Lecture 7

History of Architecture 2 A R 2 3 2 Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport College of Engineering & Technology Architectural Engineering and Environmental Design Department

H i s t o r y o f A r c h i t e c t u r e IV Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed Arch. Mona Sengaba

L e c t u r e 7

FRENCH RENAISSANCE

FRENCH RENAISSANCE I N T R O D U C T I O N - Development in France– influences Architecture as a product of Culture, History, Science, Technology, Economics, Society, Religion, and State

A R C H I T E C T U R E History of

INFLUENCES Natural influences

Geographical

Geological Climate

Manmade influences

Religion Social and Political Historical

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi

FRENCH RENAISSANCE I N T R O D U C T I O N - Development in France– influences

INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES

Geographical France had now more clearly defined boundaries, which Geological

hereafter, in spite of the conquests of Louis XIV. And Napoleon, were not permanently extended.

Climate Religion Social and Political Historical

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi

FRENCH RENAISSANCE I N T R O D U C T I O N - Development in France– influences

INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES

Geographical

Geological Climate

Paris is built so to speak, in a quarry of a fine- grained building stone, and is a stone city, as London is a brick city.

Religion Social and Political Historical

Château de Maisons History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi

FRENCH RENAISSANCE I N T R O D U C T I O N - Development in France– influences

INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES

Geographical

Geological

Climate Religion Social and Political Historical

History of

As referred before

The reformation maintained practically no hold in France, the old order remaining until the end of the eighteenth century. As, moreover, the supply of churches erected during the mediaeval period proved adequate, it was the domestic work which took the lead in this period. Thus the Louis XIV. Style, which had an universal influence upon interiors, and furniture, had little effect upon churches, the Jesuit style prevailing in those built during this period.

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi

FRENCH RENAISSANCE I N T R O D U C T I O N - Development in France– influences

INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES

Geographical

Geological Climate Religion

Social and Political Historical

History of

Paris at this time was the capital of a compact and rapidly consolidating kingdom, and from Paris emanated any movement, not only in architecture, but also in science and literature. The number of chateaux erected during the early periods of the Renaissance in France was due to many social causes.

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi

FRENCH RENAISSANCE INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES I N T R O D U C T I O N - Development in France– influences The English were driven from France in 1543, and the Geographical accession of Louis XI. In A.D. 1461 practically led to the Duke of Burgundy. During the first half of the sixteenth Geological century Italy became the battlefield of Europe.

Climate Religion Social and Political

Historical

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi

FRENCH RENAISSANCE I N T R O D U C T I O N - Architectural Character

INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES

Historians often divide the Renaissance in France into three phases and often use the following designations: • Early Renaissance ( 1461 –1589); (Sixteenth century) ( Gothic & Renaissance)  The Classical Period (1589– 1715) (seventeenth century)

comprising the reigns of: — Louis XI. 1461-1483, Charles VIII. 14831498, Louis XII. 1498-1515, Francis I. 1515-1547. Henri II. 1547-1559, Francis II. 1559-1560, Charles IX. 1560-1574, and Henri III. 1574-1589.

comprising the reigns of: — Henri IV. 1589-1610 (introduced classic type), Louis XIII. 1610-1643, and Louis XIV. 1643-1715.

( High Renaissance)

 The Rococo Period ( 1715 - 1793) (Eighteenth century)

comprising the reigns of: Louis XV. 1715-1774, and Louis XVI. 1774-1793. .

( Late Renaissance) History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi

FRENCH RENAISSANCE I N T R O D U C T I O N - Architectural Character

INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES

Comparison between French and Italian Renaissance  ITALY

 FRANCE

 A direct return to Classic forms occurred.

 A period of transition in which Renaissance details were grafted on to gothic forms.

 Principal Buildings erected in towns, as Florence, Rome and Vince, being palaces for Kings, dukes and wealthy and powerful popes.

 Principal Buildings erected in country, mostly on the banks of the Loire, being palaces built for royalty and nobility, as Chambord.

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba

FRENCH RENAISSANCE I N T R O D U C T I O N - Architectural Character

INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES

Comparison between French and Italian Renaissance  ITALY

 FRANCE

 A direct return to Classic forms occurred.

 A period of transition in which Renaissance details were grafted on to gothic forms.

 Principal Buildings erected in towns, as Florence, Rome and Vince, being palaces for Kings, dukes and wealthy and powerful popes.

 Principal Buildings erected in country, mostly on the banks of the Loire, being palaces built for royalty and nobility, as Chambord.

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba

FRENCH RENAISSANCE I N T R O D U C T I O N - Architectural Character

INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES

Comparison between French and Italian Renaissance  ITALY

 FRANCE

 Severe Classic disposition not only appropriate but necessary in the narrow streets of Florence and Rome, or on the street water ways of Venice.

 The picturesque disposition of gothic origin, more in Keeping with the country surroundings, where the chief buildings were erected.

 Influence of ancient Rome and her buildings apparent in greater purity of sculptured detail, and in ornamental features.

 Influence of Rome less apparent, partly because of distance from the headquarters of the Renaissance movement.

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba

FRENCH RENAISSANCE I N T R O D U C T I O N - Architectural Character

INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES

Comparison between French and Italian Renaissance  ITALY

 FRANCE

 Severe Classic disposition not only appropriate but necessary in the narrow streets of Florence and Rome, or on the street water ways of Venice.

 The picturesque disposition of gothic origin, more in Keeping with the country surroundings, where the chief buildings were erected.

 Influence of ancient Rome and her buildings apparent in greater purity of sculptured detail, and in ornamental features.

 Influence of Rome less apparent, partly because of distance from the headquarters of the Renaissance movement.

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba

FRENCH RENAISSANCE I N T R O D U C T I O N - Architectural Character

INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES

Comparison between French and Italian Renaissance  ITALY

 FRANCE

 A city palaces as in Florence, Vince or Rome is principally seen from the street, and the architectural features were often only applied to the front façade.

 Country Chateau is seen on all sides, and the importance of a picturesque grouping from every point of view. Was sought for in these buildings, so that every façade was of importance.

 Predominant characteristics are stateliness and a tendency to Classical horizontality.

 Predominant characteristics are picturesqueness and a tendency to Gothic verticality.

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba

FRENCH RENAISSANCE I N T R O D U C T I O N - Architectural Character

INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES

Comparison between French and Italian Renaissance  ITALY

 FRANCE

 A city palaces as in Florence, Vince or Rome is principally seen from the street, and the architectural features were often only applied to the front façade.

 Country Chateau is seen on all sides, and the importance of a picturesque grouping from every point of view. Was sought for in these buildings, so that every façade was of importance.

 Predominant characteristics are stateliness and a tendency to Classical horizontality.

 Predominant characteristics are picturesqueness and a tendency to Gothic verticality.

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba

FRENCH RENAISSANCE I N T R O D U C T I O N - Architectural Character

INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES

Comparison between French and Italian Renaissance  ITALY

 The country houses of the nobles in the Venetian territory, in the style of Palladio, are symmetrical and stately, with no traces of Gothic influence.

History of

 FRANCE

 The chateaux on the Loire are irregular Gothic castles, with a coating of Renaissance detail over features essentially.

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba

Early Renaissance

FRENCH RENAISSANCE

CORTONE (1596 -1669)

Pierre de Cortone History of

Chateau Chambord

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba

Early Renaissance

FRENCH RENAISSANCE

Examples

INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES

Architect: CORTONE, Pierre Nepveu

Château Chambord Description

Represented in a wooden model, survived into the seventeenth century but responsibility for the design is also given to Leonardo da Vinci, and the actual construction, was under the on-site supervision of Pierre Nepveu.

Location Chambord, France Timeline 1519 – 1547 Is one of the most recognizable châteaux in the world because of its very distinctive

Brief French Renaissance architecture.

Note

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba

Early Renaissance Examples

FRENCH RENAISSANCE INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES

Architect: CORTONE, Pierre Nepveu

Château Chambord Description

Represented in a wooden model, survived into the seventeenth century but responsibility for the design is also given to Leonardo da Vinci, and the actual construction, was under the on-site supervision of Pierre Nepveu.

Location Chambord, France Timeline 1519 – 1547 Brief

The château features 440 rooms, 282 fireplaces, and 84 staircases. Four rectangular vaulted hallways on each floor form a cross-shape.

Note

Plan of the château History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba

Early Renaissance Examples

FRENCH RENAISSANCE INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES

Château Chambord

Architect: CORTONE, Pierre Nepveu

it shows eleven kinds of towers and three types of chimneys, without symmetry, framed at the corners by the massive towers

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba

Early Renaissance

FRENCH RENAISSANCE

Examples

INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES

Architect: CORTONE, Pierre Nepveu

Château Chambord One of the architectural highlights is the spectacular double helix open staircase that is the centerpiece of

the château. The two helices ascend the three floors without ever meeting, illuminated from above by a sort of light house at the highest point of the château.

The staircase tower

The double staircase

The staircase Tower History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba

Early Renaissance Examples

FRENCH RENAISSANCE INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES

Château Chambord

Architect: CORTONE, Pierre Nepveu

One of the architectural highlights is the spectacular double helix open staircase that is the centerpiece of

the château. The two helices ascend the three floors without ever meeting, illuminated from above by a sort of light house at the highest point of the château.

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba

F Rl aE sNs Ci cH RReEnNaAi sI Ss Sa A C nN c eC E Examples

FRENCH RENAISSANCE INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES

Architect: Pierre Lescot

The Louvre, Paris Description

This may be taken as the most important building in the style, and its construction lasted from the time of Francis I. to Louis XIV.

Location Paris, France Timeline 1540 – 1857 Brief

The building exhibiting in consequence a complete history of the progressive stage of the French Renaissance style.

Note

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba

F Rl aE sNs Ci cH RReEnNaAi sI Ss Sa A C nN c eC E Examples

FRENCH RENAISSANCE INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES

The Louvre, Paris

Architect: Pierre Lescot

The museum is housed in the Louvre Palace, originally built as a fortress in the late 12th century under Philip II. Remnants of the fortress are visible in the basement of the museum. The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. In 1692, the building was occupied by the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres and the Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, which in 1699 held the first of a series of salons. The Académie remained at the Louvre for 100 years. During the French Revolution, the National Assembly decreed that the Louvre should be used as a museum to display the nation's masterpieces.

The Louvre in the year 1190 A.D. A fortress against the Vikings.

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba

F Rl aE sNs Ci cH RReEnNaAi sI Ss Sa A C nN c eC E Examples

FRENCH RENAISSANCE INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES

The Louvre, Paris

Architect: Pierre Lescot

The general design of the Louvre was originally intended to cover the ground of the fortified Gothic palace which replaced.

The present design consists of two stories and an attic arranged round a courtyard, 400 feet square.

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba

F Rl aE sNs Ci cH RReEnNaAi sI Ss Sa A C nN c eC E Examples

FRENCH RENAISSANCE INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES

The Louvre, Paris

Architect: Pierre Lescot

The general design of the Louvre was originally intended to cover the ground of the fortified Gothic palace which replaced.

The present design consists of two stories and an attic arranged round a courtyard, 400 feet square.

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba

F Rl aE sNs Ci cH RReEnNaAi sI Ss Sa A C nN c eC E

FRENCH RENAISSANCE

Examples

INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES

The Louvre, Paris

History of the Louvre - From Château to Museum

Architect: Pierre Lescot

http://www.louvre.fr/en/history-louvre

Under Henri IV. (a.d. 1589-1610), the gallery facing the Seine was erected (1595-1608) by Du Cerceau, and shows the debased inclinations of the period, the details being coarsely carved throughout. Corinthian columns run through two stories, the entablature

was pierced for admission of windows, and triangular or circular pediments were placed over pilasters, without any reference to construction or fitness.

Under Louis XIII. (a.d. 1610-1643) the Louvre, as built by Lescot, was doubled in size by the architect Lemercier, the Pavilion de I'Horloge being added to form the centre of the enlarged court facade.

Under Louis XIV. Perrault added (1688) the eastern facade, 600 feet in length, consisting of a solid-looking basement, above which is an open colonnade of coupled Corinthian columns, and additional stories were added on the north and south sides of the court to make up the necessary height to the eastern block.

Under Napoleon I. the northern portion fronting on the Place du Carrousal (completed by Napoleon III. (1863-1868) and the Republic (1874-1878) ) was constructed to connect this building with the Tuileries Palace. Under Napoleon HI. the Louvre was finished by Visconti, during 1852-1857, by the addition of the facades north and south of the Place Louis Napoleon, forming one of the most pleasing specimens of modern French art, in which a certain richness and dignity are added to the picturesqueness of the

earlier periods.

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba

F Rl aE sNs Ci cH RReEnNaAi sI Ss Sa A C nN c eC E Examples

FRENCH RENAISSANCE INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES

The Louvre, Paris

Architect: Pierre Lescot

History of the Louvre - From Château to Museum http://www.louvre.fr/en/history-louvre

Plan of the Louvre with keys to its growth from 1546 to 1878 History of

Map of the Louvre and surroundings in the 17th Century

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba

F Rl aE sNs Ci cH RReEnNaAi sI Ss Sa A C nN c eC E Examples

FRENCH RENAISSANCE INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES

Architect: F. MANSART

Château de Blois

Description Erected by Louis XII. And Francis I. is one of the more important examples.

Location

in the Loir-et-Cher département in the Loire Valley, in the center of the city of Blois. The residence of several French kings.

Timeline 1508 A. D Brief

http://www.chateaudeblois.fr/?Seen-in-360-degrees&lang=en

Note

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba

F Rl aE sNs Ci cH RReEnNaAi sI Ss Sa A C nN c eC E Examples

FRENCH RENAISSANCE INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES

Architect: F. MANSART

Château de Blois

Description Erected by Louis XII. And Francis I. is one of the more important examples.

Location

in the Loir-et-Cher département in the Loire Valley, in the center of the city of Blois. The residence of several French kings.

Timeline 1508 A. D Brief

The pilaster treatment of the façade, the mullioned windows showing the preference for the square section of mullion, and the rich crowing cornice and carved roof dormers, are notable.

Interior façades in Classic, Renaissance, and Gothic styles (from left to right).

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba

F Rl aE sNs Ci cH RReEnNaAi sI Ss Sa A C nN c eC E

FRENCH RENAISSANCE

Examples

INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES

Architect: F. MANSART

Château de Blois

Description Erected by Louis XII. And Francis I. is one of the more important examples.

Location

in the Loir-et-Cher département in the Loire Valley, in the center of the city of Blois. The residence of several French kings.

Timeline 1508 A. D Brief

The pilaster treatment of the façade, the mullioned windows showing the preference for the square section of mullion, and the rich crowing cornice and carved roof dormers, are notable.

Note

The façade of the Louis XII wing, with the main entrance.

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba

F Rl aE sNs Ci cH RReEnNaAi sI Ss Sa A C nN c eC E Examples

FRENCH RENAISSANCE INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES

Architect: F. MANSART

Château de Blois

Description Erected by Louis XII. And Francis I. is one of the more important examples.

Location

in the Loir-et-Cher département in the Loire Valley, in the center of the city of Blois. The residence of several French kings.

Timeline 1508 A. D Brief

The pilaster treatment of the façade, the mullioned windows showing the preference for the square section of mullion, and the rich crowing cornice and carved roof dormers, are notable.

Note

History of

A r c h i t e c t u r e 2 - A R 2 3 2 – A s s . P r o f . N e v i n e G h a r i b E l s a y e dGaston - A r c h d'Orleans . M o n a S e'sn wing gaba

F Rl aE sNs Ci cH RReEnNaAi sI Ss Sa A C nN c eC E Examples

FRENCH RENAISSANCE INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES

Architect: F. MANSART

Château de Blois

Description Erected by Louis XII. And Francis I. is one of the more important examples.

Location

in the Loir-et-Cher département in the Loire Valley, in the center of the city of Blois. The residence of several French kings.

Timeline 1508 A. D Brief

The pilaster treatment of the façade, the mullioned windows showing the preference for the square section of mullion, and the rich crowing cornice and carved roof dormers, are notable.

Note

Francois I's wing History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba

F Rl aE sNs Ci cH RReEnNaAi sI Ss Sa A C nN c eC E

FRENCH RENAISSANCE

Examples

INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES

Château de Blois

Architect: F. MANSART

The shell ornament, introduced from Venice, was largely employed. In the famous “Staircase tower” by Francis I. The letter F decoratively formed among the carved balusters, and vaulting bosses, and the repetition of the carving of the salamander, the emblem of Francis I. are interesting.

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba

F Rl aE sNs Ci cH RReEnNaAi sI Ss Sa A C nN c eC E

FRENCH RENAISSANCE

Examples

INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES

Château de Blois

Architect: F. MANSART

The shell ornament, introduced from Venice, was largely employed. In the famous “Staircase tower” by Francis I. The letter F decoratively formed among the carved balusters, and vaulting bosses, and the repetition of the carving of the salamander, the emblem of Francis I. are interesting.

Francois I's wing

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba

F Rl aE sNs Ci cH RReEnNaAi sI Ss Sa A C nN c eC E Examples

FRENCH RENAISSANCE INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES

Architect: F. MANSART

Château Maisons

Description was designed by Francois Mansard on a symmetrical E-plan with central entrance and twin oval-shaped side vestibules.

Location Near Paris, France Timeline 1642 A. D Brief

Note

History of

It is notable externally for the effective use of the Classic Orders and the high roofs, with prominent chimney-stacks, of the three pavilions, and internally for the refinement of detail of the balustrade stairs, carved chimney-pieces, and ornamented ceilings.

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba

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INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES

Château Maisons

History of

FRENCH RENAISSANCE Architect: F. MANSART

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba

F Rl aE sNs Ci cH RReEnNaAi sI Ss Sa A C nN c eC E Examples

INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES

Château Maisons

History of

FRENCH RENAISSANCE Architect: F. MANSART

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba

F Rl aE sNs Ci cH RReEnNaAi sI Ss Sa A C nN c eC E

FRENCH RENAISSANCE

Examples

INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES

Architect: De BROSSE

Palais du Luxembourg

Description was erected by De Brosse for Marie de Medici of Florence, the intention being to imitate the bold and simple treatment of Florentine buildings

Location Paris, France Timeline 1611 A. D Brief

Note

History of

It resembles the Pitti Palace, Florence, in the treatment of the courtyard. It has a French type of plan, a " corp de logis," 315 feet by 170 feet and three stories in height, from which wings project 230 feet, enclosing a courtyard, and having screen and porte- cochere in front. It is now used as a Senate House.

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba

F Rl aE sNs Ci cH RReEnNaAi sI Ss Sa A C nN c eC E

FRENCH RENAISSANCE

Examples

INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES

Architect: De BROSSE

Palais du Luxembourg

Description was erected by De Brosse for Marie de Medici of Florence, the intention being to imitate the bold and simple treatment of Florentine buildings

Location Paris, France Timeline 1611 A. D Brief

Note

History of

It resembles the Pitti Palace, Florence, in the treatment of the courtyard. It has a French type of plan, a " corp de logis," 315 feet by 170 feet and three stories in height, from which wings project 230 feet, enclosing a courtyard, and having screen and porte- cochere in front. It is now used as a Senate House.

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba

F Rl aE sNs Ci cH RReEnNaAi sI Ss Sa A C nN c eC E

FRENCH RENAISSANCE Palazzo Pitti, FloranceArchitect: De BROSSE

Palais du Luxembourg

History of

Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba

Thank you for your Attention History of architecture IV

http://www.britannica.com/ History of

Architecture 4 - AR 334 – Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba