PARTICIPATORY
adjective - par·tic·i·pa·to·ry
: Providing the opportunity for people to be involved in deciding how something is done.
Pre-face Our project explores how the current residents of Słupsk can re-claim their ‘right to the city’ through community participation, giving ownership back to the citizens of Słupsk and building an identity not only envisioned by the people of Słupsk but created by them. The challenge, is creating change in political priority of constructing cities. This change needs to correspond to human social needs rather than to the capitalist imperative of profit-making and spatial enclosure. The current capitalist structure benefits only a few and disregards many of the current residents of Słupsk. Through the teachings of David Harvey, Jaime Lener, Nabeel Hamdi and other initiations and organisation that use intervention as a form of creating ownership over space, we will explore another way of ‘Revitalising’ the City of Słupsk. The newly elected Major of Słupsk, Robert Biedron has recently promised to eradicate the partisan nature of Słupsk politics, as well as the city’s paralysing cronyism. His policies include tackling wasteful government spending, inadequate services and unnecessary bureaucracy . With this new wave of enthusiasm to create a better more sustainable city, Słupsk is at a pinnacle point of change. What this change could achieve has yet to be deliberated. Several plans from city architects, urban planners and competition entries have been put forward to revitalise the city, however with a severely limited budget and lack of community involvement these schemes, at best, are a naive vision of what the city could be and take no real consideration into what effect it will have on the citizens of Słupsk. The current development strategy circulates around the idea of enhancing tourism in the city as a way of generating funds for the city. The focus of these developments includes the additions of cultural centres, transportation networks, preservation of historic sites and enhancements of natural resources. The lack of community involvement has been eliminated due to the competition nature of these proposals. In order for change community advocates need to be created and ownership given back to them where local people can become agents of change, helping to define and steer the shape their own neighbourhoods take. What we propose would give community the tools they need to create this change of structure, by providing interventions that could equip poorer districts with recreational and commercial facilities and community services, just like any other areas of the city. These interventions could include workshops that allow the local residents to participate in and learn new skills to build such facilities they might need. Jobs could be created by turning these areas into tax-free zones, with tax breaks for manufacturing and service industries operating in these zones. Such tax free zones would attract investments and services from other neighbourhoods, helping to integrate these poorer areas with the rest of the city. In this way, enterprise around these regions would radiate out to the entire city.
1.0 - Introduction
1.1 - History of Słupsk & Pomerania 1.2 - Słupsk time-line
2.0 - Site Analysis
2.1 - Places of interest 2.2 - Public & Private green spaces 2.3 - Słupsk special economic zone 2.4 - Local business information 2.5 - Employment information 2.6 - Problematic areas 2.7 - Future development & NGO information 2.8 - Słupsk education information 2.9 - Future development sites
3.0 - Key problems
3.1 - Involvement meetings in Słupsk 3.2 - Problematic zones & causes 3.3 - Existing lack of trade skills 3.4 - Poor courtyard developments
4.0 - Participatory SĹ‚upsk, Urban Strategy
4.1 - Phase 1 - Inception 4.2 - Phase 1 - Implementation & scheme 4.3 - Phase 1 - NGO centre & Incubator relations 4.4 - Phase 1 - NGO Expo opportunities 4.5 - Phase 1 - Expo precedent 4.6 - Phase 2 - Courtyard initiative 4.7 - Phase 2 - Courtyard success phasing 4.8 - Phase 2 - Land gift incentive 4.9 - Phase 2 - Courtyard strategy 4.10 - Phase 2 - Participatory courtyards 4.11 - Phase 2 - NGO & courtyard relations 4.12 - Phase 2 - Economic zone led workshops 4.13 - Phase 2 - Innovation hub & start-up strategy 4.14 - Phase 2 - Community market strategy 4.15 - Phase 2 - Model perspectives 4.16 - Phase 3 - Economic zone inclusion 4.17 - Participatory precedent studies
5.0 - Final Solution
5.1 - Participatory implementation 5.2 - Participatory Strategy 5.3 - Funding Strategy 5.4 - Masterplan
6.0 - References
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SĹ‚upsk, Poland Poland is a country in central Europe being bordered by Germany to the west, Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east and to the north, Lithuania and the Russian enclave of Kaliningrad. In addition to that, Poland has a long coast next to the Baltic sea with vast amounts of low- lying rolling plains in the northern region of Poland while the Carpathian Mountains form a watershed and natural border with Slovakia in the southern region. Partitions of Poland occurred in three phases 1772, 1793 and 1795, perpetrated by Russia, Prussia and Austria, in which the size of Poland drastically and progressively reduced until, and after 1795, the final partition, the state of Poland practically ceased to exist.
Those territorial divisions were revised in 1807, when emperor Napoleon created the duchy of Warsaw and in 1815, the creation of the Congress Kingdom of Poland. Poland finally regained its independence on November 11, 1918, after 123 years of partitions by the Russians, Prussians and Austrians. It was on this date that the Polish Military Organization’s secret departments, demobilized soldiers, and legionnaires disarmed the Germans in Warsaw and other Polish towns.
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Most of the Pomeranian province is now part of Poland, but its western- most section is in eastern Germany hence the name of Mecklenburg- West Pomerania Land. Eastern Pomerania was once held by the Teutonic Knights from 1308- 1454, when it was later reconquered by the Polish. In the coming years in 1772, it was annexed by the Prussians and was made into the province of West Prussia. After world war 2, a small part of the region was restored to Poland, with the remainder of Pomerania becoming Polish in 1945. The German population of located within the eastern and central parts of Pomerania was expelled westwards and replaced by the Poles. The region is generally flat with numerous small rivers and lakes along the east coast. The origins of Słupsk can be traced back to the Slavic Pomeranian settlement on river Słupia in the early Middle ages. In 1265, Słupsk was given city right and by the 14th century, the town evolved to become a centre of local administration and trade. In 1648, Słupsk became a part of Brandenburg- Prussia based on the peace treaty of Osnabruck. It was later incorporated into the newly formed Prussian Province of Pomerania. In 1945, Słupsk became part of the People’s Republic of Poland when they finally gained their independence. Słupsk shares approximately three- quarters of its boundaries with the rural district of Gmina Słupsk, in which Słupsk is the administrative seat even though it is not part of the district. The Słupsk Special Economic Zone (SSEZ) is not entirely contained within its city’s boundaries as a portion of it lies within the district of Gmina Słupsk while some are located in smaller areas like Debrezno and other voivodeship such as Koszalin, Szczecinek and Walcz.
City rights
Town hall built
World War II
1265
1815 1945
1939 1945
1901
1910
1946
Stolp named SĹ‚upsk
Provenance of Pomerania
8
Tram line constructed
Tram line stopped
New station built
Incubator built
1959
1991
2012
1970
Uprising strikes
1997
Special economic zone built
2014
First gay polish Mayor
9
Train Station
10
Places of interest Economic Zone
River SĹ‚upia
Allotments
Museum Town Hall Shopping Centres 11
Public & Private green spaces
The main private green areas of SĹ‚upsk consist of numerous sites of privately owned allotment spaces as highlighted on the diagram to the right. These allotment spaces are used all year round and offer different activity uses such as food growing, family spaces and chill out areas.
There are numerous areas of public green spaces but some are more accessible and looked after than others, this shows by how often these areas are used by the public. There are limited amounts of public green spaces within the city centre which can be a problem for city residents.
Private Green Spaces
Public Green Spaces 13
Subzone Wlynkowko 100.2801 ha The area is entirely developed by investors. plastic processing industry , wood processing, metal industry, storage services, transportation, manufacturing.
1
SĹ‚upsk special economic zone
Subzone Westerplatte 38.4683 ha
Subzone Redzikowo 62.4777 ha
Includes the production of facilities and warehouses. The area is in the process of preparing technical documentation for equipment. technical infrastructure.
Businesses operating in the following sectors: metal, furniture manufacturing, LED lighting, processing plastics. 30 hectares are the property of Pomeranian Agency.
2
3
Economic Zone areas 15
Local business information 13328 Registered businesses (2012) 2.6%
2009
Decrease
2012
25% Sections (G) 10.5% Sections (L,N) 9.0% Sections (F) 8.4% Sections (M) 7.2% Sections (C) 39.2% Other
Section A Section H Section K Section G
Agriculture, forestry, hunting and fishing Transportation and storage Financial and insurance activities Wholesale, retail, repair of motor vehicles
67%
37%
32% 24%
Industry decrease 2009-2013 Section A 140 - 114
Section H 1040 - 873
Section K 570 - 496
Section G
3849 - 3430
3-5 Section B
60 - 82 Section D
409 - 538 Section P
25 - 31 Section E
Industry increase 2009-2013 19%
16
16%
13%
11% Section B Section D Section P Section E
Mining and quarrying Production/supply of elec, gas, steam etc Education Water supply; waste management
SĹ‚upsk local markets are in decline
4776 in unemployment (2013) 2009
1.9%
2013
Increase
2343 Male
49%
2433 Female
51%
618 12.9%
2405
Under 25 years Long - term unemployed 50.4%
455
Amount of Unemployed people
9.5%
Women after child birth
1401
29.3%
984
20.6% 15.9%
759
16.2%
774 3.3%
640
No Qualifications Without experienced training
Without secondary education 53.0%
2533
158
Over 50 years
Single parents
After serving a sentence 13.4%
Disabled
Employment information 27015 in employment (2012) 3.6%
2009
Decrease
2012
2343 Male
49%
40% Sections (M,N,O,P,Q,R,S,T,U) 30% Sections (B,D,E,F) 22.8% Sections (G,H,I,J) 5.7% Sections (K,L) 0.9% Sections (A)
Section A
Agriculture, forestry, hunting and fishing
Section B
Mining and quarrying
Section C
Manufacturing
Section D
Production and supply of electricity, gas, steam, hot water and air-conditioning
Section E
Water supply; sewerage, waste management and related activities
Section F
Construction
Section G
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles
Section H
Transportation and storage
Section I
Activities accommodation and food service
Section J
Information and communication
Section K
Financial and insurance activities
Section L
Activities of real estate services
Section M
Professional, scientific and technical activities
Section N
Activity in services, Administrative and support service activities
Section O
Public administration and defence compulsory social security
Section P
Education
Section Q
Healthcare and social assistance;
Section R
Activities, arts, entertainment and recreation
Section S
Other service activities;
Section T
Activities of households as employers; producing goods and services for their own needs
Section U
Extraterritorial organizations and bodies
2433 Female
51%
Problematic areas
1
2
20
Highest problem zones
1
Area surrounding Wojska Polskiego
2
Area surrounding Długą, Ogrodową
3
Area surrounding Wojska Polskiego
1
2
3 3
21
Future development & NGO information
Green twinning - European community of sustainability
Transport Hub competition
River SĹ‚upia development
Embankment competition
SĹ‚upsk-Ustka Dual City 22
Bulls sports club Rescue of monuments Volunteer Centre
Non Government organisations Sports
Association of friends ‘Spoke’ cycling tourism Centre for civic initiatives Association for sustainable development
Non Government organisations Foundations
Słupsk civic agreement The machinist association Joyful life foundation Development association Słupsk theatre culture society
Non Government organisations Associations
3rd forum of education Underwater association Association of Primary schools The academy of little athletes Foundation for sports & education
Non Government organisations Education
Association of economic innovation Regional council of engineers associations ‘Foot’ association of positive active people Foundation of mechanical engineers
Sign language association
Non Government organisations Environment
Słupia foundation
17.3%
17.3%
34.7%
26%
4.7%
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3987 in Tertiary level education (2013) Decrease of people studying 2012 2013 17.5% Decrease of people graduating 2012 2013 30.6%
1284 Male
32%
2703 Female
68%
1. Gdansk Higher School of Administration Branch Campus 2. School of Banking Gdansk 3. College of Engineering Economics 4. Social Science Academy 5. Department of Management and Entrepreneurship in SĹ‚upsk University of Economy 6. Higher Hanseatic School of Management 7. Akademia Pomorska (Pomeranian University)
3 2
4
5
1 7
Tertiary education sites 24
6
SĹ‚upsk education information 954 in vocational education (2013) 2009
Decrease
2013
13.1%
Vocational Courses offered:
1. Technical non-public Catering for Adults 2. Building Engineering 3. Special Educational Centre 4. Economics and Technology 5. Vocational School in SCKU 6. Vocational School and Technical School
2
1
Carpentry Masonry Plastering Cooking Nutrition
3
Hospitality Tourism Florist Locksmith Mechanics
Electrician Electronics Engineering Hairdressing Upholstering
4 6 5
Vocational education sites 25
Future development sites Anna Ĺ ajming - main road
Limited & out of date play spaces
26
Plac Zwycięstwa - used as city car-parking
Only road access
Town Hall site
SĹ‚upsk Town Hall
Pedestrian/ cycle routes
Limited city cycle routes are a problem
Local tennis courts not open to all
Embankment site 27
Tower block for office space now out dated
Local businesses to site boundary
Small local office space
28
Public bus stop
Limited car parking available to public and work force
Transport Hub site
Only train station in SĹ‚upsk
Poor pedestrian routes to station entrance
Limited green transport parking facilities
29
Poorly kept shed buildings to courtyards
River banks offer poor accessibility
River SĹ‚upia site 30
Large bin stores taking courtyard space
Car parking takes priority of space
Poor pedestrian and cycle routes
Residential buildings are in need of repair
Courtyards are kept in poor condition
Courtyard sites
Large amount of foliage hides views
Pedestrian and kayak accessibility are poor
31
Private family allotment spaces are popular with city residents
the
Key
33
city area.
within
Student liaison meetings Planning Department During these discussions it was highlighted what areas the planning department were looking at for redevelopment, the main areas were the courtyard spaces and the embankment. The planning department also drawn the attention to the development zones and their own regulations.
Residential site visit The planning office organised a site visit around the both existing and developed residential areas to compare the current situations the city face to redevelop the area. There was a massive difference between the two sites and real problems can be find in the deprived areas of the city.
NGO meeting There are over 400 NGO’s in Słupsk and one of these NGO’s has been trying to make a difference with council and resident relations by organising local community events around a certain park in the city. The NGO explained how the problems in trying to get the community involved is their biggest problem.
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Community workshop The council and Plymouth University organised a community workshop in where local and non local residents can come and discuss their views on the problems and future of SĹ‚upsk. This was a major benefit in understanding the community and how they see and use the city.
Meeting with the Mayor The mayor highlighted the major problems that SĹ‚upsk have to overcome in the coming years. The council have very little funding, unemployment levels are very high and the local community struggle to develop and learn skills post education. He was very interested in what proposals we may have.
Pomerania Academy We had the chance to present our findings of the city to the Academy, local residents and the council. Our review and analysis of the city and the councils policies were discussed along with a feedback session for the people who attending the meeting. The local view was the liked the city and didn’t want change.
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10
9
8 7 6 5
2
3
4
1
Highest problematic zones in SĹ‚upsk 36
Problematic zones & causes
1
2
3
High level of poverty
High social exclusion
High level of poverty
High unemployment
High unemployment
High unemployment
Low housing value
High crime
High social exclusion
Low economic activity
Low housing value
Low economic activity
4
5
6
High level of poverty
High unemployment
High crime
High unemployment
High crime
Low economic activity
Low economic activity
High delinquency
Low housing value
High crime
High level of poverty
High social exclusion
7
8
9
Low economic activity
High level of violence
High level of poverty
High delinquency
High unemployment
High unemployment
High level of violence
High crime
Low housing value
High social exclusion
High delinquency
Existing lack of trade skills
Carpentry Skills
Electrical Skills
Engineering Skills
Agricultural Skills 38
Masonry Skills
Mechanical Skills
Plastering Skills
It was highlighted that many people in the city struggle to learn skills that can progress them into future careers. Many of the skills lacking are the main trade skills, these are the main areas where the city struggle to find employment. These skills can be taught in new ways not just post eduction.
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Poor courtyard development Fenced off child’s play area creating boundaries
Expensive ground material to be replaced
40
Only one function available to residents
Advertising posters hidden behind play space
No relationship with existing buildings
Not a very inviting shelter space
Poorly positioned resident seating
Building only covering board game space
41
High fenced area creating boundaries
Poorly positioned seating for residents
42
Sports court for only one function
Hard ground cover taking up most space
Older buildings left without any thought
The car still takes priority in a public space
Badly designed plant beds take up space
Hard ground cover overused
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Residents & students of SĹ‚upsk have shown interest in the future of their city.
Urban a new
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for
Phase 1 - Inception Courtyard communicators
NGO’s
Community relations
Community promoters
Słupsk future culture values
Community relations
Start-up businesses Promotion skills
Słupsk City Council
Knowledge Exchange Start-up workshops
Financial rewards
Land gifts to courtyards
Innovation Hub Incubator involvement Słupsk future development
The the the ate
first phase in creating the participatory Słupsk strategy starts with council, they have the power to generate the starting process of strategy. The first phase would involve making the decision to crean NGO centre that will become the inception for the strategy process.
The NGO centre would act as a mediator between the community courtyards and the council along with establishing a knowledge exchange & innovation hub which will intend to invite industries and incubators to join in with the process. The strategy would then strive to succeed for the benefit of a better Słupsk with everyone having a chance to be involved in the process .
Potential NGO centre sites
2
1
3 4
1
3 2
4
Site Pro’s
Site Con’s
Development land City centre site
Large public green space Hidden by resident blocks
Large space available Good accessibility
Good connectivity
Existing public park
Highly used land
Existing NGO involvement Limited development space
Good accessibility
Good connectivity Good accessibility Council relations Public relations Development land City centre site
Highly used car park Limited development space Historic site
Development space Close to existing residents
Limited development space Poor accessibility Existing infrastructure Flood risk site
Existing industry in place
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Possible development planned
SĹ‚upsk Town Hall square offers a unique space for the future NGO centre site
49
1
Existing NGO positions
2
8 17 16 15
12 13
9
14
10
3
11
5 7
4
6
50
Phase 1 - Implementation & Scheme Step 2 The idea for phase 2 is to move some of the NGOs scattered around the city to a more centralized location, such as the town hall’s car park. This is to enable easy access of the NGOs for the public as well as industries and institutions. This proposal would also facilitate the various NGOs to work as a collective group and would act as a central headquarters for the group. Events such as ‘Maker Faire’ and “Maker Con’ can also be held here.
Possible starter NGO’s: 4
1
Underwater Association
10 ‘Spoke’ Cycling tourism
2
The Academy of little athletes
11 Development association
3
Słupsk civic agreement
12 Foundation of mechanical engineers
4
Association of friends
13 League of conservation
5
Słupsk association for sustainable development
14 The machinist association
6
Education association
7
Słupsk theatre culture society
16 Słupia foundation
8
Association of economic innovation
17 Sign language association
9
Rescue of monuments
15
Association of Scientific and Technical Engineers
51
1
C1
C2
2 C5
5
C3 3
NGOs co.
4
C4
Third party connections
Step 3 With the completion of Phase 1, the centralized NGOs would identify potential courtyards whereby workshops and workspaces would be created to enable the residents within the courtyards participate and learn new skills. If the program would be deemed a success, this proposal would then spread out to even more courtyards around the city. Institutions can also work to develop and enhance
together the skills
with the through
NGOs training.
Start up business connections
NGOs co.
Step 4 Start- up businesses can begin to emerge as individuals from the courtyards begin commercialising their products as well as their skill set. Funding for these start- up businesses will be assisted by the town council as well as kickstarter funds which can be organized by the Centralized NGOs. Mentorship emerge as
as well more of
as employment opportunities would also these start- up businesses begin to thrive.
Industry workshops Material recycle scheme Existing connections Apprentice scheme Future Exbo. connections
Learning workshops Future Exbo. connections Cross relations with industries Use of incubator facilities Innovation hub
Industries
Incubator
NGOs co.
Council
Other NGOs
Start up business workshops
In house connections
Tax incentive to start-ups Planning & Development experience Professional relations
Knowledge exchange Courtyard workshops Future NGO Exbo.
Step 4 - Connections The major benefit from step 4 will be the connections the NGO’s can take advantage of, these connections can be spread across to other NGO’s within the centre or to the courtyard spaces to create workshops for them to gain new skills and community bonds . The prospect of these connections can create an inclusive system for actors involved.
Lack of community involvement due to poor workshop infrastructure
Phase 1 - NGO centre & Incubator relations ‘Increase in the enterprise innovativeness for keeping up a fast paced economic growth and for creating new and better employment possibilities.’ Strategic goals of Polish innovation policy, as described in “Strategy for increasing the innovativeness of the economy in the years 2007- 2013”.
Polish Technology incubators
In these crucial spaces; INNOVATIVE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT meets with the potential and expectations of BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS AND FUNDERS. It is here where small and nascent enterprises, hungry for success and expansion, get a chance to succeed and where everyone interested in innovative entrepreneurship can cooperate and flourish together. There is a total of 60 institutions each divided into 3 main innovation centres; TECHNOLOGY PARKS, TECHNOLOGY INCUBATORS AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER CENTRES. All these possibilities will be presented in subsequent pages.
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Technology incubators are designed to support newly founded, innovative enterprises as they mature and until they can independently operate in the market.
Technology Incubators in Poland: - Kielce Technology Park - Science and Technology Park Poland-East in Suwałki - Szczecin Science and Technology Park - Szczecin Entrepreneurship Centre - Academic Entrepreneurship Incubator of the University of Zielona Góra - Foundation for the Support of Entrepreneurship and Science - Elbląg Modern Information Technology Incubator - Rybnik Technological Incubator - Western Innovation Centre - Kalisz Business Incubator - Krosno Technology Incubator - IN-MARR Business Incubator - Białogard Technology Incubator - Technology InQbator of the Poznan Science and Technology Park The incubators’ support may extend to: PREFERENTIAL RENT RATES, ACCESS TO THE RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE, BUSINESS NETWORKS, LABORATORIES IN R&D CENTRES, ESTABLISHING CONTACTS WITH COMMUNITIES, AID IN TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND COMMERCIALIZATION AS WELL AS IN FUNDRAISING. All together, over 382 entities are served by technology incubators, providing nearly two thousand potential jobs. A single incubator gives birth to around six firms every year. Technology incubators should be expected to ACT AS A BRIDGE BETWEEN THE WORLDS OF INDUSTRY as they already contribute greatly to the initiation of such cooperation.
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Phase 1 - NGO Expo opportunities The primary function of technology transfer centres (TTC) is to create links between the worlds of businesses and to commercialize outputs. They contribute strongly to the increase in innovation and competitiveness of enterprises and regional economies.
Technology Transfer Centres in Poland:
Transfer Centres
Their activities are focused primarily on RAISING AWARENESS ABOUT THE RESEARCH BEING CONDUCTED, ACQUIRING BUSINESS PARTNERS AND COMMERCIALIZING THE RESULTS OF THE RESEARCH WORKS. They are often ATTACHED TO ACADEMIC CENTRES AND SUPPORT ACADEMIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP, DEAL WITH THE UNIVERSITIES’ INNOVATION AND PATENT POLICIES as well as the matters of intellectual property (copyrights, property rights). Technology transfer centres are usually non- profit organizations.
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- Centre for Medical Technology Transfer and Technological Park - Centre for Technology Transfer and Entrepreneurship Development at the Warsaw University of Technology (CTTIRP) - Upper-Silesian Agency for Entrepreneurship Promotion Co. - International Innovation Centre of East (IICoE) - Świętokrzyskie Regional Centre for Innovation and Technology Transfer - “HORYZONTY” Association for Innovation and Technology Transfer -Sub-Carpathian Chamber of Commerce - Technology Transfer Centre Cracow University of Technology - Centre for Innovation, Technology Transfer, and University Development (CITTRU) of the Jagiellonian University in Krakow - University Technology Transfer Centre of the Warsaw University - Regional Centre for Innovation and Technology Transfer, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin
Technology Parks are basically organized industrial complexes, whose primary function is to support businesses that operate in innovative sectors and offer a variety of hi- tech products and services.
List of Technology Parks in Poland: - Lower Silesian Technology Park T-Park - Euro Centrum Science and Technology Park - Pomeranian Science and Technology Park - Krakow Technology Park - MMC Brainville - Nickel Technology Park Poznań Sp. z o.o. - Wrocław Medical Science and Technology Park - Bełchatów and Kleszczów Industry and Technology Park - Silesian Industrial and Technology Park - Pomeranian Special Economic Zone - Torun Technology Park - Technopark Gliwice Science and Technology Park - Łódź Regional Science and Technology Park - Poznan Science and Technology Park - Jagiellonian Centre of Innovation, LifeScience Park - Lublin Science and Technology Park - KGHM Letia Legnica Technology Park - Wrocław Technology Park
Transfer Parks
Entrepreneurship and technology incubators in the parks ENABLE INDIVIDUALS AND SMALL BUSINESS OWNERS TO START AND EXPAND THEIR OPERATIONS ON PREFERENTIAL TERMS. Such companies BENEFIT FROM NUMEROUS TRAINING COURSES, CONSULTANCY, THE PARK’S INFRASTRUCTURE AND TECHNICAL FACILITIES, all of which increase their chances of succeeding in the market. Polish parks represent a good alternative for foreign investors.
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Phase 1 - Expo precedents MakerCon ‘We are caught between two opposing forces: Our tendency to produce more and more stuff we are literally drowning in, while the other is our human ability to make things. ‘ Barry Katz, Consulting Professor in the Design Division at Stanford University
Sponsors:
- Cisco - Sprout by HP - FLIR - MakeBlock - Artik - MarketWired - Nysci - MN
MakerCon is a professional conference organised by and for the makers. The maker movement is providing new insights and developments involving global manufacturing, design, workforce development and training, education and not forgetting the creative communities. MakerCon provides valuable, practical advices and understanding into the impacts of makers and making on education, the economy and new emerging markets. (ADVERTISING AND NETWORKING).
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Maker Faire ‘What we see in the Maker Movement, is that a relatively small amount of people can have a big impact. You don’t necessarily need the world largest company behind you.’ Dale Dougherty, CEO of Maker Media
Sponsors:
- Google - Microsoft - Intel - Nasa - Disney - Nicklelodeon - Sketchup - Vex Robotics
Part science fair, part county fair, and part something entirely new, Maker Faire is an all- ages gathering of tech enthusiasts, crafters, educators, tinkerers, hobbyists, engineers, science clubs, authors, artists, students, and commercial exhibitors. All of these potential individuals and groups come to Maker Faire to showcase what they have made and to share what they have learned. (KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE). DIY is often invisible and hidden within our communities, taking places in shops, garages, backyards,and courtyards. It’s typically out of the spotlight of traditional art or science or craft events. Maker Faire makes visible these projects and ideas that we do not encounter every other day. (COMMUNITY KNOWLEDGE EXPOSURE)
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Phase 2 - Courtyard initiative School learning
Knowledge Exchange
Innovation Hub Incubator teaching
Community Classes Public Allotments
Store Spaces
Courtyard Spaces Play Spaces
Industry learning
Workshop Spaces
Market Spaces
Business start ups
Community lead
New skills taught
The second phase will see the development of the community courtyard spaces, these spaces will overtime become more developed the more successful they are. The intention is to offer parts of residential courtyard spaces in deprived areas back to the community while generating different functions to the public. Over time these courtyard spaces will be run by the community in conjunction with the NGO centre to create workshops with the special economic zone industries and technology incubators to teach new skills, in result these skills can develop start up businesses within the centre and generate more jobs.
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Prime courtyard locations
63
64
Phase 2 - Courtyard success phasing
The first courtyard would be implemented next to the town hall. This would be in close proximity for the NGO’s centre and would start as a test bed for the following the courtyards.
Once the first courtyard is deemed successful the next would be put in place in an area further out. This one in particular would be adjacent to the existing market. Once this courtyard was completed the existing market would then move to Wojska Polskiego where the allotment spaces, workshops and skills would provide for the market.
Again, as these courtyards start becoming more productive several others can start up around in struggling areas of SĹ‚upsk who are in need of these spaces, so areas which are deemed as deprived and in need of development can become more developed with the participatory strategy.
This courtyard has several services and cultural buildings on site which could support the process of this particular courtyard. Each courtyard has the ability to adapt to its own needs and functions, the intention is that all courtyards will be individual.
Again with this courtyard, it has several services and cultural buildings on site which could support the process of this particular courtyard. It is also off a main street which could be used to draw people into kick starter businesses.
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Phase 2 - Land gift incentive
1
2
Land gifts would be given by the council to the courtyard residents. Each piece of land would be utilised dependent on the quality and space. This would reflect the activity given to a chosen space in the courtyard. For example larger spaces with access to sunlight could be used as allotment spaces which the residents could use to grow vegetables etc. These products could then be sold in the market to generate income. Storage units could facilitate equipment or could become spaces for workshops etc. Once a space is successful another piece of land could then be offered to expand activity etc. Due to the types of workshops and classes that would be on offer (skill based) the residents could then develop and expand this spaces as they chose and could change them over time suiting whatever purpose they need.
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Existing residential courtyards are in poor condition & in need of renovation
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Phase 2 - Courtyard strategy Deprived Courtyard 1 Using existing fabric
STORE
WORKSHOP
EDUCATION
CLASSES
PLAY
classes avaible which would be open to all.
Skills and knowledge based workshops open to community to enhance existing skills. These can also work with existing schools.
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Play spot for children intergrated with growing beds for all age groups to learn
n g o
Enhance courtyards
community
Create flexible/temporary spaces for residents to participate in workshops under shelter. Design spaces in which they can practice there skills and build upon the existing fabric.
Fill in the urban voids Use existing spaces around the back and sides of the block to build more residential housing, retail spaces and live-work units. Empty spaces to the north will need negotiating as they are privately owned.
Primary and Secondary routes New through routes created to connect the courtyards, from west to east. Primary routes connect to surrounding areas.
Create active frontages North spaces should have a greater connection to the city centre to draw more interest from the public
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Deprived Courtyard 2 Using existing fabric
ALLOTMENTS
Public allotment spaces growing food which can then be used for workshops and community classes
PLAY
EDUCATION
WORKSHOP
STORE
Skills and knowledge based workshops open to community to enhance existing skills. These can also work with existing schools.
Equipment storage available for communal use, loan service (self managed)
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Enhance courtyards
community
Create flexible/temporary spaces for residents to participate in workshops under shelter. Design spaces in which they can practice there skills and build upon the existing fabric.
Fill in the urban voids Use existing spaces to build more residential housing, retail spaces and live-work units. Relocate the existing market which currently existence there to more central location.
Primary and Secondary routes New through routes created to connect the courtyards. Primary routes connect to surrounding areas.
Create active frontages Use the main roads as a way to connect to the public. Ground floor units to be community businesses which create interest from the public and generate income for the residents. (i.e. retail, food, drink, services.)
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Deprived Courtyard 3 Using existing fabric
PLAY
WORKSHOP
STORE
CLASSES
ALLOTMENTS
Equipment storage available for communal use, loan service (self managed)
Play spot for children intergrated with growing beds for all age groups to learn
Public allotment spaces growing food which can then be used for workshops and community classes
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Enhance community courtyards Create flexible/temporary spaces for residents to participate in workshops under shelter. Design spaces in which they can practice there skills and build upon the existing fabric.
Primary and Secondary routes New through routes to connect the courtyards, to create a penetrable block edge. Primary routes connect to surrounding areas.
Fill in the urban voids Use existing spaces around the back and sides of the block to build more residential housing, retail spaces and live-work units
Create active frontages Ground floor units to be community businesses which create interest from the public and generate income for the residents. (i.e. retail, food, drink, services.)
Deprived Courtyard 5 Using existing fabric
EDUCATION
WORKSHOP
ALLOTMENTS
Public allotment spaces growing food which can then be used for workshops and community classes
PLAY
STORE
Play spot for children intergrated with growing beds for all age groups to learn
Equipment storage available for communal use, loan service (self managed)
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Enhance courtyards
community
Create flexible/temporary spaces for residents to participate in workshops under shelter. Different courtyard spaces available for different activities. Design spaces in which they can practice there skills and build upon the existing fabric.
Fill in the urban voids Use existing spaces to build more residential housing, retail spaces and live-work units. Larger East development available for development.
Primary and Secondary routes New through routes created to connect the courtyards. Main route through the centre. Primary routes connect to surrounding areas.
Create active frontages Use the main roads as a way to connect to the public. Ground floor units to be community businesses which create interest from the public and generate income for the residents. (i.e. retail, food, drink, services.)
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Deprived Courtyard 4 Using existing fabric
ALLOTMENTS
WORKSHOP
EDUCATION
PLAY
STORE
Play spot for children intergrated with growing beds for all age groups to learn
Public allotment spaces growing food which can then be used for workshops and community classes
Equipment storage available for communal use, loan service (self managed)
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Enhance courtyards
community
Create flexible/temporary spaces for residents to participate in workshops under shelter. Different courtyard spaces available for different activities. Design spaces in which they can practice there skills and build upon the existing fabric.
Fill in the urban voids Use existing spaces to build more residential housing, retail spaces and live-work units. New units to be added in the northern area of the site.
Primary and Secondary routes Main route through the centre, connecting the courtyards. Primary routes connect to surrounding areas.
Create active frontages Use the main road as a way to connect to the public. Connect more to surrounding institutional buildings.
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Phase 2 - Participatory courtyards
Effective courtyard strategy
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Courtyard spaces have limited usable space for residents
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Phase 2 - NGO & courtyard relations
NGO links to courtyards
Once the Knowledge exchange was set up and all the NGO’s had a base in which they could communicate in, they could then facilitate the courtyard spaces, helping them to set up workshops, allotments and community classes. The NGOs would be able to work side by side the residents in order to maintain progression.
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Potential courtyard links
Stage 1 of the courtyards would be the implementation of 5 courtyards spread across the city. Once these have been set up and become efficient, other courtyards can also start creating a larger network throughout the city. Each can then feed in to one another in terms of the programmes they offer. For example if a workshop is effective in one courtyard other communities may want to include it in their own courtyard. The knowledge exchange and innovation hub would be a base where these matters could be discussed between communities.
1. Subzone Wlynkowko
1. Subzone Wlynkowko
1. Subzone Wlynkowko
Plastic processing industry , wood processing, metal industry, storage services, transportation, manufacturing.
Plastic processing industry , wood processing, metal industry, storage services, transportation, manufacturing.
Plastic processing industry , wood processing, metal industry, storage services, transportation, manufacturing.
Participating economic zones
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Phase 2 - Economic zone led workshops
By involving the economic zones we can create a network of employers which can provide skills and materials for the residents of SĹ‚upsk. In return they can train future employees and will be given incentives such as tender rewards and development opportunities.
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Phase 2 - Innovation hub & Start-up business strategy
Innovation hub connections
The innovation centre would act as a stage for the residents to showcase there work and network with other business/institutes/foundations which can offer new ideas and knowledge and visa versa. This exhibition style event would happen every so often with different participants.
Kickstarter business will be created in vacant buildings and plots. Skills learnt form the workshop can be utilised to generate income and profit in which resident can input into a permanent space for their business in order for it to grow. Kickstarter businesses in these courtyards will benefit from NGO help and tax-free plots.
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Phase 2 - Community market strategy ECONOMIC ZONE
Provide recycled materials and create workshops
MAIN ROUTE
Wojsha Polskigo Marke
t
TRAIN STATION
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CITY CENTRE
Wojska Polskigo (Polish army street) is opposite the train station and adjacent to the bus station and is the main route into the city centre. Due to the nature of this street and the design layout we have created a street market in which residents of SĹ‚upsk can sell products they have made or grown.
Allotments Allotment spaces used by existing residents are able to sell products to generate an income. Courtyards Courtyard spaces enable residents to create and make products which they can then sell in the market. Existing Markets Existing markets can be re-located to a central location offering a wider selection of goods.
ALLOTMENTS ORGANIC PRODUCE
COURTYARDS WORKSHOP PRODUCTS
MARKET GENERATE INCOME
ENHANCE DEVELOPMENT
CITY ATTRACTION
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Wojsha Polskigo Market
Wojsha Polskigo is a prime location for a local market to encourage city users
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Phase 2 model perspectives
Open end routes for ease of access to residents
Existing disused buildings to become part of the new strategy
New buildings to be built within the courtyard to offer new functions
New public allotment spaces to be built
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Courtyards are not gated and are open to all
Existing residents have the control to see what happens to the spaces
New workshop buildings in the courtyards help residents learn new skills
Large existing buildings to be retained
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Existing shops consist mainly of coffee and food shops
Market stalls will be set up by residents from the courtyards to sell products
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Courtyards will have easy access to the market space
The new market space will get people to mover towards the city
New workshop units open to all residents
Multiple entrance points to the courtyards make it more accessible
New buildings have the ability to connect to existing structures
Open spaces have the ability to change overtime
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Courtyard spaces positined along primary & secondary routs
Empty plots could become potential start up business sites
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More courtyard sites can become available the more succesful they are
Secondary routes open the city centre up to residents
The success of this strategy can open the door for more courtyards in the city
The new market street & primary routes creates a unique link to the city & courtyards
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Phase 3 - Economic zone inclusion
Phase 3 would start to include the special economic zone industries, the reason to include these industries are due to their experience and relationships with other industries which can be beneficial to the innovation hub and knowledge exchange. The economic zone industries also have the chance to sign up to an incentive scheme with the NGO centre to help out with organising workshops for the courtyard spaces and the NGO expo space. The industries that sign up to this scheme will be rewarded for using their skills and experience as an incentive for joining the participatory scheme.
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Incentives & Motivation
Tax incentives
- Capital tax investment tax credits - Sales and use tax exemptions - Minimalization of VAT - Research and Innovation credits
Hiring Incentives - Wage rebates, job creation grants, employment related tax - Work Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC)
Training Benefits - Training grants for future training expenditures.
- Development and implementation of training programs grants. - Enable ease of excess to qualified and skilful workforce.
Non- Tax Incentives
Property Tax Relief
Green Incentives
- Infrastructure grants or assistance - Low cost financing for research and development expenditures - Utility discounts - Waiver of permit fees, discounted land procurements
- Reduction on property expansion tax - Minimalization of property tax - Property tax assessment relief and exemptions
- Reduction of landfill tax - Sales tax exemptions for solar energy systems and equipment, machinery and other materials for renewable energy technologies.
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Phase 2 - Participatory precedent studies
Detroit Future City In 2010 an effort to re-imagine a better future for Detroit was launched. The project has been a collective journey, inviting diverse input from technical experts within Detroit and around the world and also the community experts and everyday citizens who would be most affected by its recommendations. The plan includes the re-use and re-purpose of vacant factories and industrial zones. One of these vacant sites in include The Fisher Body Plant 21. This plant has been vacant since 1993. The plant once produced car bodies for Chevrolet and Cadillac cuts a striking figure. Its area spreads just over half a million square feet of floor space. Detroit Future City partnered with the Centre for Social Impact at the University of Michigan’s Ross School of Business to solicit proposals for the site’s redevelopment. Fourteen multidisciplinary teams submitted proposals that included not just the what, but the how for redevelopment. While the ideas are not immediately actionable, DFC’s Chris Dorle said the work of these teams are important because they have created a safe space for local communities to think of these properties as assets instead of liabilities. Detroit Future City begins to create new functions to abandoned urban voids utilizing existing spaces. Similarly the vacant blocks surrounding the courtyards would be given to residents for kick-starter business spaces which they could rent out at a low rate to start new business ventures and create a permanent space which they can work and develop further.
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Recetas Urbanas Santiago Cirugeda created Recetas Urbanas Architectural Studio in 2003. Continuing the development of subversive projects in different areas of the urban reality surrounding social and political issues. All projects are done through a negotiation process between the legality and illegality, as a way to remember the enormous control we are subjected. Projects include Aula Abierta, a self-built and self-funded space. The project, came about in response to the need of a space for physical and mental work, as well as urban reflections, started in 2004 when a group of students from the University of Granada and Recetas Urbanas assembled a classroom from materials gathered by dismantling a building that was set to be demolished. El Niu (“nestâ€? in Catalan) is a temporary architectural intervention that was designed for the Bòlit. It is located on the rooftop of one of its spaces at La Rambla, in a building that was a former police station, and it is now considered a heritage building. Its main purpose is to provide the Art Center with the necessary temporary infrastructure to do its artistic research and interventions. These projects in particular were built using materials from previous buildings, which were being demolished. Through the help of workshops and use of simple construction techniques, a collective body of people were able construct the projects without any previous building knowledge. This form of participation and intervention could be taken into the courtyard spaces, where residents can decide what it is they want to create and develop the skills they need to design and build it in a self-sufficient matter.
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Rural Architecture Studio e Atelier 3 Atelier-3 was founded by the Taiwanese architect, Hsieh Yingchun, his studio is based in rural Taiwan in the aftermath of the devastating earthquake of 1999. A new way of thinking about architecture was soon created in the wake of the earthquake; this began with the rebuilding of destroyed schools using vernacular techniques. Especially affected by the earthquake were remote aboriginal communities who were living in ecologically sensitive areas with a rich cultural heritage that was already under threat. These communities required help beyond the standard model of temporary disaster-relief construction. Rural Architecture Studio was set up in 2004 and carries out similar work in rural China, including work on the reconstruction effort following the Sichuan earthquake. Hsieh Ying-Chun’s way of architecture represents a real opportunity to consider and intervene in some of the most basic social and environmental issues. His approach to construction and materials enables a DIY, ‘open-architecture’, which does not require the need for specialised tools or knowledge, making it possible for those with little or no prior knowledge to participate fully. But this is not where his involvement stops. In one project, he helped the local community to set up a factory in their village which now produces prefabricated steel elements that can be sold to other communities that are also in need of low-cost housing. When looking at the courtyard development it is important to thing about available local material which can be used sustainable when creating new spaces. The techniques used should be relatively simple unless trained to do otherwise, so that everyone can participate.
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Participatory implementation
- Collaborations of NGOs, institutions and clubs, with various ideas and proposals. - Bridge between individual courtyard communities and other institutions. (EMERGENCE OF COMMUNITIES WITH INTERESTS) - Organizing conventions and expos where individuals from other courtyards gather to showcase their products and ideas and to exchange ideas. (KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE) - Advertise and create awareness of local projects conducted at courtyards. (AWARENESS)
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- Utilization of courtyards for individual workshops and workspaces. - Individual skills, individual projects - Opportunity to sells produce at the street markets. - Little exposure to other communities other then own courtyard community. (CLOSED SYSTEM)
- Emergence of start- up business with the support from town council and crowd-funding from technology transfer centres. (COMMERCIALIZING) - Mentorships and employment opportunities for the locals. (SKILL ENHANCEMENT AND FURTHER TRAINING) - Prototyping and innovation research.
- Further progression of business to manufacturing and distribution. (EMERGENCE OF LARGE SCALE INDUSTRIES) - Contribution to national economy. - Large scale employment opportunities. - Potential contributors and sponsors for technology transfer centres and its events. (FUNDING AND SPONSORSHIPS)
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Participatory Strategy Industry experience
Technology
Knowledge Exchange
Innovation Countrywide relations Hub
Industry relations
Apprenticeships
City Involvement
Scheme rewards
Workshop Scheme
Pl
Development rewards
Economic Zone Micro Relationships
Waste material scheme rewards
Financial rewards
Recycle Scheme
Start-up businesses
Workshop materials
Courtyard communicators Community relations
NGO’s
Słupsk City
Cou
Community promoters
Słupsk future culture values
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L
School learning
Knowledge Exchange
ons
Innovation Hub Incubator teaching
Community Classes
Public Allotments
t
Industry learning
Workshop Spaces Play Spaces
New skills taught
Courtyard Spaces Store Spaces
Community relations
Market Spaces
Business start ups
Community lead
Start-up workshops
City
ues
Knowledge Exchange
Council
Promotion skills
Land gifts to courtyards Incubator involvement
Innovation Hub
SĹ‚upsk future development
Financial rewards
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European Regional Development
The ERDF aims to strengthen economic and social cohesion in the European Union by correcting imbalances between its regions.
European Social Fund
The ESF is Europe’s main tool for promoting employment and social inclusion – helping people get a job (or a better job), integrating disadvantaged people into society and ensuring fairer life opportunities for all.
Cohesion Fund
The Cohesion Fund is aimed at Member States whose Gross National Income (GNI) per inhabitant is less than 90 % of the EU average. It aims to reduce economic and social disparities and to promote sustainable development. For the 2014-2020 period, the Cohesion Fund concerns Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia.
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Funding Strategy
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References Introduction: 1. Harvey, David, ‘The Right To The City’, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 27 (2003) 2. http://qz.com/304500/poland-elects-its-first-openly-gay-city-mayor 3. http://notesfrompoland.com/2015/07/07/liberal-secular-and-gay-polands-unlikeliest-and-most-interesting-rising-political-star 4. Lerner, Jaime, Urban Acupuncture Słupsk, Poland Sources: 5. http://europa.eu/about-eu/countries/member-countries/poland/index_en.htm 6. http://www.britannica.com/event/Partitions-of-Poland 7. http://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/poland/independence-day 8. http://www.britannica.com/place/Pomerania 9. http://www.slupsk.pl/ 10. http://www.gminaslupsk.pl/ Local business & employemnt information: 11. IPC, ,Diagnosis of the functional area of the city of Slupsk’, 2014 Future development & NGO information: 12. http://bazy.ngo.pl/search/results.asp?wyniki=1&kryt_nazwa=&kryt_miasto=slupsk&kryt_kraj=&kryt_pola=&kryt_typ_instyt_multi=17&baza=1&szukanie=zaawans1 Future development & NGO information: 13. IPC, ,Diagnosis of the functional area of the city of Slupsk’, 2014 Problematic zones: 14. IPC, ,Diagnosis of the functional area of the city of Slupsk’, 2014 Pages 56-59 sources: 15. http://www.developerweek.com/about/ 16. The Polish Agency for Enterprise Development, ‘Innovation Centers in Poland’, 2011
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Expo precedents: 17. http://makerfaire.com/makerfairehistory/ 18. http://makercon.com/ Participatory precedent studies: 19. Detroit Strategic Framework Plan, Detroit Future City (Detroit: Inland Press, 2012). 20. Awan, Nishat, Tatjana Schneider, and Jeremy Till, Spatial Agency (Abingdon, Oxon [England]: Routledge, 2011) 21. Recetasurbanas.net, â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Recetas Urbanas :: Santiago Cirugeda ::ArquitecturaSocialâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;,2015 <http://www.recetasurbanas.net/v3/index.php/es/> [accessed 10 December 2015].
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Images All images are created by the author unless stated below: Page 49 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C5%82upsk Page 51 http://makercon.com/ http://makerfaire.com/makerfairehistory/ Page 57 - 61 http://makercon.com/ http://makerfaire.com/makerfairehistory/ Page 105 http://www.euro-freelancers.eu/eu-funding/
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