Contents Endangered species Exercise 1 Exercise 2 Exercise 3 Exercise 4 Exercise 5
......................................... 1 ......................................... 2 ......................................... 4 ......................................... 6 ......................................... 8
Space travel Exercise 6 Exercise 7 Exercise 8
......................................... 10 ......................................... 12 ......................................... 14
Advertising Exercise 9 Exercise 10 Exercise 11 Exercise 12
......................................... 16 ......................................... 18 ......................................... 20 ......................................... 22
Robots and machines Exercise 13 ......................................... 24 Exercise 14 ......................................... 26 Exercise 15 ......................................... 28
Contents Technology Exercise 16 ......................................... 30 Exercise 17 ......................................... 32 Exercise 18 ......................................... 34
The great outdoors Exercise 19 ......................................... 36 Exercise 20 ......................................... 37
Phrasal verbs Exercise 21 Exercise 22 Exercise 23 Exercise 24 Exercise 25 Exercise 26 Exercise 27 Exercise 28 Exercise 29 Exercise 30 Exercise 31 Exercise 32
......................................... 39 ......................................... 41 ......................................... 42 ......................................... 44 ......................................... 46 ......................................... 47 ......................................... 49 ......................................... 50 ......................................... 51 ......................................... 52 ......................................... 54 ......................................... 56
Contents Exercise 33 Exercise 34 Exercise 35 Exercise 36
......................................... 57 ......................................... 59 ......................................... 60 ......................................... 61
Idioms, proverbs and figures of speech Exercise 37 Exercise 38 Exercise 39 Exercise 40 Exercise 41 Exercise 42 Exercise 43 Exercise 44 Exercise 45 Exercise 46
......................................... 63 ......................................... 65 ......................................... 66 ......................................... 68 ......................................... 70 ......................................... 72 ......................................... 74 ......................................... 76 ......................................... 78 ......................................... 80
Occupations and people Exercise 47 Exercise 48 Exercise 49 Exercise 50
......................................... 82 ......................................... 83 ......................................... 84 ......................................... 85
Contents Places Exercise 51 ......................................... 87 Exercise 52 ......................................... 88 Exercise 53 ......................................... 89
Synonyms and word substitution Exercise 54 Exercise 55 Exercise 56 Exercise 57 Exercise 58 Exercise 59 Exercise 60
......................................... 91 ......................................... 93 ......................................... 94 ......................................... 95 ......................................... 96 ......................................... 97 ......................................... 99
General revision Exercise 61 Exercise 62 Exercise 63 Exercise 64 Exercise 65 Exercise 66 Exercise 67
......................................... 100 ......................................... 102 ......................................... 103 ......................................... 104 ......................................... 105 ......................................... 106 ......................................... 107
Contents Exercise 68 Exercise 69 Exercise 70 Exercise 71 Exercise 72 Exercise 73 Exercise 74 Exercise 75 Exercise 76 Exercise 77 Exercise 78 Exercise 79 Exercise 80 Exercise 81 Exercise 82 Exercise 83 Exercise 84 Exercise 85 Exercise 86 Exercise 87 Exercise 88 Exercise 89 Exercise 90
......................................... 108 ......................................... 110 ......................................... 111 ......................................... 112 ......................................... 113 ......................................... 115 ......................................... 116 ......................................... 117 ......................................... 118 ......................................... 119 ......................................... 120 ......................................... 121 ......................................... 122 ......................................... 124 ......................................... 126 ......................................... 127 ......................................... 129 ......................................... 130 ......................................... 132 ......................................... 134 ......................................... 135 ......................................... 136 ......................................... 138
Contents Exercise 91 ......................................... 140 Exercise 92 ......................................... 142 Exercise 93 ......................................... 143 Exercise 94 ......................................... 144 Exercise 95 ......................................... 145 Exercise 96 ......................................... 146 Exercise 97 ......................................... 147 Exercise 98 ......................................... 149 Exercise 99 ......................................... 151 Exercise 100 ......................................... 153
Answers 155
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EX E R C ISE
1
Choose the best answer. 1. Conservation efforts are die out. (1) customary (2) vital
to ensure that animal species don’t (3) requirements (4) special
upon 2. Due to the loss of habitat, animals like polar bears are human civilisation in search of food. (1) infringing (2) violating (3) impinging (4) encroaching 3 The undercover cop went into the medicinal hall trying to the powder of a white rhino horn from the shop owner. (1) procure (2) attain (3) gain (4) see in a secret compartment at the 4. The poachers had the ivories back of their truck. (1) stashed (2) accumulated (3) hovered (4) collected , to buy 5. International smugglers employ many ways, including safe passage for their products to reach buyers overseas. (1) insult (2) trickery (3) bribery (4) flattery 6. The police threw the illegal hunter into a while they went through his kill for the day. (1) space (2) cell (3) room 7. The man (1) skinned
for the night (4) chamber
the leopard for its fur to be sold on the black market. (2) peeled (3) coated (4) pared
8. The safari rangers arrived to take them away. (1) detained (2) kept
the illegal hunting party until the police (3) hindered
9. The sun bear cub watched and carted her away. (1) strangely (2) helplessly
(4) restrained
as the hunters strung up his mother (3) weakly
(4) delicately
10. When the public caught news of the runaway bear, they were more for the safety of their children than of the bear. (1) alarmed (2) troubled (3) anxious (4) concerned 1
ies ed spec
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EX E R C ISE
2
Choose the best answer. 1. A whaling was effected in the middle of the 1960s in an effort to save many endangered species of whale from over hunting. (1) ban (2) law (3) prohibition (4) cargo declining population of the giant 2. In the race to save the panda, conservationists have resorted to playing matchmaker for breeding programmes. (1) sufficiently (2) rapidly (3) steadily (4) efficiently is used to produce luxury items like leather handbags, 3. Animal shoes and wallets. (1) hair (2) hide (3) skin (4) coat from industries and 4. Conservation efforts face a lot of businesses who reap benefits from the clearing of land for agriculture, development or for its resources. (1) obstacles (2) retaliation (3) fight (4) debate
2
5. Bears, including giant pandas, clawing at tree barks. (1) mark (2) start (3) launch (4) officiate
their territory by urinating on or
the exact number of aquatic 6. It is difficult for scientists to creatures such as whales as they are always moving about. (1) locate (2) conclude (3) extrapolate (4) ascertain to remove endangered species of 7. “Do you know that it is a/an insects from their natural habitat for your own collection?” said Erin to the boys. (1) wrong (2) habit (3) offence (4) sin 8. During one of their foraging for food. (1) trips (2) expeditions (3) journeys (4) breaks
, the hikers’ campsite was attacked by bears
of migratory birds and seafaring creatures like 9. Migration whales go by seasons and help ensure their survival. (1) guides (2) directions (3) patterns (4) routes 10. Corpse flowers are kept and grown in museums to about these foul-spelling flora. (1) expose (2) aware (3) educate (4) instruct
3
the public
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EX E R C ISE
3
Choose the best answer. 1. Zoos carry out captive programmes and take care of the offspring from successful pregnancies until they are ready to be reintroduced to the mothers. (1) grouping (2) breeding (3) mating (4) dating 2. The trainers released the orca once they were sure that it could to life in the wild. (1) change (2) modify (3) adapt (4) familiarise himself with the area.
3. The hunter set his trap after (1) familiarising (2) fitting (3) adjusting (4) accustomed
of hunting by becoming casualties 4. Mountain gorillas suffer the to traps intended for other wild animals. (1) affect (2) burden (3) edge (4) brunt 5. Infants of primates are known to have been sold to them as pets. (1) collectors (2) hoarders (3) followers (4) gatherers 4
who keep
6. The leatherback sea turtle is with near-extinction due to the widespread collection of the eggs laid on sandy beaches. (1) vulnerable (2) threatened (3) infected (4) accosted of certain species of jellyfish is triggered by a change in 7. The sea temperatures. (1) launching (2) spawning (3) growing (4) fertilisation 8. Endangered animals like the giant panda are intervention to prevent the species from extinction. (1) reliant (2) compliant (3) dependable (4) exclusive 9. Endangered animals are dying out faster than they can making them unable to maintain steady population numbers. (1) create (2) expand (3) reproduce (4) mate
on human
,
to generate awareness of efforts to save 10. Conservationists are the habitats of endangered animals in the wild. (1) helping (2) pushing (3) scrambling (4) endeavouring
5
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Date:
EX E R C ISE
4
Choose the words with the closest meaning to the underlined words and fill in the numbers in the brackets. 1. Animals are being pushed to the periphery of forests as more trees are cleared for development. (1) brink (2) edge (3) brim (4) verge ( ) 2. Corals will die out when ocean temperatures rise beyond their comfort range. (1) perish (2) vanish (3) cease (4) transpire ( ) 3. Endangered animals have no way to defend themselves against attacks from hunters. (1) cover (2) protect (3) reserve (4) secure ( ) 4. Over hunting carries the risk of driving a species to the verge of extinction. (1) peril (2) burden (3) danger (4) option ( ) 5. Many nations are now resorting to the restriction of land development to help preserve habitats for wild animals. (1) registration (2) checking (3) limitation (4) control ( )
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6. The lioness will take refuge in a secluded place to give birth and nurse her young until they are old enough to re-join the pride. (1) retreat (2) hide (3) conceal (4) withdraw ( ) 7. The rangers ambushed and suppressed the gang of poachers who were caught having elephant tusks. (1) overlooked (2) overturned (3) overwhelmed (4) overpowered ( ) 8. After three full days of searching the area, the scientists failed to turn up any evidence of a Java rhino in the area. (1) deliver (2) forfeit (3) flip (4) find ( ) 9. The zoo’s efforts in bringing the orang-utans back into the wild are opposed by the public who believe they are safer in the zoo. (1) reintroducing (2) lifting (3) revoking (4) reducing ( ) 10. The number of blue whales started reducing when whaling began in the twentieth century. (1) shrinking (2) deteriorating (3) dwindling (4) falling ( )
7
Space
travel
10
Date:
EX E R C ISE
5
Choose the best answer. 1. John F. Kennedy’s call for the U.S. to beat the Soviet Union to the moon the first ever moon landing in 1969. (1) prompted (2) incited (3) urged (4) spurred zero-gravity conditions will begin to 2. In space, astronauts living in lose body mass and control of their muscles. (1) conducive (2) intensive (3) extensive (4) prolonged within five days of being in the
3. Jeff lost his sense of spacecraft. (1) responsibility (2) orientation (3) ability (4) smell
4. Astronauts have no second chances if they are on board their spacecraft. (1) machine (2) maniacal (3) mechanical (4) mechanised
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failures occur while
5. “In my dream, I discovered a planet that was in a nearby galaxy which was, with life and covered with water,� said Aaron to his mentor. (1) crowded (2) teeming (3) filling (4) furnished 6. In science fiction stories, a spacecraft that is too near the horizon will be sucked into the centre of a black hole. (1) event (2) resultant (3) edge (4) point but now many scientists believe 7. Space used to be the final that we know less of the oceans on Earth than about what is out in space. (1) frontier (2) terrain (3) landscape (4) dimension conditions of the planet’s atmosphere prevented the 8. The astronauts from landing there to collect samples. (1) illegal (2) toxic (3) veiled (4) rural storms on the surface of Jupiter provide 9. Blow after blow of scientists no hope of exploring the giant planet. (1) vehement (2) virulent (3) violent (4) intensive in science-fiction novels in the
10. The journey to the moon was mid-1800s. (1) depicted (2) featured (3) produced (4) stylized
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Space
travel
10
Date:
EX E R C ISE
6
Choose the best answer. 1. The of a second planet from the Sun gave rise to many Venusian visitors and alien stories in the 20th century. (1) immure (2) demure (3) allure (4) figure in a few of his readings which
2. The captain of the shuttle noticed gave him cause for alarm. (1) changes (2) oddities (3) rarities (4) relapses
3. Space travel would not be possible without the right source of which currently still comes from chemical fuel. (1) propulsion (2) emulsion (3) compulsion (4) expulsion
,
4. A space shuttle can reach a maximum speed of 40,000 miles per hour but . only half of that is necessary to keep it in (1) tune (2) track (3) path (4) orbit
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5. During lift-off, accidents can easily happen if the safety carried out properly on board a space shuttle. (1) processes (2) procedures (3) events (4) actions
are not
6. Fuel tanks that have depleted during the launch of a space shuttle are off into space to reduce weight load. (1) jettisoned (2) ditched (3) thrown (4) flung for life outside the Earth is still the goal of many space 7. The explorers and observers alike. (1) goal (2) pursuit (3) mission (4) quest 8. A lot of rocket fuel is needed to generate enough space shuttle to overcome Earth’s gravity and enter into space. (1) substances (2) acceleration (3) control (4) direction
for a
to enabling space travel is to travel faster than the speed of 9. The light. (1) trick (2) secret (3) complication (4) solution 10. Even if we can travel at the speed of light, it will still take eons to the vast universe. (1) conquer (2) traverse (3) leave (4) navigate
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Space
travel
10
Date:
EX E R C ISE
7
Choose the best answer. 1. A space shuttle is bombarded with Earth’s protective ozone layer. (1) cosmetic (2) solar (3) sun (4) cosmic
rays when it leaves the
of space travel to collect 2. Astronauts brave the unknown samples and data that will help shed light on the mysteries of space. (1) knowledge (2) secrets (3) perils (4) joys 3. When astronauts leave the safety of their shuttle, they are doing what we . call a space (1) move (2) walk (3) shuffle (4) visit 4. While working in their space suits, astronauts are actually bombarded of radiation that affect their body’s DNA. with (1) doses (2) drops (3) punches (4) loads
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5. The space shuttle off course and lost communication with the control tower for thirty minutes. (1) shifted (2) veered (3) bent (4) detoured 6. Astronauts may need to spend months in a space mission. (1) remoteness (2) sequestration (3) isolation (4) solitude
after the completion of
7. Whenever you come across a problem in space, you can only depend on to figure out a solution. your own (1) ingenuity (2) skills (3) thoughts (4) contemplation with mashed up or dried food during
8. Astronauts have to be their space missions. (1) depressed (2) hysterical (3) content (4) happy
is only one of many reasons why we can make 9. Our limited life missions to only some planets in our solar system. (1) experience (2) period (3) goals (4) expectancy 10. Going through months without social when travelling in space. (1) interaction (2) parties (3) gatherings (4) meetings
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is a disadvantage
Space
travel
10
Date:
EX E R C ISE
8
Choose the best answer. 1. The lives of astronauts hang in the occurs in space. (1) conclusion (2) edge (3) balance (4) question
whenever an accident
to radiation coming from the Sun.
2. In space, astronauts are (1) exposed (2) targeted (3) directed (4) pinpointed
3. The space shuttle approached the with caution. (1) inhibited (2) delinquent (3) desolate (4) poor
and inhabited planet
the interest of space observers
4. Celestial objects in the sky have for centuries. (1) piqued (2) peaked (3) picked (4) peeked
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5. The mysteries of the universe have humankind for years and became the substance of dreams that we would one day travel through space. (1) lured (2) invited (3) beckoned (4) enticed environment on planet Mars, scientists are 6. Due to the sending satellites and robots to investigate the situation there before they consider landing a human there. (1) hostile (2) scary (3) diluted (4) unknown are stars; those that don’t are the
7. Objects in the sky that planets in the solar system. (1) vibrate (2) blink (3) wink (4) twinkle
8. The idea of building an elevator into space is (1) changing (2) revolutionising (3) developing (4) ruining
space tourism.
9. Space travel face many hazardous conditions due to flying in space and extreme radiation from the Sun. (1) rocks (2) bullets (3) canisters (4) projectiles 10. The crew on board the space shuttle faced a major problem when they too rapidly. found that their oxygen tanks had (1) emptied (2) ransacked (3) depleted (4) released
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