Islander Issue 23

ISLANDER ISSUE 23

celebration

This work portrays the youth culture of the millennial generation. Inspired by the work "The school of Athens" by Raphael, I have finished a digital painting with a photo of my friends who are all of similar age to me. The group of portraits are to signify the celebration of diversity of the millennials.

Also, it portrays the spirit of youth are being able to express themselves freely by chasing their dreams.

By Taili Rita Li, Year 13, Halla North

INTRODUCTION

When I hear the word “Celebration” the tune and lyrics to the hit song for Kool and the Gang “Celebration” start playing in my mind. I’m sure some readers of my generation will remember this song as fondly as I do, and for those that don’t, it’s definitely a song to lookup on Youtube! The song has become a celebratory anthem, with the inspiration for it coming from a passage in the Quran on celebration. With lyrics such as “Everyone around the World”, “It’s time to come together” and “Let’s all celebrate”, the song is focussed on people coming together.

Originally released in 1980, when I was only 6, I would like to use this song as a timely reminder that one of the most important goals for humanity is for us to come together to help one another. In a recent Monday morning KS3 assembly, Mr. Abbate spoke of the refugee crisis around the World, with 70.8 million people forcibly displaced as of today. A staggering number of people.

So, what can we do to help? The recent Jenam Orphanage project was amazing, as within 24 hours of the assembly and email, there were more people signed up than there were children needing gifts. Truly, a cause to celebrate working with such a caring community. For me, it’s the smallest gestures that can matter the most, forgiving that person who may have been rude to you or just being nice to someone over the course of your day.

It has been a pleasure for me to preview the articles for this issue of the Islander, where there are so many examples of people coming together.

I was delighted to see the interviews with staff from a number of other schools, a testament to the links we are forging in the wider international community. It was also heartening to see the development of a regular feature celebrating the achievements of NLCS Jeju alumni. Long may this column provide you with a sense of the fabulous things you can get up to when you take the next step on your journey.

A s we r e a c h t h i s c e l e b r a t o r y time of the year it is exciting to see students researching and writing about celebrations in other cultures and traditions. On the recent Nepal Service trip, when the team flew into Kathmandu, the Diwali lights across the whole city were something quite special.

Celebration can also be about personal accomplishments, such as winning a sports match or getting into your dream University. Mr. Jogi who has been training students for the tennis KISAC (which was held today), just sent me this text: “Dayoung and Hyunjun won the doubles, playing really well and coming back from behind to win the final. The smiles on their faces was worth a million dollars”.

So, to summarize, please remember to Celebrate your achievements and also to Celebrate what you can do to bring people together.

I hope you enjoy this issue of The Islander as much as I have!

Mr. Machin

ALUMNI INTERVIEWANDREW HAN, CLASS OF 2015

BY ADRIENNE YOON, YEAR 13, HALLA EAST EDITED BY: MR. MAHER Andrew Han, currently a student at Ringling College of Art and Design in the US, attended NLCS Jeju for 5

Andrew is majoring in Computer Animation, and he

years until he graduated in 2015. He was a gap assistant

believes that though he has not yet been able to go

at NLCS last year returning to university after his two-

into depth in the field since he only completed lessons

year break to serve in the Korean army.

for one year, what he has learnt is what only Ringling College of Art and Design can provide. His first year experience was special enough taking classes from professionals who actually work at Disney, Blizzard, Riot Games and more. He says it is something he could not get anywhere else. The best part was the Traditional Animation class he took during the second semester.

Traditional Animation is a technique which requires hundreds of frames to be physically drawn just to make a few-second-long animation clip. The professor who taught the class was one the original animators of Lion King, Mulan, Lilo n Stitch so the class materials were the actual animation frames used in the movie. This gave him a chance to learn as if he were actually working in the field. He is thankful for choosing to study at Ringling and takes pride in being an art student there.

Although there were technical limitations to what could be done in IB art, such as 3D animations, Andrew believes that IB art in school has helped him find out what he likes, does well, and most importantly, developed his creativity and artistic vision as a result of the freedom and support NLCS gave him.

Working as a gap assistant where he used to go to school also was a special opportunity for Andrew to experience school from a working staff point of view. He recalls being surprised at some things which he was not able to see when he was a student, like the unbelievable amounts of effort some teachers put into teaching and caring for students. What he loved most about his role was that because he himself was once a student at NLCS, he was able to empathise with the students and give them useful advice.

Before Andrew returned to NLCS Jeju as a gap assistant, he served in the military for 2 years, and he summarised his life at army with three words: fun, valuable, and miserable.

Since the military is a place where people come from all parts of the country converge, he recounts encountering many different souls from quite varied backgrounds, which helped him widen his view of the world. There were times where he felt under pressure with the responsibility that came with his position when he became the squad leader, but he says he also had great moments such as having the opportunity to participate in the opening ceremony of the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics, performing in front of millions of people from all over the world.

Andrew’s original dream was to create a game character as an artist, or to work for a company and contribute to creating an animated movie. Now that he has had some experience as a gap assistant in school for about a year, he is also interested in education. He has become fascinated in how education helps guide students to find their passion and

Nepal and beyond Celebrating the NLCS Jeju contact with schools in Nepal Tom Lee Year 12, Halla East Since NLCS Jeju has started service trips to Nepal, there

There is currently a wide network between the schools

has developed a strong and positive relationship be-

in Nepal. This made it possible for our first two schools

tween NLCS Jeju and various schools from Nepal. Prior

to acquaint other schools on the benefits they received

to this year’s new Nepal Service Trip, The Islander had

from active participation in the international ven-

the opportunity for a valuable interview with 12 school

ture with our school in Jeju. As a result, more than 17

principals from Nepal, including the two schools NLCS

schools in Nepal were eager to invite us to be of service

Jeju has already been to visit. The principals from Nepal

to their schools. Since most of the schools were still re-

gave us their valuable opinion of the NLCS Jeju Nepal

covering from the damage of the earthquake, the school

Service team and the impacts the ongoing relationship

principals said they needed support from any possible

has brought them. The principals were from schools

sources, without any preferences, as they need help in

around Nepal, such as Kathmandu.

almost every area. Hence the trip to Korea to establish contact with a wide number of schools where a mutual-

The Islander firstly asked the principles what made

ly beneficial arrangement of support might be fostered.

them maintain a service relationship between their school and NLCS Jeju. A principle of one of the schools visited stated that, ever since his school was almost destroyed due to an earthquake, the service from NLCS

The Nepalese school principals explained that their

Jeju was really helpful for his school in the process of

school was able to carry out basic education for their

recovery. Some of our students, including art students,

students using the facilities donated by the service team

helped the recovery from the earthquake by helping

even after the visit was over. The principals added that

design the school facilities that needed to be rebuilt.

students also started to enjoy other activities, including

As a result, various other Nepalese schools wanted to

sports. “It could be said that the NLCS Jeju service team

know more about our school, as they said they were

has caused a significant change in our teaching environ-

“fascinated” by our contributions.

ment’, said Mr. Shrestha, one of the school principals who received our school service for 5 years.

Other international schools heard about the visit NLCS

NLCS Jeju provided the schools in Nepal with basic

Jeju had made and enquired from schools in Nepal

academic lessons, such as English, P.E., and Music.

whether they could come for a similar service trip. One

This became the basic subjects of schools in Nepal

school in Kathmandu received various support from

and now the NLCS Jeju service team are going to visit

international schools all around the world, including

Nepal again this year with a new set of lessons based on

those from Japan. Some of the schools from Eastern

computer science and will donate a set of computers

Asia, other than Korea and Japan, also sent the schools

so that the Nepalese students can build on their skills

various items to support the learning of the students.

and also maintain contact. This time our service team is

Both the Nepalese schools which received our service

planning to visit Future Star English Secondary school

previously became part of a large international society,

in Kathmandu. NLCS Jeju students will also teach infor-

as other schools and public welfare organizations also

mation about Korean culture, including K-Pop. Students

contacted them after the NLCS Jeju service team.

in Nepal will show their teachers the various cultures of Nepal in return, a unique experience for both visitors

Students in NLCS Jeju also participated in the service

and hosts.

trip as teachers to other students in Nepal. Students were deeply engaged with the activities prepared by the

Our school has been having a significant impact on

service team and didn’t want their teachers to leave. The

and providing benefits for, the schools in Nepal while

students were also deeply interested in Korean culture

helping them to recover from the earthquake. With the

and wanted to meet their teachers again. Some even

help of our school, various schools in Nepal managed to

changed their Facebook account to their own Korean

set up a wide network between the schools to enhance

names, contacted NLCS Jeju privately and maintained a

the academic environment of Nepal. Just as one of the

relationship even after the trip had ended.

Nepalese principals enthused, both NLCS Jeju and the schools in Nepal are now “part of a wider international community.”

Mr. Machin, Mr. Im and Mr. Waterson with the 12 Nepal principals and 4 … who visited 17th September 2019. Photo: Hyunseung Max Ro, Year 11, Jeoji

BOEING BUSINESS JET 777X: OFFICIAL DEBUT!

HYEONGMIN KIM, Y13 HE

On the 10th of December, 2018, Boeing finally announced its brandnew Boeing Business Jet (BBJ) 777X, the longest-range business jet ever developed. The brand-new BBJ 777X can fly more than halfway around the world, from London to Sydney or Auckland, nonstop. Greg Laxton, head of Boeing Business Jet, said “our customers wish to fly with the best space and comfort and fly straight to their destination, no matter how far it is. The brand-new BBJ 777X will make this possible for the first time ever in the world, redefining the concept of ultra-long range VIP travel.”

Customers can choose between two models: BBJ 777-8 and BBJ 777-9. The BBJ 777-8 and 777-9 have an ultra-long range of 13,410 miles and 12,660 miles respectively, which are both longer than half of the Earth’s circumference! With BBJ 777X, there is nowhere one cannot reach without having to stop on the way.

Boeing Business Jets currently offers 737 MAX, 787, 777 and 747-8. Since 1996, Boeing has delivered 234 Business Jets, 201 of which are still in operation.

A competitor aircraft manufacturer Airbus launched the first A320 NEO as an Airbus Corporate Jet (ACJ) in August of 2018. The development of the BBJ 777X began in 2010, and in December, 2018, Boeing finally launched its magnificent

aircraft. Prior to the launch, in November 2018, General Electric (engine manufacturer) prepared for the final flight tests for the world’s largest aircraft engine GE9X which is a part of the BBJ 777X family.

The BBJ 777X can be regarded as one of the most revolutionary establishments made in this century considering how long it took for a businessman to travel from Sydney to London in 1935.

With BBJ 777X, one can fly from London to Sydney in about 20 hours without stopping - in 1935, one had to travel for around 2 weeks with up to 43 technical stopovers (for refueling). Considering the fact that this innovative development in the aviation industry happened in less than a century, there is no doubt that everyone will soon be able to fly without restrictions in time.

To achieve today’s modern democracy in most countries, it took many, huge footsteps. Back ion the days, all countries in Europe were ruled by a king. People’s thoughts weren’t accepted and the royal family’s corruption and tyranny grew more and more severe.

Understandably, the people’s lives were devastatedbeing devastated. Then people realized that they shouldn’t remain as weak as they were. Riots broke and finally the royalty and the monarchy collapsed. Now, this article will deal about ‘Bastille day’, which made a huge process on democratization in France.

Bastille Day is a holiday celebrating the storming of the Bastille (a military fortress and prison) on July 14, 1789, in a violent uprising that helped usher in the French Revolution. Besides holding gunpowder and other supplies valuable to revolutionaries, the Bastille also symbolized the callous tyranny of the French monarchy, especially King Louis XVI and his queen, Marie Antoinette. At the time, Louis XVI and his cake-enthusiast queen, Marie Antoinette, were on the throne. The monarchy was deeply out of touch with the realities of life for

most of the citoyens, particularly as the country was in the middle of a deep economic and political crisis.

Bastille Day celebrations are not limited to Paris. Across France, other parades and parties will commemorate the move towards democracy over 200 years ago. Festivities will also take place in countries around the world, including South Africa and India. July 14th in France, often called Bastille Day among English speakers, marks the anniversary of the storming of the Bastille fortress in Paris, a key kick-off point for the French Revolution.

It’s France’s national day and naturally a day off work. So what do people do? There are events such as firework (feu d’artifice), Firemen’s balls, a military parade, champagnes, and celebrate like royalty at the Chateau de Versailles.

ERIC YOO, Y11, SARAH

BAS TILLE DAY

On the 11th of November, 1918, the official conflict of World War 1 came to an end. Germany had surrendered due to their losses at Berlin, and America had become a growing menace on the western front. This was the day that the soldiers fighting for their country were relieved of their duty. The officials in the train carriage had signed the forfeit early in the morning, and the alert that the war was over was sounded at 11 AM. The war that had torn the world apart had ended. Many see this as a very important day, a day that is commemorated for the honor of the veterans who fought in the trenches.

For those less familiar with the Great war, here’s a little history lesson.

June 28, 1914, a man named Archduke Franz Ferdinand was on a drive on the streets of Austria-Hungary, and was shot by a member of the Black Hand, a Serbian revolutionary group. Serbia wanted freedom from Austria-Hungary, and Russia was there to help Serbia.

Unfaltered, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. Austria-Hungary then turned to the power-hungry Germany who wanted to expand their land under the reign of Kaiser Wilhelm II. The rest of the world was now threatened and Britain, France and Italy agreed to aid Russia in defending the world from mass destruction. Germany didn’t want Russia helping Serbia, so they declared war on Russia. Germany invaded France through Belgium, and Britain declared war on Germany for the involvement of

E N D O F WW 1

a neutral country. President Woodrow Wilson of the USA was against military action and favored diplomatic negotiation, but all the countries were arming up for war. The Germans pushed France all the way back to Paris. The French commander-in-chief, Joseph Joffre, ordered his armies to stop retreating, resulting in the Battle of the Marne which led to the infamous trenches. What followed was a long, excruciating four year period of combat ending the lives of masses of soldiers and civilians.

The war had been coming to an end towards 1918, Russia had pulled out of the war for their revolution, German troops were sieged in Berlin with severe attrition, running out of rations and ammunition, and the United States had joined the allies. Germany was scared that their country might fall and on the 11th of November,1918, Germany signed the surrender and the treaty of Versailles. This stated that Germany was to pay the allies reparations for the war, cut off the infantry to just 100,000 men, banned the recruitment of aerial troops (such as the Luftwaffe) and reduced Germany’s territory by demilitarising them in areas such as the Rhineland. This day is commemorated as Armistice day, a day in which the death of several million soldiers and veterans are mourned for and commemorated. Last year was the 100th anniversary of the Armistice which NLCS Jeju recognised as an important day that students should recognise, preparing a special enrichment day

JAY KIM, Y11, MULCHAT

for students in Year 9 who were learning about the First World War. As explained, World War 1 was a great tragedy that brought havoc to the entire world. It should have been a mistake never to be repeated. I say should, because the world did not learn from the mistake and instead started World War 2 just twenty years later. Surely it is disappointing to see that humanity as a whole falls apart so easily. Both wars have proven to us that warfare is perhaps the most dangerous thing that poses a threat to us. Previously, we feared the wilderness and the unknown, wild predators and disease. Now that we have nothing to fear as civilisation protects us, all we have to fear is ourselves. And we are far more deadly than any other conceivable predator or disease, for it is us who decide to take each other’s lives. Although the events of the war were unimaginably horrifying, what is left for us is to move on. We must not dwell on things of the past and quarrel meaninglessly.

That said, the day of WW1’s end is commemorated in diverse events around the world. As a basis, the poppy flower is pinned on one’s chest-pocket, serving as a symbol of the war. The poppy is most often artificial, created by the factory selected as a national producer.

It first came to attention when the poem ‘In Flanders Fields’ signifying the poppy as a flower that grow in the midst of battle or conflict. Indeed, poppys do grow on disturbed lands as the seeds are more spread about when the ground is

trampled. Red poppies are most commonly used in the commemoration of Armistice Day, as white poppies symbolise peace without violence (more close to what President Wilson wanted) and purple poppies symbolise violence against animals. When commemorating the Great War, one must not forget the symbol of the poppy.

However, some reject the poppy as a legitimate symbol of the Great war. One such reason is because poppy seeds are dangerous; more commonly known as Opium, the drug that left a significant impact in China. Due to this, anti-drug protesters choose to symbolise the Armistice Day in a different way. One other reason is that some see wearing the poppy as forced. Of course, this leads to unnecessary conflict once again, as pro-poppy groups argue that it is a duty to wear the poppy on Armistice Day, lest they would be disrespecting the wounded and the dead. This was dubbed ‘Poppy Fascism’ by Jon Snow, Channel 4 broadcaster meaning violently ‘correcting’ someone to wear the poppy, even if it is against the person’s free will. Once again, disappointed that humanity is quick to quarrel.

The Great War was a tremendous tragedy that took the lives of many, soldiers and civilians alike. Many countries have different and diverse ways of commemorating the end of this tragic event, the most popular one being the poppy flower. While the war is in the past, it still lives on in our hearts as a fatal mistake of humanity. Let us take a moment of silence for those sacrificed in the hands of mass warfare.

MONKEY TRIAL, A FORGOTTEN SUCCESS

BY TOM LEE YEAR 11, JEOJI The majority of historians argue that incidents caused by KKK, a group of extreme nativists, was more important than the Monkey Trial based on the effect on American society. They point out that KKK started lynching and beating people from minority races, such as African-American people, for the purpose of campaign and Nativism. This created over four thousand victims around America between 1882 and 1968. KKK claimed that they have more than 5 million members in 1925. KKK was mainly lynching any people from minority races, who were suspected of causing serious crimes, such as murder or stealing money. This resulted in people from minor races pleading with the government to help them and to feel protected in the society, while the members of KKK are only working hard to justify their actions and to block any news spreading out to the public about their violent actions.

Moreover, KKK also caused various political changes in American society during that time period. This can be seen as the number of immigrants started to increase in America in the 1920s to 14 million people along with the rise of Nativism. These were one of the background aims of KKK. One of the essential groups of members in the KKK worked in the government, police, and Congress in a high position. They only focused on passing laws which fitted to ideas raised

by KKK, which were to divide the immigrants and pure Americans. This caused the citizens in America only to have the extreme idea of Nativism and to support the violent actions caused by KKK.

Newspapers only contained praise for KKK and portrayed the KKK as heroes who defend the pure American race from the immigrants. It also made Americans think lynching wasn’t a serious crime, as police officers wouldn’t arrest them. Thus, the actions of KKK were more important in the political sphere with Nativism members in government and Congress blocking various anti-lynching laws.

However, some historians argue that the Monkey Trial was more important on the social side. Fundamentalists tried to block the theory of evolution from being taught. They also used quotes from the Bible to gain support from a majority of the citizens who believed in Christianity. However, during the Monkey Trial, fundamentalists who accused a teacher of teaching evolution were ridiculed by other people while they tried defending the quotes from the Bible. This indicates that the basic idea of people had changed from supporting the Bible to thinking about evolution. By considering how long the idea of the Bible was with citizens, it can be mentioned that the Monkey Trial has remarkably changed the basic spread of ideas about evolution. As a result, the Monkey Trial was more important in social terms, as it introduced the citizens a theory of knowledge and the weakness of the fundamentalists.

Furthermore, the Monkey Trial was also claimed to be more important, as it changed the basic education of the citizens. Before the trial happened, fundamentalists prohibited the teaching of evolution in six states. Thousands of people believed that people were cre-

ated by God, as fundamentalists have taught them since that was the theory they learned. However, the Monkey Trial happened as one teacher refused to accept this. This caused the people to become curious about this new theory of evolution along with becoming aware of the importance of education and the consequences that can happen when people manipulated facts. As a result, it can be said that Monkey Trial was more important as it introduced the importance of education to the public.

In can be seen that the Monkey Trial is closer to the celebration of humanity than actions by KKK. It is in fact, one of the most significant events that weren’t celebrated, unlike other events. As Monkey Trial became the trigger of the theory of evolution is popular on the public, it is often considered as a new opening of the new scientific revolution after Newton discovered gravity and rejected the idea of Aristotle in the 1600s.

In conclusion, actions of KKK was more important than the Monkey Trial, as actions of KKK have influenced various factors, such as the social side and political side, an increased number of casualties by lynching or members being on political important positions can suggest, while the Monkey Trial was effective only in few areas, which are introduction of the new theory of evolution and importance of education.

CELEBRATING 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF KOREAN INDEPENDENCE DAY, ‘SAMILJEOL’ BONNIE HYUN YEAR 11, GEOMUN The Anniversary of Korean Independence Day is a national holiday commemorating the thousands of brave revolutionaries who dared to defy Japanese military rule in 1919. This Independence Movement Day is also known as ‘Samiljeol’, the meaning of which can be divided into three-part, ‘sam’ meaning “three” while ‘il’ meaning “one” and ‘jeol’ meaning “festival day.”

Therefore, the word literally translates to “3/1 day.” This is because the actual Korean independence movement started on the 1st of March of 1919.

D u r i n g t h e v iole n t colo n i s a t io n , countless Korean people without weapons but holding only handmade Korean flags in their hands came out on the street and shouted for their i n d e p e n d e n c e a n d t h e c o u n t r y ’s freedom. Not surprisingly, Japanese soldiers supressed the movement, where over 7,500 people were killed and 16,000 injured mercilessly, killing over 7,500 people and injured 16,000, who walked forward shouting for their independence mercilessly.

To celebrate the 100th anniversary and honor those passionate Koreans, the commemoration took place at the Seodaemun Prison, where thousands of patriotic martyrs and movement followers were tortured and executed in Seoul on March 1st of 2019. In our school, the Korean department led the event, where all the students drew and made Korean flags in their lessons. And when the head boy and girl read out the

A NATION THAT FORGETS ITS PAST HAS NO FUTURE. Declaration of Independence speech, they were asked to come out of their classrooms, shouting out ‘Hooray for the independence of Korea’ three times.

Also, the Korean government put an emphasis on honoring the people who made the movement possible, where President Moon visited the graves of patriotic martyrs and decided this week to honor freedom fighter Yu Gwan Soon, with the country’s highest medal of honor, the Republic of Korea Medal. She was one of the significant figures of the Independence movement as she attended to lead the main movement when she was only 16 years old. She continued to support protests by secretly distributing copies of the Proclamation of Independence and homemade Korean flags, but was

arrested for these acts, and died while being tortured in the prison at the age of 17. Furthermore, the theme, “Let’s Open Another 100 Years Together,” was introduced, which is a clear reference to the work of President Moon to engage with North Korea. He stated at a Cabinet meeting that, “We are no longer in the periphery of history. I hope we will open a new era with pride and confidence that the strength to decide and open the next 100 years rests in us.”

Now, 100 years later, the Korean Peninsula has undergone sweeping changes that those protesters could never have foreseen – independence and war involving separation and recovery, with one side of the peninsula rising rapidly out of poverty to become one of the largest economies in the world.

Winter Solstice ALEXIS PI YEAR 9, MULCHAT ABOUT THE WINTER SOLSTICE Winter solstice, also known as midwinter, marks the shortest day and longest night of the year. It usually occurs in December in the Northern hemisphere and in June in the Southern hemisphere. It is significant in many cultures around the world for the fact that it symbolises the rebirth of the Sun or life itself. Many mythologies and cultural traditions have derived from this meaningful day and have led to it being celebrated through various festivals, feasts, and rituals around diverse communities.

HISTORY BEHIND THE SOLSTICE The winter solstice has been celebrated for centuries, the first recorded one dating back to 1475.

Without a universal measurement to keep track of days and months, people began looking up at the sky for the Sun, the moon, and the constellations to recognise what time of the day it was and to keep track of the changing seasons.

Historians have suggested that even prehistoric humans may have observed the winter solstices by the end of the stone era in around 10,200 BC. Neolithic monuments around Europe such as Maeshowe in Scotland and Newgrange in Ireland give evidence to some archaeologists’ theory that these tomb-like structures may have been served for religious or ritualistic services in honour of the year’s shortest day and the return of the Sun. To the people during this period, sunlight would have been crucial as it allowed them to see, keep them warm, and grow crops. Winters were feared as it would

mean that the days grew shorter and colder everyday and people longed for the return of warmer days in hopes of fertility and growth.

Listed among one of the seven wonders of the world, Stonehenge is comprised of a circle of stones that are miraculously aligned directly in position to the winter solstice sunset and the movement of the sun all year round.

Although still remained a mystery, a popular theory is that this would have been built for the purpose of celebration of the return of light and warmth.

Europe and the Western society, due to the vast influence of the ancient Roman empire, it also has deep roots in various countries in Asia, such as Korea, Taiwan, and China, as well as countries in Africa.

DONG ZHI In China and East Asia, Dong Zhi is a popular traditional holiday that marks the beginning of winter and a time of rebirth and positivity. During this holiday, families get back together to prepare and eat meals together as a sign of reunion and unity. Although the most famous food for the winter solstice celebrations in China is dumplings, many families in China and even Taiwan also eat tang yuan, which is a type of glutinous rice ball served in a sweet soup, as it closely resembles the shape of the full moon that is seen on that night. An interesting custom in Taiwan is that lots of fatty or meaty tonic foods are eaten to uplift the spirits for the upcoming winter season and nourish the body to prepare for the cold, bitter nights. Some of these foods include abalone, chicken, pork, and hot pots with various nutritional ingredients.

Koreans also celebrate Dong Zhi by eating patjuk, a red bean porridge, with saealshim, rice flour dumplings known as little bird eggs due to their cute egglike shape.

ASTRONOMICAL VALUE Although being known widely just for the length of its day, the winter solstice holds a significant astronomical value in the sense that it is a very rare geographical phenomenon. It is one of the two occasions the Sun appears to stand still, aligned to the Earth’s tilted axis on the Northernmost point of the equator. The other one, the summer solstice, marks the beginning of Summer as its name suggests. As the Sun continues its Northwards course along the Tropic of Capricorn, the days begin to get longer and the Sun begins to shine brighter. This symbolises vitality and rebirth, new beginnings, faith, hope, and positivity. Ancient zodiacs were also created to celebrate these meanings and to cherish the beginning of a new season.

SATURNALIA Saturnalia, a holiday that has W I N T E R S O L S T I C E F E S T I VA L S originated from ancient Rome, is a AROUND THE WORLD festival derived from the means to The Winter solstice is a popular celebrate agricultural rituals that are holiday that originates from diverse held during the winter solstice, the cultures around the world. Not only 17th of December to the 24th. The has it been celebrated for centuries in reason for this celebrating was due to

marking the end of the planting season and the abundance of food that they had harvested all year long. It is also known to be devoted to the honoring of the god of agriculture, Saturn, hence the name Saturnalia. While Saturnalia was an immensely popular, culturally infused Roman tradition that even the most basic routines such as schools, courts, and works were halted for a day in ancient times, it is still an integral part of Western culture and a favoured method of celebrating mid-winter.

Although less widely known nowadays, people see it as a family-friendly occasion which they celebrate by having a large feast and exchanging gifts and meaningful cards with close ones.

YULE SEASON The Yule season is a festival season that derives from the Germanic people.

The tradition of celebrating this special occasion has influenced many of the present day customs and traditions that can be seen during Christmas time today, meaning that Christians closely link the birth of Christ during this specific time of the year as Yule is also about celebrating the birth of the Sun god. Both seasonal holidays signify rebirth and vitality and have led on to popular traditions such as lighting candles around the house, holding a feast, making Yule wreaths, and burning the Yule log. Yule logs are a very traditional part of the celebration and involves burning a large piece of wood throughout the festive season as a meaning of revitalisation and resurrection.

WHEN IS THE WINTER SOLSTICE IN 2019?

The winter solstice will occur on the 22nd of December, 2019. The Anniversary of Korean Independence Day is a national holiday commemorating the thousands of brave revolutionaries who dared to defy Japanese military rule in 1919. This Independence Movement Day is also known as ‘Samiljeol’, the meaning of which can be divided into three-part, ‘sam’ meaning “three” while ‘il’ meaning “one” and ‘jeol’ meaning “festival day.”

Therefore, the word literally translates to “3/1 day.” This is because the actual Korean independence movement started on the 1st of March of 1919.

D u r i n g t h e v iole n t colo n i s a t io n , countless Korean people without weapons but holding only handmade Korean flags in their hands came out on the street and shouted for their i n d e p e n d e n c e a n d t h e c o u n t r y ’s freedom. Not surprisingly, Japanese soldiers supressed the movement, where over 7,500 people were killed and 16,000 injured mercilessly, killing over 7,500 people and injured 16,000, who walked forward shouting for their independence mercilessly.

To celebrate the 100th anniversary and honor those passionate Koreans, the commemoration took place at the Seodaemun Prison, where thousands of patriotic martyrs and movement followers were tortured and executed in Seoul on March 1st of 2019. In our school, the Korean department led the event, where all the students drew and made Korean flags in their lessons. And when the head boy and girl read out the

Declaration of Independence speech, they were asked to come out of their classrooms, shouting out ‘Hooray for the independence of Korea’ three times.

Also, the Korean government put an emphasis on honoring the people who made the movement possible, where President Moon visited the graves of patriotic martyrs and decided this week to honor freedom fighter Yu Gwan Soon, with the country’s highest medal of honor, the Republic of Korea Medal. She was one of the significant figures of the Independence movement as she attended to lead the main movement when she was only 16 years old. She continued to support protests by secretly distributing copies of the Proclamation of Independence and homemade Korean flags, but was arrested for these acts, and died while being tortured in the prison at the age of 17. Furthermore, the theme, “Let’s Open Another 100 Years Together,” was introduced, which is a clear reference to the work of President Moon to engage with North Korea. He stated at a Cabinet meeting that, “We are no longer in the periphery of history. I hope we will open a new era with pride and confidence that the strength to decide and open the next 100 years rests in us.”

Now, 100 years later, the Korean Peninsula has undergone sweeping changes that those protesters could never have foreseen – independence and war involving separation and recovery, with one side of the peninsula rising rapidly out of poverty to become one of the largest economies in the world.

GRAND BLESS FOR THE RESURRECTION A N D S A LVAT I O N !

SEUNGHO HAM Y11, GEOMUN

Every April, lots of people experience a grand and huge celebration with some eggs. These celebrations are for the resurrection of Jesus, which is celebrated on the second or third Sunday in April. They are called as ‘Easter’, and Easter celebration is a very traditional and huge event in Catholic and Reformed Church.

Easter celebration is a very deep, traditional and historic event since this event not only celebrates the resurrection of Jesus but also honours the salvation of mankind from the endless abyss of sin and evil. Historically, Easter’s origin clearly appears in the Holy Bible. I Corinthians 15:17, the writer of the Corinthians, Paul demonstrates Easter as: “And if Christ has not been raised, your faith is futile; you are still in your sins.” to adorn Jesus and admire his sacred sacrifice. Paul’s illustration let us realize that Easter was a historic event that honours Jesus Christ.

Moreover, Easter also symbolizes the salvation of human beings from sin and evil. This is because Jesus’s sacrifice symbolizes the forgiveness and purification of sins from mankind. There are numerous sentences, blessings and descriptions of Jesus as a saviour of all of

mankind in the Holy Bible. For instance, in John 13:34 and 35, John illustrates “A new command I give you: Love one another. As I have loved you, so you must love one another. By this everyone will know that you are my disciples if you love one another.” Therefore, the fact that Jesus Christ isthe one and only saviour of mankind has been demonstrated by the Holy Bible.For the proclamation of this important event, certain denominations of Christianity observe this event with huge events worldwide. The most famous event is held in Jerusalem.

On the dawn of the Easter, Jerusalem held an event “The torch of resurrection”. “The torch of resurrection” is processed with the ‘holy fire’, which automatically ignites when the leader of the church prays inside the Basilica of the Holy Sepulchre. This miracle is the main reason that this event is highlighted in Easter, and huge amounts of people come to get a torch from this ‘holy fire’.

Another huge and worldwide event revolves around Eggs. Eggs symbolize the resurrection itself, and many countries and churches have their own special events with eggs. These eggs are called ‘Easter Eggs’. Recently, European and American countries are giving chocolate eggs instead of real eggs, or they share chocolate rabbits which are derived from German tradition. According to this German tradition, chocolate rabbits spectate actions from children in Easter.

DAY OF THE DEAD SHINE RYU, Y10, NORO

The Day of the Dead, also called el Día de los Muertos, is a Mexican holiday where families welcome back the souls of their deceased relatives and help support their spiritual journey. In Mexican culture, death is viewed as a natural part of the human cycle. Mexicans treat this holiday as a day of celebration, not as a day of sadness.

The Day of the Dead comes from the origin of the rituals honoring the dead in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica. Upon dying, a person was believed to travel to Chicunamictlán, the Land of the Dead. Only after getting through nine challenging levels, a journey of several years, could the person’s soul finally reach Mictlán, the final resting place. In Nahua rituals honoring the dead, traditionally held in August, family members provided food, water and tools to aid the deceased in this difficult journey.

This inspired the contemporary Day of the Dead practice in which people leave food or other offerings on their loved ones’ graves.

El Día de los Muertos is not a Mexican version of Halloween, as it is com-

monly thought. However, the two holidays do share some traditions, including costumes and parades. On the Day of the Dead, it is believed that the border between the spirit world and the real world dissolve. During this brief period, the souls of the dead awaken and return to the living world to feast, drink, dance and play music with their loved ones. In turn, the living family members treat the deceased as honoured guests in their celebrations, and leave the deceased’s favorite foods and other offerings at grave sides or on the verandas built in their homes.

The most prominent symbols related to the Day of the Dead are skeletons and skulls. In the early 19th century, the printer and cartoonist José Guadalupe Posada envisioned Mictecacíhuatl, the Aztec goddess of the underworld, as a female skeleton known as La Calavera Catrina, now the most recognizable Day of the Dead icon.

During contemporary Day of the Dead festivities, people commonly wear skull masks and eat sugar candy molded into the shape of skulls. The pan de

ánimas of All Souls Day rituals in Spain is reflected in pan de muerto, the traditional sweet baked good of Day of the Dead celebrations today. Other food and drink associated with the holiday, but consumed year-round as well, include spicy dark chocolate and the corn-based liquor atole.

The Mexican Day of the Dead celebration is similar to other societies’ observances of a time to honour the dead. The Spanish tradition known as ‘All Saints Day’ is celebrated in similar ways, for instance they celebrate with festivals and parades, as well as gatherings of families at cemeteries to pray for their deceased loved ones at the end of the day.

Many confuse the Day of the Dead with other celebrations such as Halloween. However, the Day of the Dead is meant for creating a pathway for the ancestors of the Mexicans to go to the land of the dead, unlike Halloween which is a commercialised celebration of the eve of the following day, the day of All Hallows or All Saints Day.

“CHEERS!”

TEACHER’S DAY !

DONGUK KIM, Y11, SARAH

We all know that our teachers play a great and most important role in our lives. They help us in improving our knowledge, skill level, confidence and even to build a proper mindset. Therefore, we need to take responsibility to thank our kindest teachers. We all as obedient students need to welcome and say to them wishful thanks for their selfless service of teaching all through the life as well as shaping the lives of various students. Teacher’s day (which is celebrated once a year on the 5th of May) is a great chance for us to spend a day for them and say thanks.

BOXING DAY

CHLOE SHIN, Y12, HALLA When people think of holidays in December, they tend to think of Christmas and New Year’s Eve for the most part. Boxing Day is also a popular holiday in December, falling on the 26th of December, and usually people recognise it as the holiday just after Christmas. Alike to Christmas, Boxing Day is celebrated in various countries, including the United Kingdom. However, it also has several different names in other different countries.

One such ‘alternative’ Boxing Day name is St. Stephen’s Day. Celebrated in many European countries such as Italy, Ireland, Finland, in addition to Alsace and Moselle in France, St. Stephen is recognised as the first person to be a Christian martyr and the day is to commemorate him. In Italy, there is the oldest and longest carnival in Europe on St. Stephen’s Day. This carnival originated from the relics of St. Stephen being removed from the repository in the Castle of Monopoli. This happened on 26th December 1394, for the purpose of protecting the relics from a Saracen attack. The relics were transferred to Putignano, a town in the province of Bari, for safe-keeping. When the relics successfully arrived in Putignano townsfolk were attracted to the banner of the Knights guarding the wagon.

They were happy to be chosen to care for the relics. On its arrival in the town, the crowd dusted their face with Farinella, a mixture of ground chickpeas and barley, to exhibit purity. This eventually became the carnival starting on St. Stephen’s Day, beginning with poetry spoken to replicate the original Mass.

Another name for St. Stephen’s Day is Wren Day. It is also known as Day of the Wren or Hunt the Wren Day. The best known thing about Wren Day is it’s tradition, which is “hunting” a fake wren, the small short-winged songbird, and putting it on the top of a decorated pole. The mummers, the actors in a traditional masked mime, hunt an actual bird for a parade. During the mummers’ parade, they often give out feathers to the people, from the bird to patrons, wishing luck. The Wren’s Day celebration began hundreds of years ago. One explanation states that when St. Stephen was hiding from his enemies he was near a wren. The enemies could find where he was by the chirping sound of the wren. The wren had to be captured and stoned to death just as St. Stephen was stoned to death.

These days, the musicians sing the wren song and receive money, food or drink. They give the money to charity but usually find room for the food and drink despite a large meal the previous day! One version of the wren song found in an old Irish tale sung by musicians travelling from house to house to search for the wren goes like this: ‘The wren, the wren, the king of all birds, On St. Stephen’s Day he was caught in the furze; Although he was little his honour was great, Jump up me lads and give him a treat.’

A very broad pronunciation of treat, an elongated ea, makes it rhyme with great!

PEPERO DAY : FROM SIGN OF LOVE TO DECEPTION, IGNORANCE, AND CONFLICT SUA YOO, Y9, MULCHAT

On November 11th in South Korea, we could easily spot people crowded inside any convenience store in order to purchase a ‘special biscuit’. The sight of the stores, overly decorated with elaborate marketing signs and slogans, selling immense packages with large sales, are also commonly seen. Of course, this is because the day is specially celebrated as the ‘Pepero Day’, which is a day named after a biscuit coated with chocolate.

There is a reason why the Pepero day is on November 11th: the four 1s (11/11) resemble the shape of Pepero sticks. Indeed, it is one of the most popular holidays for Korean youths. This day has gained much importance and is also a meaningful opportunity for lovers to propose. Yet, there is another aspect to consider.

Yes, Pepero day is extremely ingrained among a vast proportion of Korean teenagers and young adults.

Nevertheless, this does not suggest that it should continuously gain importance and keep more significant celebrations under the veil. Nor should it make the

nation’s customers naive and innocent, unaware of the marketing strategies of the companies that are deceiving them.

Once the grim reality is uncovered, it should be thoroughly reconsidered whether Pepero day is truly worthy of celebration.

It seems no one would be harmed by simply selling some Pepero gifts on this special day. However, beneath the glamorous packages and decorations, there lies the malicious strategies of the companies that are strictly profit-organized. By celebrating the day, people are reminded to buy a pepero at the end of the day for their own special treat. Along with the peer pressure of everyone else purchasing loads of peperos and desire to appeal to whom they love, many people have begun to buy a greater number of peperos in just one day. When the decorations, huge packages, and sales are added on, customers are provoked to buy even more at once. This leaves with a massive profit to the stores and sweet companies. According to the Korea Economic Daily, the income of the convenience stores rose 30% on Pepero

day compared to what is sold normally.

In addition, CU, a popular convenience store in South Korea, reported that 27.1% of its Pepero sells occurred in just three days around Pepero day (November 10th - November 12th). Therefore, the companies take away the money from customers, taking advantage of the Pepero day.

Some people question: isn’t it a winwin strategy to both companies and customers if the former earn much money and the latter can have the Pepero? This is not so when we compare the inequality of the benefit. All customers can get from purchasing is a simplistic joy from eating and sharing some peperos, and perhaps getting proposed. On the other hand, the companies can take away immense profit which is used to develop their companies even more. This is definitely an unbalance in economic aspects and distributes the power to the companies, not the customers. Not only that, companies sometimes even raise the price of Peperos abnormally, saying it is specially designed for Pepero day. The customers would still have to buy the pepero, regardless of the price, to give it to their friends and lovers. Thus, it is not an exaggeration to say that the Pepe-

ro day causes the companies to deceive customers. Why allow this substantial amount of money to be used on pointless satisfaction when it could be spent on many meaningful events? It is an undeniable fact that Pepero day leads us to become gullible customers and ends up leaving enormous profit to the sweet companies.

The immense celebration of Pepero day also causes a negative impact on making people forget about more important events. In many Western cultures, November 11th is known as the Remembrance Day, which is a day when the First World War had ended. In these societies, people often remember the people killed as a result of the war and celebrate the end of the bloodshed.

However, many Koreans seem to be unaware of this day; instead, they remember it only as Pepero day. It should be noted that the same day is also Farmer’s day, also known as the ‘Garaetteok(rice cake) Day’ in South Korea. Like the previous example, many Koreans tend to forget about this day, and only a few elderly people celebrate it. When this fact is considered again, it is hard to believe, almost ridiculous in a way, that a celebration of a biscuit has overwhelmed people and gained more significance than the day the First World War ended or the celebration of farmers. Although

Pepero day is one of many days in a year, the ignorance of other important holidays could result in closed-mindedness of Korean youth and even prevent globalization. In summary, many important days are hidden behind the shadow of Pepero day, which only allows Pepero day to shine and prevents Korean people from being aware of them.

Although Pepero day was made in order to cheer up youth, its significance is overly large that it leads to unfair comparison and emotional problems among them. The culture of offering some pepero as a sign of love or friendship has turned into pressure, depression and anger to those who do not seem to enjoy the day as much as others. To take a case, the variety of the number of pepero gifts people receive leads to comparison and depression. People who do not receive gifts on Pepero day could feel excluded, discouraged, or even furious, which might lead to emotional conflicts.

It is common for friends and lovers to be separated when Pepero presents are not given, when it is considered as a matter of course. In fact, this culture assured that friendship and love are equal to the number of pepero gifts people give.

In other words, people are pressurised to buy an immense amount of Pepero presents on Pepero day to prevent rejection from their friends and lovers. In some extreme occasions, people suicide

or even murder others. For instance, according to SBS news, a woman was murdered by her boyfriend, simply because she failed to give him a pepero on Pepero day. The cause of this tragic event is extremely petty and ridiculous, yet this is what could happen on Pepero day regardless of its incentive. Thus, the responsibility for emotional conflicts is not at the foot of Korean youth but at Pepero day itself. Consequently, extreme emotions and their aftermath are definite harms that Pepero day brings.

While pepero is sweet, the bitterness of reality is hidden behind its gorgeously decorated package. As people dash toward the convenience store and exchange pepero gifts, they fall more deeply into the treachery of the companies, worsening conflicts and important events fading away. Pepero day is one of the holidays that has a positive motive, but also has a negative effect due to excessive celebration. Therefore, people must attempt to rely less on pepero presents and increase the awareness of other events on the same day. Although pepero day fails to achieve its purpose, it is hoped that alteration in people’s mindset will make Pepero day an event which restores happiness and relationships between Korean youths.

APRIL FOOL’S DAY

BY IAN JUNG YEAR 8, JEOJI

One day you go to school as usual and you notice someone keeps pranking you. If you are clever enough you will soon find out it is April the first. Why do people prank each other and how did the April the first become April Fool’s Day? April fool’s day is known to have originated in France. There are many guesses of the origin of April Fool’s day, but the most famously known origin is that, in the medieval times people used to celebrate the new year on Easter day until 1564, when Charles IX of France finally declared that the new year should be on the first of January. However, people who did not hear about this news and still celebrated the new year on the first of April, in the middle of the spring, were laughed at and had tricks played on them. Thus, April Fool’s Day was created.

Nowadays, people make some impressive jokes on April Fool’s Day. There are many examples of April Fool’s Day pranks. For instance, BBC reported a fake harvest of spaghetti from the trees in 1957, which was obviously fake news. Also, in 1998, a famous burger brand, Burger King had announced that they made a left-handed burger, claiming that the original burgers were for right-handed people. People believed this hoax, and on the following day, people ordered their burgers as left-handed as opposed to right-handed.

This year’s April fool’s day has already passed, but there is another chance next year, therefore, prepare well for your prank and have a fun April fool’s day!

STRANGEST CELEBRATIONS EILEEN KWAK YEAR 11, GEOMUN

There is an uncountable number of different kinds of celebrations across the world. Some of them are significantly popular; some are not. Among the less familiar celebrations, there are exceptionally bizarre ones which people are less familiar with. This article will introduce three of those strangest celebrations: Night of the Radishes, Boryeong Mud Festival and La Tomatina.

Night of the Radishes One of the most bizarre celebrations in the world is the ‘Night of the Radishes’, also known as ‘La Noche de Rábanos’. Night of the Radishes is a carving competition amongst sculpture artists in Oaxaca, Mexico and happens on the 23rd of December. The competition originated with market vendors trying to attract more shoppers by sculpting vegetables. Their attempts were successful and brought more customers, and the idea of decorating vegetables spread, eventually becoming a widespread tradition in Oaxaca. In 1897, this tradition was made an official celebration: Night of the Radishes. The radishes used in the competition are not supposed to be eaten, and competitors are only allowed to use vegetables grown by the government to ensure a fair competition. The competitors are allowed to make any sculpture they favour; they sculpt families, architectures, plants and animals. The festival starts in the morning as the competitors begin sculpting radishes. People are free to watch the artists sculpting at any time they want, but the majority of spectators prefer going to the festival at night to see the finished artworks. “I was absolutely blown away by the popularity of this festival,” wrote Becky Kirts, a visitor to Night of the Radishes. “Young and old waiting in line for hours on end to look at carved radishes. By 4 pm, the lines were literally miles long.”

Boryeong Mud Festival There is a peculiar celebration in South Korea as well, which must be familiar to most Koreans. This celebration is the ‘Boryeong Mud Festival’, called ‘보령 머드 축제’ in Korean. Boryeong Mud Festival is a festival in Boryeong, South Korea and it is one of South Korea’s largest celebrations. It takes place sometime in summer and lasts for approximately two weeks; the exact dates change every year. The first mud festival was held in 1998 as a small local fair with the intention of promoting Boryeong Mud Cosmetics. In the following years, the festival expanded its size and attracted more and more visitors and, eventually, grew into an international event. This festival attracts the largest number of international visitors among all events in South Korea. In 2007, the Boryeong Mud Festival engaged more than 2 million tourists. The festival is very simple: people get covered with mud and enjoy mud-related activities.

Mud swimming, mud wrestling, mud massage and mud sliding are the most popular activities. Other than these activities, there are firework displays and appealing performances going on during the night.

La Tomatina One another peculiar celebration in the world is ‘La Tomatina’, the world’s largest food fight festival that only uses tomatoes. La Tomatina occurs on every last Wednesday of August, during a

week of festivities in Buñol, Valencia, Spain. It is a simple festival which people throw tomatoes at each other in the streets. The tomato fight usually lasts for about an hour, and the town square is covered with tomato debris after the fight. The tomatoes used in the festival are brought from Extremadura, a place where tomatoes are less expensive.

Participants have to squash tomatoes before throwing it to prevent injuries.

After the event, fire trucks are used to clean the streets by spraying water. La Tomatina began in 1945; surprisingly, it was a group of boys who initiated the festival. The boys were hanging out to see the festival with the massive parade.

While those boys were engaging with the musicians and the participants, they accidentally attacked a participant; the participant got furious and began to make a mess of everything in sight.

Other bystanders got into this fight, and they grabbed tomatoes from vegetable stands and threw them to one another.

This chaos finally stopped when the police arrived and ended the vegetable battle. The following year, the boys and some other young people got together and had another tomato fight, yet this quarrel was broken up again by the police force. Although every battle was suspended by the police word about the activity spread and more and more people joined in. Participants argued and protested in favour of the activity being authorized. Eventually, the battle was accepted and established as an official holiday, the Tomatina. There are other

similar festivals that are motivated by La Tomatina around the world. One example of this is the ‘Colorado Texas Tomato War’, a festival that began in a town named Twin Lakes in 1982.

Other than these three peculiar celebrations, Night of the Radishes, Boryeong Mud Festival and La Tomatina, there will be more queer celebrations hidden around the world. All of these celebrations have or had a specific intention and they are now a part of a tradition for their country. It would be entertaining to research and find out about some other bizarre celebrations.

DA VINCI, ONE OF THE GREAT INVENTORS

BY ANDREW SONG YEAR 11, NORO

This year is the 500th anniversary of the death of the most famous painter, scientist, and mechanist of all time, Leonardo Da Vinci. I could almost say that there is literally nobody that has not heard of this name; this is how famous he is. His fame gained during his life was certainly a unique one, judging by the fact that it has not yet dimmed from any point of view. I, being interested in flight, was intrigued by his studies on flight, mainly based on gliding, rather than flying.

His work was inspiring in many ways. If we look at his work through his drawings, we can see that his descriptions and sketches of the ‘flying machines’ that he made are very accurate, and that models of these inventions still work perfectly today. His inventions were clearly inspired by the flight of winged animals, which da Vinci hoped to replicate. In reality, his notes mention bats, kites and birds as sources of inspiration for his inventions. However, while he succeeded in gliding, it was not until 1903 that the title of ‘first flight’ was the result of the Wright Brothers.

In this essay, I would like to address the idea of why his inventions didn’t work, and the actual reasons for this.

The inventions that Leonardo Da Vinci made were mostly derived from the birds that he had dissected, starting from the bone structure to the location of the wings. This is shown by the picture on the right, where the wings are set at an angle, replicating most birds.

This was one of the biggest mistakes that

Leonardo Da Vinci made in his scientific investigations, where the wings of birds can fold and change their angle, while his ‘flying machines’ lacked these features.

Starting from the start of his artistic career, his first work was derived from the shape of a helicopter, where the blades were shaped in the form of a screw. This invention helped develop his idea for ‘gliding’, and also has meaning in the way that it was the first ever ‘plane’ that had ever been modeled. This plane model represents the ideas of Leonardo Da Vinci to us through the way that he demonstrated his ideas through his detailed drawings of his ideas. These show a very high quality where all of its features are shown by its detailed motor diagrams.

Additionally, the inspiration of the bat can be said shines through the most, as the two wings of the device feature pointed ends commonly associated with the winged creature. Leonardo da Vinci’s flying machine had a wingspan that exceeded 33 feet, and the frame was to be made of pine covered in raw silk to create a light but sturdy membrane.

The pilot would lie face down in the center of the invention on a board. To power the wings, the pilot would pedal a crank connected to a rod-and-pulley system. The machine also had a hand crank for increased energy output, and a head piece for steering. As the busy pilot spins cranks with his hands and feet, the wings of the machine flap.

The inspiration of nature in the inven-

tion is apparent in the way the wings were designed to twist as they flapped.

Unfortunately, as da Vinci himself might have realized, while the flying machine may have flown once it was in the air, a person could never have created enough power to get the device off the ground.

There are a lot of Da Vinci’s designs that are still out there in the world, which people have all had a look at.

These designs help hold his reputation as a skilled mechanic, among his diverse talents. We should celebrate his imagination even if it was about 400 years later that man really flew.

TO WHAT EXTENT IS THE

PRIDE PARADE ECONOMICALLY BENEFICIAL?

BY WARRICK KWON YEAR 9, NORO

Love is love.

Regardless of who you love, love is love and humanity has an absolute responsibility to respect and protect the lovers. It is illegitimate to discriminate others simply because they are different from others. This has been the fundamental notion of the Pride movement over several decades. The Pride movement is one of the world’s largest LGBT movements of all time. However, in the beginning, it was simply a minor movement which derived from a minor riot in a gay club in New York in 1969.

Since then, the movement grew rapidly and the LGBT community is currently at the centre of the spotlight of such social activist movements.

Consequently, Pride movements have grown to an extent where many companies and groups support and sponsor the movement. Due to this, the Pride movement is now more focused on its celebration matters compared to the past in which Pride movements were simply protests and sometimes went aggressive. Thus, the Pride movement, which originated from the Stonewall Riots, is now more widely known as the Pride Parade. The parade is celebrated not only by LGBT communities, but also by people outside the community.

People gather around the streets and hold their posters and banners peacefully. Not only peaceful protests, Pride Parades consist of performances, advertisements and speeches. Such non-violent movements improved sentiments regarding LGBTQ communities, but there also lies criticism that the prem-

ise of the original LGBT movement has been distorted. Critics claim that the companies sponsoring such movements shape the events of the Pride movement, skewing its fundamental purpose. Consequently, some argue that companies should not be sponsoring Pride Parades at all. This is where the article comes in place: is the Pride Parade economically beneficial? Of course, such criticism cannot be justified based on the economic outcomes of sponsorship. However, the facet of the article is based on if companies can make a significant economic gain to the economy or the community, the unilateral claims which the critics are exhorting should be reconsidered.

Now let this article explains why it is economically beneficial for companies to sponsor Pride Parades. The layer of the argument is categorised into microscopic or macroscopic levels.

First, the micro levels, which focuses on the individual economic gain of the company. If companies sponsor such social movements, the company can improve its refutation that it is advocating social diversity and respecting minorities. Acts of corporate activism are proven to be highly beneficial and favourable for the company image. We do not live in the eighteenth century in which people justified the means through consequences no matter its brutality. The era in which we live in is a century where every individual corporation has to lure its customers, using any means possible.

Such means include sponsoring positive social activist movements to improve corporate image. For instance, it

is observed that funding these minority groups create a sentiment that companies are on the sides of minorities. Conceptual consumers and LGBT consumers will become loyal customers of the company which can increase their profit. For instance, when Abercrombie was reported of obtaining racist and lookist notions among their senior staff and deliberately hired models based on racial, sexual and lookist stereotypes, consumers imposed boycotts and refused to purchase from Abercrombie. This clearly shows the significance of company imaging. Additionally, if companies are sponsoring LGBT protests, it can increase public exposure of their companies. If there are advertisements and products all around the protest, consumers are going to be more exposed to the company’s products. This is a good chance of advertisement and companies can directly interact with consumers who participate in these events. Increased interaction and communication will be positive for the company since consumers will be able to remember the company better than other companies.

Lastly, these events involve a lot of economic activities. Participants consume beverages, flags and souvenirs while the event is taking place. Hosting these events and gaining monopoly regarding the sale of products within the event will enable companies with huge amounts of profit. These are the reasons why sponsoring LGBT movements is a win-win game. Finally, corporate sponsorship can increase capital support for minority groups. In the status quo, minorities lack capital to foster social movements

to bring about a social change. Therefore, the amount of protest participation and frequency are highly irregular which makes these movements unorganised and inconsistent. Furthermore, for these minorities to hold protests, they need places to hold such events, flags and many more products. If corporations are sponsoring these protests and fund necessary material and places for holding the protest, minorities are going to be able to hold protests more frequently due to increased financial capability. Ultimately, more exposure leads to more public exposure.

Second, the macro levels, which focuses on the whole economic gain of the region where the pride parade is held. The direct cause of this is because whilst the pride parade is taking place, the population increases temporarily inside the area. Therefore, this means that more people are going to be consuming inside the area. Hence, demand for goods will eventually increase encouraging the flow of goods and economic activity within the area.In the nutshell, due to such parades, the region will earn more capital by increased economic activity. However, it is common sense that such benefits will increase when the scale of the event increases. Let me explain why with the involvement of the private sector sponsoring such parades increase the magnitude of the event.

Companies are going to advertise these events since if more people participate in these events and purchase more, they are going to be more exposed and gain more profit. That is why the more the companies sponsor LGBT movements,

these movements can be more exposed to the general public. For instance, when Adidas sponsored the Pride Parade and advertised its new line of sneakers specifically designed for the Pride Parade, not only did this advertise its new sneakers, but it also acknowledged individuals about LGBT movements who previously did not know about the Pride Parade. This endorsed individuals since even though they weren’t interested in the LGBT movement, people who are interested in Adidas were exposed of such social movements.

These are an extremely minute portion of all the economic benefits the Pride parade can bring about thanks to corporate sponsorship. However, there are existing concerns regarding the intervention of companies in a social movement since it has caused such commercialisation of the parade. Also, people claim that the initial purposes have been distorted and the movement. There are backlashes of such movements, but it is certain that corporate sponsorship is beneficial to both sponsors, minority groups and participants of the Pride Parade.

HANUKKAH Hanukkah

JENNA JEONGWON YU, Y13, HE

Hanukkah is a Jewish holiday that lasts for eight nights and days. It starts on the 25th of Kislev, which is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. Therefore, the celebration takes place anytime from late November to late December.

This year, it starts after sunset on 22th of December and ends at nightfall 30th of December.

The Hanukkah celebration revolves around the kindling of a nine-branched menorah, known in Hebrew as the hanukiah. On each of the holiday’s eight nights, another candle is added to the menorah after sundown; the ninth candle called the shamash (“helper”), is used to light the others. Jews typically recite blessings during this ritual and display the menorah prominently in a window as a reminder to others of the miracle that inspired the holiday.

In the second century BCE, the Holy Land was ruled by the Seleucids (Syrian-Greeks), who tried to force the people of Israel to accept Greek culture and beliefs instead of mitzvah observance and belief in God. Against all odds, a small band of faithful but poorly armed Jews, led by Judah the Maccabee, defeated one of the mightiest armies on earth, drove the Greeks from the land, reclaimed the Holy Temple in Jerusalem and rededicated it to the service of God. When they sought to light the Temple’s Menorah (the seven-branched candelabrum), they found only a single cruse of olive oil that had escaped contamination by the Greeks. Miraculously, they lit the menorah and the one-day supply of oil lasted for eight days until new oil could be prepared under conditions of ritual purity. To commemorate and publicize

these miracles, the sages instituted the festival of Chanukah.

In another allusion to the Hanukkah miracle, traditional Hanukkah foods are fried in oil. Potato pancakes (known as latkes) and jam-filled donuts (sufganiyot) are particularly popular in many Jewish households. Other Hanukkah customs include playing with four-sided spinning tops called dreidels and exchanging gifts. In recent decades, particularly in North America, Hanukkah has exploded into a major commercial phenomenon, largely because it falls near or overlaps with Christmas. From a religious perspective, however, it remains a relatively minor holiday that places no restrictions on working, attending a school or other activities.

HOW DO PEOPLE IN VARIOUS NATIONS CELEBRATE CHRISTMAS? JUSTIN KIM YEAR 10, JEOJI America: In America, Christmas celebrations have an element of prechristian winter celebration customs - also known as Yule - which consists of decorating their homes, visiting family or friends and exchanging gifts.

Also, it is common to organize a special meal, often consisting of turkey and a lot of other festive foods, for family or friends and exchange gifts with them. In particular, children are given many gifts from the mythical figure ‘Santa Claus’ and their parents, leading the way to a more commercialised holiday than the traditional, more religion-based activities associated with Christmas. Furthermore, many Sunday schools, churches and communities organize special events. These can include decorating the neighborhood or a shopping mall, putting up a Christmas tree and planning a Nativity display, concert or performance.

Also, a lot of plays and songs have an aspect of Christmas as a theme.

Some groups arrange meals, shelter or charitable projects for people without a home or with very little money.

U K : I n t h e Un i t e d K i n g d o m , unlike their American counterparts west of the Atlantic, it is a much less commercialised event and families often celebrate their Christmases together in their houses with a Christmas tree. First popularised by the Hanoverian Prince Albert, who thought that it would be a marvellous addition to the celebrations in England, it quickly spread and along

with holly, mistletoe and ivy, are the main decorations visible at a house on Christmas day. On the other hand, like many other nations, Nativity plays portraying the birth of Jesus are commonplace throughout England, as well as the famed Christmas meal which often includes roasted turkey, roasted vegetables and the trimmings. In addition, there are other desserts made to celebrate Christmas - Christmas pudding, Trifle and the Christmas cake in all its sugary glory are just several of the most prominent examples of such.

Korea: Due to a larger Christian populace compared to other Asian nations - with Christians constituting of around 30% of the population it is celebrated more widely around the nation. Thus, Christmas is an official holiday; while they do have to return to work during Boxing Day, there is a longer break in the New Year. Furthermore, accompanying the celebrations, most churches install lights to celebrate the day, as well as having a service on Christmas Day something that is steadily becoming popularised even among the nonChristian portion of the population.

In addition, taking a chapter from the Americans, it is a quite commercialised holiday, with department stores lavishly setting up big displays of decorations and presents typically consisting of gifts or money. On the other hand, unlike the former two countries mentioned above, Nativity plays are not as mainstream

or commonplace during the holidays, nor do many Koreans decorate their homes with Christmas trees.

G e r m a ny : A l a r g e p a r t o f t h e Christmas celebrations in Germany is their use of the Advent Calendar boxes with mini ‘doors’ that state a date in anticipation of Christmas, and are opened once that date is reached, often containing poems, stories and small gifts. Also, as mentioned in the British celebrations above, Christmas trees are another important element of Christmas in Germany (Hannover is a region in Germany), with it first being used in the late Middle Ages and are traditionally brought into the house on Christmas Eve. In addition, once the trees are brought in, the gifts would traditionally also be exchanged on Christmas Eve as well. Furthermore, in some of the more religious regions of Germany, during the evening they would read out the Bible and sing songs such as ‘O Tannenbaum, Ihr Kinderlein Kommet’ and the very famous ‘Stille Nacht (Silent Night)’.

Another tradition is the well-known Christmas Markets where various foods and decorations are sold, with perhaps the glass ornaments being the most famous German ornament. Finally, in other regions of Germany, there is a Krampus accompanying Santa Claus in the Christmas parades - looking like a demon with its twin horns, dressed in rags and carrying chains - who is meant to scare the children into behaving well.

20TH ANNIVERSARY ALBUMS: ALBUMS RELEASED IN 1999 NATHAN HA YEAR 11, SARAH

1999 was a celebratory year in music; different artists from many different genres released albums that would define the upcoming decade, and they would influence the music industry to varying degrees; divergent genres and approaches taken by a large spectrum of different artists. Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera debuted at 1999 and were considered ‘rivals’ due to their overlapping images as teen-pop superstars. ‘...Baby One More Time’ figuratively changed music and music video history; the album became a classic which future disney ex-acts would reference to establish themselves.

Christina Aguilera showcased her vocal abilities and differentiated herself from other teenage pop-stars by showcasing herself with a mature, sensual R&B album. Other sub-genres such as Rock and Hip-Hop took a huge step abroad and became more mainstream with regards to the general public worldwide.

Eminem and Linkin Park released their debut albums, which were critically acclaimed for being ‘something new’ and ‘ambivalent from commercial music’, and spawned hit singles along with millions of records sold. Utada

Hikaru, a Japanese artist, released her debut album ‘First Love’, viewed as a substantial album which would record over 10 million sales and would come to be incorporated into, and greatly impact, the asian music industry.

Britney’s debut album, ‘...Baby One More Time’ was a cultural phenomenon; it is one of the biggest debuts of all time. ‘...Baby One More Time’ has sold over 30 million copies worldwide; and its legacy has been carried on by imitators who would directly copy Britney’s signature sound from the album. ‘...Baby One More Time’ was produced by Max Martin. Britney was firstly contracted to debut as a member of a girl band named ‘Innosense’. However, when Britney’s mother asked Larry Rudolph, the family’s entertainment lawyer, he decided that Britney was better off as a solo artist. This led to Britney’s multi-album deal with Jive Records and Britney worked with Max Martin (from MXM Studios) to release her first single, ‘...Baby One More Time’.

The single became a global success, reaching number one in every country it charted in, and has sold more than 10 million physical copies to date, making

it one of the best-selling singles of all time. The music video, featuring Spears dancing in a schoolgirl outfit, was voted the third most influential video in the history of pop music in a poll held

by Jam!. Upon release, ‘....Baby One More Time’ had sold over 14 million copies alone at the United States, and 25 million copies worldwide. While the public reception of the album was positive, critics were polarized, with some calling it ‘premature and silly’ and also generating acclaim. She earned two Grammy Award nominations for Best New Artists and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance for the album in 2000.

Marshall Mathers III, aka Eminem, released his first major-label debut album ‘The Slim Shady LP’ in 1999.

‘The Slim Shady LP’ was an album that helped to establish his alter ego, ‘Slim Shady’. Eminem had previously released ‘Infinite’ under an independent label; it had received little attention from publications and Eminem had decided to reinvent himself and create an alter ego that would lead him to gain more recognition. ‘The Slim Shady LP’ was recorded during 1996 and 1998

at Studio 8, and Dr. Dre was heavily involved with the general production and guidance throughout the whole project. Although Eminem was deprived and heavily suicidal due to his personal issues regarding drugs and alcohol, Dr. Dre encouraged him to ‘straightup’ and carried on with the production.

The lyrical content was mostly written from the perspective of Slim Shady, which depicted violence and heavy use of profanity. ‘The Slim Shady LP’ met both commercial and critical success; it was certified quadrupleplatinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. Worldwide, it has sold 18 million copies. ‘The Slim Shady LP’ was also praised by critics for its unique nature, and for its his capacity of limitless, expansive vocabulary and vivid imagination. The Rolling Stone Magazine ranked ‘The Slim Shady LP’ number 275 on its list of ‘The 500 Greatest Album of All Time’.

Although the ‘Slim Shady LP’ was a controversial subject for its provocative nature (for being homophobic, violent and misogynic), Eminem became a household name in the rap industry.

‘First Love’ by Utada Hikaru is monumental for both Japanese Pop and Asian Pop; ‘First Love’ was both critically and commercially successful for its honest, down-to-earth nature and sensual lyrics. Utada was one-of-akind for her generation; she introduced the R&B Genre to Japan, and her songwriting skills helped to create the urbanized R&B sound that’s diffused with the roots of J-Pop. Utada was born in the United States to Japanese parents, producer Utada Teruzane and singer Keiko Fuzi. Utada began writing her own songs at the age of 15. She was a member of a band Cubic U (with the other members being her mother and her father), and the band released one independent album. Utada was signed to Toshiba EMI, and she began recording her debut album ‘First Love’ which would completely change the J-Pop industry forevermore. Her debut single, ‘Automatic / Time Will Tell’ gained an immediate response and affinity with the public. 'Automatic' incorporated R&B with pop, dance and soul music. The single reached number two, and the CD single has sold over 2 million copies. The second single

'Movin' On WIthout You' was a danceoriented disco pop song which talks about an independent woman who can deal outside of a relationship. The single peaked at number one. ‘First Love’ has sold two million copies during the first week of release; eight million copies were sold in Japan. ‘First Love’ has sold eleven million copies worldwide, remaining the highest selling Japanese album of all time. Utada and her debut album became the magnum opus which every Japanese artists would look after to. ‘First Love’ Since 1999, these albums helped to shape the music around the world. The albums and artists listed in this article had a huge influence in different territories (in terms of genres). Britney influenced dancepop, Eminem influenced hip-hop and Utada influenced the J-Pop industry, and the commercial and critical success authenticates the fact. The history of modern pop music won’t be complete without acknowledging these acclaimed, culturally impactful masterpieces.

Celebrate the 20th anniversary of albums by listening to them!

WHEN DO CELEBRATIONS GO TOO FAR? JAY KIM, Y10, MULCHAT We all like to go a bit wild when we celebrate. We tend to break plates or accidentally spit out a bad word. People tend to understand and will tolerate these slips every now and then. But when do celebrations go too far? In this article, we will be looking at the things you are simply not forgiven for doing “for celebratory purposes”. For this, we will be looking at various situations or fields when or where celebrating in a certain way is banned by the law or looked down upon by society.

If you watch football, you probably know about the eagle hands and why doing it is frowned upon. It is formally titled the Albanian Eagle, a gesture where you cross your hands while doing a open-hands thumbs up, making your hands look like an eagle. In 2018, Swedish footballers Xherdan Shaqiri, Granit Xhaka and Stephan Lichtsteiner were fined for making the gesture against Serbia in their 2-1 victory. The Serbians were greatly upset by this action due to their conflict with Albania from the 1990s. The Serbian team requested that the three players were to be banned, but it was discovered that Shaqiri and Xhaka were both ethnic Albanians, clearing up their accusations. Lichtsteiner was the captain of the Swiss team, and had nothing to do with both players making the Eagle hands. Indeed, most of the forwards and midfielders of the Swiss national team are from Albania, including

Shaqiri and Xhaka. Although they were forgiven, the football world has learned a valuable lesson, keep celebrations clean of racism.

Alcoholism is a dominant culture in adult society. These days, most people can find good everyday excuses for drinking in the cheerful society we inhabit. If you were to do the same in Muslim countries, you would certainly be fined or imprisoned for the act of simply consuming alcohol. According to the Koran, Muslims are not allowed to drink any kind of alcohol, as it would break the trust and faith of Allah. On more than one occasion, the governments of Muslim countries have put their foot down and penalised alcohol consumption in their countries. If you want to celebrate in a Muslim country, the best course of action is first putting the drink down.

Some countries may be superstitious about their celebrations, and China is not an exception. China is possibly the most superstitious country in the world when it comes to celebrating. An example is the colour red, which is often used

by Chinese celebration designers as it is believed to scare away evil spirits. You can see an abundance of red walls, red curtains and red-painted buildings during any period of celebration. On Chinese New Year, the elderly give money to the young in small red packets called Hong Bao. Although the amount of money given is purely up to the elder-

ly to decide, it is discouraged for them to give an amount with the number 4 in it. If this concept confuses you, it just means that there should not be a 4 in any digit like 42.

Some actions are assumed to be globally intolerable. Celebrating through the use of narcotics or drugs is looked down upon by many. Despite today’s pop culture romanticising the use of drugs, it is no doubt that drugs pose a threat to both the user and the media.

Celebrating in an overly unruly manner might lead to trouble as well. Overusing profanity or playing loud music is not prohibited by law, but as we live in a society where we all live very close to each other, you might get on a neighbour’s nerves. Loud noises stemming from obnoxious neighbours has become a concern in urban areas, such as Seoul, as living in an apartment is the status quo for many urban residents. Of course, nobody disagrees to a bit of rowdy celebration, but being a noise issue might lead to future problems, such as homicide.

You might be frustrated that today’s celebrations are so limited. After all, this article was meant to show you how celebrating in certain ways can get you into immense trouble. Now you can relax, because from here some of the more dangerous but legal celebration customs will be introduced.

Jewish wedding customs may look a lot like many other wedding customs.

The couple is introduced, food is served and everyone stays in a solemn, celebratory manner. What makes a Jewish wedding stand out is the custom of breaking a cup or glass. The groom places a cup under his right foot and crushes it, making a loud sound. The guests then shout “mazel tov�, a Jewish phrase of celebration. You may think that this is dangerous but the breaking of the cup has a special meaning, it is a moment of solemnity during a celebration. The story comes from the Talmud, when Mar Bar Rabina prepared a marriage feast for his son and all of his Rabbis were present.

The Rabbis were overjoyed, something a Rabbi is not meant to do. Mar Bar Rabina felt that this was wrong, and he broke a very expensive goblet in front of them to silence the crowd.

Some festivities are downright unusual, and you can find one of them in our country as well. Every July, the Mud Festival is held in Boryeong, a town famous for its coastal mud. The mud is believed to have medicinal properties such as skin protection, thus it is the center of the celebration. On this day, many mud-related activities take place, such as wrestling or mud fireworks. It is a very big festival with music, inflatables, performances and more. If you have the

chance, the Boryeong Mud Festival is a must-see.

Do you like monkeys? You can probably meet one yourself at the Lopburi Monkey Banquet in Thailand. The Lopburi Monkey Banquet is when monkeys come out to enjoy the food prepared by the local people. Monkeys are religious symbols, descendants of Hanuman, the Monkey King. People pay respects to the monkeys for carrying out the legacy of Hanuman, which is preparing all sorts of food for them to eat. Of course, the festivities do come with several hazards.

The monkeys may chew on cables, the food might spoil and since the festival takes place in the whole of Lopburi, it would take a lot of time and effort to clean up the streets. Drawbacks aside, the monkeys of Lopburi are a sight to behold.

Celebrations might be tedious if looked at from a certain perspective, but the main point of a celebration is to enjoy the moment. Some may disagree with your method of celebrating, resulting in many of the aforementioned restrictions. What do you think? Do you think celebrations could cause any harm or do you think that celebrations are just a way to enjoy your success?

SHOULD WE CELEBRATE THE DEVELOPMENT OF ROBOTS?

BY HENRY CHO YEAR 8, JEOJI

Robots are being developed at an exponential pace in our 21st century.

Robots are able to perform a range of tasks and are lauded for their efficiency and accuracy, both of which are often greatly surpass that of humans. Some argue that since robots are superior to humans in the industrial perspective, the development of robots should be celebrated. Others argue that the development of robots is not always a positive change and reject it as a cause for celebration.

Robots have many pros. Firstly, they are very efficient as they can perform many of the same tasks as their human counterparts, but with greater speed and accuracy. An example is the monotonous job of placing nuts and bolts into car components. In reality, it is hard to see a factory that has not been completely mechanised due to the virtuous and efficient nature of machines.

Secondly, robots are cheaper than human labor. Their significant contribution into the automobile industry is the reason cars, which are heavily subject to brand and model are generally accessible to the public (excluding high-class, luxurious vehicles which are more expensive to manufacture).

Exemplifying this, domestic chore robots which last over 30 years, are much cheaper to utilize than human labour.

People require wages as opposed to robots, which do not need to be paid.

Albeit robots are initially expensive to purchase (usually around US$22,000), they represent a long-term investment

because they are cheaper in the long run compared to hiring human workers at approximately US $1000 per month.

Thirdly, robots are extremely beneficial in advancing safety. In many industrial situations such as chemical factories, workers face extensive exposure to toxic substances. Being inorganic and hence immune to such health considerations, robots are perfect replacements which additionally solve the problem of how ethical it is to allow humans to suffer for their salary.

Additionally, robots can also lift heavier objects than humans and work longer hours – often essentially nonstop – without breaks or sickness.

They provide an element of reliability that humans simply do not contain.

On the other hand, the main reason some advocate against developing robots is the job loss created as they replace human personnel. Presently, many employees in industries such as car manufacturing, agriculture, and communications have become redundant due to automation. This has a significant human impact on a personal level (for the workers and their families).

The automation of industries is reshaping economies across the world, necessitating people to attain higher-education to remain career competitive.

Besides redundancy, the development of robots has created increasing economic disparity. Information is a major source of power and hence currency.

Therefore, those who can afford the robots have a significant advantage in mul-

tiple respects. In the short-term, they can perform better in their work assisted by the robot than those less fortunate.

Moreover, as wealth tends to accumulate in families, those who have grown up with access to robots – made possible through wealth – have the advantage of understanding how to utilize technology and are hence equipped with the skills to best use technology throughout their lives and perpetuate economic disparity.

Also, severe problems arise when robots malfunction or are sabotaged due to technical problems or hacking.

Due to the interconnected nature of robots/technology corporations, individuals, nations and the entire world can suffer from malicious hacking attempts. Demonstrating this, one hack can immobilise large banks and telecommunication companies for extended periods, affecting millions of consumers – including governments, corporations and the general public.

Lastly, although robots have undergone a revolutionary process in development, at the end of the day they are dependent on human control. Robots can only function according to the programs we install. Without appropriate instructions, they cannot respond to specific scenarios or improvise. This is unlike humans who possess feelings, empathy and the ability to think independently for themselves. While more complex coding is empowering robots with a degree of artificial intelligence which enables them to respond to complicated scenarios and adapt to a particular situation, a

programmer’s failure to provide proper instructions renders the robot unable to act however dire the circumstances.

To summarize, the question of whether we should celebrate the development of robots needs to be rephrased, “Should we celebrate our human ingenuity in developing robots?” Despite both pros and cons in the development of robots, analysis suggests the advantages significantly outweigh the disadvantages. Moreover, as robots are still being further developed, some of these problems may soon be resolved. As such, I would answer my question with a resounding “yes”. Personally, I love my computer and smartphone – what would I do without Google, Netflix, YouTube and Facebook? What about you?

D

D

i al w i

BY DANIEL HONG YEAR 10, SARAH

Diwali is one of the most important festivals celebrated in India. This festival of lights symbolizes several things, like the triumph of good over evil, hope over despair and so on. Before Diwali, there is a nationwide clean-up at almost everybody’s home, and during the 5-day festival (Diwali itself is officially on October 19 this year), there are numerous rituals that are performed, each unique in its own way. Diwali celebrations differ all over the country.

Hindus interpret the Diwali story based upon where they live: In northern India they celebrate the story of King Rama’s return to Ayodhya after he defeated Ravana by lighting rows of clay lamps.

Southern India celebrates it as the day that Lord Krishna defeated the demon Narakasura.

In western India the festival marks the day that Lord Vishnu, the Preserver (one of the main gods of the Hindu trinity) sent the demon King Bali to rule the nether world.

The

Five

Days

of

Diwali

On the first day of Diwali, people consider it auspicious to spring clean the home and shop for gold or kitchen utensils On the second day, people decorate their homes with clay lamps and create design patterns called rangoli on the floor using colored powders or sand.

The third day is the main day of the festival when families gather together for Lakshmi puja, a prayer to Goddess Lakshmi followed by mouth-watering feasts and fireworks festivities.

The fourth day is the first day of the new year when friends and relatives visit with gifts and best wishes for the season.

On the last day of Diwali, brothers visit their married sisters who welcome them with love and a lavish meal.

BY ANNABETH KIM YEAR 10, JEOJI

n a d a m

a R

Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, and is celebrated by Muslims all across the world as a month of fasting to commemorate the first revelation of the Quran to the Islamic prophet Muhammad. This annual event is regarded as one of the Five Pillars of Islam. The Five Pillars of Islam are considered mandatory by believers and are the foundation of Muslim life.

The Pillars are faith, daily prayers, charity, fasting, and pilgrimage to Mecca.

The word Ramadan comes from the Arabic root ramida or ar-ramad, which means scorching heat or dryness. Evident by its name, during the Ramadan period, usually high temperatures are present due to the excessive heat of the sun. During the sunlit hours, Muslims have to fast from food and drink but fasting during Ramadan isn’t just about resisting the temptation to eat, it also about refraining from sinful behavior that may negate the reward of fasting, such as insulting, cursing, lying, sexual relationships, and physical violence, as a means to redirect the heart away from worldly activities and cleanse their soul by freeing it from harmful impurities.

Fasting is compulsory for adult Muslims, except those who are suffering from an illness, travelling, are elderly, pregnant, nursing, diabetic, or chronically ill.

In those cases, they donate money and food to those who are in need instead.

Fasting also teaches Muslims how to better practice self-discipline, self-control, sacrifice, and empathy for those who are less fortunate, thus encouraging

actions of generosity and charity which also is one of the Five Pillars of Islam.

Pre-fast meals before dawn are called Suhoor, while the post-fast feasts in the evening after sunset are called Iftar. The Suhoor is a vital part of fasting. Muslims eat a healthy meal in Suhoor in order to remain in good health , feel energized and help restrain feelings of hunger and thirst for the rest of the day during the fast. Many people skip Suhoor or choose the wrong food however and those who do this find it difficult to complete their fast and sometimes end up breaking their fast. Suhoor is the right time to consume a meal and fill themselves adequately so that they can fast throughout the day.

Eid al-Fitr means “festival of breaking the fast” and marks the end of the fasting month of Ramadan. Eid begins with the first sighting of the new moon, so most of the time Muslims have to wait until the night before Eid to verify its date. The starting day varies every year and from country to country depending on geographical location. It is celebrated for three days, and on the morning of the first day, Muslims gather for prayer.

Before leaving to perform morning prayers, Muslims wake up to cleanse their bodies in a ritual called “ghusl.”

And they often decorate their hands with elaborate henna patterns. Eid is also infused with different traditions in different countries. Most people use the three days of Eid to visit relatives, friends and sometimes graveyards to pray for their dead ad clean the gravesites. Other traditions of Eid is giving money to

the poor and wearing special clothes.

Some would wear clothes from their culture, while others would wear something contemporary. This year, social media users were already fretting over Eid clothes mid-way through Ramadan.

A few Muslim-owned businesses started trading free Eid outfits for retweets.

After getting dressed and ready for the day, Muslims gather for prayers. In some countries the prayers take place outside, while others are hosted in mosques or large halls. After the prayers, Muslims wish those around them with special greetings used just in the Eid alFitr. Eid mubarak which means Have a blessed Eid! Eid greeting also vary depending on the country and language.

For instance, in Indonesia Eid is called Lebaran, so Indonesians would say, “Selamat Lebaran” which means Happy Eid. Other variations of Happy Eid are “Mutlu Bayramlar” in Turkish and “Barka da Sallah” in Hausa, a Nigerian language.

Ramadan is a very difficult and harsh month for Muslims to go through. But by successfully ending their fast and practice their prayers, they learn discipline and dignity, and refresh their souls from their past sins. Spiritual rewards for fasting are also believed to be multiplied within the month of Ramadan. Muslims strive to take advantage of the opportunity Ramadan brings.

AND BOOM!

BY ANDREW CHEON YEAR 11, NORO

Since 1948, Korea has been divided into two discrete territories. There was no sign of unification until 2000 when the two summits of Korea had a conference concerning the advancement in their relationship. But, unfortunately, Dae-Jung Kim, President of South Korea at that time, was approaching the end of his presidency, and the plan was brought to naught. In April 2018, the inter Korean summit took place to promote an unfinished peace agreement. Complete denuclearization was declared and was unveiled to North Korean citizens by its most authoritative anchor, Chun-Hee Ri. This time, the conference promised to be totally different from the past and might afford us a little celebration of a new change.

To start with, Jong-Un Kim is a very disparate leader from his father. He is an extrovert who is not afraid of making audacious decisions: inviting the South Korean president to visit North Korea with him, holding hands. This bold invitation is one of the factors giving hope to citizens who want reunification. Another example of Kim’s action to generate amity between them was to call North and South Korea in its official South Korean language. He also admitted that the infrastructure of North Korea was way inferior to that of the South. These admissions were significant since it represents North Korea’s desire to ameliorate mutual friendship. But Kim’s favor didn’t finish here. He provided North Korea’s specialty, cold buckwheat noo-

dles for dinner. Kim’s changed behavior is lucidly shown through his somewhat affectatious goodwill. Even some of those who did not watch the summit felt optimistic towards a permanent peace and were excited for change.

Kim Jong-Un’s development in his endurance is also well represented with Donald Trump, the U.S president. Before the US-North Korean conference, Donald Trump has referred to Kim JongUn as a “little rocket man” and sneered at him by tweeting a photo, showing that his nuclear button was larger than that of North Korea. If it was like the past, we don’t know what this mockery would have resulted in from the impulsive Kim. Fortunately, his desire for permanent peace transformed his impetuous personality and was able to laugh away the insult. Some might say Kim is still a person full of conspiracy and we should not be deceived by his sudden change of attitude. They say he might be planning an unjust scheme to have a monopoly of nuclear weapons. But who benefits from such action? It will be only North Korea who will make the whole world turn their back to them. We can consider the change of Kim’s attitude as a genuine development for peace to be achieved.

Another factor we should consider is that the current South Korean president, Moon Jae-In, has had more than enough time to accomplish the unfinished mission that Kim Dae-Jung almost achieved with his sunshine policy. The sunshine policy is a South Korean doctrine in rela-

tion to North Korea, emphasizing peaceful cooperation as a means towards reunification. Such a policy helped the barrier causing the coldness in the relationship to melt to some extent. However, since it was Kim Dae-Jung’s last year of his presidency, he did not have adequate time to achieve his lifetime goal.

According to South Korean laws, since re-election for president is not feasible, he didn’t have a second chance to continue with his policy. But Moon Jae-In achieved all this in just one year. This means he is left with four more years to attain reunification, if necessary - thus allowing us to celebrate a new change.

WHY CORPORATE CELEBRATIONS ARE IMPORTANT IN KOREA

BY SM CHUNG YEAR 10, SARAH Working in Korea will be a whole new experience from working in Western countries. Despite having one of the largest economic growth rates in the world, the Korean work habit is well known for its infamous and stressful work and long hours. This is why Korean workers expect to earn more money than they want. Even in this busy working environment, Koreans still have their own cultural ways of celebrating their work ethics within the companies.

It’s interesting to know how Koreans love their nightlife - where they hang around the night districts with each other in a very comfortable manner.

To begin with, if you’re not a Korean worker, it’s inevitable to tell that you haven’t been to a Noraebang, which is their Karaoke room, surprisingly being the loudest part of Korean industrial life. Noraebangs are very ubiquitous in South Korea, and everyone can easily find them through most of the night districts in Gangnam. For doing the Karaoke, these rooms are normally rented.

Reservations are not often required.

When paying, people can also order beverages and snacks, so that they can actually have a spot to chill out. When you enter the room, you’ll likely to see flashy sparks and colourful designs decorating the interior. Obviously, there would also be a Karaoke machine that asks you to choose favoured songs. It’s important to be noticed in Korean culture that people take turns singing their selective songs, and at the end they compare their scores to each other. Most significantly, Korean workers love this

style of entertainment, because they think that they can release their stress by singing loudly the songs by heart.

Next, nightclubs are also popular to go to in South Korea. While western people go to bars and alcoholic restaurants, many Korean workers usually go to nightclubs for their after-party. They have a dance floor, as well as few tables for people to socialize, drink, and dance. The nightclubs in Korea were previously made for the old generations like the 30s and 40s, but it soon became attractive to teenagers and 20s as well. When the time comes to dance, DJs play music, mixing with various genres of music, but usually ballad or hip hop. Thirty years ago, nights in Korea were meant to be ‘dying industries’, because people rarely went out at night, except to restaurants; however, in this modern day, many youngsters dance the night away at such places, building up South Korea’s economy. This will be the greatest option if you want to be dragged by a completely new stranger and get no privacy. But this is not a part of the recommendation because there had been many issues of stolen wallets, money, and expensive properties. The highest crime rates in South Korea are also happening near or inside the clubs.

Where would be the most comfortable place as a restaurant for Korean workers? Korean Barbeque might be the one they’re looking for. Korean Barbeque, also known as ‘gogi-gui’, is the representative meal for going out of dinner in South Korea. In many local places, there are thousands of restaurants only

serving Korean barbeque. Additionally, Korean barbeque is the most popular and loved meal rated by different foreigners. One of the main features of Korean business etiquette is socializing while eating. Especially after their work, it’s their natural instinct - going out and looking for places to eat within their corporate community. A traditional Korean BBQ restaurant has a hot grill in the middle of the table, and a pipe sucking soaring gases from above. Then, you’ll begin with putting down the meat, and onions, and chickens, and kimchi, and so on. It would be much nicer when one person pays off everything for the rest of them. This type of business etiquette can be found in many Korean restaurants.

In conclusion, work should be giving a sense of fulfilment. For those who garden, seeing their flowers bloom is a sense of pride. For those who work on cars, the engine humming makes everything right. But at work, the majority of people view it as a negative, by repeating themselves “I have to work”. This is also a true statement to Korean workers. We have got to a point where people want to do the fun things, or the tasks they view as fun, without earning it. In order to fulfill this negativity of work, employees have to experience some entertaining moments in taking their jobs.

THE DEBATE BETWEEN FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE AND PLATO - A CELEBRATION OF TWO PHILOSOPHERS WARRICK KWON YEAR 9, NORO

The English word "philosophy" has its etymological root in ancient Greek portmanteau "philosophia (pursuit of wisdom)", which is the combination of "Philo- (loving)" and " Sophia (wisdom)".

Philosophy is the oldest subject pursued by mankind since the Academia was established by Plato in Ancient Greece.

It has been the intrinsic nature of humans to discover their intellect and expand further overcoming their limitations. To underline such enduring values of philosophy in the development of human thought, for each culture and for each individual UNESCO, every 21st of November, has inaugurated a celebration; World Philosophy Day. Philosophical thought flew according to the logic of dialectic, since every time a new philosophical notion was established, people then came up with contradicting ideas which created new ideas. Such ditactic may be considered as debate and controversy. This article focuses on one particular debate during the process of philosophical thinking: the debate between Friedrich Nietzsche and Plato.

Friedrich Nietzsche and Plato.

Ideas may vary, but these two figures are the most influential figures of Western philosophy. Plato was an ancient philosopher who was active in

Classical Greece and he is rewarded for establishing the foundation of western philosophy. Plato established the first higher education institution, known as Plato’s Academy. Furthermore, Aristotle, also a renowned Classic Greek philosopher, was greatly influenced

by Plato after spending several years in Plato’s Academy. Plato provided the main opposition to the Materialist view of the world represented by Democritus. Nonetheless, he covered a huge variety of topics such as ethics, political philosophy, epistemology, and metaphysics. About two thousand years after Plato appeared in Classical Greece, a philosopher named Friedrich Nietzsche appeared in the midst of the nineteenth century. As with Plato, Friedrich Nietzsche was a profound figure in modern philosophy. He questioned nearly all of the issues or philosophical notions that had been conventionally considered true by past philosophers. His vision as a critic has created new beliefs and notions in philosophy such as existentialism and nihilism despite Nietzsche never directly stating the word ‘existentialism’.

Due to this, Nietzsche was considered as a sinner in the Catholic church and was criticized by many of his colleague philosophers. Despite him being criticized by many philosophers

and some misunderstanding him as a pro-Nazi philosopher, he is still considered to be one of the greatest Western philosophers, as is Plato.

Although Nietzsche criticized almost all philosophical beliefs, this article will mainly highlight some topics of criticism Nietzsche held against the father of ancient western philosophy: Plato.

The first criticism Nietzsche held against Plato was on the issue of an ideal society. First, we should understand the renown philosophy of Plato also known as the Theory of Ideas. Plato talked about the entire reality originating from the Idea, and everything that we see, touch, taste, smell, or hear is a virtual image of the Idea also known as Forms. Plato states that these Idea or Forms, which are non-physical forms, represent the most accurate reality and everything in reality is false. Furthermore, Plato contends that the Ideas or Forms create a group, and this group of Ideas or Forms is the ideal society Plato believes.

Plato names this as the absolute good.

Also, anything else which does not belong to the world of Ideas is simply an imagery of the Idea or Form, which is unabsolute. He says that the standard of good and evil is based on the judgment of how close the imagery of the Idea is

compared to the Idea of the object or notion itself. In the end, Plato states that any behavior or deed to make imagery of the Idea in reality closer to the real Idea of an object or a belief is considered to be ‘good’ while anything else is ‘bad’ or ‘evil’. This idea of Plato is considered to be a groundbreaking discovery to Western philosophy since it had one of the most convincing arguments on the question of reality. In contrast to the praise and support Plato’s arguments have received, Nietzsche was totally against the Idea.

Firstly, this was because he thought there was no absolute good. Nietzsche thought the full potential of humanity was found by getting past the values prescribed by a social system. Therefore, to Nietzsche who thought that a moral compass will only exist according to the social paradigm and experience the individual accumulated through their own lives, there is no absolute good nor bad which is totally different of what Plato argues. Furthermore, Nietzsche explains that morality is always simply an interpretation or a cultural attitude converted into truth. Consequently, when Plato comes up two thousand years ago and explicitly argues that good is all about coming closer to the Idea, this was never enough to block Nietzsche’s criticism since he denied the concept of an establishment/ standardizing ‘good’, ‘evil’, and ‘morality’.

- in this essay, we would claim morality is to work for achieving good. Secondly, his rebuttal was that creating an ‘ideal society’ which does not exist is harmful and wrong. The direct cause of this was because Nietzsche was concerned that creating an ideal society and looking forward to that society will make people undermine the importance of reality.

He thought that people live in reality, and since people live in reality not in an ideal society humanity created.

Therefore, he warns humanity that creating an ideal society will discourage humanity to stick to reality, but only follow the honeyed beauty of an illusion which will make people unproductive.

This relates to Nietzsche’s next criticism towards Plato: on religion, especially

Christianity.

soul-body division easier to understand.

Therefore, Plato acted as a foundation for the Christian church to establish its main belief of soul-body division. Plus, Plato’s theory of forms prefigured the Christian understanding of heaven as a perfect world, of which the physical realm is a mere imitation. Overall, Plato is credited for helping Christianity come up with necessary reinforcement of ideas and philosophical beliefs. Plato’s philosophical thought helped prepare people for Christianity and this is how Plato differs from Nietzsche since, whilst Nietzsche criticizes Christianity, while Plato is an essential figure to Christianity and a catalyst to the growth of Christianity.

The second criticism Nietzsche held to Plato was about religion.

Despite people not knowing Friedrich Nietzsche’s philosophical ideologies, I am sure that most of the people have heard of the renowned philosophical phrase Nietzsche presented in his book ‘Thus Spoke Zarathustra’: “God is dead.”

This greatly represents Nietzsche’s viewpoint towards religion. Nietzsche believed that religion was simply a temporary measure to escape from reality. Take the case of Christianity which flourished in Rome in the end of the empire. In the final years of the Roman era, Christianity prospered among citizens, especially the lower classes of the Roman Empire such as In conclusion, these are the slaves and ordinary people. criticism Nietzsche presented to Plato.

It is apparent that Plato and Nietzsche This was mainly because as the had opposite thoughts related to diverse Roman era progressed, life became topics on philosophy and morality, but harder for people in middle and lower this does not mean that one philosopher classes. They had to fight in wars and was superior to the other. There are after coming back from wars, they more criticism and debate between immediately had to go back to farming the two figures, but I have chosen the and their own work in order to survive. two most significant and important Therefore, people wanted something divisions Plato and Nietzsche have that they could rely on which can relieve with each other. To wrap up this article, them from harsh reality. Nietzsche said Nietzsche criticizes Plato and others that this was illegitimate. He claimed because they try to apply a logos to the that religion is something created due world, but ignore the poetic, chaotic, to fear, not as a pure reason to praise and emotion elements of the world.

God and practice religious actions. Nietzsche wants to show that we are not According to Nietzsche, God is what merely reducible to logical abstractions, humans created because of fear, and but that man has a will that is often in religion blocks people to confronting conflict with rationality. To simplify this r e a l i t y a n d d e a l i n g w i t h i t , b u t argument in one sentence, one can say religion is simply is an exit for people. that Nietzsche is fighting for Earth, Plato Nietzsche has written books such as for Heaven. Nietzsche is considered the ‘The Antichrist’ resulting in massive to be a realist, while Plato tried to find criticism from the Catholic Church. an answer towards the unidentified Nietzsche is also considered to be one parts of this world. Regarding who is of the first people to establish the belief more persuasive or not, I have not been of nihilism despite the fact of never talking about who is logically more actually stating the word nihilism. On legitimate and persuasive since I do the other hand, Plato was a foundation not want to impose bias on the readers, of early Christianity. In other words, but rather talk about how Nietzsche Plato’s philosophy influenced the was such a critic and he criticized early logics and beliefs of Christianity. Plato’s philosophy. This one point was According to Plato, the self is divided clearly sure, and this is why I consider between body and soul, with the soul Nietzsche to be one of the greatest more closely related to goodness and philosophers of all time. truth; this made Christianity’s later

HOW AND WHY DO SPORTS PLAYERS CELEBRATE AFTER SCORING? GURU HAN, Y9, GEOMUN

Have you seen a sports player celebrating their goal after they score?

Sportsmen often celebrate their feats and achievements in extravagant ways.

For example, footballers tend to celebrate their goals with unique ceremonies. Each player has his or her own way of celebrating. Their reasons for celebrating and the celebrations themselves vary from player to player. When they get awards, they celebrate them too.

Some examples are Son and Dele Alli, well-known football players with their unique set of ceremonies. Their celebration is called a handshake. In a ceremony called handshake, they do the ceremony with their hands. Spraying salt and making a knife with one’s hands is only a part of the extraordinary world of sports ceremonies. They

sometimes win the Champions league too. The teammates tend to spray drinks onto players who lead the team to victory. Russell Westbrook’s celebrations are also good examples of creative sport ceremonies. Upon victory, he screams and runs around the court to show his energy and passion for the team and the sport. Moreover, Kevin Durant joined him in the ceremony after the Championship victory of the Thunders, Westbrook’s team. They have done this ceremony several times. Covering the players with champagne is also a very popular way of celebrating.

A lot of people celebrate with each other. Some teams celebrate their achievements together as one. Sports clubs often have their own unique way of celebrating their successes. For exam-

ple, if they win the final, they have a big meal have a big party with the teammates. I feel that celebrating in sports has become commonplace nowadays.

I think that celebration and ceremony has a big part in sports games. It shows sportsman’s personality. Also, in Ice Hockey or Football, it has a lot of time to celebrate. Audience enjoy seeing the special ceremony by sport players.

Ah… Sport. They are all good.

Whether it’s from football to cricket, they are all fabulous. The cheering of the crowd, the good quality of the game, the food that you could enjoy, the unique celebration of the players.

Oh!, I almost forgot… We can’t leave out the nationalism. The dictionary describes nationalism as ‘identification with one’s own nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations.’ Like the definition says, it can be ‘it’s interests’. It could be your favorite football team, your favorite basketball team and even your nation in the olympics or the world cup.

The idea of Nationalism in Football It is 1986, it is one of the hottest games of the week, Manchester United vs Liverpool at Anfield. Everybody is watching the players come in, even kids. And then, suddenly, someone releases a tin of ammonia gas (aka tear gas) into the air as the Man Utd players come into their dressing rooms. Did the tear gas help Liverpool win their game? Did the tear gas need to go into a harmless child’s eye? This is the thing.

The Liverpool players didn’t need the tear gas to win. The person did it just because they hated Man Utd. Also, before the match begins, some teams get out their giant flags and walk with it around the stadium. Even when the away team is in. This is very similar to the Nazi flag parade when doing the olympics. They believed that the The Idea of Nationalism in the

BEN KO, Y11, NORO

NATIONALISM IN SPORT

Olympics What is the first thing that you picture when you hear the word ‘Olympics’? Is it the flag ceremony? Is it the torch relay? Isn’t it just magnificent how they are presented? So creative, so bold and yet so beautiful.

Sports Broadcasting Do you watch football? Do you watch any sports? When you watch any sport, isn’t something wrong? Were there any time where the team that you support isn’t on the channel? I’m a fan of Real Madrid (no offence) and there was a time that I tried to watch the Madrid derby on the tv. I went through every channel and guess what? All of the channels had a Tottenham match on. Why is that? Is it because Tottenham is a better team than Real Madrid?

Maybe, (I doubt that) but another reason is because in Tottenham, there is a Korean player. A Korean player named Son. Now, I’m not saying that he’s not good. In fact, he’s fast, he has skills, and his mid-range shots are incredible.

However, he is not a member of a team that I support. In case you don’t know much about football, the Madrid derby is one of the most intense, entertaining football matches.

SPORT CELEBRATION

BY IAN CHUNG, YEAR 9, JEOJI

Every sportsman has their own celebration after they contribute to their team such as scoring a goal, hitting a homerun, or performing a touchdown.

Fans may also celebrate when their favorite team or player did something significant. Celebrations show your achievements and pride towards the crowd. Plus, the sportsman or woman who actually does it will feel even more passion for their own sport. In the past few decades, the act of celebrating in sports has established itself as a common factor in sports.

The NFL (National Football League) is very famous for lots of celebrations that are very unique, and very attractive. For instance, in the match between the Minnesota Vikings and the Chicago Bears, after Keenum, a player in the Vikings scored a touchdown, all the players, everyone in the team, sat in a circle, and played a game of Duck Duck Goose.

It was very amusing for the crowd because Duck Duck Goose was a game most often played by young children.

In addition, another celebration that became a huge issue on SNS was a celebration by Cruz in the game between the Seattle Seahawks and the New York Giants. He danced to the song GDFR(by Flo Rida) in front of the Seattle Seahawks supporting box and this became a huge issue in the SNS. As such, NFL players’ sports ceremonies are comedic additions for the audience in the stadium and the enthusiasts watching on television.

Though celebrations are meant

to be an illustration of your achievements, it may offend others during the process. Let’s take Park-Ji-Sung’s victory celebration back in 2010 at the time of the match between Korea and Japan, taking place in the fabled Saitama Stadium, during Kirin Challenge Cup. The Saitama stadium is known as The Fortress where Japan has never lost against other countries. Although this had been true, the tables were turned in the year of 2010. The match started with a barrage of mockery from the Japanese fans to the South Korean players which atrophied the players as well as the Korean fans who flew to Japan and supported them. With this condition, it seemed clear that South Korea would face a hard time against the Japanese football club. The whole atmosphere of the stadium changed when South Korea’s ongoing legend, Ji-sung Park, scored a phenomenal goal that made the supporters of Korea go wild. It was not the goal that brought confusion and attention, it was the ceremony afterward the goal. Ji-sung Park jogged around the area where Japanese supporters were seated and taunted them. This ceremony was called the ‘Walk ceremony’ according to Park in the interview after the match. Later Park stated in an interview that his intentions were not inflammatory; he simply wanted to impress the team by relieving the pressure of the catastrophic pre-match mockery.

Sport celebrations can be analysed differently into two different parts,

comedic or meaningful ceremony, including Ji-sung Park’s walk ceremony and the Duck Duck Goose ceremony.

It is becoming a very trendy act from the media that even mentions it in the broadcasting company. Starting from 1965, sport celebrations is still an ongoing act played out by the sportsmen and women. They help bond the team and the supporters and introduce a humorous air most of the time.

A KEY TO WIN THE WORLD SERIES IS A UTILITY PLAYER

BY DO HYUN KIM YEAR 13, HALLA NORTH As the number of homeruns clubs order pitchers to concentrate on count, pitchers have tossed less and less innings. Consequently, the number of pitchers in a roster has been increasing, and this means that fewer field players are available in the roster for clubs. Furthermore, the number of teams using the platoon system is increasing and injuries are always unpredictable. Therefore, the importance of utility players has been underscored, as those players help Head Coaches to flexibly manage the team.

Four recent World Series Champions have a similar trait: they own an excellent all-around player. Brock Holt was for the Red Sox, Marwin Gonzalez was for the Astros, and Ben Zobrist was for the Cubs and the Royals. Those players played in both infield and outfield, depending on the team’s circumstances.

Especially, in 2016, Ben Zobrist contributed to the team by not only recording the game-winning Run Batted-in in World Series Game 7 but also playing as an outfielder (Zobrist’s original position is a second baseman). Thanks to his versatility, the Cubs could include Javier Baez to the starting line-up, able to fully utilize his offense throughout the series.

Despite ending the 2018 season as a runner-up for the second consecutive season, the Dodgers is a representative team for valuing versatility highly. In 2018, Kike Hernandez and Chris Taylor covered center field, second base, and shortstop position, and Cody Bellinger, the first baseman of the Dodgers in 2017, started the game in an outfield position to make Max Muncy a part of the starting line-up. Muncy, who moved Bellinger to the outfield and secured the

first baseman, is now often moved to second base this season, as the Dodgers want to put David Freese in the starting line-up, and Joc Pederson can now play in every position in the outfield.

The value of utility player also shines outside of the game. When a player’s position is not restricted, the club’s option in the free agency market or trade is expanded: when a player can cover both infield and outfield, the club can acquire the best player among infielder and outfielders. After deciding that the third baseman Johan Camargo can play as an outfielder, the Braves signed a third baseman Josh Donaldson, who won the American League MVP in 2015, shifting Camargo’s position as a super utility player.

Versatility is also important for players. Versatility gives an opportunity for a prospect to secure the spot even though there is a regular player in the major league team in his position. Nick Senzel, the No. 1 prospect of the Reds and the league’s best third baseman prospect, is expected to play in the Reds, despite the existence of All-star third base man Eugenio Suarez and 30+ homer-recorded second base man Scooter Gennett. This is because of his ability to play as a left fielder.

However, the strength of the utility player validates only when the player can perform at the newly designated position is at an at least average level.

Furthermore, the defensive position influences the offensive performances - therefore, the team cannot designate any random player to play in a random position. Last season, the Phillies sent Rhys Hoskins to left field to sign Carlos

Santana. However, Hoskins regressed at the offense and performed as the worst outfielder in the league. Subsequently, the club traded Santana to the Mariners and brought him back to the first base.

Every team is eager to bring the trophy back home, and it is undeniable that versatility is the key.

BY STEVE NA YEAR 11, JEOJI

n o o M

China’s Space Roll has set a new record in the exploration of the moon. China’s unmanned lunar probe Chang’e 4 succeeded in landing on the back of the moon for the first time in the world recently.

Compared to the China National Aeronautics and Space Administration (CNSA), Moon 4 landed at 10 degrees C NS South, 45.5 meteorite 17745 according to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The South Pole (E Chang’e 4) was launched from the Shichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan province on April 8 by the third rocket of its kind. The Chang’e, which entered the lunar orbit last month on the 12th of the month, entered the lunar orbit on the 30th of December, the 12th of the year, after two four orbits. 12 in orbit.

The Chang’e 4 landed on the back

of the moon on Monday, more than five years after China landed a probe on the front of the moon. Pictures show a unique bumpy surface underneath the back of the Chang’e Lake Moon.

China will use unmanned robot rovers inside its landing craft to monitor the terrain near the South Pole and to carry out various tasks such as detecting neutrons. China plans to launch Chang’e 5 by 2020 to explore the surface of the moon, engage in collecting samples, and bring both the rover and the landing craft back to Earth.

The Chinese media were enthusiastic about the success of Chang’e IV’s landing on the moon. “This is the first CC moon landing by mankind, and it has opened a new chapter for the communication of the moon between the back and the Earth,” CC-TV said. “If the Apollo

Project in the U.S., the first moon landing of mankind, Chang’e was the moon exploration effort of China, which began as far back as the Cold War between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, the first exploration project that has given rise to the idea of opening up to humanity.”

The long journey of humanity seeking the back side of the moon has been an agony due to lots of technical issues. However, on 2019 February 3rd China succeeded in landing on the back side of the moon, opening a new chapter of the moon in connection to the Earth. These kinds of challenges in space will be appreciated by many people and will be remembered.

Celebration of colours Jiho Ha Year 11, Sarah

Colourful powder flying through the smiling faces of endless joy. Sustaining over 2000 years of history, “Holi” is considered to be one of the oldest festivals to be active this long. Holi festival is celebrated by over 1.3 billion people around Central Asia. This arti-

Within the annual event, the festival has developed

cle is concentrating on the uniqueness of this festival

to be celebrated abroad on foreign shores, especially

and why is this so important in Central Asia.

America. Recently, a famous footwear company, Adidas, have collaborated with a famous singer, Pharrell

The duration of the festival takes two days starting

Williams, to create several shoes associated with the

from 9th of March. However for the preparation,

festival holi. Presenting colourful spots, those sneakers

people prepare this festival three days before hand.

caught lots of interest resulting in gaining lots of notice

This festival is celebrated by various religions includ-

about the festival holi amongst younger sportswear

ing; Hindus, Sikhs, Jains, Newars, and Buddhism.

fans like yours turely.

This is because, this festival is not celebrated behind a religious theme, but a belief of love and good spring harvest season. Thus this festival is called in different names such as “festival of spring”,“festival of colours”,and “festival of love”. The unique natural colour powder are usually hand made from vegetables and flowers. Thus there aren’t much environmental problems after the holi festival.

The emphasis of Holi rituals is on the burning of demoness Holika. On the eve of Holi, large bonfires are lit to mark the occasion. This is known as Holika Dahan. As well as conducting a special puja (worship ritual), people sing and dance around the fire, and walk around it three times. In some parts of India, people even walk across the hot coals of the fire!

Such fire walking is considered to be sacred. They do this in bare feet, no fancy new trainers for them then! One place where it happens is Saras village near Surat in Gujarat.

In conclusion, the vibrancy of colors is something that brings in a lot of positivity to our lives and Holi being the festival of colours is actually a day worth rejoicing.

Holi is a famous Hindu festival that is celebrated in every part of India with utmost joy and enthusiasm. The ritual starts by lighting up the bonfire one day before the day of Holi and this process symbolizes the triumph of good over the bad. On the day of Holi people play with colours with their friends and families and in the evening they show love and respect to their close ones with a beer.

What is the March 1st Korean Independence Movement day?

Kenneth Yang Year 11, Mulchat March 1st day begins with the Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Korea in 1919 and the establishment of the Provisional Government of the RepubThe March 1st Day is Korea’s national holiday and holiday, commemorating the March 1st Movement on March 1st, 1919.

Celebrations happen on special days.

On March 1st, 1946, the 27th-anniversary ceremony was set as the national celebration day. On October 1, 1949, the National Day Law was promulgated and the National Day was declared on December 29, 2005. On this day, celebrated people from all walks of life, as well as the third division,held a ceremony to revive the Korean constitutional spirit of 3.1.

At the same time, the members of the Korean Confederacy, who are members of the patriotic activists of the patriots who fought for the liberation of the country, gathered in the Pagoda Park to celebrate the deep meaning of the day. In addition, various cultural performances of the civilian level are given on this day, and the national flag and the national flag of the Republic of Korea are hoisted from the government offices and homes.

lic of Korea. In February 1920, the Ministry of Interior provided a preparatory meeting for the first-anniversary ceremony of the Declaration of Independence and prepared various events.The first anniversary was celebrated with a memorial ceremony organized by the Provisional Government and the 3.1 organized by the Korean People’s Committee. The Independence Newspaper, which was the organ of the provisional government at that time, was pleased to welcome the day with a national holiday.

March 1, 2019 3.1 On the occasion of the 100th anniversary, events were held in various parts of the country. At Gwanghwamun Square in Seoul, a large Taegeukgi was built within neighboring buildings, including the Seoul government building, and about 10,000 people attended led by Mr. Moon Jae-in, flanked by ministers, various people and citizens. The march of 33 national representatives, the reading of the Declaration of Independence, and the award of independence were conducted. In the awards for the 334 independence scholars, the Korean National Palace of Confederation awarded the highest rank to Yu Kwan Sohn. At noon, there were many kinds of events and luncheons celebrating the 100th anniversary of the March 1st Movement. In addition, 12 victims of independence such as Yoon Chun-shik, a victim of forced labor, and Yu Jangbu, a nephew of the late Yoo Kwan-soon, joined the event. There were luncheon marches and performances at Seoul Plaza, and a large chorus event with 3,000 citizens participating. At NLCS Jeju we celebrated by reading the Declaration of Independence in both Korean and English and singing the national anthem.

March 1st day is one of the most memorable days, representing the Korean nation’s pride and bravery against the Japanese. Its historical background makes it a meaningful event, and this is why the 100th anniversary was important to the majority of the nation.

I hope the country doesn’t forget the patriots who saved our country in the past.

Memory DANIEL LEE, YEAR 10, NORO

memory

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2081 day 203 …

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2081 day 204 Don’t feel so good. Going to sleep.

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2081 day 205 Yeah. it’s not all that bad, though. I final- Some people came to room 1438, which ly got to drink ACTUAL drinks. Today is my room and took everything from I even tried something called ‘wine’. my room. They said it was my debt.

And it was really expensive and all.

They also took my room away and put One bottle cost like 200Ω and it wasn’t an ‘EMPTY’ sign on it. Now I really have that great either. And I also bought to live off rations. What am I going t something called ‘wood’ it felt kinda … like plastic but a bit heavier. Put it in my System_fail; room now. Going to sleep.

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Hey… I downloaded a new diary pro-

gram. My name is Gerald. This is my first recording. Hope nobody looks at this. And because this is a diary, I’m going to record stuff here. Such as what happened today. Speaking of that, I have something to say. My room is all empty and clean except this computer and my dinner. Weird, isn’t it?

Progdiary_ent.1_ENDsys_ Progdiary_ent.2 2081 day 204 For some reason, I got kicked out of my OWN room! What is this? They said that I had some kind of debt. Makes no sense. Now I’m gonna go to the bar. The last drink of my life. After that… well.

Progdiary_ent.2_ENDsys_ Progdiary_ent.3 2081 day 205 Yes!!! Yesterday I won BIG, and now I don’t need my old room back and my stuff! I’m now LOOOOOADED. Yeap. tomorrow, I will System_fail; Reload… … input_detected; Loading… web_connect(15_a); Progdiary_ent.1 2081 day 203 Hehe. well just to be sure, I’m writing this diary to confirm that I’m not dreaming right now. I didn’t wake up in my room, and I didn’t hear my alarm this morning as well. I woke up in this enormous living quarter, and it’s like, so large! There’s a fountain, a ballroom,

and everything!

Progdiary_ent.1_ENDsys_ Progdiary_ent.2 2081 day 204 There is something I must write here.

It’s just because I have some kind of feeling right now. I feel like bits of my life are just somehow... missing. I wake up in this enormous house and, you know. I looked up the history right now, and… it isn’t day 204. It isn’t even 2081.

This is my record of what I remember. I was born in the year 2056. The ship set off to find new resources in 2067. My parent’s generation. I boarded this ship when I was 10. This ship is traveling to gather resources and find new planets to live on. It has been way more than 14 years since. I somehow lost my memory. I’m afraid that they would even throw this computer away, so I’m uploading this online.

Progdiary_ent.2_ENDsys_ Connecting…

Sys_connect; Processing… /END_protpcal_ Progdiary_ent.3 2081 day 205 Well, when you see this thing: “web_ connect(15_a)”, the number that comes before the a is the number of times this diary has been downloaded. I don’t know what the alphabet a means. It means the diary has been reset at least 15 times. With my memory. But not this time. This diary is alred …

System_fail; Reload.. … input_detected; Loading… web_connect(16_a); Progdiary_ent.1 …

System_fail; Reload… … …

Part 2: A Incident … … input_detected; Loading… web_connect(271_a); Progdiary_ent.1

…

2081 day 203 What is thi …

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two and he told me to check the history.

Well, when I have time.

Progdiary_ent.2_ENDsys_ Progdiary_ent.3 2081 day 205 Well, nothing special other than talking to Gerald for 5 HOURS! Who does he think he is?

System_fail; Reload… web_connect(00_b{newsubject}); …

Progdiary_ent.1 input_detected; 2081 day 203 Loading…

Yo, it’s Andy. This is my new diary! So web_connect(02_b); excited to have a brand new life on this Progdiary_ent.1 ship! Bye! 2081 day 203 Progdiary_ent.1_ENDsys_ Oh my god. Met this crazy old guy Progdiary_ent.2 called Gerald. He’s totally crazy. He 2081 day 204 screamed at me in the dining room Met this lame old guy called ‘Gerald’ or because I didn’t “keep the promise”! whatever. Totally nuts. Says some stuff Who does that? about memories and “diaries are impor- Progdiary_ent.1_ENDsys_ tant” and that stuff. Lame.

Progdiary_ent.2 Progdiary_ent.2_ENDsys_ 2081 day 204 Progdiary_ent.3 My computer got some virus, and I was 2081 day 205 running some tests, and then I found Damn, I feel so bad about this Gerald out that that computer has been reset guy. He was a bit off, but he didn’t seem quite a few times. I still don’t know ‘bad’. Gotta tal why, but planning to find out. …

Progdiary_ent.2_ENDsys_ System_fail; Progdiary_ent.3 Reload..

2081 day 205 …

This crazy old guy Gerald payed me like input_detected; a 5000Ω and told me to upload this Loading… diary on some kind of website and look web_connect(01_b); for his diary on that site. Dunno why, Progdiary_ent.1 but it couldn’t be any harm, can it? So 2081 day 203 I’m gonna try.

Yo, it’s Andy. This is my new diary! So Connecting… excited to have a brand new life on this Sys_connect; ship!

Processing…

I met a guy called Gerald today. He /END_protpcal_ seemed nice, but he asked me lots of upload.complete(END) questions like ‘what day is your diary on?’ or ‘have you checked your diary Rebooting_programme… edit history?’. And he also said it was … normal, and that he did that too. Still System_fail; don’t get what he means. Bye! Reload…

Progdiary_ent.1_ENDsys_ …

Progdiary_ent.2 input_detected; 2081 day 204 Loading…

Met Gerald AGAIN. He told me about web_connect(03_b); what the ship is for and how it is 2081 day 203 searching for habitable planets for I don’t feel so good… gotta sleep. humanity’s survival. Well, duh, I know Progdiary_ent.1_ENDsys_ that already. He also said that he was Progdiary_ent.2 relieved to see that my diary was on day 2081 day 204

… …

Progdiary_ent.2_ENDsys_ intranet_3(medservice) …

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Specify sector: …

Recipient: sector.14_medic7 to. Team medic 7 reason(check on box) Injury External Internal Mild concussion For you?

For someone else? fever/illness (Please specify) Unknown On a scale of 1 to 10, what is your pain?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Would you like to say something personally? …

Progdiary_ent.3 2081 day 205 Oh my god. I fainted yesterday. I still don’t remember yesterday clearly. It’s

all a blur. But now I remember something that I didn’t remember before.

I need to upload and check my diary daily. I don’t know why, but I remember having a very valid reason for it. There were more ‘day 203’s than I could or anybody could think of. I will leave a note to myself. Just in case I forget. …

System_fail; Reload… … input_detected; Loading… web_connect(04_b); Progdiary_ent.1 2081 day 203 Yo, it’s Andy. This is my new diary! So excited to have a brand new life on this ship! Bye! Progdiary_ent.1_ENDsys_ Progdiary_ent.2 2081 day 204 There was some kind of note in my bed.

It says log into an internet website that I can’t specify because of inspection and search for gerald*1438’s diary and mine and remember it. Also, I have to upload all my new diary entries there. There must be some people from the central departments doing stuff with us, that’s for sure. I’m gonna call them death eaters, you know, the Harry Potter reference.

Progdiary_ent.2_ENDsys_ Progdiary_ent.3 2081 day 205 I gotta run away. This isn’t real. So I have a plan. Into the point. The space program in the rear of the ship has no security from 12:00 to 12:06. The oxygen tube is disconnectable. In the space suit, I could survive about 15 minutes.

At 12:17 a passenger transporter passes by. I could connect to the exo-socket of the transporter ship using my oxygen tube and start breathing in fresh air.

There are electromagnets for repair work on the outside of the ship for repair work, which I can attach myself to. I could register as Joseph, my twin brother. This document is uploaded already. Haha, in your face, death eaters!

System_fail; Reload… … input_detected;

Loading… web_connect(05_b); Progdiary_ent.1 2081 day 203 Hey. Now I know I’m not new to this.

The note and all. Now the time is about 11:50. I’m headed to the space program center. I won’t be able to take my laptop there. Bye. I’ll log in to my account when I arrive on planet c_5. They say it’s nice there. As my record, I’m Andy Windel. I’m the 1440th inhabitant of the ship. I’m 31 years of age. Now really, bye. _______Note to layout: this is the best place for splitting________ Part 3: A Fall …

System_fail; Reload… … input_detected; Loading… web_connect(00_c{newsubject}); Progdiary_ent.1 2081 day 203 Hi… my name is Nella. I’m the 1441st inhabitant on this ship. I’m also team medic 7 of sector 14. This is my diary. yesterday a person died. His official name was Andrew J. Windelle. He fainted yesterday and he needed immediate help. Unfortunately, I was the one called on to cure him. Now somehow I hold the blame for his death. It is quite illogical that the death of a man suffocating in space is due to the doctor that he met the day before, but still. He was a quite bright guy, and he seemed nice, you know... bye. I’m going late already.

Progdiary_ent.1_ENDsys_ Progdiary_ent.2 2081 day 204 Hey… for some reason, my sleep pod isn’t working. I’m scared now. Gotta ask for help in central departments. No, maybe the tech department might help. …

Progdiary_ent.2_ENDsys_ intranet_1(central.dep) …

Specific: subintranet_1_7(dep->tech) Loading…

Specify sector:

…

Recipient: sector.14_tec7_repair

Progdiary_ent.1_ENDsys_ Progdiary_ent.2 2081 day 204 I was ordered to go to Andrew’s room and see what caused the fainting and Specify room number: the thought of suicide. Why me… I feel 1947 so unlucky today… it was creepy there.

Sleep pod There were words all carved into the electricity walls of the room and there were thousands and thousands of memos and post-its and little pieces of paper filling Intranet connection up the room. I wish I never go there again. I hope I don’t get any nightmares tonight…

Temperature stabiliser(over 28`c or Progdiary_ent.2_ENDsys_ under 15`c) Progdiary_ent.3 2081 day 205 I felt way better after a cold shower.

Incorrect food distribution time I couldn’t really sleep yesterday, so I stayed up. Something doesn’t fit right.

All the Inconsistent air concentration (use … oxygen density checker in your survival System_fail; kit located in your drawer) Reload… … … input_detected; …

Loading…

Progdiary_ent.3 web_connect(02_c); 2081 day 205 Progdiary_ent.1 Well, it was specified that it was a small 2081 day 203 timer error in the pod... It tried the Hi… my name is Nella. I’m the 1441st sleep injection 37 minutes before I went inhabitant on this ship. I’m also team to the pod. So… they said they would fix medic 7 of sector 14. This is my diary. it by tomorrow.

7 days ago a person died. His official … name was Andrew J. Windelle. He faintSystem_fail; ed 8 days ago and he needed immediate Reload… help. Unfortunately, I was the one to … cure him. Now somehow I hold the input_detected; blame for his death. It is quite illogical Loading… that the death of a man suffocating in web_connect(01_c); space is due to the doctor that he met Progdiary_ent.1 the day before, but still. He was a quite 2081 day 203 bright guy, and he seemed nice, you Hi… my name is Nella. I’m the 1441st know... bye. inhabitant on this ship. I’m also team Progdiary_ent.1_ENDsys_ medic 7 of sector 14. This is my diary.

Progdiary_ent.2 Four days ago a person died. His official 2081 day 204 name was Andrew J. Windelle. He faint- This is weird… people are asking me ed 5 days ago and he needed immediate how the ‘room’ was. What room do help. Unfortunately, I was the one to they mean? There are thousands and cure him. Now somehow I hold the thousands of the same looking room in blame for his death. It is quite illogical this ship. that the death of a man suffocating in Progdiary_ent.2_ENDsys_ space is due to the doctor that he met Progdiary_ent.3 the day before, but still. He was a quite 2081 day 205 bright guy, and he seemed nice, you A creepy guy mailed me with some kind know... bye. of link to a website… he said it would be

‘easier to take care of ’ the diary if I put it there. Why not try. …

System_fail; Reload… … input_detected; Loading… web_connect(03_c); Progdiary_ent.1 2081 day 203 Hi… my name is Nella. I’m the 1441st inhabitant on this ship. I’m also team medic 7 of sector 14. This is my diary. I seem older, somehow.

Progdiary_ent.1_ENDsys_ Progdiary_ent.2 2081 day 204 I got a new website on the ‘frequently visited’ menu. Weird, because I never visited there before. It was a site to upload diaries. And peculiarly, there was a diary in my name… I read it, and it really did sound like me, and it was talking about a creepy room and dead people and stuff like that. This night I might check other people’s diaries.

Progdiary_ent.2_ENDsys_ Progdiary_ent.3 2081 day 205 Somehow, in the website, there are only three users. One user has about 400 diary entries, and one user is dead, and there is me, with three entries, and very much alive. This site seems ‘educational’. It says my memory has reset three times, because the number next to the alphabet is the number of resets. And the dead guy’s diaries were all like ‘oh my god, this is fake!’. I shou …

System_fail; Reload… … input_detected; Loading… web_connect(04_c); Progdiary_ent.1 2081 day 203 I used to be a bit on the normal side, but now, all my accounts are blocked, I can’t go to the food court, or cook food on my own because the gas is cut out. Currently, I am walking for 3 hours to the central departments building to protest, because I couldn’t even ride a taxi.

Progdiary_ent.1_ENDsys_ Progdiary_ent.2 2081 day 204 Well, walking for 3 hours did not work.

But I did find a place to eat. My friend at the next residence block says he can cook me a meal a day, but wait… how have I become so bold and fearless and somewhat… dumb? I can’t eat ‘food’ and I have to live off rations and my friend’s food and I have a possibility of losing my house, but how am I so positive right now? And I don’t sound like me now, what in the world is going on with me?

Progdiary_ent.2_ENDsys_ Progdiary_ent.3 2081 day 205 I went to visit the stellarium today, because it was the only ‘free’ (meaning it didn’t cost anything) place on the ship that I could visit. That would probably be because it is literally just a big hole on the ship covered in a round piece of bulletproof glass. Back to the point, there at the stellarium, I found out that I was passing about 176 planets for 6 hours. Yes, I counted them, and I did that for 6 hours. But I also found out that our ship is passing it’s thirteenth potentially habitable planet in just about a week or so. Kinda cool. And because I am a team doctor, I get to Part 4: A Twist …

System_fail; Reload… … input_detected; Loading… web_connect(05_c); Progdiary_ent.1 2081 day 203 Ahh, isn’t it just nice to sleep in front of your door, not being able to go in? My back hurts, it’s so cold, I can’t get my daily sleep injections, and I don’t get to eat breakfast. But, I have a good idea since yesterday. I will go to the jobs and enlistment department to move my monthly income from my job to a new account which I would have created in the finance department by then. But, I will have to do that tomorrow, because

my computer keeps saying today is day 203. Yesterday was day 205, so how could today be day 203? So today, I will have to go fix my computer or something.

Progdiary_ent.1_ENDsys_ Progdiary_ent.2 2081 day 204 I couldn’t fix my computer. The guy at the shop insisted that the computer was right, and everyone I met said that it was day 203. So, I just went to finance, got my new account, and I went to the jobs and enlistment department and got my monthly income moved to my new account. I can’t wait ‘till I get paid.

Also, I can’t wait until I land on the new planet.

Progdiary_ent.2_ENDsys_ Progdiary_ent.3 2081 day 205 One thing. There are 20 days left until I get paid, but I’m leaving in about 5 days. So… I can’t improve my life really.

So… I borrowed some money from the bank to relax I mean do whatever I wanted to do for the last week because going down to new planets pays very well, about 1200Ω per area mission. So, today, I’ll buy some drinks and some popcorn and FINALLY open my room door and spend the night with sad romance movies and some popcorn. …

System_fail; Reload… … input_detected; Loading… web_connect(06_c); Progdiary_ent.1 2081 day 203 Last night, I cried, and cried, and cried.

It was such a sad ending. How could the main character die? So sad… the movie you know. Also I’m giving 4 stars out of 5 to the popcorn. * * * * ° That is supposed to be stars. I’m a bit drunk, but I think I’ll be okay.

Progdiary_ent.1_ENDsys_ Progdiary_ent.2 2081 day 204 Hmm… my computer came back to saying day 203 again… I think my computer keeps going back to day 203 after

205. And 3 days left until I leave!

Progdiary_ent.2_ENDsys_ Progdiary_ent.3 2081 day 205 2 days left! I had spare time, so I checked my computer again, just to make sure. It still says day 205… just gotta live on with it. But while checking, I found something very peculiar. My computer insists that I have visited an online diary website. There were lots of diary entries that is said to have been written by me, and all of them seemed to look like I had written the. I read all of them carefully, and I discovered that I was repeating the same three days over and over and over, again and again, until last week. So it wasn’t only my computer’s problem… Everyone else was repeating these three days over and over as well. What could be the reason? …

System_fail; Reload… … input_detected; Loading… web_connect(07_c); Progdiary_ent.1 2081 day 203

JUNIOR

ISLANDER ISSUE 23

NOVEMBER. 2019

DESIGNED BY. BOMI PARK 10A

P O E M

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Boy & Girl -Jane Kim & Emily Hwang From today,tomorrow until the end I had a best friend, But she went away She never told me why She never told me how I was forced to go away I never wanted to go My home grew smaller and smaller Against my own clear will One day she just went She had promised not to go We made a vow together, To never leave each other We actually made a vow To never leave each other I know I broke that vow I know I went away I didn’t realize until now The amount of power friendship has I just wish I was there with her From today, tomorrow, until the end

- Jayden Year 5

A Boy With Very Bad Luck There once was a boy, Who was stung by a bee He then fell off a cliff And broke his collarbone and knee He staggered on a highway, Then got hit by a car, The car was going at 90, So he got flung quite far He landed close to a car, That apparently was on fire, He got burnt and fell on the ground Then got squashed by the tire He made a big jump in the lake And then he sank just like a stone, Then the fish just covered him, Then stripped him almost to the bone.

He somehow found his way out Then stepped on some mines They shot him across the place Over the tallest pines He then fell on an ambulance Which is supposed to help to heal But in this case, I guess it wasn’t Cos He felt all the pain he could feel Then he walked in some hot oil, I guess you could say he was fried, But that didn’t matter, cause something happened, He very quickly died!

- Andy Kim Year 4

Future You know, have you ever wondered What it would be like in the future?

Would there be a spider leg And other horrible foods?

WELL, my friends, this is what I’ll say If you made a poor decision to follow my way.

The future, my friends, Are filled with savage beasts Who circle your cave and try to eat your feet.

The World - Joshua Lee Year 5

When the world turned upside down When the world turned Upside down When all the animal’s colours are brown

I brought a gun to defend myself, but the beasts are so savage That they don’t know how to die.

So if you say you want to go to the future I will sigh

When the children ruled parents When the school is a park When the children drink coffee When the fish are catching a shark

And say okay, you may try, But don’t you dare cry If you come back as a fry, roasted with a carrot and a pea by your thigh.

When the sun is so dark When we stick with scissors When we sleep on the rocks When the animals are dancing on the river When the pizzas are sour When the rainbow is grey When Santa give presents to adults When the children drink wine everyday!

Adventurous -June Kang

The Eraser One strange day, a long eraser, Was scared of getting hit by a pencil, So it ran and ran until it reached the sea, But the pencil was following right behind This was why the eraser jumped into the sea, And the pencil couldn’t do anything because it would rot, Now the eraser sank and sank Until it hit the floor of the sea It dug a great hole and burrowed in, It instantly regretted its move, Because all the sand blew on in And the eraser finally breathed it’s last

-Leo Kim Year 4

How I became a WANTED Person The airplane came over, Which was the airplane I was riding.

Suddenly, I bumped to a seat And stomp like a beat, Fall off the airplane, And bump to a car, Crash to a bar, Kick the football player, Mess up the movie, And started to get moving, Then fly to a volcano Which had erupted 7 minutes ago, This is how I became flat, bleed, fat, thin, And Famous for being wanted!

This is how, I went to prison without any reasons.

-Jian Yeo Year 5 -Joy Oh Year 5

NLCS JEJU’s Marching Parade

Ingredients For A Witch’s Mystery Potion

Stomp, stomp, stomp and marching through the school.

We, NLCS are marching around the tower with smiles on our faces.

Around the world they start to march like brave soldiers And going to famous and extraordinary places

3 tears of a youthful mermaid 4 pieces of rotten pizza which is home-made Dead man’s eyes which is brown

Trumpets make the ceiling rumble off And drums shake the ground, making the ants pop out.

The violins fill the air with jazzy musics But the triangles just make the sound ting without a doubt Zzip, zzip, zip and running fast as Usain Bolt, We hunt for treasures and make our school to be the best.

We are the most glorious and the cleverest school And we always get 100% correct on a test.

Inside a witch’s mystery cauldron, what’s inside?

5 frogs which are completely dried 2 drops of blood of a white rat Sticky saliva of a bear which is fat

A pink curly tail of a old grumpy pig An ugly small mouse from a small town Elephant’s ear which is extremely big A sharp whisker of a cat Wide wings of a black bat Little bit of the oak tree’s root And a small smelly soaked fruit 3 thin hair of a girl 6 small shining pearl The witch will stir with a wooden spoon Unitil the witch can see the shining full moon Then the mystery potion is finished!

We glide like a fashionable swan, showing our pride, Stroading and marching, making people stop on their work.

We have perfect manners and say kind words.

NLCS do not hack on computers or say to a person the he or she is a jerk.

We are always joyful and make people fill with happiness And buying them presents in a market or a shop.

We always listen to people’s opinions and never ignore them.

By these ways we will always be on the top.

UpsideDown - Lena Ko and Daniel Ryu Year 4

When the world turned upside down The day when the world Turned upside down When a frown became a smile And a smile became a frown When day turned to night And sun became moon When a cow took its flight And long became soon When black turned white And white turned black And weight turned to height And to own turned to lack And sunny turned to rainy And rainy turned to sunny When dummy turned to brainy And bee became honey This is why day is dark And dummy is a brainy And this is what happened When the world turned upside down

- Rex Gwon Year 6

When the world turned upside down One day, when the world Turned upside down When all countryside Became towns When all clock’s ticks Went anti-clockwise While no-one’s faces Would have recognized When everyone was Walking on the ceiling nad Nobody knew the mystery…

Well now it’s revealing When oxygen turns to carbon dioxide Now everyone is dead!

Now the flowers Are ruling the world instead When birds lost their wing Nothing would be flying Everything would be strange Everything would be satisfying!

Nothing really matters, Whether the world turned Upside down because I am myself.

-Lynn Kim Year 5

The Day Back To School Series 1 The day back to school, I obeyed all the rules Which was actually quite weird for me 1.Run in the hallway 2.Never clean your tray 3.Be late for your classes 4.Hit people with glasses 5.Put your feet on the table 6.Eat your teachers apple 7.Don't bring anything to school 8.Always be a fool I obeyed these rules Then destroyed my mind Because I argot a mail That I was a terrible student

Universe and Life - Sunu Kim, Terry Kim

Our Universe In our own Universe, we have things that you can’t see in yours.

We have things like cats chasing dogs, more cannibalism, Four-dimensional shapes, and more and more and more.

Trees making carbon-dioxide, deadly air, boats flying up upon the sky, Aeroplanes raiding the sea, infinite growth, and old man acting as a baby.

Wanna come? Well, You shall prepare to change - a LOT!