Pinaremaretimaljimaljian a Kai nua Kacalisian na Setimur
௨ ᇟΟӦБقϩᜪຒ༼Ћн! A Handbook of Classified Vocabulary of Paiwan Timur Dialect
ᎄҸᐇ!નࣔ!Ѓᅸ!ۂጓ
ࡀܿᑜࡹ۬!
!ق !
!!!!Ƞ௨ᇟΟӦБقϩᜪຒ༼Ћнȡ)Pinaremaretimaljimaljian a Kai nua Kacalisian na Setimur*!ਥᏵࢂޑжΟӦБ)قTimur*ޑαॣǴࢂ ۸ჴև၀Бقᇟॣຒ༼ՅޑբǶҁЋнޑϣϷጓᒠБԄࢂஒ ௨ᇟऊ 1800 ঁ୷ᘵຒ༼ϩࣁȨԾฅᆶӦȩǵȨނȩǵȨނȩǵ ȨΓᆶΓሞᜢ߯ȩǵȨيᡏǵᏔ۔ᆶ੯ੰȩǵȨਔ໔ȩǵȨБӛᆶӦ ӜȩǵȨΓᆀжຒȩǵȨᅪୢຒȩǵȨኧӷȩǵȨᚑՅȩǵȨғࢲᆶ ڀᡏӜຒȩǵȨᆒઓᆶܜຝӜຒȩǵȨຒȩǵȨຒȩǵȨୋຒ ᆶೱௗຒȩǵȨᔕᖂຒȩǵȨதҔӜȩ൳ঁεǴঁεύ߄ޑ ϣԖύЎǵᛥଭᙯቪǵ୯ሞॣǴаϷमЎޑຏǴΒޣёբࣁ ௲ػᏢಞϐҔǴԶࡕΒ߾ޣёගٮᏢೌ!)Ѐࢂځ୯ሞᏢ!*ޣБय़ࣴޑ زǴࢂҁӕਔڀԖჴҔ܄аϷᏢೌޑ܄πڀਜǶ! !!!!ҁԛຒ༼ፓᆶጓᒠόֹऍϷᒱᇤϐೀӧ܌ᜤխǴࣰ᠐ૈޣό սࡰ҅Ƕ! ! ! ጓ!ޣ2016 ԃ 12 Д! !
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ጓޣᙁϟ! !!ᎄҸᐇ! !!Ѡ݅ΓǶ! !!ч٧εᏢύЎسᇟقᏢറγǶ! !!Ьाࣴزሦୱ;!БقᏢǵޗᇟقᏢǵॣسᏢǶ! !!Ьाࣴزᇟ!;ق௨ᇟǵѲၭᇟǵߓऍᇟǵᎹഩᇟǵ ࠄڒᇟǵၽᇟǵᖻቺլᇟǵੀᇟǵ߉ᇟǵᅈᇟǵᒴդᇟǵເྕլᇟǵᆢ րᅟᇟǵᆾђᇟǵၲᄠᅟᇟǶ
નࣔ (Gincu Ruljadeng) ғ ܭ1955 ԃΟӦǶҺαޗ୯λǵΟӦ୯λ௨ ᇟԴৣǴᎿܴ୯λᄺᖳԴৣǴပε ᏢጓᙃፐำҺշǴΟӦߏԴ௲ߏԴǶ
Ѓᅸ( ۂLailai Palivuljung) ғ ܭ1940 ԃΟӦǶΟӦပ௨Ўϯ ӚБय़ख़ा܍ΓǴ೯᐀१ޑނᇙբǵ Ћ᛬(ڈᙇǵ੧ᙇǵܺႬǵᓐႬ)ǵᇥࡺ٣а ϷӚᅿࡺڂǶ III 2
III
௨ᇟΟӦБقᙁϟ! ᶨˣ㌺䀋婆䘬㕡妨ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ᶱ⛘ĩTimur炻⍰䧙⛘㐑Ī㗗㌺䀋婆ˬ⊿悐㕡妨˭ᷕˬᶱ⛘㓗˭䘬 ᶨ䧖㕡妨ˤˬ⋿悐㕡妨˭ˬ⊿悐㕡妨˭䘬ᷣ天ⶖ䔘⛐㕤 tj dj 䘬 嬨枛炻⇵侭嬨䁢䠔柶⠆㒎枛[ʨ][ʥ]炻侴⼴侭嬨䁢䠔柶⠆枛[c][ɟ]炻 ㆾ㗗滺漎⠆枛[t][d]ˤ⯙ˬ⊿悐㕡妨˭Ἦ䚳炻ℙ㚱ˬ仢 Q ✳˭ẍ⍲ ˬ㚱 Q ✳˭ℑ⣏栆✳炻ᶱ⛘Ⱄ㕤ˬ仢 Q ✳˭ᶳ䘬ˬᶱ⛘㓗˭炻⛐婆 枛㕡妨冯ˬ㉱䒎䇦㓗˭ˣˬ㲘㬎㓗˭ẍ⍲ˬ㜙㓗˭㚱叿慵天䘬ⶖ䔘ˤ 忁ᾳⶖ䔘⛐㕤 tj dj 忁ℑᾳ枛ỵ冯 t d 㗗⎰Ἕ䘬ˤ⎎⢾炻ᶱ⛘䘬怲 枛㗗滺漎怲枛[l]炻⮵ㅱ℞Ṿ㕡妨䘬䠔柶怲枛[ʎ]炻夳ᶳ堐䘬㭼庫:
⎌㦻 (⋿悐)
⸛ (⊿悐)
⣏䣦 (⊿悐)
ᶱ⛘ (⊿悐)
ᶱ
ʨəɭu
cəɭu
cəɭu
təɭu
ᶨ䘦
taidaj
taidaj
taidaj
taidaj
暐
quʥaʎ
quɟaʎ
quɟaʎ
qudal
Ⱉ
ɡadu
ɡadu
ɡadu
ɡadu
⬑⫸
aʎak
aʎak
aʎak
alak
⎗ẍ䚳↢炻ᶱ⛘㕡妨䘬 t c ⎰Ἕ䁢 t炻d ɟ ⎰Ἕ䁢 d炻侴ᶼ怲
IV 3
IV
枛ḇ㗗 l ᶵ㗗 ʎˤỽ⣏⬱(1978)娵䁢忁ᾳ㗗媪䘬ˬ冴朊枛冴⮾⊾˭(䠔 柶枛滺漎⊾)炻㗗ᶨᾳ䲣䴙⿏枛ỵ⎰Ἕ䘬慵天䎦尉ˤ斄㕤 tˣc dˣɟ 䘬⎰Ἕ炻怬↢䎦⛐ᶱ⛘攨悱䘬楔(Vuljulju)ˣ忼ἮĩTavatavangĪˣ⎋䣦 ĩSagaranĪᶱᾳ㕡妨ᷕˤġ ġ Ḵˣᶱ⛘㕡妨䘬枛䲣ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ᶱ⛘㕡妨䘬庼枛枛䲣⤪ᶳ堐䣢Ļġ 暁⒯ ⠆枛
p
b
㒎枛
v
滺漎 t
d
s
z
m
䠔柶
ɖ
庇柶
┱
ɡ
ʔ
k
(h)
ŋ
n
怲枛
l
栓枛
r
役枛
⌟冴
ʦʰ
⠆㒎枛 滣枛
⒯滺
ɭ
w
j
ġ ġ ġ ġ ᶱ⛘㕡妨䓙㕤仢⮹℞Ṿ⊿悐㕡妨㚱䘬䠔柶⠆枛炻⚈㬌枛䲣䳸㥳 庫䁢䯉╖ˤ┱⠆枛ʔ↢䎦⛐娆椾ẍ⍲娆⯦ỵ伖㗪䘤枛䚠䔞⽖⻙炻㭼庫 ㍍役ᶨ䧖䓊䓇⋨昼ἄ䓐䘬婆枛╖ỵ炻⠆枛䘬䆮䟜⿏岒ᶵ㗗朆ⷠ㖶栗ˤġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ┱㒎枛 h ⎒↢䎦⛐⢾Ἦ婆ᷕ炻ἳ⤪ˬ梃㨇˭[hikuki]ˤġ V 4
V
ġ ġ ġ ġ ⎎⢾炻䓙㕤滺漎怲枛 l ㌚冴怲枛 ɭ ⛐ᶱ⛘㕡妨ᷕṵ㗗⋨↮䘬炻 ⚈㬌⛐廱⮓䫎嘇㕡朊炻滺漎怲枛ṵ䓐 lj炻侴㌚冴怲枛⇯䓐 lˤ ᶱ⛘㕡妨䘬娆⯦-v ḇⷠ -w炻ℑ䧖䘤枛䘬㕡⺷᷎⬀炻᷎㰺㚱⚢⭂ 䘬夷⼳ˤġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ⷠ夳䘬庼枛枛嬲㗗Ļġ (ᶨ) 滺漎㶭⠆㒎枛/ʦʰ/⛐冯⇵檀⃫枛/i/㏕惵㗪㚫嬲䁢䠔柶⠆㒎枛[ʨʰ]: 枛嬲夷⇯: /ʦʰ/ → [ʨʰ] / ___ i ⤪: /ʦʰiʔaw/ → [ʨʰiʔaw] (欂)ˤ (Ḵ) 滺漎㶭㒎枛/s/⛐冯⇵檀⃫枛/i/㏕惵㗪㚫嬲䁢䠔柶㒎枛[ɕ]ˤ 枛嬲夷⇯: /s/ → [ɕ] / ___ i ⤪: /sasiʔ/ → [saɕiʔ] (坆垣)ˤ
ᶱ⛘㕡妨䘬╖⃫枛㚱 aˣəˣiˣu炻暁⃫枛㚱 aiˣauˣiaˣuaˣuiˣ iuˤ⃫枛䘬枛嬲夷⇯⤪ᶳ:
(ᶱ) 䔞◞枛 (sibilants) ↢䎦⛐⣖⃫ᷕ枛/ə/ᷳ⇵炻/ə/㚫嬲䁢冴⮾⇵⃫ 枛[ɿ]ˤ◞枛⊭㊔Ḯ sǃzǃʦʰˤ 枛嬲夷⇯: /ə/ → [ɿ] / [+ sibilant] ___ ⤪: /ʦʰəmas/ → [ʦʰɿmas] (䤆)ˤ /zəmuɡa/ → [zɿmuɡa] (䔓䔓)ˤ VI 5
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/səma/ → [sɿma] (冴柕)ˤ ᶱ⛘㕡妨䘬娆慵枛㭼庫䈡㬲炻ᶨ凔Ἦ婒㗗⛐Ὰ㔠䫔Ḵ枛䭨炻Ữ㗗 㚨⼴ᶨᾳ枛䭨ḇⷠⷠ㗗慵枛ỵ伖炻⚈㬌⎗ẍ婒㗗ℑ䧖慵枛䘮⎗䘬㕡妨ˤ ⛐℞Ṿ㌺䀋婆㕡妨ᷕ炻Ἓ⸛(Kaviyangan)ḇⰔ㕤忁ᶨ䧖慵枛㧉⺷ˤ
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VII
ᛥଭᙯቪᆶ୯ሞॣჹྣ! ᛥଭᙯቪ!
୯ሞॣ!
a e i u p b t d dr k ɡ q c s z v m n nɡ r w y l lj h
a ə i u p b t d ɖ k ɡ ʔ ʦʰ s z v m n ŋ r w j ɭ l h
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VIII
Ҟᒵ Contents ԾฅᆶӦ Nature and Geography ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙
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ނPlants ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙
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ނAnimals ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙
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ΓᆶΓሞᜢ߯ Human and Personal Relationship ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙
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يᡏǵᏔ۔ᆶ੯ੰ Body, Organs and Disease ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙
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ਔ໔ Time ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙
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БӛᆶӦӜ Direction and Places ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙
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Γᆀжຒ Personal Pronouns ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙
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ᅪୢຒ Interrogatives ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙
55
ኧӷ Number ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙
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ᚑՅ Color ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙
61
ғࢲᆶڀᡏӜຒ Life and Concrete Nouns ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙
63
ᆒઓᆶܜຝӜຒ Spirit and Abstract Nouns ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙
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ຒ Verbs ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙
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ຒ Adjectives ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙
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ୋຒᆶೱௗຒ Adverbs and Conjunctions ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙
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ᔕᖂຒ Onomatopoeia ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙
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தҔӜ Names ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙
141
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IX
Υ!ٯ (㖍) 堐䣢ˬ㖍婆ῇ娆˭ˤ (救) 堐䣢ˬ救⋿婆ῇ娆˭ˤ (㻊) 堐䣢ˬ⚳婆ῇ娆˭ˤ [⥼⧱] / [㔯晭] 堐䣢ˬ㭼庫䥖尴⼿橼ㆾ㔯晭䘬堐忼˭ˤ [䰿] 堐䣢ˬ㭼庫ᶵ䥖尴ǃᶵ⼿橼䘬堐忼˭ˤ [侩] 堐䣢ˬ侩㳦䘬䓐㱽˭ˤ [㕘] 堐䣢ˬ㕘㳦䘬䓐㱽˭ˤ [ ] 堐䣢忚ᶨ㬍䘬妋慳ˤ
Symbols {J} indicates the “Japanese” loanword. {M} indicates the “Southern Min dialect” loanword. {C} indicates the “Mandarin Chinese” loanword. The numbers like 荛, 荜 or 荝 in the brace, like {荛J} , indicate the word mentioned is a Japanese loanword, so are the “Southern Min dialect” and the “Mandarin Chinese” loanwords. [E] indicates “euphemism” of the lexical item. [R] indicates “rudeness” of the lexical item. [Old] indicates the lexical item is used by “older generation”. [New] indicates the lexical item is used by “younger generation”. The contents in [ ] give further explanation of the word.
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ԾฅᆶӦ! Nature and Geography
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ᷕ㔯
伭楔㊤枛
⚳晃枛㧁
劙㔯
Chinese
Roman Transliteration
IPA
English
⣑
kalevelevan
kaɭəvəɭəvan
ķ maljia
ķ malia
⣑Ṗ
sky
dawn ĸ cemedas
ĸ ʦʰəmədas
⣑湹
masulem
masuɭəm
to get dark
⣒春
qadav
ʔadav
sun
㖍↢
cemedas
ʦʰəmədas
sunrise
㖍句
maljedep a qadav
malədəp a ʔadav
sunset
春
teljar na qadav
təlar na ʔadav
sunshine
㚰Ṗ
qiljas
ʔilas
moon
㺧㚰
taqiljas
taʔilas
full moon
㕘㚰
vaquan a qiljas
vaʔuan a ʔilas
crescent
㚰
teljar na qiljas
təlar na ʔilas
moonshine
䄏Ṗ
pateljar
patəlar
to shine
㗇㗇
vituqan
vituʔan
star
攫䆵
kaljicekic
kaliʦʰəkiʦʰ
to twinkle
⬯⭁
ljinaunɡan
linauŋan
cosmos
ᶾ䓴
kacauwan
kaʦʰauwan
world
2
2
ᷕ㔯
伭楔㊤枛
⚳晃枛㧁
劙㔯
Chinese
Roman Transliteration
IPA
English
⣑㯋
kinaqadavan
kinaʔadavan
weather
㘜⣑
macenɡlav
maʦʰəŋɭav
sunny day
昘⣑
ljevelem
ləvəɭəm
cloudy day
桐
vali
vaɭi
wind
⇖桐
venali
vənaɭi
to be windy
桙桐
raljiz
raliz
typhoon
⇖桙桐
remaljmaljiz
rəmalimaliz
to have typhoon
暟
zunɡ
zuŋ
thunder
ㇻ暟
zemunɡ
zəmuŋ
to thunder
ķ kiac
ķ kiaʦʰ
攫暣
lightning ĸ celalaq
ĸ ʦʰəɭaɭaʔ
ķ kemiac
ķ kəmiaʦʰ
ĸ cemelalaq
ĸ ʦʰəməɭaɭaʔ
暚
qerepus
ʔərəpus
cloud
䁷暚
naseleman sa qerepus
nasəɭəman sa ʔərəpus
dark cloud
暐
qudalj
ʔudal
rain
ᶳ暐
qemudalj
ʔəmudal
to rain
ㇻ攫暣
to lighten
3
3
ᷕ㔯
伭楔㊤枛
⚳晃枛㧁
劙㔯
Chinese
Roman Transliteration
IPA
English
㵳暐
kipaqudalj
kipaʔudal
get wet in the rain
㮃㮃暐
daremdem
darəmdəm
drizzle
暟暐
zemuzunɡ sa qemudaqudalj
zəmuzuŋ sa ʔəmudaʔudal
thunderstorm
昋暐
zemiazianɡ a qudalj
zəmiaziaŋ a ʔudal
shower
暒
sulja
sula
snow
ᶳ暒
semulja
səmula
to snow
ķ kanen na vatu a
ķ kanən na vatu a
qadav
ʔadav
ĸ kanen na likuljav a
ĸ kanən na ɭikulav
qadav
a ʔadav
ķ kanen na vatu a
ķ kanən na vatu a
qiljas
ʔilas
ĸ kanen na likuljav a
ĸ kanən na ɭikulav
qiljas
a ʔilas
⛘暯
luni
ɭuni
earthquake
㚱⛘暯
lemuni
ɭəmuni
to have earthquake
⼙⫸
qailjunɡan
ʔailuŋan
shadow
㧡哕
ljauljaunɡ
laulauŋ
tree shade
㯜
zaljum
zalum
water
㖍国
㚰国
4
4
solar eclipse
lunar eclipse
ᷕ㔯
伭楔㊤枛
⚳晃枛㧁
劙㔯
Chinese
Roman Transliteration
IPA
English
㳩
vaivaik
vaivaik
ķ daljaljaw a zaljum
ķ dalalaw a zalum
⿍㳩
to flow
torrent ĸ varacunɡ
ĸ varaʦʰuŋ
䶑㳩
namasaday a zaljum
namasadaj a zalum
slow water flow
䀓
sapuy
sapuj
fire
崟䀓/䅺
pecenɡu
pəʦʰəŋu
to set on fire
叿䀓/䅺
maljama
malama
be on fire
㹭䀓
qemvut ta sapuy
ʔəmvut ta sapuj
to extinguish
㯋㲉
bubunɡ
bubuŋ
bubble
℺㲉
benubunɡ
bənubuŋ
to bubble
偍䘪㲉
pucaq
puʦʰaʔ
soap bubble
崟偍䘪㲉
penucaq
pənuʦʰaʔ
to have soap bubble
㲊㴒
viqviq
viʔviʔ
wave
㻑㷎
mavalidilidi a zaljum
mavaɭidiɭidi a zalum whirlpool
⅘
kuli
kuɭi
ice
䳸⅘
masankuli
masankuɭi
to frozen
曚㯜
ljadek
ladək
dew
5
5
ᷕ㔯
伭楔㊤枛
⚳晃枛㧁
劙㔯
Chinese
Roman Transliteration
IPA
English
⼑嘡
quljivanɡerav
ʔulivaŋərav
rainbow
⛘
kadunanɡan
kadunaŋan
land
⛇
qipu
ʔipu
soil
㲍
beneq
bənəʔ
mud
䀘⠝
qunɡvuljan
ʔuŋvulan
dust
䀘
qavu
ʔavu
ash
䞛柕
qaciljay
ʔaʦʰilaj
stone
洅⌝䞛
mui
mui
cobblestone
ⱑ䞛
taɡulj
taɡul
rock
ⱑ⡩
diljqi
dilʔi
palisades
㱁⫸
vudas
vudas
sand
㱁䀀
vudavudas
vudavudas
sand beach
䄁
cevulj
ʦʰəvul
smoke
℺䄁
pucevulj
puʦʰəvul
to smoke
teljar
təlar
light
䘤
temeljar
təməlar
to glow
倚枛
ljinɡav
liŋav
voice / sound
6
6
ᷕ㔯
伭楔㊤枛
⚳晃枛㧁
劙㔯
Chinese
Roman Transliteration
IPA
English
䘤↢倚枛
pateljinɡav
patəliŋav
to have sound
⚆倚
ljeminɡav
ləmiŋav
echo
㚱⚆倚
izua ljeminɡav
izua ləmiŋav
to echo
㯋␛
saluman
saɭuman
smell
楁␛
saluman
saɭuman
fragrance
冕␛
sasquan
sasʔuan
stink
䘤↢㯋␛
salulum
saɭuɭum
to be smelly
㱛
pana
pana
river
⮷㹒
veleljuan
vəɭəluan
stream
㴟
vaunɡ
vauŋ
sea
Ⱡ
ljaviavinɡ
laviaviŋ
shore
㷾
vacalj
vaʦʰal
lake
㲍㾀
benebeneq
bənəbənəʔ
muddy place
ḽ
laku
ɭaku
wells
㱤㽌
benebeneq a naljaitalad
bənəbənəʔ a nalaitaɭad
bog
㯜㹅
suiru (㖍)
suiru
ditch {J}
㱱㯜
sicevud
siʦʰəvud
spring water
7
7