排灣語德文方言分類詞彙手冊 by gov PingTung

Tjinukuvuljan

௨ ᡼ ᇟ ቺ Ў Б ‫ ق‬ϩ ᜪ ຒ ༼ Ћ н! A Handbook of Classified Vocabulary of Paiwan Tjukuvulj Dialect

ᎄҸᐇ

хߎप

࢒εқ

ጓ๱

ࡀܿᑜࡹ۬!

߻‫!ق‬ !

!!!!Ƞ௨᡼ᇟቺЎБ‫ق‬ϩᜪຒ༼Ћнȡ(Tjinukuvuljan)!ਥᏵ‫ࢂޑ‬౜ж ቺЎБ‫)ق‬Tjukuvulj*‫ޑ‬αॣǴࢂ۸ჴև౜၀Б‫ق‬ᇟॣຒ༼੝Յ‫ޑ‬๱բǶ ҁЋн‫ޑ‬ϣ৒ϷጓᒠБԄࢂஒ௨᡼ᇟऊ 1800 ঁ୷ᘵຒ༼ϩࣁȨԾฅ ᆶӦ౛ȩǵȨ෌‫ނ‬ȩǵȨ୏‫ނ‬ȩǵȨΓᆶΓሞᜢ߯ȩǵȨ‫ي‬ᡏǵᏔ‫۔‬ ᆶ੯ੰȩǵȨਔ໔ȩǵȨБӛᆶӦӜȩǵȨΓᆀжຒȩǵȨᅪୢຒȩǵ ȨኧӷȩǵȨᚑՅȩǵȨғࢲᆶ‫ڀ‬ᡏӜຒȩǵȨᆒઓᆶ‫ܜ‬ຝӜຒȩǵ Ȩ୏ຒȩǵȨ‫׎‬৒ຒȩǵȨୋຒᆶೱௗຒȩǵȨᔕᖂຒȩǵȨதҔӜȩ ฻൳ঁε໨Ǵ‫ঁ؂‬ε໨ύ‫߄ޑ‬਱ϣԖύЎǵᛥଭᙯቪǵ୯ሞॣ኱Ǵа ϷमЎ‫ޑ‬኱ຏǴ߻Β‫ޣ‬ёբࣁ௲‫ػ‬ᏢಞϐҔǴԶࡕΒ‫߾ޣ‬ёග‫ٮ‬Ꮲೌ! )Ѐ‫ࢂځ‬୯ሞᏢ‫!*ޣ‬Бय़‫زࣴޑ‬Ǵࢂ΋ҁӕਔ‫ڀ‬ԖჴҔ‫܄‬аϷᏢೌ‫܄‬ ‫ޑ‬π‫ڀ‬ਜǶ! !!!!ҁԛຒ༼ፓࢗᆶጓᒠόֹऍϷᒱᇤϐೀӧ‫܌‬ᜤխǴࣰ᠐‫୼ૈޣ‬ό սࡰ҅Ƕ! ! ! ጓ‫!ޣ‬2016 ԃ 12 Д!

! ! 1I

ጓ‫ޣ‬ᙁϟ! ! !!!ᎄҸᐇ! !!!Ѡ᡼໦݅ΓǶ! !!!ч٧εᏢύЎ‫س‬ᇟ‫ق‬ᏢറγǶ! !!!Ьाࣴ‫ز‬ሦୱ;!Б‫ق‬Ꮲǵ‫཮ޗ‬ᇟ‫ق‬Ꮲǵॣ‫س‬ᏢǶ! !!!Ьाࣴ‫ز‬ᇟ‫!;ق‬௨᡼ᇟǵѲၭᇟǵߓऍᇟǵᎹ ഩᇟǵ‫ࠄڒ‬ᇟǵၽᇟǵᖻቺլᇟǵੀ໡ᇟǵ߉ᇟǵᅈᇟǵᒴդᇟǵເྕ լᇟǵᆢրᅟᇟǵᆾђᇟǵၲᄠᅟᇟǶ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!!!!хߎप!)Runiɡaw Ravan*! !!!!ғ‫ ܭ‬1970 ԃቺЎ‫ ׸‬Kinɡdjaluan ೽ပǶ౜ࣁӦ ᑃ‫ٽ‬ჴᡍλᏢ௼ᇟᄤЎϯԴৣǶठΚ‫ܭ‬໺‫܍‬೽ပ Ўϯǵൺ‫ػ‬໺಍բ‫ނ‬Ϸ௢ቶ೽ပౢ཰ǴයૈҔ໺ ಍‫ޑ‬ξ݅ඵችǴख़༟ӅғӅӳ‫ޑ‬ғᄊ೽ပǶ

! ! ! II 2

!!!࢒εқ)Qalameljan Tjalivatan*! !!!!ғ‫ ܭ‬1942 ԃቺЎ‫ ׸‬Kaumaqan ೽ပǶම Һ‫ߏ׸‬Ϸᓯᆽϕշ‫ޗ‬౛٣ߏǴҞ߻ࣁӦᑃ‫ٽ‬ჴ ᡍλᏢЎϯԴৣǴ໺‫܍‬೽ပЎϯǹҭᏼҺђϻ ኷༾ਓՉှᇥ঩ǴЇሦਓΓᇡ᛽ξ݅ඵችϷᡏ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!ᡍࢲ୏฻Ƕ!

ᒌ၌ೖፋჹຝ! ! Җҏ‫ۂ‬ǵଯীζǵယߎξǵ ᔎమ፵ǵᔎߎ‫ۂ‬ǵᔎߎमǶ! ! ! III 3

III

௨᡼ᇟቺЎБ‫ق‬ᙁϟ! ᶨˣ⽟㔯㕡妨ġ ⽟㔯悐句 (Tjukuvulj) ỵ㕤⯷㜙䷋ᶱ⛘攨悱⽟㔯㛹炻㗗ᶨᾳ㌺䀋㕷␴欗↙㕷㶟⯭䘬㛹句ˤ㌺䀋㕷⍰↮䁢㉱䒎䇦佌 (Ravar) ẍ⍲ⶫ㚡䇦佌 (Vuculj) 炻⛐⽟㔯悐句⎴㗪℟㚱忁ℑᾳ佌䘬⭞㕷炻⚈㬌⎗ẍ婒⽟㔯䘬㕷佌ㆸ↮庫䁢墯暄炻⎴㗪㚱㌺䀋㕷㉱䒎䇦佌ˣ㌺䀋㕷ⶫ㚡䇦佌炻 ẍ⍲曏⎘佌欗↙㕷ˤġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ⽟㔯㕡妨Ⱄ㕤㌺䀋婆䘬ˬ⊿悐㕡妨˭ᷕˬ仢 q ✳㉱䒎䇦㓗˭䘬ᶨ ᾳ⛘㕡⛇婆ˤˬ⋿悐㕡妨˭␴ˬ⊿悐㕡妨˭䘬ᷣ天ⶖ䔘⛐㕤 tj ␴ dj 䘬嬨枛炻⇵侭嬨䁢䠔柶⠆㒎枛[ʨ]␴[ʥ]炻侴⼴侭嬨䁢䠔柶⠆枛[c]␴[ɟ]炻 ㆾ㗗滺漎⠆枛[t]␴[d]ˤ夳ᶳ堐㭼庫⽟㔯冯℞Ṿ⊿悐㕡妨␴⋿悐㕡妨⸦ ᾳ慵天婆枛ᶲ䘬ⶖ䔘ˤ ⎌㦻 (⋿悐) ᶱ ᶨ䘦暐 Ⱉ ⬑⫸

tjelu [ʨəɭu] taiday [taidaj] qudjalj [quʥaʎ] ɡadu [ɡadu] aljak [aʎak]

⸛␴ (⊿悐) tjelu [cəɭu] taiday [taidaj] qudjalj [quɟaʎ] ɡadu [ɡadu] aljak [aʎak]

⽟㔯 (⊿悐) tjelu [cəɭu] taiday [taidaj] qudjalj [quɟaʎ] ɡadu [ɡadu] aljak [aʎak]

ᶱ⛘ (⊿悐) telu [təɭu] taiday [taidaj] qudalj [qudal] ɡadu [ɡadu] aljak [alak]

⽟㔯㕡妨冯⎴⛐ᶱ⛘攨悱䘬ᶱ⛘ (Timur)ˣ忼Ἦġ ĩTavatavangĪ ˣ IV 4

楔⃺ (Vuljulju) 䫱ˬᶱ⛘㓗˭䘬㕡妨㚱㇨ᶵ⎴炻ᷣ天ⶖ䔘⛐㕤ˬᶱ⛘ 㓗˭䘬㕡妨℟㚱ˬ冴朊枛冴⮾⊾˭(apicalization of the laminal sounds) 忁枭䈡溆炻⌛ t 冯 tj ᶵ↮(tj Ἕℍ t)炻d 冯 dj ᶵ↮(dj Ἕℍ d)炻⎎⢾ lj ḇᶵ㗗䠔柶枛[ʎ]侴㗗冴⮾怲枛[l]ˤ䃞侴⽟㔯ṵᾅ䔁 t 冯 tjˣd 冯 dj 䘬 ⮵䩳炻lj ḇ㗗䠔柶枛[ʎ]侴ᶵ㗗冴⮾怲枛[l]ˤ⚈㬌晾䃞⎴⛐ᶱ⛘攨悱炻⽟㔯㕡妨冯ᶱ⛘㕡妨⛐枛䲣㕡朊䘬ⶖ䔘ṵ㗗䚠䔞⣏䘬ˤ

Ḵˣ⽟㔯㕡妨䘬枛䲣ġ ⽟㔯㕡妨䘬╖⃫枛㚱 aˣəˣiˣu炻暁⃫枛㚱 aiˣauˣiaˣuaˣuiˣ iu炻忁冯⣏⣂㔠㌺䀋㕡妨ᶨ农ˤ ⽟㔯㕡妨䘬庼枛枛䲣⤪ᶳ堐㇨䣢烉ġ 暁⒯ ⠆枛

㒎枛

滺漎 t

⌟冴 ɖ

庇柶

┱

(h)

n ɭ

怲枛栓枛役枛

䠔柶

ʦʰ

⠆㒎枛滣枛

⒯滺

r w

V 5

⽟㔯㕡妨䘬枛䲣㗗ᾳ℠✳䘬ˬ⊿悐㕡妨˭炻ᶨ㕡朊㰺㚱ˬᶱ⛘㓗˭ 䈡㬲䘬ˬ冴朊枛冴⮾⊾˭炻⎎ᶨᾳ栗叿䘬䈡溆⯙㗗仢⮹ˬ⮷冴⠆枛˭ q炻忁ᾳ q 枛⛐ˬ⋿悐㕡妨˭ᷕ㘖念⬀⛐炻ḇ㗗⋨⇍⋿⊿㕡妨䘬ᶨᾳ 慵天婆枛ⶖ䔘ˤ ┱㒎枛 h ⎒↢䎦⛐㖍婆ῇ娆ᷕ炻⚈㬌㗗ᶨᾳῇ娆枛ỵ炻冯㛔㕷娆枛ỵ㚱㇨ᶵ⎴ˤ

ġ ġ ġ ġ ⷠ夳䘬庼枛枛嬲㗗Ļġ (ᶨ) 滺漎㶭⠆㒎枛/ʦʰ/⛐冯⇵檀⃫枛/i/㏕惵㗪㚫嬲䁢䠔柶⠆㒎枛[ʨʰ]: 枛嬲夷⇯: /ʦʰ/ → [ʨʰ] / ___ i ⤪: /ʦʰiʔaw/ → [ʨʰiʔaw] (欂)ˤ (Ḵ) 滺漎㶭㒎枛/s/⛐冯⇵檀⃫枛/i/㏕惵㗪㚫嬲䁢䠔柶㒎枛[ɕ]ˤ 枛嬲夷⇯: /s/ → [ɕ] / ___ i ⤪: /sasiʔ/ → [saɕiʔ] (坆垣)ˤ (ᶱ) 䔞◞枛 (sibilants) ↢䎦⛐⣖⃫ᷕ枛/ə/ᷳ⇵炻/ə/㚫嬲䁢冴⮾⇵⃫ 枛[ɿ]ˤ◞枛⊭㊔Ḯ sǃzǃʦʰˤ 枛嬲夷⇯: /ə/ → [ɿ] / [+ sibilant] ___ ⤪: /ʦʰəmas/ → [ʦʰɿmas] (䤆)ˤ /zəmuɡa/ → [zɿmuɡa] (䔓䔓)ˤ /səma/ → [sɿma] (冴柕)ˤ VI 6

⽟㔯㕡妨䘬慵枛ỵ㕤Ὰ㔠䫔Ḵ枛䭨炻Ⱄ㕤ˬ枛岒ᶵ㓷デ✳慵枛˭ (quality-insensitive stress)炻忁冯⎴䁢ˬ⊿悐㕡妨˭䘬⸛␴ (Piuma)ˣ 㲘㬎ġ ĩUlaljucĪġ 䫱㕡妨㚱㇨ᶵ⎴ˤ

VII 7

VII

ᛥଭᙯቪᆶ୯ሞॣ኱ჹྣ! ᛥଭᙯቪ!

୯ሞॣ኱!

a e i u p b t d tj dj dr k ɡ q c s z v m n nɡ r w y l lj h

a ə i u p b t d c ɟ ɖ k ɡ ʔ ʦʰ s z v m n ŋ r w j ɭ ʎ h

VIII 8

VIII

Ҟᒵ Contents ԾฅᆶӦ౛ Nature and Geography ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙

෌‫ ނ‬Plants ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙

୏‫ ނ‬Animals ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙

ΓᆶΓሞᜢ߯ Human and Personal Relationship ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙

‫ي‬ᡏǵᏔ‫۔‬ᆶ੯ੰ Body, Organs and Disease ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙

ਔ໔ Time ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙

БӛᆶӦӜ Direction and Places ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙

Γᆀжຒ Personal Pronouns ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙

ᅪୢຒ Interrogatives ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙

ኧӷ Number ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙

ᚑՅ Color ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙

ғࢲᆶ‫ڀ‬ᡏӜຒ Life and Concrete Nouns ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙

ᆒઓᆶ‫ܜ‬ຝӜຒ Spirit and Abstract Nouns ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙

୏ຒ Verbs ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙

‫׎‬৒ຒ Adjectives ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙

1 23

ୋຒᆶೱௗຒ Adverbs and Conjunctions ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙

138

ᔕᖂຒ Onomatopoeia ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙

141

தҔӜ Names ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙

146

IX 9

Υ‫!ٯ‬ (㖍) 堐䣢ˬ㖍婆ῇ娆˭ˤ (救) 堐䣢ˬ救⋿婆ῇ娆˭ˤ (㻊) 堐䣢ˬ⚳婆ῇ娆˭ˤ [⥼⧱] / [㔯晭] 堐䣢ˬ㭼庫䥖尴⼿橼ㆾ㔯晭䘬堐忼˭ˤ [䰿὿] 堐䣢ˬ㭼庫ᶵ䥖尴ǃᶵ⼿橼䘬堐忼˭ˤ [侩] 堐䣢ˬ侩㳦䘬䓐㱽˭ˤ [㕘] 堐䣢ˬ㕘㳦䘬䓐㱽˭ˤ [ ] 堐䣢忚ᶨ㬍䘬妋慳ˤ

Symbols {J} indicates the “Japanese” loanword. {M} indicates the “Southern Min dialect” loanword. {C} indicates the “Mandarin Chinese” loanword. The numbers like 荛, 荜 or 荝 in the brace, like {荛J} , indicate the word mentioned is a Japanese loanword, so are the “Southern Min dialect” and the “Mandarin Chinese” loanwords. [E] indicates “euphemism” of the lexical item. [R] indicates “rudeness” of the lexical item. [Old] indicates the lexical item is used by “older generation”. [New] indicates the lexical item is used by “younger generation”. The contents in [ ] give further explanation of the word.

X 10

ԾฅᆶӦ౛! Nature and Geography

ύЎ

ᛥଭ࡫ॣ

୯ሞॣ኱

मЎ

Chinese

Roman Transliteration

IPA

English

kalevelevan

kaɭəvəɭəvan

sky

Ϻߝ

maljia

maʎia

dawn

Ϻ໵

masulem

masuɭəm

to get dark

ϼ໚

qadaw

ʔadaw

sun

Вр

cemedas

ʦʰəmədas

sunrise

ķ kiljaqur

ķ kiʎaʔur

Вပ

sunset ĸ maledep

ĸ maɭədəp

ķ teljar

ķ təʎar

໚Ӏ

sunshine ĸ cenɡelaw

ĸ ʦʰəŋəɭaw

Дߝ

qiljas

ʔiʎas

moon

ᅈД

nɡuanɡuaq a qiljas

ŋuaŋuaʔ a ʔiʎas

full moon

ཥД

maceviqanɡa a qiljas

maʦʰəviʔaŋa a ʔiʎas crescent

ДӀ

teljar na qiljas

təʎar na ʔiʎas

moonshine

ྣߝ

pateljar

patəʎar

to shine

ࢃࢃ

vitjuqan

vicuʔan

star

ଢᛉ

kaljidjekidj

kaʎiɟəkiɟ

to twinkle

чཱུࢃ

qinanava

ʔinanava

Polaris

ύЎ

ᛥଭ࡫ॣ

୯ሞॣ኱

मЎ

Chinese

Roman Transliteration

IPA

English

ࢬࢃ

qemeljesaljesay

ʔəməʎəsaʎəsaj

shooting star

ӹۖ

ljinaunɡan i kalevelevan

ʎinauŋan i kaɭəvəɭəvan

cosmos

荛 zinsikai (В)

荛 zinsikai

Шࣚ

world {荛J} 荜 i kacauwan

荜 i kaʦʰauwan

Ϻ਻

kinaqadaqadavan

kinaʔadaʔadavan

weather

නϺ

nasulapelj macinɡelaw

nasuɭapəʎ maʦʰiŋəɭaw

sunny day

഍Ϻ

veljelem

vəʎəɭəm

cloudy day

॥

vali

vaɭi

wind

‫ڊ‬॥

venali

vənaɭi

to be windy

ረ॥

raljiz

raʎiz

typhoon

ႜ

ɡelenɡ

ɡəɭəŋ

thunder

Ѻႜ

ɡemelenɡ

ɡəməɭəŋ

to thunder

ଢႝ

kiac

kiaʦʰ

lightning

ķ kemiac

ķ kəmiaʦʰ

Ѻଢႝ

to lighten ĸ celalaq

ĸ ʦʰəɭaɭaq

荛 qerebus

荛 ʔərəbus

໦

cloud 荜 kerebaw

荜 kərəbaw

ύЎ

ᛥଭ࡫ॣ

୯ሞॣ኱

मЎ

Chinese

Roman Transliteration

IPA

English

ਜ਼໦

naseleman a qerebus

nasəɭəman a qərəbus dark cloud

ᜦ

kerebaw

kərəbaw

fog

ଆᜦ

kemerebaw

kəmərəbaw

to be foggy

qudjalj

ʔuɟaʎ

rain

Πߘ

qudjaljan

ʔuɟaʎan

to rain

రߘ

kiqudjalj

kiʔuɟaʎ

get wet in the rain

ķ djeremedjem

ķ ɟərəməɟəm

ĸ semutjemutjemu

ĸsəmucəmucəmu

ତߘ

saljian a palamu

saʎian a paɭamu

shower

ഓ

sulja

suʎa

snow

Πഓ

semuljasulja

səmuʎasuʎa

to snow

Ӈ႞

kananu

hail

ķ kanen nua limudj

ķ kanən nua ɭimuɟ

ЛЛߘ

drizzle

Вᇑ

solar eclipse ĸ macaya qadaw

ĸ maʦʰaja qadaw

ķ kanen nua limudj

ķ kanən nua ɭimuɟ

ĸ macaya qiljas

ĸ maʦʰaja qiʎas

luni

ɭuni

Дᇑ

Ӧ᎜

lunar eclipse

earthquake

ύЎ

ᛥଭ࡫ॣ

୯ሞॣ኱

मЎ

Chinese

Roman Transliteration

IPA

English

ԖӦ᎜

lemuni

ɭəmuni

to have earthquake

ቹη

qailjunɡan

ʔaiʎuŋan

shadow

zaljum

zaʎum

water

荛 vaivaik a zaljum

荛 vaivaik a zaʎum

荜 siqaljudj

荜 siʔaʎuɟ

Нᖂ

saljian

saʎian

water sound

sapuy

sapuj

fire

ଆО/ᐨ

pucenɡu

puʦʰəŋu

to set on fire

荛 medjek

荛 məɟək

荜 maljama

荜 maʎama

Ĺ lemama

Ĺ ɭəmama

ྐО

qemevutj ta sapuy

ʔəməvuc ta sapuj

to extinguish

਻‫ݰ‬

bucaq

buʦʰaʔ

bubble

ߵ‫ݰ‬

bemucaq

bəmuʦʰaʔ

to bubble

‫ੁݢ‬

viqviq

viʔviʔ

wave

ᅁ෮

ljiminɡaljinɡac

ʎimiŋaʎiŋaʦʰ

whirlpool

kulji (В)

kuʎi

ice {J}

ࢬ

๱О/ᐨ

to flow

be on fire

ύЎ

ᛥଭ࡫ॣ

୯ሞॣ኱

मЎ

Chinese

Roman Transliteration

IPA

English

่Ӈ

makulji

makuʎi

to frozen

ᗩ

ljaqas

ʎaqas

frost

่ᗩ

maljaqas

maʎaqas

to frost

៛Н

ljadjek

ʎaɟək

dew

றह

quljivanɡeraw

ʔuʎivaŋəraw

rainbow

kadjunanɡan

kaɟunaŋan

land

qipu

ʔipu

soil

‫ݝ‬

beneq

bənəʔ

mud

Ԫლ

qinevuljan

ʔinəvuʎan

dust

qavu

ʔavu

ash

荛 tulje

荛 tuʎə

ࣅ

charcoal 荜 qidunɡ

荜 ʔiduŋ

ҡᓐ

qaciljay

ʔaʦʰiʎaj

stone

۟ҡ

tjaɡulj

caɡuʎ

rock

৘Ꮫ

djeljey

ɟəʎəj

cliff

ᚨռҡ

baras

cobblestone

Н඲

mui

crystal

ύЎ

ᛥଭ࡫ॣ

୯ሞॣ኱

मЎ

Chinese

Roman Transliteration

IPA

English

؅η

vudas

sand

؅᠁

vudavudas

sand beach

ྟ

cevulj

ʦʰəvuʎ

smoke

ߵྟ

pecevulj

pəʦʰəvuʎ

to smoke

teljar

təʎar

light

วӀ

temeljar

təməʎar

to glow

ᖂॣ

zainɡ

zaiŋ

voice / sound

วрᖂॣ

zemainɡ

zəmaiŋ

to have sound

ӣᖂ

ljiminɡaw

ʎimiŋaw

echo

਻‫ښ‬

saluman

saɭuman

smell

३‫ښ‬

salum

saɭum

fragrance

ૌ‫ښ‬

sasequ

sasəʔu

stink

วр਻‫ښ‬

saluman

saɭuman

to be smelly

‫ݞ‬

pana

river

λྛ

veljeluan

vəʎəɭuan

stream

ੇ

vaunɡ

vauŋ

sea

ljaviavinɡ

ʎaviaviŋ

shore