Sustainability Issue 9

SUSTAINABILITY

VOL. 09 MARCH/APRIL 2021 NLCS JEJU ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES SOCIETY COVER ARTWORK BY MINSEO CHA

CONTENTS 02 MARCH ENVIRONMENT CALENDAR 03 APRIL ENVIRONMENT CALENDAR 04 EVENT HIGHLIGHTS 05 EARTH HOUR 06 WORLD WATER DAY QUIZ #WATER 07 WHAT DOES WATER MEAN TO YOU? 09 A CLOSER LOOK AT THE GLOBAL WATER CRISIS 11 WATER FOOTPRINT 13 WATER POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS 14 WATER CONSERVATION #NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION WEEK 15 ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION: DEVELOPMENTS AND PRINCIPLES #ONTHENEWS 17 YELLOW DUST ATTACKING SOUTH KOREA 18 SOCIAL MEDIA

20 A LOOK AT NATURE

REISE | PAGE 2

19 TAKE ACTION

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MARCH ENVIRONMENT CALENDAR

March 3 World Wildlife Day : On 20 December 2013, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) decided to proclaim 3 March as a day to celebrate and raise awareness of the world's wild fauna and flora.

2021 Theme: Forests and Livelihoods: Sustaining People and Planet March 18 Global Recycling Day : a day that aims to tell world leaders that recycling is simply too important not to be a global issue and that a common, joined-up approach to recycling is urgently needed, and to ask people across the planet to recycle 2021 Theme: Recycling Heroes March 22 World Water Day : an annual United Nations observance day that highlights the importance of fresh water and advocate for the sustainable management of freshwater resources 2021 Theme: Valuing Water 02

APRIL ENVIRONMENT CALENDAR

April 5 Arbor Day (South Korea) : a day created to recognize the importance of trees. The most common way people celebrate Arbor Day is to get together in groups to plant trees.

April 22 Earth Day : an annual global event that celebrates the environmental movement and raises awareness about pollution and ways to maintain a clean habitat 2021 Theme: Restore Our Earth

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EVENT HIGHLIGHTS On 22 March, Environmental Studies Society celebrated World Water Day. World Water Day is held on 22 March every year since 1993 and is observed by people and organizations worldwide, including all UN member states.

World Water Day aims to raise awareness about the global water crisis and the importance of freshwater. It also advocates for the sustainable management of freshwater resources to support the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6: water and sanitation for all by 2030. This year's theme was "Valuing Water."

Lunchtime Quiz

To celebrate the day, we held various events. During lunchtime on 22 March, we held a lunchtime quiz in front of the library, where students had a chance to test their knowledge about water.

Many students were shocked by the answers to the quiz, for example: 85% of the world's population lives on the driest half of the planet. You can try the quiz we made on the next page!

We also shared a link to calculate water footprint: https://www.watercalculator.org/ Posters about tips to reduce your water footprint were made by society members and put up around the school.

World Water Day Posters 04

EARTH HOUR

Earth Hour is a worldwide movement held annually to encourage individuals, communities, and businesses to turn off non-essential electric lights. The event lasts for one hour, from 8:30 to 9:30 p.m. on a specific day towards the end of March, as a symbol of commitment to the planet.

This year, Earth Hour took place on 27 March. Above are photos of how NLCS Jeju students and teachers participated in Earth Hour 2021. Well done to everyone who joined the meaningful event!

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WORLD WATER DAY QUIZ Take the quiz we made and test your knowledge on water and the Sustainable Development Goal 6!

1. What proportion of the Earth's surface is covered by water?

A) 40% B) 50% C) 60% D) 70%

2. What proportion of the world's population lives on the driest half of the planet?

A) 30% B) 50% C) 85% D) 90%

3. How much did the world's most expensive bottle of water, the gold-encrusted Acqa Di Cristallo Tributo a Modigliani, fetch at auction?

A) $60 B) $600 C) $6,000 D) $60,000

4. On average, how many children die each day from diarrhoea caused by unsafe water and poor sanitation?

A) 200 B) 1,000 C) 2,000 D) 200,000

5. How many hours a year, in total, do women in sub-Saharan Africa spend collecting water?

A) 5,000 B) 28,000 C) 18 billion D) 40 billion

6. The daily drinking water requirement per person in 2-4 litres. According to the UN, how many litres of water, on average, does it take to produce one person's daily food?

A) 10-15 litres B) 100-150 litres C) 500-1,000 litres D) 1,000-5,000 litres 7. How many people worldwide are forced to defecate outdoors due to inadequate sanitation?

A) 4 million B) 50 million C) 1 billion D) 3 billion 8. How much of the world's fresh water is available to drink?

A) 1% B) 25% C) 50% D) 85% 9. What proportion of hospital patients in developing countries are being treated for diseases caused by poor water and sanitation?

A) one in two B) one in 10 C) one in 50 D) one in 100 10. The duration and intensity of droughts have generally increased.

Since 1900 how many people have died as a result?

A) 3 million B) 8 million C) 11 million D) 15 million

Answer Key: D C B C D D C A A C 06

WHAT DOES WATER MEAN TO YOU? MINSEO CHA

World Water Day, held on 22 March every year since 1993, is a day to take action to tackle the global water crisis and advocate for the importance of freshwater. A core focus of World Water Day is to support the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 6: water and sanitation for all by 2030.

This year's theme was "Valuing Water," which extends beyond the issue of pricing water and includes the environmental, social, and cultural value people place on water.

The High Level Panel on Water (HLPW) was convened in 2016, consisting of 11 sitting Heads of State and Government and one Special Adviser, in order to build a comprehensive, inclusive and collaborative way of developing and managing water resources, as well as improving water and sanitation related services. The central focus of the Panel was to ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all, which is the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6.

The HLPW mandate ended on 14 March 2018 when they released their outcome package consisting of a letter to fellow leaders, an outcome document, a galvanising video, and summaries of key initiatives undertaken by the Panel.

I would like to share one of the outcome documents of the HLPW with the hope that you reflect on your water usage, become conscious about the value and importance of water in daily life that you took for granted.

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Preamble Water is precious, fragile, and dangerous.

Water resources are finite and are under threat from multiple pressures: there is an urgent need for action at scale.

Valuing water means recognizing and considering all the diverse benefits and risks provided by water, and encompassing its economic, social, and ecological dimensions as well as its diverse cultural and religious meanings.

Making all the values of water explicit gives recognition and a voice to dimensions that are easily overlooked.

Valuing water promotes efficiency and better practices by exposing the short and long-term costs of pollution, waste and misallocation, and facilitating investments.

Valuing and managing water effectively presents a transformative opportunity to convert risk to resilience, poverty to well-being, and degraded ecosystems to sustainable ones.

The Valuing Water Initiative of the HLPW is a collaborative process aimed at building capacity, champions, and ownership at all levels, for a shared pathway forward.

Principles of Valuing Water Valuing water is a shared responsibility of us all. Whether acting as governments, municipalities, businesses, farmers, civil societies, communities, or as individuals, we all have a duty to: Recognize and Embrace Water’s Multiple Values Principle 1. Identify and take into account the multiple and diverse values of water to different groups and interests in all decisions affecting water.

2. Conduct all processes to reconcile values in ways that are equitable, transparent, and inclusive.

Protect the Sources Principle 3. Value, manage, and protect all sources of water, including watersheds, rivers, aquifers, associated ecosystems, and used water flows for current and future generations.

Educate to Empower Principle 4. Promote education and public awareness about the intrinsic value of water and its essential role in all aspects of life.

Invest and Innovate Principle 5. Ensure adequate investment in institutions, infrastructure, information, and innovation to realize the many different benefits derived from water and reduce risks.

Bibliography HIGH LEVEL PANEL ON WATER Recommendations Headline Recommendation. (n.d.). [online] .

Available at: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/hlpwater/07-ValueWater.pdf.

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A CLOSER LOOK AT THE GLOBAL WATER CRISIS JANICE YOO Water was originally considered as a free good, a type of good that is unlimited. However, economists now consider water as an economic good that is limited to meet the infinite wants of humans. Water scarcity is a serious problem nowadays as a number of countries are experiencing insufficient access to safe drinking water. Even worse, the constant population growth, profligate water use, and changes in weather conditions due to global warming are causing both the rich and poor to face increasing water scarcity. However, it seems like people fail to notice the global water crisis and its dark reality.

Especially, born and raised in South Korea where drinking water is taken for granted, you might not expect water to be a scarce commodity on the opposite side of the world.

In Cuba, people struggle every day for freshwater after the country’s worst drought in 2017. The water shortages caused by the lack of rain were compounded by an ageing and dilapidated infrastructure. In fact, according to the NY Times, more than 50 per cent of the available water is lost to a leaking drainage system where state water officials must manually change the flow of water to ensure an equal water divide between households. Due to the inconvenient system, some cities in Cuba only have running water once every five days and only for a few hours a time. It is controversial that tourists enjoy the rooftop pool at a hotel in central Havana, the capital of Cuba, whilst the whole island struggles to provide fresh water.

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Thus, there is a dire need for us to realize water scarcity and take action to conserve water.

Even the more economically developed countries are not exempt from the water crisis. According to the Environment Agency in the UK, the country could face a shortage of water by 2050 if action is not taken to conserve water supplies. In fact, a drought scenario in Chew Valley lake, one of the UK’s largest reservoirs supplying water to nearly a million people in Bristol and Somerset, could have shortages within 15 years says Liz Cornwell, a water resource manager for Bristol Water. As such, climate change is affecting the water supply substantially, and it is the uncertainty of the unpredictable climate pattern that is very challenging for the water industry as a whole. In response, some UK cities including the City of London have joined Berlin, Paris and Los Angeles to participate in the world’s “Blue Community” movement. In a Blue Community, water and water sanitization are considered human right, with the city being responsible for providing clean water for all citizens. Such movements should continue in order to cease the global water crisis.

Without a structured plan, preparation and foresight, we can find ourselves in a place without access to clean water in the future.

Companies should make better use of existing water resources wasting less water through leakages and supporting people to conserve water at home. Every single one of us has a role to play to protect this most precious resource and invest for future generations.

Bibiography Sky News. (n.d.). Climate: UK could face water shortages if action is not taken to conserve supplies. [online] Available at: https://news.sky.com/story/climate-uk-couldface-water-shortages-if-action-is-not-taken-toconserve-supplies-12253886 [Accessed 25 Mar. 2021]. www.unicef.org. (n.d.). One in five children globally does not have enough water to meet their everyday needs – UNICEF. [online] Available at: https://www.unicef.org/pressreleases/one-five-children-globally-does-nothave-enough-water-meet-their-everydayneeds [Accessed 25 Mar. 2021].

Derks, S. (2021). An Inside Look at Cuba’s Constant Struggle for Clean Water. The New York Times. [online] 15 Feb. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/15/travel/ cuba-clean-water.html? searchResultPosition=11 [Accessed 25 Mar. 2021].

Taccone, A. (2021). London now “Blue Community” for water stewardship efforts. [online] London. Available at: https://london.ctvnews.ca/london-now-bluecommunity-for-water-stewardship-efforts1.5360183 [Accessed 25 Mar. 2021].

Morejón, P. (2019). About Cuba’s Water Shortages and Other Needs. [online] Havana Times. Available at: https://havanatimes.org/diaries/pedro-pablomorejon/about-cubas-water-shortages-andother-needs/ [Accessed 25 Mar. 2021].

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WATER FOOTPRINT BONNIE HYUN World Water Day is celebrated worldwide every year on the 22nd of March to raise awareness about the global water crisis and the importance of freshwater. It also advocates for the sustainable management of freshwater resources to support the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6: water and sanitation for all by 2030.

Celebrating World Water Day, Environmental Studies Society provided several events including a speed quiz to test everyone’s knowledge about water, poster competition and most importantly, calculating our own water footprint and shared some tips for the reduction of water footprint.

What is the Water Footprint?

The water footprint is a measure of humanity’s appropriation of fresh water in volumes of water consumed and polluted and it is measured in cubic metres per tonne of production, per hectare of cropland, per unit of currency and in other functional units. It helps us understand for what purposes our limited freshwater resources are being consumed and polluted, where its impact depends on where the water is taken from and when e.g. if it comes from a place where water is already scarce, the consequences can be significant and require action. The water footprint also tells us how much water is being consumed by a particular country or globally - in a specific river basin or from an aquifer.

There are three components in the water footprint: green, blue and grey.

This division provides a comprehensive picture of water use by delineating the source of water consumed, either as rainfall/soil moisture or surface/groundwater and the volume of freshwater required for assimilation of pollutants.

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Green water footprint : Water from precipitation that is stored in the root zone of the soil and evaporated, transpired or incorporated by plants. It is particularly relevant for agricultural, horticultural and forestry products.

Blue water footprint : Water that has been sourced from surface or groundwater resources and is either evaporated, incorporated into a product or taken from one body of water and returned to another, or returned at a different time.

Irrigated agriculture, industry and domestic water use can each have a blue water footprint.

Grey water footprint : Amount of freshwater required to assimilate pollutants to meet specific water quality standards. The grey water footprint considers point-source pollution discharged to a freshwater resource directly through a pipe or indirectly through runoff or leaching from the soil, impervious surfaces, or other diffuse sources.

Direct & Indirect Water Use The water footprint looks at both direct and indirect water use of a process, product, company or sector and includes water consumption and pollution throughout the full production cycle from the supply chain to the end-user. It is also possible to use the water footprint to measure the amount of water required to produce all the goods and services consumed by the individual or community, a nation or all of humanity. This includes the direct water footprint, which is the water used directly by the individuals and the indirect water footprint - the summation of the water footprints of all the products consumed.

Water problems are often closely tied to the structure of the global economy.

Many countries have significantly externalised their water footprint, importing waterintensive goods from elsewhere. This puts pressure on the water resources in the exporting regions, where too often mechanisms for wise water governance and conservation are lacking. Not only governments but also consumers, businesses and civil society communities can play a role in achieving better management of water resources.”

Water Footprint Network Water Footprint Network is a platform for collaboration between companies, organisations and individuals to solve the world’s water crises by advancing fair and smart water use. They believe that sustainable use of freshwater is a critical foundation for healthy lives and a happy planet. Their mission is to use the water footprint concept to promote the transition toward sustainable, fair and efficient use of freshwater resources worldwide where their main activities are: network and exchange, awareness-raising, capacity building, knowledge and data dissemination and influencing policy and practice.

They often arrange the ‘EGU meeting’, which stands for ‘European Geosciences Union’, in different parts of the European countries. This brings together geoscientists from all over the world to one meeting covering all disciplines of the Earth, planetary and space sciences. It aims to provide a forum where scientists can present their work and discuss their ideas with experts in all fields of geoscience. They focus on the serious issue related to water that is happening in the world, for instance, in the meeting in Vienna, they discussed how climate change increases water scarcity and drought in many regions of the world, understanding the likely impact on food security and the economies.

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WATER POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS EVELYN YOON In China, farm chemicals washing into the sea are being blamed for massive blooms of algae.

But the biggest cause of water pollution in developing countries is sewage, and its most important effect is on human health.

Water pollution is a devastating issue for millions worldwide. The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines polluted water as water whose composition has been changed to the extent that it is unusable. In other words, it is toxic water that cannot be drunk or used for essential purposes like agriculture, and which also causes diseases like diarrhoea, cholera, dysentery, typhoid and poliomyelitis that kill more than 500,000 people worldwide every year.

The main water pollutants include bacteria, viruses, parasites, fertilisers, pesticides, pharmaceutical products, nitrates, phosphates, plastics, faecal waste and even radioactive substances. These substances do not always change the colour of the water, meaning that they are often invisible pollutants. That's why small amounts of water and aquatic organisms are tested to determine water quality.

Asia's rivers, which are among the most polluted in the world, contain ten times as many bacteria from human waste as waterways in rich countries.

Each year, according to the World Health Organisation, 900m people suffer from diarrhoea or diseases spread by contaminated water such as typhoid and cholera, and at least as many from diseases caused by intestinal worms. Better water supplies and sanitation would cut the incidence of such diseases dramatically. In terms of the number of people it kills, dirty water is probably the world's most serious pollution problem.

To improve matters for their people now, and to keep up with future population growth, developing countries will need to invest huge sums in water and sanitation: current investment in the sector, although inadequate, already totals $25 billion-30 billion a year. In theory, this should be feasible. Even the poorest people appear to be willing to pay for clean, piped water, and for the provision of basic sewerage. In many countries, families with no piped water connection now pay salesmen for containers of clean water. Such water costs typically 12 times as much as piped supplies, yet slum-dwellers have no choice but to fork out a huge proportion of their income for it: according to one study, in parts of Nigeria and Haiti water accounts for about 20% of household expenses. Studies also suggest that many poor people are willing to pay to keep sewage away from their homes.

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WATER CONSERVATION YURI LEE Water conservation, which is using water efficiently to reduce unnecessary water usage, became extremely important nowadays where water is rapidly depleting. Freshwater is a limited resource meaning it can run out in future. Water is one of the essence and necessities for the life forms - living things on the biosphere - for the natural processes, for the communities, for society, for the country’s economy and on-coming generations.

The world’s supply of water is not tremendous that could support our future generations. Roughly 98% of the water on the Earth is undrinkable salt water, and 2% of fresh drinking water is locked in polar ice caps. The rest of that 2% of global water is fresh groundwater that we can drink, and that is the water we use for everything.

According to the Department of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, a typical American uses between 80-100 gallons of water per day. We forget how much water we use for simple tasks like washing our hands, taking showers, using the lavatory, washing laundry, and other household chores. In order to preserve our ecosystem, conserving water by following steps is essential.

1. Shorten the time you have water running for common household tasks e.g. Take shorter showers 2. Ensure that your fixtures don’t have any leaks that would cause water to run 3. Always turn off the water from the sink 4. Buy local foods that don’t require heavy water usage 5. Avoid bottled water

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ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION: DEVELOPMENTS AND PRINCIPLES ANNIE JIAHUI WANG

Environmental education is an educational activity focused on the relationship between humans and the environment: it takes the relationship between mankind and the environment at the core, and aims to resolve environmental issues and achieve sustainable development, raise people’s environmental awareness and effective participation capabilities, popularize environmental protection knowledge and skills, and cultivate environmental protection talents. An increasing number of people are paying attention on the issue of the deterioration of the living environment, due to the factors like rapid population growth, newly-developed technology, and the confined development of modern productivity. All these causes lead to the emergence of environmental education and its original motivation comes from the care and cherishment of human life itself.

Development of Environmental Education

the capacity and scale of production by mankind has continuously expanded, resulting in the excessive use of many natural resources and the destruction of the ecological environment. In the face of increasingly severe environmental issues around the world, the international community has reached a consensus: raising the public’s environmental awareness through publicity and education is an essential measure to protect and improve the environment. The 1972 Stockholm Human Environment Conference was the initiation of the global environmental education movement.

The conference emphasized the need to use interdisciplinary methods to conduct environmental education in formal and nonformal education at all levels, and in and out of school. Subsequently, environmental education began to be reflected in the work of governments of various countries and gradually formed a global environmental education action.

With the development of the economy and society, 15

In 1977, UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization) and the United Nations Environment Program held an intergovernmental conference on environmental education in Tbilisi, the former Soviet Union. At the Tbilisi Conference, all countries realized the importance of environmental education for the first time, making it a milestone in the history of environmental education. The Tbilisi Declaration stated that “from the perspective of its basic nature, environmental education can contribute to the renewer of the educational process.” It also made clear that the goal of environmental education includes awareness, knowledge, skills, attitudes, and participation. This has constructed a basic framework for the development of global environmental education.

In 1987, the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) issued “Our Common Future”, and in 1992, the Earth Summit proposed “Agenda 21”, making environmental education a requirement for global citizens and responsibility of the international community. In 1994, UNESCO presented “Education for Sustainability,” requiring the integration of environmental education with development and population education and environmental education started to be directed to raise awareness of sustainable development.

Characteristics of Environmental Education Environmental education has the characteristics of universality, lifelong, global and interacademic nature.

Universality Environmental education is education for all.

Environmental education should penetrate all areas of human life: homes, schools, factories and mines, enterprises and institutions. In essence, wherever there are people, there should be environmental education.

Lifelong The lifelong nature of environmental education means that it should permeate all stages of life: infants and young children, adolescents, middleaged people and old age.

Global From a spatial perspective, environmental education is an education that is carried out in all over the world. Environmental issues are global issues that affects various countries. For instance, the emission of contaminated water into the oceans, whether from North America or Asia, accumulate and will eventually affect the whole planet.

Interscholasticity Environmental education, from the content point of view, is a comprehensive education carried out by various disciplines, with interacademic characteristics. The solution of environmental problems must rely on multidisciplinary cooperation. Therefore, environmental education is by no means the task of a certain discipline, but the common task of all disciplines. Only with the concerted efforts of these disciplines can environmental education achieve better results.

Bibiography Mária Fűz-Kószó, K., 2021. IX. 1. Definition, characteristics and goals of environmental education | Learning It by Doing: Project-based Learning. [online] <http://www.jgypk.hu/mentorhalo/tananyag/T evekenyen_az_iskolaban/ix_1_definition_charac teristics_and_goals_of_environmental_educatio n.html> US EPA. 2021. What is Environmental Education? | US EPA. [online] <https://www.epa.gov/education/whatenvironmentaleducation#:~:text=Environmenta l%20education%20is%20a%20process,make> 16

YELLOW DUST ATTACKING SOUTH KOREA ALISON HYEYUN SONG Usually, yellow dust occurs during the spring season (March and May). Over the last 10 years, these yellow storms have been occurring for a longer period every year: they lasted for 2.9 days in the 1980s, 5.3 days in the 1990s and 9.8 days in the 2000s. South Korea even have yellow dust storms during fall and winter due to the increase in air pollution level.

Initial yellow dust storms usually originate from northern China and Mongolia as they have inland deserts creating massive amounts of yellow dust.

The major sources of yellow dust that affects South Korea are the Gobi desert, where it is placed in the inner Mongolian plateau, the Northeastern desert areas. Subsequently, a total of 81% of yellow dust that occurs during spring comes from the inner Mongolian plateau and Gobi desert.

This is especially detrimental if the yellow dust level surges to “very bad,” when concentrations of PM (particulate matter) above 151; however, most of the time, Seoul and other urban regions usually reach the “very bad” level. Seoul has reached a peak of 545 micrograms. Busan and Jeju have also reached 234 and 267 micrograms, respectively.

These statistics show how yellow dust is becoming a serious and detrimental problem to humans.

Yellow dust storms not only cause problems in the environment but also harm humans’ health. Yellow dust can cause hazardous respiratory diseases and when extreme, it leads to death. People who have sore throat or asthma suffer from the most adverse effects. These respiratory infections have caused the daily mortality rate in an affected area to increase by 1.7% and OECD also predicted that there will be 1,069 premature death per million in South Korea by 2060 due to

the deteriorating air pollution.

These concerning health problems also restrict people’s outdoors activity to reduce their exposure to yellow dust. People should check their windows at home that they are closed properly, which prevents the yellow dust from entering. They should also place some air purifiers or air humidifiers in their home. When they need to go outdoors, they should prepare their KF-90 masks to protect their respiratory system.

Severe air pollution and deforestation increase the area of deserts in China and Mongolia. This in turn increases the level of severe yellow dust storm attacking South Korea. More and more people are suffering from this fatal situation and we as humans who live on Earth must take action to make an eco-friendly environment.

Bibliography

서울시 영문. 2021. Measures in Case of Yellow

Dust -. [online] Available at: <http://english.seoul.go.kr/policy/welfarehealth-security/measures-in-case-of-yellowdust/> [Accessed 26 April 2021].

Herald, T., 2021. S. Korea suffocated by extremely powerful yellow dust storm. [online] Koreaherald.com. Available at: <http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php? ud=20210329000209#:~:text=Korea%20suffo cated%20by%20extremely%20powerful%20y ellow%20dust%20storm&text=An%20extraor dinarily%20strong%20yellow%20dust,all%20p arts%20of%20the%20country.> [Accessed 26 April 2021].

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SOCIAL MEDIA ACCOUNTS TO FOLLOW David Attenborough Instagram @davidattenborough Sir David Frederick Attenborough is a natural historian and an English broadcaster. He is best known for writing and presenting the nine natural history documentary series in conjunction with the BBC Natural History Unit. Together they form the Life collection that constitutes a comprehensive survey of animal and plant life on Earth.

While Attenborough's earlier work focused more on the wonders of the natural world, his later work has been more focused on environmental issues. He has advocated for restoring planetary biodiversity, limiting human population growth, shifting to renewable energy, reducing meat consumption, and setting aside more areas for natural preservation. We also highly recommend you to watch his 2020 documentary film, David Attenborough: A Life On Our Planet, his personal witness statement of his life and the future.

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TAKE ACTION!

Source: Water Conservation Awareness Program www.pub.gov.sg 19

A LOOK AT NATURE “Water is the driving force of all nature.” - Leonardo Da Vinci

BONNIE HYUN

MINSEO CHA

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CONTRIBUTORS EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Minseo Cha WRITERS Minseo Cha Janice Yoo Bonnie Hyun Evelyn Yoon Yuri Lee Annie Wang Alison Song DESIGNER Minseo Cha CONTACTS If you would like your environment-themed article/artwork/photograph to be shared via Sustainability, please contact the chairs: Minseo Cha mscha22@pupils.nlcsjeju.kr Janice Seungmin Yoo smyoo22@pupils.nlcsjeju.kr