Shade 6-7 by ko ko

Shade Journal Vol:6,No-7

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Shade Journal Vol:6,No-7

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Shade Journal Vol:6,No-7

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14Budrfajrmuf EkdifiHwumrD;yHk;ysH pkaygif;ysHoef;rIudk Mr. Peter Blaser OD;aqmifaom EkdifiHjcm;om; rD;yHk;ysHpD;eif;olrsm;u tr&yl& awmiforeftif;apmif;wGif azazmf0g&Dv 3&ufaeY eHeuf (7)em&Dtcsdeu f pD;eif;ysHoef;aMumif;od&onf/ Ekid if jH cm;om; rD;yH;k ysH ysHoef;a&;tzGUJ onf awmiforeftif; twGif;ü avwkdufckdufEIef;wGufcsufjcif;? avvrf;aMumif;BudK wifprf;oyfjcif;rsm;jyKvkyfí tav;csdef 3000uDvdkrDwm&SdNyD; ukArDwm 2000rS 3000t&G,&f dS rD;yH;k ysHrsm;jzifh tjrifah y 3000 txufrSysHoeff;jcif;jyKvkyfMuonf/ rD;yHk;ysHpkaygif;ysHoef;ae&m odkY awmiforef0ef;usifaejynfolrsm;vma&mufMunfh½IMuNyD; "mwfyHk0goem&Sifrsm;ESifh AD'D,dkorm;rsm;u "mwfyHkESifhAD'D,dkvm a&muf½dkuful;Muonf/ ]qGpv f rl sdK; Mr/ Oeter Blaser tygt0if Ekid if jH cm;om; 30OD; ygw,f/ 'DaeY rD;yHk;ysH 6vHk;? vl 18a,mufpD;w,f/ reufjzefrSm vnf; pD;OD;rSmyg/ awmiforefrmS yJp;D jzpfzrYkd sm;ygw,f/ &moDOwk om,m&if tvGwcf ek f (Free Fall) ysHoef;jyr,fh rD;yH;k ysHorm;awG &JU avxJ0JysHoef;wmudkvnf; awGU&rSmyg}[k Golden Express Tours Cp,Ltd rS rEÅav;½H;k wm0efcH OD;aZarmifoe d ;f uajymonf/ Ekid if w H um rD;yH;k ysHpak ygif;ysHoef;a&;udk 1999ckEpS u f pwif í jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif; ysHoeff;cJh&m [dkw,fESifhc&D;oGm;vma&;0ef Bu;D |me\vrf;ñTerf jI zifh Golden Express Tours Co.Ltd rS wm0ef ,lysHoef;rIjyKvkyaf y;onf/ rEÅav;NrKd UwGif azazmf0g&D 3&uf? 4 &ufp;D eif;Ny;D aemuf 6&ufaeYwiG f yckuLú ESit hf eD;wpf0u kd ?f 7&ufrS 9&uftxd yk*HNrdKUe,f teD;wpf0dkufwGif pD;eif;ysHoef;rnfjzpf aMumif;od&onf/ atmifjrifjh rif(h ppfuikd ;f ) yxrOD;qH;k iSuaf ysmoD;? tke;f oD;udyk J uefawmhyt JG jzpf bmjzpfvAYkd 'k b ¨ momawGjyKvkyf MuovJqdkwm odoavmuf ajymjyay;ygr,f/ a&S;vGeaf v NyD;aomtcgu bk&ifBuD;wpf yg; [m awmu pm;xGu&f if;eJY awmeufBu;D xJuakd &mufomG ; ygw,f/ tJ't D cgrSm olrY mS tpm vnf;rpm;&a&vnf;raomuf &wmaMumifh armarmyef;yef;eJY tyif&n S Bf u;D wpfyif&UJ atmuf rSmtoD;wpfvHk;udk acgif;tHk; Ny;D awmhtyd af ysmfomG ;cJyh gw,f/ tJ'v D t kd yd af e&if;reufr;dk vif; awmhbk&ifBuD;tdyfaewJh reD; ra0; em;u iSuw f pfaumifu ae bk&ifBuD;udk r*"pum;eJY 'DtoD; udkpm;ygvdkY ajymvdkuf wJhtcg bk&ifBuD; vnf;Adkuf u qmaeawmh iSufuav; ajymwJhtoD;av;udkt0pm; vdkufygw,f/ vlwdkYrnfonf um; tpm;taomufpm;NyD; &ifaomufp&ma&vnf;vdv k m w,fav/ tJ'geJY bk&ifBu;D u iSuu f av;udak omufp&ma& b,fu&Ekid rf vJvaYkd r;wJt h cg rSm iSuu f av;u toiftek ;f NyD;tdyfwJh toD;udkcGJNyD; txJ ua&awGuakd omufEidk af Mumif; ajymjyay;ygw,f/ 'geJYbk&if BuD;vnf; olacgif;tkef;tdyf NyD;wJhtoD;udk xkcGJNyD;awmht xJua&awGuakd omufwt hJ cg tm;tifawGjynfhwmeJY rdrd&JU wkid ;f jynfujkd yefomG ;cJyh gw,f/ bk&ifBu;D [m olw Y idk ;f jynf udka&mufwmeJY olqufvuf Ny;D awmhwidk ;f jynfrmS bk&iftjzpf aexkid Ef idk af tmiftiftm;awG jzpfapwJih u S af ysmoD;eJt Y ek ;f oD; udak us;Zl;&Sirf sm;jzpfw,fqNkd y;D trSww f &eJrY rd &d UJ aus;Zl;&Sirf sm; udu k efawmhwt hJ cg'Diu S af ysm

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p&mvnf; rvdo k vdu k efawmh yGJvnf;xkd;p&mrvdkay/ tm#mem#d,okwrf mS ygwJh e*g;? *VKef? ukrP Ç ?f ,u©? *E¨AÁ wdq Yk w kd m ylaZmfzrYkd [kwyf gbl;/ &Sdckd;zdkYvnf;r[kwfygbl;/ od Mum;rif;&JUtrdeaYf Mumifh a0ó 0Pfewfrif;pwJhewftaygif; wdkY[m omoemMunfndKol rsm;udk apmifha&Smufay;&yg w,f/ tJ'v D kd olwaYkd pmifah &Smuf wmudk rdrdwdkYuiSufaysmoD;? tk e f ; oD ; pwmawG ol w d k Y t wGufwifzkdYrvdkay/ 'gaMumifh uefawmhyGJqdkwm Ak'¨bmom ,Ofaus;rIt&omjzpfay:vm jcif;jzpfNyD; ewfpwmawGudk yl aZmfyozdjYkzpfay:vmjcif;r[kwf ygbl;qdkwm em;vnfvmvdrfh r,f x if y gw,f / pmzwf o l tm;vHk; udk,fpdwfESpfyg;csrf; omMuygapvdkY qkawmif;ay; vsuf/ t&Sifaumrv @qefeDaerif; (omoewuú o D v "r® m p&d , ) B.A(Buddhism),M.A (University of Kelaniya)

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vlrIulnDa&;vkyfief;rsm;udk tcsdefjynfhaqmif&Gufay;ae onfhjyifOD;vGifNrdKU oEdÅokcvlrIulnDa&;toif;odkY jyifOD;vGif ynme'Dynma&;taxmuftuljyKtzGUJ rS vlemwif,mOf(4)pD; ay;tyfvSL'gef;aMumif;od&onf/ vlemwif,mOf(4)pD;udk ynme'DtzGUJ rS csif;awmifwef; om oemjyKq&mawmf? EkdifiHawmfA[dk&foHCmh0efaqmif? EkdifiHawmf 0denf;"dk&fOD;awaZmom&([m;cg;)rS a&pufcsw&m;a[mMum; vSL'gef;Ny;D vlemwif,mOfvLS 'gef;rIatmifyt JG xl;w&m;yGrJ sm;udk Zefe0g&D 14? 15? 16&ufaeYrsm;u jyifOD;vGifNrdKU cJv,fpmoif wkdufwGifusif;y&m csif;awmifwef; omoemjyKq&mawmf? cJ vnfpmoifwdkuf y"meem,uq&mawmft&SifaomyguESifh tm&Stvif;a&mifazmifa';&Sif;q&mawmf? b'´EÅpdEédwwdkYu a[mMum;Muonf/ plyguyfpweftrsdK;tpm; vlemwif,mOf 4pD;udk ynme'D ynma&;taxmuftuljyKtzGJUrS tm&Stvif;a&mif 0g;bdk;a& q&mawmf\Mo0g'udck , H í l tvSL&Sif 450cef\ Y tvSLaiGjzifh 0,f ,lvSL'gef;&m umvwefzdk;usyfodef; 600zdk;vSL'gef;cJhonf/ atmifjrifjh rif(h ppfuikd ;f )

tdE´d,a*[mwGifa&;qGJaomyef;csDq&mwdkh\ yef;csDum;rsm;udk EkdifiH(20)wGifjyornf rEÅav;NrKd U tdE, d´ aumifppf0ef½;kH tdE, d´ a*[mwGiaf &;qGJ aom jrefrmyef;csDq&m(20)OD;wdkY\ yef;csDvuf&mum; (20)udk tdE´d,oH½Hk;\tpDtpOfjzifh EkdifiH(20)wGifjyornfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/ jrefrmyef;csDq&m(20)OD;tm; tdE, d´ aumifppf0efcsKyfa'guf wm r'rfrdk[efaqwDrS zdwfMum;í yef;csDa&;qGJap&m? a&;qGJNyD; yef;csDum;rsm;udk Zefe0g&D 26&ufaeYu tdE, d´ jrefrm,Ofaus;rI taiGUtoufygaom yef;csDum;rsm;jzpfojzifh tdE, d´ Ekid if o H ½H ;kH rS tqdyk gyef;csDum;rsm;udk tdE, d´ Ekid if t H ygt0ifEidk if aH ygif; 20wdüYk jyornfjzpfaMumif; yg0ifa&;qGJolyef;csDjrifhxGef;(rEÅav;)u ajymonf/ tdE, d´ or®wEkid if aH wmfaeY tvHwiftcrf;tem;wGif jrefrm yef;csDq&m tif*gOL;a&;qGaJ om MAHA BARAH trnf&dS yef;csD um;BuD;udk tdE´d,aumifppf0efcsKyf rEÅav;xH rEÅav;yef;csD um;BuD;udk tdE´d,aumifppf0efcsKyf rEÅav;xH rEÅav;yef;csD q&mrsm;u vufaqmifay;tyf&m tdE´d,aumifppf0efcsKyfu yef;csDq&mrsm;tm; TiTAN em&Dwpfv;kH pDvufaqmifjyefvnfcsD; jr§ifhaMumif;od&onf/ atmifjrifhjrifh(ppfukdif;) Shade Journal Vol:6,No-7

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Shade Journal Vol:6,No-7

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Shade Journal Vol:6,No-7

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Shade Journal Vol:6,No-7

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onf/ tqdkyg tEkynm&Sifrsm;teuf aroef;EkrSm ESpfESpfquf wkduf ESpfBudrfwkdifwkdiftu,f'rDqk&&SdcJholjzpfygonf/ 2ESpfqufwkduf 2a,mufwGJ twlwl& ½ky&f iS t f u,f'rDorkid ;f wGif tu,f'rDpifjrifah y:odEYk pS Bf urd f wkdifwkdif twlwlwGJwufcJhzl;aom tu,f'rDqk&SiftwGJrsm;pGm &Sad omfvnf; ESpEf pS q f ufwu kd t f wlwu JG m pifjrifah y:odw Yk ufciG hf &aom tu,f'rDtwGJ[lí wpfwGJom&Sdygonf/ ¤if;wdkYtwGJrSm o½kyfaqmif&mwGif twGJnD½Hkomru t u,f'rDcsif;uyg eD;pyfaom &efatmifEiS ahf roef;EkwjYkd zpfygonf/ ¤if;wdkYESpfa,mufrSm 1995ckESpfwGif yk*HrSmomwJhvZmwf um;ESifh tu,f'rDqktwlwl&cJhovdk 1996wGifvnf; tvif; azsmhaumif;uifZmwfum;ESihf tu,f'rDtwlw&l &Scd ahJ omaMumifh tu,f'rDpifjrifah y:odYk ESpEf pS q f ufwu dk f ESpaf ,mufwt JG wlwl wGJwufcJh&jcif;jzpfygonf/ ½kyf&Sifxl;cRefqk tu,f'rD(7)qkESifh trsm;qHk;pHcsdefwif xm;ol / OD;ñGe0Yf if;yifjzpfonf/ tEkynmavmuudk pwif0ifa&muf pOfuyif tu,f'rD(8)ck&atmifBudK;pm;rnf[laom&nf&G,f csufudk ESifwHwpfckozG,foabmxm;um Zmwfum;rsm;udkBudK; pm;½dkuful;aeaom OD;ñGefY0if;rSm olY&nfrSef;csufESifhvufwpf urf;tvdkwGifrSmom&Sdawmhonf/ OD;ñGe0Yf if;rSm Aefwv kd al v;ESio hf Zl m(1968)? cspfo0l ikd ;f 0dik ;f vnf(1971)? wwd,t&G,f\ 'kwd,a0'em(1983)wdkYwGif Zmwfaqmifq(k 3)qk&&Scd NhJ y;D ? oDwmckEpS w f ef(1993)? olu Y RefrcH NyD(1997)? qefa&(2002)ESifh vQdKU0SufaomESif;(2004)wdkYwGif Zmwfyq Ykd (k 4)qk&&Scd ahJ omaMumifh tu,f'rDorkid ;f wpfavQmuf wGif tu,f'rDtrsm;qH;k (7)qkjzifh OD;ñGe0Yf if;u a&SUqH;k rSae&m ,lxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ pmrsufESm(13)okdY Shade Journal Vol:6,No-7

pmrsufESm(12)rStquf tu,f'rD 6qk&SifESpfOD; tu,f'rD 6qk&&Sdxm;Muonfh tEkynm&SifESpfOD;uawmh bbOD;okcESifh udk&efatmifwdkYyifjzpfygonf/ OD;okc&&SdcJhaom tu,f'rD 6qkv;kH rSm 'g½du k w f mqkcsnf;jzpfovd?k &efatmif&&Scd hJ aomqk 6ckvHk;rSmvnf; Zmwfaqmifqkcsnf;yifjzpfonf/ OD;okcyxrqHk;tu,f'rD&&SdcJhaom 1954ESifh aemufqHk; &&Scd ahJ om 1975wdrYk mS 21ESpu f mG a0;Ny;D &efatmifyxrqH;k &&Scd hJ aom 1991ESifh aemufqHk;&&SdcJhaom 2006ckESpfwdkYrSm 15ESpfom uGma0;aomaMumifh tu,f'rD 6qk&&SdcJholESpfOD;teuf ESpfwdk twGi;f rSm tu,f'rD 6qk&&SEd idk cf o hJ rl mS &efatmifyifjzpfonf/ bbOD;okcrSm tu,f'rD 6qktjyif (1)tvuFmausmfpmG bGUJ ? (2)vlrx I ;l cRef yxrtqif?h (3) yckuLú OD;tke;f az\ wpf oufwmpmayqk? (4) tmqD,H jyefMum;a&;qk? (5) pmayyg&*l bGJUESifh (6) 0dZÆmynm xl;cRefwHqdyf yxrtqifhwdkYudkvnf; &&Sd cJyh gonf/ xyf q if h t u,f ' rD r sm; jrifjh rifch if? armifwifO;D ? ausmf[ed ;f ? Munfp;dk xGe;f ? aroef;Ek ESihf oef;ñGe(Yf yef;om)udu k akd |; wdrYk mS 5xyfurG ;f tu,f'rD qk&iS f rsm;jzpf Muonf/ MunfMunfa|;? csdKNyKH ;? cspfrif;vl? rdrYk jYkd rifah tmif? ESihf ausmuf jzL(ya'om)wdrYk mS av;xyfurG ;f tu,f'rDq&k iS rf sm;jzpfMuonf/ oHk;xyfuGrf;tu,f'rDqk&Sifrsm;rSm xGef;a0? aropf? OD; ausmufv;kH ? 0g0g0if;a&T? cifoef;Ek? OD;pHat;? OD;pef;armif? cifoD wmxGef;? aeatmif? *DwvkvifOD;udkudk? vGifrkd;? xGef;td`E´mAdkvf ESihf armifNird ;f rif;wdyYk ifjzpfonf/ wpfESpfxJwGif qktrsdK;tpm;wpfckxJü yl;wGJ&&Sdolrsm; 1952ckepS w f iG f pwifcsD;jri§ chf ahJ om tu,f'rDukd owfrw S f xm;aom trsdK;tpm;(1)rsdK;twGuf qkwpfqkomcsD;jr§ihfcJh&mrS 1994ckEpS rf pS wifí tEkynmtm;aumif;vQit f m;aumif;ovdk yl;wGcJ sD;jri§ v hf mcJo h nfu(kd 1994rS2002)ckEpS t f wGi;f awGU&S&d onf/ jrefrmpum;t& yl;wGJ[ktvG,fa&;aomfvnf; qkwpfqk udk yl;wGJay;jcif;rsdK;r[kwfbJ qktrsdK;tpm;wpfrsdK;xJudk ESpfqk cGJumyl;wGJay;jcif;udkqdkvdkygonf/ yl;wGJtrsdK;om;Zmwfaqmifqkrsm;udk 1995wGif &efatmif ESifhpdk;ol? 1996wGif &efatmifESifhausmf&Jatmif? 2000wGif &ef atmifEiS hf oD[wifp;kd ? 2001ckEpS w f iG f rif;armfueG ;f ESiv hf iG rf ;dk wdYk u &&Scd yhJ gonf/ yl;wGt J rsdK;orD;Zmwfaqmifqrk sm;udak wmh 1994wGif pd;k jrwf olZmESihf rkrYd jYkd rifah tmif? 1996wGif aroef;EkEiS hf xufxufr;dk OD;wdYk u&&Scd yhJ gonf/ tvm;wl ñGe0Yf if;ESiZhf if0idk ;f wdu Yk 1997wGiv f nf;aumif;?

Shade Journal Vol:6,No-7

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Shade Journal Vol:6,No-7

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Shade Journal Vol:6,No-7

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Shade Journal Vol:6,No-7

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Nidr;f csrf;a&;aumifprD OS uú| OD;apma|;armif(c)OD;xdeaf rmif? (5) jynfaxmifpt k qifNh ird ;f csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;a&;tzGUJ ESihf KNU/ KNLANir d ;f csr;f a&;aumifprD t S qifjh rifNh ird ;f csr;f a&;aqG;aEG;a&;tzGUJ wdkYonfESpfbufoabmwlnDaomae&m?oabmwlnDaom t csdeu f mvwGiaf wGUqHí k e,fajrwnfNird af t;csrf;a&;?zGUH NzKd ;wk;d wuf a&;?wyfzJGU0ifrsm;tajccsaexkdif?vkyfukdifpm;aomufEkdifa&;ESifh xm0&Nird ;f csr;f a&;&&So d nftxdqufvufaqG;aEG;&efoabmwlonf/ (6) yPmrNird ;f csrf;a&;aqmif&u G Nf y;D onfah emufwiG f wpfzuf Ekid if üH a&muf&adS eaom wkid ;f &if;om;wd\ Yk jyefvnf0ifa&muft ajccsaexkdifrnfhae&mwGif ¤if;wdkY\pm;0wfaea&;? ynma&;? usef;rma&;? vrf;yef;qufo, G af &;? a&? rD;tp&So d nfh zGUH NzKd ;a&; vkyfief;rsm;twGuf tvQiftjref taumiftxnfazmfaqmif &GufEkdifa&;twGuf EkdifiHawmfrScGifhjyKí udk,fxludk,fxvkyf aqmifciG u hf kd yHyh ;kd oGm;rnf/ (7) KNU/KNLA Nidrf;csrf;a&;aumifpDrSwifjyxm;aom Nidrf; csrf;a&;t"dygÜ ,fziG q hf ckd sufrsm;tay: rltm;jzifo h abmwlí ESpf OD;ESpfbufrS BudK;yrf;oGm;rnfjzpfygonf[líjzpfygonf/ vufrSwfa&;xdk;Mu&mwGif u&ifjynfe,fNidrf;csrf;a&;azmf aqmif&;tzGUJ rS tzGUJ acgif;aqmifu&ifjynfe,fvNkH cKH a&;ESihf e,f pyfa&; &m0efBu;D Adv k rf LS ;Bu;D atmifviG ?f ta&SUawmifppf|mecsKyf OD;pD;t&m&Sd(yxrwef;) jynfolYppf'kwd,AdkvfrSL;BuD;ausmfjrifh? u&ifjynfe,f e,fpyfzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;OD;pD;|me? 'kwd,ñTef Mum;a&;rSL;OD;oufaemif?u&ifjynfe,fOya'csKyfO;D ode;f vGiw f Ykd ESihf KNU/KNLANidrf;csrf;a&;aumifpDrSA[dkaumfrwD0ifrsm;jzpf MuaomOD;apm&ifE?k a'gufwm aemfuay:xl;? OD;apmt,faumfx;l ? OD;apm*sdK;Zufwu Ykd toD;oD;vufrw S af &;xd;k Muygonf/ awGUqHkaqG;aEG;yGJtNyD;wGif EkdifiHawmfor®wBuD;rSay;tyf aomNidrf;csrf;a&;vufaqmiftjzpf qeftdwf(500)udkvnf; aumif;? SkyNet½kyo f zH rf;puf tpH(k 20)udv k nf;aumif;? trSwf w&vufaqmifrsm;udv k nf;aumif;?jynfaxmifpt k qifNh ird ;f csrf; a&;aqG;aEG;a&;tzGJUacgif;aqmifOD;atmifaomif;?'kwd,tzGJU acgif;aqmif OD;odef;aZmfESifhtzGJU0ifrsm;uay;tyfMu&m KNU/ KNLA Nidrf;csrf;a&;aumifpDrS Ouú|OD;apma|; armifESifhtzGJU 0ifrsm;utoD;oD;vufcH&,lMuygonf/xdkYaemufESpfbufNidrf; csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;a&;tzGUJ 0ifrsm;trSww f & pkaygif;rSww f rf;wif "mwfyHk½dkuful;MuaMumif;owif;&&Sdygonf/ SHADE

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