History of Architecture 2 A R 2 3 2 Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport College of Engineering & Technology Architectural Engineering and Environmental Design Department
H i s t o r y o f A r c h i t e c t u r e II Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed Arch. Mai Ghazi – Arch. Fiona Naaoum
L e c t u r e 7
ROMANESQUE
ARCCHITECTURE IN EUROPE المراحل الزمنية للعمارة المسيحية
Early Christian Architecture
Byzantine Architecture
Gothic Architecture
Romanesque Architecture
Early Christian Architecture 324 - 600
العمارة المسيحية المبكرة عمارة مسيحية غربية
Byzantine Architecture 324 - 900
عمارة مسيحية شرقية- العمارة البيزنطية Romanesque Architecture 900 -1150
عمارة الرومانيسك عمارة مسيحية غربية Gothic Architecture 1000 - 1500
عمارة مسيحية غربية0 العمارة القوطية
324
600
900
1000
1150
1500
Christian Architecture Time line History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
ROMSNESQUE ARCHITECTURE IN EUROPE
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
ROMANESQUE
ARCCHITECTURE IN EUROPE
INTRODUCTION Architecture as a product of Culture, History, Science, Technology, Economics, Society, Religion, and State
A R C H I T E C T U R E History of
INFLUENCES Natural influences
Geographical
Geological Climate
Manmade influences
Religion Social and Political Historical
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
ROMANESQUE
ARCCHITECTURE IN EUROPE
INTRODUCTION
Europe About 1100
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
ROMANESQUE
ARCCHITECTURE IN EUROPE
INTRODUCTION Angouleme Cathedral southern France.
Basilica San Zeno Maggiore, Verona/Italy
Lisbon Cathedral, Portugal
History of
Husaby Church, Sweden
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
ROMANESQUE
ARCCHITECTURE IN EUROPE
INTRODUCTION
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
ROMANESQUE
ARCCHITECTURE IN EUROPE
INTRODUCTION
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
ROMANESQUE
ARCCHITECTURE IN EUROPE
INTRODUCTION
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
ROMANESQUE
ARCCHITECTURE IN EUROPE
INTRODUCTION
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
ROMANESQUE
ARCCHITECTURE IN EUROPE
INTRODUCTION
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
ROMANESQUE
ARCCHITECTURE IN EUROPE
INTRODUCTION
Angouleme Cathedral southern France.
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
ITALIAN ROMSNESQUE
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
I TA L I A N
ROMANESQUE
INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES Geographical
The style which grew up on the decay of the Roman empire, and is known as Romanesque, was carried on throughout practically the whole of the Western
Geological Climate
empire- that is, in those countries which had directly under the rule of Rome. بدأ الطراز الرومانسك في الظهور في أقطار غرب،حينما بدأت اإلمبراطورية الرومانية في اإلضمحالل .اوروبا والتي كانت ال تزال تحت سيطرة روما
Religion Social and Political Historical
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
I TA L I A N
ROMANESQUE
INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES Geographical
The position of each country will be slightly touched upon under its own heading. The influence of Byzantine art through Ravenna and Vince also
Geological Climate
influenced the Italian Romanesque in Lombardy and Europe generally. يدين الطراز إلى تأثير الفن البيزنطي الذي انبثق.حددت المواقع الجغرافية لهذه البالد كثير من مظاهر الطراز .من رافينا وفينيسيا والذي أثر على طراز الرومانسك في ايطاليا وأوروبا بشكل عام
Religion Social and Political Historical
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
I TA L I A N
ROMANESQUE
INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES Geographical
The boundaries of central Italy extended to Florence and Pisa on the north and west, and to Naples on the south. Pisa was by position a maritime power.
Geological Climate
ولعبت بيزا دورا.امتدت حدود وسط إيطاليا لتشمل فلورانسا وبيزا في الشمال والغرب ونابولي في الجنوب .هاما بفضل موقعها البحري
Religion Social and Political Historical
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
I TA L I A N
ROMANESQUE
INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES Geographical
Tuscany possessed greater mineral wealth than any other part of Italy, and building stone was abundant. The ordinary building materials of Rome were
Geological Climate Religion
bricks, local volcanic stone, and Travertino stone from Tivoli. Marble was obtained from Carrara, or Paros and other Greek isles. ،اقليم توسكانا غني بالمعادن واألحجار عن باقي األقاليم واستخدمت مواد بناء كثيرة في روما منها الطوب . الرخام من كرارة وباروس ومن الجزر اإلغريقية، أحجار الترافرتينو من تيفولي،األحجار البركانية المحلية
Social and Political Historical
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
I TA L I A N
ROMANESQUE
INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES Geographical
Geological Climate
In 755 Central Italy served its connection with the Empire and became independent, thereby inaugurating the temporal power of the papacy.
Religion
. م استقل وسط ايطاليا وأصبح تحت حكم البابا وتم تدشين السلطة البابوية755 في عام
Social and Political Historical
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
I TA L I A N
ROMANESQUE
INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES Geographical
In Italy, Especially in Tuscany, an artistic movement, in which architecture was most prominent, took place in the 11th century. The growth of an
Geological Climate
industrial and the increase of commerce were important factors in the rise of Naples and Pisa and other cities for self-defense, owing to insufficient
protection from Constantinople. Religion
Social and Political
وساعد على ذلك النمو في11 في ايطاليا وخاصة في االقليم التوسكاني برزت الحركة الفنية في القرن التجارة والصناعة والذي كان له أكبر األثر في نمو مدن مثل نابولي وبيزا كمدن دفاعية وذلك بسبب عدم .توفير الحماية الكافية من القسطنطينية
Historical
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
I TA L I A N
ROMANESQUE
INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES Geographical
At the commencement of the 11th century, Pisa, Venice and Genoa was great commercial and naval power in the Mediterranean and took the lead in the
Geological Climate
wars in 1025. 1030 A.D. at Tunis. كانت بيزا والبندقية وجنوة قوة تجارية وبحرية عظمى في منطقة البحر األبيض،11 في بداية القرن . م في تونس1030 .1025 المتوسط وأخذت زمام المبادرة في حربي
Religion Social and Political
Historical
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
I TA L I A N
ROMANESQUE
INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES Geographical
Geological Climate
The architecture of Southern Italy and Sicily was influenced by both Norman and Islamic architecture.
Religion
العمارة في الجنوب اإليطالي وفي صقلية تاثرت بالعمارة اإلسالمية والنورمانية
Social and Political
Historical
Palermo Cathedral is a fascinating blend of Byzantine, Arab and Norman styles
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
I TA L I A N
CENTRAL
ROMANESQUE
EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE – SCTHYULRE C–H EASr c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r
الطراز البيزنطي
Pisa Cathedral, Campanile and Baptistery Description Location Timeline Brief
) الدومو (ميدان الكاتدرائيةNote ميدان
Cathedral + Baptistery+ Campanile Pisa – Central Italy A.D. 1063 - 1092 The Piazza del Duomo ("Cathedral Square") is a wide, walled area to the north of central Pisa, Tuscany, Italy, recognized as one of the main centers for medieval art in the world.
،ميدان متسع منتصف مدينة بيزا توسكانا بايطاليا ويعرف بأنه واحد من أهم مراكز فن العصور الوسطى في العالم
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
I TA L I A N
CENTRAL
ROMANESQUE
EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE – SCTHYULRE C–H EASr c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r
الطراز البيزنطي
Pisa Cathedral, Campanile and Baptistery Description Location Timeline
Western church Pisa – Central Italy A.D. 1063 - 1092
Brief
عكس الكنائس الرومانسكيةNote على األخرى احتوت الكاتدرائية على معمودية وبرج لألجراس وكذلك تميزت بوجود الرخام في التصميم .الوجهات الخارجية
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
I TA L I A N
CENTRAL
ROMANESQUE
EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE – SCTHYULRE C–H EASr c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r
الطراز البيزنطي
Pisa Cathedral, Campanile and Baptistery Description Location Timeline Brief
المعماري1063 بدأ تأسيسها عام Note بوسكيتو على غرار طراز .الرومانيسك في مدينة بيزا
History of
Cathedral + Baptistery+ Campanile Pisa – Central Italy A.D. 1063 - 1092 Its Construction began in 1063 by the architect Busketo, and set the model for the Pisan Romanesque style of architecture.
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
I TA L I A N
CENTRAL
ROMANESQUE
EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE – SCTHYULRE C–H EASr c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r
الطراز البيزنطي
Pisa Cathedral, Campanile and Baptistery Description Location Timeline
Cathedral + Baptistery+ Campanile Pisa – Central Italy A.D. 1063 - 1092
Brief Note
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
I TA L I A N
CENTRAL
ROMANESQUE
EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE – SCTHYULRE C–H EASr c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r
الطراز البيزنطي
Pisa Cathedral, Campanile and Baptistery Description Location Timeline
Cathedral + Baptistery+ Campanile Pisa – Central Italy A.D. 1063 - 1092
Externally, blind arcades, built in stripes of red and white marble, ornament the facades, which also have small open arcades one above the other, producing a fine impression. الواجهات الخارجية عبارة عن ممرات Note Brief
مصمتة من الرخام األحمر واألبيض وزخرفة الواجهات يعلوها ممرات أخرى مفتوحة واحدة فوق األخرى مما يعطي انطباع جيد
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
I TA L I A N
CENTRAL
ROMANESQUE
EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE – SCTHYULRE C–H EASr c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r
الطراز البيزنطي
Pisa Cathedral, Campanile and Baptistery Description Location Timeline
Cathedral + Baptistery+ Campanile Pisa – Central Italy A.D. 1063 - 1092
Brief
مثال جيد لكيفية استكمال البناءNote تعتبر من الطراز الرومانيسكي إلى الطراز .القوطي
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
I TA L I A N
CENTRAL
ROMANESQUE
EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE – SCTHYULRE C–H EASr c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r
الطراز البيزنطي
Pisa Cathedral, Campanile and Baptistery Description Location Timeline
Cathedral + Baptistery+ Campanile Pisa – Central Italy A.D. 1063 - 1092
The Campanile (Bell Tower), is a circular structure 52 feet in Dim. Ornamented with هو بنية دائرية،األجراسNote برجeight stories of arcades. During its erection the foundations gave way, thus causing the tower مزين بثمانية. قدم52 قطرها to lean about 11 feet from the vertical. Brief
، أثناء التشييد مالت اساساته.ادوار مما تسبب في ميل البرج حوالي . قدم من المحور العمودي11
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
I TA L I A N
CENTRAL
ROMANESQUE
EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE – SCTHYULRE C–H EASr c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r
الطراز البيزنطي
Pisa Cathedral, Campanile and Baptistery Description Location Timeline Brief
بناء دائري قطري،المعمودية Note مكسو بالرخام. قدم129 وبأنصاف أعمدة في الطابق السفلي يعلوها دورين من .االممرات المفتوحة
History of
Cathedral + Baptistery+ Campanile Pisa – Central Italy A.D. 1063 - 1092 The Baptistery, is circular 129 feet in Dim. Built of marble, it is surrounded externally on the lower story by half column, connected by semicircular arches, above which is an open arcade in two heights, supported on small detached shafts.
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
I TA L I A N
CENTRAL
ROMANESQUE
EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE – SCTHYULRE C–H EASr c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r
الطراز البيزنطي
Pisa Cathedral, Campanile and Baptistery Description Location Timeline Brief
بناء دائري قطري،المعمودية Note مكسو بالرخام. قدم129 وبأنصاف أعمدة في الطابق السفلي يعلوها دورين من .االممرات المفتوحة
History of
Cathedral + Baptistery+ Campanile Pisa – Central Italy A.D. 1063 - 1092 The Baptistery, is circular 129 feet in Dim. Built of marble, it is surrounded externally on the lower story by half column, connected by semicircular arches, above which is an open arcade in two heights, supported on small detached shafts.
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
I TA L I A N
CENTRAL
ROMANESQUE
EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE – SCTHYULRE C–H EASr c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r
الطراز البيزنطي
Pisa Cathedral, Campanile and Baptistery Description Location Timeline Brief
بناء دائري قطري،المعمودية Note مكسو بالرخام. قدم129 وبأنصاف أعمدة في الطابق السفلي يعلوها دورين من .االممرات المفتوحة
History of
Cathedral + Baptistery+ Campanile Pisa – Central Italy A.D. 1063 - 1092 The Baptistery, is circular 129 feet in Dim. Built of marble, it is surrounded externally on the lower story by half column, connected by semicircular arches, above which is an open arcade in two heights, supported on small detached shafts.
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
I TA L I A N
CENTRAL
ROMANESQUE
EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE – SCTHYULRE C–H EASr c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r
الطراز البيزنطي
Pisa Cathedral, Campanile and Baptistery Description Location Timeline
Cathedral + Baptistery+ Campanile Pisa – Central Italy A.D. 1063 - 1092
Brief Note
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
I TA L I A N ( N O RT H ) RO M A N ES Q U E EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE – SCTHYULRE C–H EASr c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r
الطراز البيزنطي
San MICHEL CATHEDRAL Description Location Timeline Brief
Cathedral Pavia – North Italy A.D. 1188 Good example of Romanesque architecture. It is vaulted in square bays with side aisles in two stories and piers of clustered section.
. مثال جيد للعمارة الرومانيسكيةNote تعتبر عبارة عن قبوات على شكل مربع .وممرات جانبية على طابقين
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
I TA L I A N ( N O RT H ) RO M A N ES Q U E EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE – SCTHYULRE C–H EASr c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r
الطراز البيزنطي
San MICHEL CATHEDRAL Description Location Timeline Brief
Cathedral Pavia – North Italy A.D. 1188 Good example of Romanesque architecture. It is vaulted in square bays with side aisles in two stories and piers of clustered section.
Note
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
I TA L I A N ( N O RT H ) RO M A N ES Q U E EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE – SCTHYULRE C–H EASr c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r
الطراز البيزنطي
San MICHEL CATHEDRAL Description Location Timeline Brief
Cathedral Pavia – North Italy A.D. 1188 Good example of Romanesque architecture. It is vaulted in square bays with side aisles in two stories and piers of clustered section.
Note
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
I TA L I A N ( N O RT H ) RO M A N ES Q U E EB XY AZ M A NP TL IENSE – SCTHYULRE C–H EASr c h i t e c t u r a l C h a r a c t e r
الطراز البيزنطي
P.234
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
Thank you for your Attention History of architecture II
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi