trait that most parents personality

greatly value in their children.

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Unit 3: Special People

Task 1 Refer to the list of words in Section A and fill in the blanks in the following questions.

1. She is really

for that doll that she even paid RM 500 for it.

2. He’ll

on about sports all night if u let him.

3. We should not discriminate people who have mental 4. The young mother is trying to help the 5. An early

to balance himself while walking.

should be taken to help autistic children to speak.

6. If you

an action, you recommend it publicly.

7. Breathing is

because nobody has to teach you how to do it.

8. She shares several character

(s) with her father.

9. Autistic children’s language may develop using 10. I have done

, often repeating words and sentences.

research on the subject.

11. After listening to what you said, I am 12. She shook her head in 13. A

, instead we should love them.

to believe you.

.

provides help to another person in need.

14. They were clearly

to the danger that they were in.

15. Swelling of the ankle is a

of sprain.

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Unit 3: Special People

Task 2 Match the words stated below to the best words that replace them.

oblivious

characteristics

symptom

caretaker

caregiver

chatter

echolalia

refusal

instinctive

infant

denial

sign

intervention

recommend

babble

improvement

inclined

crave

extensive

unaware

trait

likely

advocate

natural

desperate

large-scale

disorder

repetition

toddler

disease

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Created by: Ashley Chen

Unit 3: Special People Section B:

Grammar

Adverbs Basically, most adverbs tell you how, where or when some things are done. In other words, they describe the manner, place or time of an action.

Many adverbs end with –ly. For example, gracefully, happily, beautifully.

However, not all words that end with –ly are adverbs. For example, lonely, lovely, lively.

There are several kinds of adverbs like adverb of manner, time, place, frequency and so on. Let’s take a closer look at the different kinds of adverbs.

An adverb of manner is used to tell us the He left the room quickly. way or how something is done. Adverbs of She plays the piano beautifully. manner are usually placed after the main verb The plane landed safely. or after the object.

It can also be used before the verb.

He quickly left the room.

She easily passed the test.

An adverb of degree is used to give more They are extremely happy. information about the extent of an action or the We are strongly opposed to the idea of degree to which an action is performed.

excessive development.

Some adverbs of degree might not end with

These mangoes are almost ripe.

–ly.

He was too careless.

An adverb of certainty expresses how we

He definitely left the house this morning.

feel about an action or event. Adverbs of

He will probably remember tomorrow.

certainty go before the main verb unless the main verb is ‘to be’, in which case the adverb

Certainly, I will be there.

of certainty goes after.

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Unit 3: Special People John looked around but he couldn’t see the monkey.

An adverb of place tells us where something happens. Adverbs of place are usually placed

Cats don’t usually walk backwards. after the main verb or a sentence’s object.

It can be directional.

I climb up the tree in the garden.

It can refer to distances.

She ran away from the burning bush.

My best friend stays nearby.

It can indicate an object’s position in relation

Even though we stay in the same town, I still feel that we are so far away.

The book is below the table.

to another object.

I parked my car behind yours.

It can indicate movement in a particular

I walked towards his direction.

direction and end in the letters “-ward or –

The balloon drifted upwards.

wards”.

An adverb of frequency tells us how often

The incubator turns each egg hourly.

something happens.

We take a vacation at least once annually.

He always takes the bus.

If the sentence has only one verb, place the adverb of frequency in the middle of the

We seldom see John.

sentence so that it is positioned after the Tom never flies.

subject but before the verb.

If the sentence contains more than one verb,

They have often visited Europe.

place the adverb of frequency before the main

He is often late for work.

verb.

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Unit 3: Special People

Task 3 Read this passage. Then circle the adverbs of manner and adverbs used in the passage and state the kind of adverb used.

It was a beautiful summer afternoon with the sun shining brightly. I excitedly phoned my friends asking them to come over for barbecue.

After making the calls I quickly drove into town to buy some food and drink. When I arrived at the shops I was very surprised at how busy it was. Everyone must have been shopping for a barbecue!

The first butchers I visited had completely run out of sausages. The next shop had some left so I happily bought some. After visiting a few more shops I had finished my shopping. But I was starting to worry as it was already 6 p.m. and I had invited my friends to visit at 6.30 p.m.

I hastily rushed to the car park with all of my shopping and threw it in the boot. Suddenly I noticed that the cars were moving slowly out of the carpark and there was a bit of traffic jam! It was past 6.30 p.m. when I arrived home and I was extremely worried. As I drove into my drive I smiled happily when I saw my friends sitting in my front garden. Luckily they had realized I was stuck at the shops and they waited for me. We had a wonderful barbecue!

Example: Wonderfully

–

adverb of manner

Answers: 1.

-

5.

-

2.

-

6.

-

3.

-

7.

-

4.

-

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Created by: Ashley Chen

Unit 3: Special People

Task 4 Complete the sentences with the best adverb. quickly

easily

suddenly

excitedly

well

slowly

loudly

carelessly

beautifully

finally

1. Come here ____________. You have to see this!

2. We knew that she had got the job when we saw her _________ talking on the phone.

3. He ______________ put the vase on the table. It fell to the floor.

4. Sharon is throwing a party on Saturday. She ___________ finished her PhD. 5. Let’s walk ________________. I don’t want to be the first one at the meeting.

6. Alex _____________ put up the bookshelves. It was too difficult for me to do on my own.

7. Everything happened so ______________. We had to move to California in less than a month.

8. Why does he always have to talk so ____________. You can hear him in the next room!

9. Although she speaks five languages, she did not do ___________ on the translation exam.

10. I was so surprised. His new apartment was _____________ decorated.

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Unit 3: Special People

Task 5 Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.

1. Close the door when you go

.

A. out B. upwards C. lightly D. here

2. Susan

early for class.

A. often is B. are often C. often are D. is often

3. The cat is hiding

the couch.

A. somewhere B. there C. inside D. underneath

4. When she saw me waiting, she ran

me.

A. around B. towards 57

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Unit 3: Special People

C. through D. forward

5. He will

remember tomorrow.

A. always B. through C. probably D. hourly

6. The soldier should

get an award for bravery.

A. certainly B. suddenly C. wonderfully D. extremely

7. When do you

go on vacation each year?

A. always B. never C. ever D. usually

8. Jared

late for work.

A. never is

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Unit 3: Special People

B. is never C. are never D. never are

9. Walk

or you may miss the bus.

A. quickly B. slowly C. personally D. happily

10. Playing music too

can damage your hearing.

A. slowly B. cheerfully C. loudly D. carelessly

11. A tortoise walks

.

A. mostly B. slowly C. happily D. eagerly

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Created by: Ashley Chen 12. Our driveway is

Unit 3: Special People frozen.

A. slowly B. certainly C. above D. completely-

13. We felt

lucky after winning tickets to the World Series.

A. terribly B. incredibly C. suddenly D. beautifully

14. They were

finished.

A. completely B. absolutely C. almost D. hardly

15. He will

give you money.

A. quite B. greatly C. completely D. surely

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Unit 3: Special People Section C:

Speaking

Making Enquires and Placing an Order Task 6 In pairs, read this dialogue and role-play the situation. :

Hi, I’m looking for a book entitled Ten Things Every Child with Autism Wishes You Knew. Do you have it?

Amy :

Just a second, I’ll check online. What is the author’s name?

Ari

:

It’s Ellen Notbohm, an award winning author and also a mother of sons with autism and ADHD. The publisher is Vintage Books.

Amy :

Ah yes, we do have that title but I’m afraid we’re out of stock.

Ari

Oh dear, how disappointing! Could I place and order for it?

Ari

:

Enquiry

Details of author and publisher Place an order

Amy :

Sure. Let me get an order form. Please make sure you give me the details of the book and your name, address and telephone number.

Ari

:

All right. Here is the information. When will I hear from you?

Amy :

It will take about two weeks. We’ll contact the publishers and as soon as the book is available we’ll notify you.

Availability of book

Ari

How much does the book cost?

Enquiry about cost

:

Amy : with

The last copy we sold cost RM60. I’ll have to confirm the price the publishers.

Ari

Wonderful! I’ll look forward to hearing from you.

:

When you order any book, the following information is essential.

• • •

Name of the book and the author Name of the publisher Customer’s particulars – name, address, telephone number

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Enquiry about details of customer

Created by: Ashley Chen

Unit 3: Special People

Task 7 You want to order a book from New Planet bookshop. You make enquiries over the telephone. The sales assistant answers your queries and sends the order through the e-mail.

Use the guideline below to role-play the conversation between the customer and the sales assistant.

• • • • •

Customer Greet and enquire about availability of the book – provide title, author’s and publisher’s names Enquire whether book can be ordered Provide e-mail address Enquire how long it would take to receive the order and mode of payment Thank sales assistant for help and end conversation

62

• •

Sales Assistant Answer positively

•

Answer positively and ask for email address Give appropriate reply

•

End conversation appropriately

Created by: Ashley Chen

Unit 3: Special People Section D:

Listening

Differentiating true and false information Task 8 Listen to a review of the book “Ten Things Every Child with Autism Wishes You Knew� by Ellen Notbohm. As you listen, write TRUE of FALSE in the space provided.

1. There is no updated or expanded edition of this practical guidebook.

2. The reason the person that writes this review is to scold those who look down on autistic children.

3. Ellen Notbohm does not know anything about this topic about autism.

4. For those who are informed about the characteristics of children with autism, they will know what is right to do.

5. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates 1 in 88 children in United States has been identified as having an autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Rewrite information Task 9 Listen to a text from Autism Speaks. As you listen, fill in the blanks. a)

Different combinations of c) and d) influences.

What to do

b)

Causes

1. Appear between age 2 and 3 or as early as e)

months

Interventions or h)

2. Social interaction difficulties

to reduce i)

3. f)

challenges

and increase skills and

4. g)

behaviors

j)

63

.

Created by: Ashley Chen

Unit 3: Special People Assessment

Part 1 Circle the adverbs and underline the verbs that they describe.

1. I almost fell into the drain.

2. Her living room is beautifully decorated.

3. The boys play football outside.

4. Occasionally, my sister and her boyfriend would travel around Malaysia.

5. Can’t you see her? She is just standing beside Jain.

6. She will probably remember to water the plants tomorrow.

7. Oh look! My prince charming is walking towards me.

8. We rarely talk.

9. Thank God that we arrived safely in Penang.

10. I strongly disagree with your statement.

11. I promise that I’ll definitely return this book to you tomorrow.

12. Both of them seldom hold hands in the public.

13. Walk slowly, you might trip and fall.

14. Certainly, she will attend that ball.

15. I place the box under the table.

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Unit 3: Special People

Part 2 Find and circle the words that depicts the meaning stated below. You can refer to the words in Section A. i

n

s

t

i

n

c

t

i

v

e

e

s

d

v

z

e

t

a

r

e

p

s

e

d

y

i

s

a

d

v

o

c

a

t

e

f

b

m

t

n

u

d

e

n

i

a

l

n

f

r

p

u

r

h

o

e

u

r

a

r

o

a

l

t

k

c

a

x

i

n

g

e

h

e

c

h

o

l

a

l

i

a

v

i

r

l

e

g

u

m

p

h

s

y

t

k

i

l

t

d

d

i

s

o

r

d

e

r

u

g

l

c

w

d

s

v

a

g

r

e

l

b

b

a

b

n

q

o

b

e

x

t

e

n

s

i

v

e

o

i

n

t

e

r

v

e

n

t

i

o

n

h

e

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Created by: Ashley Chen

Unit 3: Special People

1. A person who looks after another person.

2. A noticeable change in the body or its functions.

3. Not aware or concerned about what is happening around one.

4. An action to prevent or alter a result.

5. Meaningless repetition of spoken words, usually found in sick people.

6. Rapid and incomprehensible talking.

7. Public recommend or support.

8. Relating to or prompted by instinct 9. A distinguishing quality or characteristic 10. The refusal to acknowledge an unacceptable truth 11. Large in amount or scale 12. A young child who is just beginning to walk.

13. Having a great need or desire for something.

14. An illness that disrupts normal physical or mental functions.

15. Have a tendency to do something.

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Unit 3: Special People SUMMARY Grammar – Adverbs

Vocabulary 1. Toddler 2. Echolalia

Adverbs of manner :

3. Disorder

quickly, beautifully, happily

4. Babble 5. Desperate

Adverbs of degree :

6. Extensive

extremely, strongly, almost

7. Advocate 8. Denial

Adverbs of certainty:

9. Caregiver

absolutely, certainly, surely

10. Symptoms 11. Oblivious

Adverbs of place:

12. Inclined

underneath, below, upwards

13. Intervention 14. Instinctive 15. Trait

Adverbs of frequency: annually, hourly, often

Speaking Making enquiries and placing an order: You have to greet and make enquiries politely and give detailed information.

Listening Differentiating true and false information: Focus and differentiate which statement is true and which is false

Rewrite information: Focus and fill in the missing information

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Unit 4

DARE TO DREAM POHGAWATHI DAVINA A/P DEVEN YEAR 2 B. (ED) HONS, TESOL UNIVESITI SAINS MALAYSIA

Created by: Pohgawathi Davina

Unit 4: Dare to Dream Theme: Values, People

Unit 4 Dare to Dream By the end of this unit, you should be able to: Vocabulary

•

Explain the meaning of 10 out of 15 words based on the text given.

•

Identify the 6 out of 9 antonyms for the given words correctly.

Vocabulary Grammar •

Identify regular verbs.

•

Construct past tense form or present tense form of the given regular verb (base form).

Speaking

•

Justify your answers in a discussion.

•

Construct answers in a persuasive manner by using at least 8 buzz words.

Listening

•

Extract the right answer from the audio.

•

Paraphrase your answer to match to the needs of the questions.

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The Celebrity Scientist: Marie Curie Marie was the youngest of five children. Both her parents, Władysław and Bronisława (née Boguska) Skłodowski, were prominent teachers in their local area. Her father taught physics and mathematics – subjects Marie would later pursue.

Marie’s family was hit hard by the Polish national uprisings that broke out during the 19th century with the aim of restoring Polish independence. Her father was fired by his Russian supervisors for his pro-Polish beliefs, and the family was forced to take in lodgers in order to survive financially.

Marie married Pierre Curie in 1895 and together they had two daughters – Irene, born in 1897, and Eve, born in 1904.

Growing up in Warsaw in the 19th century, Marie displayed an interest in science from an early age. She excelled at boarding school and graduated with a gold medal from a gymnasium – a European form of grammar school – for girls in 1883. Despite not being allowed to attend the University of Warsaw owing to her sex, Marie continued her studies by attending classes at the ‘flying university’ – an underground education movement in Warsaw.

Marie became determined to further her education, and she worked as a governess and a tutor in order to save up the tuition fees. In 1891 Marie moved to Paris, where she studied mathematics and physics at the Sorbonne. Despite having very little money and surviving on a poor diet, Marie completed a degree in physics in 1893. Just a year later, she received her degree in mathematics.

While undertaking her studies in 1894, Marie met Pierre Curie, a professor at the School of Physics and Chemistry. A year later, the couple were married.

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Inspired by German physicist Wilhelm Roentgen’s discovery of x-rays in 1895, and Henri Becquerel’s research into rays produced by uranium salts in 1896, Marie began her research into the properties in uranium. She examined whether these properties were found in other forms of matter.

Sharing an interest in chemistry and physics, Marie and Pierre worked in collaboration to investigate radioactivity, and in 1898 they announced that they had discovered two new chemical elements: polonium and radium. In 1903, owing to the couple’s work into radioactivity with physicist Henri Becquerel, all three were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics.

Marie was devastated when, in 1906, Pierre was killed after being knocked over by a horse and cart. Marie took over Pierre’s teaching post at Sorbonne, becoming the first woman to teach at the college. Affected by her husband’s death, Marie devoted herself to continuing the research that she and Pierre had worked on.

In 1911, Marie was presented with her second Nobel Prize, this time in the field of chemistry for her work in isolating radium. To this day, Marie is the only person to receive two Nobel Prizes in different sciences.

Soon after Marie received her second Nobel Prize, two laboratories were constructed at Sorbonne. In one of the laboratories, Marie led a team of researchers analysing radioactivity, while the other laboratory was used to explore possible cancer treatments.

Following the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, Marie developed a mobile xray unit that could be transported near to the frontline and allow her to analyse soldiers’ injuries. With her 17-year-old daughter, Irene, Marie worked at one of the casualty clearing stations, where they x-rayed men to detect bullets and shrapnel in their wounds, and monitor 71

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fractures. In 1914 the International Red Cross made Marie the head of the radiological service, where she helped to train doctors and medical assistants in the latest techniques.

After the war ended in 1918, Marie returned to her work as the head of a laboratory and in 1919 published her personal account of the war in her book Radiology in War. Marie’s health began to deteriorate during the 1920s. After years of being exposed to radioactive materials and carrying test tubes of radium in her pockets, Marie died of aplastic anemia – a serious blood condition where the bone marrow does not create enough blood cells – on 4 July 1934 at the age of 66.

Marie’s eldest daughter, Irene, went on to become a scientist and, like her mother, won a Nobel Prize for Chemistry. The prize was awarded in 1935 as a result of her work into artificial radioactivity.

Marie Curie’s legacy continues to this day. Numerous research institutions have been named after her, including the Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris. The Marie Curie charity was established in 1948 and continues to provide care for people with terminal illnesses.

Upon the request of the then French President François Mitterrand, Marie and her husband were in 1995 reburied in the Pantheon – the Parisian mausoleum for France’s most honoured dead.

Adapted from “Life of the week: Marie Curie.” https://www.historyextra.com/period/first-world-war/life-of-the-week-marie-curie/

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Unit 4: Dare to Dream Section A: Vocabulary

The following are the words that were highlighted in the passage above along with their meaning and example(s).

1. Prominent (adjective)

Meaning: Important or famous.

E.g.: She was a prominent member of the city council.

2. Uprisings (noun)

Meaning: an act of resistance or rebellion; a revolt.

Example: There was an armed uprising.

3. Governess (noun) Meaning: (especially in former times) a woman employed to teach children in a private household.

E.g.: Madame de Maintenon the widow came into relationship with the king as governess to his illegitimate children.

4. Undertaking (noun) Meaning: The action of undertaking to do something.

E.g.: Buying the company would be a risky undertaking.

5. Properties (noun) Meaning: An attribute, quality, or characteristic of something.

E.g.: The property of heat to expand metal at uniform rates.

6. Collaboration (noun) Meaning: The action of working with someone to produce something.

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E.g.: He wrote a book in collaboration with his son.

7. Devastated (verb) Meaning: Cause (someone) severe and overwhelming shock or grief.

E.g.: She was devastated by the loss of Damian.

8. Devoted (adjective) Meaning: Very loving or loyal.

E.g.: He was a devoted husband.

E.g.: Leo was devoted to his job.

9. Outbreak (noun) Meaning: A sudden occurrence of something unwelcome, such as war or disease.

E.g.: The outbreak of World War II. 10. Frontline (noun) Meaning: The definition of frontline is a person or thing that is a part of a leading position.

E.g.: The frontline soldiers fought the battle with their swords.

11. Shrapnel (noun) Meaning: Fragments of a bomb, shell, or other object thrown out by an explosion.

E.g.: He was killed by flying shrapnel.

12. Deteriorate (verb) Meaning: Become progressively worse.

E.g.: Relations between the countries had deteriorated sharply.

13. Artificial (adjective) 74

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Meaning: Not genuine or natural but made by people.

E.g.: Artificial flowers.

14. Legacy (legacy) Meaning: something such as a tradition or problem that exists as a result of something that happened in the past.

E.g.: The legacy of the war.

15. Mausoleum (noun) Meaning: A stately or impressive building housing a tomb or group of tombs.

E.g.: The cathedral was built in 1517 as a royal mausoleum.

Task 1 The following words are from the passage above, match them with their antonyms. a) Artificial

a) common, ordinary, invisible

b) Treatment

b) little, small, unimportant

c) Collaboration

c) calm, peace, harmony

d) Establish

d) genuine, natural, real

e) Outbreak

e) discourage, dissuade

f) Prominent

f) whole

g) Elements

g) destroy, ruin

h) Numerous

h) disease, injury, harm

i) Inspired

i) disunion, division

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Task 2 The following are quotes by some famous people who dared to dream. Fill in the blanks with the right vocabulary. bearing think

spill

encounter

living

trapped

supposed telling

needs ignore

believe

tells

follow

1. “Only do what your heart ________ you.” – Princess Diana 2. “The people who are crazy enough to ________ they can change the world are the ones who do.” – Steve Jobs 3. “I don’t ________ in regret.” - Angelina Jolie 4. “Terrorism will ________ over if you don't speak up.” - Malala 5. “Your time is limited, so don’t waste it ________ someone else’s life.” -Steve Jobs 6. “We’re all ________ to be different.” - Ellen Degeneres 7. “Don’t be ________ by dogma—which is living with the results of other people’s thinking.” -Steve Jobs 8. “World leaders ________ these issues.” – Malala 9. “________ your passion. Stay true to yourself.” – Ellen Degeneres 10. “This is what I’ve been ________ our world leaders: dream big, make your ambitions bigger.” – Malala 11. “There is no greater agony than ________ an untold story inside you.” – Maya Angelou 12. “We may ________ many defeats, but we must not be defeated.” – Maya Angelou 13. “Everyone ________ to be valued. Everyone has the potential to give something back.”

– Princess Diana.

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Task 3 The following are phrases from the passage entitled The Celebrity Scientist: Marie Curie. What are the meaning of the bold words? Circle the letter of the best answer which suits the context of the phrase.

1. Her father taught physics and mathematics – subjects Marie would later pursue.

a) follow

b) chase

c) continue

2. Marie’s family was hit hard by the Polish national uprisings.

a) slapped

b) broken

c) afflicted

3. The aim of restoring Polish independence.

a) re-establishing

b) mending

c) rescuing

4. Marie displayed an interest in science from an early age.

a) example

b) showed

c) exposed

5. A serious blood condition.

a) significant

b) sincere

c) severe

6. Despite not being allowed to attend the University of Warsaw. a) even though

b) nevertheless

c) however

7. In 1898 they announced that they had discovered two new chemical elements. a) unveiled

b) found

c) came up

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Section B: Grammar - Regular verbs • Verbs are used to show action.

• There are two types of verbs; regular and irregular verbs.

• The verb will change its spelling: - if the subject is singular or plural.

- when different tenses are used.

• Verbs are used to build various tenses. For example, past tense, present tense, simple future tense and perfect tense.

• In subject-verb agreement, regular and irregular verbs change their spelling differently.

• Regular verbs follow fixed rules for changes: - Add ‘s’, ‘es’, or ‘ies’ for singular nouns in the present tense.

- Add ‘d’, ‘ed’, or ‘ied’ for the past tense form.

Present tense form for regular verbs • For most verbs just add -s to the basic form. For an example, share becomes shares.

• For regular verbs that end with a vowel other than e add -es. For an example go becomes goes. Next, for regular verbs that end with -s, -z, -ch, -sh, and -x add -es.

• If the verb ends in a consonant plus -y, change the y to an i before adding –es (hurryhurries). But if the verb ends in a vowel plus -y, just add -s (say-says).

Examples a) Nail

Nails

e) Enjoy

Enjoys

b) Fizz

Fizzes

f) Mix

Mixes

c) Do

Does

g) Munch

Munches

d) Wash

Washes

h) Bury

Buries

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Past tense form for regular verbs • If the basic form of the verb ends in a consonant or a vowel other than e, add the letters ed to the end. For instance, look becomes looked. • For verbs that end in -e, add -d. For instance, love becomes loved. • If the verb ends in a consonant plus -y, change the y to an i before adding -ed. For instance, hurry becomes hurried. But if the verb ends in a vowel plus -y, just add -ed. For instance, play becomes played.

Examples a) Nail

Nailed

e) Fancy

Fancied

b) Dazzle

Dazzled

f) Mix

Mixed

c) Hope

Hoped

g) Munch

Munches

d) Wash

Washed

h) Bury

Buried

Task 4 Complete the following table with its present tense (for singular nouns) and past tense. You may refer to the examples from the notes given.

Words

Present tense

Words

(singular) a) testify

g) supersede

b) supress

h) shelve

c) unify

i) relinquish

d) scour

j) fret

e) sympathize

k) blemish

f) incarcerate

l) provoke

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Past tense

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Unit 4: Dare to Dream

Task 5 The following are quotes by some famous people who dared to dream. Underline the regular verb(s) that you can find from each of the quote below.

1. “I have spread my dreams beneath your feet. Tread softly because you tread on my dreams.” - W.B. Yeats 2. “Always remember, you have within you the strength, the patience, and the passion to reach for the stars to change the world.” - Harriet Tubman 3. “Reach high, for stars lie hidden in your soul.” - Pamela Vaull Starr 4. “The end of wisdom is to dream high enough not to lose the dream in the seeking of it.” - William Faulkner 5. “Hold fast to dreams, for if dreams die, life is a broken winged bird that cannot fly.” Lanston Hughe 6. “You cannot dream yourself into a character: you must hammer and forge yourself into one.” - Henry D. Thoreau 7. “The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.” Eleanor Roosevelt 8. “Commitment

leads

to

action.

Action

brings

your

dream

closer.”

-

Marcia Wieder 9. “Go confidently in the direction of your dreams. Live the life you have imagined.” Henry David Thoreau 10. “So

often

times

it

happens

that

we

And we never even know we have the key.” - Eagles

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live

our

lives

in

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Unit 4: Dare to Dream

Task 6 Highlight the regular verbs that you can find in the four excerpts below.

Excerpt 1 One of the best examples of a person who dared to dream big is Oprah Winfrey.

Oprah was fired from one of her first TV jobs because the producer said that she was “unfit for television.” Oprah Winfrey has gone on to become one of the richest women in the world, and it was all because she dared to dream big.

Excerpt 2 While working a secretarial job, Rowling, now famous for the Harry Potter series of books, was fired because she was spending more time working on the book at work than she was with her secretarial duties. Rowling spent 7 years toiling away at the book, suffered through the death of her mother, a divorce, and living on government assistance. But she dared to dream big and is now the wealthiest author in the world.

Excerpt 3 The founder of KFC, Colonel Sanders, dared to dream big. But it wasn’t until late in his life that he was able to achieve those dreams. The story goes that Sanders, then 65, took to the road after his chicken restaurant was shut down due to a highway impasse project, with a $105 Social Security check and a single chicken recipe to his name. He suffered through 1,009 rejections from restaurants who refused the franchising-model he proposed with his chicken recipe. But it only took one “yes” to eventually make those dreams come true.

Excerpt 4 We all know the name Henry Ford, the founder of the illustrative automotive group, Ford Motor Company. But, we don’t all know the story of this remarkable individual who dared to dream big. You see, Ford’s first company, founded in 1899, went bankrupt. It was later reorganized under a different name, but he ended up walking away due to a dispute with his financial backers. But he didn’t give up. In 1903, his third time was a charm, and it’s now one of the largest and most profitable privately-held companies in the world.

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Unit 4: Dare to Dream Section C: Speaking

Persuasive Speech Persuading is an important skill that you need to learn in the art of persuading others in your group to accept your suggestions and idea. To do that, you must be able to use certain phrases to bring them to act or think in a certain way; to see things your way specifically. Hence, choose your words carefully. In short, persuasion uses language with impact: it is graphic and seeks to create an emotional charge.

Persuasive language can be found in political speeches, film reviews and advertising.

You will find a lot of “buzz words” in advertisements which are meant to influence people and increase sales. Some buzz words in the language of persuasion are: Easy

Delicious

New

Results

Quality

Only (as in “three days left” or “five available”) Improved Hurry

Latest Secure

Come along Immediate

Tested

Good

Safe

Instantly Don’t miss

Help

Create

Unbelievable Join

Discover

Remarkable

You

Better Proven Guaranteed

Read the following excerpt about Danielle Diehl’s role model.

“No human race is superior; no religious faith is inferior. All collective judgments are wrong.”

This is a quote by Elie Wiesel, an author and more importantly, Holocaust survivor. His books, which have become some of my favourite literary works, talk about his life at Auschwitz as a boy. He saw some of his closest friends and family brutalized by the Nazis.

Even in his youth he managed to stay strong, mentally and physically.

Elie Wiesel is my hero because of the strength that he had to endure the pain. Also, the quote above reinforces my belief of equality, based on all factors. He experienced religious prejudice as Jew as some people do for other differences, even now. And in other quotes, he believes that not taking a side and standing up for your beliefs is worse than someone with an opposing opinion. This always makes me think before I quietly observe, like all people should do.

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Task 7 Sit in pairs and answer the following questions. Please give justification for your answers.

1. What is fascinates you? Do you think it will help you build a career?

2. If you could create your ideal job what would it be? Persuade your friend to join you.

3. If you could work with anyone in the world, in any organization, who would be on your team and what would you be working on? Why did you choose that person, and why did you choose that organisation?

4. Do you think hobbies and talents can create prospective jobs in our world today? Why do you say so?

Task 8 Sit in a group of four and choose one role model from the given options. Give justifications from your answers. If you have more than one answer, persuade your friends and reach a consensus. Please use at least 8 buzz words to persuade your friends. Present your answer to your classmates after 15 minutes. a) Mother Teresa b) Princess Diana c) Malala Yousafzai d) Angelina Jolie

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Unit 4: Dare to Dream Section D: Listening

Task 9 Listen to the audio and answer the following questions. For question 1 and 2, write your answers in not more than three words.

1. Before being released, Mandela had been kept in jail _________________________.

2. Mandela has remained an inspiration to all those who were _________________________.

1964 →

3. ________________________________________________________

Released from prison.

1990 →

.

4 ___________________________________________________ 1991 Mandela elected as president of ANC. 5. ____________________________________________________

1993 → 6. ________________________________________________________

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Task 10 Listen to the audio on the life of Mother Teresa and answer the following questions.

1. Mother Teresa was an _________________ national. a) American

b) Albanian

c) Norwegian

2. What was Mother Teresa trained to become before she came to India? a) A nun

b) A nurse

c) A missionary officer

3. What was the main aim of ‘The Missionaries of Charity’? a) To finance the organization for the poor b) To register all the needy and poor people in the world c) To provide for those who had been neglected and rejected d) To provide food and shelter to those who worked for charity.

4. Mother Teresa received the Nobel Peace Prize for a) her contributions to the church b) her work as a missionary of peace c) the work she had done to provide homes for the unfortunate d) the amount of money she had raised to build homes in all parts of the world.

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Unit 4: Dare to Dream ASSESSMENT

Fill in the blanks with the correct tense form of the regular verbs in bracket.

Emma Watson is a British actress and model born in 1990, who is best known for her ten-year 1. __________ (stint) as Hermione Granger in the eight Harry Potter movies. Born in Paris, France to a pair of now-divorced British lawyers, she made a reported US$15 million for playing Granger in each of the last two Harry Potter films.

Watson is one of several women in the arts who have 2. __________ (leverage) their high-profile status to 3. __________ (bring) women's rights issues to the public eye.

In 2014, Watson was 4. __________ (name) a U.N. Women Goodwill Ambassador by the United Nations, a program that actively 5. __________ (involve) prominent personalities in the fields of arts and sports to 6. __________ (promote) U.N. programs. Her role is to 7. __________ (serve) as an advocate for U.N. Women's gender equality campaign known as HeForShe.

The speech at the United National was part of her official role as U.N. Women Goodwill Ambassador. Below is a part of her thirteen-minute speech:

Today we are launching a campaign called HeForShe. I am reaching out to you because we 8. __________ (need) your help. We want to 9. __________ (end) gender inequality, and to do this, we 10. __________ (need) everyone 11. __________ (involve). This is the first campaign of its kind at the UN. We want to 12. __________ (try) to mobilize as many men and boys as possible to be advocates for change. And, we don’t just want to talk about it. We want to try and make sure that it’s tangible.

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I was 13. __________ (appoint) as Goodwill Ambassador for UN Women six months ago. And, the more I spoke about feminism, the more I 14. __________ (realize) that fighting for women’s rights has too often become synonymous with man-hating. If there is one thing I know for certain, it is that this has to stop.

For the record, feminism by definition is the belief that men and women should have equal rights and opportunities. It is the theory of political, economic and social equality of the sexes.

I started questioning gender-based assumptions a long time ago. When I was 8, I was 15. __________ (confuse) for being called bossy because I wanted to 16. __________ (direct) the plays that we would put on for our parents, but the boys were not. When at 14, I 17. __________ (start) to be sexualized by certain elements of the media. When at 15, my girlfriends 18. __________ (start) dropping out of sports teams because they didn’t 19. __________ (want) to appear muscly. When at 18, my male friends were unable to express their feelings.

I 20. __________ (decide) that I was a feminist, and this seemed uncomplicated to me.

But my recent 21. __________ (research) has shown me that feminism has become an unpopular word. Women are choosing not to identify as feminists. Apparently, I’m among the ranks of women whose expressions are seen as too strong, too aggressive, isolating, and antimen. Unattractive, even.

Why has the word become such an uncomfortable one? I am from Britain, and I think it is right I am paid the same as my male counterparts. I think it is right that I should be able to make decisions about my own body. I think it is right that women be 22. __________ (involve)

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on my behalf in the policies and decisions that will affect my life. I think it is right that socially, I am 23. __________ (afford) the same respect as men.

But sadly, I can say that there is no one country in the world where all women can 24. __________ (expect) to see these rights. No country in the world can yet say that they 25. __________ (achieve) gender equality. These rights, I 26. __________ (consider) to be human rights, but I am one of the lucky ones.

My life is a sheer privilege because my parents didn’t 27. __________ (love) me less because I was born a daughter. My school did not 28. __________ (limit) me because I was a girl. My mentors didn't 29. __________ (assume) that I would go less far because I might give birth to a child one day. These 30. __________ (influence) were the gender equality ambassadors that made me who I am today. They may not 31. __________ (know) it, but they are the inadvertent feminists that are changing the world today. We 32. __________ (need) more of those.

And if you still 33. __________ (hate) the word, it is not the word that is important. It’s the idea and the ambition behind it, because not all women have 34. __________ (receive) the same rights I have. In fact, statistically, very few have.

Adapted from “Emma Watson’s 2014 Speech on Gender Equality.” https://www.thoughtco.com/transcript-of-emma-watsons-speech-on-gender-equality-3026200

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Unit 4: Dare to Dream SUMMARY Grammar – Regular Verbs

Vocabulary 1. Prominent

9. Outbreak

2. Uprisings

10. Frontline

3. Governess

11. Shrapnel

4. Undertaking

12. Deteriorate

5. Properties

13. Artificial

6. Collaboration

14. Legacy

7. Devastated

15. Numerous

8. Devoted

16. Mausoleum

Present tense • Add ‘s’, ‘es’, or ‘ies’ for singular nouns in the present tense.

• E.g.: share – shares say – says go – goes try – tries Past Tense • •

Speaking

Add ‘d’, ‘ed’, or ‘ied’ for the past tense form.

E.g.: love - loved look – looked play – played hurry - hurried

Persuasive Speech • Persuading peers to accept your suggestion and ideas.

• To do that, one must use phrases that are graphic and seeks to create an emotional charge.

• Political speeches, film reviews, and advertising are examples of persuasive speech.

• Buzz words in the language of persuasion are:

Listening • Extracting information from the audio.

• Paraphrasing ideas to suit the needs of the sentence.

• Drawing conclusion based on the audio.

easy, delicious, quality, results, new, you, only, instantly, improved, latest, tested, help, don’t miss, hurry, secure, unbelievable, create, better, come along, good, safe, join, proven, immediate, remarkable, discover, guaranteed.

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Unit 5

FUTURE GAZING OOI HUI JOY YEAR 2 B. (ED) HONS, TESOL UNIVESITI SAINS MALAYSIA

Created by: Ooi Hui Joy

Unit 5: Future Gazing Theme: Science and Technology

Unit 5 Future Gazing

By the end of this unit, you should be able to: Vocabulary •

Explain the meaning of 8 out of 15 words based on the text given.

•

Identify the synonyms of 8 out of 15 words.

Grammar

•

Differentiate between coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions and correlative conjunctions.

•

Select the appropriate conjunctions to be fit in 7 out of 13 sentences.

Speaking •

State and justify points of view in a discussion.

•

Express cause-effect relationships in a discussion.

Listening

•

Draw conclusions from information that is inferred.

•

Sort out the relevant information of 5 out of 10 questions based on the audio listened to.

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Unit 5: Future Gazing

The designers are helping us embrace robots.

Machines are talking about you behind your back.

So reads a notice on the wall at Hello, Robot: Design Between Human and Machine – an exhibition which could change the way you think about automatons[1].

Like all the best exhibitions, visitors are likely to still be thinking about it months, maybe even years from now. It is not merely science fiction. It is about the here and now.

“In recent years, robotics has found its way into our everyday lives, changing them in fundamental ways,” reads the introduction to the show. “Design has a central role to play in this process, for it is designers who shape the interfaces between humans and machines.”

“The debate about artificial intelligence has oscillated between utopian and dystopian[2] visions, between the hope of a better, technologically advanced world and the fear of disempowerment. In this context, we are once again confronted with the question of the designer’s responsibility.”

Attitudes to artificial life and intelligence have always oscillated between fear and fascination. Cinema has played a crucial role in shaping our shifting attitude to robots. Much of the fiction including robots portrays them as mutinous[3] or catastrophic[4] creations; it is easy to understand why we might be wary of the next robot frontier.

As the Hello, Robot exhibition shows, today’s robots do not always look human, but they can still perform all sorts of human functions. From drones to smartphones,

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from Apple’s Siri to Amazon’s Alexa, robots are already doing a lot of the things we can do, except now they are often doing them better.

But what are the considerations when it comes to their design? The functional capabilities and societal implications of a robot designed to be in the home quickly become irrelevant if it transpires[5] that nobody wants to buy it, let alone look at it or interact with it.

Like cars and trains and washing machines, robots are not just scientific – they are aesthetic creations, too. As with any other gizmo[6], they are at the mercy of designers, who strive to make them not just more efficient but more attractive and appealing with every iteration[7]. “It is in essence a design issue,” says Fredo de Smet, one of the show’s curators[8]. “Design has an essential role in the way we embrace technology in our future society.”

One exhibit in the show includes a robotic arm that can feed a child a bottle.

The arm comes with a fuzzy dragon suit to conceal[9] its machinery and a “kill switch”, should parents want to immediately shut down the robotics in their child’s nursery.

The conclusion of this engrossing[10], disconcerting[11] show is that humans and robots are already merging, and the idea of humanity and technology as two separate entities will eventually become obsolete[12]. Humans have created mechanical add-ons since the first armour and spectacles were invented. Now we are creating exoskeletons to enhance our natural capabilities and putting and implanting chips beneath our skin that double as keys and passcodes.

But if we are to embrace robotics to such an extreme that it becomes part of our own selves, the role of the designer in helping us get to that point will become more and more important. The challenge for designers is to create robots we want to live with – androids that seem like friends, not foes. We have already learned to love our

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smartphones. Now designers are getting started on every other aspect of our future lives: Anouk Wipprecht has designed a robotic “Spider Dress” which protects your personal space; Leka is a new smart toy that reacts to touch, voice and movement.

The technology behind these inventions is impressive, but it is good design that makes them desirable. Wipprecht’s “Spider Dress” looks stunning – Leka is cute and lovable, a transparent ball with big bug eyes. It is not enough to give the public a device that will improve their daily lives. It has to be a thing of beauty, too.

Robots are already smarter than we are – bad design is the only thing that held them back. It is now 20 years since IBM’s Deep Blue computer defeated world chess champion Garry Kasparov. The one thing that is still missing is the pleasure of human contact. Once designers can replicate[13] the sensation of playing against another human being, the triumph[14] of the robots will be complete.

Designers began by assuming that robots would have to mimic[15] the human body. It has taken the best part of a century for designers to realise that robots do not need to seem human to share our world. On the contrary, they need to fade into the background, and become part of the furniture. Today’s robots still seem like machines pretending to be humans.

The really scary thing about tomorrow’s robots is, you probably won’t even know they are there.

Adapted from “The designers are helping us embrace robots.” http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20180215-the-designers-helping-us-embrace-robots

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Unit 5: Future Gazing Section A: Vocabulary

Word automatons

Meaning

Example

a machine that operates on its own I was what the materialists without the need of human control

declared a human to be, an automaton.

utopian

an imaginary perfect world where Star Trek imagined everyone is happy

utopian boldly

society goes

a

that

into

the

cosmos in the search for understanding.

dystopian

an imaginary place where life is This movie is about a extremely difficult and a lot of unfair family and immoral things happen

in

a

dystopian populated

future world

by

violent

creatures. mutinous

an occasion when a group of people, The revolution itself had especially soldiers, refuses to obey been carried out mainly by orders

catastrophic

mutinous soldiers.

causing a lot of destruction, suffering, The failure of the talks or death

could have catastrophic consequences.

transpires

to take place, to occur, to happen

I am going to find out exactly what transpired.

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Unit 5: Future Gazing

a small piece of equipment – used Children that are used to when you cannot remember or do not computer know its correct name

games

will

enjoy this, but the gizmos will soon seem out of date.

iteration

the process of doing something again This software is on its fifth and again, usually to improve it, or iteration. one of the times you do it

curators

a person in charge of a museum, Let me introduce you to library, or zoo

Mr. Lee, the curator of this museum.

conceal

engrossing

to prevent something from being seen She could barely conceal or known about

her anger.

very interesting and needing all your

I

attention.

completely

found

the

movie

engrossing

from beginning to end. disconcerting

to make someone feel suddenly The teacher asked Shin a uncertain and worried

few

disconcerting

questions. obsolete

not in use anymore, having been Gas

lamps

replaced by something newer and obsolete better or more fashionable replicate

when

became electric

lighting was invented.

to make or do something again Researchers tried many in exactly the same way

times to replicate the original experiment.

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a very great success, or achievement, He returned in triumph or a feeling of great satisfaction

from the sales with a halfprice TV.

mimic

to copy the way in which a particular The test mimics what person usually speaks or moves

happens when a vehicle collides vehicle.

*Please note that the meanings are given based on the meaning of the root word.

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with

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Task 1 Fill in each blank with a suitable word. Refer to the word list in Section A.

1. A parrot can __________ a person’s voice.

2. The company was trying to stay in the forefront of their industry by replacing all of their old and __________ equipment.

3. Maybe he was trying to protect her, but more likely he was simply trying to __________ the problem.

4. I strongly recommend this book because it is the most __________ among all.

5. I believe that sooner or later good must __________ over evil.

6. An unchecked increase in the use of fossils fuels could have __________ results for the planet.

7. The store is full of gadgets and __________ like pagers and cellular telephones.

8. During the war, the __________ soldier attacked his commanding officer.

9. I could not shake the __________ feeling that I was being watched.

10. Without any human’s control, the __________ move in the room, and they soon discover how to open the door.

11. A scientific test process repeated for a second time is an example of a second __________.

12. No one is willing to predict what may __________ at the latest conference.

13. My teacher told me that a blissful __________ community was the opposite of __________ world, where people are unhappy.

14. Chromosomes __________ before cells divide and multiply.

15. He finally became the __________ of the state library.

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Task 2 Match the words below to their respective synonym or to the word that has the closest meaning. transpire

administrator

conceal

outdated

automaton

disturbing

gizmo

imitate

engrossing

antiutopian

triumph

machine

mutinous

clone

replicate

idealistic

iteration

happen

mimic

gadget

disconcerting

victory

dystopian

disastrous

curator

interesting

obsolete

rebellious

utopian

repetition

catastrophic

hide

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Unit 5: Future Gazing Section B: Grammar Conjunctions

Conjunctions are linking words. There are three basic types of conjunctions: coordinating

conjunctions,

subordinating

conjunctions

and

correlative

conjunctions.

Part I: Coordinating conjunctions Coordinating conjunctions are used to join words, phrases and clauses together, which are usually grammatically equal. “FANBOYS� is the mnemonic for coordinating conjunctions.

Conjunction

Meaning

Example

for

because

She wants to become a scientist one day, for her aspiration is to invent a time machine.

and

in addition to

This smartphone has an expansive 6-inch display that is decent for gaming and video playback.

nor

and not

Plants could not live without water, nor could human.

but

however

The Apple Pencil is the best stylus for the sixth gen iPad and iPad Pro, but its design could use an upgrade.

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either

We could use the money to buy a telescope, or we could use the money to fund the science project.

yet

but

Conducting an experiment can be very interesting, yet it can be very exhausting.

so

therefore

It is very dangerous to switch on the light with wet hands, so you must make sure your hands are dry before doing it.

Part II: Subordinating conjunctions Subordinating conjunctions join dependent and independent clauses. Some common subordinating conjunctions are such as: Word if

Meaning introducing conditional

Example a If you need any assistance for your research project, please call Mr. Rahim.

clause while

during the time You should wear safety goggles to protect your that; although

although

despite the fact She decided to continue the dissection, that, but

until

once

eyes while heating substances.

although she felt nauseous.

up to the time The prototype would not be ready until that

tomorrow.

as soon as

Once I have reached the lab, I will send you the address.

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Unit 5: Future Gazing

except if

Students are not allowed to handle these chemicals unless they are under the supervision of a teacher.

before

at or during a You should leave your work station clean time earlier than before leaving the laboratory. the

thing

mentioned

Part III: Correlative conjunctions Correlative conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions that work together. Some common correlative conjunctions are such as: Word either… or

Purpose to

join

Example two We can either build a wind gauge or create a

positive options neither… nor

to

join

two When it comes to sciences, I like neither

negative options not only… but also

two items belong five

blood

chemistry

analysers

in

the

laboratory.

to join two equal Both Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison are items together

whether… or

chemistry nor biology.

to emphasize tat There are not only ten microscopes, but also

in a pair both… and

mini rocket boat for our science fair project.

great inventors.

to pair up two Whether it is sunny out or raining, we are still options

going to investigate that place.

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Task 3 Choose the most suitable answer and write it in the space provided. for

or

while

unless

not only… but also

and

yet

although

before

both… and

nor

so

until

either… or

whether… or

but

if

once

neither… nor

1. __________ I do not agree with him sometimes, I think he is the smartest boy in our class.

2. She is ________ diligent, __________ talented.

3. __________ disturbed, the bid may abandon the nest, leaving the chicks to die.

4. You should not drink ________ you are pregnant!

5. Strangely the house of that billionaire is ________ big ________ beautiful.

6. This is a simple __________ effective plan for us to solve the problem.

7. __________ William __________ Dustin did not come to school today.

8. She cried out loud, __________ her love has long gone and will never come back.

9. __________ we make a final decision, do you want to express your opinion or say anything else?

10. That loud sound was ________ a firework __________ a gunshot.

11. He did not study for the test, __________ he failed the test.

12. __________ the dress is expensive __________ not, I am still going to buy it.

13. You will be sick __________ you live a healthy lifestyle.

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Unit 5: Future Gazing Section C: Speaking

Stating and Justifying Points of View Justifying a viewpoint means giving valid reasons to support and substantiate your stand or opinion. You have to present facts, examples, elaboration and explanation to strengthen your arguments.

Task 4 Role-play the following dialogue with a partner.

BADRI: What does that mean?

BADRI: Do you think everybody should be trained to use computers?

DIVYA: That is an interesting question, because in a sense most of us are already using them. Whenever we program our washing machines to work in a certain way, we are using computer circuitry.

BADRI: But I am talking about desktop PCs. DIVYA: That is the technology which is popular at present, but it is difficult to predict what we will be using in the next few years.

BADRI: Yes, that is true. The 1990s will be remembered for much more powerful computers, CD-ROM, much better printers and scanners at affordable prices. Yet, computers are still not very user-friendly even with the latest version of Windows. Moreover, there is the problem of everybody developing square eyes.

DIVYA: You are right.

BADRI: How do you think things will improve?

DIVYA: Well, you may have noticed that screens are getting bigger. We will soon have flat screens - the big screen in your living room which could cover a whole wall.

BADRI: Why would you want anything as big as that?

DIVYA: Firstly, digital television and video will use this space. There will be no need for any blackout. You will be able to open windows of any size depending on the distance you want to be from the screen. Keyboards will be portable and of course you will have the option of voice control.

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DIVYA: You will literally be able to talk to the wall, to recite a shopping list, for example. What you say will appear as text on the wall. Your computer will be able to search the local supermarkets for the items you have listed, you will be given information about quality and price and may even see pictures of what is available. Then you will fill in an order form and the items will be delivered to your door the next day.

BADRI: Surely, the technology for all this is not going to be very user-friendly.

DIVYA: On the contrary. There will be different levels of userfriendliness for different users. Shopping by computer need not be any more difficult than operating a cassette player.

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Task 5 In pairs, take turns in giving your opinion about the following and justify your answer.

1. Technology has made people lazy.

2. Modern inventions encourage and induce unhealthy lifestyle.

3. Today’s generation has a better and more convenient life than the older generation.

Expressing Cause-Effect Relationships Cause and effect is a common method of organizing and discussing ideas. Cause and effect is concerned with why things happen (causes) and what happens as a result (effects).

To identify the causes, ask:

To evaluate the effects, ask:

Why did this happen?

What happened because of this?

Task 6 In pairs, take turns to discuss the following.

1. People nowadays prefer to shop online, why?

2. Can watching too much reality shows be harmful to teenagers?

3. Does IT make teaching in remote areas easier?

4. What causes people to participate in cyberbullying?

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Unit 5: Future Gazing Section D: Listening Drawing Conclusions

Conclusions are drawn through logical reasoning based on available facts and evidence.

After listening to text, you may synthesise the information and draw a conclusion.

How to improve science education?

I think that the thing science educators have to do is teach one important lesson: that real science happens when you are really immersed in a question.

Nowadays, a lot of teaching is just about setting up these little projects.

I am not talking about general science literacy, which is one thing. I am talking about science education aimed at developing a new generation of scientists, which is something else. The way we teach it now, with an hour of instruction here and a laboratory class there, it does not allow for what has been my experience: that immersion is the essence of scientific discovery. Science just is not something you can do in one-hour-and-a-half bits. Digging deep is what makes people actually productive.

Write your answer in not more than three words.

Example: “Science requires immersion” is the idea that needed to be built into the curriculum to improve science education.

Task 7 Answer the questions as you listen. Write your answer in not more than three words.

1. In-Vitro Fertilization is also known as the _______________.

2. The fertilized egg is then returned to the mother’s uterus for _______________.

3. The _______________ was born in Britain in 1976.

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Task 8 Part I Answer the questions as you listen. Write your answer in not more than three words.

1. A _______________ is AdSense from the famous search engine, Google.

2. Website owners can _______________ by placing discreet ads on their sites.

3. AdSense is very _______________ to initiate and maintain.

Part II Answer the questions as you listen. Circle the correct answer.

4. AdSense may not be beneficial to I

Website owners

III

Customers

II

Advertisers

IV

Investors

A. I and II

C. III only

B. II and III

D. IV only

5. Website owners can use AdSense to A. advertise products and goods on their site.

B. attract potential investors to put money into their site.

C. earn extra income by displaying discreet ads on their site.

D. draw attention of the customers when browsing their site.

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Part III Answer the questions as you listen. Write your answer in not more than five words.

Steps in Implementing AdSense

Step 1 6. ___________ for free.

Step 2 7. Add a __________ each page to display the ads.

Step 3 8. Google ___________ on your site.

Step 4 9. Customize ___________ of the ads.

Step 5 10. Log in ___________ of your account.

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Unit 5: Future Gazing ASSESSMENT

Part I Fill in the blanks with the correct conjunctions.

1. I will only pay you __________ you complete your work.

2. I am not leaving __________ you apologize for what you did.

3. This game is suitable for __________ children __________ adults.

4. __________ I was waiting for my food to be served, I replied the emails.

5. Hua Yu could not play basketball __________ he had sprained his ankle.

6. You can __________ go to London __________ New York City to further your study.

7. __________ he went to sleep, he turned off the television.

8. She was very tired, __________ she decided to rest for a while.

9. __________ Ranjit __________ Mustafa could solve this mathematics question.

10. He scored well in the exams __________ he did not come to class for weeks.

Part II Write the correct word based on the definition stated. Refer to the word list in Section A. Definition

Word

11. causing very great trouble or destruction 12. taking up the attention completely 13. to hide something 14. no longer in use or no longer useful

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15. make exact copies of something 16. to behave, dress, speak, or move in a way that is intended to be like someone else 17. any small device with a particular purpose 18. a mechanism that is relatively self-operating 19. the person in charge of a museum and art collection 20. a significant success or noteworthy achievement

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Unit 5: Future Gazing SUMMARY Grammar - Conjunctions

Vocabulary

Coordinating conjunctions:

1) automaton 2) utopian and dystopian 3) mutinous 4) catastrophic 5) transpire 6) gizmo 7) iteration 8) curator 9) conceal 10) engrossing 11) disconcerting 12) obsolete 13) replicate 14) triumph 15) mimic

[FANBOYS] for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so

Subordinating conjunctions: if, while, although, until, once, unless, before

Correlative conjunctions: either… or, neither… nor, not only… but also, both… and, whether… or

Speaking Stating and justifying viewpoints: You have to present facts, examples, elaboration and explanation to strengthen your arguments.

Expressing cause-effect relationships: Ask “why did this happen?” to identify the causes. Ask “what happened because of this?” to evaluate the effects.

Listening Drawing conclusions: Conclusion should be drawn through logical reasoning and synthesis of information based on the available facts and evidence.

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CD Script You may access all the audio files here: https://pinup.com/rJTrevbaG

Track 1 Tears are relevant to human nature. Humans are the only creatures whose tears can be triggered by their feelings. Tears can be used as a tool to express one’s internal feelings. In a joyful situation, people laugh in tears. When we are exasperated, we cry.

At another moment, a person burst out crying sorrowfully. Crying allows us to have enough time to sink in. It appears to have interpersonal benefits. The release, tears able to neutralize anger and connect to the people around us.

Jonathan Rottenberg, an emotion researcher and professor of psychology at the University of South Florida mentioned that from an early age, humans know that crying can neutralize anger powerfully. For this reason, he inclines to the view that tears are so integral to quarrels between lovers, particularly when someone feels guilty and need the opposite to forgive. Tearless people tend to experience more negative and aggressive feelings than people who cried. Rage, anger and disgust hits them easily.

Moreover, we cry in order to bring about a connection with others. New research indicates that tears appear to elicit a response in other people that mere distress does not. Tears show that humans are vulnerable. It activates one’s compassion. Sympathy forms a connection between us. A behavioural neurologist at University College London, Michael Trimble found that the same neuronal areas of the brain are activated by seeing someone emotionally aroused as being emotionally aroused oneself. Tears are contagious.

Tears make humans a unique species. Crying is a combination of personal feelings and physiological process. A range of feelings make us cry. We shed tears from empathy and surprise, to anger and grief. Crying is effective for us to recover from negative emotions. Tears are a signal that others can see. We cry because we need each other.

Track 2 Hi, Jonathan! Welcome to my hometown, Johore. Let me brief you about our destination for today trip. It is just a stone throw from my house. First, you need to walk along Jalan Perdana. About 250m of walking distance, you will reach a T- junction.

Turn left at the junction and turn right into Jalan Minyak Beku. The café we are visiting today is on your right!

Track 3 Few animals have captured the imagination like brown bears. They can stand on two legs, walk on the soles of their feet, pick things up with their “fingers,” and often eat what we eat. This—coupled with their ability to communicate with one another through scratch marks left on trees, smells and sounds— establishes a similarity to our 112

CD Script own way of life. Some of the largest living carnivores, brown bears have fallen prey to hunting and other conflicts with humans.

While brown bear population numbers are currently stable, they are considered a high priority in conservation. Given their dependence on large natural areas, brown bears are important management indicators for a number of other wildlife species.

Brown bears also play important roles as predators who keep other animal populations in check. Additionally, they act as seed dispersers, helping to sustain their own environment.

Human expansion into the bears’ natural habitat, as well as instances where brown bears are considered nuisances, demonstrate the tension that exists between bears and people. Logging, mining, road construction, and other development— coupled with human attempts to prevent brown bears’ interference with things like livestock, crops, water supplies, and garbage bins—all impact this animal population.

WWF works continuously to conserve bear populations and maintain a vital habitat for the bears. This includes forging new partnerships with businesses to ensure that adequate protection is in place.

Track 4 Finding love in the wild Finding a partner in the wild isn’t always easy. Many species—particularly male birds—go out of their way to perform elaborate rituals to attract a mate. From the underwater dance of seahorses to the enthusiastic leg-lifts of the peacock spider, the animal kingdom is full of quirky and intriguing methods to impress the opposite sex.

WWF works to protect the habitats of these species and learn more about what makes them tick.

Saucy seahorse Shallow tropical and temperate waters, worldwide Seahorses begin their courtship with an elaborate underwater mating dance. When male and female seahorses meet, they both brighten in colour. The two then twist their tails together and swim in circles for hours on end. Male seahorses become pregnant and carry the growing offspring rather than the females.

Gallant gentoo penguin Antarctic peninsula and surrounding islands, and sub-Antarctic islands A real charmer with his bright orange beak and signature waddle, the male Gentoo penguin presents a gift of a stone to its mate. The male and female penguin, once paired, will collect stones and plants to create a nest together. The two will trade off incubating two eggs for a little more than a month, until the chicks are born.

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CD Script Boisterous blue-footed booby Western coasts of Central and South America, and the Galápagos Islands The blue-footed booby relies on flashing its magnificently colored webbed feet to attract a female. Spreading its wings and pointing its beak skyward, the male alternately lifts each foot and lets out a whistle—a special dance for its potential mate.

Track 5 From the moment I first opened Ten Things Every Child with Autism Wishes You Knew: Updated and Expanded Edition by Ellen Notbohm, every time I read yet another gem of advice I would ask myself, “What on earth happens to children with autism growing up with families, teachers, other caregivers, and friends who do not know this?” Ellen Notbohm is knowledgeable about her topic and is a skilled wordsmith to get her points across. She wrote this practical guidebook not only once in 2004 but in 2012 we have an updated and expanded edition.

My role in all this is to write a review that will convince folks intertwined with the autism community someway or other that they must make time to read Ten Things Every Child with Autism Wishes You Knew. By being better informed about the characteristics of children with autism it will empower them to do what is right for their child/student and their family. This book helps everyone understand the needs and the potential of every child with autism.

Those of you who do not think such a book applies to you, you are mistaken.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates 1 in 88 children in United States has been identified as having an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Not a day should go by that we do not interact with an individual or a family with a child with autism. We should all know more about autism spectrum disorder; therefore, I highly recommend reading Ten Things Every Child with Autism Wishes You Knew.

Track 6 Autism, or autism spectrum disorder, refers to a range of conditions characterized by challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviors, speech and nonverbal communication, as well as by unique strengths and differences. We now know that there is not one autism but many types, caused by different combinations of genetic and environmental influences.

The term “spectrum” reflects the wide variation in challenges and strengths possessed by each person with autism.

Autism’s most-obvious signs tend to appear between 2 and 3 years of age. In some cases, it can be diagnosed as early as 18 months. Some developmental delays associated with autism can be identified and addressed even earlier. Autism Speaks urges parents with concerns to seek evaluation without delay, as early intervention can improve outcomes.

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CD Script Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by social-interaction difficulties, communication challenges and a tendency to engage in repetitive behaviors.

However, symptoms and their severity vary widely across these three core areas. Taken together, they may result in relatively mild challenges for someone on the high functioning end of the autism spectrum. For others, symptoms may be more severe, as when repetitive behaviors and lack of spoken language interfere with everyday life.

While autism is usually a life-long condition, all children and adults benefit from interventions, or therapies, that can reduce symptoms and increase skills and abilities. Although it is best to begin intervention as soon as possible, the benefits of therapy can continue throughout life.

Track 7 Released on 11 February 1990, Mandela who was imprisoned for 26 years plunged wholeheartedly into his life’s work, striving to attain the goals he and others had set out to do almost forty years earlier. In 1991, after being banned for decades, the first national conference of the African Nationalist Congress, or ANC was held inside South Africa. At this conference, Nelson Mandela was elected the President of ANC while his lifelong friend and colleague, Oliver Tambo, became the organization’s National Chairperson.

Nelson Mandela has never wavered in his devotion to democracy, equality, and learning.

Despite terrible provocation, he has never answered racism with racism. His life has been an inspiration, in South Africa and throughout the world, to all who are oppressed and deprived and to all who are against oppression and deprivation. His life symbolizes triumph of the human spirit over man’s inhumanity. Nelson Mandela accepted the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize on behalf of all South Africans who suffered and sacrificed so much to bring peace to our land.

Track 8 Mother Teresa was born Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu in Skopje, Macedonia, on 27 August 1910. Her family was of Albanian descent. At the age of 12, she felt the call of God strongly. She knew she had to be a missionary to spread the love of God. At the age of 18, she left her parental home in Skopje and joined Sisters of Loreto, an Irish community of nuns.

She ended up in India because the Irish had missions in India. After several months of training in Dublin she was sent to India, where on 24 May 1931, she took her initial vows as a nun. From 1931 to 1948, Mother Teresa taught at St. Mary’s High School in Calcutta. But the suffering and poverty she saw outside the convent walls made such a deep impression on her that in 1948, she received permission from her superiors to leave the convent school and devote herself to working among the poorest of the poor in the slums of Calcutta. That is when she started the “Missionary of Charity” to help the destitute and the helpless. Mother Teresa’s work has been recognized and acclaimed 115

CD Script throughout the world and for this she received a number of awards and distinctions, including the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979.

Track 9 In-Vitro Fertilization or IVF, also commonly called the “test-tube baby” technique, involves the removal of the female egg, mixing them with the husband’s sperm in the laboratory and then returning the fertilized eggs back into the woman’s uterus for normal growth and birth. The world’s first “test-tube baby” is Louise Brown who was born in Britain in 1976.

Track 10 Welcome to today’s news segment. We are going to talk about good business opportunities on the internet such as AdSense from the famous search engine, Google today. Essentially, AdSense is a simple and easy way for website owners to place discreet ads on their sites as a way of earning additional income. You simply insert certain lines of code and then receive a percentage of revenue.

What is good about this programme is that it is very simple and straightforward to initiate and maintain. Here are some benefits of the programme.

• • • • •

First, the programme is totally free to join.

Next, you only have to add a snippet of code to each page to display the ads.

Note that Google only puts ads on your sites that are relevant to your site’s content. These ads can enhance and complement the content of your page.

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Accept suitable responses for speaking component.

ANSWERS Unit 1: Friends, Countrymen…

Task 1 1. distress 2. vast 3. identical 4. mourner 5. banish 6. allure 7.struggle 8. ignore

4. emotion researcher 5. neutralize 6. vulnerable, compassion

Task 7 7. walk along 8. walk straight 9. T- junction 10. left 11. right 12. right

Task 2

Assessment 2. Countable nouns – person, wheel, friend, shoulder Uncountable nouns – love, care, time, joys, troubles, excitements, failure 3. Friendship needs a longer period to build up because it is cultivated with much love and care over time.

4. T 5. (Accept any acceptable answer)

Uncountable Countable Noun Noun 1.

countryman

1.

Wrinkles

2.

friends

2.

time

3.

newspapers

3.

skills

4.

years

4.

promises

5.

dictionary

5.

care

6.

note book

6.

love

7.

books

7.

memories

Unit 2: Wildlife Warrior Task 1 1. Lush grass 2. Giving mandate 3. Elevate the leg 4. The transmigrants 5. The time interval 6. A mutilated doll

Task 3 1. need to 2. should 3. need to 4. need to 5. need to 6. should 7. need to, should 8. need to 9. need to, should 10. should

Task 3 1. bigger 2. longest 3. shorter, tallest 4. lightest

Task 6 1. C 2. D 3. B

Task 4 more brilliant more useful more gigantic more handsome 117

most brilliant most useful most gigantic most handsome

Accept suitable responses for speaking component.

ANSWERS fiercer more still more tranquil gentler louder shorter skinnier friendlier fatter crueller more beautiful better more excellent more perfect livelier more worse

fiercest most still most tranquil gentlest loudest shortest skinniest friendliest fattest cruellest most beautiful best most excellent most perfect liveliest most worst

8. trait 9. echolalia 10. extensive 11. inclined 12. denial 13. caregiver 14. oblivious 15. symptom Task 2 oblivious – unaware symptom – sign caregiver – caretaker echolalia – repetition instinctive – natural denial – refusal intervention – improvement babble – chatter inclined – likely extensive – large-scale trait – characteristics advocate – recommend desperate – crave disorder – disease toddler – infant

Task 5 1. True 2. False 3. False 4. True 5. False 6. True 7. True 8. True

Task 3 1. brightly – manner 2. excitedly – manner 3. quickly – manner 4. completely – degree 5. happily – manner 6. hastily – manner 7. extremely – degree

Task 6 1. brighten in colour 2. swims in circle 3. Male 4. Islands 5. a gift of a stone 6. create a nest 7. Central and South America 8. Flashing 9. skyward

Task 4 1. quickly 2. excitedly 3. carelessly 4. finally 5. slowly 6. easily 7. suddenly 8. loudly 9. well 10. beautifully

Unit 3: Special People Task 1 1. desperate 2. babble 3. disorder 4. toddler 5. intervention 6. advocate 7. instinctive

Task 5 1. A 2. D 118

Accept suitable responses for speaking component.

ANSWERS 11. definitely – return 12. seldom – hold hands 13. slowly – walk 14. certainly – attend 15. under – place

3. D 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. D 13. B 14. C 15. D

Part 2 1. caregiver 2. symptoms 3. oblivious 4. intervention 5. echolalia 6. babble 7. advocate 8. instinctive 9. trait 10. denial 11. extensive 12. toddler 13. desperate 14. disorder 15. inclined

Task 8 1. False 2. False 3. False 4. True 5. True Task 9 a) Autism / Autism Spectrum Disorder b) signs c) genetic d) environmental e) 18 f) communication g) repetitive h) therapies i) symptoms j) abilities

Unit 4: Dare to Dream Task 1 a) Artificial - d) genuine, natural, real b) Treatment - h) disease, injury, harm c) Collaboration - i) disunion, division d) Establish - g) destroy, ruin e) Outbreak - c) calm, peace, harmony f) Prominent - a) common, ordinary, invisible g) Elements - f) whole h) Numerous - b) little, small, unimportant i) Inspired - e) discourage, dissuade

Assessment Part 1 1. almost – fell 2. beautifully – decorated 3. outside – play 4. occasionally – travel 5. beside - standing 6. probably – remember 7. towards – walking 8. rarely – talk 9. safely – arrived 10. strongly – disagree

Task 2 1. tells 2. think 3. believe 4. spill 5. living 6. supposed 7. trapped 119

Accept suitable responses for speaking component.

ANSWERS 8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

ignore Follow telling bearing encounter needs

3. Excerpt 3: dared, achieve, suffered, refused, proposed, come.

4. Excerpt 4: know, know, dared, reorganized, ended, walking, dispute, give.

Task 3 a) follow c) afflicted a) re-establishing b) showed c) severe a) even though b) found

Task 9 1. for 26 years 2. oppressed and deprived 3. Mandela was imprisoned 4. First conference of ANC held 5. Tambo elected as ANC Chairperson 6. Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize

Task 4 a) testifies b) supresses c) unifies d) scours e) sympathizes f) incarcerates g) superseded h) shelved i) relinquished j) fretted k) blemished l) provoked

Task 10 1. B 2. A Assessment 1. stint 2. leveraged 3. bring 4. named 5. involved 6. promote 7. serve 8. need 9. end 10. need 11. involved 12. try 13. appointed 27. love 28. limit 29. assume 30. influences 31. know 32. need 33. hate 34. received

Task 5 1. spread, tread 2. remember, reach, change 3. reach, lie 4. end, lose, seeking 5. hold, die, fly 6. dream, hammer, forge 7. belong, believe 8. leads, action, brings 9. live, imagined 10. happens, live, know Task 6 1. Excerpt 1: dared, fired, become, dared.

2. Excerpt 2: working, fired, spending, working, toiling, suffered, divorce, living, dared.

3. C

14. realized 15. confused 16. direct 17. started 18. started 19. want 20. decided 21. research 22. involved 23. afforded 24. expect 25. achieved 26. consider

Unit 5: Future Gazing Task 1 1. mimic 120

4. C

Accept suitable responses for speaking component.

ANSWERS 2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

obsolete conceal engrossing triumph catastrophic gizmos mutinous disconcerting automatons iteration transpire utopian, dystopian replicate curator

Task 2 1. transpire 2. conceal 3. automaton 4. gizmo 5. engrossing 6. triumph 7. mutinous 8. replicate 9. iteration 10. mimic 11. disconcerting 12. dystopian 13. curator 14. obsolete 15. utopian 16. catastrophic

2. growth and birth 3. first test-tube baby Task 8 1. good business opportunity 2. earn additional income 3. simple and straightforward 4. C 5. C 6. Join the program 7. snippet of code to 8. puts relevant ads 9. the look, feel and placement 10. to see the performance statistics

- happen - hide - machine - gadget - interesting - victory - rebellious - clone - repetition - imitate - disturbing - antiutopian - administrator - outdated - idealistic - disastrous

Assessment 1. if 2. unless 3. both, and 4. While 5. for 6. either, or 7. Before 8. so 9. Neither, nor 10. although 11. catastrophic 12. engrossing 13. conceal 14. obsolete 15. replicate 16. mimic 17. gizmo 18. automaton 19. curator 20. triumph

Task 3 1. Although 2. not only, but also 3. If 4. while 5. neither, nor 6. yet 7. Both, and 8. for 9. Before 10. either, or 11. so 12. Whether, or 13. unless Task 7 1. test-tube baby technique 121

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