Women in Science
Table of Contents 1.
Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………… 3
2.
Women in science ………………...(4)
3.
Conclusion………………………….(35)
4.
Bibliography…………………………(36)
Introduction We are going to talk about some scientific women. We want to do a tribute to all women, especially to scientist women because they aren’t grateful like men, they struggle to be scientists, because women have the same rights as men. First, we did an individual work to search for some information about those women: Date of birth, nationality, field of study, profesion, quotes, anecdotes... Then, we did an introduction, the title and the conclusion of this project. After that, we prepared a presentation in groups. Finally, we explain the project in front of the group and we organized a timeline of “Women in Science”.
Hypatia (350 a.d. - 415 a.d.) She was a Greek mathematician. She was member and leader of the Alexandria‘s Neoplatonist School and wrote treaties about geometry, algebra and astronomy. “Reserve your right to think, for even to think wrongly is better than not to think at all’’
. Hildegard of Bingen (1098 - 1179)
She was a German scientist, philosopher, theologian and composer. She devoted half her visionary experiences and her joy in the Christian faith. “The world is living, being, spirit, all verdant greening, all creativity. This World manifests itself in every creature.�
Sophia Brahe (1556 - 1643) She was a Danish horticulturist and student of astronomy, chemistry, and medicine, best known for assisting her brother Tycho Brahe with his astronomical observations. “When Denmark remembers her son Tycho, she should not forget the noble woman who in spirit more than blood was his sister. That shining star on our Danish sky was indeed a double-star!�
Maria Celeste Galilei (1600 - 1634) When she was sixteen years old, she helped to discover a new star in the constellation Cassiopeia. “It is like the face of the Earth itself… which is marked here and there with chains of mountains and depths of valleys.”
Sor juana Inés de la Cruz (1648 - 1695) Sor Juana amassed one of the largest private libraries in the New World, together with a collection of musical and scientific instruments. “I don’t study to knew more, but to ignore less.”
Caroline Herschel (1750 - 1848) She was the first woman to receive full recognition in the field of astronomy. “We do not judge great art. It judges us.�
Mary Anning (1799 - 1847) She was a British paleontologist. She discovered her first fossil when she was eleven years old. “The world has used me so unkindly, I fear it has made me suspicious of everyone’’
Ada Lovelace (1815 - 1852) She was an English mathematician. She was the first programmer woman. “That brain of mine is something more than merely mortal; as time will show’’
Maria Mitchell (1818 - 1889) She studied astronomy with the support of her father. In 1847 she discovered a new comet, which became known as “Miss Mitchell’s comet”. “Do not at stars as bright spots only. Try to take in the vastness of the universe.”
Florence Nightingale (1820 - 1910) During the Crimean war, she and a team of nurses improved unsanitary conditions at a British base hospital, greatly reducing the death count. “The very first requirement in a hospital is that it should do the sick no harm.�
Elizabeth Blackwell (1821 - 1910) She was a British doctor. Her factory was destroyed twice.The two times it was for a fire “If society will not admit of woman's free development, remodeled’’
then
society
must
be
Martha Coston (1826 - 1904) Coston found the idea for a system of signaling flares in her dead husband’s notebooks, she progressed his idea and invented in 1859 a red, white and green Pyrotechnic Night Signals that helped to win battles and save lives of shipwreck victims. “The greatest part of our happiness or misery depends on our dispositions and not on our circumstances.”
Hertha Ayrton (1854 - 1923) She was a British engineering. She was very disturbing because she wanted to know how the sand dunes were made
Nettie Stevens (1861 - 1912) She was an American geneticist. She discovered the chromosomes “x” and “y” “Women like men should try to do the impossible. And when they fail to do so, it must be a challenge for others”
Florence Bascom (1862 - 1945) She was an American geologist. She was the first geologist. “The fascinating nature of any search for the truth is not in the achievement itself, which in the best of cases is very relative. But in the fact of realizing it, it is there where all the powers of the mind are put at stake�
Marie Curie ( 1867 - 1934) She was a Polish scientist. She was the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize. “Nothing in life is to be feared, it is only to be understood. Now is the time to understand more, so that we may fear less’’
Maria Montessori ( 1870 - 1952) She was an Italian doctor. She created the theory of learning. “Never help a child with a task at which he feels he can succeed’’
Lise Meitner (1878 - 1968) She was an Austrian Physicist. She was the mother of the atomic bomb. “I have not worked in any way on the fission of the atom with the idea of producing deadly weapons. You should not blame the scientists for the use for war that technicians have made of our discoveries”
Emmy Noether ( 1882 - 1935) She was a German mathematician. She was the first Jewish woman in the in maths. “My (algebraic) methods are really methods of working and thinking; this is why they have crept in everywhere anonymously’’
Alice Ball (1892 - 1916) She was an American Chemist. A scientist wanted to steal her work
Irene Joliot-Curie (1897 - 1956) She was born in paris in 1897. After having started her studies at the Faculty of Science in Paris, she served as a nurse radiographer during the First World War. “The farther the experiment is from theory, the closer it is the Nobel Prize.�
Rachel Carson (1907 - 1964) She was an American marine biologist. Before being a scientist she wanted to be a writer. "It is something healthy and necessary to look at the earth and, when contemplating its beauty, humility."
to
recognize
amazement
and
Jane Cooke (1919 - 2013) She was an American oncologist. She was an ambassador in the Soviet Union.
Rosalind Franklin ( 1920 - 1958) She was a British scientist. She discovered the molecule of life “Science, for me, gives a partial explanation for life�
Mary Sherman Morgan ( 1921 - 2004) She was an American science. She was the first female rocket scientist.
Sally Ride (1951 - 2012) In 1983, astronaut and astrophysicist Sally Ride became the first american woman in space aboard the space shuttle Challenger. “Yes, I did feel a special responsibility to be the first American woman in space.�
Chiaki Mukai ( She was born in 1952) She is a Japanese doctor. She was the first Japanese woman in space. “Many people are losing themselves. They don’t have something to believe in… We should believe in ourselves and be more self-confident.”
Alicia EstĂŠvez Toranzo (1955 - ) She is a Spanish microbiologist. She wrote a book.
Mae Jemison ( She was born in 1956) She is an American astronaut. She was the first African-American woman to go into space. “Never limit yourself because of others’ limited imagination; never limit others because of your own limited imagination.”
Susana Martínez Conde ( She was born in 1969) She is a Spanish neuroscience. “ASMR triggers are likely as varied as the individuals experiencing ‘the tingles’, but there are recurrent themes. Soft, calm whispering, slow hand motions, and sounds made by objects are frequent triggers.”
Vanesa Valdeiglesias (She was born in 1980) She is an Spanish biologist. At present she is in the “Xunta of Galicia” “Investment in science is far from acceptable”
Conclusion Before doing this project we didn’t know there were female scientists before middle age, for example Hypatia of Alexandria (350-415 a.d.), we didn’t know all the female scientists there are at the moment, for example Alicia Estévez Toranzo or Vanesa Valdeiglesias, they’re Galician scientists, we didn’t know some female scientists won the Nobel prize for example Marie Curie.
Rosalind Franklind Ada Lovelace Mary Anning Hertha Ayrton Elizabeth Blackwell Florence Nightingale
Caroline Herschel Elizabeth Blackwell Hertha Ayrton Emmy Noether Rosalind Franklin Hildegard of Bingen Noether Sophia Brahe Marie Curie
Lise Meitner
Irene Joliot-Curie Vanesa Valdeiglesias Susana MartĂnez Alicia EstĂŠvez
Maria Celeste Galilei Montessori
Mary Sherman Alice Ball Jane Cooke Nettie Stevens Florence Bascom Rachel Carson Mae Jemison Maria Mitchell Martha Coston Mary Sherman Morgan Sally Ride
Sor Juana InĂŠs de la Cruz
Chiaki Mukai
Hypatia
Bibliography ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
Abigail Chandler, “Ada Lovelace Day: 11 things you didn’t know about Ada Lovelace”, Metro… News But As you Know it http://tinyurl.com/y266q3lh [Accessed 15th March 2019] Brittany, Rogers, “Jane Cooke” http://tinyurl.com/y22bxshl Curry, Collen, “17 Top Female Scientists Who Have Changed the World” https://tinyurl.com/y6eb5zz9 [Accessed 15th March 2019] “Elizabeth Blackwell”, Encyclopedia Britannica, https://tinyurl.com/yyfw3xwu [Accessed 13th March 2019] Favilli, Elena, Cuentos de Niñas Rebeldes, Destino, Barcelona, 2013. “Florence Bascom”, Wikipedia, https://tinyurl.com/yyt2hnqf [Accessed 13th March 2019] “Florence Nightingale”, Wikipedia, http://tinyurl.com/y6md38ch [Accessed March 15th 2019] Freepik, http://tinyurl.com/yyf3tnoz [Accessed 12th March 2019] Ignotofsky, Rachel. “Mujeres en la ciencia” Nórdica Libros, Madrid 2017 “Lise Meitner”, Just pictures and photos http://pictureorphoto.blogspot.com/2011/01/lise-meitner-pictures_3870.html [Accessed 15th March 2019]
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Macho Stadler, Marta, “Científicas Gallegas, Mujeres con Ciencia”,https://tinyurl.com/yxtd73r2 [Accessed 26th January 2019] “Maria Mitchell”, Kids Discover, http://tinyurl.com/y3q7jyxp [Accessed 15th March 2019] “Marie Curie”, Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie [Accessed 15th March 2019]
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“Maria Montessori”, Autospost https://tinyurl.com/y432xnf2 [Accessed 15th March 2019]
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“Irène Joliot-Curie”, The Nobel Prize, https://tinyurl.com/y3gq5o25 [Accessed 15th March 2019]
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“Rachel Carson”, Wikipedia, https://tinyurl.com/y4svqftc [Accessed 15th March 2019]
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“Martha Jane Coston” Wikipedia, https://tinyurl.com/y5l5qell [Accessed 13th March 2019]
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“Mary Anning”, Wikipedia, http://tinyurl.com/pppncr8 [Accessed 15th March] “Mary Sherman Morgan”, Wikipedia, http://tinyurl.com/jadwyvh [Accessed 15th March 2019] “Nettie Stevens” Vermont Historical Society, https://tinyurl.com/yyycasaj [Accessed 13th March 2019] “Hipatia" Wikipedia https://es.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipatia
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“Caroline Herschel German Astronomer”, Pictorial Press, sister of William Herschel” http://tinyurl.com/y6yna333 Roy Alameida “Alice Ball” North West Hawaii Times https://tinyurl.com/y4ahc89l [Accessed 15th March 2019]
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“Rosalind Franklin”, Wikipedia, http://tinyurl.com/botuan2 [Accessed 15th March 2019] “Sally Ride”, Wikipedia, https://tinyurl.com/y4edlula Simkin, John, “Hertha Ayrton” https://tinyurl.com/yymqf3c2 [Accessed 13th March 2019] Tasneem Zehra Husain, “Emmy Noether” 3 Quarks Daily https://tinyurl.com/y6kr265f [Accessed 15th March 2019]
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Tovar, Patricia, “Galería de la fama de mujeres científicas de todos los tiempos” https://tinyurl.com/y3g2zq79 [Accessed 13th March 2019] Zielinski, Sara, “Ten Historic Female Scientist”, Smithsonian.com, https://tinyurl.com/y85tz4ep [Accessed 26th January 2019] Virinaflora, Depositphotos http://tinyurl.com/y59x8cye [Accessed 12th March 2019]