Diabetes Management: You Have A Choice To Make A Difference

When we eat, food enters the body, gets digested, and converted into glucose (basic sugar).

High glucose levels in the bloodstream signal the pancreas to produce insulin.

Insulin allows cells to absorb glucose from the bloodstream.

Half of the glucose contained in the food is absorbed into the bloodstream and carried to the liver. The other half is transported to the entire body.

The pancreas releases insulin due to the increased glucose in the bloodstream.

With the help of insulin, glucose is transported into the cells throughout the body. .

Cells use glucose to make energy for the body.

RISK FACTORS OF TYPE 1 DIABETES • Family History - Having a parent or siblings with type 1 diabetes.

• Age - T1DM and develop at any age but it is more likely to develop in a child, teen, or young adult.

INTRESTING FACT • Types 2 Diabetes is accounted for >90% of all cases of adult-onset diabetes mellitus in Malaysia

TIP: The lesser the risk factors, the smaller the chance of acquiring Diabetes

Lack of Physical Activity

HINT: Many of these major complications may not kill a person but will greatly reduce quality of life of a person

(OGTT) • •

•

Both tests are done in the hospital under the doctor’s supervision.

HbA1c: Stands for glycosylated haemoglobin.  Measures the average blood glucose level for the past 8-12weeks.  Not affected by Fasting or Random.

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT): Measures the body’s effectiveness in handling 75g of oral glucose.  Can obtain results after 2 hours.

Having a balanced diet does not mean deprivation. It merely means plan each meal properly and having the correct portion of different food. Food is generally divided into vegetables, proteins, carbohydrates, fruits, and water.

For each meal: • ½ of vegetables • ¼ of proteins • ¼ of carbohydrates For each day: • >2L of water • 1-2 servings of fruits

According to National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019 (NHMS 2019), a person should have moderate to intense intensity exercise, 5 times per week, each time more than 30 minutes.

TIPS: Beginners may begin with low intensity exercise, 3 times per week, each time more than 30 minutes

Having uncontrolled blood glucose level can lead to many eye diseases.

These diseases will eventually lead to blindness