qalebi

Eleanor Roosevelt

qeTevan qanTaria

Cvens samyaros iseTs, rogoric axlaa, msoflios xalxebi erTad qmnidnen – sxvadasxvagvari wvlili SehqondaT mis ganviTarebaSi: zogi xalxi, rogorc Cven, aTaswleulebi „idga iq“, sadac Seiqmna; iq icavda Tavis unikalurobas da Tavisuflebas da „sxvagvarad ar SeeZlo“, zogi – qveynierebis Secnobis, „axali zecis da axali miwis“ ZiebiT, axali samyaros, axali samarTlianobis, kanonebis Seqmnis wadiliT. „amerika erTaderTi qveyanaa, romelic ideebisgan iSva“, – Tqva am qveynis erT-erTma saukeTeso mweralma. da aq, ra Tqma unda, is „samuSao“ igulisxmeba, romelic amerikelebis araerTma Taobam demokratiisa da Tavisufali pirovnebis cnebaTa CamoyalibebaSi, Semdeg ki sinamdviled qcevaSi Seasrula.

1 933 wlis 20 aprils amerikis 26-e prezidentis, franklin delano ruzveltis meuRle, eleonor ruzvelti, TeTr saxlSi amelia erharts maspinZlobda, amerikis legendas – msoflioSi pirvel qalsa da meore mfrinavs, romelmac aviaciis, SeiZleba iTqvas, gariJraJze, 1 932 wels, atlantis okeanes gadaufrina. am orma qalma formaluri sadilis mdinareba spontanuri saqcieliT daarRvia – erhartma ruzvelts baltimorSi gadafrena SesTavaza, iqve, imwuTas. maT saRamos kabebiT miaSures saaviacio bazas, gezi baltimorisken aiRes, mere ukan, vaSingtonSi, gadmofrindnen da TeTr saxlSi iseT dros dabrundnen, roca stumrebs desertiT umaspinZldebodnen. es Zalian cnobili saRamoa amerikis, ufro ki – amerikeli qalebis istoriaSi. Tumca, eleonor ruzvelti, romelmac, misive sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, qorwinebis pirveli 20 weli fexmZimobasa da bavSvebis movlaSi gaatara, TandaTanobiT gamoamJRavnebs yvela im Tvisebas, romelic mogvianebiT „msoflios pirveli ledis“ statuss SesZens.

amelia erharti (1 897-1 937) da eleonor ruzvelti

eleonor ruzvelti

eleonor ruzveltis deda ana holi (1 863- 1 892)

Tu vinme eleonor ruzveltis cxovrebis wina wlebze am Tamami gamoxdomiT Seiqmnis warmodgenas, Secdeba. mis cxovrebaSi iyo bevri upiratesoba, rasac privilegirebul, kulturul da mdidar ojaxSi dabadeba TavisTavad gulisxmobs, magram iyo dabrkolebebic, travmebica da araerTi „sabrZoli“ sakiTxi, romelTa qomagobiT eleonor ruzvelti Tavis wil samuSaos Seasrulebs axali amerikis istoriaSi.

eleonori daibada 1 884 wels niu-iorkis sazogadoebaSi kargad cnobili, lamazi, SeZlebuli wyvilis ojaxSi. mas, wesiT, bednieri bavSvoba unda hqonoda, magram mamamiss, eliot ruzvelts, amerikis erT-erTi saukeTeso prezidentis Zmas, aRmosavleTis qveynebSi cxovrebisas SeZenilma mavne Cvevebma mouRo bolo. deda, ana holi, rogorc werdnen, „niu-iorkis salonebis mSveneba“, qmris alkoholizmisa da Tavawyvetili cxovrebisagan ise iyo gamofituli, rom mas bavSvebTan urTierTobis Tavi aRar hqonda. eleonors mamasTan werilebiT uwevda urTierToba. rva wlis asakSi eleonors difteriiT gardaecvala deda da umcrosi Zma, elioti, ori wlis Semdeg – „akrZaluli“ mama. mama, romelic xandaxan ZaRlebTan erTad aseirnebda, Semdeg ki saaTobiT alodinebda romelime gasarTobi dawesebulebis karTan. amis miuxedavad, Zalze Zvirfasi iyo igi eleonorisTvis, mis gardacvalebasTan erTad ki axal garemoSi mouwia gadasvla: jer dedis dedasTan – meri livingston ladlousTan, romlis warCinebul saxlSi ganaTlebuli, daxvewili garemo da lamis sicocxlisaTvis saxifaTo cxovrebis wesi daxvda: ojaxis qalebi mas enebsa da istorias aswavlidnen, mamakacebi „dardimanduli“ cxovrebiT cxovrobdnen da zogjer isec momxdara, romelime nasvam biZas sagvareulo parkSi Semosuli stumrisTvis Tofidan usvria. amnairma bavSvobam mZime kvali datova gogonaze: mas mTeli cxovrebis manZilze axsenebda Tavs depresia. eleonor ruzvelti mamasTan,

eliot ruzveltTan (1 860-1 894) erTad

qalebi

1 5 wlis asakSi eleonori londonis saukeTeso qalTa pansionSi, alensvudis akademiaSi, gagzavnes sami wliT. skolis frangi damaarsebeli da direqtori, mari suvestri, sruliad gansakuTrebuli, damoukideblad moazrovne, socialurad mgrZnobiare qali iyo da Tan eleonoris mimarT did yuradRebas iCenda – albaT, is iyo eleonoris erT-erTi udidesi inspiratori da avtoriteti, romelTanac Semdeg ramdenime weli xSiri mimowera SeinarCuna, suvestris gardacvalebis Semdegac ki swerda mas werilebs da fotosuraTTan uwyobda, romelic mudam sawer magidaze edga. eleonori suvestris mzrunvelobas droze adre moaSores bebiis daJinebiT: eleonori 1 8 wlis gaxda da, niu-iorkis maRal baT, i wris poten wesis ciur am i e s b a r, sazogado qmrosaTvis) ebisa misi Tvis gacn (da, obis aldro mari s (1 83 uv 0-1 est 905) ri dadga. Tumca, eleonorma da misma Soreulma naTesavma – franklin delano ruzveltma erTmaneTi momdevno wels aRmoaCines da dainiSnen. isini ruzveltebis erT Stos, magram sxvadasxva ganStoebas miekuTvnebodnen.

XVII saukuneSi evropidan amerikis kontinentisaken manamde arnaxuli raodenobis xalxi daiZra. eseni metwilad evropidan devnili an gamoqceuli protestantebi iyvnen. holandielebi am nakadis mniSvnelovan nawils Seadgendnen. maT didi roli Seasrules niu-iorkis ganviTarebaSi. aq, manhetenze, dRevandeli Empire State Building-is adgilas SeiZines niderlandidan Camosulma ruzveltebma miwebi, Semdeg ki iq maTi didi saxli idga. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ruzveltebi amerikis uZveles, pirvelmosaxleTa aristokratias miekuTvnebodnen.

am politikurma dinastiam erTdroulad misca qveyanas araerTi gamorCeuli figura, maT Soris, ori prezidenti, swored im xarisxis amerikelebi, romlebic qveyanas ideebisa da Tavisufali adamianis msaxurebiT Zerwavdnen. roca 1 876 wels Teodor ruzvelti, amerikis 26-e da usayvarlesi prezidenti, harvardis unverisitetSi Sedioda, mamamisma, eleonoris babuam, ase daariga: „jer Sens zneobaze izrune, Semdeg – janmreleonor ruzvelti Telobaze, mere – swavlaze“. bolos alensvudis akademiaSi da bolos swored Teodor ruzvelti iyo, visac pativi ergo maunt

eleonor ruzvelti

eleonor da franklin ruzveltebi

raSmorze amerikis sami diadi „mamis“ – vaSingtonis, jefersonisa da linkolnis – gverdiT qvaSi amoekveTaT. rac Seexeba col-qmar ruzveltebs, amerikis istoriaSi isini erTmaneTs mniSvnelobiT ar Camouvardebian da Tu delano ruzveltis wvlili imTaviTve iyo gansazRvruli, rogorc prezidentisa, eleonor ruzveltis roli sruliad gamorCeulia.

safiqrebelia, rom col-qmars maTi STamagonebeli erT-erTi figura ojaxSi eguleboda – Teodor ruzvelti, qmediTi, mxne, patiosani da idealisti politikosi, nobelis premiis laureati mSvidobis dargSi, mwerali, odesRac – samxedro piric. ruzvelti, rogorc aSS-is mdidari elitis warmomadgeneli, Tavidan respublikuri partiis wevri iyo, romelic istoriulad mdidari amerikelebis finansur interess icavs, magram droTa ganmavlobaSi Teodorma gaacnobiera, rom didi kapitalis zemoqmedeba politikaze TviT demokratiis principebs ewina

Teodor ruzvelti (1 858-1 91 9)

1 91 2 wels Tedi ruzveltma respublikuri partia gaxliCa da mesame politikuri Zala daaarsa – progresuli/progresistuli partia, romelsac, samwuxarod, didxans ar uarsebia. progresistebis programa marTlac saocrad mowinave iyo imdroindeli msofliosTvis, kerZod: muSaTaTvis profkavSirebSi gaerTianebis ufleba; saarCevno kampaniebisTvis Tanxebis SezRudva; qalebisTvis saarCevno uflebis miniWeba; rvasaaTiani samuSao dRe; sawarmoebSi mkurnalobis xarjebis anazRaureba, janmrTelobis dazRveva; umuSevrobis dazRveva; bavSvTa da qalTa socialuri dacva; emigrantebis ufleba, „amerikisagan SesaZleblobebis kuTvnili wili mieRoT“. Tedi ruzveltis saxels dRemde erTdroulad iCemeben amerikeli konservatorebi da liberalebi, memarjveneebi da memarcxeneebi.

qalebi

aRmdegeba – „Cveni saxelmwifoebriobis umTavresi mizani am uxilavi mTavrobis mospoba, uzneo biznesisa da uzneo politikis arawminda kavSiris aRkveTaa“.

1 905 wlis martSi, eleonoris da franklin delano ruzveltis jvriswerisas, ZmisSvili (raki mama, elioti, cocxali ar iyo) sakurTxevelTan swored Tedi ruzveltma miiyvana da moswrebulad aRniSna: „kargia, rom gvari ojaxSi rCeba“. ojaxSi mxolod gvari ar darCenila. brwyinvale wyvilma, romelic piradi cxovrebis qartexilebis miuxedavad, mudam inarCunebda megobrul, partniorul grZnobas, saerTo naTesavisgan memkvidreobiT miiRo idealebi – xalxis, adamianis, moqalaqis msaxurebis movaleoba, misdami socialuri pasuxismgebloba.

franklin delano ruzvelti TeTr saxlSi 1 933 wels Sevida, umZimes dros, rodesac qveyana didi depresiis pikze imyofeboda, inflaciis, umuSevrobis, ganuxreli ekonomikuri vardnis mdgomareobaSi, romelmac erTnairad daTrguna qveynis mdidari da Raribi mosaxleoba. Semdegi 6 wlis ganmavlobaSi, socialuri da finansuri reformebis, proeqtebisa da saxelmwifo regulaciebis

wyalobiT, ruzveltis (romelsac kidev sami vadiT airCevs amerikeli xalxi) administraciam viTarebas TandaTanobiT misca is kalapoti, romelic 40-ian wlebSi qveyanas mTlianad gamoiyvans am krizisidan. am axal politikas NEW DEAL – axali garigeba, sakuTar xalxTan axali SeTanxmebis dadeba ewoda. eleonor ruzvelti, rogorc qali da rogorc liberalurad da socialurad moazrovne pirovneba, axal garigebas sakuTar ganzomilebas hmatebda.

franklin delano ruzveltis RonisZiebebs Soris iyo bunebis konservaciis samoqalaqo korpusi (Civilian Conservation Corps) – umuSevari mamakacebis dasasaqmeblad SemuSavebuli programa, romelic „or kurdRels erTad iWerda“ – asaqmebda adamianebs da bunebrivi resursebis movla-patronobis masStabebsac aasmagebda. eleonor ruzveltma gaacnobiera, rom samoqalaqo garemosdacviTi korpusi ar iTvaliswinebda qalebis problemebs da amave programis farglebSi umuSevar qalTa banakebis (She-SheShe Camps) gaxsnis iniciatori gaxda.

ruzveltis prezidentobis 1 2-wlian periodSi eleonorma 300-ze meti preskonferencia gamarTa TeTr saxlSi qali JurnalistebisaTvis, romelTac informaciaze xelovnurad, angariSgauwevlobiTa da upativcemulo damokidebulebiT uzRudavdnen wvdomas mamakaci politikosebi.

umuSevarTa protesti didi depresiis dros

eleonor ruzvelti

1 936 wels eleonori, pirveli ledi, romelic Jurnalistis profesias xSirad iyenebda sakuTari ideebisa Tu qmris politikis mxardsaWerad, Jurnalistebis profkavSiris wevri gaxda da advili warmosadgenia, rogor gaabraza amerikeli amomrCevlis konservatiuli nawili.

rac yvelaze sainteresoa, frensis perkinzs, romelic franklin ruzveltma Sromis sakiTxebSi mdivnad daniSna da amgvarad, igi prezidentis kabinetis pirveli wevri qali gaxda, eleonori didad arasdros swyalobda. Tumca rodesac ruzveltis gardacvalebis Semdeg igi am Tanamdebobidan gadaayenes, eleonorma misi wasvla qalTa saqmisaTvis did danaklisad gamoacxada, Tavis tradiciul sagazeTo svetSi ki dawera: „qali yovelTvis ukeT gauZRveba im saqmes, romelsac xeli mohkida, vidre mamakaci. dRes ministrTa kabinetSi qali aRar gvyavs, magram momavalSi aucileblad gveyoleba“.

1 939 wels qalTa organizaciam, saxelwodebiT „amerikuli revoluciis Svilebi“, Tavis RonisZiebaSi monawileobaze uari uTxra cnobil Savkanian amerikel kontraltos – merion andersons. eleonor ruzveltma aRSfoTebis Semcveli depeSa ar akmara organizatorebs. male andersoni TeTr saxlSi miiwvia, gansakuTrebuli stumrebis – inglisis mefisa da dedoflis winaSe gamosasvle

Civilian Conservation Corps-is

saagitacio posteri

eleonor ruzvelti umuSevar qalTa banakSi

eleonor ruzvelti da frensis perkinzi (1 880-1 965)

qalebi

lad, Semdeg ki qalTa am organizacias wevrobis baraTi ukan daubruna. Tavis yovelkvireul sagazeTo svetSi „Cemi dRe“ ki milionobiT amerikel mkiTxvels, romlis didi nawilisTvis rasobrivi segregacia jerac yoveldRiurobis nawili iyo, ganucxada: „wevrad darCena momdxarze Tanxmobis niSani iqneboda, amitom organizaciidan wamovedi“.

„sruliad aSkaraa, rom Cvenze dabla mdgar adamianebTan qristianulad ar viqceviT, – werda eleonor ruzvelti Tavis erTerT wignSi, – aq vxedavT, rom demokratiis warmatebisTvis iseTi religiac ki Zalian mniSvnelovania, romelic gvavaldebulebs, moyvasis keTildReobis saWiroebebisadmi Rrma interesiT vicxovroT. Cven, ra Tqma unda, erTgvar revolucias gavdivarT axla da gacilebiT did azrs vdebT xalxis, rogorc erTianobis, mimarT socialur pasuxismgeblobaSi. bevris miRweva moxerxda imiT, rom Cvenma mTavrobam socialur pirobebTan dakavSirebiT sakuTari pasuxismgebloba aRiara. magram jer kidev aRiarebas moiTxovs zogi fundamenturi faqti. aSkara unda iyos, rom demokratiaSi yvela bavSvs unda mieces usafrTxoebis minimaluri standarti – Tanabari SesaZleblobebis misaRwevad, rac demokratiis saZirkvelia. es iseTi ekonomikuri donis miRwevas gulisxmobs, romlis dabla arc erTi adamiani ar unda daeSvas – am donesa da cxovrebis minimalur xarjs Soris mudam samarTlianad da stabilurad unda iqnes wonasworoba daculi“.

eleonor ruzvelti da merion andersoni

eleonor ruzveltis wigni `Cemi dRe~

1940 wels ruzveltis administraciam did industriul qalaqebSi milionobiT dolaris Cadeba daiwyo, magaliTad, detroitSi, samanqano mrewvelobaSi. Zalian male ki amerika meore msoflio omSi CaerTveba da prezidenti evropeli mokavSireebis daxmarebis aucileblobaze daiwyebs saubars. misi TqmiT, amerikis industriulma Zalmosilebam Tavisufali samyaro unda daicvas. izolacionistebi mas did winaaRmdegobas uweven, magram prezidenti antihitleruli koaliciis daxmarebas materialurad da iaraRiT upirebs da am didi sawarmoo Zalisxmevis talRa milionobiT amerikels asaqmebs. arsebiTad, es didi depresiis ufskrulidan amosasvleladac mZlavri nabiji gamodga.

eleonor ruzvelti

meore msoflio omis dros samxedro warmoebad gadakeTebuli detroitis samanqano warmoeba

leon basi

erTianad, 40-ian wlebSi, 1 .5 milioni „Savi“ amerikeli daiZra samxreTis Statebidan CrdiloeTis industriuli centrebisaken. Tumca, did qalaqebSi Casulebs, samsaxurebSic ki, maT kvlav diskriminacia da meorexarisxovani adamianebis roli ergoT. eleonor ruzveltis xma qveynis samoqalaqo aqtivistebis protests SeuerTdeba: nuTu saxelmwifo, romelic nacizmis dasamarcxeblad evropaSi asobiT aTas Savkanians agzavnis, sakuTar qveyanaSi maT fundamentur uflebebs ver daicavs? arc evropaSi, sasaklaoze gagzavnilebs daxvdaT ukeTesi garemo – „mSieri, ganrisxebuli axlagazrda Savi jariskaci viyavi. vgrZnobdi, rom Cemi qveyana miyenebda, Tan Seuracxmyofda da meubneboda, „leon, Rirsi ar xar, is sikeTeebi Seirgo, risTvisac aq ibrZvi!“ (leon basi, omis veterani). „ra xarisxis demokratia gvaqvs? – kiTxulobs eleonori am periodSi daweril eseSi, – an Cvens ekonomikur sistemas yvela adamianis saWiroebas movargebT, an ukiduresad gagviWirdeba brZola... hitlers missave TamaSSi ver davamarcxebT“. da yvela Tavis radio Tu telegamosvlaSi, wignebSi, romlebsac dawers, namdvili amerikis Rirebulebebs qomagobs, imas, ris dasamkvidreblad, swored ideidan da ara gvartomobrivi erTobis safuZvelze, Seiqmna es diadi qveyana; amerikel xalxTan axali garigebis sikeTeebs – uflebas sacxovrisze, ganaTlebaze, samuSaoze – yvela jgufi erTnairad unda imkides – miaCnda eleonors.

filip rendolfi TeTr saxlSi, linkolnis qandakebasTan

qalebi

filip rendolfi da eleonor ruzvelti

franlkin ruzveltis mier

xelmowerili #8802 brZaneba 1 940 wels amerikelma Savkanianma aqtivistebma, filip rendolfis meTaurobiT, aTasobiT Savkaniani demonstranti miiyvanes TeTr saxlTan mas Semdeg, rac prezidentma ruzveltma uaryo maTi moTxovna, ukanonod gamocxadebuliyo kanis feriT diskriminacia Tavdacvis sferoSi samuSaoze miRebisas. maSin eleonorma mTel qveyanaSi daiwyo mogzauroba Savkanian aqtivistebTan gasacnobad da maTi ndobac moipova. maT dayoliebasac Seecada qmris interesebis sasargeblod (cnobili iyo, rom vaSingtonSi 1 00 000-iani manifestaciis mowyoba da sxva amnairi RonisZiebebi mzaddeboda), magram ukan dabrunebulma erTaderTi is informacia Cautana frankln ruzvelts, rom mxolod antidiskriminaciuli kanoni aaridebda qveyanas areulobas. prezidentis brZaneba 8802 (qveynis Tavdacvis warmoebaSi rasobrivi diskriminaciis ukanonod gamocxadebis Sesaxeb) iyo precedenti, romelsac qveynis Semdegdroindeli antidiskriminaciuli kanonebi daefuZna. „marSis saWiroebas veRar vxedavT“, miiRo eleonorma rendolfisgan samadlobeli telegrama. sam weliwadSi sawarmoo Zala Savkaniani moqalaqeebis xarjze eqvsi procentiT gaizarda, Savkanianebs pirvelad gaexsnaT gza maRalanazRaurebadi samuSaosken.

amave dros eleonors vinme s.b. eligzanderisgan, tenesis Statidan, aseTi Sinaarsis werilic miuRia: „Cven, samxreTelebi, vicnobT zangebs; viciT, rogor vakontroloT es xalxi. ar gvZuls eseni. ise veqceviT, rogorc yvelgan eqcevian, sanam TavianTi adgili ician, magram yovelTvis unda gvax

1 943 wlis quCis Setakebebi detroitSi

sovdes, rom arseboben meorexarisxovani, mdabali adamianebi, iseve, rogorc arian mdabali cxovelebi. Tqvenc iciT – arseboben jiSiani ZaRlebi, jiSiani pirutyvi, jiSiani Rori da a.S.“

detroitSi rasobriv niadagze dapirspireba ufro da ufro mZimdeboda. 1 943 wels qalaqSi quCis Setakebebi daiwyo. policiisa Tu brbos sisastikem eleonors Tavzari dasca. „guli mtkiva, – werda igi. – radgan Cvenma xalxma Cveni Tavi nacistebs gauTanabra.“ – Semdeg ki – „mSvidobiani samyarosTvis mzadeba ver daiwyeba, Tu gonebas ar gavixsniT, samarTlis saqmnelad Cvens qveyanaSi gambedaobas ar gamoviCenT, maSinac ki, Tu es Cveni tradiciuli azrovnebis Secvlis, zogi CvenganisTvis ki materialur interesebze uaris Tqmis tolfasi iqneba“. pirad saubrebSi ki nacnobebisaTvis eleonors uTqvams, rom es saTqmelis is maqsimumi iyo, rac franklins misaRebad miaCnda, radgan omTan dakavSirebul kanonebSi samxreTeli kongresmenebis mxardaWera esaWiroeboda.

1 945 wlis 1 2 aprils franklin delano ruzvelti gardaicvala. qveyanam didi pativiT dakrZala erTaderTi prezidenti, rome

eleonor ruzvelti

prezidentebi hari trumeni da franklin ruzvelti

lic meoTxe vadiT darCa TeTr saxlSi. eleonors misi gardacvalebis ambis gagebisas uTqvams: „Cems Tavze metad me Cvens qveyanas TanavugrZnob“. axla prezidenti hari trumeni iyo, romelmac winamorbedis pativsacemad ocdaaTi dRiT dauSva qveynis droSa TeTr saxlze, romelic manamde uxmaurod da mokrZalebulad datova eleonor ruzveltma. Jurnalistebs interviuze uari uTxra: „is ambavi dasrulda“. mogvianebiT werda (arc franklinis arCevisas yofila aRfrTovanebuli sajaro cxovrebis pers

eleonor ruzvelti da prezidenti hari trumeni franklin ruzveltis saflavTan

qalebi

eleonor ruzvelti da rene kaseni

Carlz maliki

peqtiviT, amaSi Tavisi pirovnuli ganviTarebisaTvis safrTxes xedavda): „adre iseTi gancda mqonda, TiTqos sadRac, Cems gareT, prezidentis colis figura myavda „aRmarTuli“... axla Cemsave TavSi davikarge“.

eleonori SedarebiT mSvidi cxovrebis dawyebas apirebda, magram TeTri saxlidan wasvlis momentSi, prezident ruzveltis meuRlis rolisagan damoukideblad, ukve Zalze gavleniani politikuri figura iyo. eleonors moswonda prezidenti trumeni. maT miwer-moweraSi Cans, rom igi gakvirvebuli iyo, Tu ra cota ram icoda Turme trumenma sagareo politikaze, magram kritikis magier, misi daxmareba surda. axalma prezidentma icoda, rom Tu ruzveltis saqmis gamgrZeleblis saxels eZebda (man ki marTlac gamoacxada Tavi misi politikis gamgrZeleblad), maSin eleonor ruzvelts advilad ar unda Seleoda, amitom dauyovnebliv daiTxova Tavisi mTavari TanaSemwe – edi makkimi, romelsac eleonoris rolis dakninebis mcdeloba Seatyo: makkimma gankarguleba gasca, yofili pirveli ledisaTvis dagvianebiT gamogzavnili samZimris werilebisTvis aRar epasuxaT. Tavad ki siamovnebiT da interesiT agrZelebda eleonor ruzveltTan miwer-moweras da yuradRebiT ecnoboda mis gamocdilebas, romelic eleonors samoqalaqo uflebebis damcvelis sarbielze, diplomatiuri da saerTaSoriso humanitaruli misiebis aRsrulebisas dagroveboda. Zalian male yofili pirveli ledi im samSvidobo organizaciis yoveldRiur muSaobaSi CarTo, romlis Seqmnac ruzveltebs meore msoflio omis dros surdaT. iaponiis qalaqebSi atomuri bombebis afeTqebis Semdeg eleonor ruzvelti werda: kacobriobam unda iswavlos saerTaSoriso konfliqtebis mSvidobianad mog

eleonor ruzvelti

vareba an unda Seeguos azrs, rom erTxelac veRar gaiRviZebs. imave 1 945 wels trumenma mas axalSeqmnil gaeroSi aSS-is delegatoba SesTavaza. konservatiuli Zalebi ewinaaRmdegebodnen eleonorisaTvis – liberalis, qalis, SavkanianTa da seqsualur umciresobaTa qomagisaTvis aseTi mniSvnelovani rolis miniWebas, magram 1 948 wels is am organizaciaSi ukve adamianis uflebebis sayovelTao deklaraciis miRebas Tavmjdomareobda. deklaraciis teqstze kanadeli iuristi da mecnieri jon hemfri, frangi iuristi rene kaseni, libaneli filosofosi maliki da ramdenime rusi diplomati muSaobdnen. eleonori maT samuSao process warmarTavda da formulirebebs amartivebda. rogorc erT-erTi avtori wers, mas is Tvisebebi hqonda, romelTa erToblioba gacilebiT ukeTes muSakad aqcevda, vidre masze safuZvliani akademiuri ganaTlebis mqone komisiis wevrebs. aqve imis damatebac ar iqneba zedmeti, rom eleonori mudam sakuTari moraluri principebisamebr cdilobda samuSao procesis warmarTvas.

eleonoris danatovars Sorisaa 555 statia, 27 wigni da 8000 sagazeTo sveti – 1 935-dan 1 962 wlamde, anu mTeli darCenili cxovreba eleonori sxvadasxva gazeTSi TiTqmis yoveldRe werda svets „Cemi dRe“. manamde arcerT pirvel ledis ar gamouyenebia msgavsi xerxi sakuTari idealebis warmosaCenad. eleonors ki, safiqrebelia, ideebi, Sefasebebi, nafiqralic sxvebze gacilebiT meti hqonda da Tan ruzveltis „axali garigebis“ arsic xom es iyo – axali, axleburi xarisxis urTierToba moqalaqeebTan.

1 959 wels gamokiTxvam aCvena, rom eleonor ruzvelti msoflios yvelaze aRiarebul da sayvarel qalebs Soris pirvel adgilze iyo. mas asaxelebdnen XX saukunis yvelaze gavlenian adamianebs Soris. prezidentma trumenma franklin ruzveltis gardacvalebis Semdeg mas „mTeli msoflios pirveli ledi“ uwoda.

frenk sinatras misTvis ukiTxavs, erTi sityvis datoveba rom SegZlebodaT samyarosTvis, ra iqneboda es sityvao, „imedi, – sakmaod moulodnelad upasuxia ruzvelts, – Cvens samyaroSi yvelaze daviwyebuli sityva“. albaT – adamianis imedi, icxovros ufro dacul, ufro Rirseul da adamianur msoflioSi da mudam hqondes am winsvlis imedi. eleonor ruzvelti adamianebis msaxuri iyo bednierebisa da Rirsebisaken maT marad swrafvaSi.

frenk sinatrasTan erTad