The Grammar for You Books 1-6 series is a package of comprehensive grammar books suitable for students as well as adult learners. The introductory notes and extensive exercises will help you improve your mastery of the English language.
for You
Key features: • Clear and concise grammar notes • Varied and fun-to-do exercises • Complete answers
a r a m G m r for You Sarah M. Maureen Lee
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Book 4
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4
UNI T
1
Nouns............................................................................ 1
UNI T
2
Articles.........................................................................8
UNI T
3
Pronouns.....................................................................14
UNI T
4
Conjunctions (and, or, but, so)..............................21
UNI T
5
Prepositions.............................................................. 28
UNI T
6
Adjectives and Comparison of Adjectives........ 34
UNI T
7
Adverbs..................................................................... 40
UNI T
8
Modals........................................................................ 46
PROGRESS TEST 1........................................................................... 52
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UNI T
9
Subject-Verb Agreement...................................... 61
UNI T
10 The Simple Present Tense.....................................68
UNI T
11 The Simple Past Tense...........................................74
UNI T
12 The Simple Future Tense.......................................80
UNI T
13 Positive and Negative .............................................85
UNI T
14 Questions and Responses.......................................92
UNI T
15 Sentence Types........................................................96
UNI T
16 Punctuation.............................................................. 101
Statements
PROGRESS TEST 2 ........................................................................107 YEAR-END EVALUATION .............................................................. 115 ANSWERS ..........................................................................................125
iv
Nouns
1
(a) Countable Nouns refer to people, animals, things or places that can be counted. Singular Nouns
one boy
one dog
one eraser
Plural Nouns
three boys
three dogs
two erasers
(b) Number refers to singular and plural forms (with ‘-s’ or ‘-es’).
one kitten
three leaves
1
four balls
Grammar for You Book 4  Unit 1  Nouns
(c) Common Nouns are the general names of people, animals, things or places. They do not start with capital letters.
man
goat
car
house
(d) Proper Nouns begin with capital letters. They are the special names of people, places, races, days, months and titles.
Mary Jane
Petronas Twin Towers
Friday
(e) Gender is used to refer to the classification of nouns as masculine gender (male) and feminine gender (female).
actor
actress
cock
2
hen
Grammar for You Book 4 Unit 1 Nouns
A Unscramble the following words to form the correct countable nouns. 1
l 5
sexob
4
velesa
6
s
slieda
t two l
e
lstepa
s six p
8
s
irtshs
cemi
s
s m
e
3
s
pelentha
7
hebrsus
s three toothb
two b 3
2
Grammar for You Book 4  Unit 1  Nouns
B Read the sentences below. Then write the common and proper nouns in the appropriate columns. Sentence
Common nouns
1 I know that boy. His name is Gary. 2 We live in a big house. It is in London. 3 I like my teacher. Her name is Mrs. Larry. 4 This is my friend, Richard. 5 He goes to the mosque on Fridays. 6 I asked Julie to look after my cat. 7 Molly is my youngest sister. 8 My neighbour is coming back from Sabah soon. 9 My bag was made in China. 10 His father works at National Bank.
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Proper nouns
Grammar for You Book 4 Unit 1 Nouns
C Write the names of the people, places and food items on the list below.
About Me
1 My father:
2 My mother:
3 My race:
4 My school:
5 My town:
6 My best friend:
7 My favourite teacher:
8 My favourite food:
D Write the missing letters in the spaces provided. All the words given are common nouns. 1
c
2
r 5
r
r
Grammar for You Book 4 Unit 1 Nouns
3
c
4
w
t
7
n g
n
8
h
d b
5
6
e u 6
m
Grammar for You Book 4 Unit 1 Nouns
E Fill in the spaces below with the correct gender nouns.
Masculine
Feminine
1
uncle
➠
2
tiger
➠
3
husband
➠
4
➠
princess
5
➠
stewardess
6
brother
➠
7
gander
➠
8
➠
witch
7
Articles
2
(a) We use ‘a’ when we talk about one person, place or thing. The article ‘a’ is used for nouns that begin with a consonant sound. (b) We use ‘an’ for nouns that begin with a vowel sound or a silent ‘h’.
a bird
an umbrella
an insect
a girl
an apple
(c) We use ‘the’ when we are clear: about the person or thing that we are talking about Example: • The girl is feeding a bird. She is feeding the bird with an insect that she caught near the apple. that the thing is the only one of its kind Example: • The stars shine at night.
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a house
Grammar for You Book 4 Unit 2 Articles
A Fill in the blanks with ‘a’ , ‘an’ or ‘the’. 1
3
5
2
old man
moon
4
house
envelope
6
eagle 9
river
Grammar for You Book 4 Unit 2 Articles
7
9
11
8
sun
car
10
ink bottle
elephant
12
box
10
ant
Grammar for You Book 4 Unit 2 Articles
B Fill in the blanks with `a’ ,`an’ or `the’. Then match the sentences with the pictures. (a) 1 He is
engineer.
♦
♦
(b) 2 I paint with
brush.
♦
♦
(c) 3 Norman is cutting
grass.
♦
♦
(d) 4
bags are on the floor.
♦
♦
(e) 5
sun rises in the east.
♦
♦
(f) 6
clown is funny.
7 Mother fried yesterday.
♦
egg for me
♦
(g) ♦
♦
(h) 8
books are in the box.
♦
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♦
Grammar for You Book 4  Unit 2  Articles
C Group the words given below in the appropriate columns.
egg owl
bowl axe
eel
ball
ant
file
lollipop
kite
teabag
oven
basket
flower
jacket
racquet book insect
paper stamp
envelope ostrich orange
papaya umbrella
iron
apron
hour
ice cream
a
hamster
an
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Grammar for You Book 4 Unit 2 Articles
D Complete the poem below with suitable articles.
1
One fine day in early spring I played
trick,
Out in the yard behind our house I planted
2
lollipop stick.
Then every day I watered it well and watched it carefully, 3
I hoped one day tree.
stick would grow to be
5
Then one day, I woke to find It was
6
4
lollipop
very lovely sight,
tree full of lollipops.
I sat beneath that wonderful tree and looked up, When I opened my mouth Winter came and
8
7
lollipop dropped right in.
days grew cold,
On my lovely tree, not one lollipop grew. From every branch But when I broke
9 10
icicle hung, icicles off,
They turned to ice cream cones.
Adapted from ‘The Lollipop Tree’
13
Pronouns
3
Pronouns are words that are used to replace nouns in sentences. 1. Personal Pronouns are used to replace the names of people, animals, things or places. Pronouns can be subject pronouns or object pronouns. Look at the table below: Singular Subject Object First person Second person Third person
I am a good swimmer. You are a good swimmer. He is a good swimmer. She is a good swimmer. It can swim well.
Plural
Subject
First person Second person Third person
He called me to his He called you to his He called him to his He called her to his He took it to his office.
office. office. office. office.
Object
We are good friends. You are good friends. They are good friends.
He is a good friend to us. He is a good friend to you. He is a good friend to them.
2. Demonstrative Adjectives and Demonstrative Pronouns – ‘this’, ‘that’, ‘these’, ‘those’ They are used to show which people, animals, things or places we are referring to. ‘This’ and ‘that’ are singular and are used with someone or something near to us. ‘These’ and ‘those’ are plural and are used with people or things far from us. Take note that a demonstrative adjective is followed by a noun while a demonstrative pronoun stands on its own. What are these? Examples: Demonstrative Adjectives • This pen is mine. These pens are mine. • That pen is yours. Those pens are yours. Demonstrative Pronouns • This is my pen. These are my pens. • That is your pen. Those are your pens.
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These are lobsters.
Grammar for You Book 4 Unit 3 Pronouns
3. Possessive Adjectives and Possessive Pronouns are used to show ownership, that is, something belongs to someone. [Its cannot be used as a possessive pronoun] Take note that a possessive adjective is followed by a noun while a possessive pronoun stands on its own. Examples: Possessive Adjectives • This is my dress. • These are their parrots.
Possessive Pronouns • The dress is mine. • The parrots are theirs.
. Interrogative pronouns : ‘what’, ‘who’, ‘whom’, ‘whose’ and ‘which’. 4 Take note that an interrogative pronoun stands on its own. What – used to ask about people, animals or things Examples: (for singular forms) • What is this? • What is that? (for plural forms) • What are these? • What are those? Who – used to ask about people as subjects Examples: • Who is she? • Who are they? Whom – used to ask about people as objects Examples: • Whom did he call just now? • Whom will they invite? Whose – used to ask about possession Examples: • Whose is this gown? • Whose are these notebooks? Which – used to ask about particular people, animals, things and places Examples: • Which is the best story? • Which are Mrs. Rosa’s high-heeled shoes? Take note that ‘what’, ‘whose’ and ‘which’ can be used as interrogative adjecives. An interrogative adjective is followed by a noun. Examples: • What colour is the shirt? • Whose wallet is this? • Which road is the busiest?
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