EVEREST BUILD 2010 CONSTRUCTION MANUAL
EVEREST BUILD 2010 CONSTRUCTION MANUAL
Everest Build 2010 Construction Manual
Rights Reserved Habitat For Humanity Nepal
Permission could be obtained by writing direct to: Country Representative, Habitat for Humanity Nepal Kathmandu.
Habitat for Humanity - Nepal GPO Box 24037 4th Floor, Sagaramatha Complex Naxal Kathmandu Nepal Phone: +977 14432801 Fax: +977 14432949 E-mail: arunapaul@gmail.com
Table of Contents Building Bamboo Pre-Fabricated House: Background Present Scenario of Bamboo Resources HFHI-Nepal’s promotion of bamboo as an environmentally friendly construction material Conclusion
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Preparation for Building a Bamboo Pre-Fabricated House Required Tools and Equipment Materials List Preparation of Bamboo Frames Process of Assembling of Bamboo Pre-Fabricated House
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Actual Work on the Site for Volunteers Roofing & Weaving Plastering Coloring & Painting Final Completion
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Procedure for Building a Bamboo Pre-Fabricated House: Part 2 Frame Details Steps to follow in assembling Frame “A” Steps to follow in assembling Frame “AA” Steps to follow in assembling Frames “B” and “BB” Steps to follow in assembling Frame “C” Steps to follow in assembling Frames “CC”, “D” and “DD” Steps to follow in assembling Frames “E” and “EE” Steps to follow in assembling Frame “F” Verandah Steps to follow in assembling Frame “G” Kitchen Partition
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Flooring Setting up the frames
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Building Bamboo Pre-Fabricated House: Background The essence of need based development relates to resources, the environment, and sustainability. The Bruntland Commission report defined sustainable development as “meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.” Global warming and climate change are the result of rapid urbanization and the over exploitation of natural resources by many developed countries. There was a time in Nepal when we could proudly exclaim “Hariyo Ban Nepal Ko Dhan”(Nepal’s Green Forests are it’s wealth)but sadly, today we cannot make that claim because our Nepal forests are being depleted at the rate of 1.7% per year. We also have to learn to meet our developmental needs while protecting the environment. One way to do this is by promoting renewable resources such as bamboo, particularly in the housing sector. Bamboo is a versatile, strong, renewable and environmentally friendly material. It is a member of the grass family, “Gramineae”,
and is the fastest growing woody plant on earth. It is called by different names in various regions of the world; “Wood of the poor” in India, “Friend of the people” in China and “Brother” in Vietnam. Now it has been termed the “Green gold” of the 21st century. Bamboo grows from sea-level up to altitudes of 3800m. Most bamboo species can survive temperature ranges from -28°C to +50°C. It grows quickly and easily, and can be sustainably harvested every 3 to 5 years.Bamboo has played an important role throughout human history and is still widely used by the rural poor. It has been extensively used for household utensils,fencing material, fuel, handicrafts, house building, scaffolding, tube well piping, food, and the list goes on. Apart from traditional uses, bamboo can also provide three strategic social and economic roles: environmental sustainability, livelihood security, and income generation.
Present Scenario of Bamboo Resources There are about 75 genera and 1250 species of bamboo found around the world. Southeast Asia is considered the home of bamboo even though the largest groves in the world are in South America. Nearly 150 species grow on the Indian subcontinent and India alone has
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100 species. Bamboo groves in India make up 13% of the total forest area. In Nepal there are 61 species of bamboo under 17 genera. 73 of the 75 districts in Nepal are known to have one or more species of bamboo. Due to the humid climate, eastern Nepal has more biodiversity than western Nepal. According to the Department of Forest Research and Survey, there is an estimated total growing stock of bamboo in Nepal of approximately15 million cubic meters with an approximate biomass value of 1060 M. tons. The total coverage area of bamboo is 63,000ha, 60% of which is in natural forests. The annual production of bamboo culms is 3.01 million, 2.64 million being domestically consumed and 0.64 million exported to India. On average, each household consumes about 46 stems per year. An estimated 102 M. tons of bamboo shoots are produced and consumed in Nepal annually. It is estimated that there are around 81 processors and 509 trading firms working with bamboo in Nepal, directly employing over 1500 people.
HFHI-Nepal’s promotion of bamboo as an environmentally friendly construction material Habitat for Humanity InternationalNepal has been intentional in incorporating sustainable building technology into their projects. This has created public awareness and has been a strong advocate for the use of locally available and environmentally friendly construction materials. Bamboo is one of the oldest materials used in the construction of houses and other structures. It is strong, flexible and versatile; therefore a most appropriate raw material for almost every house building component. Habitat house owners are encouraged to use bamboo in their house construction. Bamboo can be used for purlines, rafters, pillars and walls. Walls made of woven bamboo strips and cement plaster are becoming popular in the eastern region of the country. More than 70% of the families served by Habitat have built their houses with bamboo. Approximately 70 bamboo culms are required to construct a 330 square foot house and 80 culms are required for a prefabricated house. Habitat is establishing a bamboo based enterprise in Jhapa , in the Eastern Region of
Nepal in partnership with “Sahara Nepal” to produce Corrugated Bamboo Roofing Sheets (CBRS). This project has been funded by the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) and Habitat for Humanity Canada. CBRS are not only environmentally friendly but also provide a healthy environment for the house occupants. Additionally this enterprise is providing employment to the “Village Banks”, “Save and Build” groups, “Microfinance” groups and local farmers who cultivate and harvest the bamboo and weave the mats. One CBRS requires 4 mats and an expected 256 sheets per day will be produced during peak production levels consuming an estimated 479,232 culms.
Conclusion Christian philosopher Francis Bacon once said, “We can only command nature by obeying her”. The natural environment has given us everything but we have to take responsibility to use our natural resources in a wise and sustainable . We Our responsibility is to use natural resources in a sustainable manner without disturbing the ecological balance. Irresponsible environmental practices have created serious damage to our natural environment. The housing needs of an ever increasing population, both urban and rural, have brought intense pressure on our natural resources, particularly in the forestry sector.. One way that we can maintain a natural balance is by using renewable resources which in turn help reduce consumption and promote regeneration. Additionally we have large tracts of wasteland, damaged riverbanks and degraded land that need immediate rehabilitation. In this context, trees require 25 years to mature but bamboo matures within three years. Cultivation of bamboo therefore, can be more effective in restoring wasteland and will provide for household use and bamboo based enterprises. Many people can engage in the growing, trading, harvesting and processing of bamboo that will support and improve the lives of poor people. Nepal has been chosen for carbon business that can be promoted by commercial bamboo plantations because bamboo can sequester 12 tons carbon per hectare which is more compared to timber.
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Preparation for Building a Bamboo Pre-Fabricated House Required Tools and Equipment
Drill Grinder Drill bits of various sizes Local knife Local bamboo/wooden mallet Electrical equipment (extension cords, AC/ DC converter/voltage converter, generator for backup) Hand saw/Hacksaw Ladder and scaffolding Concrete mixer/Container (for mixing plaster mortar) Adjustable wrench Screw drivers Wood chisel Shovel Tray Trowel Plunger Rope/String Carpenter pencil Bucket Local broom Brushes/roller brushes/varnish brush Marker/chalk/marker lines Sand paper Cotton cloths
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Materials List Different sizes of bamboo (for vertical and horizontal posts, rafters, purlines (roof beams), ridge, eaves, vertical strips, weaving strips) Bamboo nails Wooden adhesive glue Knots/bolts/P-hooks GI tin sheet Doors/windows frames and shutters Bamboo woven mat for ceiling Stone/brick Cement Sand Aggregate Paint– varnish/white cement/emulsion/ primer/enamel
Preparation of Bamboo Frames Bamboo collection/supply Bamboo storage
Bamboo cut/size as per requirement • Horizontal bamboo pieces • Vertical bamboo pieces • Vertical strip cutting • Weaving strip cutting Bamboo Treatment • Drill each nod of bamboo. • Immerse bamboo in solution of boric acid and borax for 24 hours. Round hole cutting in bamboo based on house design. Packing, leveling and delivery.
Process of Assembling of Bamboo Pre-Fabricated House Assemble Frames (start with any one side frame) Lay vertical bamboo flat on the ground to enable the insertion of the horizontal
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bamboo. Insert horizontal bamboo in- between vertical bamboo through the pre-drilled holes Measure and fix frame as per design Measure diagonals to check the right angle of the corners of the frame. (Diagonals should be equal. If both diagonals are not equal , adjust by pushing the corner of longer diagonal) Drill the junction parts and insert bamboo nails adding wooden adhesive glue on the joints.. This will fix the frame permanently at the junctions. Drilling holes in all the horizontal bamboo pieces should be done very carefully and precisely. First take into consideration the two consecutive vertical posts which are connected through the horizontal bamboo. Mark points on all horizontal bamboo at 2 inches distance from each vertical post. Measure in-between the two consecutive holes and divide it into three equal halves and mark the points. • Drill every marked hole in all the horizontal bamboo. These holes are for inserting the vertical strips. The size of the hole should be to the width of the vertical strips. • Insert Vertical strips through the holes of every row of horizontal bamboo
starting from the top of the frame. (Use Local bamboo/wooden mallet as a hammer from the top if the vertical strip do not pass easily through the holes.) • After inserting all vertical strips through the holes, the frame is complete. • Repeat same process for assembling all frames. Foundation Layout foundation according to the size of the house. Excavation of the trench (as per design.) Raise foundation stone/ brick wall up to minimum 12 inches from the ground level. Level the top surface of foundation wall before erecting assembled bamboo frame. (Should leave space in the foundation wall to insert and concrete vertical bamboo posts which act as columns/pillars.) Setting up assembled bamboo frames on foundation Erect all the frames and tighten temporarily. (Tighten by using ropes/
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G clamp). ensure that all bamboo frames are properly placed as per design. Level and check all frames for the straightness of the structure. Drill and fix permanently with nuts and bolts. Roofing structure/frames Lay bamboo ridge and eves and fix with P-hook. Lay rafters and fix with knots and bolts. Lay Purlines and fix with knots and bolts. Flooring
Filling soil Compaction of soil Stone/bricks soling Mix cement, sand and aggregate with water to prepare a mortar for floor. (mixture should be in ration of 1:2:4) Pour the mixture above the stone/soil floor and smooth with a plunger. (casting should be 2 inches thick) Do thin plastering and cement punning above the concrete floor. Weaving strips for the wall Weave horizontal and vertical strips for the wall. Make sure that the length of weaving strips is sufficient to weave between two vertical bamboo posts. (If the length of the strip is longer than the required size, cut down to correct length. Eliminate strips that are too short.) Place pre-woven bamboo mat as the ceiling over the verandah space. Door and window fixing Fix Frame by using nuts and bolts. Fix Panel on frame with hinges. Roofing Lay Corrugated GI Tin sheet over the purline. Drill and fix with nuts & bolts. (Drill holes of correct diameter and bolt on securely) After fixing GI sheets place, ridge cap to cover ridge space.
Paint the ridge cap. Plaster walls with cement and sand mortar Spray walls with a cement slurry using a brush or local broom before plastering. Mix Cement and Sand in 1:4 proportions in a container. Mix with a shovel adding water and mix well Make sure not to add too much water,mixture should look dry. Soggy mortar is difficult to apply to a bamboo wall. Apply mixed cement sand mortar on wall using a trowel. (Plaster mortar slowly— don’t worry about excess mortar falling.) Better not to plaster both sides of the wall at the same time. Smooth plaster using trowel/plunger. Gap filling (gap between two vertical bamboo) Insert bamboo strips in gap and fix properly. (Spray if needed) Coloring Wall Paint • Paint the first coat of white cement on plastered wall using paint brush, (mix white cement powder with water in a bucket to make thick solution - follow the directions given on the packet/ container.) • Paint final coat on the second day. (Emulsion/Distemper color) Follow the instruction of the color product - paint the wall bottom two rows in Blue and the remaining Green (Unless otherwise specified). Bamboo Paint • Rub the bamboo with sandpaper. • Clean rubbed surface with a cotton cloth. • Apply/Paint weather proof varnish carefully using brush. Door /window • Rub frame and panel with sandpaper. • Clean rubbed surface with a cotton cloth. • Apply primer as first coat. • Apply enamel as final coat.
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Actual Work on the Site for Volunteers
DAY
1
Roofing & Weaving Weaving Bamboo strips for the wall Select horizontal bamboo strips of given dimension from the bundles supplied and measure to the length of two vertical bamboo posts. Weave horizontal bamboo strips in and out of vertical strips. Weave each strip alternately on vertical strips as in photo. Note: Weaving strips should long enough to weave between two vertical bamboo posts. If the strips are too long, cut into the correct size. Strips too short should be replaced.
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DAY
1
Roofing & Weaving Lay and bolt tin sheets Lay corrugated GI tin sheet over purline. After fixing GI sheets, place ridge cap to cover ridge space. Drill and bolt. (Drill holes with correct drill bits) Place bamboo mat ceiling over the verandah Place pre-woven bamboo mat for ceiling over the verandah space
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DAY
2
Roofing & Weaving (cont’d) Weaving bamboo strips for the wall Continue weaving Bamboo strips for walls Lay and bolt Continue laying and bolting tin sheets Door and Window fixing Drill wooden frame and vertical bamboo post Attach with nuts and bolts Fix panel on frame using hinges
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DAY
3&4
Plastering Mix Cement and Sand with shovel in 1:4 proportion in a container and add water and mix it properly. (In case a container is not available please mix cement and sand on the floor specially prepared for mixing) (Note: Make sure not to add excess water. The mixture should look dry. Soggy mortar is difficult to apply on bamboo wall.) Spray cement slurry using brush or local broom before plastering. (Cement slurry: mixture of cement and water. Mix cement and water in a mug to make thick solution) Apply mixed cement sand mortar on wall by using trowel. (Note: While plastering, do it slowly—don’t worry about excess falling down). It is better not to plaster both sides of the wall at the same time). Smooth plaster using plunger.
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DAY
5
Coloring & Painting Paint: Wall Paint a first coat of white cement on plastered wall using paint brush . (Note: Mix white cement powder with water in a bucket to make thick solution - follow the directions given on the packet/container for the mixing proportion.) Paint: Bamboo Rub the bamboo with sand paper. Clean rubbed surface using a piece of cotton cloth Apply/Paint weather proof varnish carefully using brush. Paint: Door / Window
Rub frame and panel with sandpaper. Clean rubbed surface using a cotton cloth. Apply primer as first coat. Apply enamel as final coat.
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DAY
6
Final Completion Final coat of paint Paint final coat (Emulsion / Distemper color). Mix white Emulsion/Distemper color with water in a bucket to make the proper solution. Follow the directions given on the packet/container for mixing proportion. (Note: Follow the instruction of the product of color: Bottom two rows of wall in Blue and the remaining Green.)
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Procedure for Building a Bamboo Pre-Fabricated House: Part 2 Frame Details Foundation Layout according to house design Excavation of foundation as per layout. The depth of foundation is 1 foot 6 inches Stone masonry work up to 1 foot from ground level with a wall width of 12 inches While doing stone masonry, leave 12�x12� space at nine places to insert and give a concrete base for vertical bamboo posts of frames which act as columns/pillars
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Stone masonry wall
12”×12” space Leave 12”×12” space in stone masonry
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FRAME
A
Steps to follow in assembling Frame “A” Lay two 9’6” bamboos on ground which has two holes Insert two 9’ horizontal (6+) bamboos into the holes of vertical bamboos. Make sure the distance from one end (outer) to another is 9’ To check the straightness of the frame, measure diagonal distance. If both diagonal distances are not equal, adjustment is needed by pushing the corner of longer side inwards Drill the connecting part of vertical and horizontal bamboo with drill Insert bamboo nails with glue into the holes of the frame and hammer them in with a mallet Frame “A” is ready Details of Frame “A” Size of bamboo
Number of bamboo
Number of holes
Remarks
1
9’6”
2
2
For column / 9+ bamboo
2
9’
2
Horizontal / 6+ bamboo
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FIGure showing Steps to follow in assembling Frame “A”
9’0”
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Steps to follow in assembling Frame “AA”
FRAME
AA
Lay two 9’6” vertical bamboo and another two 7’ vertical bamboo with 3 holes in each Insert 3 pieces of 9’ horizontal bamboo (6+) into those holes. (2nd illustration) Make sure the distance from one end (outermost) to another is 9’ To check the straightness of the frame, measure diagonal distance. If both diagonal distances are not equal, adjustment is needed by pushing the corner of the longer side inwards Drill the connecting part of vertical and horizontal bamboo with drill Insert bamboo nails with glue into the holes of the frame and hammer them in with a mallet Frame “AA” is ready to use
Details of Frame “AA” Length of bamboo
Perimeter of bamboo
Number of bamboo
Number of holes
1
9’6” Vertical post
8”-9”
2
3 holes in 2 bamboo
2
7’3” Vertical post
8”-9”
2
3 holes in 2 bamboo
3
9’ Horizontal
6”-6.5”
3
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FIGure showing Steps to follow in assembling Frame “AA”
9’
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FRAMES
B&BB
Steps to follow in assembling Frames “B” and “BB” Lay two 9’6” vertical bamboo and another two 7’ vertical bamboo that have 3 holes in each Insert 3 pieces of 9’ horizontal bamboo (6+) into those holes Make sure the distance from one end (outermost) to another is 9’ To check the straightness of the frame, measure diagonal distance. If both diagonal distances are not equal, adjustment is needed by pushing the corner of longer side inwards Drill the connecting part of vertical and horizontal bamboo with drill Insert bamboo nails with glue into the holes of the frame and hammer them in with a mallet Frame “B” and “BB” is ready to use Details of Frame “B” and “BB” Length of bamboo
Perimeter of bamboo
Number of bamboo
Number of holes
1
9’6” Vertical post 8”-9”
2
3 holes in 3 bamboo
2
7’3” Vertical post 8”-9”
2
3 holes
5
9’ Horizontal
3
6”-6.5”
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FIGure showing Steps to follow in assembling Frame “B” AND “BB”
9’
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FRAME
C Steps to follow in assembling Frame “C” Lay one 9’6” vertical bamboo with 2 holes, one 9’10” vertical bamboo with 4 holes and 13’6” vertical bamboo with 4 holes Insert 2 horizontal bamboo of 9’3” as shown below (2nd illustration) Make sure the distance from one end (outermost) to another is 9’3” Insert 2 horizontal bamboo of 3’6” as shown below (4th illustration) Make sure the interior distance between the vertical bamboo which has 2 holes and the middle bamboo is 5’6” To check the straightness of the frame, measure diagonal distance. If both diagonal distances are not equal, adjustment is needed by pushing the corner of the longer side inwards Drill the connecting part of vertical and horizontal bamboo with drill Insert bamboo nails with glue into the holes of the frame and hammer them in with a mallet Frame “C” is ready to use Details of Frame “C” Length of bamboo
Perimeter of bamboo
Number of bamboo
Number of holes
1
9’6” Vertical post
8”-9”
1
2 hole
2
13’6” Vertical post
8”-9”
1
4 hole
3
9’10” Vertical post
8”-9”
1
4 hole
4
9’3” Horizontal
6”-6.5”
2
5
3’6”Horizontal
6”-6.5”
2
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FIGure showing Steps to follow in assembling Frame “C”
5’6”
9’3”
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FRAMES
CC, D&DD
Steps to follow in assembling Frame “CC”, ”D” and ”DD” Lay one 13’6” vertical bamboo which has 4 holes, one 10’ vertical bamboo which has 4 holes, one 8’7” vertical bamboo which has 4 holes, and one 9’6” which has 3 holes Select three 9’3” horizontal bamboo and insert them from the bottom holes as shown next page (2nd illustration) Insert 6’3” horizontal bamboo at the top holes as shown next page (3rd illustration) Make sure the distance from one end (outermost) to another is 9’3” Make sure the interior distance between two vertical bamboo to is 2’9” To check the straightness of the frame, measure diagonal distance. If both diagonal distances are not equal, adjustment is needed by pushing the corner of longer side inwards (see 6th illustration below) Drill the connecting part of vertical and horizontal bamboo with drill Insert bamboo nails with glue into the holes of the frame and hammer them in with a mallet Frame “CC”, “D” and “DD” are ready to use Details of Frame “CC”, “D” and “DD” Length of bamboo
Perimeter of Number of bamboo bamboo
Number of holes
1
9’6” Vertical post
8”-9”
1
3 holes in 1 bamboo
2
13’6” Vertical post
8”-9”
1
4
3
8’9” Vertical post
8”-9”
1
4
4
10’ Vertical post
6”-6.5”
1
4
5
9’3” Horizontal
6”-6.5”
3
6
6’3” Horizontal
6”-6.5”
1
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2’9”
9’3”
FIGure showing Steps to follow in assembling
assembling Frame “CC”, “D” aND “DD”
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FRAMES
E&EE Steps to follow in assembling Frames “E” and “EE” Lay one 9’6” vertical bamboo which has 2 holes, one 9’ vertical bamboo which has 5 holes, one 10’2” vertical bamboo which has 4 holes and one 13’6” vertical bamboo which has 4 holes Insert one 9’3” horizontal bamboo at the bottom holes of vertical bamboo Select three 6’3” horizontal bamboos and insert into holes of three vertical bamboos Insert 3’3” horizontal bamboo in 9’6” and 9’ vertical bamboo Make sure the distance from one end (outermost) to another is 9’3” Make sure the interior distance from 9’6” vertical bamboo to 9’ bamboo which should be 2’9”. This is the door space To check the straightness of the frame, measure diagonal distance. If both diagonal distances are not equal, adjustment is needed by pushing the corner of longer side inwards Drill the connecting part of vertical and horizontal bamboo with a drill Insert bamboo nails with glue into the holes of the frame and hammer them in with a mallet Frames are ready to use Details of Frame “E” and “EE” (middle frame) Length of bamboo
Perimeter of bamboo
Number of bamboo
Number of holes
1
9’6” Vertical post
8”-9”
1
2 holes in 1 bamboo
2
13’6” Vertical post
8”-9”
1
4 holes in 1 bamboo
3
10’2” Vertical post
8”-9”
1
4 holes
4
9’ Vertical post
8”-9”
1
5 holes
5
9’3”Horizontal
6”-6.5”
1
6
6’3” Horizontal
6”-6.5”
3
7
3’3” Horizontal
6”-6.5”
2
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2’9” 3’3” 9’3”
FIGure showing Steps to follow in assembling Frame “E” AND “EE”
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FRAME
F Steps to follow in assembling Frame “F” Verandah Lay two 7’3” vertical bamboos which have 3 holes, one 7’3” which has 4 holes and one 7’3” which has 2 holes. Make sure the interior distance between two vertical bamboo is 2’6”. (See fig Front Frame (F) for detail dimensions) Select 8’6” horizontal bamboo and insert it at the holes of all 4 vertical bamboo. (See 2nd illustration ) Select two 5’9” horizontal bamboo and insert it in three vertical bamboos.(See 3rd illustration) Insert one 3’ horizontal bamboo into the hole of vertical bamboo which has two holes and another vertical bamboo which has four holes. This is door space. Make sure the distance from one end (outermost) to another is 8’6” To check the straightness of the frame, measure diagonal distance. If both diagonal distances are not equal, adjustment is needed by pushing corner of long distance. Drill the connecting part of vertical and horizontal bamboo with a drill . Insert bamboo nails with glue into the holes of the frame and hammer them in with a mallet Frame F is ready to use Details of Frame “F” verandah Length of bamboo
Perimeter of bamboo
Number of bamboo
Number of holes
1
7’3” Vertical post
8”-9”
4
3 holes in 2 bamboo 4 holes in 1 bamboo 2 holes in 1 bamboo
2
8’6” Horizontal
6”-6.5”
1
3
5’9” Horizontal
6”-6.5”
2
4
3’ Horizontal
6”-6.5”
1
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FIGure showing Steps to follow in assembling Frame “F”
8’6”
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FRAME
G
Steps to follow in assembling Frame “G” Kitchen Partition Lay four 9’3” vertical bamboos which have 3 holes Select three 8’6” horizontal bamboos and insert it in holes of four verticals bamboos Make sure the distance from one end (outermost) to another is 8’6” Make sure the interior distance between all two vertical distance is 2’-6” To check the straightness of the frame measure diagonal distance, if both diagonal distances is not equal, adjustment is needed by pushing corner of long distance Drill the connecting part of vertical and horizontal bamboo with a drill . Insert bamboo nails with glue into the holes of the frame and hammer them in with a mallet Frame G is ready to use Frame “G” Kitchen partition Length of bamboo
Perimeter of bamboo
Number of bamboo
Number of holes
1
9’3” Vertical post
8”-9”
4
3 holes in 4 bamboo
2
8’6” Horizontal
6”-6.5”
3
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FIGure showing Steps to follow in assembling Frame “G”
2’9”
8’6”
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Stone Soling
Cement Concrete
Soil Compaction
Flooring
Filling soil Compaction of soil Stone soling Mixing cement, sand and aggregate with water to prepare mortar for floor. (mixture should be in ration of 1:2:4) Pour the mixture above the stone soling floor and smooth it with plunger. (casting should be 1 inch thick) Do thin plaster for a smooth finish
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Mark for Drill
After setting all the frames in the foundation, mark out the places to drill. Gaps can be seen between two bamboo. To attach them together, drill in at least three places (vertically) and secure them with nuts and bolts.
Mark for drill for vertical strips
Inserting Vertical Stripes on the Frame
Setting up the frames Before setting all the frames on the foundations, put vertical strips on all the frames. Drill holes in every horizontal bamboo at 2 inches distance from each vertical post Measure the distance between every two holes which are near the two consecutive vertical posts, divide and mark into at least 3 equal parts Drill every marked hole to insert vertical strips. The size of the hole should be to the width of the vertical strips Insert Vertical strip through the holes of the every row of horizontal bamboo starting from the top of the frame. (Use local bamboo/wooden mallet if vertical strip does not pass easily through the holes) After inserting every vertical strip through the holes the frame is complete Repeat same process for assembling all the frames
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After assembling all the frames the following steps will set all the frames in the foundation
Foundation of Pre-fabrication house. Foundation should be ready before assembling the frames
Set frame “E”
Set frame “B”
Set frame “BB”
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Set frame “EE”
Set frame “A”
Set beams with P-hooks
Set frame “C”
Set frame “F”
Set ridge and eaves beams
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Set frame “CC”
Set frame “AA”
Attach rafters using nuts and bolts
Set frame “D”
Set frame “DD”
Add purlines over the rafters using nuts and bolts
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