Poultry Planner December Issue-2018 by PIXIE CONSULTING SOLUTIONS LTD.

MONTHLY

VOL. 20 | No. 12 | DECEMBER - 2018

From the Editor’s Desk Table Egg Production

OUR TEAM Vishal Rai Gupta Managing Director vishal@pixie.co.in Bhavana Gupta Editor-in-Chief

N.K. Gupta General Manager pcslkarnal@gmail.com

Aparna Mehmi Marketing Manager poultry.pcsl@gmail.com M: 999 170 5007

HONORARY EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Mr. G.K. Rathinam Palani Tk, Dindugul Dist, Tamilnadu Dr. J Tamizhkumaran

Keeping free range layers should not be difficult. Over the years Vencomatic group invested considerably in the development of equipment for free range birds gaining much experience in both the rearing and laying phases. The birds in the house follow their natural instincts but the Flock Manager control the process. That is what we at Vencomatic call Managing Freedom: the optimum control of freedom of the layers in modern housing systems, Classic Sidebelt Nest: The Classic Nest is an automatic nest with a moveable floor. The moveable floor pushes out birds after period of lay. This prevents broodiness creating a clean nest pad resulting in clean, top quality eggs. The perforated egg belt is used to transport eggs to the front of the house. The welfare friendly design and the materials used create an optimum environment for the hen to lay her eggs, Bolegg Terrace : The Bolegg Terrace is a compact, but complete aviary system for layers which can be placed in adjacent rows in the house. Laying nests, perches, feeding and drinking lines and manure belts are integrated into the system. The special system design allows birds to move up easily. The system allows a higher bird density compared to normal floor housing. With the high quality integrated Vencomatic nests, floor eggs and second quality eggs are reduced to a minimum, Bolegg Perfecta: The Bolegg Perfecta system makes it possible to house a higher bird density by increasing useable floor area through the use of tiers. The layout is based on the concept of traditional floor housing which ensures easy management and good results. Manure belts are integrated in the system for periodic manure removal. The system allows integration of feeding and drinking lines, which improves the overview in the house, Rearing: Jump Start: Aviary rearing is becoming more important as the number of hens in aviary systems is increasing rapidly. With aviary rearing it is important to teach the young birds to jump. Winching the hanging platforms gradually increases difference between the feeding and drinking levels encouraging the birds to jump from one level to another. The plastic Vencoslat gives optimal foot support to the birds and can easily be hinged at the end of the flock to allow easily cleaning the house, Rearing: Bolegg Starter : Aviary rearing system for commercial layers which optimizes the development of pullets destined for transfer to aviary layer production houses. The system is designed around the needs of the young birds as well as the working environment of the poultry farmer. At the start of the rearing cycle birds are housed in the system at an easy controllable level. The birds gradually learn to jump within the system encouraged by slowly increasing the height difference between feed and drinking lines and via winchable platforms.

M.VSc., PGDEP., Ph.D. (Ph. D in Veterinary & Animal Husbandry Extension Education)

Ÿ Ÿ

Mr. S.S Rathore

(MVSc Poultry Science IBRI, Izatnagar)

Dr. Manisha Singodia

(MVSc Poultry Science, Jaipur)

Dr. Annanda Das

Ÿ Ÿ

(Ph. D Scholar, WBUAFS, Kolkata)

Dr. M. Arul Prakash

(MVSc Assistant Professor, Tanjore)

Dr. B.L. Saini (Ph. D ICAR, Izatnangar)

Ÿ Ÿ

Editorial Policy is independent. Views expressed by authors are not necessarily held by the editors. Registered as Newspaper by Registrar of Newspaper for India : RNI No. 71668/99 Licensed to post at Karnal HPO under Postal Regn. No. PKL-91/2016-2018 Editorial & Advertisement may not be reproduced without the written consent of the publishers. Whilst every care is taken to ensure the accuracy of the contents of Poultry Planner the publishers do not accept any responsibility or liability for the material herein. Publication of news, views of information is in the interest of positive poultry industrial development in India. It does not imply publisher’s endorsement. Unpublished material of industrial interest, not submitted elsewhere, is invited. The submitted material will not be returned. Publisher, Printer Mrs. Bhavana Gupta on behalf of Pixie Publication India (P) Ltd. Karnal Printed at Jaiswal Printing Press, Railway Road, Karnal Published at : C/o OmAng Hotel, Namaste Chowk, Near Janta Petrol Pump, KARNAL - 132001 (Haryana) INDIA Editor-in-Chief : Mrs. Bhavana Gupta All Legal matters are subject to karnal jurisdiction

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42 RECIPE

UPCOMING EVENTS

Articles... INSECTS: AN ALTERNATE FEED SOURCE FOR LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY

Dr. Anchal Keshri

Advanced Bio Agro Tech Ltd

AWP (Mix Oil)

B.V. Bio-Corp Pvt. Ltd.

Globion India Pvt. Ltd.

Godrej Agrovet Ltd.

Huvepharma

Indian Herbs Spec. Pvt. Ltd.

Indian Tr. Bureau Pvt. Ltd.

Jubilant

K. K. Kansal Polyvin Pvt. Ltd. (Awon Plastic)

Natural Herbs

Natural Remdies

Nutrient Bio-Agro Tech Pvt. Ltd.

Promois

Sai Krishna Poultry Equipments

Venky’s

Ventri Biologicals

Zoetis India Ltd.

Zydus

INTEGRATED FISH POULTRY FARMING SYSTEM

Dr. Manisha Singodia

HEAT STRESS IN POULTRY BIRDS AND ITS MANAGEMENT

Dr. Pragya Joshi

ROLE OF ENZYMES IN POULTRY FEED INGREDIENTS

Dr. J. Subhashini

MINERALS, VITAMINS AND THEIR INTERACTIONS IN POULTRY

Dr. R. Shirisha

ROLE OF BIOSECURITY IN PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POULTRY DISEASES

Dr. K. Manimaran

Press Release

31 ZOETIS PRESENTS BIODEVICES AND AUTOMATION SOLUTIONSAT POULTRY INDIA EXHIBITION IN HYDERABAD

33 KOLKATA INTERNATIONAL POULTRY FAIR, 2019

Advertise Today In India’s most preferred poultry magazines 8

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INSECTS: AN ALTERNATE FEED SOURCE FOR LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY Introduction The food production system of the world is rapidly changing due to growth in human population, urbanization, nutritional preferences, environmental concerns, growing income and other anthropogenic pressures. Demand for animal sourced food is increasing both quantitatively and qualitatively. The predicted demand for meat (pork, chicken, beef etc.) and milk in 2050 will be 70 and 58% higher compared to 2010. The requirement of valuable protein sources for a continuously growing human population and the simultaneous decrease of available areas suitable for agricultural production presently a serious future global challenge. So the global demand for poultry meat and eggs is expected to increase significantly. The increasing intensity of poultry production requires higher amounts of protein to cover the amino acid requirements for plumage development, growth and egg production (Hossain and Blair, 2007). Currently available vegetable protein sources for poultry include soybean meal, rapeseed meal, legumes, and different cereal by-products. However, the amino acids composition of plant proteins for poultry is inferior to that of animal based proteins, specifically with respect to their content of essential sulphur containing amino acids, particularly methionine. Therefore, fish meal is still quite commonly used in poultry diets. However, due to over fishing, fish meal has become a very limited resource which is reflected by increasing market prices over the last decades. Due to the reasons Alternative protein sources are urgently required.

have been reported from tropical countries, have potential as feed on an industrial scale are the black soldier ﬂy (Hermetiaillucens), common houseﬂy (Musca domestica) and meal worm (Tenebriomolitor).

Usually no hormones, antibiotics or chemicals are used for rearing insects in the existing farming systems except biocides for disinfection of the

Table 1. Order and species and stage of insects used as feed for poultry Order Scientiﬁc name Coleoptera Tenebriomolitor Diptera Hermetiaillucens Musca domestica Orthoptera Locustamigratoria Achetadomestica

Common name Mealworm Black soldier ﬂy House ﬂy Grasshopper House cricket

Stage at which harvested for food/ feed Larvae Larvae/ pupae Larvae/ pupae Adult Adult

production environment in between batches of insects. Eggs are introduced on to the substrate either manually, mechanically or by natural oviposition from adult ﬂies.

Black soldier ﬂy

Maggots are harvested by several methods. In the ﬂotation method, the manure is mixed with water and the larvae and pupae ﬂoat out to be collected with a sieve. The collected larvae are washed, killed then dried and milled. Substrates for rearing insects Animal feed materials - feed materials authorized as feed for food producing animals

Common Houseﬂy

Insect species used as livestock and poultry feed More than 2000 edible insect species

Insect Farming

Meal Worm

Food produced for human consumption including meat and ﬁsh but with expired date or with defective manufacturing or packing.

Byproducts from slaughter houses (hides, hair, feathers, bones etc.) originate from animals

Food waste of both animal and nonanimal origin from restaurants, catering and households

Animal manure and intestinal content (pig, poultry, cattle etc.)

Other organic wastes of vegetable origin such as from gardening and forest

POULTRY PLANNER | VOL. 20 | No. 12 | DECEMBER - 2018

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Human manure and sewage sludge

HFP

SWPM

Meal worm

GHM

House cricket

4.7

5.2

3.8

2.7

1.3

10.1

16.0

17.2

6.0

7.8

1.1

7.9

6.9

5.7

8.9

1.3

5.2

0.9

Essential amino acids levels in s i l k w o r m p u pa e meal and black soldier ﬂy larvae were higher than in soybean meal.

3.9

3.4

3.7

2.3

1.2

Fatty Acids

Macro and micro mineral content (DM basis) of insects used for deeding livestock

Insects are naturally found in cattle, poultry and pig manure but it can also be reared on organic waste such as vegetables, catsup, carrion, coffee bean pulp and ﬁsh offal.

6.2

1.5

Nutritional requirements of insects These are the insects larvae which are basically use as feed the black soldier ﬂy, the maggot and pupae of the houseﬂy, the larvae of the mealworm. Moreover, the feeding of larvae reduce the available phosphorous in the manure by 61-70% and nitrogen by 3050% and the waste residue of manure can be recycled and used as fertilizer Intensive insect production Temperature, humidity and ventilation are important for housing. Insects can also be produced in 3D system. The growth rate as well as feed utilization highly depends on temperature, most insects are grow on optimal range of 27–30°C.

Mineral

BSF larvae

HFM

Macro-minerals (g/kg DM)

Micro-minerals (ppm) Fe

1.4

1.0

326.0

246.0

91.0

18.0

108.0

27.0

224.0

6.0

119.0

15.0

insects have vitamin A ( <300 microgram/kg), vitamin D2 ( <2 microgram/kg), Vitamin D3 (2.5 microgram/kg), vitamin E (6-30 mg/kg), vitamin C ( <10-23 mg/ kg), vitamin B1 (0.1-11 mg/kg), vitamin B2 (16-77 mg/kg), vitamin B3 (34-91 mg/kg), vitamin B5 (27-45 mg/kg),v B6 (1.7-6.1 mg/kg), folic acid (08-2.7 mg/ kg), vitamin B6 (0.35-068 mg/kg), vitamin

food of plant origin waste

manure / fertilizer

manure POULTRY

INSECTS

AGRICULTURE waste from foodstuff industry

meat production MAN

feed

direct consumption

Figure 1. Proposed trophic net among man, poultry, insects and agriculture

Nutritional Composition Most insects contain 40% dry matter except black soldier fly (26.8%). Processed insects contain 90% dry matter. Minerals Most insects contained higher levels of phosphorus and calcium. Black soldier fly had the highest calcium phosphorus ratio (8:4) than other insects having lower ratios (0.29 to 1.28). Commonly used protein supplements, soybean meal and fish meal have calcium phosphorus ratios of 0.57 and 1.56, respectively. Vitamins 12

B12 (5-237 microgram/kg) and 6251100 mg/kg choline. Energy Gross energy (MJ/kg DM) contents of black soldier fly, housefly maggot, housefly pupae, mealworm and locust meals were 22.1, 22.9, 24.3, 26.8 and 21.8, respectively. Amino Acids Amino acids concentration in the protein reflects quality of protein. Proteins in black soldier fly, common housefly and mealworm were generally lower in arginine and cysteine and higher in methionine and tyrosine.

Insects contain quantities palmitic 40.0 18.0 acid (8-38%), oleic 215.0 224.0 acid (9-48%), 15.0 15.0 linoleic acid (746%) and alphalinolenic acid (15-38%). Omega fatty acids were rich in silkworm pupae meal and lowest in black soldier ﬂy larvae. 116.0

326.0

Conclusion To include insects as feed ingredient in the poultry diets provide continuous increased quantity and quality of nutrients. The cost of insect production, establishing legal regulator y framework for use of insects/insect meals as animal feed and improved risk assessment methodologies are also ver y important for attracting investment in commercial insect farming. In addition, development of insect value chain by sharing knowledge and creating awareness among stakeholders of the insect industry (organic side stream suppliers, insect farming and processing industries, animal feed industry, poultry producers, retailers and consumers) and also lobbying to accept insects as feed ingredients in different countries helps to grow insect farming quickly on commercial scale which in turn contribute to global food security.

Anchal Keshri, Digvijay Singh and Anupama Tarun National dairy research institute

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INTEGRATED FISH POULTRY FARMING SYSTEM Introduction Much attention is being given for the development of poultry farming in India and with improved scientific management practices, poultry has now become a popular rural enterprise in different state of the country. Apart from egg and chicken, poultry also yield manure, which has high fertilizer value. The production of poultry dropping in India is estimated to be about 1,300 thousand tons, which is about 390 metric tons of protein. Utilisation of this huge resource as manure in aquiculture while will definitely afford better conversation than agriculture. In this system birds maybe kept at the floor over the pond or like duck cum fish system. Poultry house may be constructed at the embankment. Both layer and broiler can be reared. However, in this system skilled management of poultry and fish are required. About 500-600 birds are required for manuring one hectare of water area. Stocking Density of Fish The application of poultry manuring in the pond provides in nutrient base of dense bloom of phytoplankton, particularly nanoplankton which helps in intense zooplankton development. The zooplankton has a additional food source in the form of bacteria which thrive on the organic fraction of the added poultry dung. Thus, indicates the need for stocking phytoplanktophagus and zooplanktophagus fishes in the pond. In addition to phytoplankton and zooplankton, there is a high production of detritus at the pond bottom, which provides the substrate for colonization of microorganisms and other benthic fauna especially the chironomid larvae. Another addition will be macro vegetation feeder grass carp, which, in the absence of microphytes can be fed on green cattle fodder grown on the 14

pond embankments. The stockingrates var y from 8000-8500 fingerlings/ hectare and a species ratio of 40% sur face feeders, 20% of column feeders,30% bottom feeders and 1020% weedy feeders are preferred for high fish yields. Mixed culture of only Indian major carps and can be taken up with a species ratio of 40% surface, 30% column and 30% bottom feeders. Use of poultry littler as manure The fully built up deep litter removed from the poultry farm is added to fishponds as manure. Two methods are adopted in recycling and poultry manure for fish farming. First is the poultry droppings from the poultry farms is collected, stored in suitable places and applied in the ponds at regular installments at the rate of 50 kg/hectare/day every morning after sunrise. Another is constructing the poultry housing structure partially covering the fish tank and directly recycling the dropping whole fish culture. Direct recycling and excess m a n u re h o w - e v e r, c a u s e decomposition and depletion of oxygen leading to fish mortality. It has been estimated that one ton of deep litterfertilizer is produced by 30-40 birds in a year.

further of two types - cage and deep litter system. Deep litter system is preferred over the cage system due to higher manurial values of the built up deep litter. In the deep litter system, the floor is covered with litter, dry organic material like chopped straw, dry leaves, h a y, g r o u n d n u t s h e l l s , b r o k e n maizestalk, sawdust etc. is used to cover the floor up to the depth of about 6 inches.The birds are then kept over the this littler and a space of about 0.3 to 0.4 square metres per bird is provided. The littler is regularly stirred for aeraction and lime used to keep it dry and hygienic. In about 2 month's time it becomes deep littler, and in about 10 months time it become fully built up littler. This can be used as fertilizer in the fish pond. The fowls which are proven for their ability to produce more and larger eggs as in the cage of layers, or rapid body weight gains as in the case of broilers are selected along with fish. House should be well ventilated and protected from predators, snakes and rats etc.

Housing In integrated ﬁsh-cum-poultry farming the birds should be kept under intensive system. In the intensive system, the birds are entirely conﬁned to the house. The intensive system is POULTRY PLANNER | VOL. 20 | No. 12 | DECEMBER - 2018

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Feeding The poultry birds under deep litter system should be fed regularly with Composition of Poultry Broiler Diet (kg per 100 kg diet)

Ingredients

Starter

Finisher

Maize

46.5

56.0

Soyabean Cake

34.2

25.6

Fish Meal/ Meat Cum Bone Meal

5.0

4.0

Rice Bran

12.0

Limestone

0.5

0.2

Bonemeal

1.2

Methionine

0.1

Common Salt

0.3

Vitamin Mixture

0.1

Trace Minerals

0.1

Cholin Chloride

30g

balanced feed according to their age. Grower mesh is provided to the birds during the age of 9 to 20 weeks at the rate of 50 to 70 gm/bird/day,whereas layer mash is provided to the birds above 20 weeks at a rate of 80 to 120 gm/bird/day. The feed is provided to the birds in feed hoppers to avoid

wastage and keeping the house in proper hygienic conditions. Concentrate feed may be procured and prepared at home. Poultry Husbandry Practices The egg and chicken production in poultry rising depends upon multifarious factors such as breed, variety and strain of birds, good housing arrangement, balance feeding, proper healthcare etc. Egg laying In laying pen, the nest box should be present in the pen which prevents the egg from breakage.Egg nest should be provided from 5 to 6 birds. The birds are usually kept as layers upto the age of 18 months. Each bird lays about 200 eggs/year. Harvesting of Fishes Some ﬁsh attend marketable size within few months. Keeping in view the size of the ﬁsh, prevailing rate and demand of

the fish in the local markets, partial harvesting of table size fish is done. After harvesting partially, the phone should be restocked with the same species and the same number of fingerlings depending upon the availability of fish seed. Final harvesting is done after 12 months of rearing. Fish yield ranging from 3500-4000 kg/hectare/year and 2000-2600 kg/hectare/year are generally obtained with 6 species and 3 species stocking, respectively. Eggs are collected daily in the morning and evening. Every bird lays about 200 eggs/year. The birds are sold after 18 month of rearing as the egg laying capacity of these birds' decreases after this period.

Dr. Manisha Singodia Department of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education

POULTRY PLANNER | VOL. 20 | No. 12 | DECEMBER - 2018

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HEAT STRESS IN POULTRY BIRDS AND ITS MANAGEMENT Heat stress is a situation where too much heat is absorbed by a person, a plant or an animal and causes stress, illness or even death. Heat stress is manifested by elevated body temperature, hot, dry skin, lack of sweating and neurological symptoms such as paralysis, headache vertigo and unconsciousness.

What happens in heat stress ? Birds become heat stressed when they have difﬁculty in achieving balance between body heat loss and body heat production, the normal body temperature of poultry being 41°C. When environmental temperature exceeds 35o C bird is likely to experience heat stress. In an effect to maintain body temperature birds ﬁrst rely on losing heat from blood vessels near surface of skin by process called non-evaporative cooling. However, this mechanism is only effective when ambient temperature is lower than bird's body temperature. As ambient temperature increases beyond bird's thermo neutral zone, non-evaporative cooling becomes ineffective. At these higher temperatures, bird relies on panting / evaporative cooling as 18

mechanism for controlling body temperature. Panting is an effective but energy expensive way for the bird to control body temperature and typically results in lower feed intake and growth as well as reduced feed efficiency between 20-30o C feed intakes is reduced by 1-1.5% for 1o C rise in temperature and by 5% above 32o C. The will increase water intake to offset water loss but situation is complicated by the fact that body's ability to retain water is reduced as the evaporative cooling process escalates. During high ambient temperatures, the birds increase panting up to 10 times from a normal rate of 25 breathes/min to 250 breathes/min .This leads to an excessive loss of carbon dioxide resulting in raised blood plasma bicarbonate levels and increased blood ph. The bird attempts to correct blood ph by excreting bicarbonates via urine. Bicarbonates are negatively charged ions that must be coupled with positively charged ions such as potassium to be excreted in urine. However, as potassium is important in maintain intracellular water balance, a loss of potassium ions via urine reduces ability to maintain this water balance. C o n s e q u e n t l y, w h i l e b i r d s d o compensate for water losses associated with panting by consuming more water, its retention in the body cells is limited by simultaneous loss of electrolytes such as potassium in urine. Effect of heat Most important effect of heat stress is decrease in body resistance and more susceptibility to E.coli and CRD etc. In summer outbreaks of gout may be seen in broilers and layers. In heat stressed birds blood flow increases to upper respiratory tract, skin and abdominal muscles for relieving heat, however, blood flow to intestinal tract is decreased. As a result there is reduction

in appetite leading to lower feed intake. Concurrently water intake is increased resulting in ﬂuid contents in intestinal tract. This further cause diarrhea that results in loss of electrolytes needed to maintain acid base balance. Clinical signs or symptoms The following clinical signs will be observed in heat stressed birds: Ÿ

Panting/rapid respiration

More intake of water

Reduced appetite.

Reduction of egg production

Poor egg shell quality

Less body weight gain in broilers

Reduced feed efﬁciency

Increase in body temperature

Death

Post mortem lesions Ÿ

Dehydrated carcass

Mucoid exudates in mouth and nostrils

Pale/cyanotic combs

Pale breast muscles

Congestion of liver, spleen, kidney and lungs.

Fluid contents in intestines.

Rapid decomposition of carcass

Steps to combat heat stress The aim of adopting measures to combat heat stress is not only to keep birds alive but also to get production out of them to achieve targeted ﬁgures i.e. number of egg from layers and a better body weight at particular age with speciﬁc FCR in broilers. Following steps will help to combat heat stress in birds: Ÿ

Housing Management

Water Management

Feed Management

POULTRY PLANNER | VOL. 20 | No. 12 | DECEMBER - 2018

ARTICLE Ÿ

General Management

Housing management Ÿ

Orient the long axis of poultry house i n a n e a s t - w e s t d i re c t i o n to minimize solar heating and direct access to sunlight. Poultry houses in tropics should have good roof insulation (if possible with false roof to reduce the conduction of heat) with support of foggers and cooler systems. In open sided houses, width of house will be a limiting factor so keep the optimum width (24-32 ft) based on temperature, humidity and wind velocity, type of house and nature of bird for effective cross ventilation. Increased air movement over the birds by cooler fans/exhaust to produce a wind chill effect which will cool birds even without drop in the house temperature. Shed design and construction should not allow direct sunlight on birds. Thatching of roof with paddy straw or sugar cane leaves will reduce temperature inside the shed.

The roof should be painted with white wash to reﬂect light.

Shades from tall trees and plantation around the sheds can reduce the radiant heat. The plantation of trees should be such that trees will be leafy during summer and bald during winter.

Roof overhangs should be sufﬁcient (3-5 ft) to protect the birds from strong sunrays.

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feed and water consumption ratio is 1:2 but when temperature shoots beyond 95oF, this ratio may increase up to 1:4 or more.

During summer consumption of feed by birds is reduced considerably leading to reduced body weight.

Points to be taken into consideration: Supply of plenty of clean and cool water (60-70oF) must be ensured during summer months.

Increase the frequency of feeding.

Do not offer feed during day time in broilers.

Use good quality sanitizers in water to control infections through water.

Certain changes in feed formulations are necessary.

For day old chicks provide cool water and electrolytes on their arrival to farm before offering feed to avoid dehydration after transportation.

Increase nutrient density of feed to compensate for depressed feed intake.

Energy of feed should be reduced. Crude protein content should not be increased because heat generated by one gram of fat is 16.5% or one gram of fat is 22.5%.

Similarly 20-30% extra vitamins and trace minerals should be added to feed.

Cover water tanks with wet gunny bags to avoid direct exposure to sun.

Increase number of waterers by 25%.

Increase frequency of watering.

In case of nipple drinkers, insulate nipple pipe with wet gunny cloth.

Available phosphorus content of feed should be increased.

Provide electrolyte (1-2 gm/liter) in water during hot hours.

Addition of 0.25% of salt to drinking water increases water consumption.

Adjust the amounts of medications and volumes of water used for water vaccination to reﬂect the increase water consumption of the ﬂock during hot weather.

Vitamin C is necessary to maintain integrity of blood vessels. Supplementation of vitamin C @ 200-500 gm /ton feed will be beneﬁcial.

Vitamin E @ 50 gm /ton feed will also be beneﬁcial.

Pelleted feeding is beneﬁcial where low energy ﬁber diets are used

Add soda-bicarbonate @ 0.1% for improvement of shell quality.

Since hot humid climate favors growth of moulds/fungi in feed, so constant use of anti-fungal is recommended.

The diet should be balanced with limiting amino-acids, methionine and lysine which will give better results.

Inclusion of vitamin A 8000 IU and vitamin E 250mg /kg diet for better performance and combat heat stress.

Do not withhold drinking water from the ﬂock when vaccine is provided through drinking water.

Use good quality sanitizers in water to control infections through water.

For day old chicks provide cool water and electrolytes on their arrival to farm before offering feed to avoid dehydration after transportation.

Water management Practically water is the most important criteria of these four managemental factors during summer. In summer water consumption is 3-4 times more. Even a slight shortfall of water can lead to heat stroke and mortality. Normally

Feed management

Cover water tanks with wet gunny bags to avoid direct exposure to sun heat.

Increase frequency of watering.

POULTRY PLANNER | VOL. 20 | No. 12 | DECEMBER - 2018

ARTICLE General management Ÿ

Litter preferably fresh litter of 2 inches thickness with racking or stirring of litter 2-3 times a day during cool hours is recommended.

10% extra ﬂoor space should be provided in summer.

Overcrowding of birds should be avoided.

Shifting, transportation, de-beaking and vaccination should be done during night or cool hours of the day. Birds severely heat stressed may be dipped in cold water for 2-3 minutes keeping their neck and head above water level. Provide proper cross ventilation.

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Fans (pedestal, ceiling or exhaust) may be ﬁtted in sheds.

Thatched roof is suitable for hot areas.

Use foggers in the shed which could reduce the shed temperature up to 5-10oC depending upon quality.

The house should be situated away from other buildings in order to facilitate free movement of air.

U s e of pa i n t , w h i te l i m e e tc p r a c t i c a l l y re d u c e s t h e s h e d temperature up to 2oC

Use side curtain in shed which should be sprinkled with water.

High altitude of roof is ordinarily 2.6 to 3.3 m from foundation to the roof line to provide maximum ventilation.

Provide 1meter overhang to cut the direct sun and rain into the house.

Provide 3 exhaust fans on one side and pad cooling on other side (200ft) which completely seals the shed sides and brings down temperature below 8oC.

Use sprinklers on the top or inside shed.

Surround the house with tall trees.

Pragya Joshi², Amandeep Singh¹ and Gurpreet Kour³ ¹MVSc Scholar, I.V.R.I., Bareilly ²PhD Scholar, I.V.R.I., Bareilly ³MVSc Scholar, GADVASU, Ludhiana

EGG Daily And Montly Prices of October 2018

POULTRY PLANNER | VOL. 20 | No. 12 | DECEMBER - 2018

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ROLE OF ENZYMES IN POULTRY FEED INGREDIENTS Introduction The major nutrient components of feed ingredients are carbohydrate, protein and fat. These nutrients need to be digested and broken down to simple sugars and fatty acids by digestive secretions and enzymes before they can be absorbed and utilised by animals. The enzymes are produced at different sites in the intestinal tract and help in better utilisation of feed ingredients thereby improving the animal performance. Use of enzymes in poultry The young birds lack the enzymes needed for maximum utilisation of feed ingredients. The poultry ingredients contain non starch polysaccharides and phytates at different levels. These non starch polysaccharides contain some anti nutritional factors that reduces the digestibility of nutrients. Addition of enzymes in feed ingredients degrades the NSPs in feed and improves the digestibility of nutrients thereby improving the performance of poultry. S o m e of th e f e e d e n z ym e s are carbohydrases, proteases and phytases. Carbohydrase enzyme The enzyme carbohydrase breaks down

carbohydrates into simpler sugars. They are fibre degrading and starch degrading enzymes. Xylanase and β-glucanase are the main fibre degrading enzymes. Xylanase breaks down arabinoxylan in grains and their by products. β-glucanases break down β-glucans in barley and oats and their by-products. Theses Xylanases and β-glucanases improve the average daily gain and feed conversion efficiency in broilers. Starch degrading enzyme The starch degrading enzyme amylase break down the starch that is present in grains and its by products. These enzymes allow poultry to extract more energy from feed that can be converted into meat and egg production. Protease enzyme T h e p ro te i n d e g r a d i n g e n z y m e protease breaks down the proteinaceous substances in plant materials and proteinaceous antinutrients in vegetable proteins. These proteases can be used to reduce the

level of trypsin inhibitors that are present in the soybean meal thus improving protein digestibiilty. Phytase enzyme Cereal grains and oil cakes contain 55 to 80 per cent of total phosphorus in the form of phytic acid. This phytate phosphorus is poorly utilised by poultry and is excreted in faeces. Hence the b i rd s a re u n a b l e to u t i l i s e t h e phosphorus in feed. The phytase enzyme is not produced by pigs and poultry that break down phytate. Supplementation of phytase enzyme improves egg production and egg shell quality in laying hens. Conclusion The use of enzymes has been increasing day by day. Supplementing enzymes as feed additives improves the digestibility of feed ingredients and thereby improving the feed efﬁciency and performance of poultry.

Dr. J. Subhashini¹, Dr. D. Vinoth Kumar² and Dr. N. Brindha³ ¹Teaching Assistant,Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.

²Assistant Manager, Suguna foods private limited, Udumalpet, Tiruppur. ³Research Associate,Veterinary &Animal Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore

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MINERALS, VITAMINS AND THEIR INTERACTOINS IN POULTRY Introduction Nutrient interrelationships are complex, especially among the trace elements. A mineral cannot be affected without affecting at least two other minerals, each of which will then affect two others, etc. As a result there is loss of homeostatic equilibrium causing an adverse effect upon health. A loss of this vital balance, particularly between the trace elements, can lead to subclinical deﬁciencies. Among the minerals two relationships exist ,antagonistic and synergistic, which occur at two levels, metabolic and absorptive. Antagonism - at the absorptive level is due to inhibited absorption i.e excess intake of a single element can decrease the intestinal absorption of another element. Ex- high intake of calcium depresses intestinal zinc absorption, while an excess intake of zinc can depress copper absorption Synergism - occurs largely on a metabolic level 1.

Iron and copper are synergistic in that sufﬁcient copper is required for iron utilization

Synergism between calcium, magnesium and phosphorus is well known due to their requirement in the maintenance and structure of osseous tissue

Deﬁcient intake of an element can allow toxic accumulation another element.

Small amounts of cadmium intake can accumulate to a point of toxicity in the presence of marginal or deﬁcient zinc intake.

Lead toxicity can occur with insufﬁcient calcium or iron intake

Iron toxicity can develop in the presence of a copper deﬁciency

An excessive intake of a single

element produces a deﬁciency of a synergistic element. Eg: excessive zinc intake contributing to a copper deﬁciency. Such an imbalance can cause excessive iron to build up in storage tissues. M a n g a n e s e b y i n te r f e r i n g w i t h magnesium can result in excessive potassium and sodium

narrow calcium to phosphorus ratio usually no wider than 2:1. It has been reported that excess Ca can cause the formation of insoluble Ca-phosphate s a l t s , re s u l t i n g i n d e c re a s e d P availability. The roles of calcium and phosphorus together in the many reactions and their interaction is depends on cholecalciferol level. Copper, Molybdenum, Sulphur

Mineral – Mineral Interactions 1.

Copper with iron

Calcium with phosphorus

Cupper with molybdenum& sulphur

Calcium phosphorus with manganese

Zinc with copper & calcium

Calcium phosphorus with magnesium

Sulphur combines with molybdenum & forms thiomolybdenate & effects copper absorption. Sulphur may be organic or inorganic in renal tubules it converts to sulphites. They interact with molybdenum. This complex interacts with copper forms insoluble cu thiomolybdate complex. Calcium, phosphorus with Manganese Ÿ

Excess ca & p ratio decreases manganese absorption where as alone high ca has no effect

Manganese contain enzyme glycosyl transferase required for the formation of muco polysacharides. Which forms the organic matrix of the bone.

Increasing dietary calcium and/or phosphorus decreased iron absorption in chicks (Sell, 1965).Excessive dietary manganese decreased hemoglobin in young chicks (Baker and Halpin, 1991).

7 . Iron & cobalt Copper with iron copper essential for conversion ferrous form of iron to ferric form & also for absorption , mobilisation of iron Iron decreases cupper absorption in 2 ways 1.

it binds with cu in insoluble form

Binds with sulphides & forms ferric sulphide which traps the cu by forming complex

Zinc With Copper

Calcium & Phosphorus The roles of calcium and phosphorus together in the formation of bone hydroxyapatite . However, optimum broiler performance is linked very closely with calcium and phosphorus levels in the diet. Broilers require fairly

Copper increases mucosal induction of metal binding protein thus limits zn absorption

High dietary zinc induced signs of copper deﬁciency (Smith and Larson,1946; vanReen, 1953) Effects were reversed by supplementation with copper. High dietary conc of zinc will induce synthesis of metallothinein protein in the intestinal cells to protect animal against zinc toxicosis. Copper has a

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higher afﬁnity for the protein than zinc which causes a secondary copper deﬁciency

vitamin B6 6.Calcium ,manganese & vitamin K 7.Vitamin C with minerals 8 .Sulphur with other vitamins

Some other interactions can also occur as the result of simultaneous participation of elements at the active center of enzymes, such as iron & molybdenum in xanthine oxidase or copper and iron in cytochrome oxidase

Calcium , Phosphorus With Vitamin D Ca& P homeostasis controlled by active form of vit d 1-25D3 by some mechanisms 1.

Endogenous acid production aff ects the electrolyte balance. Anion imbalance can be solved by bicarbonate supplementation in the diet.. The use of some divalent ions can interfere with electrolyte balance. Thus, supplementation of calcium chloride (CaCl2) in the diet can induce acidosis in poultry, contrary to chloride sources such as NaCl and KCl, which are associated with acidosis to a much lesser extent. This is due to the fact that calcium absorption from CaCl2. sodium, potassium. is lower than that of sodium f ro m N a C l . C a l c i u m b o u n d s t o carbonates from CaCO3 using up bicarbonates from blood, and excessive unabsorbed chlorine causes acidosis

Plays an imp role in utilistion of vitA

By increasing the permeability

Helps in ca resorption from bone to ECF

Responsible for mobilisation of vitA from liver

Conversion of b-carotene to vitA & retinol to retinal occurs in presence

Whenever decreased calcium levels in plasma, stimulates parathyroid gland, stimulates the synthesis of 1-25 vitD3, synthesis of calcium binding protein & intensiﬁes diffusion of calcium Selenium & Vitamin E Ÿ

Prevents formation of peroxides,Exudative diathesis in chicks checked by both se & vitE Glutathione peroxidase is an important enzyme in destroying H2O2 and organic hydroperoxides such as lipid hydroperoxides. It therefore guards against oxidative damage to the cell membranes and other oxidant-sensitive sites in the cell. While this selenium-dependent system destroys lipid hydroperoxides and other peroxides, vitamin E is believed to protect against oxidant damage to membranes by preventing the formation of lipid hydroperoxides.

Iron and cobalt mutually inhibit the absorption of each other, apparently due to a shared intestinal carrier system (Thomson et al., 1971)

Excess ca p mn zn cu decreases fe

Cobalt & Vit B12

High ca & P causes salt formation & decrease mg absorption

The cobalt can link to: a methyl group as in methylcobalamin

1.Calcium, phosphorus & vitamin – D 2. Zinc & vitamin A 3. Selenium & vitamin E 4.Cobalt & vitamin B12. 5.Iron & 26

Zinc & vit A

Helps in renal absorption of ca from DCT

Mineral – Vitamin Interrelationship

The ring consists of 4 pyrrole subunits, joined on opposite sides by a C-CH3 methylene link, on one side by a C-H methylene link, and with the two of the pyrroles joined directly. The nitrogen of each pyrolle is coordinated to the central cobalt atom.

It intensiﬁes the diffusion of calcium across the intestinal wall by counteracting the factor which reduces the conc of calcium

Sodium And Chloride Supplementation of Na (without Cl- ) in feed leads to an increase in concentration of HCO3- ions and elevated blood pH, whereas supplementation of Cl- (without Na) decreases concentration of HCO3- ions and pH value.

core of the molecule is a corrin ring with various attached sidegroups.

a 5'-deoxyadenosine at the the 5' positon - as in adenosylcobalamin (coenzyme B12 a cyanide group - as in Vitamin B12 The

of alcohol dehydrgenase which is a zn metallo enzyme Ÿ

Some def diseases such as parakeratosis, night blindness occurs in presence of both zn & vitA

Some experiments showed that depressed plasma vitA def in zn def diet

Structure Of Vitamin A The two molecules, it is clear that vitamin A (retinol) is very closely related to half of the beta-carotene molecule. One way in which beta-carotene can be converted to vitamin A is to break it apart at the center and is thought to be most important biologically. The breakdown of beta-carotene occurs in the walls of the small intestine (intestinal mucosa) and is catalyzed by the enzyme beta-carotene dioxygenase to form retinal. Calcium, Manganese & Vit-k Ÿ

Vit K responsible for synthesis of prothrombin

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Iron & Vit B6 Ÿ

Vit B6 helps in incorporation of iron in haemoglobin

Diet rich in iron but def in B6 shows the signs of anemia along with signs of B6

Vitamin-C With Minerals Ÿ

Conversion of prothrombin to thrombin occurs by a manganese containing enzyme glycosyl transferase

Ca stimulate the release of thromboplastin from platelets

Vit K inadequacy leads to prothrombin deﬁcient in carboxy glutamic acid which is responsible for calcium binding which affects clotting process.

It plays an imp role by enhancing the absorption of various dietar y minerals , distribution & their metabolism bcoz of their chelating behaviour

High vitamin C intake cause copper deﬁciency as a result of decreasing its absorption but copper is required in sufﬁcient amounts for the metabolic utilization of iron, excess intake of vitamin C can lead to iron toxicity.

A deﬁciency of copper results in the inability to utilize iron; therefore, iron will accumulate in storage tissues if an adequate supply of copper is not available.

Dr. R. Shirisha¹ Dr. A. Vidya² Dr. M. Rajashri³ and Dr. Razia Sultana⁴ ¹'³'⁴Ph.D Scholars ²Assistant Professor, Animal Nutrition, C. V. Sc, korutla

BENEFITS OF EATING EGGS eggs reduces the chances of Breast Cancer. Women who consumes 6 to 8 eggs every week, helps to stop the Breast Cancer. 1. Instant Energy: An egg can provide you instant energy and it takes only 1 to 2 hours to digest. A 100 g.ms of egg contains 155 calories, which provides energy to your body instantly. 2. Sharp You're Mind: Egg has Omega-3 Fatty Acid and Vitamin B12 in it, which is good enough for our brain. This Vitamin helps to enhance our Memory Power. 3. Good For Eyes: It found in research that the aged people who have 2 eggs daily, they have good eye sights. Vitamin-A is good for our eyes and this Vitamin is available in the egg. 4. Breast Cancer: Research of Harvard University shows that consuming 27

5. Build Muscle: If you do exercise or go to gym and you are not gaining muscle, so you must eat egg. Egg is a good source of protein, which is helpful in Build the Muscle and Gaining Weight. Therefore if you want to build your Body so consume two to six eggs (Based on how much workout you do). Do not eat yolk (yellow inner part of the egg) too much. 6. Good for Bones: One to two eggs should be given to the small and growing children, because eggs contain Vitamin-D in enough quantity, which makes our bones strong. 7. Healthy Hair: Do you know that our hairs and nails built with

protein? Eating eggs can make our hair growth better. There are Sulpher, Vitamin-B and B-12 available in the egg that helps in better growth of our hairs. 8. Good for Pregnancy: Consuming egg daily fulﬁlls the ¼ shortness of Vitamin and Minerals that a Pregnant Lady needs and helps in perfect growth of the child. 9. Keep Body Warm: You would have observed that in Winter Season demand of egg exceeds, because egg contains enough heat in it which protects our body from cold in winter season. 10. Any Time: Last but not the least; Egg can be consumed by cooking it anywhere, anytime you want. It takes less time and money to cook. And if you can get the Brown Eggs that will be great, as it can be the best diet.

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ROLE OF BIOSECURITY IN PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POULTRY DISEASES

io-security, which literally means safety of living things, is a programme designed to prevent the exposure of birds to disease causing organisms by reducing introduction and spread of pathogens into and between the farms. It encompasses isolation, trafﬁc control sanitation, vaccination, serological monitoring of diseases and air quality etc. which will aid in prevent the entry and control the pathogens in and around the farm. It is the cheapest and at the same time most effective means of disease control available without, which no disease prevention programme will work well. Biosecurity is therefore is one of the integrated part of farm operations. The poultry industry in India is growing enormously for the last ten years. The poultry industry is facing lot of disease problems in spite of all preventive vaccination due to lack of bio-security. In Poultry farming, especially under intensive conditions, prevention is the most viable and economically feasible approach to the control of infectious agents. Biosecurity procedures should be implemented with the objective of preventing the introduction and dissemination of infectious agents in the egg production chain. Biosecurity will be enhanced with the adoption and implementation of the principles of Good Agricultural Practices and the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) system. In the Poultry farming, diseases are controlled by biosecurity, veterinar y health care, complete vaccination programs, high-quality diet, enclosed housing, and high standard of farm management.

Operational bio-security

Triangle Steps of bio-security

Conceptual Bio-security

Structural Bio-security

Operational Bio-security

Conceptual bio-security Ÿ

It is best to build farm in an isolated area, atleast three km away from nearest poultry in the case of breeder farm and 1.6 km in the case of commercial layer and broiler farm. In the case of breeders, the farm should be away from the major road ways that may be used to transport commercial and backyard poultry. Maintain enough distance between breeders and grow-out farms and facilities such as hatcheries and feed mills.

P ro p e r d e c o n t a m i n a t i o n a n d disinfection of equipment, houses etc., following depletion of ﬂock.

In breeder farms, all visitors and workers require to shower and use clean farm clothes to prevent cross contamination between them.

Maintain record for visitors and their purpose.

In the case of breeders, no vehicles or equipment should be allowed within the farm area from the time of delivery of ﬂock until disposal.

In commercial broiler unit, a minimum inter ﬂock interval of two weeks is recommended.

Appropriate program of disease diagnosis and proper vaccination schedule should be implemented..

Structural bio-security Ÿ

Fencing of farm perimeter to prevent unwanted visitors.

Test water source for minerals, bacteria, chemical contamination and pathogen load.

Concrete stage with suitable water and power supply for sanitation of vehicles.

Recycling of egg packing materials etc. should be decontaminated at the point of entry of farm.

Ro u t i n e d i s e a s e m o n i t o r i n g p ro c e d u re s l i ke p o s t m o r t e m examination and periodic serum antibody assay to determine immune status of the ﬂock.

Regular culling of unhealthy, unproductive and diseased birds.

Suitable location for storage of bagged feed.

Facilities for safe scientiﬁc disposal of dead birds.

Safe housing, with suitable wild birds and rodent prooﬁng. Feed, litter and equipment should be stored in a section separated from live bird area to prevent contamination. A three meter boundary of land around the building must be kept free of all vegetation to prevent rodent and wild life activity. Operation manuals should be developed for day-to-day activities carried out in feed mills, hatcheries, breeding and grow-out facilities incorporating emergency plans.

Bio-security measures in disease prevention The following Bios-security measures will help to reduce the spread of infectious disease and stress to the birds. 1) Cleaning and Disinfecting Cleaning and disinfection is the primary requirement and basic of all biosecurity measures of the farm which is applied in different manner that kills the germs causing the disease. a) General bio-security measures i)

The farm should be constructed in an isolated area where these will

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ARTICLE not any poultry farm and human dwellings located nearby. The farm premies should be properly fenced and only one entrance should be provided. ii)

Farm workers should shower and wear clean clothes to work . Workers may be asked to change into work clothes on the farm. If a person leaves the premises they should change clothes, including footwear, before leaving. If the employees who leave off the farm premises should shower, prior to coming to the farm, and wear clothing designated, including footwear, for farm use only. Special care should be taken to ensure contamination (disease) is not brought to the farm from outside the farm premises.

iii) Visitors and employees must wash hands before entering and leaving the shed. Acceptable methods include waterless gels, disinfecting hand wipes, or soap and water. iv) At the entrance of the farm there should be vehicle dip in which proper sanitation to be mixed in the morning and the evening. The persons should enter separate gate which should have dip and huddles v)

Any equipment purchased from outside the poultry house should be cleaned and disinfected prior to entering premises. This includes equipment used for clean out and new ﬂock set up. Equipments should not be shared between farms.

vi) The vehicles coming from outside should be parked outside the farm premises only. There should be a separate vehicle operation for feed distribution and egg collection inside the farm and such vehicles do not allowed to go outside the farm premises vii) The layer farm should have a separate storage room for feed and 29

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egg in the entrance of the farm premises itself and such storage gowdouns or rooms shall have an additional opening door facing roadside, in order to prevent the entry of vehicles carrying feed or egg into the farm premises. b) Bio-security measures in poultry sheds The layer farm premises normally constructed with separate sheds for chicks, growers and layers and in which the number of layers flocks will be more having different age groups. There should be a maximum distance to be given between the sheds. Shed management ensures the birds get proper care and facility to support development and performance. Good housekeeping and day-to-day sanitation practices improve and help maintain the overall health of complete flocks. Isolation of flock and restriction of workers movement is very essential to maintaining the sanctity of the farm. Ensure there is a clearly demarcated area for flocks belonging to different age groups. This level of hygienic maintenance should be applied at a day-to-day level thereby reducing spreading of diseases and controlling of mortality rates. In the event farm supervisors and managers are required to move between sheds, it is recommended to guide them to visit flocks in the ascending order of age and follow the cleansing process duly. In the event of an outbreak, restrict total movement of visitors and workers in to the affected sheds and from the affected shed. Each time before receiving the day old chicks, the chick shed is thoroughly cleaned as per recommended guidelines. Depending upon the bacterial load every week disinfect the shed by coarse spry of disinfectants. Each time after shifting the birds from

one shed to another the litter material will be removed immediately. The vehicle which is used for removal of manure should thoroughly washed and disinfected before entry of the farm premises. Immediately after removal of litter material, thorough disinfection of floor area under the cages is required to prevent disease outbreaks. c) Water sanitation The drinking water uses in layer farms mainly comes from well or bore well to overhead tank and from there the water is supplied to each shed containing a main tank, sub tank and nipples. Microbial contamination may occur at any point of the watering system since it is essential to monitoring the water microbial load in each of above point. The water is analyzed for microbial load regularly at least monthly once and depending upon the contamination level in water sanitizers are added in the water to prevent infections spreading through water 2) Isolation Isolation refers to the process of keeping the poultry flocks in a confined and protected and specialized environment. An example of this might be the use of fences which help in keeping the flock protected and at the same time also help in keeping the predators out of the specified area. 3) Quality chicks The chicks, received from a hatchery where adequate preventive care is taken for breeder birds to guard against Mycoplasmosis, Salmonellosis and Infectious bursal disease. Check for a history of vaccination against Marek's disease. Look for signs of dehydration. Ensure that the received chicks are healthy and are within the normal weight range. 4) Proper nutrition

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ARTICLE In the poultry industry, it is a well established fact that the quality of feed directly impacts the outcome of the product. A good balanced feed prepared according to nutrient requirements at different ages will ensure proper health and good immune status in birds .It is essential that due care is taken while manufacturing feed to the birds throughout their life cycle. The disease producing bacteria like E.coli, Staphylococcus, Salmonella, Clostridium etc., may contaminate the feed. The feed should be monitored for the presence of microbial contam-ination regularly. The use of proper disinfectant or acidifiers will reduce the growth of the bacteria in the feed. 5) Rodent control Keep rodents out from the initial stage of farming itself, since once the farm is infested, it is difficult to get rid of them. Remove piles of unused equipment and empty gunny bags as they serve as breeding places for rats, mice and squirrels .Remove spilled feed daily. Store feed in well-ventilated, rodentproof rooms. Use traps in the initial stages and later rodenticides. Rodenticides should be used at night according to specifications. 6) Insect control Control measures against insects are p a r t of m a i n t a i n i n g a s a n i t a r y e n v i ro n m e n t , a s i n s e c t s p l a y a significant role in transmitting diseaseproducing micro-organisms, tape worms, etc. Flies sit on the birds, irritate them, prevent them from taking water and feeding normally, causing stress which results in reduced egg production especially where cage rearing is practiced. To control Insect or fly measures avoid stagnation of water in and around the farm premises and use of insecticide sprays or dusting at required intervals,

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7) Dead bird disposal The main principle involved in the prevention and control of current and emerging diseases is the scientific disposal of dead birds .Mortality is inevitable on every poultry farm, and it varies with the prevailing disease and sanitary conditions on the farm. When birds die, their carcasses remain as a source of infection for pen-mates and other birds on the farm (or other farms). All carcasses should be removed from the pen as soon as possible. Diseased and ill birds also discharge infectious material into the environ-ment and act as reservoirs for disease-producing organisms. The habit of throwing dead birds on to the nearest manure pile or into an open field is dangerous and unscientific for the following reasons: Ÿ

The smell of the carcasses attracts street dogs and cats, which consume the infected carcasses and harbour the enteric organisms infectious to poultry. Because of their free movement, these animals are capable of carrying contaminated material or a portion of a carcass to neighboring farms, with disastrous results;

Vultures and other wild birds invade the carcasses and become potential carriers of the disease-causing

agents from one farm to another or even from one country to another country if they migrate; Ÿ

The carcasses lure insects and ﬂies, w h i c h a c t a s t r a n s m i t te r s of infectious agents;

The disease agents carried by rain water contaminate other water sources;

The surrounding area of the farm is contaminated with feathers and bones, causing soil pollution;

On decomposition, the carcasses may emit a foul smell and cause air pollution.

There are many methods for the efﬁcient disposal of carcasses such as burying, pit disposal, incineration, septic tank disposal, or composting. Do not deposit carcasses in or near a ﬂowing stream; Take sound bio-security measures at the disposal sites to prevent disease transmission. In conclusion bio-security in commercial poultry farms must be practiced at all times. All the workers should have documented bio-security training. A bio-security checklist should be posted or kept on each farm. Bio-security measures should be audited frequently for compliance.

K. Manimaran*, S. Balakrishnan¹, S. Ezhilvalavan² and T. Sivakumar³ *Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu-614 625,Thanjavur ¹Professor and Head, Dept. of VPH, VCRI, Orathanadu ²Professor, PRS, MMC, Chennai-51, ³Dean, VCRI, Orathanadu, Thanjavur-614 625.

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ZOETIS PRESENTS BIODEVICES AND AUTOMATION SOLUTIONS AT POULTRY INDIA EXHIBITION IN HYDERABAD Ÿ

Sharing the positive impact of new technologies for hatcheries from in ovo vaccination to advanced robotic automation systems

Demonstrating the benefits of prevention solutions for product safety, efficacy and long term cost/return benefit

HYDERABAD, INDIA – November 28, 2018 Zoetis teams will present the EMBREX B i o d e v i c e , f ro m N o v e m b e r 2 8 to th November 30 at the Poultry India Exhibition in Hyderabad, India. Through live presentations and an interactive booth, Zoetis will demonstrate the benefits of the Poultry automation system for accurate, compliant, secure and stress-freeproduction. The event will feature the most innovative and reputed solutions for the poultry industry, poultry feeds and poultry equipment. Delivering pioneering technology poultry producers in India With the increased global demand for poultr y meat, hatcher y production systems require improved efficiencies in safe and sustainable conditions. With the EMBREX biodevice, Zoetis presents new solutions to Indian producers allowing simplified vaccination for safe, secure and stress-free production conditions leading ultimately to reliable immunization¹, disease protection at hatch², and more meat at harvest³ Supporting farm productivity via enhanced hatchery vaccination “Biodevice and automation has become a key solution for effective in Ovo vaccination to protect birds at hatch." Said Ketan Dhamnaskar - General Manager – South Asia. Satinder Wahi, International Bio Device & Automation, Commercial Lead APAC 31

highlighted the beneﬁts of the new technology. "Zoetis added pioneering technology with Embrex Biodevice to its current poultry portfolio “With more than 650 devices in operations today, the in Ovo system has already vaccinated more than 275 billion eggs across the world. The technology improves birds' health, birds' feed conversion ratio and provides customers an accurate, compliant, secure and uniform solution to produce high quality meat”. Arkhom Cheewakriengkrai, VP, Southeast Asia, India and Distribution Marketssaid "The Embrex automation system helps integrators prevent disease in day old chicks, allowing them to grow in healthier and more efﬁcient conditions."

About Zoetis Zoetis is the leading animal health company, dedicated to supporting its customers and their businesses. Building on more than 60 years of experience in animal health, Zoetis discovers, develops, manufactures and markets veterinary vaccines and medicines, complemented by diagnostic products, genetic tests, biodevices and a range of services. Zoetis serves veterinarians, livestock producers and people who raise and care for farm and companion animals with sales of its products in more than 100 countries. In 2017, the company generated annual revenue of $5.3 billion with approximately 9,000 employees. For more information, visit www.zoetis.com POULTRY PLANNER | VOL. 20 | No. 12 | DECEMBER - 2018

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FOLLOW- UP MEDIA INTERACTION IN INDIA NOVEMBER 27 - POULTRY INDIA HYDERABAD 1. What is the focus of your presence during this fair in Hyderabad ? Sharing the positive impact of new technologies for Hatcheries from in ovo vaccination to advanced Robotic automation systems and demonstrating the benefits of prevention solutions for product safety, efficacy and longterm cost/return benefits. 2. You may have heard of the Indian prime minister's global campaign “Make in India”. Does Zoetis have any plans to open up a manufacturing facility in India in alignment with this campaign ? I am very familiar with the prime minister's initiative, While we don't have any manufacturing plans for India right now, we produce several important Zoetis products vialocal Contract Manufacturing Organizations: We also have a Research and Development site in Thane, gathering 50 Highly skilled and talented pool of scientists and leaders responsible for bringing new Pharma projects from idea (or candidate acquisition) through to Full Development/ Registration phase in Indian market. 3. As Zoetis' leader, what will you be looking forward to in 2020 for the company's presence in India ? Today we are much better positioned for sustainable growth towards 2020 with the right colleagues, focused on the right markets. India is an important part of our future growth given the population, demographics and animal health needs here. By 2020, we want to continue to be our customers' preferred partner and keep making the investments that will sustain our growth well into the future. In India, we gained recent product approvals including Bursaplex® (Antigen + Antibody Complex) is a single-dose vaccine that helps broilers develop lifelong protection from Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) at an early age The annual growth rates for poultry meat consumption and production show that Indian Poultry production will continue to modernize in the next few years. Zoetis wants to continue to meet the needs of poultry producers through: Ÿ Cutting edge product innovation, Ÿ Biodevices for automation of the poultry industry and Ÿ Diagnostics solutions to help vets and producers prevent diseases and use medicines properly. 4. Your company mission says that Zoetis is customer focused. What does Zoetis do differently than its competitors ? Our first difference with our competitors is our size. As Global leader, we have the size and scale to allow us to deliver meaningful results to our customers through our three interconnected capabilities: Ÿ Leverage our local presence and customer relationship Ÿ Invest in innovation to extend our product portfolio Ÿ Provide high-quality products at competitive prices. Our vision is to have our products, services and people to be the 32

most valued by animal health customers around the world. Thanks to a clear strategy and a simplified way of working, we are leading the industry in helping address growing market place needs around pet health and livestock productivity. Our competitive advantage begins with our singular focus on animal health,which none of our major competitors have, and continues with the strengths of our diversified portfolio, global leadership and scale. 5. According to the company's Core Beliefs, “Zoetis Colleagues Make the Difference.” How do you keep your team motivated to deliver that difference in the market ? I am very proud of our Zoetis company culture that is guided by our Core Beliefs. Our colleagues drive our success. We have instilled a highly collaborative culture where colleagues demonstrate a sense of ownership. They take satisfaction from seeing the impact of their achievements on the success of our company, our customers and their businesses. 6. Zoetis has recently launched several companion animal dermatology products in quick succession: there was the recent acquisition of Nexvetan innovator in monoclonal antibody therapies for companion animals. Are you putting all emphasis on poultry ? Our intent in Poultry is to continue to innovate and provide best quality service to our customers in terms of research and development, manufacturing, commercial services – however knowing the unique “integration” of this business model we are looking at several opportunities to best deliver on our customer needs in this fast growing area. For example, we are planning to introduce Embrex Bio-devices to support our hatchery customers to help in-ovo vaccinations in commercial broilers. We are confident that this will be a major change the way we support our Indian poultry customers & we are confident that our customers will gain significantly with introduction of Embrex Bio devices. We are also investing in diagnostics solutions that will help producers prevent or treat diseases and use medicines properly. 7. What is Zoetis' vision for the Indian business in short term & long term ? As the global leader in animal health we want to serve the real world needs of producers and veterinarians as they raise and care for their animals. In India we have increased our focus on building a strong presence in poultry and companion animal – two businesses where we see significant growth opportunities In particular we are focusing on three areas: Ÿ As a research and innovation based company, we will continue to bring cutting edge products to market. Our R&D site in Thane gathers 50 colleagues. Ÿ Develop biodevices solutions for automation of the Indian poultry industry (In-Ovo vaccination) Ÿ Bring diagnostic solutions to veterinarians and producers for appropriate diagnostic and proper use of medicines POULTRY PLANNER | VOL. 20 | No. 12 | DECEMBER - 2018

PRESS RELEASE

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KOLKATA INTERNATIONAL POULTRY FAIR, 2019 West Bengal Poultry Federation is going to organize the 7th Kolkata International Poultry Fair in association with the Animal Resources Development Department, Government of West Bengal from the 19th of February to 21st of February, 2019 at the Eco Tourism Park, Major Arterial Road (South – East), Action Area II, New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata- 700156. Keeping in mind about the glorious images of the fair in the past six years and the extra ordinary support from your end that has let us to go ahead & think big. Your extreme support & cooperation has given us the power to organize the fair in a much more corporate, professional & environment friendly stage. This time, the fair is organized on the lush green campus beside the silent water bodies of the Eco Tourism Park, Rajarhat, Kolkata. 33

From this year onward, for the overall Poultry Industry, we have an arrangement of endless number of stalls on the promotional ﬂoor along with other options like Souvenir A d ve r t i s e m e n t , B a n n e r s & C u t - o u t Promotions, Standee Advertisements and several other Sponsorship opportunities. We invite you to be a par t of this International Exhibition where farms, industries & organizations related to the Poultry industry from around India & other neighboring countries will be present as participants. We are building this platform to promote your company/organization by showcasing your high quality products and by branding your company/organization on the Eastern India's largest platform in front of the endless number of visitors through our creative promotional ideas.

Your whole hearted participation will make the fair more vibrant and is warmly invited. Your interests for participation will be accepted with great pleasure by the West Bengal Poultry Federation. Please ﬁnd attached the Floor Plan & the Promotional Brochure along with this e-mail. In the short-term if you have any questions or any queries or need any further clariﬁcation, please do not hesitate to connect back on this e-mail id. We will be glad to receive a reply from your end. Thanking You, Madan Mohan Maity General Secretary- West Bengal Poultry Federation Convener- Kolkata International Poultry Fair, 2019 www.ipfkol.com

POULTRY PLANNER | VOL. 20 | No. 12 | DECEMBER - 2018

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UNDER FIRE FOR POULTRY PLAN, IMRAN KHAN BANKS ON BILL GATES TO HIT BACK AT 'COLONISED MINDS'

akistan Prime Minister Imran Khan hit back at his detractors for mocking his proposal to provide eggs and chicken to rural women as part of his government's poverty alleviation programme, saying 'colonised minds' criticise him for the idea but will praise 'wilayatis' (foreigners) for a similar concept. At a ceremony to mark his government's 100 days in ofﬁce, Khan had said his government would provide l i ve s to c k a n d p o u l t r y to u n d e r privileged women to encourage them

to start their own business. He said the project was tested and the government would provide injections (vaccines) to them for raising the chickens faster. "This way, they will have nutrient food for eating and more chickens and eggs to sell, Khan had said. Pakistan's o p p o s i t i o n pa r t i e s m o c ke d t h e premier's proposal, terming it as a "serious comedy" and as "another Google-it-solution" to improve the country's ailing economy. Reacting to opposition's criticism Khan on Saturday tweeted: "For the colonised minds when desis (locals like him) talk about chickens combating poverty they get mocked, but when 'walaitis' (foreigners like Bill Gates) talk about desi chicken and poverty it's brilliance. He also referred to an article of Microsoft

founder Bill Gates in which he talked about poultry initiative believing that "it is a way to lift citizens (of rural areas) out of poverty. Those who are poking fun of Imran Khan and PTI for the chicken and egg theory of poverty alleviation should pause and read what Bill Gates has to say on the subject." Sethi tweeted.Defending its chairman the PTI, on its ofﬁcial Twitter account, said "Microsoft founder Bill Gates launched a campaign to help extremely poor families in Africa by giving them chickens. However, when PM Imran Khan talks about it, it becomes an issue. Propagandists really cannot rise above their hate." The PTI further said: "The chickens are almost entirely a women's activity, because it involves being around the household all day long.

STATE ISSUES NEW RULE FOR SHOWING FARM ANIMALS AT FAIRS. NOT EVERYONE LIKES IT.

tarting next year, students who show farm animals at California fairs must receive certiﬁcation in food safety, animal care and ethics — or they w o n' t b e a b l e to participate. Jay Carlson, Ag programs manager for the Fairs and Exhibition Branch, said the training is a way to provide another layer of preparedness for students who raise animals as part of a 4-H or FFA project. Fairs are experiencing with much more frequency, society questioning the relevance and value of our animal programs,” Carlson said. “We should all know that less than 2 percent of the population is actively involved in the production of agriculture. This fact makes fairs more important than ever concerning agriculture education. 34

POULTRY PLANNER | VOL. 20 | No. 12 | DECEMBER - 2018

NEWS

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VENKY'S Q1 REVIEW – EXCELLENT PLAY ON INDIA'S DEMOGRAPHIC, CONSUMPTION GROWTH STORY 109 crore a year ago. Proﬁt after tax (PAT) was 37 percent higher YoY at Rs 71 crores.

oultry producer Venky's posted a stable Q1FY19 with double-digit growth in the topline and operating profits. A significant reduction in interest expenses also bumped up the bottomline. Venky's, which has been in the poultry business for over four decades, looks set to ride on the consumption wave and achieve a topline of Rs 3,000 crore during this fiscal year. Revenues for the quarter increased 14 percent year-on-year (YoY) to Rs 756 crore. Earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) grew 10 percent YoY to Rs 119 crores in Q1FY19 from Rs

FY18 turned out to be a phenomenal year for Venky's in terms of financial performance as the company reported a 40 percent jump in operating profits. This was driven by better realisations for poultry and poultry products, richer product mix and higher capacity utilisation. The cash flow from operations (CFO) has improved significantly over FY17 and FY18. The inflow was utilised to bring down the debt levels to Rs 350 crores at the end of March 2018 from ~Rs 762 crores at the end of March 2015. Strong presence across the northern and central region Ve n k y 's o p e r a t e s a c r o s s t h r e e s e g m e n t s . ' Po u l t r y a n d Po u l t r y Products' segment produces and sells chicks, grownup commercial broiler (chicken raised for meat production)

and layer, processed chicken, specific pathogen-free eggs, poultry feed and other miscellaneous poultry products. The 'Animal Health Products' segment produces and sells medicines and other health products for birds. The 'Oilseed' segment produces and sells edible refined soya oil and soya de-oiled cake. The company operates multiple commercial farms, breeder farms & hatchery, poultry feed and specific pathogen free (SPF) eggs plant across the central and northern region. Besides, the company also operates a quick service restaurant under the name 'Venky's XPRS'.As a part of its expansion strategy, the company is setting up a new solvent extraction plant, vegetable oil refinery and SPF eggs plant in Maharashtra. The expansion entails a capital expenditure of around Rs 110 crores, which will be funded through a combination of longterm loans and internal accruals. These plants are expected to start commercial production over the next 3-6 months.

POULTRY VACCINES MARKET SIZE, KEY PLAYERS, APPLICATIONS, ANALYSIS, SHARE, TRENDS AND FORECAST 2023 – INDUSTRY RESEARCH REPORT 2018 development forecast 2018-2023,Main manufacturers/suppliers of Poultr y Vaccines worldwide, with company and product introduction, position in the Poultry Vaccines market

oultry Vaccines-Global Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023 offers a comprehensive analysis on Poultry Vaccines industry, standing on the readers’ perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Worldwide and Regional Market Size of Po u l t r y Va c c i n e s 2 0 1 3 - 2 0 1 7 , a n d 35

Market status and development trend of Poultry Vaccines by types and applications Cost and proﬁt status of Poultry Vaccines, and marketing status Market growth drivers and challenges. Global Poultry Vaccines Market: Manufacturers Segment Analysis: Bayer (Germany),Ceva Animal Health (US),Heska Corporation (US),Lohmann Animal Health (US),Merck Animal Health (US),Merial Ltd. (US),Protein Sciences

Corporation (US),Zoetis Inc. (US) Global Poultr y Vaccines Market: Regional Segment Analysis: North America | Europe | China | Japan Rest APAC | Latin America The global Poultry Vaccines market is segmented by type, applications, manufacturers, and region. Each segmentation includes a detailed analysis of each sub-segment and its growth rate, market valuation, and share in the overall market as well as for each region. The co m pre h e n s i ve i n f o rm ati o n h e l ps customers make informed business decisions for the quicker growth of their organization.

POULTRY PLANNER | VOL. 20 | No. 12 | DECEMBER - 2018

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POULTRY IMPORTER INVOLVED IN FRAUDULENT DEALS AT AFLAO BORDER, SOME CUSTOM OFFICIALS FIGURED

ainstaking investigations have revealed the rot which is currently been perpetrated by an importer in collusion with some custom ofﬁcers at the Aﬂao border, thereby depriving the state of the much needed revenue. The company at the centre of this rot loads containers of poultry into trucks at the port of Lome and under declares them in collusion with some custom

officials.The company usually loads about 5 trucks of which 3 are Ghanaian registered while 2 are Togolese registered trucks respectively. On the 12th November 2018 four of their trucks were found to have understated quantities and for which custom officers were detailed to do premises examination, and the excesses discovered however before these understated quantities could be penalised and the amount pay to GRA another 5 trucks from the same company loaded with poultry again was allowed through the Aflao border. It must be noted that the MOFA and Veterinary does not permit the use of the border for the importation of

poultry and beef products.These trucks are however allowed through and come to Tema in the night.Though they go through scan at the Aflao border, the scan only confirms the products in the trucks without confirming the quantities in the trucks.Again it must be noted that the Togolese customs issue what's called an a kae for the trucks which shows the actual quantities and products that was discharged from the containers into the trucks but this sadly is ignored by the Ghanaian officers. The company in the centre of this rot is one Beny Impex ltd registered on the 9th January 2018 and headed by a Togolese who also pose as a Ghanaian and have one Eli Dzamesi as a director.

Wishing you a very happy

POULTRY PLANNER | VOL. 20 | No. 12 | DECEMBER - 2018

NEWS

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USDA ANNOUNCES CRITERIA FOR ALLOWING POULTRY PROCESSORS TO OPERATE AT FASTER LINE SPEEDS serious injury rates almost double that of the private industry average and an illness rate more than six times higher than the average for all U.S. industries. The memo also notes that “literature suggests the likelihood of substantial under-reporting of worker injuries and illnesses by poultry industry employees.The Federal Register notice from FSIS points to comments on the NCC petition from poultr y trade associations and establishments contending that Bureau of Labor Statistics data shows worker injury and illness rates decreasing by more than 80

he U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Food Safety and Inspection Service will allow poultryprocessing plants to increase line speeds if they meet certain criteria, even as critics claim the move will expose workers to injuries and was made without public input.In a Federal Register notice published Sept. 28, FSIS states that it will grant waivers that permit line speeds to increase to 175 birds per minute – up from the current limit of 140 birds – if plant operators: Operate under the New Poultr y Inspection System for at least one year and comply with NPIS requirements during that time.Have a “demonstrated history” of regulatory compliance, including not being involved in a public health alert or an enforcement action triggered by a Food Safety Assessment in the past 120 days. Ÿ

Demonstrate that new equipment, procedures or technologies that allow for operation at a faster line

speed will maintain or improve food safety. Ÿ

Provide details about the establishment’s Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point system, including plans for the inhibition and reduction of Salmonella. Provide supporting information on how the increased line speed will not impact FSIS employee safety negatively or interfere with inspection procedures.

FSIS states that it created additional requirements following comments to a National Chicken Council petition from September 2017. In a letter sent to NCC on Jan. 29, the agency denied the council’s request for unrestricted line speeds, noting that it already had a process in place to address “requests for the use of alternative procedures, such as faster line speed.An OSHA memo released in 2015 cites data showing that poultry workers have

percent since 1994. FSIS adds that OSHA, not FSIS, is in charge of worker safety. In an Oct. 4 press release from the National Employment Law Project, Debbie Berkowitz, NELP program director for worker safety and health, called the FSIS announcement “stunning” and said it violates the Administrative Procedure Act.With no notice requesting comments from the public, the Trump administration’s Department of Agriculture has declared that it will start a new program to allow chicken plants to increase their line speeds, despite increasing evidence that this will endanger vulnerable workers, public health and animal w e l f a re ,” B e r ko w i t z s a i d i n t h e release,The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals criticized FSIS in a post on its website Oct. 3, claiming the agency’s plan “is bad for birds, bad for slaughter plant workers and threatens food safety.

POULTRY PLANNER | VOL. 20 | No. 12 | DECEMBER - 2018

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NFU'S NEW REPORT HIGHLIGHTS ROLE OF FARMING IN ENHANCING THE ENVIRONMENT

K, 12 December 2018 - The NFU published an important new benchmarking report on the farmed environment, launching with a highproﬁle stakeholder event in London yesterday (11 December) attended by Defra Minister George Eustice More than 130 delegates attended the conference, including MPs, the media, retailers and environmental organisations.Farmers from across the country joined NFU President Minette Batters to highlight the vital role farming plays in protecting and enhancing the environment.The report details the role farming has played through the generations in shaping Britain's iconic countryside.It also highlights the need for a better databased approach to underpin effective future agricultural and environmental policy-making and to ensure that environmental successes can be recognised, as well as to understand where more work is needed.Launching the report, NFU President Minette Batters said: "Over recent months I have recognised the need for the NFU to increase awareness of and celebrate the

good work our members do to protect, maintain and enhance the environment alongside producing food.The desire among our members for us to tell their story forms the basis of today's event. By using our members' experiences, observations and evidence, we will ensure they become the driving force in providing the solution for meeting the environmental challenges of our countryside.This report provides an honest and balanced appraisal of changes to the farmed environment, with farmer case studies at its heart. I hope it presents farmers with the opportunity to be aspirational - to set out what they would like to see happen and what they need to do to continue improving the farmed environment and their businesses.The report highlights the need for better data to benchmark environmental performance in a meaningful way. Without accurate or comprehensive data we will be permanently reliant on anecdotal or cherry-picked evidence which does not show the full picture.For example, during last year's Big Farmland Bird Count, 121 different species of birds were recorded on farm – far more than

are found on the government's official farmland bird index. And there was another success story with barn owls, which have increased by 17 percent above the average of the previous four years.In the report, the NFU outlines several of its key asks from government:Better data on wider biodiversity delivery, like insects, and more data about soil quality and emissions to air such as ammonia. Access to good data is a recurring theme.Future environmental policies with food production at the heart because farmers are in the best position to manage land for future environmental benefit.A future environmental land management scheme needs to be voluntary, open to all farmers, simple to apply for and a d m i n i s t e r, a n d o f f e r a f a i r reward.Improvements to the delivery of current agri-environment schemes in the short to medium term to make them workable and attractive.Support for farm infrastructure projects, new technologies and innovative tools to help improve productivity while reducing environmental f o o t p r i n t . S c i e n c e , re s e a rc h a n d innovation to help increase resource efficiency and fur ther reduce environmental impact.

CORN THE ANSWER TO SOARING POULTRY FEED PRICES, SAYS AG MINISTER livestock feed.We will have greater food

orn could be both a new cash crop for Malaysia and the answer to soaring poultry feed prices that have caused egg prices to spike, says Sim Tze Tzin The Deputy Agriculture and AgroBased Minister said the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute had conducted research that found farmers could produce over eight tonnes per hectare, making it viable to produce corn as 38

security if we can plant corn as feed," he s a i d . T h o u g h M a l a y s i a 's p o u l t r y production exceeded 100 percent of domestic needs, Sim pointed out that 60 percent of poultry feed ingredients were imported and this exposes poultry farmers to global risks.For decades, Mr Sim said, Malaysia imported corn as a feed ingredient from countries like the United States and Brazil but now "the price has increased so much that there

is a need for us to plant our own corn.He added that there was a potential for states with vast expanses of ﬂat terrain such as Kedah, Johor and Perak to reap proﬁts from corn production because of the high demand.

POULTRY PLANNER | VOL. 20 | No. 12 | DECEMBER - 2018

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TREES CAN HELP MITIGATE AMMONIA EMISSIONS FROM FARMING

new online calculator and guidance has been developed to help farmers and others to design wo o d l a n d s to c a p t u re a i r b o rn e ammonia and so reduce air pollution Scientists from the NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology worked with Forest Research to develop the free online tool and guidance for users as part of research funded by the Scottish Environment Protection Agency. Agriculture is the main source of ammonia emissions in the UK, with the majority coming from animal manure and fertilisers.Ammonia can lead to excess reactive nitrogen levels in sensitive habitats, causing a decline in the biodiversity of lichens, mosses and other ﬂora.It can also lead to acidiﬁcation of soils, and combines with other pollutants to produce particulate matter pollution, which is harmful to human health.By following the advice in the guidance, farmers, regulators and planning authorities can optimise tree planting to recapture ammonia around animal housing, which is a key source of

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FEBRUARY 2019 Event

: 7th Kolkata International Poultry Fair 2019 Date : 19-21 February 2019 Venue : Eco Park, Major Arterial Road (South-East), Action area ll, New Town, Kolkata

ammonia emissions.The calculator estimates the percentage of ammonia that will be recaptured by different planting options, over a set time period – up to 50 years. The guidance advises which tree species will thrive in different parts of the UK, what distance to plant trees from animal housing, and in what conﬁguration. There is also information

to help with the incorporation and use of existing woodlands.Dr Bill Bealey, an ecologist at the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, said: “Trees are particularly effective scavengers of air pollutants like ammonia. They recapture the pollutant in the tree canopy and on to the leaves, and they also help disperse the ammonia plume which reduces

impacts of nitrogen pollution on nearby sensitive habitats.Farmers who use trees to mitigate ammonia can look to a long-term range of beneﬁts. New canopies can improve animal welfare by providing animals with shade and protection from aerial predators. They can also provide screening around animal housing units, to soften the look of buildings and minimise visibility impacts on the landscape.Dr Elena Va n g u e l o va , a s o i l sustainability expert from Forest Research, said: “Tree shelters are an agroforestry technique that have beneﬁts for farmers and society as a whole.The capture of carbon and nitrogen by additional planting will play a role in helping the UK achieve its greenhouse gas emission reduction targets.Our calculator and guidance provide farmers and landowners with the information they need to use nature's best nitrogen mops to mitigate the ammonia produced by animal housing units while protecting soils, waters and the wider environment.

JANUARY 2019

FEBRUARY 2019

Event : PDLAX Asia Date : 29 -31 Jan 2019 Venue : Messe Global Exhibition Center, Sector 118, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab 140301 Web. : https://10times.com/pdlaxasia-sahibzada

Event Date Web.

MARCH 2019

: IPPE - International Production & Processing Expo 2019 : 12-14 Feb. 2019 : https://en.engormix.com/MApoultr y-industr y/events/ippeinternational-productionprocessing-expo-2019-t3065.htm

JUNE 2019

Event : VIV Asia 2019 Date : 13-15 March 2019 Venue : BITEC (Bangkok International Trade & Exhibition Centre) 88 Bangnatrad Road, Bangna, Prakanong Bangkok 10260 Thailand - Bangkok - Thailand

Event

: 22nd European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition - ESPN 2019 Date : 10-13 Jun 2019 Venue : Poland

POULTRY PLANNER | VOL. 20 | No. 12 | DECEMBER - 2018

RECIPE / SUBSCRIPTION

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Chicken Bacon Ranch Loaded Bloomin' Onion Ingredients Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ

1 sweet onion (such as Vidalia®) 1 cup whole milk 1/2 cup water 2 eggs 2 teaspoons salt, divided

Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ

1 1/4 cups all-purpose ﬂour Ÿ 1 (1 ounce) package ranch dressing mix Ÿ (such as Hidden Valley Ranch ®) Ÿ 1 teaspoon cayenne pepper Ÿ 1/2 gallon peanut oil Ÿ

salt and ground black pepper to taste 2 cups shredded Cheddar cheese 1 cup cubed cooked chicken 4 slices cooked bacon, diced 1/2 cup ranch dressing

Directions Cut 1/2 inch off the pointed part of the onion and peel. Place onion on a work surface, cut-side down. Make a downward cut into the onion, starting 1/2 inch from the root, all the way to the work surface. Repeat 3 more times, making a total of 4 evenly spaced cuts around the onion to create 4 sections, Cut each of the 4 sections of the onion into 3 even slices to reach a total of 16 evenly spaced cuts. Turn the onion over and gently separate the outer pieces, using your fingers, Whisk milk, water, eggs, and 1 teaspoon salt together in a bowl, Whisk flour, ranch dressing mix, cayenne pepper, and 1 teaspoon salt together in a separate bowl, Preheat oven to 450 degrees F (230 degrees C), Heat peanut oil in a deep fryer or deep, heavy pot to 400 degrees F (200 degrees C), Dip onion in the egg mixture using a slotted spoon or your hand. Remove and let excess egg drip back into the egg mixture. Place onion in a bowl, cut-side up. Pour all of the flour mixture on top. Shake the bowl and distribute the flour mixture evenly using a spoon or your fingers, making sure the flour mixture reaches inside the onion's petal, Lift onion out of bowl by the core, turning over and patting to release excess flour. Fully submerge the onion in egg mixture again; remove and let excess egg mixture drip back into bowl. Place onion back in bowl with flour mixture and spoon to coat onion again with flour mixture, Turn the onion cut-side down and place in a wire skimmer. Shake gently over the flour bowl and pat to release any excess flour, Carefully lower onion in the hot oil, cut-side down. Adjust the heat so the oil temperature stays at 350 degrees (175 degrees C). Fry for 3 minutes; carefully turn onion over and cook until golden brown, about 4 minutes more, Remove and drain on paper towels and season with salt, Place onion on a baking sheet and top with 1/2 of the Cheddar cheese, chicken, bacon, and remaining 1/2 of the Cheddar cheese, Bake in the preheated oven until cheese is melted, 3 to 4 minutes. Drizzle ranch dressing over onion and sprinkle green onion, salt, and pepper over the top.

(Life Time Period 10 Years)

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Send DD or Cheque in favour of Pixie Consulting solutions Ltd. payable at Karnal Address: C/o OmAng Hotel, Namaste Chowk, Near Janta Petrol Pump, KARNAL - 132001 (Haryana) INDIA or Transfer money to HDFC Bank Bank address: Opp. Mahavir Dal Hospital Account Type: Current Account Name: Pixie Consulting Solutions Limited Account Number: 01958730000179 IFSC Code: HDFC0000195 | Swift Code: HDFCINBB | PAN No. AAECP6186B

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