Dairy Planner - Nov. 2017

INR 100

HARBIL/2004/22481

Vol.14 | No. - 11 | November - 2017

Union Finance Minister Arun Jaitley announced that the total allocation for rural, agricultural and allied sectors for 201718 is a record Rs 1.87 Lac crore which is 24% above from what was allocated last year.

‘Dairy India', an industry publication, has pegged the Indian market for milk and dairy products – in terms of the value paid by consumers – at around Rs 5.25 Lac crores in 2015.

With promise to boost Dairy economy, present Govt. announced earmarking of Rs.8000 crores for this sector. It is necessary as felt for a long time by Dairy Industry that infrastructure created four decades ago needed overhauling. It was the demand of the dairy sector as the existing infrastructure had become obsolete. The cooperative sector did not have funds to invest. The infrastructure created during the Operation Flood movement had become 30 to 40 years old was the statement of R.S. Sodhi, Managing Director of Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation (AMUL).

The Union Budget announced creation of Dairy Infrastructure Development Fund of Rs 8000 crore over next three years which Nabard the apex rural bank, (National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development) will streamline. In the first year, the government announced to give Rs 2000 crore. Sodhi feels that this is a huge investment and will help create an additional rural income of Rs 50,000 crore per annum. It will have a multiplier effect on the rural economy and especially the dairy sector. This is the first time after independence that such a large fund has been allocated for the dairy sector. Industry stalwarts are ofthe opinion thatthe current domestic milk processing capacity is about 850 LLPD (Lac Liters per day).

Thatincluded 450 LLPD of private dairies and 400 LLPD of cooperatives. Itis suggestedby industry thatthebenefitsofthis fundshouldbe extended to private dairies also and it should not be limited to just cooperatives, as it was during Operation Flood. Most of the capacities in the last decade or more have come up under the private sector, without any government assistance. “The target for agricultural credit in 201718 has been fixed at a record level of Rs 10 lakh crore,” Jaitley said in his Budget speech. An additional incentive of 3 per cent is provided to farmers for prompt repayment of loans within due date, making an effective interest rate for them at 4 per cent. To help farmers get better value for their produce, he said that a model law on contract farming will be circulated among states. Additionally, Jaitley reiterated the government's earlier goal of bringing in more regulated agriculture markets on the electronic National Agriculture Market (eNAM) platform. Bringing dairying in the ambit of digitalization will help dairy farmers get more profits. For that purpose spread of interevitable.

C O N T E N T S

Dairy Sector's Star Position In Budget 2017

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Management Of Dairy Cattle In Winter Season

8

Stress, Reproduction And Management

9

Feeding Of Dairy Cattle

12

Hygienic And Economical Disposal Of Livestock Farm Manure

13

Importance Of Persistency In Crossbred Cattle

15

News

16

Recipe

25

26

Upcoming Event

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Editorial

From the Pen of Chief Editor

Jowar (sorghum) - A Cereal Forage For Dairy Animals

Amul

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Godrej Agrovet

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Indus Food

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Pixie

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#923, Sector-9, Urban Estate, KARNAL - 132001 (Haryana) INDIA

OUR TEAM

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBER

Vishal Gupta

Dr. J Tamizhkumaran

Managing Director vishal@pixie.co.in

M.VSc., PGDEP., Ph.D. (Ph.D in Veterinary & Animal Husbandry Extension Education)

N.K. Gupta General Manager + 91 999 170 5005 pcslkarnal@gmail.com

Email : dairy.pcsl@gmail.com | info@pixie.co.in Website : www.pixie.co.in

Dr. Mohanlal Shende BVSc&AH ,PGDBIM

Rakesh Kumar Founder - Growel Agrovet Private Limited

Aparna Marketing Manager + 91 999 170 5007 dairy.pcsl@gmail.com

Dr. Sanjay K Latkar Alembic Pharmaceuticals Ltd Mumbai

Dr. Rabi Ranjan Naik Website : www.pixie.co.in 04

M.VSc.Scholar, Department of Livestock Prouducts Technology, Madras veterinary collage, TANUVAS, Chennai

Editorial Policy is Independent. Views expressed by authors are not necessarily those held by the editors.

Registered as Newspaper by Register of Newspaper for India : RNI No. HARBIL/2004/22481 Editorial & Advertisements may not be reproduced without the written consent of the publishers. Whilst every care is taken to ensure the accuracy of the contents of Dairy Planner. The publishers do not accept any responsibility or liability for the material herein.

Publication of news, views and information is in the interest of positive Dairy industrial development in India . It does not imply publisher's endorsement. Unpublished material of industrial interest, not submitted elsewhere, is invited.

The Submitted material will not be returned.

Publisher, Printer : Mr. Vishal Gupta on Behalf of Pixie Consulting Solutions Ltd. Karnal.

Printed at : Jaiswal Printing Press, Jain Market, Railway Road Karnal.

Published at : 923, Sector-9, Urban Estate, Karnal132001 (Haryana) Editor-In-Chief : Mr. Vishal Rai Gupta All Legal matters are subject to Karnal.

DAIRY PLANNER | VOL. 14 | NO. - 11 | November 2017

JOWAR (SORGHUM) - A CEREAL FORAGE FOR DAIRY ANIMALS the sweetness of the juice within the stalk, which is not related to juiciness.

Sweet forage sorghum is preferred by livestock and likely to be consumed more if used as green chop, hay or bundle feed. Stalk sweetness appears to be of no concern if the crop is to be ensiled because most of the soluble plant sugars are converted to organic acids in the fermentation process.

Under drought conditions, sorghum leaves tend to fold rather than roll. A heavy white wax (bloom) usually covers sorghum leaf blades and sheaths, protecting them against water loss under hot, dry conditions.

Botanical Name: Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench Family: Poaceae (alt. Gramineae) Subfamily: Panicoideae, Tribe: Andropogoneae

Botanical Description Introduction Sorghum is indigenous to Africa and most of prevalent varieties originated on that continent. Sorghum was also grown in India before recorded history and in Assyria as early as 700 BC. Sorghum, besides being fifth most important cereal crop of the world, is also valued for its fodder and stover.

Sorghum fodder is suitable for silage and hay making. In India, fodder sorghum is grown in 2.6 m ha mainly in western UP, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan and Delhi and fulfils over two third of the fodder demand during Kharif season. Forage sorghum plant grows 6 to 12 ft. tall and produces more dry matter tonnage than grain sorghum.

Sorghum is fast-growing, warm weather annual that can provide plenty of feed in midsummer during lean period. Sorghum is best suited to warm, fertile soils whereas cool, wet soils limit its growth. The crop tolerates drought relatively well, though adequate fertility and soil moisture maximize sorghum yields. The plant becomes dormant in the absence of adequate water, but it does not wilt readily. Growth resumes when moisture conditions improve.

Sorghum plants, particularly young plants, contain an alkaloid, which 05

releases hydrocyanic, or prussic acid, when hydrolysed. This can be toxic to livestock. When the crop is cut and field-cured, or is ensiled, the hydrocyanic acid degrades (2 to 3 weeks after ensiling), greatly reducing the toxicity. During periods of drought or other stresses, sorghum tend to accumulate nitrates, which can be toxic to livestock. If retarded crop growth is observed, forage needs to be analysed for excessive nitrates before feeding. In the case of high nitrate levels, the forage should be ensiled or combined with other feeds low in nitrate to reduce daily nitrate intake.

The buds formed at the nodes often develop into branches. Buds that form near the crown develop into grainproducing tillers. The tillers develop their own roots but remain attached to the old crown. The culms or stalks of forage sorghums are juicy. If the pith is not juicy, the midrib of the leaf becomes white because of the air spaces in the tissues; when these air spaces are filled with juice, the colour is more neutral.

Because of this difference in moisture content, optimum time for silage varies for juicy and non-juicy stalked varieties.

Another variation between varieties is

The plants are annual or short-lived perennial without rhizomes; culms 0.3–4 m tall often robust, the nodes glabrous or pubescent. Leaf-blades variable, often large, 5–75 cm long, 5–70 mm wide. Panicle linear to broadly spreading, 10–60 cm long; primary branches compound, ultimately bearing racemes of 2–7 spikelet pairs.

Sessile spikelet lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 4–9 mm long, glabrescent to white pubescent, sometimes tomentose or fulvously pubescent, awnless or more often with an awn 5–30 mm long. Pedicelled spikelet linear to lanceolate, male or barren, smaller than the sessile.

Cultivation Practices Normally 2–3 harrowing are required before taking up planting as rain fed crop andsown with the onset of monsoon.

Seed rate is 10 kg/ha for single cut and 25 kg/ha for multicut sorghum. Optimum spacing is 45 cm between rows for multicut sorghum and 30 cm forsingle cut sorghum. Fertilizer application of 100 kg N and 60 kg P2O5/ha for multicutsorghum and 80 kg N and 40 kg P2O5/ha for single cut sorghum is recommended. In foragesorghum, the mixed cropping is also practiced with

DAIRY PLANNER | VOL. 14 | NO. - 11 | November 2017

fodder legumes, viz., Pigeon pea, cowpeaand cluster bean, in 2:1 ratio to improve fodder yield and quality.

Since HCN is present in sorghum especially in early stages up to 40–50 days, propercare has to be exercised during harvesting for avoiding HCN poisoning. Single cut varietiesare harvested from 50% flowering to full bloom and in multi cut varieties, the first harvestis taken at 55 days after sowing and subsequent cuts at 40 days interval.

Kotresh Prasad C., Deepandita Barman and Girish Panchbhai LPM Section, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana

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Vol.14 | No. - 11 | November - 2017

DAIRY PLANNER | VOL. 14 | NO. - 11 | November 2017

MANAGEMENT OF DAIRY CATTLE IN WINTER SEASON In India in few state there is extreme weather condition were found , Temperature go's down the far below than normal in such metrological condition animal as well as human can't perform his normal physiological functions smoothly .During December – January month such condition is on peak . In such adverse climatic condition proper management of livestock is a great challenge we have to take care of animals spicily lactating and pregnant one .Following parameters we need to consider for proper farm management in winter.

A. Shelter Management Shelter management is a key factor to overcome on the adverse climatic conditions . Cartons must be used if you are keeping animals in the loose housing system to stop the flow of cold wind at animal level . It is possible with readily available materials like Bamboo ,Tadpatri , dry grasses ,paddy straw guinea bags , jute bags etc. Sunlight is the best medium to keep farm free from infection access of direct sunlight inside the shade will allow to keep farm free from infectious agents and it is readily available source but in case of winter sunlight availability go's less day is short and most of the time its cloudy and fog is there . We have to think for another alternative.

It is also advisable that animals should be exposed to direct sunlight most important things is floor should not remain wet ,drainage system should be standard and ask labor to clean the shed 3 times a day to maintain hygienic conditions .In this season various diseases like Pneumonia ,Fever diarrhea is common. If we not put proper attention than there is possibility of death also .

B. Bedding Management suitable bedding is the one of the important 08

factor to keep animals warm in cold climatic conditions 4-6 inches depth bedding is advisable for large animals and 2 inches for small animals. Direct contact with floor lead to more loss of body temperature so it advisable to keep away. Paddy straw dry grass wheat busaetc should be used for bedding purpose now a days commercial material is also available to keep animals warm which also protect from adverse climatic conditions .Good ventilation is also important factor to keep farm hygienic which also help to expel ammonia gasses from shed .

C. Personal Hygiene & Nutrition animals must cleaned regularly with clean and soft material or brush .

Hair should not be clipped during this season .bathing with cold water should be avoided.

Always try to provide good quality nutrition and balanced diet .During winter climate temperature go's down up to 100 C to 50 C for proper physiological function body temperature should be maintain at 1010 C to 1020 C to keep body warm above the environmental temperature .Body require extra supplementation of protein & Energy .Berseem is the most easily available green fodder which contain high protein and water which support and help for lactating as well as growing animals .Concentrate cake are also options for optimum energy production subject to economic conditions .If green grasses is not available than 20-30 kg of leguminous fodder can be used with 10 kg of wheat bhusa for feeding large animals . Apart from above 3 kg of concentrate mixture will be helpful to maintain the body temperature .Good quality 40-50 kg green fodder also provide

the required energy to the animals which ensure up to 10 lit of milk production .

D. Prevention In this season need to take care of Nitrate toxicity and blot conditions for this leguminous fodder should be mixed with either non leguminous or wheat bhusa etc. adding of 2% mineral mixture like Alvite M chelated and 1% salt in concentrate feeding is helpful .Product like KHURAK ,SHARKOFERROL and ALVITE –M chelated mineral mixture is highly beneficial to maintain the animal health during this adverse climatic condition .Clean fresh lukewarm water should be given to the animals for proper physiological health .

Regular deworming is beneficial to reduce the worm load MINTHAL bolus and MECTIN Inj is best remedy to keep control over Endoparasites.

For other best alternative remedies vet advice is preferable.

Dr. Sanjay K Latkar, Dr. Santosh Shinde, Dr. Amit Singh, Dr. S. Midhun & Dr. Ramesh Jagtap Alembic Pharmaceuticals Ltd Mumbai

DAIRY PLANNER | VOL. 14 | NO. - 11 | November 2017

STRESS, REPRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT

Stress may be defined as a real or interpreted threat to physiological or psychological integrity that results in physiological and/or behavioral responses or a state of disharmony, or threatened homeostasis. It has become a serious concern in the modern day Dairying due to an ambitious vision and uncaring by the man, who in the interest of maximizing production, has p a r t i c i p a t e d u n c o n s c i o u s l y, b y manipulating animal production in its way thus, resulting in unforeseen consequences. That's why nowadays “Stress free Animal Husbandry” has gained more concern in both extensive and intensive methods of animal production system.

The Animal body has an inherent capacity to withstand stress to maintain homeostasis by altering its biological mechanism, known as a zone of comfort, which differs according to the species and animal breeds. If it crosses the limit, the consequences will be abnormal biological functions and development of pathologies leading to decreased productivity of the livestock.

Some important indicators of stress in an animal are the alterations in the frequency of respiration, feeding, behavior and most impor tantly reproduction.

Reproduction is a luxurious process exhibited by animal fir st to be negatively affected and last to show positive response in optimum conditions which solely depends on overall health of the animal. Situations in which sur vival of animal is in 09

question, the reproductive events are put on hold thus indicating that it necessitates the complete well-being of the animal. Hence, of all the body systems, the reproductive system is most expendable when homeostasis is in jeopardy and survival of the individual most often comes before reproduction. In situations, where adaptation to stress is compromised, the animal faces pre-pathophysiological state which may lead to pathologies like sub fertility and reproductive disorders, mastitis, disturbed immune function, and infections.

Types of Stress Environmental stress Given the geographical location of Indian subcontinent, it is very prone for Heat stress and an early reproductive response to heat stress is the decrease in the intensity and duration of estrus (5-6 hours less than the normal duration of estrus in tropical areas) or silent heat and subsequently low fertility especially in buffalo. Exposure of pregnant domestic females at high ambient temperatures and humidity, which often occurs during the summer months, can disrupt the balance between the factors responsible for the maintenance of pregnancy resulting in pregnancy failure. Also, heat stress leads to low feed consumption which in turn compromise animal's reproductive e f fi c i e n c y. I n I n d i a n c o n d i t i o n , compromised reproductive activity is seen in cattle during winter season.

Nutritional stress As most of the production system in India is agricultural byproduct based the challenge of malnutrition is most evident and a grave concern. As the ration is not balanced the animals encounter an acute deficiency of trace

minerals and vitamins, which is reflected on the reproductive performance of the animal as most of the trace nutrients are involved in the biochemical pathways of reproduction.

During advanced stages of pregnancy females consume less food as most of space in the abdomen is occupied by the pregnant uterus consequently, there may be insufficient availability of nutrients. So, the animal loses its body condition which is very difficult to regain. Nutritional and metabolic stress around parturition in the high yielding dairy cows terminates into sub-fertility and reproduction disorders.

Lactational stress / Metabolic stress It is encountered in high milking animals which is mostly observed in organized herds and foreign countries but it is not the case in india as major cattle population are reared by marginal farmers not intended for production purpose but only for milk production as per the need of their family members. It is surprising to see that Indian farmers are feeding and caring their animals as they are emotionally attached even though their animals are non-productive.

Lactational stress leads to reduced feed intake by the animal also reduced feed conversion efficiency. To cope with the demand for lactation the animal further invests its own energy reserves by catabolism in turn resulting in a state of negative energy balance. Therefore, ovarian activity is inefficient or suspended during the first 6 weeks of lactation which may even be extended

DAIRY PLANNER | VOL. 14 | NO. - 11 | November 2017

of offspring. Stress can directly alter maternal care through neuroendocrine systems. Ÿ

Behavior of offspring Prenatal maternal stress has been shown to affect postnatal physical outcome, and the development, behavior, and stress responses of the offspring.

Prenatal stress induces developmental and behavioral disorders. Female progeny are reported to become bad mothers.

Stress of weaning produces weaning shock predominantly in kids.

Stress Management

further if animal experiences a stressful environment. These catastrophic events result in a prolonged post partum estrus interval, days open and inter calving inter val ultimately compromising reproductive efficiency of the animal.

mating, inefficient disease diagnosis and treatment methods and lack of exercise to the animal leads to an substantial amount of stress which is manifested directly on the psychology of the animal thus, on reproductive efficiency.

Transportation stress

Effect of Stress at Multiple Stages of Reproductive Process

Transportation of the animal over long distances itself leads to a stressful encounter to the animal which can be augmented by improper transportation facility, high stocking density and transporting incompatible animals together. This may result in abortion of pregnant animals, anestrus in normal animals due to aberrations in the physiology due to stressful conditions.

Excessive mobilization of females around insemination also leads to failure of fertilization events, embryonic mortality thus infertility.

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Gamete maturation Stress results in disturbance of spermatogenesis and disturbance of folliculogenesis due to alteration in follicular fluid c o m pa r t m e n t , re d u c e o o c y te quality and increase chance of fertilization failure.

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Pregnancy Early embryonic loss in livestock is common due to stress.

Increased incidence of spontaneous abortion, preterm delivery and low birth weight may also result from it along with reduced fetal size.

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Post-par tum behavior Stress during gestation alters postpartum maternal care and the development

Stress due to improper management Housing with an aggressive animal, mixing of animals from different herds, different age groups and of different physiological states, mobilization of animals frequently for different purposes, slippery floors, insufficient mangers, close confinement, frequent changing of attendants or improper handling, use of aggressive bull for 10

Mating / Copulatory behavior Depression, anxiety and chronic stress may interfere with central and peripheral pathways of the sexual response (decreased sex drive). Heat stress dampens estrus behavior, estrus intensity and length.

Stress can be reduced by improving managerial practices and providing optimal inputs.

Diet:- To prevent nutritional stress, a balanced and complete diet along with area specific mineral mixture timely and as per the need in different physiological states should be offered to the animal. Use of anti-stress products - like Stress check, Restobal, Transmix and Immunoshakti along with Vitamin C (Celin tab) should be prescribed by field veterinarians.

Housing:- The stress due to environment in extreme climatic condition can only be minimized by shelter management, taking good care of environmental temperature and ventilation. Provide a ventilation system that controls body temperature; Implement water sprinklers; Animal protection against solar radiation, directly and indirectly, through shadows or appropriate ceilings; Provide shade during feeding and drinking to increase feed intake in animals with heat stress; Provide water sprays, or spray baths in the hottest part of the day; Try to have animals with white fur, as they are the most easily absorb heat and therefore are less sensitive to heat stress; Develop genetically adapted animals, as they may be less sensitive to heat stress. By

DAIRY PLANNER | VOL. 14 | NO. - 11 | November 2017

spraying water on animals especially buffaloes for 2 to 3 days af ter insemination, improves pregnancy rates considerably. Cows need to be cooled as much as possible throughout the summer, in order to improve fertility. Supplementation of thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine in feed has shown to reduce heat stress. Use of gunny bags and blower during winter season is quite effective to combat winter stress in cattle.

Overcrowding/ isolation:- Psychosocial needs of the animal are to be addressed. Isolation and overcrowding should be avoided. Provide the required area per animal as per comfort in the Production Unit as well as in animal shed.

Transportation - restraint/captivity:Transpor tation stress should be minimized and avoided during breeding periods. Animals in captivity should be provided with conditions simulating as far as possible, its natural habitat.

Lactational stress:- To minimize it, avoid supplementing calcium externally to the animal during last trimester of pregnancy, as it may compromise calcium metabolism of the animal thus predisposing it to milk fever. In post partum diet ensure a nutrient rich diet containing all the essential nutrients as the intake of the animal is less, an effort should be made to supply all requirements in a small quantity. Completely milk the animal avoiding any leftovers in udder, keep the floor of the shed clean and dry to prevent the risk of development of mastitis.

High milk yielders are predisposed to milk fever, mastitis and lameness.

Clinical mastitis has been shown to 1. Increase the time between calving and when the cow is first inseminated 2. Increase the time between calving and when it gets pregnant 3. Increase the number of services per pregnancy 4. Increase the proportion of cows which are culled because they are not pregnant 5. Increase the abortion rate in early pregnancy Subclinical mastitis can also affect fertility has been shown to 1. Reduce the conception rate (the probability an inseminated cow will become pregnant) 2. Alter the timing of ovulation relative to the start of oestrus 3. Result in irregular inter-oestrus intervals.

Lameness may also directly affect fertility by altering behaviour - lame cows are less likely to be seen in oestrus and if they do show oestrus they will show it less intensely and for a shorter

There are many ways through which mastitis and lameness produce its impact on fertility. Probably the most important is through inflammation; inflammation produces prostaglandins, one of which, PGF2α cause luteolysis and pregnancy failure. So, reducing the inflammation could be a valuable way of improving the fertility of cows.

In a nutshell, minimizing all possible stress conditions that an animal undergo ultimately improve the general well-being, productivity and fertility of animal.

Abhishek Kumar¹, Puneeth Kumar Ds¹, Sandeep Kumar Chaudhary², Rohit Kumar Jaiswal³ and Sheelendra Kumar⁴ ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P-243 122 ¹PhD Scholar, Animal Reproduction Division, ²PhD Scholar, Animal Nutrition Division, ³PhD Scholar, LPT Division, ⁴PhD Scholar, P&C Division

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period than non-lame cows. These effects may also be mediated by the effect of lameness on feed intake.

Lameness, like mastitis, is highly stressful so also has significant effects on ovarian function. It is also an inflammatory process, so just like mastitis, is associated with reduced risk of conception and increased number of services per pregnancy.

In India’s most preferred Dairy Magazines DAIRY PLANNER | VOL. 14 | NO. - 11 | November 2017

FEEDING OF DAIRY CATTLE The genetic potential of today's dairy cows is very high and still increasing.

Feed and feeding strategies are becoming more and more important. It is well known that the amount of milk produced is highly influenced by the amount and quality of the feed given to the cow. It is also possible to influence milk composition through feeding.

Early lactation As the cow normally experiences a shortage of nutrients in early lactation, it is important to feed the cow a well balanced diet and maximise the dry matter intake. An unbalanced diet i n c re a s e s t h e r i s k of m e t a b o l i c disturbances and weight loss, which have a negative effect on milk yield.

The recently calved high producing cow is unable to eat enough feed to support her milk production. This means that she should have enough reserves of stored nutrients to be drawn to tide over the period of heavy demand in early lactation, during which period the cow loses weight.

Challenge feeding: This starts two weeks before the expected date of calving. Cows with high milk production potential are fed increasing quantity of concentrates to challenge them to produce at the maximum levels. This challenge feeding will condition her digestive system for the increased amount of concentrates of early lactation and provide enough nutrients to initiate lactation on a higher plane.

Feeding at a higher plane of nutrition during dry period and in early post partum period in milch animals is advantageous in many ways. This is the theory behind challenge feeding. In challenge feeding there is a stepwise increase in amount of concentrate fed to pregnant animals. This feeding regimen provides a challenge to the animal to eat more (maximize energy intake) so as to produce at their maximum level. It has been suggested

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that feeding concentrates in late gestation promotes the development of ruminal papillae, which take between 4 to 6 or 6 to 7 week to fully develop and which may result in improved absorption of Volatile fatty acids during early lactation. This conditions the digestive system of the animal for increased intake of concentrate postpartum to support high milk production. It provides impetus to the animal to start lactation on a higher plane. Challenge feeding not only improves the production performance of the animal but also improves reproductive performance and helps in reducing the incidences of metabolic disorders. Fatty liver and Ketosis are the two most common metabolic disorders during early lactation For challenge feeding, two weeks before the expected date of calving start feeding 500g of concentrate mixture.

Daily increase this amount by 300-400g until the cow is consuming 500-1000g concentrate for every 100kg body weight. After calving , start increasing the concentrate allowance by500g daily in the first weeks of lactation until the cow is eating concentrates on an almost free choice. This should be continued until the cow achieves peak yield somewhere in the second month of lactation. After this the milk yield should be tested and the concentrate allowance has to be fixed accordingly.

Feeding cows in mid and late lactation The nutrient deficit period of early lactation is followed by a relatively stable period during which the cow can consume enough feed to meet the various demands for nutrients and the body weight of the cow remains more or less stable. During this period the cow maybe fed a well balanced ration of god q u a l i t y f o d d e r a n d c o n c e n t r a te according to the milk yield and fat percentage of milk.

During the late lactation, intake ability of the cow exceeds nutrient needs. This

is the time when the cow starts needing extra allowance for the growing foetus.

This is also the period when the cow can readily replenish the already depleted body reserve and gain weight very fast.

From 7 ½ month to 10 months of lactation, cow may be fed 1-2 kg concentrate feed in addition to their nutrient requirement for maintenance and milk production to replenish the condition lost in early lactation.

Feeding the dry cow Proper management and nutrition of the dry cow are critical for obtaining maximum dry matter intake, good health, increased reproductive e f fi c i e n c y, a n d o p t i m u m m i l k production in the following lactation.

Feeding a balanced diet, monitoring body condition, and providing complete health care are the cornerstones of a successful dry cow program. Dry cows should be kept separated from the milking herd so that the proper forages and concentrates can be allotted to them. Heavy feeding of forages can result in excessive protein, calcium, and potassium intakes, which make the cow more susceptible to udder edema, milk fever, ketosis, downer cow syndrome, and possibly certain types of reproductive problems c a u s e d b y p ro t e i n a n d m i n e r a l imbalances. The grain requirement for a dry cow is often minimal. On medium quality forage diets, usually only a minimal amount of grain is needed to meet the energy needs of dry cows. At least 3 pounds (1.3kg) of grain per head be fed daily throughout the dry period.

Feeding this amount will maintain a rumen microbial population that is adapted to a ration containing grain and will increase mineral absorption.

The grain also should reduce the occurrence of digestive and off-feed problems at calving. Grain intakes at higher levels (>2.2% of body wt.) may Continue page on...14

DAIRY PLANNER | VOL. 14 | NO. - 11 | November 2017

HYGIENIC AND ECONOMICAL DISPOSAL OF LIVESTOCK FARM MANURE Introduction Manure is organic matter, mostly derived from animal feces except in the case of green manure, which can be used as organic fertilizer in agriculture.

Manures contribute to the fertility of the soil by adding organic matter and nutrients, such as nitrogen, that are trapped by bacteria in the soil. Higher organisms then feed on the fungi and bacteria in a chain of life that comprises the soil food web. It is also a product obtained after decomposition of organic matter like cow dung which replenishes the soil with essential elements and adds humus to the soil.

Animal manure Most animal manure consist of feces.

Common forms of animal manure include farmyard manure (FYM) or farm slurry (liquid manure). FYM also contains plant material (often straw), which has been used as bedding for animals and has absorbed the feces and urine.

Agricultural manure in liquid form, known as slurry, is produced by more intensive livestock rearing systems where concrete or slats are used, instead of straw bedding. Manure from different animals has different qualities and requires different application rates when used as fertilizer. For example horses, cattle, pigssheep, chickens, turkeys, rabbits, and guano from seabirds and bats all have different properties.

For instance, sheep manure is high in nitrogen and potash, while pig manure is relatively low in both. Horses mainly eat grass and a few weeds so horse manure can contain grass and weed seeds, as horses do not digest seeds the way that cattle do. Chicken litter, coming from a bird, is very concentrated in nitrogen and phosphate and is prized for both properties.

Daily Manure Production Per Animal Ÿ

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We have estimates of manure production

- 4.5 kg/day/hd manure)

for swine (liquid

- 45-50 kg/day/hd for dairy cow (liquid) - 25-30 kg/day/hd for beef cow (liquid) Ÿ

Solid portion ~ 13-15% of total

Disposal of farm Waste Animal waste contains many beneficial constituents that if recycled effectively, can be used as fertilizer for crops, fodder for animals and to produce energy. Animal manure is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

Application of organic waste decreases the bulk density of the soil by increasing both the organic fraction of the soil and the stability of aggregates.

Organic wastes also improves Ÿ

Water filtration rate,

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Water holding capacity and

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The hydraulic conductivity of the soil.

All these properties of animal waste will be available only if they are carefully managed. If not they might cause detrimental effects on the environment.

The most common environment concern with animal wastes is that it affects the atmospheric air with offensive odors, release of large quantities of CO2 and ammonia which might contribute to acid rain and the green house effect. Proper disposal and returning of nutrients back in the soil without pollution and spreading of diseases/pathogens, is required for efficient utilization of wastes on large farms.

Two types of animal waste are produced

other waste is flushed together and in the second method the solid and liquid wastes are separated and used as manure.

The first method can be adopted in places where there is plenty of water to be forced and also in buffalo farms where the dung voided is watery in consistency. In these types of Animal sheds a U-shaped gutter or drain should be located longitudinally to the long axis of the shed. Outside the shed the liquid manure from each shed can be connected to a main shed preferably a closed one. The main drain leads the liquid water to a liquid storage tank from where it can be pumped to agricultural lands for manuring.

In the latter method where solid and liquid manure are separated, a special pit has to be constructed to allow the solid waste to get decomposed. The pit should be far away from water sources, animal and human habitations to avoid fly menace and spread of diseases.

While planning for constructing a pit due attention should be given to the labor required in transporting and the mode by which the manure will be shifted to the pit.

Disposal of Manure Frequency of Removal of Manure: Twice daily Ÿ

Different methods for disposing solid waste and slurry are used.

Handling and utilization of slurry is more difficult. Various methods for the disposal of these wastes along with its efficient utilization are shown in Fig. 1

(I) Solid waste (dung) (ii) Slurry Collection of Manure Construction of manure pits depends upon the management practice followed in a farm. The first method may be in which manure along with

Fig. 1: Farm waste disposal and utilization

DAIRY PLANNER | VOL. 14 | NO. - 11 | November 2017

Various techniques used are Ÿ

Composting, Biogas production (anaerobic fermentation), Aerobic oxidation in ditches/Lagoons/lakes, Direct application in field, Use as fish feed in fish ponds, For growing a l g a e ( d i l u te d s l u r r y ) , O t h e r techniques (less popular) recycling as filler in animal feed (i.e. poultry waste in cattle feed, etc.).

Out of the above mentioned techniques most commonly employed are (I) Composting (ii) Biogas production (anaerobic fermentation) (iii) Direct application or application of slurry after aerobic oxidation.

Composting In composting pile of solid waste is collected in pit 1.5 m deep and 3×4 meter dimension or large as per requirement (3 cubic meter/adult animal units) as per one design (Allnutt design described by R.G. Linton). This design has two pits with walls on all

three sides covered on top with temporary roof to prevent desiccation, and alternative filing and emptying has been suggested.

The front side should have a gutter which should be filled with cresol and water to control fly breeding and the front side should have a vertical sliding shutter to prevent debris falling into the gutter. The manure should be dumped and well packed in each compartment separately. While one is filled and packed, fermentation and decomposition occurs in the other which was filled earlier.

The manure should be turned p e r i o d i c a l l y t o e n s u re u n i f o r m decomposition; this also enhances the destruction of larvae of parasites that are normally present in the dung.

During composting frequent mixing of waste is required. The manure from other livestock farms like sheep, goat, pig and poultry can be decomposed in the similar manner. After piling within 24 hours temperature rises to 50°C and within 3-8 days it reaches to 70°C. Thereafter it falls to 50°C. C: N ratio and

moisture are important in this process.

Biogas Production (Anaerobic fermentation) This is one of the best methods for waste disposal a n d u t i l i z a t i o n a n d e x te n s i v e l y exploited in Japan and China.In this process organic matter is converted into volatile fatty acids which is in turn by the action of anaerobic bacteria (methanigenic bacteria) is converted to CH4 and CO2. The slurry is valuable product for using in fields. periodically solid sludge has to be removed. Upper water is used for irrigation after mixing with fresh water or directly also.

Direct Application of Waste in the Farm Land When large farm land not in productive use is available then direct application of solid waste by spreading or slurry by sprawling can be carried but this method is not an efficient method of utilization of farm waste due to loss of nutrients, problem of pathogens and sometimes causing toxicities to the plant grown on this type of land.

*Prajwalita Pathak¹, Rebeka Sinha² Vivek Kumar Nayak³, and Deepandita Barman⁴ ¹’²PhD Scholar, ³MVSc Scholar, Animal genetics & Breeding Division, ³PhD Scholar, Livestock Production and Management Division National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana

Contd of... Page 12

result in more cows, developing udder edema or having displaced abomasum, higher incidence of metabolic disorders, and off-feed problems. Cows in late pregnancy have a high requirement for vitamins A, D, E and selenium, Vitamin A is known to prevent premature, weak and stillborn calves and retained placenta. Providing vitamin A orally in a commercial dry cow premix (100,000 IU/day) or by intramuscular injection at drying-off prevents any 14

FEEDING OF DAIRY CATTLE deficiencies.Vitamin E and selenium supplementation are necessary to enhance the body defenses to protect the cow from challenge by infectious agents. This is best administered by inclusion in the ration (vitamin E, 1000 IU/day and selenium, 3 mg/day during the dry period.). Dry cow rations should be evaluated and balanced to provide correct amounts of vitamins A, D, E and selenium.

Conclusion Feeding is a major factor

that determines milk production, growth, body condition and overall health hence dairy cattle should be fed adequately with the required nutrients.

J.Razia Sultana (Ph.D Scholar), B.Raju (M.V.Sc) Department of Livestock Production Management College of Veterinary science, PVNRTVU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad

DAIRY PLANNER | VOL. 14 | NO. - 11 | November 2017

IMPORTANCE OF PERSISTENCY IN CROSSBRED CATTLE Introduction Persistency of milk yield during the lactation is an important lactation curve parameter. It can be defined as the ability of animal to maintain milk production at a high level after peak production or usually refers to the rate of decline in daily yield after peak of lactation A more persistent animal has more productive life and hence more milk yield so high persistency is necessary to maintain high level of production. Economically milk production depends mainly on peak yield and persistency of milk production.

Persistency of lactation is the ability of animal to continue producing milk at a high level after reaching the peak of lactation. The peak yield is maintained for a shorter duration and thereafter, it declines progressively till the milk secretion ceases. The main aim of animal breeder is to enhance genetic improvement in important economic traits. Despite crossbred cattle being more productive than indigenous cattle, poor persistency remains as a concern that needs to be addressed. The success of dairy industry is much dependent on the level of production and reproductive traits of the animals. The main income for most dairy farmers is based on milk, fat and protein yields. As a matter of fact, if profits are a function of returns minus costs, reduction of costs must be considered to improve profits when increases in returns are limited. A way to reduce costs is to distribute the same total yield more equally over the whole lactation. The distribution of lactation yield is known under the name of persistency of lactation yields, often simply called persistency.

Methods for measuring persistency Several methods for measuring persistency of lactation yield have been developed but none of methods universally fit a given condition. The different methods of persistency calculation can be classified into three groups 15

05

1. Exponential cure 2. Ratio of production in one or more parts of lactation to the production in other part of lactation 3. Regression coefficient (Measures based on mathematical models) Lactation curves The parameters linked to the lactation curve are i. The level of production ii. The production increase towards peak yield The production decrease after peak yield The milk production of a cow can be subdivided into three par ts. An ascending phase between calving and peak yield, a near constant production around peak and a descending part after peak yield. Lactations failing to show the first phase or showing steadily increasing production are called atypical lactations.

T h e s e c o n d g ro u p s t h a t c a n b e distinguished as measures of ratios between partial, maximum or other yields. The third group of criteria contains measures of persistency of lactation based on mathematical models. The most common mathematical model is based on Wood. For multiple regression models persistency can be linked to slope of the decreasing phase of lactation. Random regression models can provide breeding values for individual day (test days) yields and for partial, total or other lactation yields than persistency measures can be developed out of these values.

Milk production starts at a relatively high rate and the amount secreted continues to increase for about 3-6 weeks. After a peak is attained, milk production gradually declines. The increase in milk yield in early lactation may be attributed to an increase in the secretion rate per cell, which is partially associated with increased milk flow through the mammary gland. On the other hand, the decrease in milk yield after peak

production is associated with a die-off of secretory cells as well as hormonal changes Conclusion More persistent cows have lesser feed intake cost and contribute to more economic returns from animal by increasing the lactation milk yield, resulting in increased profitability.

Economy of milk production depends mainly on milk produced in different lactations. Milk yield in a lactation depends mainly on persistency, peak yield and lactation length. More persistent animal produces relatively higher milk and therefore, longer productive life. Low individual persistency of milk yield is governed by certain genetic and non-genetic factors..

More persistent animals have been reported to have higher lactation milk yields. Selection for total milk yield and persistency concurrently would contribute to high total milk yield. Good management practices would help in improving the persistency of milk yield and consequently the total lactation yield. The knowledge of persistency of lactation yield is very important for managing dairy farm profitability by decreasing input cost and increasing the lactation milk yield.

Dr. Saleem Yousuf Ph.D, Scholar Animal Genetics and Breeding Division ICAR- NDRI, Karnal

DAIRY PLANNER | VOL. 14 | NO. - 11 | November 2017

NEWS

ORAL WALLACE REAPING BENEFITS FROM RE-ENERGISED DAIRY INDUSTRY

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a i r y f a r m e r O r a l Wa l l a c e remembers when there was a downturn in the local dairy industry.

However, since the launch of the Drink Real Milk campaign almost two years ago, he has been reaping immense benefits, When I entered the dairy industry, I was feeling a bit down. You had to deal with frequent praedial larceny and there was also a milk glut because consumers were gravitating more towards imported milk powder,he recalled, But now, real milk is very much in demand. Thanks to the Drink Real Milk campaign there is renewed consumer consumption in locally produced milk . Even the current processors of powdered milk are interested in getting back into real milk production,added Wallace, Wallace's farm is situated in Rhymesbur y, Clarendon. It was recently visited by two animal nutritionists from the Nuscience Group in The Netherlands. Nuscience is a key partner for feed manufacturers worldwide and a global player in animal feed, nutritional concepts and feed additives in the animal nutrition industry,The visit, organised by Drink Real Milk partner Nutramix, had the 16

nutritionists touring several farms islandwide where they offered valuable advice and gave farmers recommendations on the rearing and care of their animals, as well as about improving their facilities and farming practices, Wallace, whose farm was one of those that impressed the Nuscience team, shared some of the practices which he has implemented, I pay special attention to the nutrition of my dairy cows,” he explained. “I feed my young calves with Kalvolac milk replacer seven days after they are separated from their mothers. They also have access to Nutramix calf starter and I also give them some roughage, either hay or sugar cane. The heifers are fed with Nutramix dairy developer, which fosters good development. It is important that you give the cows what they require and when they require it, Since I began giving the cows Nutramix milk booster pellets and the Nutravit minerals, I've seen immediate results. I get at least an additional two litres of milk per cow, per day,Wallace also pointed out that a clean and comfortable pen for cattle and on-time vaccination are important practices which provide benefits to

farmers in the long run, The introduction of Ar tificial Insemination (AI) sex semen distributed by Newport Mills Limited has also allowed Wallace to engage in the genetic improvement of his dairy cattle, I saw genetics as one of the pillars to catapult the dairy industry to the next level, he said. “A 55pound female calf was recently born on the farm by using AI sex semen. The results have been really great, Wallace currently has 85 head of cattle and has been managing the farm since 2000.

His parents, who are now retired, ran the farm since 1969,Today, he supplies to milk both Jamaica Beverages and Serge Island,The dairy industry is very profitable, Once you use the correct feeds, proper genetics and have a suitable milking facility, you will make money, he said.

DAIRY SUPER FOOD MUST COUNTER ILLINFORMED MESSAGES

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rom bio security to food safety, from microbial resistance to the environment and the anti-dairy lobby it was all on the table at this year's International Dairy Federation World Dairy Summit in Belfast, Northern

DAIRY PLANNER | VOL. 14 | NO. - 11 | November 2017

NEWS Ireland, Along with several other New Zealand dairy leaders including from F e d e r a te d Fa rm e r s a n d d a i r y companies, I attended this year's conference to learn about the latest thinking, and the collective challenges being faced in the leading dairy nations of the world, No real surprise, but gratifying to know that here in New Zealand we're up with the play and in some areas leading the play in terms of pasture-based farm systems and onfarm sustainability initiatives, And much of what tests us here in New Zealand also occupies our dairy cohorts in other dairying countries, What I've returned home with, is fresh determination that we must make every effort to secure consumer confidence, both about the integrity of the dairy sector, and the quality of dair y foods, Dair y UK chairman Paul Vernon said that the world and the dairy sector had changed massively over the past 30 years, and the way we communicate with consumers has changed too, He told the conference that dairy is a super food, and we need to ensure that this message is heard loud and clear by consumers who are under a constant barrage of misleading and ill-informed messages about dairy, One of our challenges here in New Zealand is to

ensure Kiwi consumers can find their way through the bombardment and know the truth – that there is scientific evidence to prove dairy products constitute some of the most nutritious foods available for human consumption. But that alone won't be enough to ensure dairy remains a growing component of consumer diets, As is the case here, anti-dairy sentiment captures attention, and is a popular subject on social media which, of course, allows for personal opinion and often misleading comment. Like us, our counterparts in other countries often find negative commentary is based on personal preferences, such as veganism, or personal gain, as in commentators doubling as consultants to commercial interests. Whatever the driver for anti-farming sentiment, the global dair y sector must work collectively to ensure balance is heard both in New Zealand and abroad where 95 per cent of our customers and consumers are based, For us in New Zealand right now it's easy to get a little overly focussed on domestic issues like the change of Government and the uncertainty and opportunity that brings. That's why it is so important for our farming leaders to attend conferences like this to get some global

perspective, To date, much of the debate and focus around environmental sustainability in New Zealand has been on water quality. At a global level, it's climate change, water availability, then water quality. We will likely see a greater focus on these from the new Government, reflecting the growing international concerns, which are compounded by geo-political issues, New Zealand is a proud dairying nation, and we are recognised and admired, but also surprisingly feared by some of our global competitors, partly because we have managed our way through adversity over many decades without direct Government support or large domestic markets, Even our collective support for industry good investment and activity through DairyNZ is something most other dairy nations haven't quite emulated, When it comes to the global dairy sector, the chairman of the Australian cheese company, Bega, Barry Irvine, told the conference "competition is good, it d r i v e s i n n o v a t i o n , B u t i t 's n o t competition with ourselves that we face on many of the big strategic issues like climate change or animal care – we need to tackle these together as an industry.

TASMANIAN DAIRY WORKERS OFFER 20PC PAY CUT TO SAVE JOBS

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ore than 100 Tasmanian dairy factory workers have agreed to sacrifice about 20 per cent of their takehome pay in a union-¬approved deal to save their jobs,The National Union of Workers has entered a preliminary deal with the TasAsia Dairy group, which is seeking to buy the UHT milk processing plant at Edith Creek near Smithton from embattled Murray Goulburn, The Australian reports, With all workers set 17

DAIRY PLANNER | VOL. 14 | NO. - 11 | November 2017

NEWS to be made redundant on November 30 when Murray Goulburn closes the factor y which makes UHT milk , processed milkshakes and custards staff have agreed to give up some working conditions and benefits if a new employer buys the plant,The NUW confirmed last night that its discussions with Edith Creek workers and TasAsia Dairy could become a blueprint for a ¬national enterprise bargaining agreement for all dairy processing

workers, In Tasmania we have been working on a new agreement that, while it is specific to Edith Creek at this stage, could be broadened out across the dairy industry and other employers, said NUW ¬organiser Neil Smith, This was a factory that was closing, where everyone would be paid a redundancy but would also be out of work by the end of ¬November; in that community there are not many other jobs they can get, The redundancies won’t be huge

but make a difference; so (the workers) all agreed to put their wages down a bit and wear a bit of pain, if it meant they would keep their full-time jobs long term and the processing plant would be saved, Murray Goulburn chief executive Ari Mervis confirmed it had excluded the Edith Creek factory from a $1.3 billion plan to offload its other nine milk factories in Victoria, Tasmania and NSW to Canadian dairy giant Saputo.

ZERO DUTY TO HIT INDIAN DAIRY INDUSTRY: Amul ‘15 cr. farmers will be impacted by FTA’ that as against 15 crore dairy farmers in India, there were only 12,000 of them in New Zealand and 6,300 in Australia.

‘Duty offers protection’ Currently, the duty on milk and milk products ranges from 40% to 60%, which gives the local industry enough protection to build its competitiveness.

However, if the duty is drastically reduced or eliminated under any FTA, the local industry would find it difficult to c o m p e te a g a i n s t p ro d u c e r s , particularly from RCEP members like Australia and New Zealand — which control more than 35% of the global dairy trade and in excess of 50% of the intra-RCEP trade, Mr. Mehta said.

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he Indian dairy sector, providing livelihood to 15 crore farmers, would be severely hit if import duties on milk and milk products were eliminated under any Free Trade Agreement (FTA) including the Regional Comprehensive Econom ic Par tner s hip (RCEP), according to the local dairy cooperative Amul.

Separately, farmers’ organisations have threatened to hold nationwide protests if the dairy sector is opened up under the RCEP - the proposed megaregional FTA involving 16 Asia Pacific nations including India - or any other 18

F TA i n c l u d i n g t h o s e p r o p o s e d separately with Australia and New Zealand.

Risk of cheaper imports

Yogendra Yadav of Swaraj Abhiyan and All India Kisan Sangharsh Coordination Committee, said, “Any attempt to open up our milk market to international trade under an FTA shall be resisted by all farmers’ organisations, and we will hold nationwide protests.”

Jayen Mehta, senior general manager, GCMMF Ltd. (Amul), who participated in a stakeholders meeting with officials negotiating the RCEP agreement here, told The Hindu that it was important for India to ensure that duties on all Indian dairy products were not eliminated or reduced under the FTA, as cheaper impor ts risked threatening local farmers’ incomes from dairy.

However, New Zealand, out of its annual milk production of 22 million metric tonnes (MMT), exports 19 MMT (or 86% of the produce). Similarly, Australia, of its production of 15 MMT, exports four MMT (or 26% of the production).

Significantly, Mr. Mehta pointed out

Mr. Mehta said India, on the other hand,

DAIRY PLANNER | VOL. 14 | NO. - 11 | November 2017

NEWS is the world’s largest milk producer with 156 MMT of the item produced annually. However, since there is a huge domestic demand for milk and milk products, exports of these items from India is negligible (about 0.5 MMT or 0.3% of the production), he said. While

New Zealand controls 25% of the global dairy trade and Australia around 5%, India’s share is negligible, he added.

However, the Indian farmer has the highest share of consumer price (around 71%) - or, what the farmer gets as percentage of what consumers

spend on milk and milk products - as against Australia (25%) and New Zealand (33%), Mr. Mehta said. He said Amul - owned by farmers and managed by professionals - ensures that 80-86% of the consumer-spend goes back to its dairy farmers.

GST Impact On Dairy Sector in India C

ontrasted with different businesses, the dairy segment has coordinate branches on the drain makers in India. In spite of the fact that most recent data is demonstrative that GST (Goods and Services Tax) would be connected at least 18% on all items, regardless of whether it is pertinent for all dairy items is not yet clear. It would be shocking if such a section is connected to prepared dairy items.

Mandi charge that once was exacted on ghee crosswise over India has been canceled aside from in Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan and that too has been diminished to 2% as it were. Value added tax is demanded at 2-5% on drain powders, 5% on chakka (essential crude material for shrikhand), table margarine, cream, and UHT drain stuffed in containers. As indicated by the current taxation administration there is no tax on any of the new dairy items like a crude drain, pasteurised–packaged drain, dahi, chaach, lassi and their variations.

It is broadly expected that GST will be an amalgam of VAT, excise duty, octroi, entry tax, mandi expense, cess and so on. None of the dairy items pull in excise duty with the exception of the cleaned sweetened-enhanced milk that likewise in not very many states. The Union government has worked out this r a te fi g u r i n g a l l t h e p re v i o u s l y mentioned demands. It would be fitting that the dairy business is named cultivating and the dair y items 19

regarded as homestead create as opposed to prepared sustenances.

The high rate of GST, if connected, would have coordinate ramifications on drain makers. Dairy is maybe the main business that can pay to the milk maker around 70% of what is charged from the customer. No other nourishment handling industry in India can meet such exclusive requirements of the vendors.

Actually, in many nations that have very much created dairy industry, the most astounding extent of the buyer that is passed does not surpass 35% of the sum paid by the purchaser. It is caught that high GST would actuate the business to decrease the drain costs paid to the milk extracting units. The high rate of GST may likewise build the shopper costs of dair y items significantly. The buyer would tend to lessen the utilization of prepared dairy nourishments and also drains. In the event that the shopper moves more towards the conventional seller, the composed dairy segment that has been struggling the market of merchants, would contract in size and significantly lessen its span to the milk producer. This would end the extension and interest in the sorted out dairy part including the cooperatives.

It is notable that milk creation in India has been reliably developing at 4-4.5% every year. This is on the grounds that the milk yielder in India has a consistent ranch to fork linkage through direct

access to the constantly expanding market for milk and milk items. The high rate of GST taxation may switch this cycle. This would bring about a decrease in the costs of the crude drain as paid to the milk producer. The milk units would think that it’s hard to oversee dairy animals and wild oxen.

They may short of making interest in buy of animals resources for expanding milk creation.

It is basic that a milder view is taken while forcing GST administration on the dairy business. The administration should have a rancher driven approach.

Recuperation of low tax through dairy segment ought not to be considered as a misfortune to the national exchequer, however, a speculation that would goad d e ve l o p m e n t i n d r a i n c re a t i o n , guaranteeing national nourishment and dietary security and improving rustic thriving. It ought to make an uncommon class for the dairy business by exempting a wide range of fluid milk, cleaned milk, dahi, chhachh, lassi, shrikhand, paneer and Items like u n p ro c e s s e d M i l k , B u t te r M i l k , Curd,Bread has attracted 0 percent. GST rate while the processed Cream, Skimmed Milk Powder, Branded Paneer are in 5 percent slab rate.

DAIRY PLANNER | VOL. 14 | NO. - 11 | November 2017

Nirmal said, "North East India is one of our primary target markets for our national expansion as it is one of the fastest growing in India, especially in Tetra Pak segment. We have strategized our products in line with the local demand as understand the requirements of the region since we already have presence here for a while. The market for UHT is growing fast and so is the demand for Tetra Paks is emerging as a preferred option of milk consumption in the North Eastern states. Our core focus ..

NEWS

Fino Payments Bank ties up with Mother Dairy and Gokul Dairy

Read //eco ntofin

more at: issued to them. Even the ones with services," said Rishi Gupta, MD & CEO, nomictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/61565581.cms?utm_source=conte smartphones will be able to use the Fino Payments Bank. terest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst mobile banking app of Fino named Bpay.

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ino Payments Bank has tied up with Gokul Dairy and Mother Dairy to digitise payments in the milk industry.

The bank will open accounts for milk pourers who collect milk and deliver it at the milk collection centres across villages.

The fees paid to the milk pourers which was being paid in cash will now be paid digitally into their bank accounts directly, which they will be able to withdraw and use for transactions through a RuPay debit card that will be

In a statement to the media, Fino said that as the largest milk producing nation with over 160 million tonnes of output annually, India has over 15 million milk producers associated with more than 150,000 village dair y cooperatives.

"As the torchbearers of White Revolution, the hard working milk pourer segment across the country deserves to get the benefits of digital banking. While the segment plays a vital role in the nation's growth story, it also needs to be financially secure. With this thought, we have focused on the dairy sector to enable digital payments and going forward we will explore other agro and allied sectors that need digitized payments and banking

With each dairy having thousands of MCCs, Fino plans to add these centres to its banking network thereby increasing its reach and providing enhanced customer convenience.

Gupta said that this will help villagers against the earlier situation where people had to travel quite a distance to the nearest bank to withdraw money at extra cost and loss of income.

"Through our simple and convenient banking model, we would encourage our customers to save money and make payments through bank accounts. As a digital bank, our branches and banking points deploy Aadhaar-based authentication and verification to facilitate secure, safe and paperless banking transactions. Customers also have the option to use BPay, our mobile banking app," said Gupta.

Prabhat Dairy eyeing 10 per cent market share in Northeast India by 2019

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aharashtra based milk and dairy products company, Prabhat Dairy Limited is exploring the possibility of setting up unit in Assam.

Chief Marketing Officer and Business Head, Prabhat Dairy Limited, Nidhi Nirmal who was in Guwahati on Wednesday said, "We are exploring the possibility of setting up possessing unit and talks are going on in this regard with the state government.”

The company currently has two plants in Maharashtra with a daily capacity to process 10 lakh litres of milk and produce 30 tonnes of cheese.

She said, "We are eyeing to capture 10 percent of market share by financial year 2019 and firm up the scale in institutional business in Northeast India.The market for UHT (ultra-heat 20

treatment) milk is growing exponentially with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 32 percent and the company aims to be a major contributor to the industry. To achieve the growth targets, the Company has planned to leverage its existing presence in the region by expanding its product portfolio."

Nirmal said, "North East India is one of our primary target markets for our national expansion as it is one of the fastest growing in India, especially in Tetra Pak segment. We have strategized our products in line with the local demand as understand the requirements of the region since we already have presence here for a while.

The market for UHT is growing fast and so is the demand for Tetra Paks is emerging as a preferred option of milk consumption in the North Eastern states.

Our core focus. would be to build Strong Consumer Connect as we are looking to launch more products in the region soon."

By the end of FY 2018, the company plans to enter and firm up its presence in various Northern, Eastern, Western and Central Indian markets, mainly Tier II and Tier III towns with higher disposable incomes.

Nirmal also announced that the company will soon launch a range of value added products in Delhi, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Assam and firm up its presence in Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.

DAIRY PLANNER | VOL. 14 | NO. - 11 | November 2017

NEWS Investment commitment of $11.25 billion from private sector at WORLD FOOD INDIA

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during the conference. Also, Sri Lanka has shown interest in investing in our state," Prasad told IANS.

he three-day mega food fair ended on Sunday with an investment commitment of worth $19 billion including $11.25 billion from private sector in 50 MoUs signed while many participants said it would help bringing focus on India's food processing sector.

During the World Food India conference, delegates from across the states and over 60 countries held meetings over opportunities and expansion of food processing sector, which many of them called productive, an official statement said.

International government agencies and companies that were also attended the conference said it helped them showcase their products, services and plans in better way.

their products, schemes and projects they have undertaken in order to attract investment.

Food Processing Industries Minister Harsimrat Kaur Badal said the investment included commitment worth $11.25 billion by the private sector, $2.5 billion by states and initiatives undertaken by the Central government, it said.

The Andhra Pradesh government, which had also participated in the exhibition, said the conference would help the state in building strong infrastructure for food processing industries.

She said the conference witnessed participation of 10,000 participants and over 8,000 business to business (B2B) and business to government (B2G) meetings were held.

Y.S. Prasad, CEO of the state Industry Departments' Food Processing Society, said the government had planned 12 food parks in addition to the Central government's plan of 42 such parks across the country.

Many states had their stalls at the conference, where they showcased

"We have signed a MoU with Japan

Kuldeep Bera of Assam Dairy Cooperative Society said the conference was going to help them convincing farmers benefits of food processing.

A Japanese official said the country wanted to promote healthy Japanese processed food as well as raw food products in India.

"We have got good response from as many visitors had shown interest in what we have presented," said the official.

An official from Council of Danish Industr y said companies had showcased their expertise in building infrastructure for food processing sector including cold chain.

Dairies take to tech to for supervising productivity P rivate and cooperative sector dairies in India are increasingly adopting the latest tagging and tracking technologies to supervise the productivity of individual milking animals and dairy farmers to monitor milk supplies and take corrective steps

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quickly to suit market demands.

Through the latest technologies of tagging with smart chips of unique identity, these dairies are constantly registering the productivity and health records of individual animals. This helps them predict productivity fluctuations using data analytics and initiate corrective measures wherever intervention is needed, either directly or by advising the dairy farmers. While Amul and Chitale Dairy are among the early adopters of taggingRFID (radio frequency identification) technologies -

DAIRY PLANNER | VOL. 14 | NO. - 11 | November 2017

NEWS they have been using these for nearly a decade -Hatsun Agro and Dodla Dairy are among newer ones that have adopted these steps. Chitale Dairy had partnered with VMware Technology for tagging and automation of processes in

what it calls a `Cows to Cloud' initiative.

The company claims the technology helped it increase per capita production several folds.

Amul has been using RFID tags on cattle

in its Gujarat farms. India, the world's largest producer of milk, has the highest cattle population globally with a share of 30.39%, according to the US Department of Agriculture.

PETA Urges FSSAI to Label Dairy Products as Non-vegetarian

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eople for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) has written to the Food Safety Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) urging it to label dairy products as 'non-vegetarian'.

The Times of India reports that the animal welfare organisation requested the FSSAI to amend Regulation 1.2.1.7 of the Food Safety and Standards (Packaging and Labelling) Regulations, 2011, by removing the exemption for dairy products from the definition of "non-vegetarian food."

It also urged the FSSAI to make a brown dot symbol mandatory for milk, milk products, and products containing milk solids so that it would distinguish them from true vegetarian options, which are marked with a green dot symbol and contain no animal ingredients or suffering.

"In the dairy industry, cows and buffaloes are used and abused as milk-making

machines until their bodies give out, at which point they're often hacked apart for beef in legal or illegal slaughterhouses or upon being smuggled into Bangladesh.

Meanwhile, male calves usually are abandoned and left to starve or are killed not long after birth, since they can't produce milk," said Dr Manilal Valliyate, chief executive officer, PETA. In the letter, PETA points out that not only is dairy milk not derived from plants, its production also commonly involves violence such as repeated artificial insemination, the removal of calves from their mothers and eventual slaughter, as the dairy industry is the primary supplier of cattle to the beef industry.

The letter also points out the

Organic Farming: A Relief to Farmers

T

he present situation of the farmers and growing incidences of farmer fatalities due to use of chemical fertilizers calls for some immediate resolution and alternative relief for the Indian farmers. Maharashtra has the largest area under cultivation in the countr y and cultivating 41 lakh hectares. The extensive usage of chemical-based pesticides exposes a significantly large population of the farmer community to health risks.

Several deaths due to pesticide poisoning have been reported from 22

Yavatmal district in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra in the last few weeks. The recent tragedies call for educating the farmers on the ills of increased dosages of pesticides and insecticides. The residual effects of synthetic chemical pesticides are harmful to the human body, and switching to organic farming is beneficial for soil, plants and human population.

Chemical-based pesticides when sprayed without covering the mouth and nose, cause adverse skin reactions, burning sensation, dizziness, and

importance of differentiating plantbased foods from those derived from animals because about 75 per cent of people, including three out of four Indians, cannot properly digest milk as they lose their enzymes for doing so after weaning.

PETA's eyewitness investigation of India's dairy industry also documented that animals are routinely kicked and struck, denied veterinary care and forced to stand on piles of their own waste.

headaches. Environmental changes have resulted in huge attacks of bollworm and whitefly on cotton and farmers have had to resort to spraying large amounts of insecticide and pesticides to save their standing cotton crop. The chain reaction of dosage increases production of poisonous chains and carcinogenic effects and when consumed by animals especially milch animals through fodder the harmful effects get passed on to children and humans. Organic fertilizers are usually made from plant or animal waste or powdered minerals.

DAIRY PLANNER | VOL. 14 | NO. - 11 | November 2017

NEWS They are “soil conditioners” when broken down, improve the structure of the soil and increase its ability to hold water and nutrients. Over time, organic fer tilizers make the soil–and plants–healthy and strong. Additionally they are renewable, biodegradable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly.

Mr. HR Gaikwad, Chairman and Managing Director, BVG Life Sciences Ltd comments, “The last decade has seen a rapid growth in the death rate amongst farmers and this has largely been attributed to the excessive use of pesticides and this will only further escalate if the issue is not addressed immediately. Approximately 70% of our economy relies on agricultural income.

Farmers need to be educated about the disadvantages of chemical fertilizers

and benefits of using organic fertilizers.

Use of organic fertilizers will help sustainable development, biodiversity, and productivity of the ecosystem and bring positive changes to our society on the whole”.

“We have conducted trials on cotton crop with our herbal, nano-technology products at more than 100 farmers in Yawatmal district, who have faced serious issues both in terms of crop infestation & personal health related issues due to use of chemical pesticides.

The results are ver y effective in controlling sucking pest, and also shown positive results in vegetative growth, increased flowering and overall growth of the Plant.” Mr. Gaikwad added.

BVG Life Sciences motto is “NonPo i s o n o u s , P r o s p e r o u s I n d i a ”.

Agricultural products distributed by B VG a r e l i c e n s e d b y t h e s t a t e government and Ecocert certified and guarantee a minimum 50% yield increase in one crop season and double in three crop seasons. BVG’s agro herbal products are all natural, nontoxic, food safe, non-carcinogenic, 100 % herbal – nano technology based agro-products that boost immunity, growth, and yield of plants and crops. These are the highly effective and fir st of its kindproducts in India with zero residues. BVG Agro safe, BVG Agros Magic, BVG Agro Nutri & BVG Lithovit are the 4 brands under BVG’s Agro products portfolio. This division also provides very effective herbal products for enhancing milk & for improving quality of milk. It also deals with herbal products for converting non-milking animals into milking animals.

Big meat and big dairy’s climate emissions put Exxon Mobil to shame A g r i c u l t u r e Organization (FAO).

D

id you know that three meat companies – JBS, Cargill and Tyson – are estimated to have emitted more greenhouse gases last year than all of France and nearly as much as some of the biggest oil companies like Exxon, BP and Shell?

Few meat and dair y companies calculate or publish their climate emissions. So for the first time ever, we have estimated corporate emissions from livestock ,using the most comprehensive methodology created t o d a t e b y t h e U N ’s F o o d a n d 23

And before the meat and dairy industries descend upon COP23 to broadcast their “feed the world” narrative, let’s set the story straight: their emissions could lead us to a point of no return according to amp.theguardian.com.

We’ve found that the top 20 meat and d a i r y c o m pa n i e s e m i t t e d m o re greenhouse gases in 2016 than all of Germany, Europe’s biggest climate polluter by far. If these companies were a country, they would be the world’s seventh largest greenhouse gas emitter.

It’s now clear that the world cannot avoid climate catastrophe without addressing the staggering emissions from the largest meat and dair y

conglomerates.

Over the past few decades, the meat and dair y major s have become immensely powerful and have successfully pushed policies to support rapid growth of industrial meat and dairy production and consumption around the world, at all costs.

One consequence, among many, is that livestock production now contributes nearly 15% of global greenhouse gas e m i s s i o n s , e ve n m o re t h a n t h e transportation sector. If production continues to grow as projected by the FAO, emissions will escalate to the point where industrial meat and dair y production alone will undercut our ability to keep temperatures from rising to an apocalyptic scenario.

At the upcoming COP23 climate meeting in Bonn, Germany, the world’s largest meat and dairy companies will tell a different story. They’ll explain that their production is necessary for world food security, and that they should

DAIRY PLANNER | VOL. 14 | NO. - 11 | November 2017

Cows may seem like simple creatures - most of us have seen them grazing with seemingly not a care in the world. Well, there's more to these ruminants than meets the eye. Here are 20 facts you probably haven't heard about cows:

24

DAIRY PLANNER | VOL. 14 | NO. - 11 | November 2017

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DAIRY PLANNER | VOL. 14 | NO. - 11 | November 2017

/ NEWS therefore be let off the hook, or better yet, get incentives for tinkering with their greenhouse gas emissions.

This is not true.

November 2017 Idf World Dairy Summit BELFAST- UK (29th Oct -3rd Nov 2017) www.fil.idf.org/idf-world-dairy-summit2017 China Food Tech (1st -3rd November 2017) Bejing, China Food Tech Expo (3rd -5th November 2017) BTI Ground, Raipur, Chattisgarh www.bsiconference.co.in SWOP- Processing & Packaging (7th -10th November 2017) Shanghai New International Expo Centre, China www.swop@adsale.com.hk Food Tec Expo (9th -11th November 2017) Bombay Exhibition Centre , Mumbai www.ubmindia.in December 2017 4 Plastpack, Agrofood + Bev & Food, Hospitality Trade Fair (5th -7th December 2017) ACCRA International Conference Centre, AACRA, Ghana www.comnetexhibitions.com February 2018 Food tech Pune (23rd -24rd-25th February 2018) Packaging Machinery, Food Products and Allied Industries www.foodtechpune.com March 2018 ANUGA FOODTEC (20th -23rd March 2018) Cologne, Germany www.anugafoodtec.com 26

According to the reports published in amp.theguardian.com these companies produce a vast amount of highly subsidized meat and dairy in a handful of countries where these products are already overconsumed.

They then export their surpluses to the rest of the world, undercutting the millions of small farmers who actually do ensure food security and bombarding consumers with unhealthy processed foods.

In Bonn, the big meat and dairy companies are also likely to spend much time and money talking about efficiency, while expanding production.

They will say that the only way to effectively reduce emissions is by squeezing out ever more milk from each dairy cow or by bringing beef cattle to slaughter ever more quickly.

Such “solutions” would only compound the industry’s horrific treatment of workers and animals and exacerbate the environmental and health crises caused by the industry.

They would also condemn the 600 million small-scale farmers and 200 million herders who depend on livestock for their livelihoods and who do feed billions of people every day with moderate amounts of meat, dairy and eggs. These small producers are the backbone of food systems that can arrest and address climate change.

They are the ones who need to be supported and strengthened.

If we are serious about feeding the planet while fighting climate change, the world needs to urgently invest in a transition to food systems that hinge on small-scale producers, agroecology and local markets.

These systems provide for moderate levels of meat and dairy, but they do so in a way that regenerates soils, provides livelihoods to rural and urban communities and makes crops and animals resilient to the vagaries of an unpredictable climate.

The solutions exist; they just need to be urgently implemented. The first step is to redirect public money from factory farming and agribusiness towards small-scale agroecological family farms. Governments should also use their buying power to support small producers, helping them to build jobs and markets for local products.

Amp.theguardian.com also quoted that as numerous cities make energy choices to tackle climate change, so too should municipalities invest in farm-to-hospital and farm-to-school programs that deliver healthier food and strengthen rural communities while emitting fewer greenhouse gases.

It is time to stop the dairy and meat giants from destroying the climate and shift our support to making our small farmers, herders and ranchers resilient.

Juliette Majot is executive director of the Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy (IATP). Devlin Kuyek is a researcher at Grain.

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DAIRY PLANNER | VOL. 14 | NO. - 11 | November 2017