History of Architecture 2 A R 2 3 2 Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport College of Engineering & Technology Architectural Engineering and Environmental Design Department
H i s t o r y o f A r c h i t e c t u r e IV Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed Arch. Mona Sengaba
L e c t u r e
9
THE ENGLISH
RENAISSANCE
THE ENGLISH
RENAISSANCE
The renaissance did not come to England until the final two decades of 15th century English architecture shows an increase in application of Renaissance details to buildings. Designs continue to be eclectic, drawing from many areas. The English Renaissance is primarily concerned with Domestic/secular design. English buildings more closely resemble French that Italian buildings because of their similar characteristics like large windows, steeply pitched roofs, and tall chimneys.
ENGLISH RENAISSANCE I N T R O D U C T I O N - Development in England– influences Architecture as a product of Culture, History, Science, Technology, Economics, Society, Religion, and State
A R C H I T E C T U R E History of
INFLUENCES Natural influences
Geographical
Geological Climate
Manmade influences
Religion Social and Political Historical
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
ENGLISH RENAISSANCE I N T R O D U C T I O N - Development in England– influences
INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES
Geographical Geological Climate Religion Social and Political Historical
Historical Map of Europe about 1560.
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
ENGLISH RENAISSANCE I N T R O D U C T I O N - Development in England– influences Geographical Geological Climate Religion Social and Political Historical
Portrait of Elizabeth I Historical Map of Western Europe in the Time of Elizabeth. History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
ENGLISH RENAISSANCE I N T R O D U C T I O N - Development in England– influences Geographical
Geological Climate Religion Social and Political
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
ENGLISH RENAISSANCE I N T R O D U C T I O N - Development in England– influences Geographical
Geological Climate Religion
Historical
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
ENGLISH RENAISSANCE I N T R O D U C T I O N - Development in England– influences Geographical
Geological
Climate Religion Social and Political Historical Hardwick Hall (1590–1597). The numerous and large mullioned windows are typically English Renaissance, while the loggia is Italian
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
EF R N EGNL CI SHH RRE ENNAAI IS SS SAANNCCE E I N T R O D U C T I O N - Development in England– influences Geographical
Geological Climate Religion
Social and Political Historical
Print press Machine
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
ENGLISH RENAISSANCE I N T R O D U C T I O N - Architectural Character
INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES
Tudor: Primarily English Gothic with a few Renaissance elements. Outward look away from central courtyard. Large windows made up of a number of small panes, lack of symmetry and order , few classical elements and remnants of Gothic/Castle design. Middle class domestic houses remain half timber with thatched roofs be the most common form. Elizabethan: Greater reliance on classical elements and Mannerist concepts. Horizontal emphasis, regularity, larger scale but still highly individualistic in appearance. Growing importance of the staircase, Bay and Oriel windows and concept of comfort.
Jacobean: Simplification with greater unity, classical vocabulary used as decoration only. Inigo Jones: Classicism as method rather then decoration. Employing, balustrades, cornices, flat roofs, classical detail and rusticated stone. Jones introduces Palladio to England.
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
ENGLISH RENAISSANCE I N T R O D U C T I O N - Architectural Character
INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES
Historians often divide the Renaissance in England into phases and often use the following designations:
Early English Renaissance Styles Tudor 1515-1550
Primarily English Gothic with a few Renaissance elements.
Elizabethan 1555-1600
Greater reliance on classical elements and Mannerist concepts.
Jacobean 1600-1625
Simplification with greater unity, classical vocabulary used as decoration only.
Late English Renaissance Styles Anglo Classic Style 1625 - 1702
Classicism as method rather than decoration.
Georgian 1702 - 1830
Employing, balustrades, cornices, flat roofs, classical detail and rusticated stone. Inigo Jones introduces Palladio to England.
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mai Ghazi
ENGLISH RENAISSANCE I N T R O D U C T I O N - Architectural Character
INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES
Motifs: Strapwork, grotesques etc, the English borrow heavily from continental sources. Native additions include the Tudor Rose, cabochons and heraldic
devices.
Line: Vertical emphasis with horizontal banding. Color: Red Brick and natural stone colors, Stained wood and white washed plaster. White Stone (or whitewashed) in Jones’ buildings.
Materials: Brick in elaborate patterns and brick with stone quoins, Timber, Local Stone and Plaster.
Major Innovations: The major innovations can be divided into two parts 1- The establishment of an English vocabulary that combines and mixes elements
in a way unknown on the Continent and 2-The introduction of Pallado’s ideas late in the period by Inigo Jones. History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba
Early Renaissance
ENGLISH RENAISSANCE
Examples
INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES
Arch. R. Smythson (1535–1614)
Longleat House Description Location
is an architecturally significant Elizabethan country house in England. near the towns of Warminster in Wiltshire
Timeline 1568-80 for Sir John Thynne Brief
History of
Renaissance style of architecture came into fashion when no longer thought necessary to fortify one's home
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba
Early Renaissance Examples
ENGLISH RENAISSANCE INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES
Arch. R. Smythson (1535–1614)
Longleat House
deceptively symmetrical exterior with complex interior
courtyards
hall
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba
Early Renaissance Examples
ENGLISH RENAISSANCE INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES
Arch. R. Smythson (1535–1614)
Longleat House
symmetry
Hammer beam truss
The Great Hall at Longleat History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba
Early Renaissance Examples
ENGLISH RENAISSANCE INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES
Arch. R. Smythson (1535–1614)
Longleat House
disintegration of exterior wall with windows
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba
Early Renaissance
ENGLISH RENAISSANCE
Examples
INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES
Arch. R. Smythson (1535–1614)
Hardwick Hall Description
"Hardwick Hall, more glass than wall"
Location Derbyshire Timeline 1590-97 for Elizabeth Shrewsbury Brief
• windows are exceptionally large and numerous for the 16th century • a powerful statement of wealth at a time when glass was a luxury
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba
Early Renaissance Examples
ENGLISH RENAISSANCE INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES
Hardwick Hall
Arch. R. Smythson (1535–1614)
• a conspicuous statement of the wealth and power of Bess of Hardwick, who was the richest woman in England after Queen Elizabeth I herself
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba
Early Renaissance Examples
ENGLISH RENAISSANCE INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES
Hardwick Hall
Arch. R. Smythson (1535–1614) hall
grand stair
one of the first English houses where the great hall was built on an axis through the center of the house rather than at right angles to the entrance each of the three main stories is higher than the one below History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba
Early Renaissance Examples
ENGLISH RENAISSANCE INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES
Hardwick Hall
Arch. R. Smythson (1535–1614) Hardwick Hall Staircase, 1590-97
grand, winding, stone staircase leads up to a suite of state rooms on the third floor,
which includes one of the largest long galleries in any English house and a little-altered, tapestry-hung great chamber with a spectacular plaster frieze of hunting scenes History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba
Early Renaissance Examples
ENGLISH RENAISSANCE INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES
Hardwick Hall
Arch. R. Smythson (1535–1614)
The Long Gallery at Hardwick
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba
Late Renaissance
Inigo Jones (1573 – 1652) History of
ENGLISH RENAISSANCE
Queens House, Greenwich, England
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba
Late Renaissance
ENGLISH RENAISSANCE
Examples
INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES
Arch. Inigo Jones
Queens House, Greenwich Hospital Description
The river façade of which was executed by John Webb, a pupil of Inigo Jones, has the two lower stories included under one huge Corinthian order.
Location Greenwich, London, England Timeline 1616–1619 Brief
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba
Late Renaissance Examples
ENGLISH RENAISSANCE INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES
Arch. Inigo Jones
Queens House, Greenwich Hospital Description
The river façade of which was executed by John Webb, a pupil of Inigo Jones, has the two lower stories included under one huge Corinthian order.
Location Greenwich, England Timeline Brief
Plans of the Queen's House. The salon is a 40-foot (12.2 m) cube. History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba
Late Renaissance Examples
ENGLISH RENAISSANCE INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES
Arch. Inigo Jones
Queens House, Greenwich Hospital
Plans of the Queen's House. The salon is a 40-foot (12.2 m) cube.
The Queen's House viewed from the foot of Observatory Hill, showing the original house (1635) and the additional wings linked by colonnades (1807) History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba
Late Renaissance Examples
ENGLISH RENAISSANCE INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES
Arch. Inigo Jones
Banqueting House Description
The building is important in the history of English architecture as the first building to be completed in the neo-classical style which was to transform English architecture.
Location Whitehall, London Timeline 1619 - 1622 Brief
The building was controversially re-faced in Portland stone in the 19th century, though the details of the original façade were faithfully preserved.
The Old Palace of Whitehall by Hendrik Danckerts History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba
Late Renaissance Examples
ENGLISH RENAISSANCE INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES
Arch. Inigo Jones
Banqueting House The design of the Banqueting House is classical in concept. It introduced a refined Italianate Renaissance style that was unparalleled in the free and picturesque Jacobean architecture of England, where Renaissance motifs were still filtered through the engravings of Flemish Mannerist designers. The roof is all but flat and the roofline is a balustrade. On the street façade, all the elements of two orders of engaged columns, Corinthian over Ionic, above a high rusticated basement, are interlocked in a harmonious whole.
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba
Late Renaissance Examples
ENGLISH RENAISSANCE INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES
Arch. Inigo Jones
Banqueting House The building is on three floors. The ground floor, a warren of cellars and store rooms, is low; its small windows indicating by their size the lowly status and usage of the floor, above which is the double-height banqueting hall, which falsely appears from the outside as a first-floor piano nobile with a secondary floor above. The seven bays of windows divided by Ionic pilasters of the "first floor" are surmounted by alternating triangular and segmental pediments, while the windows of the "second floor" are unadorned casements. Immediately beneath the entablature, which projects to emphasize the central three bays, the capitals of the Corinthian pilasters are linked by swags in relief above which the entablature, crowned by a balustrade, is supported by dental corbel table. Under the upper frieze, festoons and masks suggest the feasting and revelry associated with the concept of a royal banqueting hall.
History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba
Late Renaissance
ENGLISH RENAISSANCE
Examples
INTRODUCTION- INFLUENCES
Arch. Inigo Jones
S. Paul Church, Covent Garden Description
Is severe and imposing by reason of its simplicity and good proportion, but has been altered and rebuilt by subsequent architects.
Location Covent Garden, London, England Timeline 1631 – 1638 A.D. Brief
As well as being the parish church of Covent Garden, the church gained its nickname by a long association with the theatre community.
St. Paul's Church
St Paul's Church, also commonly known as the Actors' Church History of
Architecture 2 - AR 232 – Ass. Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba
Thank you for your Attention History of architecture IV
http://www.britannica.com/ History of
Architecture 4 - AR 334 – Prof. Nevine Gharib Elsayed- Arch. Mona Sengaba