The Grammar for You Books 1-6 series is a package of comprehensive grammar books suitable for students as well as adult learners. The introductory notes and extensive exercises will help you improve your mastery of the English language.
for You
Key features: • Clear and concise grammar notes • Varied and fun-to-do exercises • Complete answers
a r a m G m r for You Sarah M. Maureen Lee
Get this title too:
Book 5
Book www.DickensPublishing.co.uk DA0105 ISBN 978-1-907580-13-0
Dickens Publishing Ltd
,!7IB9A7-fiabda!
5
UNI T
1
Nouns............................................................................ 1
UNI T
2
Articles.........................................................................8
UNI T
3
Pronouns.....................................................................14
UNI T
4
Conjunctions............................................................. 23
UNI T
5
Prepositions.............................................................. 29
UNI T
6
Adjectives................................................................. 35
UNI T
7
Adverbs..................................................................... 42
UNI T
8
Modals........................................................................ 48
PROGRESS TEST 1........................................................................... 52
iii
UNI T
9
Subject-Verb Agreement..................................... 65
UNI T
10 The Simple Present Tense.....................................71
UNI T
11 The Simple Past Tense.......................................... 76
UNI T
12 Positive Statements............................................... 83
UNI T
13 Negative Statements ............................................ 87
UNI T
14 Questions and Responses...................................... 92
UNI T
15 Sentence Types....................................................... 98
UNI T
16 Punctuation............................................................. 102
PROGRESS TEST 2 ....................................................................... 108 YEAR–END EVALUATION ANSWERS
..................................................... 121
................................................................................... 133
iv
Nouns
1
A noun is the name of a person, an animal, a place or a thing. Countable and Uncountable Nouns (a) Countable nouns are nouns that can be counted. Examples: ♦ book ♦ eraser ♦ pencil I can count these things.
(b) Uncountable nouns are nouns that cannot be counted. Examples: ♦ rice ♦ soup ♦ water I cannot count these things.
1
Grammar for You Book 5 Unit 1 Nouns
Collective Nouns A collective noun refers to a group of people, animals or things taken as a whole.
a bunch of bananas
a choir of singers
a gaggle of geese
Number Nouns A number is a word that is used to show if a noun is singular (one) or plural (more than one).
one frog
two frogs
A plural noun can be formed by: • adding ‘s’ to the noun Examples: ♦ bee - bees ♦ house - houses
♦ marble - marbles
• adding ‘es’ to a noun that ends in ‘-s’, ‘-ss’, ‘-x’, ‘-ch’, ‘-sh’ or ‘-o’ Examples: ♦ class – classes ♦ fox – foxes ♦ bus – buses ♦ watch – watches ♦ brush – brushes ♦ potato – potatoes • changing ‘y’ to ‘ies’ for a noun that ends in ‘-y’ Examples: ♦ dictionary – dictionaries ♦ lady – ladies
2
♦ story – stories
Grammar for You Book 5 Unit 1 Nouns
• changing ‘f’ or ‘fe’ to ‘ves’ for a noun that ends in ‘-f’ or ‘-fe’ Examples: ♦ knife – knives ♦ leaf – leaves ♦ thief – thieves Note: Some nouns have irregular plural forms or remain unchanged in spelling in the plural forms. Examples: ♦ man – men ♦ child – children ♦ sheep – sheep Common Nouns Common nouns are the general names of people, places or things.
woman office
cup
Proper Nouns Proper nouns are the special names of people, places or things. They begin with capital letters. Examples: ♦ Rahim ♦ Kuala Lumpur ♦ Merlin Tower ♦ Taj Mahal Gender Gender is a type of noun that shows if a person or an animal is male or female. • Masculine gender for words representing males • Feminine gender for words representing females Examples:
Masculine
Feminine
Masculine
Feminine
actor
actress
lion
lioness
king
queen
peacock
peahen
fox
vixen
ram
ewe
gander
goose
drake
duck
3
Grammar for You Book 5 Unit 1 Nouns
A Look at the picture. Group the things on the table correctly.
C o u n t ab le Nouns
Uncountable N ouns
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
4
Grammar for You Book 5 Unit 1 Nouns
B Underline the correct answer. 1
2
A (pack, box) of matches A (band, gang) of musicians 3
4
A (crew, queue) of sailors A (bunch, bundle) of grapes 5
6
A (shoal, batch) of fish
A (flock, herd) of goats 5
Grammar for You Book 5  Unit 1  Nouns
C Rewrite the sentences with the plural forms of the words in brackets. 1 There are many people waiting for (bus) at the bus station.
2 The men carried the (box) of fruits to the lorry.
3 Children should not play with (match).
4 Can you help me wash the (dish), please?
5 The squirrels are running on the tree (branch).
6 Felicia bought a few (apple) and (mango) at the market.
7 She is washing the (cup) and the (glass).
8 The rabbit ran into the (bush) to hide itself from the (fox).
9 The librarian arranged the (book) on the (shelf).
10 Two (ferry) were damaged during the storm.
6
Grammar for You Book 5 Unit 1 Nouns
D Underline the proper nouns. Circle the common nouns. 1 Uncle Peter is feeding the geese and the ducks near the pond. 2 Azreen and her sister, Azizah, are playing on the swings. 3 The scouts are going camping at National Park in May. 4 Tokyo, Shanghai and Seoul are famous cities in Asia. 5 The two officers are from the Ministry of Health. E Look at the pictures. Fill in the blanks with the correct nouns. daughter
1
waiter
rooster
There is a mare and a
stallion
tigress
under the tree.
2
The
3
Mrs. Lee’s
4
The
works at a famous restaurant.
5
The bushes.
is watching the deer from behind the
crows early in the morning.
likes to play the piano.
7
Articles
2
‘A’, ‘an’ and ‘the’ are articles. (a) ‘A’ and ‘an’ are called indefinite articles. They are used before singular nouns. ‘A’ is used before a noun that begins with a consonant sound.
Examples:
a boy
a leopard
a glass
a pillow
(b) ‘An’ is used before a noun that begins with a vowel sound or silent ‘h’.
Examples:
an axe
an elephant
an ice cream
(c) ‘The’ is called the definite article. It is used: • before a particular person, place or thing Examples: ♦ The man is my neighbour. ♦ The park is very beautiful. ♦ The blue bag belongs to Anita.
8
an umbrella
Grammar for You Book 5 Unit 2 Articles
• when there is only one such thing in the world Examples: ♦ The moon is round. ♦ The sky was cloudy yesterday. ♦ The sun is shining brightly.
• when the noun is mentioned for the second time Examples: ♦ Haida is wearing a dress. The dress is pink. ♦ I saw a cat. The cat had orange and white patches on its body. ♦ He bought a shirt yesterday. The shirt is made of cotton.
• before a singular noun that represents all members of a type Examples: ♦ The whale is a mammal. ♦ The dolphin is an intelligent animal. ♦ More and more people learn to play the piano.
We do not use ‘the’ with: • names of people and places Example: ♦ Tammy works as a clerk at a small company. ♦ They drove to Ipoh yesterday. ♦ The tourists will stay at Delton Hotel. • days of the week and months of the year Examples: ♦ Ms. Murphy will leave the town on Monday. ♦ It rains very often in December. ♦ My father will retire in July this year.
9
Grammar for You Book 5 Unit 2 Articles
A Which noun uses ‘a’ or ‘an’? Complete the table. doctor rose comb axe ring
ankle eagle iron
A
An
10
Grammar for You Book 5 Unit 2 Articles
B Look at the picture. Write ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’ in each of the blanks.
1 Mrs. Ronny and her children are cooking in
kitchen.
apron around her waist.
2 Mrs. Ronny is tying
3 Her elder daughter, Chrissy, is cutting some vegetables with knife. 4 Her younger daughter, Cristy, is beating some eggs in bowl. onion.
5 Her son, Darren, is peeling
plate.
6 Their cat, Whiskers, is drinking milk from 7 There is
clock on
wall. morning.
8 It is eleven o’clock in
11
Grammar for You Book 5 Unit 2 Articles
C Circle the correct answer. 1 Aaron received for Christmas. A a B an C the D −
toy car
3 She is drinking coffee now. A a B an C the D −
cup of
old
tortoise has hard shell. A A, − B An, a C The, a D A, the
9 We found bird’s nest. A an, an B a, an C the, − D an, the
4 A B C D
5 I gave my seat to woman a few minutes ago. A a B an C the D − 7
2 They waited at for half hour. A −, an B an, an C the, a D the, an
stars are hidden by clouds tonight.
A, a An, the The, a The, the
6
woman in dress is my aunt. A A, the B An, the C The, − D The, the
8
moon earth. A The, the B The, an C An, a D A, the
moves
10 ‘Do not walk on said gardener. A a, a B the, the C the, a D an, the
egg in
12
bus stop
red
round
grass!’
Grammar for You Book 5  Unit 2  Articles
D Cross the error in each sentence. Then, rewrite the sentence using the correct article. 1 There is the dictionary on the desk.
2 A ambulance took the injured driver to hospital.
3 A herbivore is the animal that eats only plants.
4 The Japan is a beautiful country.
5 She does not know an address of the company.
6 Mr. Johnson was born in a small town. A town is near London.
7 No one knows an answer to the question.
8 Please put the book on a second shelf.
9 A wind was blowing strongly last night.
10 I listen to a radio every morning.
13
Pronouns
3
Personal Pronouns Personal pronouns are used in place of common nouns or proper nouns. Examples: You
It
They
Personal Pronouns
I
She
We He
(a) A subject pronoun is used at the beginning of a sentence.
Examples: We like to eat chocolates.
I am from Africa.
14
Grammar for You Book 5 Unit 3 Pronouns
(b) Object pronouns usually come after verbs or prepositions.
Examples: ♦ Please pass me the book. ♦ We are looking for him.
Subject pronouns
Object pronouns
I
me
you
you
it
it
he
him
she
her
we
us
they
them
Demonstrative Pronouns (a) ‘This’ and ‘that’ are used for singular nouns while ‘these’ and ‘those’ are used for plural nouns. (b) ‘This’ and ‘these’ are used for people, animals and things that are near us.
Examples: These are my stamps.
This is a ladybird.
15