History of Architecture 1 A R 2 3 1 Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport College of Engineering & Technology Architectural Engineering and Environmental Design Department
Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed
L e c t u r e 1
History of Architecture I
HISTORY of ARCHITECTURE INTRODUCTION
History of
Architecture 1 - AR 231 – Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed
HISTORY of ARCHITECTURE INTRODUCTION
History of
Architecture 1 - AR 231 – Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed
HISTORY of ARCHITECTURE INTRODUCTION NEED FOR LEARNING HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
• We need to learn History so that we can project thoughts in the future.
The study of History would help the architect of tomorrow to foresee the future in wider sense.
Enjoy the beauty of historic buildings
History of
Architecture 1 - AR 231 – Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed
HISTORY of ARCHITECTURE INTRODUCTION NEED FOR LEARNING HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
Petronas Twin Towers History of
Architecture 1 - AR 231 – Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed
HISTORY of ARCHITECTURE INTRODUCTION NEED FOR LEARNING HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
The Reichstag building with its glass dome. History of
Architecture 1 - AR 231 – Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed
HISTORY of ARCHITECTURE INTRODUCTION NEED FOR LEARNING HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
HISTORY of ARCHITECTURE INTRODUCTION NEED FOR LEARNING HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
Façade cathedral Florence History of
Architecture 1 - AR 231 – Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed
HISTORY of ARCHITECTURE INTRODUCTION
ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER
الطابع المعماري
History of
Architecture 1 - AR 231 – Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed
GREEK ARCHITECTURE INFLUENCES
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العوامل التي ساعدت على تكوين الحضارة والفن في تلك المنطقة Architecture as a product of Culture, History, Science, Technology, Economics, Society, Religion, and State
A R C H I T E C T U R E History of
INFLUENCES Natural influences
Geographical Geological Climate
Manmade influences
Religion Social and Political Historical
Architecture 1 - AR 231 – Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed
GREEK ARCHITECTURE
GREEK ARCHITECTURE
Homers
Locations of the Iliad and Odyssey
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GREEK ARCHITECTURE INFLUENCES
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العوامل التي ساعدت على تكوين الحضارة والفن في تلك المنطقة
Geographical Geological Climate Religion Historical
GREEK ARCHITECTURE INFLUENCES
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العوامل التي ساعدت على تكوين الحضارة والفن في تلك المنطقة
Geographical Geological Climate Religion Historical
GREEK ARCHITECTURE INFLUENCES
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العوامل التي ساعدت على تكوين الحضارة والفن في تلك المنطقة
Geographical
Geological Climate Religion Historical
The mainland and islands of Greece are rocky, with deeply indented coastline, and rugged mountain ranges with few substantial forests. The most freely available building material is stone. Limestone was readily available and easily worked. There is an abundance of high quality white marble both on the mainland and islands, particularly Paros and Naxos. This finely grained material was a major contributing factor to precision of detail, both architectural and sculptural, that adorned Ancient Greek architecture. Deposits of high quality potter's clay were found throughout Greece and the Islands, with major deposits near Athens. It was used not only for pottery vessels, but also roof tiles and architectural decoration
GREEK ARCHITECTURE INFLUENCES
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العوامل التي ساعدت على تكوين الحضارة والفن في تلك المنطقة
Geographical Geological
Climate Religion Historical
The climate of Greece is maritime, with both the coldness of winter and the heat of summer tempered by sea breezes. This led to a lifestyle where many activities took place outdoors. Hence temples were placed on hilltops, their exteriors designed as a visual focus of gatherings and processions, while theatres were often an enhancement of a naturally occurring sloping site where people could sit, rather than a containing structure. Colonnades encircling buildings, or surrounding courtyards provided shelter from the sun and from sudden winter storms
GREEK ARCHITECTURE INFLUENCES
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العوامل التي ساعدت على تكوين الحضارة والفن في تلك المنطقة
Geographical Geological Climate
Religion
The religion of Ancient Greece was a form of nature worship that grew out of the beliefs of earlier cultures. However, unlike earlier cultures, man was no longer perceived as being threatened by nature, but as its sublime product. The natural elements were personified as gods of completely human form, and very human behavior.
Social and Political Historical
Zeus' temple in Olimpia, frontone west, Apollo
Zeus
Athena Parthenos
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GREEK ARCHITECTURE
العوامل التي ساعدت على تكوين الحضارة والفن في تلك المنطقة
INFLUENCES
GREEK ARCHITECTURE INFLUENCES
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العوامل التي ساعدت على تكوين الحضارة والفن في تلك المنطقة
Geographical Geological Climate Religion
Historical
History of
Architecture 1 - AR 231 – Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed
GREEK ARCHITECTURE INFLUENCES
ا ل ح ض ا ر ة ا إل غ ر ي ق ي ة ا ل ق د ي م ة
العوامل التي ساعدت على تكوين الحضارة والفن في تلك المنطقة
Geographical Geological Climate Religion
Historical
History of
Historians divide Ancient Greek civilization into two eras, the Hellenic period (from around 900 BC to the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC), and the Hellenistic period (323 BC to 30 AD).[7] During the earlier (Hellenic) period, substantial works of architecture began to appear (around 600 BC). During the later (Hellenistic) period, Greek culture spread widely, initially as a result of Alexander's conquest of other lands, and later as a result of the rise of the Roman Empire, which adopted much of Greek culture.
Before the Hellenic era, two major cultures had dominated the region: the Minoan (c. 2800–1100 BC), and the Mycenaean (c.1500–1100 BC). Minoan is the name given by modern historians to the culture of the people of ancient Crete, known for its elaborate and richly decorated palaces, and for its pottery painted with floral and marine motifs. The Mycenaean culture, which flourished on the Peloponnesus, was quite different in character. Its people built citadels, fortifications and tombs rather than palaces, and decorated their pottery with bands of marching soldiers rather than octopus and seaweed. Both these civilizations came to an end around 1100 BC, that of Crete possibly because of volcanic devastation, and that of Mycenae because of an invasion by the Dorian people who lived on the Greek mainland.[9] Following these events, there was a period from which few signs of culture remain. This period is thus often referred to as a Dark Age.
Architecture 1 - AR 231 – Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed
GREEK ARCHITECTURE INFLUENCES
ا ل ح ض ا ر ة ا إل غ ر ي ق ي ة ا ل ق د ي م ة
العوامل التي ساعدت على تكوين الحضارة والفن في تلك المنطقة
Geographical Geological Climate Religion
Historical
G R E E K C I V I L I Z AT I O N S GREEK BRONZE AGE
ANCIENT GREECE Archaic Architecture Hellenic (Classical Architecture) Hellenistic Architecture
Aegean civilizations Minoan civilization Mycenaean civilization 2000 – 1400 BC
1400– 1200 BC
History of
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800– 500 BC
500 – 330 BC
Architecture 1 - AR 231 – Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed
330 – 27 BC
GREEK ARCHITECTURE
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AEGEAN ARCHITECTURE
AEGEAN CIVILIZATION
THE MYTH OF
THE AEGEAN SEA
Map of Greece and Greek Islands of the Aegean Sea History of
Architecture 1 - AR 231 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed
GREEK ARCHITECTURE AEGEAN ARCHITECTURE
AEGEAN CIVILIZATION Once upon a time, at the height of the Bronze Age, three successful civilization arose in what is today southern Greece.
Knossos palace
Lion gate
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GREEK ARCHITECTURE
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AEGEAN ARCHITECTURE
Who found these?
History of
Architecture 1 - AR 231 –
Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed
History of
Architecture 1 - AR 231 – Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed
GREEK ARCHITECTURE
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AEGEAN ARCHITECTURE
Architectural Character
GREEK ARCHITECTURE
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AEGEAN ARCHITECTURE
Minoan (Island of Crete)
History of
Mycenaean(Greece)
Architecture 1 - AR 231 – Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed
GREEK ARCHITECTURE
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AEGEAN ARCHITECTURE -
Minoan (Island of Crete)
Mycenaean(Greece)
Knossos Palace - Palace of King Minos Description Location Timeline Brief Note
History of
Architecture 1 - AR 231 – Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed
GREEK ARCHITECTURE
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AEGEAN ARCHITECTURE -
Minoan (Island of Crete)
Mycenaean(Greece)
Knossos Palace - Palace of King Minos Description Location
Knossos - Island of Crete
Timeline
1700 -1400 BCE
History of
Architecture 1 - AR 231 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
Restored interior view of the Hall of the Double Axes
GREEK ARCHITECTURE
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AEGEAN ARCHITECTURE -
Minoan (Island of Crete)
Mycenaean(Greece)
Knossos Palace Palace - PalaceofofKing KingMinos Minos
Reconstruction of the Queen's Hall
History of
Architecture 1 - AR 231 – Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
Interior of the Throne Room from the Antechamber
Reconstruction of the Throne Room
History of architecture I Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed