didi adamianebi daviT bataSvili kapitan vitold pileckis gmiruli cxovreba

didi adamianebi

daviT bataSvili

im droidan moyolebuli, rac 6 aTasi wlis win adamianebma saxelmwifoebis Camoyalibeba daiwyes, xSirad xdeba ise, rom maTi interesebi erTmaneTs upirispirdeba. aseT dros es saxelmwifoebi iwyeben moqmedebas erTmaneTis winaaRmdeg, sxvadasxva formiT. yovel istoriul periodSi am WidaobaSi zogi saxelmwifo mogebuli gamodis, sxva ki – wagebuli.

yofila SemTxvevebi, roca mTlianad kacobriobisTvis ar hqonia didi mniSvneloba, romeli saxelmwifo gaimarjvebda, roca es saxelmwifoebi sakmaod hgavdnen erTmaneTs TavianTi Sida mowyobiTa da sagareo qceviT. magram aris sxva SemTxvevebic – roca paeqrobaSi CarTul saxelmwifoebs Soris Zalian didi gansxvavebaa. erTis gamarjvebis SemTxvevaSi, mTlianad kacobrioba xdeba ufro Tavisufali, mdidari da warmatebuli. meoris gamarjvebas ki Zalian mZime Sedegebi mohyveba – mravali qveynis mTlianad damoneba da milionobiT adamianis datyveveba, SimSili da sikvdili.

rodesac aSkarad da saSinlad boroti Zala cdilobs Sens qveyanasa da mTlianad adamianTa modgmaze gabatonebas, wesieri adamianis valia am Zalas winaaRmdegoba gauwios, visac rogorc SeuZlia. es ase iyo warsulSi da asea dResac. am mxriv Znelia istoriaSi ufro samagaliTo adamianis povna, vidre iyo poloneli patrioti vitold pilecki. igi adreuli asakidan sicocxlis bolomde ebrZoda XX saukunis or mTavar borotebas – sabWoTa ruseTs da nacistur germanias. amas igi sxvadasxva dros da sxvadasxva gziT akeTebda, magram yovelTvis moqmedebda adamianTa Tavisuflebis sasargeblod da borotebis winaaRmdeg.

cxenosani meomari

vitold pilecki daibada 1 901 wels poloneli aznaurebis ojaxSi. bavSvoba man ruseTis imperiaSi gaatara, radgan poloneTis is nawili, sadac vitoldis ojaxi cxovrobda, ruseTis mier iyo dapyrobili. pirvel msoflio omSi jer ruseTis, Semdeg ki germaniis imperiebis marcxis Semdeg, 1 91 8 wlis 1 1 noembers, aRdga damoukidebeli polonuri saxelmwifo.

axalSobil poloneTs maSinve mouwia brZolaSi CarTva bolSevikur, anu sabWoTa ruseTTan, romelic dacemuli ruseTis imperiis dakarguli teritoriebis xelaxla dapyrobas cdilobda. 1 7 wlis vitoldi Tavidanve CaerTo am brZolaSi, 1 91 8 wlis Semodgomas Seqmnili moxaliseTa samxedro danayofebis SemadgenlobaSi. 1919 wels vitoldi SeuerTda poloneTis armiis sakavalerio nawils da amgvarad ganagrZo brZola rus bolSevikebTan.

1 920 wlis zafxulSi bolSevikebma poloneTze didi Seteva wamoiwyes. Tavdapirvelad isini warmatebiT miiwevdnen win. maTi mizani poloneTis gasabWoeba iyo – igive, rac

vitold pilecki

polonuri jari varSavis brZolaSi

1 921 wlis Teberval-martSi maT saqarTveloSi SeZles. poloneTis dedaqalaqi, varSava, dacemis piras aRmoCnda da bevrs miaCnda, rom polonelTa marcxi gardauvali iyo.

1 920 wlis 1 2-25 agvistos gaimarTa ganTqmuli varSavis brZola. Wkvianuri strategiuli Canafiqris wyalobiT, polonelebma win gaWril sabWoTa jars moulodneli mimarTulebidan daartyes da sastikad daamarcxes. amis Semdeg omi maleve dasrulda. poloneTi sabWoTa okupacias gadaurCa. varSavis brZolis dros vitoldi kvlav kavaleriis SemadgenlobaSi ibrZoda. es iyo ukanaskneli omi kacobriobis istoriaSi, romlis drosac didi kavaleriuli brZolebi gaimarTa.

vitoldi kavaleristis formaSi, 1 923 vitoldi samxedro aRlumze

didi adamianebi

brZolaSi dabruneba

mas Semdeg, rac poloneTSi mSvidobam daisadgura, 1 921 wlis dasawyisSi vitoldi jaridan wamovida. daiwyo erTaderTi periodi mis cxovrebaSi, bavSvobis garda, rodesac mSvidi yofis saSualeba mieca. ase 1 939 wlamde gagrZelda. am wlebSi vitoldma daibruna Tavisi winaprebis kuTvnili mamuli, aRadgina iq arsebuli da omebSi dangreuli saxli da Seqmna ojaxi. mas ori Svili SeeZina – anJei da sofia.

1 939 wlis 23 agvistos adolf hitleris nacisturi germania da ioseb stalinis sabWoTa kavSiri aRmosavleT evropis erTmaneTSi gayofaze SeTanxmdnen. 1 seqtembers germania poloneTs daesxa Tavs. 1 7 seqtembers ki nacistebTan mebrZol polonelebs zurgSi sabWoTa kavSirmac daartya. poloneTze es Tavdasxma meore msoflio omis dasawyisi gaxda. vitoldi kavaleriis oceulis meTauri iyo da omis dawyebisTanave agresorebs ebrZoda.

poloneTi damarcxda, ris Semdegac nacisturma germaniam da sabWoTa kavSirma is or nawilad gaiyves. Zalian bevri poloneli ar Seurigda Tavisuflebis dakargvas. mtruli okupaciis pirobebSi, maT faruli winaaRmdegobis moZraoba daiwyes. vitoldi bolomde omobda, sanam polonur jars jer kidev SeeZlo winaaRmdegobis gaweva, Semdeg ki faruli winaaRmdegobis moZraobis wevri gaxda.

warsulSi poloneTi evropis erT-erTi Zlieri saxelmwifo iyo, magram Sida areulobam TandaTan daasusta. es imiT dasrulda, rom XVIII saukunis II naxevarSi poloneTi gaiyves ruseTis imperiam, avstriis imperiam da prusiis samefom, romelic SemdgomSi germaniis imperiad gadaiqca. 1 91 4-1 91 8 wlebis pirveli msoflio omis Sedegad, samive es imperia daeca. polonelebma amiT maSinve isargebles da aRadgines sakuTari saxelmwifo. 1 939 wlis 23 agvistos daido garigeba, romelic istoriaSi Sevida, rogorc „molotov-ribentropis paqti“. am garigebiT poloneTi isev gaiyves, oRond amjerad – bevrad ufro borotma Zalebma, vidre XVIII saukunis imperiebi iyvnen. sabolood, poloneTma SeZlo daebrunebnia Tavisufleba da dRes is mdidari da Zlieri qveyanaa.

vitoldi da misi coli maria qorwilis dRes

vitoldi mariasTan da SvilebTan erTad, 1 934

vitold pilecki

nacistebis mier okupirebuli varSava

osvencimis banaki

mzveravi osvencimSi

vitold pilecki winaaRmdegobis moZraobaSi Tavidanve aqtiurad iyo CarTuli. am dros igi germanelebis mier okupirebul varSavaSi cxovrobda da Tavisi vinaobis dasamalad erTi komerciuli organizaciis menejerad muSaobda.

nacisturma germaniam kacobriobis istoriaSi erT-erTi yvelaze mZime danaSauli Caidina – Seqmna sakoncentracio banakebi, sadac gamoamwyvdies milionobiT ebraeli da nacisturi reJimis sxvadasxva mowinaaRmdege. am banakebSi nacistebi tyveebs saSinel pirobebSi amyofebdnen da uamravi adamiani daxoces. poloneTis dapyrobis Semdeg germaniam aseTi banakebi iqac Seqmna.

erT-erTi aseTi banaki, yvelaze cnobili Tavisi saSinelebebiT, iyo osvencimis banaki. vitoldma gadawyvita osvencimSi gangeb moxvedriliyo, patimris statusiT, raTa informacia Seegrovebina banakSi arsebul viTarebaze da iq adgilobrivi winaaRmdegobis organizacia Seeqmna. amisTvis man moipova yalbi piradobis dokumenti „tomaS serafinskis“ saxelze, raTa germanelebs ar scodnodaT, vin CauvardaT xelSi. 1 940 wlis 1 9 seqtembers germanelebma varSavis quCebSi masobrivad daapatimres polonelebi. vitoldi gangeb moyva am dapatimrebaSi. is osvencimSi moaTavses, „patimar nomer 4859-is“ saxeliT.

patimari #4859, gadaRebulia osvencimSi nacistebis mier

nacistebisa da komunistebis yvelaze masStaburi da mZime danaSaulebic ki Tavdapirvelad TiTqmis ar icoda gare samyarom. amitom vitold pileckis mcdeloba, osvencimidan informacia gamoetana, Zalian mniSvnelovani nabiji iyo. es aseve iyo didi Tavdadeba, radgan Zalian Znelia sakuTari Tavi gangeb Caugdo mters xelSi, Tanac iseT verag da warmoudgenlad sastik mtrs, rogoric nacistebi iyvnen. osvencimi ki iyo swored is adgili, sadac nacistebis sisastike yvelaze mZafrad gamJRavnda. vitoldma simarTlisaTvis da nacistebis namdvili saxis gamosaaSkaraveblad gangeb daaWerina Tavi, osvencimis jojoxeTSi moxvda, raTa iqauroba Tavad enaxa da gamoecada.

didi adamianebi

pileckis angariSi

marTalia, vitoldi mzad iyo, rom osvencimSi mZime pirobebi daxveboda, magram nanaxma da gancdilma yovelgvar molodins gadaaWarba. amis miuxedavad, igi Seudga osvencimSi winaaRmdegobis qselis Seqmnas. droTa ganmavlobaSi vitoldis organizacia sakoncentracio banakis yvela nawils moedo. vitoldi da misi megobrebi axerxebdnen osvencimis banakSi arsebuli viTarebis Sesaxeb informaciis polonuri winaaRmdegobis moZraobis mTavari StabisTvis miwodebas. osvencimSi yofnis dros vitoldi samjer iyo mZimed avad, magram amis miuxedavad, iq TiTqmis sami weli gaatara da sadazvervo saqmianoba arasdros Seuwyvetia.

1 943 wlis dasawyisSi nacistebma daiwyes osvencimSi vitoldis da misi megobrebis faruli qselis garRveva, maT gamoavlines am qselis bevri monawile. gaCnda cnobebi, rom osvencimis tyveTa nawils sxvadasxva banakSi gadaanawilebdnen. amis gamo vitoldma gadawyvita osvencimidan gaeRwia. 1 943 wlis 27 aprils vitoldi da kidev ori patimari osvencimidan gaiqcnen. osvencimis tyveebSi arsebobda ajanyebisTvis momzadebuli organizebuli jgufebi. banakidan gaqcevis Semdeg vitoldi cdilobda daerwmunebina polonuri winaaRmdegobis moZraobis meTaurebi, am jgufebTan koordinaciiT dasxmodnen Tavs banaks, rom banakis tyveebs gaqceva moexerxebinaT. samwuxarod, banakTan axlos germanuli Zalebis koncentraciis gamo, meTaurebma es gegma zedmetad sariskod miiCnies.

osvencimis banakSi patimrebis xeliT damzadebuli sanTebela, romelic vitolds aCuqes

1 943 wels vitoldma dawera dokumenti, romelic istoriaSi Sevida „vitoldis angariSis“ an „pileckis angariSis“ saxelebiT. es iyo pirveli masala nacisturi sakoncentracio banakidan, romlis meSveobiTac gare samyarom iqauri ambebis Sesaxeb miiRo informacia. vitoldma aRwera is saSinelebebi, rasac nacistebi osvencimSi sCadiodnen – adamianebze eqsperimentebi, gazis kamerebi, xalxis tanjva-damcireba.

vitold pilecki

varSavis ajanyebis muzeumi

varSavis ajanyebis monawileebi

varSavis ajanyebis mebrZoli

vinc qalaq varSavaSi moxvedeba vfiqrob, saintereso unda iyos varSavis ajanyebis muzeumis monaxuleba. es muzeumi Zalian kargad, sainteresod da STambeWdavad aris mowyobili. TviTon ajanyeba 1 944 wlis 1 agvistodan 2 oqtombramde grZeldeboda da es iyo erT-erTi didi da Rirseuli epizodi poloneTis istoriaSi. ra Tqma unda, ajanyebaSi vitoldmac miiRo monawileoba.

1 944 wels gasagebi gaxda, rom nacisturi germania meore msoflio omSi damarcxdeboda. okupirebuli poloneTisTvis es imas niSnavda, rom erT totalitarul monstrs Caanacvlebda meore – sabWoTa kavSiri. polonelebma gadawyvites, sabWoTa jaris moaxloebasTan erTad, Tavad gaeTavisuflebinaT varSava germanelebisgan, raTa sabWoTa okupaciaSi ar moqceuliyvnen.

ajanyeba daiwyo 1 agvistos. meamboxeebma gaaTavisufles varSavis centraluri ubnebi, Tumca, Semdeg rTul mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndnen. dasavlelma mokavSireebma ver SeZles polonelebisTvis qmediTi daxmarebis gaweva. rogorc ki polonelebi varSavaSi ajanydnen, sabWoTa jarma winsvla gaaCera – moskovs ar awyobda polonelebis mier qalaqis gaTavisufleba, amitom ajanyebis mimdinareobis dros sabWoelebs germanelebis winaaRmdeg varSavaSi ar umoqmediaT. sabWoTa jari axlodan uyurebda rogor anadgurebdnen nacistebi qalaqs da maT xelaxla mxolod imis mere Seutia, rac varSava miwasTan gaaswores. moskovisTvis xelsayreli iyo nacistebis xelSi poloneTis maqsimalurad ganadgureba da rac SeiZleba meti poloneli patriotis daRupva – es patriotebi xom Semdeg komunistur borotebas aRudgebodnen win iseve, rogorc nacisturs ebrZodnen. moskovis mizani ki iyo ara poloneTis gaTavisufleba, aramed germanuli batonobis sakuTriT Canacvleba.

ajanyebamde vitoldi, romelsac 1 944 wlis TebervalSi meTaurobam kapitnis samxedro wodeba mianiWa, CarTuli iyo axali saidumlo organizaciis SeqmnaSi. misi daniSnuleba iyo winaaRmdegobis organizeba axlo momavalSi mosalodneli sabWoTa okupaciis dros. magram roca varSava ajanyda, vitoldma ver gaZlo da brZolaSi CaerTo, Tavidan – rogorc rigiTi meomari, Tavisi vinaobis gamxelis gareSe. varSavaSi germanelebsa da polonelebs Soris Zalian mZime quCis brZolebi gaimarTa. bevri poloneli oficeri daiRupa. amis gamo vitoldma Riad gamoacxada vin iyo da amis Semdeg maleve gaxda aseulis meTauri.

polonelebi 63-dRiani brZolebis Semdeg damarcxdnen. vitoldi 5 oqtombers tyved Cavarda, germanelebma igi samxedro tyveTa banakSi gagzavnes.

meamboxeTa jvari – samxedro jildo, romelic pileckis varSavis ajanyebaSi brZolisTvis mianiWes

didi adamianebi

vitold brZola pileckis ukanaskneli

1 945 wlis 8 maiss nacisturi germania danebda. evropaSi meore msoflio omi dasrulda. magram evropis aRmosavleT nawilSi nacisturi tirania sabWourma Caanacvla. ase moxda poloneTSic, sadac batonobdnen komunistebi da umZimesi danaSaulebiT cnobili sabWoTa uSiSroebis samsaxuris – enkavedes agentebi.

Semodgomaze vitoldi poloneTSi dabrunda. nacistebTan umZimesi brZolebis, Semdeg ki sabWoTa represiebis gamo, polonuri winaaRmdegobis moZraoba Zalian dasustebuli da daSlili iyo. vitoldma TiTqmis nulidan daiwyo axali faruli qselis awyoba, raTa poloneTis TavisuflebisTvis brZola gagrZelebuliyo. iseve, rogorc nacisturi okupaciis dasawyisSi, mas hqonda sxvadasxva Cveulebrivi samsaxuri, raTa komunisti okupantebi mis vinaobas ar mimxvdariyvnen.

1 946 wlis ivlisSi vitolds dasavleTidan Seatyobines, rom misi poloneTSi yofna komunistebisTvis cnobili gaxda da rom mas ukve eZebdnen. amis gamo poloneTidan dasavleTSi gadaxvewa SesTavazes, magram vitoldma uari Tqva. amave dros, komunistebma poloneTSi represiebi gaamkacres. isini apatimrebdnen da klavdnen nacistebTan brZo

vitoldi komunistebis e.w. `sasamarTloze“

lis liderebs da aseve yvelas, visganac poloneTis TavisuflebisTvis brZolas elodnen.

1 947 wlis 8 maiss komunistebma vitoldi daapatimres. komunisturi e. w. „sasamarTlo“ Semdegi wlis gazafxulze gaimarTa. vitoldTan erTad „asamarTlebdnen“ sxva polonel patriotebsac. sinamdvileSi, aranairi sasamarTlo ar yofila. komunistebs surdaT Tavisufali, demokratiuli poloneTis momxreebis Tavidan moSoreba. „sasamarTlos“ speqtakli maT dadges mxolod amis gasaformeblad da vitoldisa da sxvebis mimarT ciliswamebis gasavrceleblad.

vitoldi komunistebis patimrobaSi

beWedi vitold pileckis sagvareulo gerbiT

komunistebis „sasa marTl om“ vi tolds sasikvdilo ganaCeni ga mouta na. igi sikvdili T dasajes 1 948 wlis 25 maiss . misi c xedari sai dumlod damarxes, raTa ver avis mi ego pativ i misi saflavisTvis.

mas Sem deg, r ac 1 989 wels poloneTi gaTavisufl da ko munist uri diqtaturisgan, vitold pileck is xsov nas sak adrisi pativi ergo. pirvelad i Tqva x mamaRl a, rom vitoldi iyo qveynis T avisuf lebisT vis mebrZoli patrioti. mas sxvadasx va jil do da wodeba mianiWes, maT Soris, 200 6 wels – pol oneTis umaRlesi jildo – Te Tri ar wivis o rdeni. vit oldze iwereba wignebi, iRe ben mxa tvrul da dokumentur filmebs. misi dawer ili an

vitold pilecki

gariSi osvencimis Sesaxeb 201 2 wels inglisurad gamosces da mas udidesi mniSvnelobis istoriuli dokumenti ewoda.

vitold pileckim Tavisi cxovreba XX saukunis or udides borotebasTan – sabWoTa ruseTTan da nacistur germaniasTan brZolas miuZRvna. am brZolaSi mters yovelTvis ufro didi Zala hqonda, magram vitolds es ar aCerebda. man yvelaferi gaakeTa, rac ki SeeZlo, raTa adamianebs ecxovraT Tavisuflad da ara – totalitarul monobaSi. amiT man bolomde moixada Tavisi adamianuri va

li.

sabolood, nacizmic da komunizmic daemxo. is saqme, romelsac vitoldi emsaxureboda, sxvebma ganagrZes da poloneTSi Tavisuflebam gaimarjva – swored im mxarem, romelzec vitoldi iyo. rac Seexeba im or borot Zalas, isini iyvnen ara mxolod poloneTis, aramed mTeli kacobriobis mtrebi. ase rom, maT winaaRmdeg brZolaSi vitoldi yvela CvenganisTvis iRvwoda, imisTvis, rom Cven dRes SegveZlos Tavisuflad cxovreba.

kacobriobis istoria rTuli ram aris. boroteba dedamiwaze dResac arsebobs da iarsebebs momavalSic. vitold pilecki da misi cxovreba ki kvlavac kaSkaSa magaliTia yvelasaTvis, visac ar unda, rom borotebam gaimarjvos.

vitold pileckis memoriali