B
URBAN PAR AME TER S
G EOG R APHY AND CLIMATE
Shanghai Baoshan
Urban Mutations of an Overexploited Estuary Baoshan district is located in northern Shanghai and is divided into two parts: the land and the islands. Developed at the intersection of the River Huangpu and the River Yangtze, Baoshan is known as the water way of Shanghai. The East China Sea connects over four hundred ports in one hundred and sixty-four countries and regions. Taking advantage of its coastal qualities and alluvial plains, this rich and fertile natural and agricultural territory turned to transport and fishing. The district’s strategic geographical location has encouraged the development of its coast and plains excessively exploiting its potential. The industrial port is destined to become a future mega cruise port terminal. Intensive industrialisation and expansive urbanisation have damaged the territory’s geography and microclimate.
Shanghai: Hydrological transformation impacts on the natural environment
UNDER STANDING S IT UATI ON S
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Since the construction of the Three Gorges Dam in 2003, the Yangtze subaqueous delta is experiencing overall (net) erosion leading to loss of land and submergence.
Delta recession
Hydrographic network
Waterbodies Man-made canals
Baoshan district: Industrialisation impacts on the microclimate
(kg CO2 · a-1) 0-749 750-1,192 1,193-1,482 1,483-1,674 1,675-1,964 1,965-2,407 2,408-3,080 3,081-4,104 4,105-5,662 5,663-8,033
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Annual mean temperature
The maximum annual average wind speed is 3.7 m/s in Chongming, and the minimum wind speed is 2.8 m/s in the Downtown.
Temperature in the Downtown is the highest at 16.2 ºC, and the difference from the minimum temperature is 0.8 ºC.
Urban Heat Island (UHI)
Yangtze River
(m) -57~-40 -40~-30 -30~-20 -20~-10 -10~-5 -5~-2 -2~0 0-1
CO2 emissions
Annual mean wind speed
Air pollution
SO2
Land surface temperature
NO2
(mg/cu. m) >0.1 0.09 0.08 0.07 CO2 0.06
ºC 16.2 15.3
High UHI effect directly corelated to urbanisation Extreme high temperature High temperature Sub-high temperature Medium temperature Sub-medium temperature Sub-low temperature Low temperature
NO
PM10
Winter
Summer
ºC 5.5 - 10.70 10.71 - 11.40 11.41 - 12.30 12.31 - 13.50
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