Poultry Planner - September 2018 by PIXIE CONSULTING SOLUTIONS LTD.

MONTHLY

VOL. 20 | No. 9 | SEPTEMBER - 2018

POULTRY FARMS TO BE

INSPECTED

þ Alert Issued Over Potential

Salmonella In Kosher Chicken Products þ Plans Debate For Animal Cell

Culture Technology To Develop Products Derived þ China Ignores Uk Request To

Share Samples Of Flu Virus With Pandemic Potential þ The Mystery Killer Keeping

Scientists Awake At Night þ Scandi Standard Shuts Poultry

Slaughtering Plant In Sweden

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From the Editor’s Desk Attention towords the Poultry Industry of India

OUR TEAM Vishal Rai Gupta Managing Director vishal@pixie.co.in Bhavana Gupta Editor-in-Chief

N.K. Gupta General Manager pcslkarnal@gmail.com

Aparna Mehmi Marketing Manager poultry.pcsl@gmail.com M: 999 170 5007

HONORARY EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Mr. G.K. Rathinam Palani Tk, Dindugul Dist, Tamilnadu

The situation has deteriorated to the point where India has now transformed from a major producer to importer of chicken and chicken products, including eggs. In the face of all these difficulties, it is very encouraging to know that there are some local entreoreneurs who are still engaged in the poultry business with the view to rescuing it from total collapse. The tasks has, however, been very daunting, given the high rate of importation of cheap poultry products, making it difficult for local poultry farmers to compete favorable. Over the years, poultry farmers have had cause to raise concern over their predicament but it appears nothing has been done to address their worries. It is for this reason that the Poultry Planner appeals to the government and the Ministry of Food and Agriculture in particular to intervene and salvage the poultry industry from its present challenges. We urge the government to provide incentive packages for poultry farmers, such as support for those who import poultry feed and other inputs, so that those items can be obtained at affordable prices. Even under the dictates of a free market enterprise, it is imperative for the government to control the importation of cheap poultry products through appropriate tariff regimes qith the view to protecting operators in the local poultry industry and making them more competitive. We also encourage commercial banks to give favorable responese to the funding of the poultry industry by devising innovative products to meet the needs of poultry farmers. The compelling need for such interventions to restore the vibrancy of the poultry industry is the prospect of creating thousands of jobs for the youth in the country, which will also help realize the government’s dream of reducing the rate of unemployment. Our poultry industry has suffered neglect for far too long and it is time to rescue ut from total collapse and male it vibrant once again. Besides the business opportunities that the industry will create, a vibrant poultry sector will help improve the protein needs of the people, especially children. The Poultry Planner therefore, appeals to the authorities to put in place the necessary interventions to attracts more investment to the poultry sector

Dr. J Tamizhkumaran M.VSc., PGDEP., Ph.D. (Ph. D in Veterinary & Animal Husbandry Extension Education)

Mr. S.S Rathore (MVSc Poultry Science IBRI, Izatnagar)

Dr. Manisha Singodia (MVSc Poultry Science, Jaipur)

Dr. Annanda Das (Ph. D Scholar, WBUAFS, Kolkata)

Dr. M. Arul Prakash (MVSc Assistant Professor, Tanjore)

Dr. B.L. Saini (Ph. D ICAR, Izatnangar)

Editorial Policy is independent. Views expressed by authors are not necessarily held by the editors. Registered as Newspaper by Registrar of Newspaper for India : RNI No. 71668/99 Licensed to post at Karnal HPO under Postal Regn. No. PKL-91/2016-2018 Editorial & Advertisement may not be reproduced without the written consent of the publishers. Whilst every care is taken to ensure the accuracy of the contents of Poultry Planner the publishers do not accept any responsibility or liability for the material herein. Publication of news, views of information is in the interest of positive poultry industrial development in India. It does not imply publisher’s endorsement. Unpublished material of industrial interest, not submitted elsewhere, is invited. The submitted material will not be returned. Publisher, Printer Mrs. Bhavana Gupta on behalf of Pixie Publication India (P) Ltd. Karnal Printed at Jaiswal Printing Press, Railway Road, Karnal Published at : C/o OmAng Hotel, Namaste Chowk, Near Janta Petrol Pump, KARNAL - 132001 (Haryana) INDIA Editor-in-Chief : Mrs. Bhavana Gupta All Legal matters are subject to karnal jurisdiction

INDEX

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Features...

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06 EDITORIAL

38 NEWS

08 ADVERTISEMENT INDEX

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42 RECIPE

Advanced Bio Agro Tech Ltd

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UPCOMING EVENTS

Articles... FACTS ABOUT AVIAN UROLITHIASIS (GOUT) Dr. J. Tamizhkumaran

VIRAL DISEASES OF POULTRY AND THEIR PREVENTIVE MEASURE

Dr. B.L. Saini

IONOPHORES ANTIBIOTICS TOXICITY AND THEIR MITIGATION IN POULTRY Dr. Rahul Y. Nanotkar

SIGNIFICANCE OF POULTRY IN HUMAN SOCIETY

Dr. Ashish Saini

POULTRY BORNE DISEASES: A POTENTIAL THREAT TO FOOD SAFETY Dr. Prachurya Biswal

Press Release

32 KEY INITIATIVES OF INDIAN HERBS TO UNDERTAKE NOVEL RESEARCH ON HERBAL PRODUCTS

36 CHANGE OF GUARD: NEW LEADERSHIP TEAM AT THE HELM AT CLFMA OF INDIA

37 HUVEPHARMA® ACQUIRES T-HEXX ANIMAL HEALTH & QALIAN, AN INVIVO & MERIEL COMPANY

32 8

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FACTS ABOUT AVIAN UROLITHIASIS (GOUT) Abstract Gout is a condition in which kidney function has decreased to the point where uric acid (nitrogenous waste) accumulates in the blood and body fluids. The uric acid subsequently precipitates as calcium sodium urate crystals in various locations, particularly in the kidneys and on the serous membranes of the liver, heart, air sacs and joints. Bronchitis and calciumphosphorus imbalance as major causes of gout mortality in poultry. There is no specific treatment to treat gout conditions, but good management practice will lead to reduce the condition. Experimental diets c o n t a i n i n g s o m e a c i d i fi e r s l i ke ammonium chloride, which dissolve kidney stones.

Nutritional or metabolic factors known to affect the kidneys are: Ÿ

Excess dietar y calcium fed to immature pullets over a period of time will result in kidney damage that may lead to gout.

Grower diets that contain large particle-size CaCO3 (i.e., greater than 1-2 mm mean diameter) that allows individuals to selectively pick out and consume these particles, in turn resulting in excessive intake of calcium. To ensure correct calcium intake, grower diets should contain CaCO3 only in a ﬁne-powder form (i.e, 1 mm mean diameter or less). Larger particle size CaCO3 may be used beginning with the pre-lay diet, after 15-16 weeks of age.

Phosphorus acts as a urinar y acidiﬁer and helps prevents the formation of kidney stones. Phosphorus has been shown to partially protect the kidney against calcium-induced damage. Marginally low available phosphorus in grower diets has been associated with higher gout incidence.

Introduction Avian urolithiasis, or gout, is not a single disease entity, but rather the result of kidney damage from any of a number of potential causes. Kidney damage can be caused by infectious disease, nutritional issues, toxic substances, or a combination of factors. Visceral gout is a condition of chickens that has been recognized for more than 30 years. Due to its striking lesions, many names have been used to describe visceral gout, such as acute toxic nephritis, renal gout, kidney stones, nutritional gout, nephrosis, and others. Visceral gout is readily recognized by its distinctive lesions which are characterized by white chalk-like deposits covering the surface of various abdominal organs as well as the pericardial (heart) sac.

Water deprivation, due to mechanical malfunction, may affect kidney function, but research has not demonstrated a direct result in gout.

Vitamin A deﬁciency over a long period of time can cause damage to the lining of the ureter, but should be rare with modern vitamin formulation.

Cause of gout The cause of gout is often difﬁcult to determine. Possible factors that can cause or contribute to gout are nutritional factors, infectious factors and toxic factors. Nutritional 10

Sodium bicarbonate is sometimes used to improve egg shell quality or combat the effects of heat stress. Sodium bicarbonate can contribute to gout by making the urine more alkaline, which with high levels of calcium, is an ideal medium for formation of kidney stones.

Infectious Infectious agents known to be involved in gout are infectious bronchitis (IB) and avian nephritis virus (ANV). Infectious bronchitis is a highly contagious virus that normally involves the respiratory tract, but can also affect the reproductive and urinary systems. Avian nephritis virus, an enterovirus that affects the kidneys, has been associated with kidney disease and serious outbreaks of mortality in Europe and Asia. Although most information at this time suggests only a subclinical role for avian nephritis virus, research has shown avian nephritis virus inoculated into healthy chickens will cause inﬂammation of the kidneys and could lead to gout. Toxins Some potentially toxic substances are used on a routine basis, while others are the result of accidental exposure. Products used on a routine basis that have potential for human error and resulting toxicity are antibiotics, anticoccidials, minerals, vitamins, manufactured chemicals, and pesticides. Ÿ

Antibiotics, such as sulfas and aminoglycosides, are eliminated from the body via the kidneys and are potentially nephrotoxic, particularly when water intake is restricted.

Minerals and vitamins such as calcium, phosphorus, sodium, and vitamin D3 are potentially toxic to chickens. Chicks, however, are much more sensitive to toxicity, probably because their kidneys are not fully developed.

Disinfectants and insecticides, when used according to manufacturers' recommendations, are safe and effective, but a miscalculation of dosage can result in toxicity.

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There are several mycotoxins that are nephrotoxic and/or hepatotoxic in laying hens, including ochratoxin A, oosporein, and deoxynivalenol (DON). The kidney and liver damage caused by ingesting these mycotoxins can cause gout among other clinical signs.

Infectious bronchitis management Ÿ

Infectious bronchitis vaccines should be administered according to the manufacturers' directions and recommendations. To provide optimum protection, the vaccination program should include several live vaccinations of bronchitis (can be in combination with Newcastle) at about 3 weeks, 8 weeks, and 14 weeks of age by spray or drinking water.

Use of several serotypes of bronchitis vaccine will generally improve cross-protection against other ﬁeld variants and possibly against nephro-pathogenic strains.

Pathology and Clinical Signs Gout occurs when kidney function has decreased to the point where uric acid (a nitrogen waste) accumulates in the blood and body ﬂuids. The uric acid subsequently precipitates as calcium sodium urate crystals in a variety of locations, particularly in the kidneys and on the serous membranes of the liver, heart, air sacs, and joints. The damaged kidneys are characterized by atrophied or missing portions of kidney lobes, kidney and ureter stones, and remaining kidney tissue that is swollen and white with urates. Compensatory enlargement of remaining normal kidney tissue takes place in an attempt to maintain adequate renal function. Although gout has been recognized for some time as a cause of excessive pullet and layer mortality, it continues to be a diagnostic challenge. Chickens affected by renal damage can continue to be productive until less than one third of kidney mass remains functional. As a result, birds can be in full production and exhibit few external symptoms until shortly before death. Figure 1. Gout lesions: White chalky deposits over the heart, liver, and abdominal cavity

Figure 2. Kidney degeneration, leaving swollen ur et er on the r ight side. Compensat or y hypertrophy in lower lobes on the left side 12

Control Gout, when recognized as a problem in field cases, is likely to be a multifactorial problem and identifying a specific cause is often difficult. Another reason for diagnostic difficulty is that kidney damage occurring during the growing period often has no apparent signs until the birds later come into egg production and are fed high calcium diets. Field cases and research have demonstrated the importance of interactions between 2 or more c o n t r i b u t i n g f a c to r s , e s p e c i a l l y nutrition and infectious bronchitis. Nutritional intervention Ÿ

The grower diets should contain no more than about 1% calcium in powder (i.e., less than 1 mm mean diameter) form up to 15-16 weeks of age. A high calcium intake in immature pullets can cause serious kidney damage.

The dietary content of available phosphorus levels should be adequate, typically 0.45-0.50% in grower diets.

If sodium bicarbonate is used, use only enough to supply 20-30% of the diet's recommended sodium content (with the remainder coming from salt, NaCl). A ﬂock with gout should not be medicated with sodium bicarbonate or fed a diet that is highly alkaline (i.e., high levels of sodium or potassium).

Feed samples could be assayed for the presence of the mycotoxins.

Water deprivation should be avoided in growing and laying ﬂocks.

Treatment There is no specific treatment to treat gout conditions, but good management practice will lead to reduce the condition. Experimental diets containing ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, DL-methionine, and methionine hydroxy analog all successfully acidify the urine, which dissolves kidney stones. Summary The presence of gout mortality in pullets or layers indicates some form of kidney damage has occurred at an earlier time in the flock's life. Bronchitis and calcium-phosphorus imbalance as major causes of gout mortality in p o u l t r y. O t h e r f a c t o r s s u c h a s electrolyte balance, mycotoxins, and water deprivation need to be recognized as possible contributing factors. If gout does occur in a flock, mortality can be reduced by increasing the acidity of the urine to dissolve existing kidney stones or to prevent additional kidney stones from forming.

A. Varun, J. Tamizhkumaran and Amel Rose Ph.d., Scholar, Department of Poultry Science, MVC, Assistant Professor (contract), Department of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension, RIVER, Puducherry Department of Veterinary Public Health, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai

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VIRAL DISEASES OF POULTRY AND THEIR PREVENTIVE MEASURE Introduction Poultry are kept all over the world for various reasons. They are one of the cheapest sources of protein and can be kept by anyone, even in backyards. Two very important factors that should be addressed to ensure that you have a healthy ﬂock of chickens are management and environment. Poultry Diseases prevention and their control is one of the most important factor for the proﬁtability of poultry business. When chickens are healthy they eat less food and produce more meat and eggs. They are less trouble to look after and less money is spent on medical costs. Spread of Disease:

Weight that is typical for the type and age of the bird

10. Po w e r f u l m o v e m e n t s w h e n struggling

12. C o l o r o f t h e s k i n t h a t i s characteristic for the breed and strain of bird, as well as the age and state of production

There are not many forms of treatment or in certain cases no treatment for some diseases, which is why prevention is so important

Try to separate all sick chickens from the healthy ones daily. The sick chickens should be handled and treated last to prevent the spread of the disease

Rectify management problems

Factors Contributing to Disease Factors that can contribute to disease include management, environment and the chickens themselves Management: 1.

Poor hygiene and inadequate cleaning programme

Poor-quality food and water

Leaking water bowls

Overcrowding of chicks

Rat and ﬂy problems

Chickens of mixed ages reared together

Environment:

Characteristics of Healthy Birds:

Wet litter

In order to identify signs of diseases early, it is important to be familiar with the characteristics of a healthy bird. A healthy bird displays the following traits:

Too hot or too cold conditions

No air circulation

1. 2.

Bright red comb and wattles

Filled-out face parts

Bright and alert eyes

General Prevention Diseases can be prevented through management, environmental and chicken factors Management: 1.

By apply correct methods for raising young chicks (temperature, food, water, bedding)

Disinfect and clean the housing of chicks

avoid over-crowding

Use the best-quality food

provide clean water daily

Use bedding that is not dusty

Prevent the buildup of gases by cleaning and ventilation

Dusty bedding

Control rats and ﬂies

High build up of chicken droppings

Sharp wires in the cages

Ensure that no people from outside your farm visit the chicken house

No security measures to prevent people and animals from entering the chicken house

10. Have bird-proof houses to keep out wild birds that eat the food and bring diseases to your chickens

Chickens: 1.

No vaccination

Poor condition as a result of underfeeding

Clean nostrils

Young chickens

Smooth, neat, clean feathers

Actions at First Signs of Disease:

Filled-out legs

Joints that are smooth and cool to the touch

You must act quickly at the ﬁrst signs of disease. The chickens must be treated,

General Treatment

11. Scales on the legs and feet that are clean and waxy in appearance

A disease can spread rapidly among chickens because they are usually kept together in a cage or chicken house. They also share the same food and water bowls, which can spread disease and infections from sick to healthy chickens. In an intensive system we place a great deal of pressure on the chickens to grow fast and to lay many eggs. This situation can cause disease to spread resulting in a lot of damage because of the stress the chickens experience.

Erect stance with head and tail elevated

and management that may have led to the problem must be corrected to prevent the disease from occurring again

Environment: 1.

Building should be large enough for the chickens

Fix leaky water troughs

Feed and water bowls should be cleaned daily

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Fresh food and water should be supplied

Houses should be warm in winter and cool in summer and well ventilate

Dust causes irritation of the respirator y tract and the environment must therefore not be dusty Use cages for laying hens that do not have sharp edges that can injure the hens. Make sure that there is sufﬁcient space per hen

Chickens: 1.

Purchased the chicks from a good, reliable supplier

Vaccinate chicks against important diseases

Keep chickens of the same age together in one house

Important viral Infections: 1.

Newcastle disease

Marek's disease

Fowl pox

Avian inﬂuenza

Infectious bursal disease (gumboro)

Infectious bronchitis

Quail bronchitis

Laryngotracheitis

Newcastle Disease / Ranikhet Disease Ÿ

Newcastle disease is probably the most important disease for poultry farmers around the world. It is a production disease that causes a large number of deaths in chickens and huge losses to farmers and the industry

Newcastle disease is a contagious viral bird disease affecting many domestic and wild avian species; it is transmissible to humans.

Because there is no treatment and the disease spreads so quickly, sick

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chickens should be slaughtered immediately Ÿ

The causal agent, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is a variant of avian paramyxovirus 1 (APMV-1), a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus.

Signs in sick chickens: A large number of chickens will die suddenly without any of the following apparent causes:

It's also recommend that your neighbours vaccinate their chickens as soon as possible

Clean the chicken house thoroughly with soap and water. All equipment must be washed. Ever ything should then be disinfected.

All chicken litter or dead chickens should be burned to prevent the spread of the disease

Depression- dull

Off feed and droopy

Marek's Disease Virus (MDV)

Comb and wattles become pale

Ner vous signs- progressively paralysis

Sneezing, swollen eyes, difﬁculty in breathing

It is a highly contagious viral infection that predominantly affects young chickens but can also affect pheasants, quail, gamefowl and turkeys. It is one of the most common diseases that affect poultry ﬂocks worldwide.

Greenish diarrhea with foul smell

Death

Treatment 1.

NO treatment for the disease

All the chickens may die within a few days and Very few chickens survive

It is best to prevent the diseases by good management and a vaccination programme

Veterinarian will give you the best advice in a Newcastle disease outbreak

Prevention 1.

Vaccinate all the chickens against this disease by using a good vaccination programme before any signs appear

Vaccinate the chick at ﬁrst week with RDVFI strain

Vaccinate the chick at 6th week and 16-18 week with RDVK strain

It is a very contagious disease, which means it spreads easily to other farms.

Yo u s h o u l d n o t v i s i t y o u r neighbours without washing and putting on new clothes and shoes.

Fig: Skin lesions from Marek's disease Source: The Merck Veterinary Manual

Prevention and treatment of Marek's Disease 1.

There is no treatment for MD. Vaccination is the central strategy for the prevention and control of MD.

Vaccinate the day old chick with MDV ( Marek's disease vaccine)

Fowl pox (FP) It is a viral disease in hens, turkeys and many other birds, characterized by

Fig: conjunctival mucosa, injured by the pox virus

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IONOPHORES ANTIBIOTICS TOXICITY AND THEIR MITIGATION IN POULTRY Introduction Feed additives are the substances used in animal or birds ration for the purpose of improving either the quality of feed and animals performance and health. Large number of feed additives is available in market including growth and performance enhancers. Although feed additives are approved only after scientiﬁc evaluations demonstrate that they do not have harmful effects on the human and animal health as well environment. Antibiotics are mostly used in therapeutics for their antimicrobial purposes, but some ionophores (e.g. monensin) are used for growth promoter and production e n h a n c i n g p r o p e r t y. I n i t i a l l y ionophores were developed as anticoccidial drugs, but some agents monensin, lasalocid and salinomycin found useful as well for growth promotion in animals and birds but horses are highly susceptible for toxic effects of ionophores antibiotics. However, accidental overdose, misuse, mixing errors and accidental ingestion in non-target species could result in toxicity in a number of animals. Horses, cattle, avian species, dogs, cats and rats are sensitive to ionophore toxicity. A well-known toxic effect of ionophores is cardiac toxicity and muscle degeneration in suspected species. Ionophores is also associated with n e r v o u s s y s te m l e a d i n g to t h e neuropathy which is manifested with myelin degeneration and ataxia. Properties Ionophores antibiotics are fermentation product of streptomyces species. Ionophores either monovalent (monensin and salinomycin) or divalent (lasalocid, Maduramicin) polyether antibiotics. These agents are rapidly absorbed from the GI tract and 18

metabolized by hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes. Metabolites mainly excreated from bile and faces. (Sandhu and Brar, 2000) Mode of action Ionophores form lipid soluble complexes with cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+ & Mg2+) & interfere with normal transport of cations across surface membranes of parasite /cells modify permeability. Alteration of normal concentration gradients of ions across the cell. Increased intracellular Na+ inhibits mitochondrial functions. Excessive increase of intracellular Ca++ exceeds the ability of mitochondria to effectively sequester Ca++ & it causes membrane damage, cell swelling and bursting. These actions results in initial positive ionotropy followed by terminal negative ionotropy and skeletal muscle contractility leading to death. (Galitzer and Oehme, 1984, Becker et al., 1996)

monensin < maduramicin.( Oehme and Pickrell , 1999). Toxicity cases have repor ted for ionophores with sulphaquinoxaline/ sulphamethazine/ sulphadimethoxine and Monensin /narasin /salinomycin with erythromycin in combination. Causes of toxicity Ÿ

Accidental overdose

Uneven distribution of drug in feed

Contamination of feed

Some dietary interactions – protein and fat source/ level, minerals

Dehydration (turkeys)

Interactions with other drugs

Table No. 1: Represents the optimal therapeutic doses and lowest toxic doses in poultry birds Drug

Optimal dose (ppm) Lowest level of toxicity (ppm)

Monensin

100-125

125-150

Narasin

60-80

80-100

Lasalocid

75-125

125-150

Salinomycin 60-75

100

Toxicity

Clinical signs

Toxicity of ionophore antibiotics vary with species of the animals and dose of compounds. Horses are at the heighest risk with oral LD50 of 2-3 mg/kg (monensin) and 0.6 mg/kg (salinomycin). Acute LD50 of monensin in sheep, dogs, cattle and chickens is 12,20, 22 and 200 mg/kg, respectively. It indicates that poultry birds are quite resistance to ionophores as compared to other animals. Equines and turkey are highly susceptible to ionophores toxicity, it must be avoided in these species. (Sandhu and Brar, 2000). Maduramicin was the most toxic of all the ionophores. Nearly all maduramicin fed to poultry persists in litter (manure), making this poultry litter toxic if fed to cattle and pigs as a nitrogen source. The relative toxicities of the ionophores from lowest to highest were salinomycin < lasalocid < narasin <

Type and onset of clinical signs of ionophores vary with species of birds and other host factor such as age , diet and physical condition. In acute form of toxicity, death suddenly occurs due to cardiovascular collapse and shock or weeks after apparent recovery due to cardiac ﬁbrosis. Important clinical signs in birds are incoordination, abnormal gait / toe walking, diarrhoea, rufﬂed feathers and reduced feed intake. The decreased egg production is often observed and nervous signs includes paralysis and death. Reported cases of salinomycin intoxication in birds were associated with high mortality, signs of dyspnea, drowsiness, sternal recumbency with legs extended posteriorly, inability to stand, stiffness, and weakness (Andreasen and Schleifer, 1995). Subchronic toxicity of monensin in broiler chickens reported

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Figure A: Liver degeneration and egg peritonitis reported in ionophore toxicity in broiler. (Koutoulis et al, 2013)

growth depression, anorexia, produce the reduction in liver size and weight. Acute toxicity resulted in weakness, paralysis, and death of the treated birds with signiﬁcant toxic effects on skeletal muscle. Lasalocid caused a dose dependant neurotoxicity in broiler chickens at doses greater than 11.23 mg kg-1. The clinical manifestation of neurotoxicity resulted in ataxia. Nerves tissues from affected birds showed number of changes in myelin disruption, degeneration and vacuole formation in myelin (Gregor y et al.,1995) Post mortem ﬁndings Epicardial, pericardial hemorrhages and myocardial enlargement are commonly seen in ionophores toxicity and lesions of skeletal muscle may be evident. Hydropericardium , ascites and egg peritonitis are usually found in suspected cases.

Contd of... Page 16 cutaneous lesions on the feather-less skin and/or diphtheritic lesions of mucous coats of the upper alimentary and respiratory tract. FP is encountered in either cutaneous or diphtheritic form or in both. In most outbreaks, the cutaneous form is prevailing.

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Figure C: Showing Spleen atrophy of right spleen compared with normal sized spleens on the left and middle in broiler (Koutoulis s2013)

Figure B- Showing ternal recumbancy and limb outstreched in turkey. (Koutoulis et al,2013)

Treatment and management There is no specific treatment antidote or treatment to ionophores antiobitic poisoning. Treatment mainly include detoxification (activated charcoal , saline cathar tics).Electrolytes, multivitamins, vitamin E and selenium are found beneficial in the water in an attempt to boost the health of the birds. Complete removal of the old feed, change of feed concentrate and use of new ingredients should be immediately applied. Conclusion Ionophores toxicosis causes severe health and production problems in poultry and broiler industry. Therefore,

veterinarians should help to educate clients and farmers about potential toxicity in both feed mill and farming level. Immediately change the feed to another ration if ionophore toxicity is suspected in a ﬂock. Regular checking d r u g c o m pa t i b i l i t y w h e n u s i n g ionophores with other drugs or feed additives is recommended. The best thing is to prevent toxicosis and, in order to do it, care should be taken to establish the correct dosages for each species, distribute the ionophore in the feed in a homogeneous way, and check for the concomitant use of other drugs that may act as potentiators.

Dr. Rahul Y. Nanotkar1, Dr Rajesh Limsay3 and Dr Amol Talokar3 1

Teaching Associate, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, P.G.I.V.E.R , Jaipur 2 Assistant professor, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Nagpur Veterinary College, MAFSU, Nagpur.

Prevention: 1. Vaccinate the chick at 2nd week with PPV (pigeon pox vaccine) 2. Vaccinate the chick at 6th week with FPV (fowl pox vaccine) Age of bird 1st day 1st week 2nd week 6th week 8th week 10th week 16th week 4th month

Preventive and curative measure MDV vaccination RDVFI vaccination PPV vaccination RDVK vaccination Deworming FPV vaccination RDVK vaccination Deworming

VIRAL DISEASES OF POULTRY AND THEIR PREVENTIVE MEASURE a

B. L. Saini , A. Baranwal , a b B.C. Naha , Neha Sharma , a a Adesha A. singh , A. mehrotra c and R. K. Jaiswal a&c

Ph.D. Scholar, Division of Animal Genetics & Ph.D. Scholar, Division of LPT, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar-243122, India b Ph.D. Scholar, Animal Nutrition Division, RAJUVAS, Bikaner, India,

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SIGNIFICANCE OF POULTRY IN HUMAN SOCIETY for those who have an increased need for calorie and protein compared to the general population. Chicken - the miracle meat

Introduction Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) is one of the most valued foods among people of all ages, throughout the world. Not only it forms a crucial part of various culinary traditions but it is also highly nutritious and delicious to taste. A variable but moderate energy content, highly digestible proteins (with low levels of collagen) of good nutritional quality, unsaturated lipids (mainly found in the skin and easily removed), B-group vitamins (mainly thiamin, vitamin B6, and pantothenic acid), and minerals (like iron, zinc, and copper) make poultry meat a valuable food. There are many varieties of chicken, including free range chicken, organic chicken, and conventional chicken, the difference being on the basis of their breeding. While freerange chicken, as the term implies, is allowed to roam freely in the pastures; conventional chicken, which is also the most controversial, is kept in cages and not allowed to move freely. Epidemiological studies performed across the world, in highly diverse populations with different food preferences and nutritional habits, provide solid information on the association between poultry consumption, within a balanced diet, an d go o d h e al th . Po u l tr y m e at consumption also contributes to the overall quality of the diet in speciﬁc ages and conditions (prior to conception, during pregnancy up to the end of breastfeeding, during growth, and in the geriatric age) and is suitable 24

According to the USDA, chicken (100 g) has moisture (65 g), energy (215 kcal), protein (18 g), fat (15 g), saturated fat (4 g), cholesterol (75 mg), calcium (11 mg), iron (0.9 mg), magnesium (20 mg), phosphorus (147 mg), potassium (189 mg), sodium (70 mg), and zinc (1.3 mg). [1] In terms of vitamins, it contains vitamin C, thiamin, riboﬂavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin D, and vitamin K. Chicke meat is a white meat, distinguished from other meats such as beef and lamb by its lower iron content (0.7 mg compared with 2 mg/100 g). Chicken meat has several advantages over other meats

In low-income countries, commercially produced chicken meat is well placed to satisfy the demands of a rapidly increasing afﬂuent, middle class who can afford to pay for broiler chickens. Faci l i ti es and i nf ras tructure for producing broiler chickens can be established quickly and soon start generating. In developing countries, the diet of people living in cities usually contains more animal protein than that of rural people, mainly because urban people are more prosperous, but also because they generally have access to a wider variety of foods at local markets Not only is chicken meat seen as a healthy meat, but it is also the cheapest of all livestock meats. A major advantage of eggs and poultry meat as human food is that there are no major taboos on their consumption. In addition, a chicken provides a meal for the average family without the need for a refrigerator to store left-overs. Meat from other livestock such as pigs and cattle is kept mainly for special festive occasions and celebrations, partly because of a lack of storage facilities (no refrigerator or electricity supply). Health Beneﬁts of Chicken meat

The fat content of cooked chicken varies depending on whether it is cooked with the skin on or off, the portion of the bird, and the bird’s diet and breed. Breast meat contains less than 3 g fat/100 g. An average value for dark meat (skin off) is 5 to 7 g/100 g. About half of the fat from chicken meat is made up of the desirable monounsaturated fats, and only onethird of the less healthy saturated fats. There are much higher proportions of saturated fats in most cuts of red meat, which also vary considerably in total fat. Chicken meat is therefore seen as a healthy meat. Chicken meat does not contain the trans fats that contribute to coronary heart disease, and can be found in high amounts in beef and lamb.

High Protein Content

Rich in Vitamins & Minerals

Control of Blood Pressure

Reduced Cancer Risk

Easy to Digest

Low in Calories, Cholesterol, Sodium, and Fat

Helps build muscles

Strong bones and healthy teeth

Re d u c e s P M S ( p re - m e n s t r u a l syndrome) symptoms

Relieves stress

Helps boost testosterone levels

Boosts immunity

POULTRY PLANNER | VOL. 20 | No. 9 | SEPTEMBER - 2018

ARTICLE Chickenn Eggs Eggs can be purchased relatively cheaply and in small numbers. One egg is almost a meal in itself and when hardboiled will last for several weeks. It can be taken to school safely by children for lunch. Scavenging chickens provide cheap eggs and meat Scavenging family poultry provide much-needed protein and income, and contribute to food security for many families living in poor rural regions of developing countries. The eggs and meat produced by their own or neighbours’ small poultry ﬂocks are the only eggs and poultry meat that the majority of these families areever likely to eat. This makes family poultry increasingly important as the world’s population pushes towards 7 billion people. Furthermore, it is not difﬁcult to improve the nutritional value of the egg, to become a functional food.

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The term "Persian bird" for the rooster appears to have been given by the Greeks after Persian contact "because of his great impor tance and his religious use among the Persians". Others

In religion Since antiquity chickens have been, and still are, a sacred animal in some cultures and deeply embedded within belief systems and religious worship. 25

The egg has a long-standing tradition of being honored during ceremonies welcoming spring and the arrival of new life. Before eggs were available yearround, the spring equinox marked the availability of fresh eggs. The egg was celebrated as a symbol of fertility during the Spring equinox, representing the rebirth of life in the new season. Later, eggs came to symbolize the resurrection of Jesus Christ, merging the traditions and symbols of the pagan Spring festival with the Christian celebration of Easter. Even the name of the holiday is a derivative of the Spring goddess Eostre. Eggs have been colored as symbols of life for thousands of years. Some modern-day genuine chicken feather earnings also utilized by humans. Common Myths about Raising Poultry

Brown eggs are more nutritious than white eggs

The nutrient content of an egg is based largely on a hen’s diet, not the color of its egg, which is determined solely by the chicken’s breed. A free-roaming chicken that consumes grass and bugs will lay eggs with less cholesterol and saturated fat and more Vitamin A and E, betacarotene and Omega-3s than a c h i c ke n f e d p u re l y c o m m e rc i a l corn/grain-based foods ü

Poultry Industry in Indian Economy Poultry farming in India, in spite of several constraints, has progressed considerably during the last decade. Poultr y production in India was conﬁned to backyards till recently. Local breed of birds were reared for the supply of eggs and meat. The increasing demand for poultr y products necessitates augmenting the supply by importing improved breeds of poultry. In 1961, the proportion of hybrid populations in the total population of poultry was about 2 percent. Within a couple of decades, these birds have dominated the market sidelining the indigenous birds. The technological advances have revolutionized the role and the structure of poultry industry in India. It became one of the most specialized enterprises in many parts of the country.

Chickens carry disease

Chickens don’t carry any more risk of disease than a dog or cat. In fact, they love to eat ticks and other pesky critters known to transmit diseases like Lyme disease, tapeworm and heartworm. While salmonella can be transmitted to humans through poultry dander and feces, simply washing hands after handling the chickens keeps the risk of infection minimal. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) also cautions against live poultry inside the home and against letting children younger than ﬁve years old handle poultry. ü

Chickens attract rodents and predators

“Wild predators are not any more attracted to chickens than they are to wild birds, rabbits, squirrels and other small animals,”. “The truth is, predators are likely already living in midst. The key to keeping them at bay is to keep chickens safe in an enclosed pen or run area. Chicken feed should also be taken up at night and stored in predatorproof container s to reduce the possibility of ﬂies and mice.” ü

Chickens are noisy

“Despite what we have heard, chickens are pretty quiet. In fact, a clucking chicken tends to be on par with normal human conversation (60–65 decibels). In other words, it’s a lot quieter than Continue page on...30

POULTRY PLANNER | VOL. 20 | No. 9 | SEPTEMBER - 2018

ARTICLE

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POULTRY BORNE DISEASES: A POTENTIAL THREAT TO FOOD SAFETY Introduction Safety is a priority at every stage of the food chain from farm to fork; this step ensures hygienic food available to consumers and is safe to eat. However, they may occasionally become contaminated to a level which spoils the food and cause illness if eaten. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that in spite of advancement in modern technology and efforts to provide safe food, food borne diseases remain a major public health concern. The greatest risk to the consumer is through mishandling of food in establishments like restaurants, hotels and in home. Home is a particular area where improved consumer awareness of food safety issues can reap rewards in terms of risk reduction. How does food become contaminated by microbes? What can the consumers to do help ensure that the food he or she eats is safe? Creating awareness among people to prevent the egg and meat borne diseases to lessen the harmful effects of the diseases is very much essential. Causes of egg and meat borne diseases Egg and meat contain pathogenic microbes, which may cause harmful diseases. Fresh meat is usually sterile. However, changes after harvesting or slaughter, or during processing may allow microbes to enter the food. 1.

Failure to thoroughly heat or cook egg and meat will invite diseases.

Through infected employees who practice poor personal hygiene at home and at work place.

Contaminated ingredients incorporated into foods that receive no further cooking

Failure to reheat cooked foods to temperature that kill bacteria

Cross-contamination of cooked foods with raw foods.

Through improperly cleaned equipments.

Consuming raw eggs and meat prepared a day or more before they are served.

botulinum, Clostridium welchi Endogenous animal infection transmissible to man by poultry meat Salmonellosis, Erisipelothrix, Ornithosis, Tuberculosis Salmonellosis

Poultry at greatest risk The incidence of contamination is probably highest in poultry. Here, rapid growth in poultry production and failure to adopt suitable hygienic measures during production lead to diseases. There has been increased infection with food poisoning microbes in poultry meat and eggs. Eggs can carry bacteria such as Salmonella enteritis on their shells or within the egg. Salmonella infections are on increase across the world. An important precaution in preventing food borne illness from poultry and eggs is through cooking; the World Health Organization recommends that raw egg should be viewed as a potentially hazardous ingredient which should not be used in foods which will receive no further heat treatment. Meat borne diseases through chemical or toxicological origin Alkaloids and other toxic substances from ergotized grain, consumed by animals do not accumulate to toxic levels in meat tissues but they may accumulate in viscera such as liver and kidney. The two main dangers of antibiotic which are frequently used in poultry production are development of antibiotic resistant micro-organism and allergic reaction associated with residual traces of antibiotics. Exogenous contamination of meat and meat products B y S a l m o n e l l a , St a p h y l o c o c c u s , Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium

Fig 1: Salmonella typhimurium

It is probably the most common zoonotic disease transmitted to human beings mainly through poultry meat. Salmonella bacteria in feed are largely associated with the protein component, especially meat that of animal origin. Causative agent Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella dubllo Transmission Source of infection is infected faeces , contaminated food and water and by contaminated fresh and processed meat. Symptoms Acute enteritis with diarrhea, chronic enteritis or septicemia and dysentery,. Lesions Multiple sub mucosal and sub serosal hemorrhages. Mesenteric lymph nodes are swollen, edematous and h e m o r r h a g i c . L i ve r s h o w s f a t t y degeneration. Blood stained ďŹ&#x201A;uid in pleural and peritoneal cavity.

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ARTICLE Treatment One of the more effective treatments is gamma irradiation. Dempster(1985) demonstrated that this process can destroy Salmonellas on carcasses and prolong shelf life .If the number of carrier birds could be minimized, control measures in the slaughter house would have a better chance of reducing carcass contamination. Treatment of processed carcass with heat and chemicals to eliminate Salmonellas prior to retail distribution. Botulism It is a highly fatal intoxication caused by the powerful toxin of Clostridium botulinum which is ingested in food, characterized by paralysis of muscle and ultimate death due to respiratory or cardiac failure.

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complication. Mechanical ventilator used in having trouble breathing. Bird flu – zoonotic threat Diseases occur by consuming both infected egg and meat. Mostly bird flu is caused by H5N1, H7N1 andH9N1 influenza virus. Virus that can transfer from bird to human is H5N1. Transmission

Avidin

Acute respiratory distress, coughing, fever, sore throat and sneezing are the major symptoms found in humans caused by bird ﬂu virus. Deaths due to bird ﬂu are mainly because of viral pneumonia and acute respiratory distress.

It binds with Vitamin biotin. Biotin in albumen becomes unavailable due to consumption of raw egg.

Decaying materials, carcass, caned meat product. 8 types of toxins: A,B, C, D, E,F,G. (A,B,E: causing human botulism, C: causing poultry botulism)

Treatment For food borne botulism cleaning of digestive system by vomiting and medication to induce bowl movement. Antitoxin injection reduce 28

Ovomucoid This protein present in albumen of raw egg. It is trypsin inhibitor and cause digestive problem. Flavoprotein Binds with riboﬂavin and consumption of raw egg limit availability of riboﬂavin from albumen. Raw egg consumption also cause thick lining on mucous membrane of gastrointestinal tract especially in stomach which might inhibit secretion of gastric juices. People awareness about poultry borne diseases

Toxins

There may be hemorrhages in the gut, heart and brain.

Conalbumen (Ovotransferin)

Symptoms

Source

Lesion

The proteins obtained from albumen that affect human health are described below: It binds divalent cation iron when raw eggs are consumed. Iron in albumen is not available hence it is not adviced to consume raw egg.

Fig 2: Clostridium botulinum

Paralysis of muscle, death due to respiratory or cardiac failure due to action of lethal neurotoxins.

Raw egg and human health

Directly from infected bird to human. Through droppings, saliva and nasal secretion of the wild or infected migratory birds. Unhygienic open-air markets of poultry eggs and birds.

Treatment: Killed vaccine of bird ﬂu is recommended at the age of 30-32 days. This vaccine is injected intramuscularly.

Symptoms

reduce the chance of zoonosis. High temperature during cooking can reduce chances of bird flu viruses. As a primary treatment a flu drug Tamiflu is recommended.

Fig 3: Bird ﬂu transmission to humans

Prevention and eradication Hygienic measures during working with animals/birds, Wearing of gloves, masks and gum boats, Special care in laboratory, Stopping of eating and drinking while working with b i rd s / a n i m a l s o r i n l a b o r a to r y, elimination of the carrier birds from ﬂocks, Burning or proper disposal of contaminated litter/manure and proper disinfections of the cages/nests are the best preventive measures, which can

We can aware people by adopting food safety practices which will reduce egg and meat borne diseases. Poultry meats and eggs should never be eaten raw or undercooked. Buy eggs only from a refrigerated case. Always remove stufﬁng from meats and poultry egg and store separately .Rinsing raw chicken to get rid of the bacteria just spreads it around more, increasing our risk of getting sick. Hence “Don't Wash Your Chicken” campaign is developed to aware the people. Marinating doesn't kill bacteria, but the left over marinade will contain bacteria. Throw it a w a y. T h e r e m u s t b e n a t i o n a l

POULTRY PLANNER | VOL. 20 | No. 9 | SEPTEMBER - 2018

ARTICLE / EVENT CALENDER programmes for the control and prevention of egg and meat borne diseases. Research based proper vaccine development is required. Va c c i n e e va l u a t i o n a n d q u a l i t y assurance system needs strengthen. There is a need of establishing regional surveillance units/laboratories across the countr y. National reference laborator y for poultr y must be established in each country. Proper checking of poultry and its products also reduce the chances of diseases.

your neighbor’s barking dog, lawn mower or car alarm,”. Conclusion Poultry has a major role to play in developing countries. Produce is relatively inexpensive and widely available. The commercial poultry industry provides employment and is growing rapidly. To produce 1 kg of meat from a commercial broiler chicken only about 1.7 kg of feed is needed. Po u l t r y p r o d u c t i o n h a s a l e s s

Exhibition

Event Calender

ADVERTISE / SUBSCRIBE

NOVEMBER 2018 Event : EuroTier 2018: EuroTier Date : 13-16 November 2018 Venue : Messegelände, 30521 Hannover - Germany Web. : https://en.engormix.com › Poultry Industry

Conclusion Consumption of egg and meat helps in leading a healthy life as these are rich source of many nutritious factors. But consuming infected egg and meat can cause harmful diseases to human beings. Hence there should be proper checking of egg and meat before consuming it. Sanitation and hygienic measures should be practiced. Using management systems which will allow identiﬁcation, monitoring and control of hazards during production,

processing and sale of food will prevent contamination of food. Creating awareness among people will help to prevent the food borne illness and we can live a healthy and prosperous life.

Dr. Prachurya Biswal*, Dr. Arun Somagond, Dr. Seema Yadav, Dr. Vandana Yadav Ph.D Scholars, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly

SIGNIFICANCE OF POULTRY IN HUMAN SOCIETY

Contd of... Page 25

The Ofﬁcial

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detrimental impact on the environment than other livestock, and uses less water. Semi-scavenging backyard indigenous poultry are extremely important in providing income and high-quality protein in the diets of rural people whose traditional foods are typically rich in carbohydrate but low in protein. Chicken meat can make many positive contributions to the diet of those on low incomes. Although not all meat is seen as healthy, chicken meat is,

OCTOBER 2018

Event : Poultry India 2018 Date : 28-30 November 2018 Venue : Hitex Exhibition Complex, Hyderabad, INDIA Ph. : +91 9490612032 E-mail : info@poultryindia.co.in

Dr. Ashish Saini Teaching Associate Department of Livestock Products Technology, Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Jaipur

OCTOBER 2018

Event : Viet stock 2018 Date : 17-19 October 2018 Venue : Saigan Exhibition & Convention Centre (SECC), Ho Chi,Minh City,Vietnam Ph. : +84854012718 E-mail : chau.tran@uhm.com

NOVEMBER 2018

and is frequently more affordable than other meats. It is of a consistently high quality, is low in saturated fats, can be enriched with some essential nutrients and is sought after worldwide.

Event : Poultry Fest Date : 24-26 Oct 2018 Venue : Colvin Taluqdars College ISC Wing, Lucknow Web. : https://10times.com/poultryfest-expo

JANUARY 2019 Event : PDLAX Asia Date : 29 -31 Jan 2019 Venue : Messe Global Exhibition Center, Sector 118, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab 140301 Web. : https://10times.com/pdlaxasia-sahibzada POULTRY PLANNER | VOL. 20 | No. 9 | SEPTEMBER - 2018

EGG PRICES

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Key Initiatives of Indian Herbs to Undertake Novel Research on Herbal Products SHARING GLIMPSES OF RESEARCH IN A TECHNICAL SEMINAR AT KOLKATA, INDIA HERBS. He greeted all the guests.

INDIAN HERBS, the pioneer & global market leader and No.1Company in Herbal Animal Health Care Products Industry since 1951, conducted a Technical Seminar at J.W. Marriott Hotel, Kolkata on its unique range of herbal poultry products on 3rd August, 2018. The aim of the Technical Seminar was to spread the awareness about herbal poultry feed supplements which are the best alternatives of synthetic products and are helpful to reduce the production cost of feed for better proﬁtability. During the seminar, salient novel ﬁndings of research on INDIAN HERBS products based on Nutrigenomics, Transcriptomics, Complete gut Microarray, Gene Ontology of Gut, Metagenomics, Quorum Sensing were shared. The technical seminar was conducted by highly strong marketing and technical team of INDIAN HERBS. Those present on the occasionwere Dr.S us hilAgrawal, Chairm an, S ri GauravAgrawal, Director, Mr.Balaram Bhattacharya, Exec. Vice President (Mktg. & Sales) and Dr.ShiviMaini, DGM (Technical).This Seminar was attended by the elite and important Poultry Farmers, Feed Millers and renowned consultants of West Bengal. The Technical seminar commenced with the welcome address byMr.Balaram Bhattacharya, Executive Vice President (Mktg. & Sales), INDIAN 32

Sri GauravAgrawal, Director had given corporate p re s e n t a t i o n o n I N D I A N HERBS and informed the participants about the activities being undertaken at R&D Centre of INDIAN HERBS for ensuring best quality and result oriented herbal poultry products. He has also appraised the guests about the various achievement of INDIAN HERBS during its long journey since 1951. Today INDIAN HERBS is the leading company of the world which is providing the efficacious herbal products on much economical prices than synthetic products. Dr. SushilAgrawal (Chairman) and Dr. Shivi Maini (DGM, Technical) had givendetailed presentation on the usefulness and efficacy of herbal products for profitable poultry farming. They informed the guests about the unique benefits of herbal products over the synthetic products. They appraisedthat Indian Herbs products

are innovative and science based products, scientifically well testified for their safety, efficacy and mode of action. INDIAN HERBS is the originator of herbal concepts for use in poultry industry. INDIAN HERBSis the first company which has launched alternative of synthetic products in the prominent segments such as Choline, Methionine, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Antimicrobial Growth Promoter, I m m u n e Po t e n t i a t o r, M e t a b o l i c Stimulant, Respiratory Anti-septic, Anti-stress &adaptogen etc. T h e S u c c e s s of I N D I A N H E R B S products' efficacy is strongly supported by its outstanding R&D facilities, approved by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Govt. of India since 1986. Expert personnel coupled with sophisticated equipment provide solution for maintaining and improving our product quality. This has resulted in gaining acknowledgement in the form of ISO 9001:2008 and GMP Plus certification. Products of INDIAN HERBShave undergone extensive, pharmacological, toxicological and clinical investigations. More than 200 scientists have been awarded Masters and Doctorate degree for their research work at Indian Herbs products and over 1000 scientific research papers have been published on these studies in leading scientific journals in India and abroad.

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Looking into the harmful after-effects of synthetic additives & chemicals, the veterinarians, consultants and farmers all over the world are now taking keen interest in the use of herbal feed supplements and health care products and INDIAN HERBSis dedicated to promote the use of natural products for the betterment of animal health and production performance. To achieve this objective, the company has developed a thorough expertise in blending the traditional knowledge of Ayur veda with modern research techniques to deliver completely safe, non-toxic, environment-friendly products to cater to the health and nutritional needs of the animals.

regulating intricate metabolic pathways in the liver was undertaken at University of Georgia, USA. Dr. Shivi Maini, DGM (Technical) gave detailed technical presentation on underlying mechanism of action of BioCholineto potentially regulate key allosteric effectors of

Re c e n t l y, I N D I A N H E R B S h a d collaboration with premier foreign and domestic research institutes and universities of high global ranking for in-depth research on Alternate Choline supplement 'BioCholine' and Natural growth promoter product 'HerBiotic FS'.A research study on BioCholine based on transcriptomics and hepatic mRNA expression of key genes

glucose and lipid metabolism on basis of transcriptomics andto completely replace synthetic choline chloride in feed.

broiler model. The research has been undertaken in collaboration of five premier research institutes in India. Glimpses of salient findings of research on Her BioticFS based on gene ontology of gut, metagenomics and quorum sensing was shared with the attendees of the seminar. Unique features and benefits of other INDIAN HERBS products namely Animunin, ImmuPlus, Herbal C, E-Sel Power were also elaborated during this session. The participants had taken keen interest in the presentation and they appreciated the efforts of company for undertaking in-depth research based on latest techniques of molecular biology and genomics.

Indian Herbs also took key initiatives to conduct complete microarray of gut and metagenome proﬁling of gut for a herbal gut function modulator and natural growth promoter product 'HerBiotic FS' in a Salmonella infected

Mr. S.C. Ghosh Dy. Manager Sales (East Zone) and Mr. Parmartha Roy, Zonal Manager thanked all the participants for their active participation in the seminar. It is high time that the farmers and consultants should support these ecofriendly cost saving natural poultry products for the common objective of proﬁtable poultry farming.

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CHANGE OF GUARD: NEW LEADERSHIP TEAM AT THE HELM AT CLFMA OF INDIA and retailing of meat and ancillary services such as banking. Following Ofﬁce Bearers were elected for the period 2018 – 20. Theother members of the Managing Committee 2018 - 20comprises of: Mr. S. V Bhave, the new Chairman of CLFMA of INDIA, gratefully CLFMA of India is the apex organization and the voice of the country's dynamic livestock sector. The 51-year old industry association is recognized as one among the highly reputed in India. CLFMA OF INDIA is well recognized by livestock farmers, Central and State Governments, government departments, Agricultural Universities, Veterinary Colleges and also National Research Institutes in India as well as outside the country. On 7th September, 2018, CLFMA's 51st Annual General Meeting was held and the new leadership team took charge for the period 2018-20. Speaking on the occasion the outgoing Chairman Mr. B. Soundararajan expressed his appreciations and conveyed best wishes to the new team led by Mr. S. V. Bhave, Managing Director, Berg and Schmidt India Pvt. Ltd, who got elected as the new Chairman. Mr. B. Soundararajan mentioned that CLFMA is well respected and well recognised in the Livestock Industry. CLFMA is the pioneer organization and voice of the sector, which actively works to protect the industry's interest through policy and regulatory advocacy.

Chairman Dy. Chairman Dy. Chairman Secretary Treasurer Immediate Past Chairman

: Mr. S. V. Bhave, Berg and Schmidt India Pvt. Ltd. : Mr. Rajeev S. Murthy,Godrej Agrovet Limited : Mr. Neeraj Kumar Srivastava, Novus Animal Nutrition (India) Pvt. Ltd. : Mr. Divya Kumar Gulati, Nurture Aqua Technology Pvt. Ltd. : Mr. Naveen Pasuparthy, Nanda Feeds Pvt. Ltd. : Mr. B. Soundararajan, Suguna Holdings Private Limited

s e r v e a s t h e 1. Mr. Sujit Komarla : Komarla Feeds : Bhavani Agrovet Pvt. Ltd. C h a i r m a n o f 2. Mr. Vijay Bhandare 3. Mr. Sumit Sureka : Shivshakti Agro (India) Ltd. CLFMA of India for 4. Mr. Anil M : KSE Limited 5. Mr. RamakanthVakula : The Waterbase Ltd. the last two years 6. Mr. Lakshmanan : Shanthi Poultry Farm Pvt. Ltd. : S. A. Pharmachem Pvt. Ltd. during which the 7. Mr. Suresh Deora 8. Dr. Saikat Saha : Evonik India Pvt. Ltd. organization made 9. Dr. Devender Hooda : Huvepharma SEA (Pune) Pvt. Ltd. 10. Dr. Sujit Kulkarni : Biomin India s i g n i ﬁ c a n t 11. Mr. S. Kannan :Suguna Foods Private Limited : Cremach Private Ltd. progress in terms 12. Mr. Nakul Vakil 13. Mr. Abhay Shah :Spectoms Engineering Pvt. Ltd. of 3 I's - “Image, 14. Mr. Nissar Mohammed : Coastal Exports Corporation 15. Dr. Vijay Makhija : DSM Nutritional Products India Pvt. Ltd. Impact & Income”. I 16. Mr. Balaram Bhattacharya : Indian Herbs Specialities Pvt. Ltd. : Niswin Enterprises am sure under the 17. Mr. Ramkutty able stewardship of a visionary leader like Mr. S V Bhave, acknowledged the critical role and CLFMA will continue to grow to newer v a l u a b l e c o n t r i b u t i o n s o f t h e heights. I wish the new Ofﬁce Bearers immediate past chairman, Mr. B. a n d t h e M a n a g i n g C o m m i t t e e Soundararajan and his predecessors Members all the success.” Commented who played the vital role in building the organization all along the past 5 Soundararajan. decades. C L F M A O F I N D I A h a s o ve r 2 3 0 m e m b e r s r e p r e s e n t i n g d i v e r s e “The new team of CLFMA has an apt mix subsectors of animal protein value o f y o u r a n d e x p e r i e n c e d chain including feed manufacturing, professionals.We will strive to uphold p o u l t r y, d a i r y a n d a q u a c u l t u re the reputation and the legacy of CLFMA business, animal nutrition and health, and work committedly towards its veterinary services, machinery and growth in the years to come” concluded equipment, processing, distribution Mr. S V. Bhave.

“It wasmy great pleasure and honour to 36

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HUVEPHARMA ACQUIRES T-HEXX ANIMAL HEALTH & QALIAN, AN INVIVO & MERIEL COMPANY Huvepharma ® , a fast-growing global pharmaceutical company focused on developing, manufacturing, and marketing human and animal health products, announces the acquisition of T-HEXX Animal Health, a division of Hydromer, Inc. and the Animal Health Division of Neovia, from In Vivo Group, a move that will expand the EU focus on livestock animal health products, and includes Qalian France (Segre), Meriel France (hygiene line, St Etienne, France), Qalian Portugal (Lisbon) and Qalian Italy (Carpi) and the branded veterinar y pharmaceuticals (drugs & premix), animal dietetics and hygiene product lines. The T-HEXX lines of products are based upon innovative hydrophilic polymer technologies for animal health, primarily in the dairy and equine markets. T-HEXX Animal Health manufacturers and sells a broad range of products utilizing patented hydrophilic polymer technologies designed for mastitis management in dairy cattle, hoof care, and unique germicidal topical products for horses. They serve customers in the U.S. and internationally. On the T-HEXX acquisition, Mr. Glen Wilkinson, President of Huvepharma U.S. remarked “The purchase of T-HEXX Animal Health supports Huvepharma's vision for growth and development. T-HEXX has created great products for the dairy and equine markets and we are thrilled to add these unique product lines to our portfolio.” “Huvepharma will immediately assume marketing and sales of T-HEXX brands to our current customers while utilizing the sales and marketing strengths of AgriLabs. This timely purchase appropriately follows the recent announcement of a new dairy cattle vaccine – KLEBVax SRP”, added Mr. Wilkinson. 37

On the Qalian acquisition, Dr. Christian Ve r v a e t ( D V M ) , E U S a l e s D i r e c t o r Huvepharma said “We're very excited about this addition to our EU animal health business”. “ This acquisition fur thers Huvepharma's strategy in creating a balanced por tfolio of animal health products and enhancing our presence in Europe and our international markets. We will be in a better position to serve our customers with an extended high quality product range, the Qalian team and the complementar y production facilities. Huvepharma and Qalian are strong, complementary businesses focused on providing real solutions for animal health,” Dr. Vervaet added. Mr. Alex Klein (DVM), General Manager Qalian France said “We're pleased to join Huvepharma's internationally recognized animal health company. This move will provide us with resources to quickly bring new solutions to veterinarians and producers. It will also allow us to accelerate the international development of our ranges of products”. Huvepharma SEA (Pune) Pvt. Ltd.'s Managing Director, Mr. O.P. Singh expressed his excitement and appreciation of the acquisitions. In his words “Huvepharma Group's dedication to the animal health industry ﬁnds its expression time and again through their commitment to expansion, upgrade and increased investments in acquiring specialized products and companies. This dedication is the cornerstone of quality deliverables and makes the Group reliable and lasting. Huvepharma SEA is pleased to be a part of such an organization and we, as always, look for ward to our contribution in strengthening the bond with our esteemed customers & stakeholders through the wide range of products and services with the highest degree of technological innovations and scientiﬁc platforms.”

About Huvepharma®: Huvepharma is a privately-owned company, headquartered in Soﬁa, Bulgaria. Huvepharma's animal activities are focused on livestock animals. Huvepharma differentiates by producing inhouse the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients that compose more than 80% of its range offering an optimal control on product quality. About AgriLabs: AgriLabs®, a member of the Huvepharma® group of companies, is a leader in biological innovation for animal health in the United States. Through a product range that includes licensed and custom vaccines, proprietary DNA platform and adjuvant technologies, and other leading brands, AgriLabs is improving animal health, nutrition and productivity. For more information, visit agrilabs.com. About Hydromer Inc.: Hydromer is an innovative, certiﬁed polymer development company engaged in the business of listening to the voices of our clients, focusing on their goals by inventing, developing, patenting, licensing, manufacturing polymer-based products and services. We serve the medical device, pharmaceutical, animal health, biotechnology, industrial, cosmetic, and personal care markets. About Qalian & Meriel: Qalian & Meriel represent the Animal Health division of Neovia (nutrition & animal health subsidiary of InVivo Group). Qalian's activities are focused on livestock animals. Qalian is a leading player in France and abroad, providing customers with veterinary drugs, medicated premix, animal dietetics and hygiene solutions.

POULTRY PLANNER | VOL. 20 | No. 9 | SEPTEMBER - 2018

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NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN GURGAON: US PLANS DEBATE FOR ANIMAL CELL CULTURE POULTRY FARMS TO BE INSPECTED TECHNOLOGY TO DEVELOP

fter 23 peacocks died in the last one month following an outbreak of Newcastle disease in Gurgaon district, forest department ofﬁcials said the Department of Animal Husbandry has been asked to inspect all poultry farms to ascertain if they are infected, and quarantine them if required.It has also been asked to initiate a vaccination drive among poultry to prevent the spread of the disease, the ofﬁcials added. The disease is a kind of airborne virus that is spread through poultry… It is not fatal but if medication is not administered on time, there is a threat to the lives of birds, said Vinod Kumar,

Conser vator of Forest. For ty birds are being treated at a centre in Bhondsi. To p ro te c t t h e peacocks, we have started spraying antiviral medicine in areas that are frequented by the birds. Also, 80,000 doses of the vaccine have been provided to poultry farms and backyard poultry, which will be administered orally,” said veterinary surgeon Dr Ashok Khasa. He added that 22 peacock deaths were reported in Faridabad and Palwal over the last few weeks. According to ofﬁcials, residents alerted them about the dead birds in May many of which appeared to have twisted their legs and fallen off trees, or twisted their heads or necks. Ofﬁcials maintained that the virus poses no threat to people.

PRODUCTS DERIVED FROM LIVESTOCK & POULTRY

1 Sep 2018 --- A joint public meeting to discuss the use of cell culture technology to develop products derived from livestock and poultry is to be hosted by the US government ofﬁcials in the fall. Hosted by the USDA's Food Safety and Inspection Service and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), it will focus on the potential hazards, oversight considerations, and labeling of cell cultured food products derived from livestock and poultry. This is an important opportunity to hear from the agricultural industry and consumers as we consider the regulator y framework for these new products,” says US Secretary of Agriculture, Sonny Perdue. American farmers and ranchers feed the world, but as technology advances, we must consider how to inspect and regulate to ensure food safety, regardless of the production method. He FDA knows just how vital it is to ensure the safety of our nation's food supply and the critical role science-based, modern regulator y frameworks are to fostering innovation. Recent advances in animal cell cultured food products present many important and timely technical and regulatory considerations for the FDA and our partners at USDA,adds FDA Commissioner, Scott Gottlieb. “We look forward to the opportunity to hold a meeting with our USDA colleagues as part of an open public dialogue regarding these products. The ﬁrst day of the meeting will focus primarily on the potential hazards that need to be controlled for the safe production of animal cell cultured food products and oversight considerations by regulatory agencies. The second day of the meeting will focus on labeling considerations. he joint public meeting, hosted by the USDA's Food Safety and Inspection Service and the FDA, will focus on the potential hazards, oversight considerations, and labeling of cell cultured food products derived from livestock and poultr y. Representatives of industr y, consumer groups and other stakeholders are invited to participate in the meetings which are scheduled for October 23 and 24.

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A L E RT I S S U E D O V E R DISEASE X: CHINA IGNORES UK REQUEST TO POTENTIAL SALMONELLA SHARE SAMPLES OF FLU VIRUS WITH PANDEMIC I N K O S H E R C H I C K E N POTENTIAL equests by UK experts to Chinese researchers to request samples of the PRODUCTS

he alert concerns Empire Kosher Poultry raw whole chicken and raw chicken parts, which were produced and sold to consumers from September 2017 to June 2018. The alert affects the northeastern and mid-Atlantic states. The Empire Kosher brand raw chicken items, which may include raw whole chicken, raw chicken parts, were produced and sold to consumers from September 2017 to June 2018. The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service was notiﬁed of multiple Salmonella illnesses and there is a potential link between the Empire Kosher products and the illness cluster. Multiple case-patients reported consumption of the Empire Kosher brand chicken products. Consumers who have purchased these products are urged to properly handle, prepare, and cook these raw chicken products.

authorities for samples of the latest strain of a dangerous and evolving avian inﬂuenza virus, known as H7N9 have so far been ignored, the Telegraph has learned, The news comes on the back of revelations earlier this week by the United States’ government that China has, for over a year, refused its requests to share lab samples of the same strain of avian inﬂuenza virus. To date there have been 1,625 cases of H7N9 – a virus which usually circulates in poultry – in humans including a spike in cases in 2017, which prompted US

virus from Chinese authorities. Under World Health Organization (WHO) rules, countries are required to share ﬂu viruses that have the potential to cause pandemics to help other nations prepare in the case of a global outbreak. The sharing of viruses comes under the remit of various government agencies with health considerations sometimes pitted against competing interests such as concerns over bio-security and commercial interests in developing treatments.

DISEASE X' | THE MYSTERY KILLER KEEPING SCIENTISTS AWAKE AT NIGHT

WHO committee of leading virologists, bacteriologists and infectious disease experts has identiﬁed a new global threat. 'Disease X' joins the ranks of Ebola, Zika, and SARS with its potential for epidemics or pandemics, a leading UK exper t conﬁrmed that China had - in 2013 and 2016 - shared early forms of the H7N9 virus with international par tners i n c l u d i n g t h e U K . H o w e v e r, a subsequent UK request for an alternative version of the virus made over a year ago “for safety considerations” has not been met. China has given no reason for its failure

to deliver the samples here or in America and experts are unsure of its motivations, sharing viruses allows c o u n t r i e s t o d e v e l o p va c c i n e s , diagnostic tests and treatments. It is not known if the last H7N9 sample shared by China in 2016 is up to date enough to develop a vaccine against the newer forms of the virus should the need to develop and roll out a vaccine arise.

KFC'S ISRAEL COMEBACK: WILL THE COLONEL'S CHICKEN FLY THIS TIME?

e p r e s e n t a t i v e s of t h e c h a i n belonging to the Yum restaurant group have met in Israel with several potential franchisees and real estate agents while launching negotiations with poultry suppliers, the Hebrew-language business daily Calculus reported. A delegation of 10 KFC representatives was in Israel last week, according to the report. KFC plans to open 100 branches in Israel 39

within ﬁve years of its return, the Calculus reported. Israel Haymow reported that KFC said in a statement this week: “We are very optimistic about the Israeli market and we strongly believe in the success of the network here. We are now in the process of planning the re-launch in Israel. We can give further details later, No date has been announced for a KFC prelaunch, KFC ﬁrst opened in Israel in 1993 and

lasted until 2013, with up to 10 locations during that time, while the franchise changed hands twice. There are 700 KFC outlets, all halal certiﬁed, in Arab countries including the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Iraq and Saudi Arabia. There also are outlets in four cities in the Palestinian Authority in the West Bank.

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SCANDI STANDARD SHUTS POULTRY SLAUGHTERING PLANT IN SWEDEN

uropean meat group Scandia Standard said in its latest earnings release that it shut a poultr y slaughtering facility in Åsljunga, Sweden, as part of its strategy to restructure production of "specialty birds, The closure during the secondquarter reporting period will have a positive impact on earnings in 2019, the Nordic poultry ﬁrm said in a statement. Scandia said the restructuring resulted

in a charge of SEK22m (US$2.4m) lodged against its operating income, Stockholm-based Scandia’s secondquarter net sales climbed 39% to SEK2.25bn led by its acquisition of Ireland's largest chicken processor Manor Farm, which it bought in 2017 for EUR94m (US$105.2m) at the time. Net sales rose 4% in Sweden, 10% in Denmark, 5% in Norway and 31% in Finland, Adjusted EBITDA was up 28% at S EK1 5 9 m , whi l e i ts adj us te d operating income increased 29% to SEK90m, resulting in a second-quarter margin of 4%.Net income was flat from the year-earlier quarter at SEK33m,Scandi's operating results were plagued last year by the bird-flu outbreak, which continued to have an impact on its recent figures, with trade restrictions having a negative effect of SEK6m on its adjusted operating

income during the second quarter. However, chief executive Leif Bergville Hansen said "we expect the outbreak of bird ﬂu to have no further negative impact going forward Still, Scandia said all trade restrictions due to bird ﬂu had now been lifted. The restrictions were imposed in November 2016 following its detection in Denmark, Sweden and Finland and other countries. Meanwhile, Scandia said the recent warm weather in Europe has affected grain harvests and therefore expects prices at its feed suppliers to increase in the "coming quarters". The company plans to recover those costs by raising its own prices, it said.

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POULTRY FARMERS CRY FOUL S ince February, Deepak Pawale, who runs a poultry farm at Retavadi village in Khed taluka of Pune district, has been selling 45-day-old birds weighing 2-2.5 kg each at well below his estimated production cost of Rs 70 per kg, The traders aren't ready to pay higher rates, as they tell me that their sales have slowed down,” says this 38year-old, who has been in the business — of p ro c u r i n g d a y - o l d c h i c k s (weighing roughly 40 grams) from hatcheries and rearing them for sale as young meat-yielding broilers — since 2010. Pawale, who sells around 15,000 birds per month, claims to have made a loss of Rs 4 lakh in March alone, that's not surprising, given that broiler realisations averaged below Rs 54 per kg in March — the lowest for this month in recent times (see box). “If the rates remain at these levels, I will have to shut my farm. When my production costs have gone up from Rs 55-60 to Rs 70 per kg in the last two years, but realizations are falling, how can I sustain this business?” Pawale asks. For poultry farmers like him, March is normally synonymous with high prices, compensating for lower realisations in other months. Demand for meat generally goes down during summer

months, but prices improve because the birds take longer to gain the requisite weight for being “placed” (sold) in the market. “I place about 1015 per cent less birds in March-May, but my realisations are about Rs 20/kg higher than for the other months,” explains Pawale. Prasanna Pedgaonkar, deputy general manager of the Punebased Venkateshwara Hatcheries Private Limited that markets poultry products under the brand name of Venky's, attributes the low broiler rates to dip in consumption. “This time, the onset of summer has occurred earlier. That could be one of the factors behind consumption falling,” he notes. A city like Pune alone normally reports chicken meat consumption of 1-1.5 lakh kg per day, while that ﬁgure for Mumbai is around 10 lakh kg. An estimated three crore birds are placed in an average month in the whole of Maharashtra. However, Rohit Pawar, chief executive ofﬁcer of Baramati Agro Ltd, believes that the reasons for the dip in consumption go beyond seasonal factors. “There is a general economic slowdown that is clearly leading to lower consumption of non-vegetarian food. This is especially so with chicken, which is eaten by many, including those

who are vegetarian in the normal course. But when the economy is not doing too well as incomes aren't growing, these sections would be less inclined to consume the meat,” observes Pawar. His company places about 325 lakh birds annually, much of it by aggregating from contract broiler farmers who are supplied day-oldchicks along with nutritional feed, medicines and vaccines. Pawar's views are echoed by Ganesh Shetty, president of the Pune Restaurant and Hoteliers Association. According to him, there is a 20 per cent drop in eating out, which is a result of the 5 per cent Goods and Services Tax levy on restaurants and overall weak consumer sentiment from stagnating incomes. Pune alone has over 1,000 non-vegetarian restaurants that consume 60,000-70,000 kg of chicken daily. In Mumbai, A and B grade hotels alone are reckoned to account for over a tenth of the city's 10 lakh kg daily poultry meat consumption.

The Pioneer & Market Leader in Herbal Animal Health Care Products Industry invites applications for the following posts: BUSINESS HEAD - POULTRY DIV. (SOUTH ZONE): The Candidates should be Graduate (Preferably Science) / MBA having experience of about 6-8 years in selling of Poultry Feed Supplement / Medicaments, out of which 2-3 years on similar position in a reputed company covering Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka & Tamil Nadu. He should have good contacts with custmoers & consultants. POULTRY SALES EXECUTIVES FOR BREEDERS/LAYER/BROILER H. QTRS. IN HYDRABAD: The Candidate should be Graduate (Preferably Science) having experience of about 3-5 years in selling Poultry Feed Supplement / Medicaments. Emoluments (Salary and Incentives) shall be highly attractive and shall commensurate with the best in the industry. Send detailed resume at:-

POULTRY PLANNER | VOL. 20 | No. 9 | SEPTEMBER - 2018

RECIPE / SUBSCRIPTION

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Chicken Breasts with Herb Basting Sauce Ingredients Ÿ

3 table spoons olive oil

1⁄2 tea spoon salt

1⁄4 tea spoon dried marjoram

1 table spoon minced onion

1⁄2 tea spoon ground black pepper

1⁄8 tea spoon hot pepper sauce

1 clove crushed garlic

1⁄2 tea spoon dried rosemary, crushed

1 tea spoon dried thyme

1⁄4 tea spoon ground sage

Directions Make basting sauce by combining olive oil, grated onion, garlic, salt and pepper, herbs, and hot pepper sauce,Turn chicken breasts in sauce to coat thoroughly,Place skin side up in a shallow baking dishCover,Roast at 425 degrees, basting occasionally with pan drippings for about 35-45 minutes,Remove to warm platter, spoon pan juices over, and sprinkle with fresh parsley.

(Life Time Period 10 Years)

Payment Details:

Contact Name : __________________________________________________________________ Company Name : ________________________________________________________________ Postal Address : __________________________________________________________________ City : ___________________ State : ____________________ Mob. No.____________________ Postal Code : ____________________ Country : ______________________________________

Send DD or Cheque in favour of Pixie Consulting solutions Ltd. payable at Karnal Address: C/o OmAng Hotel, Namaste Chowk, Near Janta Petrol Pump, KARNAL - 132001 (Haryana) INDIA or Transfer money to HDFC Bank Bank address: Opp. Mahavir Dal Hospital Account Type: Current Account Name: Pixie Consulting Solutions Limited Account Number: 01958730000179 IFSC Code: HDFC0000195 | Swift Code: HDFCINBB | PAN No. AAECP6186B

Pixie Consulting Solutions Ltd. C/o OmAng Hotel, Namaste Chowk, Near Janta Petrol Pump, KARNAL - 132001 (Haryana) INDIA Email : poultry.pcsl@gmail.com | info@pixie.co.in Website : www.pixie.co.in

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