Energiser 7 kl abbyy by Pticata

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CONTENTS STARTER UNIT

UNIT 1

A B

Present simple and present continuous. State verbs Future forms: will/going to; present simple/present continuous for future

C D

Modality - offers and suggestions Sentence structure: Complex sentence - Object clauses (that clauses)

Indirect questions Sentence structure: Complex sentence - Relative clauses (defining and non-defining)

B UNIT 2

UNITS

Past simple, past continuous and used to

Present perfect -i- ever/never

Present perfect simple and past simple

B C

Modality - advice and recommendations Phrasal verbs

2 5 7 8

9 10

13 16 18 20 21

UNIT 4

A B C D

Modality - obligation and necessity (present, past, future) Present perfect simple -i-]ust/yet/already Present perfect (+ just/yet/already) and past simple Noun determiners: all/most/some/none (of) Sentence structure: Complex sentence - Adverbial clauses (of manner)

22 25 28 30 31

UNIT 5

A B

The gerund Pronouns (one/ones/other/another)

32 33

C D

The infinitive Modality - permission

34 35

UNIT 6

UNIT 7

Comparative structures - so...that, such (a/an)...that

B C D

Present perfect simple -i- for/since Sentence structure: Complex sentence - Adverbial clauses (time clauses) Adverbs of degree -i- gradable/non gradable adjectives and adverbs

A B

The infinitive of purpose // + imperative Present and past passive

UNIT 8 UNIT 9

A B

Negative questions Modality - commands and requests

37 38 40 41 42 43 45 49 50

UNIT 10

Review of future forms and functions

ROUND UP

Mixed tenses

Grammar tables Spelling rules

57 61

3 4

Verbs Word formation

63 64

APPENDICES

Present simple and present continuous. State verbs.

PRESENT SIMPLE AND PRESENT CONTINUOUS Сегашно п р о сто u сегашно продължително време Negative She doesn't train every day.

Question Does she train every day?

Present simple

Positive She trains every day.

Present continuous

She's She isn't Is she training training now. training now. now?

Time markers

adverbs of frequency {always, usuaWy, often, frequently, sometimes, rarely, seldom, never) every day, on Monday, once a year, three times a day now, today, at the moment, at present. these days

Present simple > Образуване - форми > Виж Приложение 1(7): Граматични таблици. Present simple tense Сегашно просто време, cmp. 58 > Виж Приложение 2(3): Правописни правила. Verbs: Present simple ■ Глаголи в сегашно просто Време, cmp. 61

> Употреба CeaaujHO п р о сто Време използваме за описание на: • обичайно побтаряицо се действие или навик: Не walks to school every day. I usually chat on the Internet in the evening. • постоянно състояние: They live in a village in Scotland. • обидоизвестни истини u природни закони: Water boils at 100° C. The Earth goes round the sun. • събития no програма (т е а т ъ р , кино) u разписание (самолети, влакове, автобуси): The play begins at 7:30. The train leaves Varna at 13:15 and arrives in Sofia at 20:25. • описание на игри, кратък преразказ, обзор на книга, филм, пиеса и други: The story is about a girl who goes to France to look for her brother... > Time markers • Наречия за ч е с т о т а (adverbs of frequency) - обикновено me ce п о с т а в я т след глагола 'съм' (to be): She is never late. - npeg основния глагол в положителна форма: We often watch a film on Friday. - между спомагателния u основния глагол във въпросителна и отр и ц ателн а форма: Do they always chat on the Internet in the evening? I don't usually go to bed early. • Every day, on Monday, once a year, three times a day, etc. - обикновено те зи времеви изрази се п о с т а в я т в началото или края на изречението: On Mondays she has an English lesson. She visits her grandparents once a week. Present continuous > Образуване - форми > Виж Приложение 1(8): Граматични таблици. Present continuous tense - Сегашно продължително време, cmp. 58 > Виж Приложение 2(4): Правописни правила. Verbs + -ing - Сегашно причастие на глагола, cmp. 61

> Употреба Сегашно продължително време използваме за описание на: • действие, ко е то се случва в м ом ента на говорене: Listen! The bell is ringing. • временно дей ствие или състояние: She's working as an activity instructor this summer. > Time markers • now, today, at the moment, at present, these days: He's talking to Storm at the moment. Present simple and present continuous Сегашно пр осто време (present simple) описва постоянно състояние или повтарящ о се д е й с т вие (навик). Сегашно продължително време (present continuous) описва временно състояние или действие, ко ето се случва в м ом ента на говорене. Moni usually goes to the gym on Mondays but today she's staying at home because she's studying.

state verbs • Тези глаголи обикновено изразяват състояние. Те не образуват продължителна форма, дори ко гато се о т н а с я т до м ом ента на говорене. Такива глаголи са: - verbs of senses: see, look, hear, sound, smell, taste, feel - verbs that express likes or dislikes: like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, not mind - verbs of perception: think, believe, know, understand, realise, seem, remember, remind, forget - other verbs such as: have, want, need, cost, mean, own, belong Do you remember me? Are you remembering me ? • Някои om те зи глаголи и м а т двойно значение, m.e м о га т да изразяват ка кто състояние, та к а U действие. Ко гато глаголът изразява действие, т о й може да образува продължителна форма: State Active think I think you're right. I'm thinking about you. have We have a small flat. I'm having a shower, look You look worried. She's looking at me.

PRACTICE

ID Choose the correct words. 0 She can't come now, she h asiflsTiavi^ a shower. 1 Sally is a secretary. She works/is working in an office. 2

Hey look! Joanna wears/is wearing her new blue coat.

He travels/is travelling by bus every morning.

4 They watch/are watching TV at the moment. 5

8 What time do you get up/are vou getting up in the morning? 9 Ali loves/is loving classical music. 10 What do you do/are vou doing there? Come here! 11

Look at Mathew. He cycles/is cycling really fast.

My parents are in the kitchen. They have/are having dinner.

6 My aunt usually runs/is running in the morning.

12 Tom never listens/is listening to hard rock.

7 The children sing/are singing. Can you hear them?

13 I'm so tired. I fall/am falling asleep.

IB Complete the texts. Use the present simple or present continuous. (l/usually/watch) ^ I usually watch television in the evening. At the moment, (l/watch) ' .............................a music programme, (l/like) ^.................................... music programmes. (My sister/read) 3...........................................................................in her room. (She/not/like) ^................................................................... watching television much. (She/prefer) ^............................................ reading. (She/love) ®....................................................reading history books. (She/sometimes/go) ........................................................... to the library on Sunday and (stay) ^.................................... there for hours. (She/want) ^.........................................to study history at university. Which (you/prefer)

reading books or watching TV?

B (It/be) °

A. . 9.15 now and (l/stand) ' ....................................... outside the classroom. I can't go into the class

because (l/be) ^..................................late. (Miss Tomkins/get) ^................................................ angry with me when I'm late and when (l/forget) ^............................................ my book! I can see my friends through the window. (They/listen to) ^..............................................................Miss Tomkins. (What/happen) ^................................................. now? (She/write)

.........................................................something on the

board. (She/give) ^...................................................... them a surprise test! There are tests every week and (my friends/ often/complain) ^.....................................................................................about them. They say they're a waste of time. (Miss Tomkins/not/agree)

........................................................... !

PRACTICE I I S Complete the phone conversations with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

B Hi, Linda, it (be) ° Neil. Hi, Neil. How (be) ^...................you? Fine thanks, (be) ^........................Steve at home? No, he's not. Sorry! He (play) ^....................................... tennis with John. Can 1 (help) ^..............you? Neil Well, actually, I (be) ^........................in MP Electric at the moment. I (want) ^........................to buy a DVD recorder and 1 (need) ^.............................Steve's help. Linda Oh, Steve (open) ^........................................ the door. He (come) 3.......................................into the kitchen now. It's Neil on the phone. He (want) ........................your help. He (buy) ............................... a DVD recorder. Steve Hi, Neil! How can I (help) .................................. you? Neil Well, I'm in MP Electric. I (want) ........................to buy a DVD recorder. There's a TWJ for £469 and a Smithson for £399. I can't (decide) .............................! .............................. a Smithson and it's excellent. We Steve Well, we (have) (use) ........................it a lot and it (work) .......................... really well. Neil Great. Thanks, Steve, for your help. Neil Linda Neil Linda

I Kim

Hi, Ted. What (you/do)

Ted

I (look) 2............................................ through all my sports equipment. Why? My parents (have) ^................................. a garage sale. They (do) .............................it every year. I (try) ^........................to find things that 1 can sell. I (put) ^.............................all the things that I (not need) ^...................... any more in a big box. (you/want) ^....................................... to sell any of your things? 1 (not be) ^.............................sure. I (think) .............................about selling my old computer games...

Kim Ted

Kim

l i Q Complete with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

•V s ft

Amanada Snaith (be) ° A fifteen. She (go) ^................................... to school and she (study) ^.................................. the normal subjects, but in the evenings and the weekends Amanda (run) ^........................a website. Xchange.com (be) ^........................a website where teenagers (swap) ^.................................... the things that they (not need) ^.................................. any more. How (it/ work) ^....................................... ? Simple! If people (have got) ®................................... unwanted things at home (CDs, sports equipment, clothes, etc.) they (send) 9..................................a list to Xchange.com. Then if somebody (want) ..................... something on the list, the two people (arrange) ^^.................................. to make a swap. It (work) ........................a bit like eBay. Amanda (spend) .......................... about twelve hours a week on her website, but she (not make) ......................... any money from it. Interviewer: What type of things (people/normally/swap) ......................................................................on your website, Amanda? Amanda: I (think) .............................the most popular items (usually/be) ........................CDs and computer games. But, actually, at the moment, a lot of younger children (use) ............................................ the website to swap toys. That (always/happen) ................................................. in the weeks after Christmas! Inten/iewer: Your website (become) ............................................ very popular now. What plans (have) ................................... for the future? Amanda: Oh, 1 (keep) .................................. those a secret! Interviewer: (companies/ever/ask) ........................................................................... if they can advertise on your website? Amanda: Yes, they ......................But I (always/say) ......................................... 'no'. Xchange.com is about reusing and recycling. Making money (not matter) ^6.................................. to me.

'(you/like) .............................. Justin Timberlake? My sister (not like) ....................... him any more, and she (throw out) ........................... his posters, CDs and magazines.' 'Help! We (look for) ................................... a book called Be a Success! It (tell) ........................... you how to pass exams. We (study) ^2............................... for our exams at the moment and we (not make) ........................... much progress!' 'I (try) ................... to get rid of a pair of size 10 jeans from Gap They (not fit) .......................... me any more.' 'My brother (form) ............................... a band with three friends and they (need) ^2............................... instruments, (there/be) ........................... a guitar in your house which (sit) m a corner unused?'

Future forms: will/going to; present continuous/present simple for future THE FUTURE: will/going to; PRESENT CONTINUOUS/PRESENT SIMPLE FOR FUTURE Бъдеще Време: will/going to/сегашно п р о сто u сегашно продължително Време с бъдещо значение Positive

will going to Present continuous Present simple

I'll call you tomorrow. I'm going to read it later. I'm coming back next week. The film starts at 8:30.

Negative I won't call you tomorrow. I'm not going to read it later. I'm not coming back next week. The film doesn't start at 8:30.

Question Will you call me tomorrow? Are you going to read 3d It it later? Are you coming back next week? Does the film start at 8:30?

Time markers tomorrow, next week/month, this evening/ summer

at 9 o'clock, on Mondays

Will > Образуване - форми > Виж Приложение 1(13): Граматични таблици. Future simple tense (will future) - Бъдеще про сто време , cmp. 59

> Употреба Бъдеще п р о сто Време използваме за; • да изразим предположение (prediction) относно далечното или неопределено бъдеще: Г11 be very rich one day. • ga направим предложение (offer) или дадем обещание (promise) на някого: ГМ do that for you. (offer) I'll be a good boy, mum. (promise) • ga изразим спонтанно решение (decision), к о е то обикновено сме взели 6 м ом ента на говорене: I wonder where Judy is. I'll phone her now. • ga изразим молба (request), надежда (hope), ga отправим предупреждение (warning) или заплаха (threat): Will you help me with my project? (request) Don't be late. Your dad will be very angry, (warning) I hope I'll get better, (hope) I won't let you go to bed late again! (threat) Going to > Образуване - форми > Виж Приложение 1(14): Граматични таблици. Future with going to - Бъдеще Време с going to, cmp. 59 > Употреба Бъдеще време с going to използваме за изразяване на: • бъдещи планове; неща, ко и то сме реииили или възнамеряваме да направим в бъдеще (plans): We're going to move to a new house. • предположение (prediction), ко гато вече има признаци за moBa какво ще се случи в следващия м о м ент или непосредственото бъдеще: Look at the clouds. It's going to rain. Present continuous > Употреба Сегашно продължително време с бъдещо значение използваме за изразяване на: • нещо, ко е то вече сме планирали и организирали да направим в близкото или непосредствено бъдеще (future arrangements) u сме абсолютно сигурни, че т о ще се случи: We're having lunch with my grandparents this Sunday. Present simple > Употреба Сегашно п ро сто време с бъдещо значение използваме за изразяване на: • нещо, ко е то е официално планирано, например разписания (на влакове, самолети, автобуси), програми (на телевизия, радио, т е а т р и , изложби и други): The plane leaves London at 10:30. The film starts at 9:15 and finishes at 11:00. Watch it! Predictions: will and going to • ко гато правим предположение c will, ние се базираме на в е р о я т н о с т т а или как си представяме, че ще се случи нещо в далечното неопределено бъдеще: In the future people will live on other planets. (не сме сигурни, но предполагаме какво може да се случи) • ко гато правим предположение с going to, ние се базираме на признаци или неща, ко и то знаем за близкото бъдеще: Look out! You're going to fall. (очевидно e, може 6u защ о то ние сме сигурни какво ще се случи в следващия м о м ент)

Plans and arrangements; going to and present continuous for future • going to използваме, ко гато говорим за неида, koumo сме планирали да направим в бъдеще, но все още не сме организирали: We're going to move to a new house, (възнамеряваме, но все още не знаем кога) • present continuous използваме, ко гато говорим за неща, koumo сме планирали и организирали да направим: We're moving to a new house this month, (вече сме я купили u организирали п р ем естван ето )

PRACTICE m Ask questions about Storm's intentions. Use going to. 0 work in a summer camp? Is she going to work in a summer camp? 1 fiy to ireiand?

I I D Use will to make predictions about Storm.

0 have/a great time She 'll have a great time. 1 make/a lot of new friends

2 do/lots of sports 2 tell Mickey and Jess about her new job? 3 miss/her mum 3 teach the kids to be actors? 4 not make/a lot of money 4 spend some time with Uncle Ed? I B Look at Storm's notes. Write about her arrangements. Storm is taking the bus to the airport at 8 am. luly

8 am

take the bus to the airport

1 0 am

the flight leaves London

11:05 am

the flight arrives in Dublin Uncle Ed — meet me at the airport

1 pm

have lunch with Uncle Ed

3 pm

meet director of Celtic Camp

liQ

Johnny, Rob and Amy are workers at Celtic Camp. Use the table to say what their arrangements, intentions and predictions are.

Arraneements

' Beat Rob at the triathlon ’ Make friends with Amy

’ Have a great time

• Start work on 4^^ June >Finish work on 15* September >Work as a camp organiser

'Train hard every day • Beat Johnny and win the triathlon ' Have a holiday in Ireland

' Make friends with Amy

• Start work at the end of June • Finish work at the end of September ' Work as an activity instructor

• Learn to do new sports ' Be polite to Rob but not go out with him

' Enjoy myself more than last year

He's going to ....................................................................................... He'll ......................................................................................................

Amy:

Predictions

■Start work on June ' Work as a group leader in July and August ■Leave camp on 31 August

johnny; Johnny's starting work on 1stJune.

Rob:

Intentions

..................................................................................

Modality - offers and suggestions MODALITY: OFFERS AND SUGGESTIONS - ACCEPTING OR REFUSING М одалност: правя предложения - приемам или о тк а зв а м Making

Accepting

Refusing

Offers > К о га то предлагаме да направим нещо за някого, използваме: Shall I ...? Сап I ...? I will ...

Shall I carry your bag? Can I help you? I'll help you.

Thank you./Thanks a lot. No, thanks. Good idea! I don't think it's a good idea. Yes, that sounds good/ That's a boring idea, great! OK./All right. Yes, please.

No, I'm sorry I can't. I'd prefer to.../I'd rather...

Suggestions > К о га то предлагаме ga направим нещо заедно с някого, използваме: Let's ...

Let's go to the cinema.

Why don't we ...?

Why don't we go to the cinema?

can/could ...

We can/could go to the cinema.

Shall we ...?

Shall we go to the cinema?

How about ...-ing?

How about going to the cinema?

What about ...-ing? What about going to the cinema? Watch it! След Let's .../Shall we .../Why don't we ... използваме основна форма на глагола без to. Let's go. След How about/What about ... използваме форма на глагола с -ing. How about going ...?

PRACTICE

ID Complete the conversations.

IIS Complete the conversation. Use the prompts in the box.

0 Girl (cinema): Boy: ^

Let's go to t/ie anem a

1 Girl (a bike ride): ^ Boy:

Max Let's

................................

I'd ...........................................................................

Boy (swim):

Girl (tennis): ^

Shall .................................................

Yes, I'd

Boy (football1match): Girl: ^

Entertainment

Good ideal

............................................

Would .............................

1don't

................................................................

Girl (chips): ^

How about .......................................

Boy (pizza): ^ I ' d ...........................................................

cinema / club Л jazz workshop / Claire cinema Л club / jazz workshop Л

Sport

Food

swimming / table tennis Л

hamburger / pizza /

swimming X table tennis /

hamburger X pizza /

Max ^ Shall we go to the cinema this evening? Claire Oh, no. I'd ' ............................................ not. 2 ............................................ to go to a club. Max Oh, no. I'm not keen on dubs. 2 ............................................ the jazz workshop at the youth centre. Claire I don't like jazz. Why ............................................ table tennis? Max I'm bored with table tennis. 5............................................ for a swim. Claire No, I've just washed my hair. Max We ^............................................ a hamburger. Claire A hamburger? Oh, very exciting! Max Well, would ^........................................... ? Claire Oh, yes. I'd ^............................................... Max OK. I'll come round at about eight o'clock. Claire That ^............................................... ......

Sentence structure: Complex sentence Object clauses (that clauses) SENTENCE STRUCTURE: COMPLEX SENTENCE - OBJECT CLAUSES {THAT CLAUSES) Синтаксис: Сложно съставно изречение. Подчинени допълнителни изречения. Сложни съставни изречения (complex sentences) • Сложните съставни изречения (complex sentences) се с ъ с т о я т о т главно изречение и подчинени изречения. • Подчинените изречения 6 сложното съставно изречение изпълняват функциите на ч а с т и т е на п р о с т о т о изречение. Следователно т е м о га т да б ъ д а т с ъ о тв е тн о подложни, предикативни, допълнителни, определителни и о б сто я те л ств е н и . • Връзката на подчинените изречения с главното се осъществява чрез съюзи или безсъюзно. Въвеждат се със съюзните думи that, if, whether, who, which, when, where, why, how u други. Подчинени допълнителни изречения • Те изпълняват службата на допълнение (пряко, косвено или предложно) и о тго в а р я т на въпроса What? (about what?, for what?) • Допълнителните изречения обикновено с т о я т след: - глагола, към ко й то се о т н а с я т . Обикновено то в а са глаголи, изразяващи мисли и чувства (напри мер believe, forget, hope, imagine, know, realise, remember, think, understand, wonder, say, tell) We hope that you'll come. I can't believe that Steve's thirteen! - прилагателни к а т о sure, certain, sorry, afraid I'm sure that we'll have a good time. I'm afraid that I can't help you. • Основен съюз за въвеждане на то зи вид подчинени изречения е that, ко й то за разлика о т другите съюзи може да се изпусне. На български език се превежда с "че". Съюзните думи if/whether се превеж д а т с "дали". I know (that) she is lonely. I don't know if she is at home. Watch it! • След tell употребяваме непряко допълнение, но след say - не. Не tells me (that) he's got a new computer. He says (that) he's got a new computer.

PRACTrCE 11П Storm is going to Celtic Camp tomorrow. Complete the sentences. Use the future simple of the verbs in brackets. I h o p e ............................................ her MP3 player. 0 1 hope (that) the weather will be good. (Amy/bring) (the weather/be) I b elieve............................................ me at the station. 1 I h o p e .............................................nice, (our chalets/be) (Uncle Ed/meet) 2 I b elieve.......................................good, (the food/be) 1 b elieve.................................................... (Steve/come)

Rewrite the sentences. Use the verbs in brackets and that clause.

0 She likes me. (hope)

I hope that she likes me.

His education is important to him. (realise)

..........................................................

My mum's very busy, (understand)

..........................................................

He'll make new friends at the Camp, (imagine)

..........................................................

The train leaves at 7:50. (think)

..........................................................

We'll have a great time together, (believe)

..........................................................

6 You're feeling better, (hope) .......................................................... 'in 1%'H Write sentences. Use the adjectives in brackets. I'm sure (that) she likes me. She likes me. (sure) You'll be fine, (sure) I didn't phone you. (very sorry) I can't come to your party on Saturday, (afraid) You'll do very well at the test, (certain) It's going to rain, (not certain)

Indirect questions

INDIRECT QUESTIONS - Непреки Въпроси • За ga бъдем по-учтиви, ч е сто използваме непряк, вм есто пряк въпрос. Използваме изрази к а то : Can/Could you tell me ...? Do you know ...? Have you any idea ...? I wonder (if) ...

Could you tell me what time the train leaves? Do you know if the shop is open? Have you any idea who that is? I wonder who she is.

• Словоредът на непрекия въпрос е к а то то зи на съобщ ителното изречение и не се използва спомагателен глагол do/does/did Where is the bus stop? > Could you tell me where the bus stop is? (Could you tell me w herc-is the bus stop?) • Когато прекият въпрос започва с въпросителна дума, същ ата въпросителна дума използваме в непрекия въпрос: Where's the key? > Could you tell me where the key is? Where does he live? > Could you tell me where he lives? • Когато непрекият въпрос изисква о тговор с Да/Не (няма въпросителна дума), използваме if/whether: Is the train at platform 9? > Do you know if the train is at platform 9? Watch it! Въпросителен знак поставяме само, ко гато първата ч а ст о т изречението е въпрос: Do you know where he is? I wonder where he is.

PRACTICE Rewrite the direct questions as indirect questions. 0 Is this flight A354 to London?

Could you tell me if thb is flight A 3 54 te

1 Where are we going to sleep?

Can you tell me ..................................................................................................................?

2 How much does the ticket cost?

Do you know ........................................................................................................................?

3 Is Steve going to the Celtic Camp?

Have you any idea ............................................................................................................ ?

4 Will they be friends?

Do you think ........................................................................................................................?

5 Is he as good as he used to be?

Do you think ........................................................................................................................?

6 Are the activity instructors qualified?

I wonder .................................................................................................................................

Circle the correct option.

\ m Put the words in the correct order.

0 Can you teH me what time :fhe train leave^j^does the train leave?

0 you/Amy/dance/do/can/if/know? Do you know if Amy can dance ?

1 Do you know if there is/is there a telephone box near here?

i know/do/now/where/is/you/she? ...............................................................................................

2 Do you know when will be Steve/Steve will be at home?

2 tell/Steve/can/me/coming back/you/is/when?

3 Could you tell me if will I have to wait/ I will have to wait long?

3 tell/is/road/right/me/this/the/you/if/can/to/Varna?

4 Can you tell me how long does it take/it takes to get to Sofia?

4 whether/phone/book/by/wonder/my/ticket/l/can/l.

IE] Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use no more than three words. 0 Who should I ask for directions?

Do you know

who I should ask ^^ for direction?

1 Where did the teacher go?

Do you k n o w ................................................................ went?

2 Can you tell me what the weather is like?

W hat's..........................................................................................?

3 When did he stop playing?

Can you rem em ber................................................. playing?

4 Shall we see each other again?

I w o n d er................................................. each other again.

Sentence structure: Complex sentence Relative clauses (defining and non-defining) SENTENCE STRUCTURE: COMPLEX SENTENCE - RELATIVE CLAUSES Синтаксис: Сложно съ ставно изречение - Подчинени определителни изречения > Подчинени определителни изречения (Relative clauses) • Те изпълняват функцията на определение 6 сложното съставно изречение и о тго в а р я т на въпроса What? Which? • Въвеждат се с о тн о си тел н о местоимение: who (за хора), which (за предм ети или животни), that (за хора, п редм ети или ж ивотни), whose (за притежание), when (за време), where (за м ясто), why (за причина). • Следват непосредствено д ум ата, к о я то определят. • Има два вида определителни изречения - defining и non-defining. D efining relative clauses

who/that

Today I met the boy who/that lives next door. which/that Is this the book which/that I gave you last week? whose She's the singer whose song is Number 1. where Here's the office where mum works, when I remember the day when I started school, why I don't know the reason why she left.

Non-defining relative clauses

who

My sister Anna, who is a tour guide, lives in Varna. which Our house, which has a big garden, is lovely. whose Tom, whose father is a pilot, is sitting next to me. where Sofia, where I live, is a lovely city, when We went to the seaside in July, when it was very hot.

A. Defining relative clauses • Te д а в а т поВече информация, ко ято е необходима за съицествителното, към ко е то се о т н а с я т . Без нея главното изречение няма смисъл. This is the boy who had the highest score in the test. Ako махнем определителното изречение, остава само This is the boy. Това изречение няма сам остоятелно смисъл. О пределителното изречение who had the highest score in the test e абсолютно необходимо, за ga разберем за кого став а въпрос. • Следват непосредствено д ум ата, к о я то определят и не се о т д е л я т със запетая о т нея. This is the opera singer that lives next door. Watch it! • О тн о с и те л н о то местоимение може ga бъде подлог или допълнение на подчиненото изречение. Ко гато е допълнение, о т н о с и т е л н о т о местоимение може да се изпусне: The man that lives here is very nice, (подлог) The man (that) I met is very nice, (допълнение) • Om подчиненото изречение изпускаме дум ата (м есто и м ен и е то ), ко ято заменяме с о тн о с и те л н о то местоимение: The girl was nice. She came to the party. The girl who came to the party was nice. The girl who :;he came to the party was nice: B. Non-defining relative clauses • Тези подчинени изречения д а в а т допълнителна информация, но не са съсцестВени за определяне на съ щ е ств и те л н о то , за ко е то говорим. Главното изречение си има смисъл и без та зи информация. The car that my father bought is a Honda, (defining = определя коя кола) The car, which is a Honda, is really fast, (non-defining = дава допълнителна информация) • Обикновено следват непосредствено д ум ата, к о я то определят. М о гат да б ъ д а т в средата или в края на изречението и винаги се о т д е л я т със запетаи о т главното изречение. Ana, who you met yesterday, is Steve's sister. Watch it! При non-defining relative clauses: > о т н о с и т е л н и т е местоимения не м о га т ga б ъ д ат изпускани. Pink, who is my favourite singer, was born in 1979. Pink, is my favourite singer, was born in 1979. > о тн о с и те л н о то местоимение that не се използВа. Му father, that is fifty, is an engineer;

PRACTICE Defining relative clauses

ID Circle the correct option.

i l Q Cross out the extra word(s) in these sentences.

3 What's the name of the band that/whose/what song is Never Everl

0 The old man who he was sitting next to me looked very ill. 1 The pizza we ate it at Pizza Hut was very good. 2 The man who he robbed the bank was arrested yesterday. 3 The dress that she wore it was pretty. 4 This is the car that my father bought it this week. 5 I like the game Tom gave it to me for my birthday. 6 Tom's the one who he's sitting next to me in class.

4 She explained the reason who/which/why she was late.

IB Read and complete the conversation. Use

0 Is that the boy who/thatAWhose: mum is an actress? 1 Did you watch the DVD who/which/what I lent you? 2 I'll never forget the day which/where/when we met.

5 The programme who/that/what makes me really bored is Big Brother.

6 That's the house that/whose/where we used to live.

IB Complete the conversation with who, which or where. Amy

Are you the girl Â° who got the new job? Can I help you?

Storm Yes, I'm Storm ... and yes please! What's that building? Amy

It's the shower block. You know, the place ^........................we wash. I've got a map 2 ........................shows the whole camp. Here, you can have it. And here's a list of the kids ^..................... are in your team. I'm Amy, by the way!

Storm Thanks, Amy. When am 1on duty? Amy

There'll be a list ^........................will tell you. Look, that's the notice board ^........................ they'll put it.

IB Join the sentences. Use relative clauses. 0 I can't remember the name of the actor. He starred in Titanic. / can't remember the name of the actor who/ thghitqrred in Titanic. 1 This sci-fi film is about a planet. It's in danger. 2 That's my friend. He's got a very big dog. 3 Look at these old photos. I found them in an old family album. 4 The computer was an invention. It changed people's lives.

relative clauses. 1 We stayed at this hotel. 2 We ate in the dining room. 3 The old town is about five hundred years old. 4 The houses were here when Shakespeare was still living. 5 We spent most of our time on the beach. 6 Philippe showed us around the town and the local area. 7 The boat goes to the islands. 8 You can eat in a restaurant.

Sal Jo Sal

Hi, Jo! Hi, Sal. How was your holiday? Great. I've got some photos here. Do you want to see them? Jo Yes, of course. Sal OK. This is the hotel ^.where we stayed . It was called the Bella Vista. You can see our room, here, on the fourth floor. This is the dining room 2....................................................................The food was wonderful. We ate so much. The best was the fish - I had fish every day. The next photo is the old town ^ ................................................. There are walls and houses ^.............................................................. Jo Shakespeare? Did he go there on holiday? Sal No, I mean, it's very old. And this is the beach 5

Jo Who's that? Sal Ah, that's Philippe. He's the person ÂŽ......................................................... He was great, really good at English and interested in his country's history and culture. And very good looking, too! And this is the boat ............................................... We went on it and had a really great day. It takes about an hour to get to the islands and then you can look around a village and buy souvenirs and there's a restaurant ^ ................................................. and, of course, there are beautiful beaches. Jo Wow! You had a good time. 1 hope my holidays will be as good as yours. I'm going next week. I'll show you my photo when I get back.

PRACTICE Non-defining relative clauses lIsS Complete the sentences with the phrases in the box. a) which are difficult exams b) which was at kids' holiday camp c) who are seventeen d) who has dark hair and brown eyes e) who likes going out a lot

f) which is the capital of Wales 0 Cerys Chester, . . .d , ,, has a twin brother called Johnny. 1 The tw in s,........................, go to the same school. 2 They live in Cardiff,..................................... 3 Johnny's summer jo b ,........................, was in Ireland. 4 Cerys and Johnny are studying for A-levels,........................... 5 Johnny,............................., doesn't do much studying. F B Match parts A and B. Use who, which or where to make sentences.

A who

1 We are going to Stratford-upon-Avon,

she studies History.

2 1saw a documentary about Christopher Columbus, 3 We'll finish our journey in Dublin,

which

discovered America. is a popular dish in Italy.

4 This is pizza. 5 She goes to the University of London,

is the capital of Ireland.

where

Shakespeare was born.

ле Join the sentences using a relative clause. 0 Fred Taylor is a doctor. You met him at the party. Fred Taylor, who you met at the 1 This watch was very expensive. I bought it in London. 2 Bradford is in the north of England. My cousins live there. 3 Shakespeare is Britain's most famous writer. He lived four hundred years ago. 4 Cardiff is the capital city of Wales. My father was born there. 5 Our house is too small for us. It has only got two bedrooms.

6 Mr Fisher is my favourite teacher. He started at this school in September. 7 Oxford street is London's busiest shopping street. My sister works there.

8 John made that cake. He loves cooking. 9 Strawberries are delicious with sugar and fresh cream. They are my favourite fruit. 10 Peter won the tennis cup. He is only sixteen.

2А

Past sim ple, past continuous and used to

PAST SIMPLE, PAST CONTINUOUS AND USED TO Positive We visited/went to England last summer.

Negative We didn't visit/ didn't go to England last summer.

Question Did you visit/go to England last summer?

Time markers two days/weeks/years ago yesterday (morning/afternoon) last night/Friday/week/year in 2002/January on 25^*^ March/that day at 6 o'clock

Past continuous

They were playing computer games at 5 o'clock yesterday.

They weren't playing computer games at 5 o'clock yesterday.

Were they playing computer games at 5 o'clock yesterday?

while, as at that time all day/night/evening yesterday at 10 o'clock

Used to

They used to live in a village in Scotland.

Did they use to They didn't use live in a village in to live in a village in Scotland. Scotland?

Past simple

when we were young in the past (but not now) every day in the past

Past simple > Образуване - форми > Виж Приложение 1(10): Граматични таблици. Past simple tense - Минало про сто време, с тр . 58 > Виж Приложение 2(5): Правописни правила. Verbs + -e d - Минало време на глагола, с тр . 61 > Виж Приложение 3(1): Неправилни глаголи. Минало време на неправилните глаголи, с т р . 63 > Употреба Минало просто бреме използваме за описание на: • ЗаВъризено действие, случило се 6 определен минал м о м ент: She went to the library yesterday. > врем ето, в к о е то се е случило д е й ств и е то , може да бъде специфичен м ом ент (at 2 o'clock yesterday), или no-дъльг период о т време (last year, when I was a child, etc.) > м о м е н т ъ т на извършване на д е й с т в и е т о може да се посочва 6 сам о то изречение: I got this present for Christmas, или ga e бил посочен 6 предишно изречение: We moved to Sofia in 2005. We bought a flat in the centre. > ко гато говорим за исторически ф акти , вр е м ето се подразбира: Christopher Columbus discovered America. • Навици или действия, koumo са се случвали ч есто в миналото: They always had lunch at 2 o'clock. > в то зи случай обикновено използваме наречия или изрази за ч е с т о т а : Не sometimes went to school on foot. • Действия, koumo ca ce случили последователно в миналото: She put on her shoes and went out. • Състояния, свързани c миналото: It was a cold winter last year. Past continuous > Образуване - форми > Виж Приложение 1(11): Граматични таблици. Past continuous tense - Минало продължително време, с т р . 58 > Виж Приложение 2(4): Правописни правила. Verbs + -ing - Сегашно причастие на глагола, с тр . 61

> Употреба Минало продължително време използваме за описание на: • действие, ко ето е било в процес на извършване 6 определен минал м о м ент: I was playing a computer game at 5 o'clock yesterday. • действие в минал м о м ент, ко е то е било прекъснато о т друго действие: I was reading a book when my mobile rang. • две или повече действия, koumo са се случвали едновременно в миналото: While I was playing a computer game, my sister was doing her homework. • npu описание на обстановка, картина в разказ: It was winter. The children were playing in the snow...

Used to > Образуване - форми > Ви?к Прило?кение 1(12): Граматични таблици. Used to - Минало време с used to, cmp. 58 > Употреба Минало бреме с used to използваме за описание на навици или състояния, които са се отна сяли до миналото, но вече не се о тн ася т до настоящето: We used to run in the fields when we lived in the village. Past simple and past continuous > Когато имаме изречение c past continuous u past simple, обикновено използваме when c past simple u while c past continuous. I was reading a book when the lights went out. While I was reading a book, the lights went out. Past simple and used to > 3a описание на навици или състояния, отнасящи се до миналото, можем да използваме както past simple, така и used to. Разликата е, че когато използваме used to, ние наблягаме на това какво се е случвало преди и какво се случва сега. They lived in a village in Scotland. They used to live in a village in Scotland, (but now they don't)

PRACTICE

ID Complete the conversation with the correct form of the past simple. Vasi

Where (you/go) ° did you go for your last summer holiday?

Moni We (go) ’ ....................... to Greece. Vasi

Oh really? (you/like/it) ^ ................................... ?

Moni Yes, we ^..........................My brother (love)

.........................Athens. The Acropolis and all the historical

sights (be) ^............................... wonderful. Vasi

How long (you/stay) ^........................................?

Moni Four weeks. We (be) ^........................... there for the whole of August. Vasi

How nice. So you (have) ®..................lots of time to travel around.

Moni Yes, we ^................... - well, quite a lot. But we (not/manage)

........................... to get to the islands,

so I'd like to go again. Vasi

(you/learn) ” ........................... any Greek?

Moni I (learn)

.......................

a little, but my brother (not/learn)

....................................any. I (find)

................................... a good Greek language book with a GD in the local library, so 1 (study) ........................... a bit before we (leave) Vasi

(you/talk)

............................................to the local people?

Moni Not really, but I (order) Vasi

........................................

............................... food and drinks at the restaurants.

Well, that's good. Well done! When 1first (go) ....................... any Greek. 1 (feel) 2 2 ........................... some

....................................there five years ago, I (not/know)

2 1 ......................................so

silly! But before my last trip I (have)

lessons from a friend at school, so I (not/feel) 2^..................................... so bad!

PRACTICE \ Ш Lisa is at the Japanese snow festival in Sapporo Look at her holiday diary below. Write what she was doing at the times in the box.

9:15 am 3:10 pm

11:05 am 4:15 pm

1:20 pm 5:10 pm

iX H 'C C Г Г Г r r n

i Sn

Г ’

February 24th 9 am cross country skiing

At 9 :15 am she was doing cross country skiing.

11 am learn to drive a snowmobile 1 pm have lunch with my group 3 pm visit the tourist centre 4 pm learn ice-sculpting 5 pm relax in the sauna

Steve was on holiday in Rocky Mountains. Put the verbs into the past simple or the past continuous. Last year I (go) ^ went

on a skiing holiday. When I

(arrive) ^...............................................at my hotel some English girls (check in) ^.................................................... One of the girls, Lisa, (be) ^................................................. really beautiful. One morning while I (have) ^................................................. breakfast she (sit) 5................................................. at my table. She (be) ^................................................. very friendly. The next day while I (ski) ^................................................. , I (see) ®................................................. Lisa. She (talk) ^................................................. to some of her friends. I (be)

................................................. too shy to talk to her.

Later I (see) ' ' ................................................. her alone on the ski lift. I (ski)

................................................. under the

lift but she (not see) I (shout) she (look) I (look)

................................................. me.

................................................. her name and ................................................. at me. While ................................................. at her 1 (crash)

................................................. into a ski pylon. It (be) ................................................. the most embarrassing moment of my life!

2В

Present perfect + ever/never

PRESENT PERFECT + EVER/NEVER - Сегашно перфектно Време + everjnever Positive 1 1 You He She It We You They

worked have ('ve) slept.

1 worked?

worked. Have

haven't slept.

worked.

worked. hasn't

has ('s)

slept.

slept. worked. have ('ve) slept.

Short answers

Question

Negative

worked. haven't slept.

have.

you

Yes,

he she has. it

No,

he she hasn't. it

Yes,

you we have. they

No,

you we haven' they

worked? slept?

we worked? Have you they slept?

haven't.

No,

you

you slept? he Has she it

1 Yes,

> Образуване - форми C пом ощ та на ф о рм ите за сегашно време на спомагателния глагол have/has (положителна, отр иц а телна, Въпросителна) и минало причастие (past participle) на глагола. Минало причастие (past participle) на глагола се образува: > за правилните глаголи - с пом ощ та на окончанието -ed (work - worked) > Виж Приложение 2(5) Правописни правила. Verbs + -ed - Минало време на глагола, с тр . 61 > за неправилните глаголи > Виж Приложение 3(1) Неправилни глаголи, с т р . 63 > Употреба Сегашно перфектно време използваме, ко гато говорим: • за действие, ко е то се е случило в миналото, но не уточняваме кога (важно е сам о то действие, а не кога се е случило т о ) : They have moved to London. • за действие, к о е то се е случило в миналото, но има р е з у л та т в н а сто я щ е то (м о м е н тъ т, в ко й то се е случило д е й с т в и е т о е или неизвестен, или не е важен): I can't open the door. I've lost my keys. • за минали преживявяния или ж итейски onum: He's visited many countries. > 3a ga попитам е някого дали е правил нещо през ж ивота си, използваме ever: Have you ever met a famous person? > Когато говорим за нещо, ко е то никога не сме правили през ж ивота си, използваме never: I've never played golf. Time markers never...before so far always

I've never eaten Chinese food before. He has done one exercise so far. I've always wanted to go to London.

Watch it! • have been to and have gone to Tom has been to Spain and has come back. Tom has gone to Spain. He'll be back next week, (he hasn't returned)

PRACTICE

ID Write the past participle of these verbs. visit

. . .................

5 keep

........................ ...............

9 speak

eat

............ .............

6 read

........................ ...............

10 open

know

......................... .............

7 start

........................ ...............

11 do

see

......................... .................

8 make

........................ ...................

12 want

PRACTICE 11б Look at the table. Write sentences using the present perfect.

Vasi

Steve

Vesko

^ V

fly by plane travel to England

•/

ride a motorbike win a competition have photo in a newspaper

J_ _ ^

0 VasL and Steve have flown by plane but Vesko hasn't. 1 ................................................................................................................... 2 3 ................................................................................................. 4 ................................................................................................. \ m Write sentences using the present perfect. Hay Steve ever won a competition?

Steve/ever win/competition? We/make/a mistake.

..............................................................................

Kevin/not study/Spanish.

..............................................................................

My mum/not fly/by plane/so far.

..............................................................................

your grandma/ever use/the Internet?

..............................................................................

l/never/eat/raw fish.

..............................................................................

1/always/want/be a pop star.

..............................................................................

IB Ask questions using the present perfect + ever and give short answers. Have you ever been to the U K ?

Yey I have./No, I haven't./No, never.

0 be/to the UK 1 meet/a famous person 2 be/in hospital

...........................................................................................................................................................

3 lose/anything important

...........................................................................................................................................................

4 eat/anything disgusting

...........................................................................................................................................................

5 tell/a lie

...........................................................................................................................................................

6 win/a prize

...........................................................................................................................................................

7 try/surfing

...........................................................................................................................................................

8 read a Harry Potter book

...........................................................................................................................................................

IIS Vesko is at the Music Idol audition. Put the verbs into the present perfect. Mr R Vesko Mr R Vesko Mr R Vesko Mr R Vesko Mr R Vesko Mr R Vesko Mr R Vesko Mr R

Hello, Vesko. Hello. Pleased to meet you. (you/ever/see) ° fiflY?. show Music IdoR Yes, M .................I'm a big fan. (you/ever/study) ^ ................................................................ singing? Yes, I ^......................(l/be) ^......................................... in a school band and (l/play the drums and sing) 5................................................. in lots of school concerts. I really love singing. Excellent, (you/ever/be) ®........................................................... on TV? No, I ^..................................but (l/take) ®...............................................part in a video clip shoot. Really. When was that? About a month ago. (you/speak) ®................................................. to your parents about auditioning for this show? Yes, they're really happy. OK. Can you sing something for us? OK. I'm a bit nervous, (l/never/do) ...................................................... an audition before. Don't worry, Vesko. Just relax.

Present perfect simple and past simple PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE AND PAST SIMPLE - Сегашно перф ектно u минало пр о сто време Positive

Question

Negative

Present perfect simple I've seen Mary.

I haven't seen Mary.

Have you seen Mary?

Past simple

I didn't see Mary last Saturday.

Did you see Mary last Saturday?

I saw Mary last Saturday.

• Сегашно п е р ф е ктн о Време (Present perfect simple) използваме, за ga опишем действие в миналото без да го отнасяме към определен м о м ент понеже не го знаем или не е важна информация. • Минало пр о сто Време (Past simple) използваме, за да опишем действие, ко е то се е случило в определен минал м о м ент или ко е то е започнало и приключило в миналото. Watch it! При сегашно перф ектно Време а к ц е н т ъ т е върху н асто я щ е то . При минало пр осто Време а к ц е н т ъ т е върху миналото.

PRACTICE

ID Make sentences. Past

simple

Present

perfect

0 1/clean/the house

/ cleaned the house.

1 He/open/the window

..............................................................................................................................................

2 We/win/a lot of money

..............................................................................................................................................

I've cleaned the house.

3 They/hit/a tree with their car .............................................................................................................................................. 4 She/finish/her work early

..............................................................................................................................................

5 You/make/a mistake

..............................................................................................................................................

I ! B Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in the present perfect or past simple. Keanu Reeves (be born)

was bom in Beirut, Lebanon, on the 2'^^ September

1964. His mother, Patricia, was English. His father, Sam, was Hawaii and his name, Keanu, is Hawaiian for 'cool wind in the mountains'. He (live) ’ ............................................ in many different places in his life. In 1966, his family (live) ^............................................ in Australia for a year. Then Keanu's parents (get) ^............................................ divorced and his mother (take) ^............................................ her two children to New York. There, she (marry) ^............................................ her second husband, Paul, a Hollywood film director. Two years later, they (go) ®............................................ to live in Toronto, Canada and Keanu (become) ^............................................ Canadian. When he was a teenager, Keanu (love) ®............................................ hockey and theatre. He (not like) ^............................................ studying, and (leave)

...............................................

school to become an actor when he was 17. His first acting job was dancing in a cola advertisement. Keanu (go) ' ' ............................................ to Hollywood in 1986. He (act)

............................................ in many films and is most famous for the Speed and

Matrix films. Keanu (always/love)

............................................ music but didn't start playing the bass

guitar until he was 23. He (start) 2

friends. They (make)

............................................ a rock band Dogstar with

......................................... records and done a lot of concerts.

He's got a lot of different interests. He likes riding horses, surfing and (study) ............................................ kung-fu for his films.

PRACTICE

Read the text in exercise 2 and answer the questions.

1 When was Keanu Reeves born?

.............................................................

2 Where was he born?

.............................................................

3 What did he love when he was a teenager?............................................................. 4 When did he become an actor?

.............................................................

5 When did he go to Hollywood?

.............................................................

6 Has he ever been to Australia?

.............................................................

7 Has he acted in many films?

.............................................................

8 Has he made any records?

.............................................................

9 Has he always loved music?

.............................................................

What has he studied for his films?

.............................................................

I I B Complete the conversation. Write the correct letter a-i in the spaces. Tessa

Have you ever been abroad?

Adam 째 / Tessa

Where have you been?

Adam ' Tessa

When did you go to America?

Adam

Tessa

Where did you go in America?

Adam

Tessa

What did you eat?

Adam

Tessa

How did you travel?

Adam

Tessa

How long did it take to get from Florida to Washington by bus?

a) New York. b) In 2007. c) Twenty-six hours. It's a long way. d) We went to Disneyland in Florida, we saw the White House in Washington and saw everything in New York. e) To America, France, Spain, Italy and Greece. f) Hamburgers, lots of hamburgers!

Adam 6 Tessa

Did you travel on the New York underground?

Adam

Tessa

Which was your favourite place?

h) We flew to Florida and then got a Greyhound bus. i) Yes, I have.

Adam

Complete the conversation with the correct form of the verbs in the present perfect or past simple.

Vesko (you/ever/go) ^ Haye you ever been Dad Vesko Dad

g) Yes, it was really good. And we went in a yellow taxi which was great!

a pop concert. Dad?

Of course 1 have. 1 (see) ^........................................................... lots of concerts in my life! (who/you/see) ^........................................................... ? Well, I (see) ^........................................................... lots of 1980s bands. I (go) ^..............................................................to concerts every week when I (be) ^........................................................... your age.

Vesko For example ...? Dad

Well, (you/ever/hear of) ^........................................................... Diana Express?

Vesko Who? Dad

They (be) ........................................................... very popular in the 1980s. I saw them in 1984 in Sofia. It (be) ^........................................................... a great concert. I (go) ^..............................................................there with your mum!

Vesko When (you and Mum/meet) Dad

In 1980. When we (start)

........................................................... ? ........................................................... university together.

зв

Modality - advice and recommendations

MODALITY: ADVICE AND RECOMMENDATIONS Модални глаголи: давам съ в е т u правя препоръка • Should/shouldn't или ought (not) to използваме, за ga кажем, че нещо е/не е добра идея: You should see this film. You shouldn't watch so much TV. We ought to do something for the environment. You ought not to tell her this. Ч есто се използват c изразите I think или Do/Don't you think ...? Do you think I should/ought to call him? Don't you think we should/ought to leave now? • Must/have to или mustn't използваме, за ga дадем силна препоръка или съ в ет ( т е са по-силни о т should и ought to): You have to read this book. You mustn't miss this reality - it'll be very interesting.

PRACTICE l i D Give advice.

0 'I've got stomachache,' (see/doctor)

should/ shouldn't

OUGHT TO/OUGHT NOT TO

You should see a doctor.

You ought to see a doctor.

1 '1 feel hot.' (open/window) 2 'He has to get up early tomorrow morning.' (not go/bed/late) 3 '1 feel ill.' (not go/school) 4 '1 don't understand.' (ask/question) 5 'He's looking for a new job.' (tell/his boss) 0

Complete the sentences. Use should/shouldn't or ought/ought not.

0 We shouldn't stop now. We're going to be late. 1 Y o u ..................................help your friend with her homework every time. It's not good for her. 2 1 ..................................to have eaten so much - I feel sick. 3 ..................................we eat before going to the gym? 4 Do you think I .................................. cut my hair o r .................................... I leave it as it is? 5 You're always late! You ..................................to organize your time better.

6 Y o u ..................................to ask your mum if you can go out tonight. 7 Y o u ..................................to call her to say you're sorry. 0

Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first, using the word in brackets.

1think it's necessary for you to decide what you want to do. (must)

You must decide

1 think it's important that you see a doctor, (must) ........................................................................................................................... 1 really think you should apologise to your teacher, (have) .............................................................................................................. You really should see the London Eye when you are in London, (have)

................................................................................

I think it's very important that you prepare very well for this test, (must)

................................................................................

B Re-write the advice for safe sun tanning. Use must, mustn't, should or shouldn't.

0 It is very important that you are careful when tanning. You must be ca re M

.........................................

We recommend that you wear a hat while staying in the direct sun.............................................................................................. It is not a good idea to sunbathe more than two hours a day........................................................................................................... We strongly recommend that you wear protective goggles.................................................................................................................. It is very important to use sun cream.............................................................................................................................................................. It is a good idea to use skincare products after tanning as well......................................................................................................... If you are taking medication it is very important to ask your doctor whether it is safe to tan............................................

Phrasal verbs

PHRASAL VERBS - фРАЗЕОЛОГИЧНИ ГЛАГОЛИ • Побечето фразеологични глаголи и м а т две ч асти : verb + adverb/preposition (глагол + наречие/предлог): The plane took off at nine o'clock. • Ч есто к а то прибавим наречието/предлога, значението на глагола се променя: Come ОП, we'll be late. (= hurry) • Има два основни модела на фразеологични глаголи: - без допълнение: The thief ran away. - c допълнение. Ако допълнението е същ ествително, т о може да с т о и между глагола и наречието или след наречието: The firemen put out the fire. The firemen put the fire out. Watch it! > Някои фразеологични глаголи не м о га т да се разделят, например look after, go through u gp. > Ako допълнението e местоимение, mo cmou винаги между глагола u наречието. The firemen put it out.

PRACTrCE

IID Complete the sentences. Use the phrasal verbs in the box. turn down 0 Can you

look up turn down

look after

grow up

put on

wake up

find out

the radio, please?

1 I don't know this phrasal verb. I .................................. i t ..........................................in the dictionary. 2 Did you ................................................. in Varna? No, I'm from a small village. 3 S h e ................................................. her new coat and went out. 4

I mustn't be late for school. P le ase ,.................................. m e..........................................at 6:30 the latest.

5 You'll be amazed when y o u ................................................. the truth.

6 Sometimes I have t o ................................................. my little brother. m

Complete the conversation. Use the correct form of the phrasal verbs in the box. break down

carry on

get back

get up

go out

lie down

stay in

A: Do you want to ° go out tonight? Shall we go to the cinema? B: I think I'd prefer to ' ...............................................................I feel quite tired. The car ^................................................... on the way home last night, so 1 ^................................................................................very late and then I had to ................................................................................early this morning. A: Oh. Well, I'll ^...........................................................................watching my DVD if we're not going out. B: OK. I'm going to ®...........................................................................now and have a rest. m

Re-write the sentences. Use pronouns.

0 A: Why did you switch off the lights?

/ didn't switch them off.

1 A: Will you switch on the computer?

I'll..................................................... ..........................in a minute.

2 A: Did you make up this story?

N o ,...................................................

3 A: Put on this sweater!

OK, I'll............................................ ...................in the evening.

4 A: Please tidy up your room.

1 have to study. I 'll................... ............................................ later.

5 A: Go through your dictation to check the spelling. B: OK. ГI'll............................................ 6 A: You have to sort out this problem.

OK. we'll .......................................

7 A: Write down your name on a piece of paper.

OK, I'll ....................................................................................................

Modality - Obligation and necessity (present, past, future) OBLIGATION AND NECESSITY (PRESENT, PAST, FUTURE) Задължение u необходимост (сегашно, минало, бъдеще) Present have to must

1 have to go. (somebody else thinks 1 don't have to go. (no obligation; no necessity) it's necessary) 1 mustn't go. (obligation) 1 must go. (1 think it's necessary)

Past have to 1 had to go. — must Future have to I'll have to go. must

Question

Negative

Positive

Do 1 have to go? (Must 1 go?)*

1 didn't have to go.

Did 1 have to go?

1 won't have to go.

Will 1 have to go?

Когато говорим за неицо, к о е то е Важно или необходимо да се направи (или да не се направи), използваме модалните глаголи must или have to (have got to). Те и м а т сходно значение, но има някои разлики: Obligation, lack of obligation and prohibition (Задължение, липса на задължение u забрана) • must/mustn't използваме, ко гато нещо е задължително, защ ото: - говорещ ият см ята, че е та к а We mustn't be late for the film. - някой по-висщестоящ, например родител или You mustn't talk to your father like that! учител, см ята, че е та ка АМ visitors must switch off their mobile phones. - има писмени правила или инструкции • have to използваме, ко гато нещо е задължително: - защ ото се изисква о т някой друг или о т закона/правилата

We have to pay for the tickets in advance.

• mustn't използваме, ко гато нещо е забранено

You mustn't stay here. (= You aren't allowed)

• don't have to използваме, ко гато нещо не е задължително

You don't have to stay here. (= there's no obligation)

във въпросителна форма обикновено използваме have to, a не must *(must използваме, ко гато оспорваме някоя заповед/правило) за гр ам ати ч н и те форми, koumo са невъзможни за must, използваме have to (минало, бъдеще време)

We have to be at school at 7:30.

Did you have to get a visa? Must I really be home by 8 o'clock? I had to get a prescription from the doctor. I'll have to get there before five.

Necessity and lack of necessity (необходимост, липса на необходимост) за да изразим необходимост или липса на необходимост, използваме have to/don't have to • за изразяване на липса на необходимост в бъдеще или минало време използваме didn't have to u won't have to Watch it! 3a изразяване на необходимост/липса на необходимост можем също да използваме и глагола need/needn't (don't need) to. Той има сходно значение с have to.

Everybody has to eat a balanced diet. You don't have to come if you're busy. We didn't have to get up early. (= it wasn't necessary) You won't have to get up early. (= it won't be necessary) I need to buy some new clothes. You don't need to get up early.

PRACTICE IID Complete the sentences with must/mustn't or the correct form of have to. 0 Students are only permitted to take pencils into the maths exam. They

mustn't

use calculators.

1 Last week, the computer lost all my homework. I .............................do it all again last week. 2 I .............................send Jenny a postcard when I go on holiday. 3 Y o u .............................always look both ways when you cross the road. 4

I've just won millions on the lottery! I .............................work again.

5 W e .............................pay when we went to the concert yesterday. It was free.

6 When 1was at school I .............................study Latin. 7 I'm not going to school tomorrow so I .............................get up early.

8 He hurt his leg so h e .............................go to hospital. 9 Y o u ............................. tell Helen about this. It's a secretl 10

W e ........................... wait a long time for the bus this morning.

1^0Storm is taking her group camping in the mountains. The children are asking her questions. 0 wear special clothes 1 cook our food

Will y/e have to wear special clothes? ...............................................................................................................................................

2 wash our clothes in the river

...............................................................................................................................................

3 sleep outdoors

...............................................................................................................................................

4 climb dangerous rocks

...............................................................................................................................................

IlS Complete, then answer the questions. 0 (you/have to)

Do you have to

go to school on Saturdays?

No, I don't

1 (you/have t o ) ...................................................... take exams at the end of the year?

2 (you/have to) ............................................ do homework most days?

..............................................

.............................................................

3 When you were six, what time (you/have to) ............................................ go to bed?............................................... 4 When you were six, (you/have t o ) ...................................................... study English?

...............................................

5 When you get home today, (you/have to) .................................................................do chores? .............................

110 Choose the correct option. 0 You don't have to /jT]u sti^ ouch this paint. It's wet. 1 I won't have to/mustn't study English next year. It isn't going to be on the timetable. 2 Kelly doesn't have to/mustn't go to school. Her mum teaches her at home. 3 They don't have to/mustn't do the homework tonight. The teacher doesn't need it until next week. 4 We won't have to/mustn't forget our walking boots when we go camping.

IIS Complete the dialogue with the correct form of must or have to. Jill

What are you doing at Christmas, Kate?

Kate I'm going skiing with my family. Jill

Wow! Is it your first time?

Kate No, it isn't. We went last year. I Jill

had to have a lot of lessons then, but I won't need any this year.

Is your little sister going too?

Kate Yes, she is. But she ^.............................stay in the children's class. Jill

Have you got your own skis?

Kate No. We 2............................. (not) take our own skis. We can hire them there. But I haven't got any skiing clothes yet. I ^.............................buy some next weekend. And I ^............................... (not) forget to get some suncream too. Jill

Suncream? At Christmas?

Kate Yes. It can be very sunny in the mountains. You ^.............................. be careful, even in winter.

PRACTICE Complete the dialogue with the correct form of must or have to. From

I I mags@free.mail.co.uk

Subject: I Best birthday present ever! 10

|A rial

B I

u Ш-

Maggie, Guess what I got for my birthday - a moped! Now I ^ don[t have to take the school bus in the morning. I can stay in bed for an extra half an hour. I ^.............................get up until 7:45! Mum ^............................... take me to town by car. I can go into the centre of town and meet my friends, go to the cinema, go shopping - finally I'm free! Of course, Dad has got a list of rules. He says I ^.............................go too ......................use my fast, I ^.............................wear a helmet and I ^....................... moped at night!! He says he ®.............................wait until he was 18 before he got his first moped!! Anyway, I'm just so happy. When are you coming to visit me? You ^.............................see my 'new baby'll! David B Read the information about a reality show. Then complete the text using one word for each space.

Title Main

Hell's Kitchen

group of people work for a famous chef

idea

2 weeks

Duration Audience

vote

Prize

yes money, opportunity to run a restaurant

Celebrity VERSION yes Rules

(^) * work in a restaurant kitchen * live in a flat together * work 8 am - after midnight

(^) * argue with the chef * refuse to do any jobs * go outside the restaurant

* invent meals

Invent a reality show of your own. Complete the information about your show. Title Main idea Duration Audience vote Prize Celebrity version Rules

(^)

....................................................................... ....................................................................... ....................................................................... ....................................................................... .......................................................................

yes

In Hell's Kitchen, a group of people ^ must work together in a restaurant ' .......................................for two weeks. Their boss is a famous TV chef They 2 ....................................... allowed to argue with him, and they ^....................................... refuse to do any jobs in the kitchen. They ^.......................................live in a flat together, and they have ^....................................... work ®....................................... 8 am to after midnight. They 2....................................... to invent meals for the restaurant customers. They aren't ®.................................. to go outside the restaurant. The audience vote for their favourite person, and the ^....................................... gets money and the opportunity to run a restaurant. There's also a celebrity version of the show. Use the model in exercise 7 to write a description of your show.

4В

Present perfect sim ple + justlyet/already

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE + just/yet/already - Сегашно перф ектно бреме + just/yet/already Positive I have already finished my homework, already (You've finished your homework already!)*

just

(Have you already finished?*) I haven't finished my homework yet.

yet I have just finished my homework.

Question

Negative

Have you finished your homework yet? (Have you just finished?)’*

> Употреба За еднократни действия, koumo са извършени наскоро и р е з у л т а т ъ т о т т я х е важен за настоя щ е то ; I've just broken my leg. (Result: I can't walk.) • already ce използва 6 положителни изречения, за ga кажем, че нещо вече е свършено (изпълнено): I've already done my homework. • yet ce използва в о тр и ц ателн и изречения, за да кажем, че нещо все още не е свършено (изпълне но): I haven't done my homework yet. u във въпросителни изречения, за ga попитам е дали нещо е свършено (изпълнено): Have you done your homework yet? • just ce използва в положителни изречения, за ga подчертаем, че нешо току-що е свършено (изпълнено): I've just done my homework. Watch it! • just u already може ga ce използват u за изразяване на учудване или за подчертаване. Тогава т е означават 'по-скоро о т очакваното': You've finished your homework already! (обърни внимание на слоВореда!) Have you already finished? Have you just finished? Други time markers: • Можем също та к а ga използваме: recently/lately (наскоро, в последно време) I haven't met her recently. It's been very hot lately.

PRACTICE yet/already

Choose the correct answer.

0 Have you done the washing-up(v^'already? 1 I've yet/already seen this film. 2 I haven't had time to read my book yet/already. 3 Has he telephoned yet/already? 4 The concert has yet/already finished. 5 Why haven't you washed-up yet/already?

6 They haven't arrived yet/already. 7 Why hasn't she been on holiday vet/alreadv?

8 I've yet/already got this CD. 9 Have you had your English exam yet/already?

PRACTICE Ш

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the present perfect.

1 A (you/do) Have you done your homework yet? B Yes, (l/already do) ................................................. it. 2 A (Mary/finish her exams) ................................................................ yet? B No, s h e ........................................................................................ 3

(My parents/already talk) ..................................................................... to my teacher.

(yo u/w rite)...........................................................................to your grandmother yet?

(We/already do) .................................................................................................... the exercise.

6 (yo u/read )............................................................................................... that book yet? 7

(Peter and Mark/already leave) ...............................................................................................

8 (they/start) .............................................................................................................. the auditions yet? 9

I'm afraid I'm not hungry............................................................................................. (l/already eat)

Read the audition tips and Storm's notes. Then answer the questions.

Audition tips 7 Your song

* Choose your song carefully. Read your instructions - if it says no pop music, don’t choose pop music!

* Have you got the music?

^ soy\^\ Oy\e Love X g e t '•+

* You must take it with you. ✓

* Learn the words and dance steps. * Practise!!

X v\o+

ye+ - f>racf \se all Sa+iAvday!!

2 Your appearance

* You won't need to wear formal clothes - but don't go in your dirtiest jeans. ‘Casual’ can still mean'smart'. Choose something comfortable. ^ *

I *

4v\d + » rC 4 A 3 e V 3 .

* Don t wear a lot of make-up, please. 3 On the day

* How are you going to get there? Check your route.

y e f ~ gef a

* Don’t be late. Be polite and friendly, listen to instructions ... and enjoy it. * Remember - not many people are lucky the first time. You will have lots more chances after this one! G O O D L U C K !!!

What has Storm already done? Write 4 sentences.

1 She[s already read the instructioris. 2 .......................................................................... 3 4

b) What hasn't she done yet? Write 4 sentences.

1 2 3 4

PRACTICE just

I I B Complete the sentences. Choose a verb from the box and put it in the correct form.

IIB Write sentences using just. 0 Mrs Harrison - have breakfast Mrs Harrison has just had break fast 1 the boys - nniss the bus

0 Have you finished your homework yet?

2 the film - start

1 H e .............................already.......................... Spiderman 3.

buy

eat

speak

see

read

have

finish make

2 I'm not hungry. I .............................ju s t ....................................

3 Peter - leave the classroom

3 S h e ...................ju s t .....................to Keith on the phone.

4 my parents - go to bed

4 .............................y o u .......................... the newspaper yet?

5 Karen and Steve - get married

5 D a d ........................n 't .......................... time to read it yet.

6 Robbie W illiam s...................ju s t .....................a new CD.

6 Emma - turn the TV off

7 We

ju s t ........................a new computer.

7 the lesson - finish 11ле Match the questions and answers. Would you like some tea? Would you like something to eat? We're going to see The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian. Do you want to come? 4 What are the big stories in the newspaper today? 5 Where's Catherine? 6 Do you like the new Batman film? 7 Why is Jimmy so happy? 8 is Kevin there? 9 Do you want some tickets for the Metalica concert? 10 What time will they get here?

8 my brother - crash his car 9 we - win a match 10 my computer - stop working

IIS Put the words in the correct order. 0 e-mail/you/replied/yet/to/have/her/? Have you replied to her e-mail yet? 1 back/come/s/from/he/Rome/just/. 2 job/Storm/a/hasn't/yet/found/.

a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j)

3 of/just/coffee/a/cup/had/l've/. 4 l/already/doing/housework/'ve/the/finished/. 5 has/him/yet/spoken/Storm/to/?

6 they/just/'ve/playing/finished/. 7 decided/l/leave/to/already/'ve/.

Thanks, but I've already seen that film. I don't know. I haven't read it yet. I don't know. I haven't seen it yet. He's just passed his exam. They've already arrived. No, thanks. I've just had a sandwich. No, he hasn't come home yet. No, it's OK. I've already bought some. I've just seen her. She's in the garden. No, thanks. I've just had a cup of coffee.

8 my/l/yet/haven't/test/finished/. just/yet/already

IIS Complete the sentences with already, yet or ju st 0 Have you seen The War of the Worlds yet

1 Robert hasn't bought the tickets............................. 2 'Do you want to see the new Tom Cruise film?' 'No, thanks. I'v e ..................................seen it' 3 'Have you heard from Sally?' 'Yes, I'v e ..................................spoken to her on the phone.' 4 Where's Tom going on holiday this year?' ' He hasn't d ecided..................................' 5 1don't want pizza again tonight. We've ..................................had it three times this week!

m Look at the list. Ask and answer about what you've already/just done and what you haven't done yet 0 answer/any questions in class A; Haye you apswered any questions in class yet? B: Yes, Tye already qnsyyered some questions./No, I hqyen't qnsyyered any questions yet 1 see/Maths teacher? A: ................................................................................ B: 2 speak/to a classmate? A: ................................. B: 3 study/for your next test? A : .............................................. B : .............................................. 4 make/plans for the weekend? A : .............................................. B:

Present perfect (+ just/yetlalready) and past simple PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE (+ just/yetjalready) AND PAST SIMPLE Сегашно перф ектно (+ just/yet/already) u минало п р о сто бреме Watch it! Present perfect and past simple • Ako ce интересуваме om moBa какво (what) ce e случило, използваме сегашно перфектно време (present perfect), a ко гато се интересуваме кога, къде или как (when, where, why) mo се е случило, използваме минало п р о сто време (past simple). Have you had your breakfast yet? Yes, I have. When did you have it? I had it half an hour ago.

PRACTICE ID

Circle the correct option.

She's just spoken/She just spoke to Steve. When did they sell/have they sold their car? Have you e-mailed/Did you e-mail Vasi yet? They've/They already spent all their money. Have you done/Did you do your Maths homework yet? Where have you gone/did you go last weekend? m

Put the verbs into the present perfect or past simple.

1 A: We're late. The film °(already/start) has already starte^^ B: When (it/start?) ' .............................................................................................................. A: It started at 8 o'clock. 2 A: (you/buy) ^...........................................................................the new Robbie Williams CD yet? B: Yes, I have, (l/buy) ^...........................................................................it last weekend. A: Where (you/buy)

.................................................................................................... it from?

B: (l/buy) ^.....................................................................................from Sounds Megastore. 3 A: (you/hear) ^............................................................................................... from Matt yet? B; Yes, (l/just/receive)

...........................................................................an e-mail from him.

A; When (he/get/back) ^................................................................................from New York? B: On Sunday evening.

IIS Put the verbs into the present perfect or past simple. Anna is auditioning for Big Brother 4. She's arrived a little late for the audition. Anna: (call) ®Have they

called

my number yet?

Steve: No, they haven't. Anna: (have) ' ............................. D an n y.............................his audition yet? Steve: Yes, he (have) ^.............................his audition yesterday. Anna: What (say) ^.............................h e ............................... about it? Steve: He (say)

.............................it (go) ^............................... well.

Anna: Who's in there now? Steve: A man. He (go) ®.............................ju s t ............................... in. Anna: They (see) .............................already............................... hundreds of people. I'm sure they (choose) ^.............................already............................... someone. Steve: The audition (not/finish) ^.............................yet so they (not/choose) ' 0 .............................anybody yet. Don't be such a pessimist Anna. Go in there and do your best! You'll be fine.

PRACTICE l i E ! Complete the conversation with the correct form of the verbs in the present perfect or past simple. Vasi

Hi, Vesko, (you/have your audition/yet) ^ Have you had your audition yet?

Vesko

No, not yet. It's next week.

Vasi

Are you ready for it?

Vesko Well, I think so. I (buy) ^...................................................... new drums! Vasi

Really? When (you/do) ^...................................................... that?

Vesko

Last weekend. I (go) ^.......................................................to the big music shop in Sofia.

Vasi

(you/practise) ^...................................................... with them?

Vesko Oh yes. I (already/decide) ^...................................................... which songs I'm going to play, and I (try) 速...................................................... them all on the new drums. Moni (listen) ^.........................................................to them last night and she (give) ^...................................................... me her opinion. Vasi

1 know. I (just/see) ^....................................................her at the bus stop. She (tell) 10 me all about it!

Vesko What (she/say) ^h . Vasi

I can't tell you that!

S Put the verbs into the correct form of the present perfect or past simple.

Hi Linda, W e're having a wonderful time here in London. The weather is fantastic and the hotel is fine. W e ^(already see) have already

seen a lot of the city. Yesterday, we (see) ^........................................ the Houses of Parliament, Big Ben and the Tower of London. W e (not be) ^........................................ to St Paul's Cathedral yet. Last night we (have) ^........................................ a wonderful meal in a little restaurant in the city centre. It (be)

........................................

so expensive! You won't believe it but Robbie W illiam s is playing a concert here on Thursday evening. W e (just buy) ^........................................ tickets for it! (you hear) ^........................................ any news about your summer school yet? I'll call you soon. Love M ary

Linda W illow 1159

Street N W

W ashington D C USA

Noun determiners: alllmost/somelnone(of)

NOUN DETERMINERS: аЩmostjsomelnone{of) Определители (количествени) на съ щ ествителн о име: Всички/поВечето/някои/никои • all, most, some and none изразяват следните количества -

4*. - ,'V':

all

most

some

People/Things in general

none People/Things in a specific group

AII/AII of my plants have blossomed. All plants need water. Most of my classmates use a computer. Most students use computers. Some of my friends watch too much television. Some children watch too much television. None of my friends smokes. No child likes smoking. • all/most/some + същ ествителни в множествено число или неброими същ ествителни използва ме, ко гато говорим обобщено за хора или предм ети. • all/most/some + of + the/this/my, etc. използваме, ко гато говорим за определена група о т хора или предм ети. Watch it! • AII/AII of - ко гато говорим за определена група, можем да използваме и д в е те форми, но all е по-често срещано. • None е отр и ц ателн о , затова се използва - с положителен глагол: None of the questions was easy. - със същ естви телн о в ед.ч. или неброимо използваме глагол в ед.ч.: None of the bread is fresh. - със същ ествително в мн.ч. използваме глагол в ед.ч. или мн.ч.: None of my friends is/are rich.

PRACTICE

110Circle the correct option.

0 Some/Mos^web pages on the Internet are in English.

0 Som e/som epfXhe food was awful.

1 Some/Most food is bad for you. 2 Some/All fish can swim. 3 Most/All dinosaurs have disappeared. 4 Some/All people need water to live. 5 Most/All footballers are men, but some/most are women.

6 Most/All pollution comes from cars. IB

Complete the sentences with o f or - .

0 Some

of these photos are very old.

1 A ll..............my friends like video games. 2 M o st..............the clothes in this shop are expensive.

Circle the correct option.

Most/Most of my schoolmates have an Internet connection. Some/Some of sports are really dangerous. None/None of this information is true. Most/Most of mobiles have a camera. My sister spends most/most of her time listening to music.

6 Some/Some of these flowers are lovely.

Write sentences. Use all, most, some or none and of where necessary.

0 80% /m y friends/like going to the cinema. Most o f my friends like going to the cinema. 1 40%/big companies/need to have an Internet site.

2 0% /m y classmates/is married.

3 M o st..............children like chocolate. 4 M o st..............my friends come to school by bus.

3 He's busy/90%/his time.

5 I like a l l ..............types of music, but my favourite

4 100%/countries/have a capital city.

is pop.

6 N o n e ............. the fish can walk.

5 15%/students/work during the holidays.

4Е

C om plex sentence - Adverbial clauses (o f m ann er)

COMPLEX SENTENCE - ADVERBIAL CLAUSES (of manner - as if, as though, like) Синтаксис: Сложно съставно изречение - Подчинени о б сто я тел стве н и изречения за начин • Подчинените изречения за начин се въвеждат със съюзните думи as if, as though + clause, за ga кажем как изглежда нещо или да опишем начина, по ко й то някой извършва нещо. Други съюзни думи м о га т да са: as, (in) the way, (in) the same way • Обикновено следват глаголи к а то : act, appear, be, behave, feel, look, smell, sound, taste. It looks as if it's going to rain. You look as if you've seen a ghost. She behaves as though she's rich. • По същия начин можем за използваме like + clause (в ежедневия език) I feel like I haven't had any sleep. He looked at me like I was mad! • Глаголното време в подчиненото изречение зависи о т то в а на главното изречение и о т то в а дали тв ъ р д е н и е то е вярно или невярно. Виж та б л и ц а та: as if/as though + any tense I feel as if I'm going to faint, (може ga припадна, или не, но та к а Expressing similarity/probability се чувствам) I felt as if I had high temperature. as if/as though + past simple/past continuous He speaks English as if he was from England, (не e вярно - т о й не е om Англия)

Unreal in the present

PRACTICE

IID Complete the sentences. Use as if and the phrases in the box.

I can do anything

it's going to rain

someone's sprayed perfume in it

he trains every day

Complete the conversation. Use as though and the prompts in brackets. Vasi and Moni are discussing the contestants in Big Brother. Vasi

Do you like Peter?

2 You don't look very well. You lo o k ...............................................

Moni Not really. He's very bossy. He tells everyone what to do (he/be) ° as though he was their dad! And he doesn't listen to other people. Last night he just ignored Lucy when she asked him a question. He just acted (he/not listen) ' ................................................. to her.

3 I'm glad you're happy. You so u n d ...............................................

Vasi

4 It smells lovely in this room. It smells ......................................

Moni She is, but she's not very confident. She often asks people for advice (she/not trust) 2 ................................................. her own judgment.

you're enjoying your holidays 0 1feel very confident! I feel

you haven't slept for days

as if I can do anything!

1 Look at these clouds. It lo o ks.........................................................

5 He's very fit. He lo o ks......................................................................... l i B Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.

Vasi

0 Come on. Tell me what you know. You look as if you (know) know something. 1 I'm not going to take my umbrella. It looks as if it (not ra in ).................................................... 2 Bob looks really happy. It looks like he (have got) ..................................good results at the test.

At least she doesn't complain! A lot of them complain about things (it/not be) ^................................................. their choice to be on the showl

Moni 1 know! That's really annoying. But they're very relaxed in front of the cameras, aren't they? Vasi

They aren't all relaxed. Emma's always doing things (she/can't) ................................................. sit still and Johnny often has his headphones on (he/not want) ^.......................................to talk to anyone.

Mini

It's funny. We talk about them (we/know) ®................................................. them, don't we?

Vasi

Yes.

3 Look at Bob! He behaves as if (just/receive) .......................................great news. 4 He behaves as if he ( b e ) ....................................... the King of the World. 5 Don't behave yourself as if it ( b e ) ..................................the last day in your life.

I like Lucy. She's nice.

The gerund

THE GERUND - Герундий > Образуване The gerund (герундий) се образува к а то добавим окончанието - ing към глагола. > Употреба Герундий използваме : • в началото на изречението к а т о същ ествително: Learning English is easy. Playing the drums is my favourite hobby. • след глаголи к а т о like, love, enjoy, prefer, not mind, can't stand; I love dancing. I hate cooking. • след прилагателни, следвани om предлог, к а то good at, afraid of, interested in, fond of, keen on, sorry for, tired of u други: He is very good at drawing. He's afraid of climbing. • след глагола go, ко гато говорим за конкретно занимание или сп о р т: We went skiing last week. Let's go swimming.

PRACTICE

ID Form sentences using the gerund. 0 drive/difficult Driving is difficuU........................................................................................................................ 1 eat fat food/bad for your health ............................................................................................................................................................... 2 play computer games/fun .......................................................................................................................................................................... 3 ride a mountain bike/exciting .................................................................................................................................................................... 4 climb a mountain wall/dangerous .......................................................................................................................................................... 5 visit other countries/very interesting ..................................................................................................................................................... Form sentences using the gerund. 0 We/enjoy/go to the cinema on Saturdays. 1/don't mind/watch horror films.................................................................................................... 1/prefer/listen to pop music............................................................................................................. l/can't stand/listen to my sister's chatting on the phone................................................. you/enjoy/read books?..................................................................................................................... l/love/spend my whole day just doing nothing...................................................................

I IBForm sentences using the gerund. 0 l/be afraid of/walk in the dark

Ггп afraid of walkirig m 1 Sue/be very good at/drawing ............................................................................................................... 2 She/be very fond of/sing......................................................................................................................... 3 Dad says that mum/not very good at/cook ................................................................................ 4 l/not very keen on/play c h e ss............................................................................................................... 5 l/sorry for/make you cry ......................................................................................................................... \ m Form sentences using the gerund. 0 We/often go/swim at the weekends. We often go swimming aft^^ 1 Let's/go/jog in the park.............................................................................................................................. 2 We/go/ski this winter. .............................................................................................................................. 3 you/go/mountain dimb/last summer? .......................................................................................... 4 We/go/shop with my parents................................................................................................................. 5 It's a beautiful day. Let's /go/sunbathe.............................................................................................. Ш Complete the sentences 1 In my spare time 1enjoy 2 1 hate 3 I don't mind 4 I'm good at 5 I love 6 I'm really bad at

about you. .................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................

5В

Pronouns (one/ones/other/another)

PRONOUNS (one/ones/other/another) - Местоимения (one/ones/other/another) > Употреба • one или ones използваме, за ga избегнем повторение на същ ествително: I don't like this bag, but I like the blue one. . Which one/ones използваме, за ga попитам е кое om д в е т е /om м ногото, без ga повтаряме с ъ щ е ств и те л н о то ; Which boy? = Which one? The tall one./That one./The one with the blond hair. Which boys? = Which ones? The tall ones./Those ones./The ones with the blond hair. There are two pens on the desk. Which one is yours? There are lots of books on the desk. Which ones are yours? . another + същ ествително в ед.ч./опе означава още един или друг/друга/друго Would you like another biscuit? These biscuits are nice. Can I have another one? This glass is dirty. Could you bring me another one, please? • (the/my/your, etc.) other + същ ествително в ед.ч. или мн.ч. /one/ones използваме, ко гато гово рим за различни хора/предмети, ко и то вече сме споменали: The shop is on the other side of the street? Where are your other friends? I know this girl, but I don't know the other one. • another u other можем ga използваме без същ ествително: I don't like this computer. I'll ask for another. Here's one shoe. Where's the other? • the others означава д р уги те хора/предмети: We've arrived early. Let's wait for the others.

PRACTICE

IID Complete the conversations. Use one or ones. 0 A: Is there a cafe near here?

B: There's , pne

in the City Mall.

1 A: I need new jeans.

B: Do you? What's the matter with your o ld .................................................. ?

2 A: Do you like this song?

B: No, but I liked the la s t....................................................................

3 A: Have you got a bag?

B; Yes, but it's a s m a ll...............................................................

4 A: Look at my new trainers.

B: Oh, they're 'Adidas'. What happened to your 'P u m a '..............................?

5 A: Are your exams this year important? B: Yes, but the really important...................... are at the end of the year.

6 A: Can I have your pen, please?

B: Sure. Do you want the black or the r e d ................................................. ?

m Circle the correct option. 0 1 have ibtheVanother friends but nobody understands me as well as Ben. 1 I'm going to take this DVD back and ask for another/other one. 2 I'll get these trainers because the another/others are too expensive. 3 This year we might go to another/other resort to compare vacation. 4 The 'Play' button works, but the another/others don't. 5 The another/other problem is that cars cause too much pollution. i m Read and complete. Moni Are you ready for the party? Vasi No, I'm not. The others are already there but I don't know what to wear. Moni Why don't you put on your jeans and your new blouse. Vasi ’ ..................................? Moni The ^........................you bought last week - the red ^......................................... It's gorgeous. Vasi I'm not sure I look very well in it. But I've bought ^............................................... Moni ^.......................................? Vasi Yes. Do you remember the ®........................with the white collar we saw in the shop a few days ago? Moni OK. I remember now. But don't wear your red sandals with that. I'll lend you my white ^.................................. But hurry, we're going to be late. Vasi Thanks, Moni. You're a real friend. Just give me ®............................................ second and I'll be ready. Moni Now, let's call the ^.............................and tell them we'll be there in a minute.

The Infinitive

Г THE INFINITIVE - Инфинитив И нф и ни тибьт е основната форма на глагола. Има две форми на инфинитив; > инфинитив с to (full infinitive) > инфинитив без to (bare infinitive) • Full infinitive (c to) използваме: > след някои глаголи к а то : advise, expect, plan, agree, force, prefer, allow, forget, promise, appear, arrange, help, ask, hope, start, begin, learn, stop, like, choose, want, would like, decide, offer Mark promised to help me with my project. I want to go to the Language School next year. > след прилагателни к а то : happy, delighted, glad, pleased, sorry, etc. I'm glad to see you. She's sorry to leave. > u 6 други случаи > Виж Unit 7 - Infinitive of purpose, cmp. 42 . Bare infinitive (без to) използваме: > след глаголите make u let: make означава, че някой задължава някого да направи неидо: Му Mum makes me tidy my room every day. let означава, че някой разрешава на някого да направи нещо: Our teacher lets us use our dictionaries in class. > след някои модални глаголи к а то : could, may, might, must, should I can give you an advice. She might not come to the party. > u в други случаи к а то would rather, had better u т .н , koumo ще се изучават на по-късен е т а п .

PRACTICE

ID choose and complete with the full infinitive. see

hear

help

0 Vesko has agreed

answer

to play

play

in our school band.

1 Steve! It's g oo d ............................................ you again after the vacation!

1 will re fu se ...........................................the question. It's wonderful............................................ such good news. I'm always glad ............................................ my friends who have problems with their computers. I'm sca red ............................................ there by myself

liB Rewrite the sentences using make or let. 0 Mum doesn't allow me to stay up late.

P. ^9PH99.

9.P.

1 Our teacher wants us to do all our projects....................................................................................................... 2 Will you allow me to use your computer? ........................................................................................................ 3 My parents want me to come home early.......................................................................................................... 4 My piano teacher wants me to practise every day.......................................................................................... 5 1 want to help you............................................................................................................................................................

6 They didn't allow us to take our cameras into the museum. 7 Why do you allow her to borrow all your clothes?....................

IIS Complete with the full or the bare infinitive. 0 I would like (spend)

to spend some time in London.

1 My Dad doesn't let me (d riv e ).............................his car. 2 I'm sorry (hear) .............................you have bad marks at the test. 3 Our teacher made us (rewrite) .............................the homework.

It's very late. I must (leave) you let me (go) .............................to the party?

6 It's boring (go) .............................to school every day. 7 Dad made me (promise) .............................that I would never do that again.

M odality: Permission

MODALITY: PERMISSION - М одалност: разрешение > Употреба I. Когато говорим за разрешени/неразрешени неща, използваме; . can/can't и am/is/are (not) allowed to, за ga говорим за неща, koumo ни е/не ни е разрещено да правим. Visitors can't/are not allowed to take pictures in the gallery. Can I smoke here? No, you can't. Are visitors allowed to take pictures in the gallery? No, they aren't. . may (not) u must (not) най-често се ср е щ а т в указателни табели или писмени правила. Passengers may not/must not bring alcohol in the bus. . could u was/were allowed to, за ga говорим за разрещени неща в миналото. We could/were allowed to use dictionaries in exams. . can u will be/will not be allowed to, за ga говорим за разрешени неща в бъдеще. Сап we leave school early tomorrow? Next year students will be allowed to use dictionaries in exams. Watch it! • B минало време: > ко гато говорим за общо разрещение (general permission), можем ga използваме kakmo could, та к а u was/were allowed to; We could/were allowed to use dictionaries in class. > HO ко гато говорим за конкретен случай, използваме само was/were allowed to (но не could): I was allowed to leave early yesterday. t-could leave early yesterday. II. 3a ga поискаме разрещение, използваме: . Can I ...?/Could I ...? (Could e по-учтивата форма) или May I ...? (по-официална форма): Can I borrow your mobile, Mary? Could I borrow your mobile, Mrs Wilson? May we wait inside? 3a ga дадем разрещение, използваме: . can или may (но не could): Yes, you can/may. или изразите Yes, all right/of course/sure/certainly. 3a ga откаж ем разрещение, използваме: . can't или may not (но не couldn't); You can't/may not wait here, или изразите No, sorry./l'm afraid not. • Когато отказваме разрешение, ч е сто даваме и причината за то в а : Сап I borrow your mobile? No, sorry. It's out of order. Watch it! • 3a ga поискаме разрешение, използваме Can I ...?/Could I ...?/May I ...?, h o не използваме Am I allowed to ...? Can I borrow your mobile, please? Am I allowed to borrow your mobile, please? • Can I ... = polite © Could I = more polite ©© May I = extremely polite ©©©

PRACTICE

ID Complete with the correct form of be allo w ed to. 0 You

a re n 't a//oiye^ to

smoke in here. X

1 We visited the gallery but w e ...................................................... take photos. X

2 ..................................w e ......................................... use the library tomorrow? / 3 1............................................ usually...............................................stay up late. X 4 Y o u ............................................ to drive if you're under eighteen. X 5 Remember, y o u ................................................. to enter the room during the exam next week. X

6 When 1was a child, w e ................................................. go to a disco only if we were over twenty. /

PRACTICE I I B Rewrite the sentences using the word given. 0

You aren't allowed to leave the classroom early, (can)

You can[t leave the school^

You will be allowed to stay in the classroom during the break, (can) We mustn't run in the corridors, (may) ........................................................... You are not allowed to use calculators during the test, (can)

.............

You can't swim in the lake, (a llo w ed )................................................................ Visitors are not allowed to feed the animals at the zoo. (may)

........

Circle the correct answer.

0 We took some photographs, but we can't/may notA/yerejVt allo\^HTD record the interview. 1 You can/can't/couldn't wear my jacket. I don't need it. 2 We may not/can't/weren't allowed to wear jeans at school when we were students. 3 Next year, we 're allowed to/'ll be allowed to/could choose which subjects to study. 4 We mav/'re allowed to/could use the library on Mondays and Fridays. 5 I'm sorry, madam. You can't/weren't allowed to/couldn't smoke here. It's a no-smoking area.

6 I'm sorry, sir. You may not/are allowed to/couldn't come in here. Please wait outside. 7 Could l/Will I be allowed to come and see you at the camp?

8 I'm ill and I have to stay in bed. I couldn't/'m not allowed/wasn't allowed to go out. 9 Last night I was allowed to/could stay at a friend's house for the first time. 10 I couldn't/am not allowed to ride a motorbike because I'm not old enough. I I B Ask permission using can, could or m ay. Then give/refuse permission. 0 You're at a friend's house and you'd like to use the phone. © A

Can I use your phone?

Yes,

1 You're at a restaurant. You want to wash your hands. ©©© A ................................................................................................. B ......................................................................................................................... 2 You want to watch a late TV show. Ask your mum. © A ........................................................................................ B ....................................................................................... 3 You're phoning your friend. His mum is on the phone. Tell her you want to speak to Tom. ©© A ................................................................................................. B ................................................................................................. 4 You are at a museum. You want to take a photograph. ©©© A ................................................................................................. B ................................................................................................. 5 You want to go to a disco. Ask your father. © A ................................................................................................. B ................................................................................................. 6 You want to ask your teacher a question. ©© A ................................................................................................. B ................................................................................................. 7 It's cold in the classroom. You want to close the window. © A ................................................................................................. B ................................................................................................. 8 Your friend is reading a magazine. You want to look at it. © A ................................................................................................. B .................................................................................................

6А

C om parative structures so...that, such (o/an)...that

COMPARATIVE STRUCTURES so...that, such (a/an)...that - Сравнения • so/such използваме, за ga подчертаем/подсилим прилагателно, наречие или озщ естВително. > so + прилагателно/наречие She's so good at art! She paints so well! > so + much/many I've got so much work to do! > such + (прилагателно) + сьидестВително (неброимо/мн.ч.) We had such good weather! She wears such good clothes! > such (a/an) + (прилагателно) + съидестВително (ед.ч.) She's such a good painter! • so...that/such (a/an)...that използваме, ко гато говорим за р езултата о т нещо: They walked so slowly (that) they missed the bus. It was such a boring book (that) I couldn't read it. s

PRACTICE

IIDComplete Steve's postcard with so and such (a).

Greetings from Dublin! It's such a great city! The people are ^...................... friendly and there's a great atmosphere. I really like Phoenix park — it's ^................... big you can get lost! Grafton Street is ^................... great shopping street! There are street performers and lots of people. It's ................... noisy and colourful. There's ^............... choice of things to do! The only problem with Dublin is that it's ^................... expensive! Hugs and kisses, Steve ...................................

IIS Complete the sentences with so,

such or such a /a n .

0 That was such a stupid film. 1 H e 's ........................difficult to understand when he speaks quickly. 2 I didn't know that this house was ........................old. 3 Look at your room! I've never seen ........................mess! 4 The weather i s ........................beautiful! I don't want to leave. 5 I really like Mark and Brenda. They're ........................nice people. 6 London i s ........................expensive city. 7 I'm ........................tired I can't do my homework. 8 I h a d ........................big breakfast that I didn't want lunch.

....... ......................... .........................................

I i n n IlM lT tt

Use the prompts to write two sentences in the past simple for each item, one with so and one with such (a/an). 0 be boring/film/we/leave early The film way so boring that we le ft early. It was щ ф a boring filrn that we left early. 1 long journey/they/fall asleep

2 exciting book/l/read it in two days

great party/we not want/leave

delicious food/we/eat too much

5 hard work/we/not finish it

m Make sentences using the prompts and so, such or such a.

0 It/beautiful day It '5 ? и ф .и b ea u tifu l clay!

1 Ш Complete with so, such a/an and finish the sentences using your imagination.

1 H e/rude...........................................................

0 It was

They/nice people We/tired..................

Аиф a

nice day th a t...................................................................

1 The food w a s ..................................hot th a t....................................................... 2 Mr Johnson i s ........................boring teacher that ....................................... 3 She h a d ...................high heels on her shoes that .................................. 4 Her voice i s ....................................... quiet th a t.................................................

She/clever............. You/good dancer

5 In that club they p la y ........................loud music th a t................................

6 The shop assistant w a s ........................ rude to us th a t.......................... 7 I m e t...................interesting people at the party th a t.............................

6В

Present perfect sim ple + for/since

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE + for/since - Сегашно перфектно Време + for/since Positive for

They have lived here for 10 years.

since They have lived here since 1990.

Negative I haven't seen him for days. I haven't seen him since Monday.

Question |Qpg have they here?

> Употреба • for u since използваме със сегашно перфектно Време, за да опишем действия, ко и то са започна ли в миналото и продължават в н а сто я щ е то . А к ц е н тъ т е върху то в а , че нещо продължава да се случва. Не has been a teacher for ten years, (u Bee още e учител) • разликата между for u since e следната: > for използваме, ко гато посочваме периода, В koQmo се е извършвало д е й с тв и е то (например колко години, колко часа и т .н .) Не has been a doctor for many years. > since използваме, ко гато посочваме м ом ента, om ко й то е започнало д е й с тв и е то (напри мер о т миналия понеделник, о т 1998 г. и т .н .) We have lived in this house since 2002. Watch it! • Минало пр о сто u сегашно перф ектно време (Past simple and present perfect) for може ga ce използва u c минало п р о сто Време. > c минало п р о сто Време - ко гато говорим за действие, ко е то е започнало и приключило В миналото. We lived in the USA for five years. Живяхме B САЩ пет години, (но Вече не живеем там) > със сегашно перфектно Време - ко гато говорим за действие, ко е то е започнало В миналото U продължава и 6 н а сто я щ е то . We've lived in the USA for five years. Живеем B САЩ om nem години, (u Bee още живеем там)

> since използваме само със сегашно перфектно Време, past simple: present perfect:

They w ere married since 2003. They've been married since 2003.

PRACTICE ID

Complete with for or since.

IIS Complete the sentences with the

4 ......... .........a few minutes

present perfect and for or since.

1 .. ............... 1998

5 ......... .........a week

0 He (be) Иш been here for three

2 .. ............... five years

6 ......... .........five o'clock

3 .. ............... my birthday

7 ......... .........half an hour

since

Wednesday

hours. 1 He ( b e ) .................................. here ..................................ten o'clock this morning.

\ m Complete the sentences with the past simple or present perfect.

2 I (k n o w ).................................. Henry

0 They (wait) waited for an hour and then they left.

3 I (k n o w ).................................. Henry

1 He (work) ..................................in that factory since 1995.

..................................we were children. ..................................a very long time.

2 He (w o rk )..................................in that factoty until he found a better job.

4 1 (h a v e ).................................. this mobile ..................................my birthday.

3 She (have) ..................................that car since 2001.

5 I (have) ..................................this mobile

4 She (h a v e )..................................that car for six months and then she sold it. 5 I (not/see) ..................................her since Noel's party.

6 I (n o t/se e )..................................her at Noel's party yesterday.

..................................six months.

6 We (n ot/sp eak)..................................to them .................................. Debbie's party. 7 We (not/speak) ..................................to them .................................. almost a year.

PRACTICE Use the prompts to make sentences in the present perfect. Use for or since.

0 Kate/have her dog/2002

Kate's had her dog since 2^

.........................................................

1 My parents/be married/twenty-one years ............................................................................................................... 2 l/know Tony/we were at school ................................................................................................................................... 3 They/live in that house/Christmas .............................................................................................................................. 4 l/want to be a singer/a long time

..............................................................................................................................

5 We/be here/seven hours.................................................................................................................................................. 110 Ask questions with H o w long have you ...? Then answer the questions using for or since.

A 0 (you be at school today)

How long have you been at school today? 1 (you be in this lesson)

.............................................................................

2 (you know your best friend) 3

(you be awake today)

(you live where you live now)

(you know your teacher)

6 (you be at this school)

Read Jim's CV and complete the sentences with present perfect or past simple.

J im F ra n cis d a te o f b irth ;

1 4 /8 /6 9

n a tio n a lity :

B ritish

m arried :

y es

ad d ress:

5, Ja c k s o n Close, Toronto, Canada

1 9 7 4 -1 9 8 5 :

sch o o l

1 9 8 6 -1 9 9 0 :

w ork ed in a b an k in L ond on

1 9 9 0 -1 9 9 2 :

tra v e lle d aro u n d w orld

1 9 9 2 -1 9 9 8 :

w ork ed in A u stra lia

1998:

g o t m arried

1 9 9 9 -:

m oved to C anada

1 J im ........................ school) 2 H e ........................ Canada, (work) 3 H e ........................ 1990 to 1992. 4 H e ........................ (leave) 5 He ....'................. married) 6 H e ........................ 1999. (live)

....................................... for eleven years, (go to .......................................... in England, Australia and ................................................for two years, from (travel around the world) ................................................Australia in 1999. ................................................f o r ...........years, (be ................................................in Canada since

I I B Circle the correct option to complete the inten/iew. The rock band Freefall have ju st had their first number one album. We interviewed two o f the band members: Jeff Clarke and Ray Mathews. 1 2 Jeff ^......... Ray ^..........we were in college. 3 Interviewer How long ^........ in Freefall? 4 Ray We ^..........three years ago. 5 Interviewer When ^........ your first album? 6 Jeff We ^.........our first album ^........... 2004. 7 Interviewer How many albums ^........ since then? 8 Ray We ..........two albums since then. 9 The new album is called Ignition. 10 We're really happy with it. It " ......... 11 number one in the charts ........ five 12 weeks now. Interviewer How long ' ........ Ray?

a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a)

have you known 1 knew since have you been have got together have you made made for have you made 've made has been for

b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b)

did you know 1 know for are you together do you make have made since did you make made is since

c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c)

were you known I've known from were you got together did you make were making in are you making make was in _ _

Complex sentence Adverbial clauses (time clauses) COMPLEX SENTENCE - ADVERBIAL CLAUSES (TIME CLAUSES) Синтаксис: Сложно съставно изречение - Подчинени о б с то я те л с тв е н и изречения за време Подчинените изречения за време се Въвеждат със съюзните думи before, after, as, as long as, for, since, when, while until, etc. + clause, за ga кажем кога се случва нещо, ч е сто във връзка с друго съби ти е . I always have breakfast before I go to school, main clause time clause Глаголното време в подчиненото изречение зависи о т то в а на главното изречение: > ко гато глаголът в главното изречение е в сегашно или бъдеще време - глаголът 6 подчиненото изречение е в сегащно време. After you exercise, you need to drink water. I'll study for the test until I'm tired, (until I will be tired) > ко гато глаголът в главното изречение е в минало време - глаголът в подчиненото изречение е в минало време. I got this bike when I lived in Sofia. Когато подчиненото изречение следва главното, mo не се отделя със запетая. Когато подчиненото изречение предхожда главното, поставяме запетая след него: I saw Mary while I was shopping. While I was shopping, I saw Mary.

PRACTICE

D Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. 0 I'll phone you when I have

(have) time.

1 I won't let you leave the classroom before y o u ....................................... (do) all the exercises. 2 We waited for them until i t ............................................ (get) dark. 3 Please wait for me until I ................................................. (be) back. 4 I'd like to say a few words before w e ................................................. (start). 5 He was listening to some music while h e ................................................. (drive) home.

6 Tell Julie I'll call her as soon as I ................................................. (have) some news. S

Put commas where necessary.

1 As soon as I saw him I recognised him. 2 I saw him while I was walking home from the gym. 3 When I picked up the phone someone said 'Hello' to me. 4 While we were talking I tried to remember who he was. 5 I haven't seen him since he moved to another town.

6 When you arrive at the airport a car will take you to the hotel. ' S choose the correct answer. ° When 1was eleven, 1 learned to ski ' .................................. 1 was on holiday. ^.......... ......................going in the tracks, you do a short course with an instructor. ^.................................. you use small skis ^....... ..........................you can do it well. ^..................................you learn to use a lift to pull you up the slope. ®.................................. you can try to ski with bigger boards. It's hard at first, but ^.... ........................... 1 started to feel more confident, 1 loved it. ®... .............................doing it several times. I've become quite good at it and ^.................................. 1 have the money. I'll buy my own skis and a snowboard.

0 a) Until 1 a) after 2 a) Before 3 a) First 4 a) since 5 a) While 6 a) Then 7 a) until 8 a) After 9 a) until

(^ W hen b) while b) After b) Next b) while b) Finally b) When b) finally b) Before b) as soon as

c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c)

After as soon as When Then until Next While as soon as When then

Adverbs of degree + gradable/non-gradable adjectives and adverbs ADVERBS OF DEGREE + GRADABLE/NON-GRADABLE ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS Наречия за сте п е н + прилагателни u наречия I. Gradable adjectives and adverbs. • Gradable adjectives and adverbs ce о т н а с я т за качества, koumo м о га т ga се с те п е н у в а т или срав няват. Те обикновено м о га т да образуват сравнителна и превъзходна степ ен . • Adverbs of degree (наречия за сте п е н ) можем да използваме, за да подсилим или отслабим тези прилагателни или наречия: He's а fairly good singer but he needs more practice. . very можем ga използваме c всички gradable adjectives and adverbs: very intelligent, very badly . extremely, really можем ga използваме c много om gradable adjectives and adverbs: extremely hot, really old-fashioned II. Non-gradable adjectives and adverbs. • Non-gradable adjectives and adverbs ce о т н а с я т за изключителни качества, koumo не м о га т ga се сте п е н у в а т или сравняват. Те обикновено н ям ат сравнителна и превъзходна степ ен и по смисъла CU означават very -i- gradable adjective/adverb. gradable

non-gradable

angry hot

furious (= very angry) boiling (= very hot)

big gigantic (= very big) important essential (= very important) • really, absolutely можем ga използваме c non-gradable adjectives and adverbs, за ga ги подчертаем, но не u ga ги отслабим: absolutely brilliant, really awful Watch it I • very не можем ga използваме c non-gradable adjectives: very boiling, very gigantic . quite можем ga използваме c различно значение: > quite + gradable adjective/adverb It's quite good. (=fairly) > quite + non-gradable adjective/adverb The team played quite brilliantly. (=absolutely)

PRACTICE

IIDCircle the correct answer. 0

It happened as you said. In fact, you were absolutely/extremelv right.

1 John is an extremelv/absolutely good runner. 2

It's absolutelv/realiv hot this summer.

It is verv/absolutelv important that you don't miss this chance.

London is a beautiful city with some really/very magnificent buildings.

The meal was reallv/fairlv delicious.

6 The film we saw was quite/totallv amusing. 7

We always have a really/very wonderful time when we go there.

8 You've made quite/very a big mess. 9

Are you absolutely/extremely certain that the information is true?

10 You should go and see the exhibition at the museum. It's absolutely/very interesting. m

Read the text and choose the correct words.

I want to forget that night! I've had a lot of embarrassing moments, but the worst was probably last year. I was invited to a pajamas party. I was °(^ui^totally worried about it because 1 didn't have any Very/completely nice pajamas so I went shopping and bought some new ones. They were ^ reallv/absolutely expensive and ^very/totally gross - actually, they were pink with blue spots. 1 would never really wear pajamas like that. When 1 got to the party, 1was the only person in pajamas. All the other people were wearing normal clothes. 1felt ^ very/really terrible. Everyone thought it was ^very/absolutelv funny, of course, but it was horrible for me. I went home early, and I feel sick every time I think about it.

7А

The infinitive of purpose

THE INFINITIVE OF PURPOSE - Инфинитив за цел > Употреба Infinitive of purpose (to infinitive) използваме: • за ga кажем защо правим нещо: Не was holding my arm (in order) to help me. Mum went out to buy some bread. > за други случаи на употреба на Full infinitive (to infinitive) - Виж Unit 5C, cmp. 34 Watch it! • за ga попитам е защо някой прави нещо, или каква е целта на нещо, можем да използваме why или what ... for: Why are you phoning him? What are you phoning him for? (To tell him about the test tomorrow.) • също та к а можем ga използваме for + noun, за ga кажем каква е целта или причината за нещо: We sat down to rest, (to + infinitive) We sat down for a rest, (for + noun)

PRACTICE liD Make sentences. 0 1 2 3 4 5

She's hurrying home I'm writing to Aunt Sue He's going to the supermarket She's working in a cafe I'm sitting down We're surfing the Internet

a) to earn some money. b) to have my breakfast. •c) to watch her favourite TV show. d) to find information for my project. e) to thank her for the present. f) to buy something for dinner.

A n s w e r t h e q u e s t io n s . W rite s e n t e n c e s w ith th e w o r d s in t h e box.

catch the last bus home

keep the cold air out

3 Why did you leave early?

post a letter

I went to the post office to post a LeUer.

1 Why did you go to the post office? 2 Why did you borrow my phone?

call my dad

...

...................

4 Why did you shut the window? ........ 1Ш

W rite t h e s e s e n t e n c e s w it h in fin itiv e s o f p u r p o s e .

0 I'm saving so that I can buy a new mobile.

I'm saying to buy a nevy mobile.

1 I wanted to tell Johnny about the party so I wrote a note......................................................................... 2 He wore a heavy jacket because he wanted to keep warm..................................................................... 3 They went to the bank because they had to get some money............................................................... 4 I got up early this morning because I had to finish my English homework........................................ 5 I came here because I wanted to see you...................................................................................................

6 He pretended to be rich because he wanted to impress his friends.............................................

IfQA n s w e r t h e q u e s t io n s . U s e

in fin itiv e s o f p u r p o s e .

0 What do you need a computer for?

I need a computer to chat with rny friends.

1 What do you use the Internet fo r?...................................................................................................................... 2 What do you need a mobile for?

.....................................................................................................................

3 What do you need to go to school fo r?........................................................................................................... 4 What do you need a car for? ................................................................................................................................ 5 What do you need a pet fo r?................................................................................................................................

6 What do you need your friends for? ................................................................................................................

7В

im perative

IF + IMPERATIVE - Условни изречения > Образуване • Условните изречения и м а т две части : /f clause (условно изречение) и main clause (главно изре чение). • Условните изречения се въвеждат обикновено със съюза if, но също та к а м о га т да се въведат със съюзите when, as soon as, unless u други) • Има няколко вида условни изречения, ко и то ще б ъ д а т изучавани на по-късен е т а п , но if + imperative използваме, за да дадем инструкции, ко и то зависят о т някои неща в настоя щ е т о или б ъдещ ето. Глаголът в условното изречение е в сегащно време, а глаголът в главното изречение - в заповедна форма. If it's cold, wear a coat. If there's an accident, phone the police. • Когато условното изречение предхожда главното, mo се отделя със запетая. If you don't understand, ask. Ask if you don't understand.

PRACTICE I D

C o m p le t e th e s e n t e n c e s w ith

0 If you (get)

get lost, (ask)

if +

ask

im p e ra tiv e .

a policeman for directions.

1 (t e ll)............................................ me if you (not like) ...............................................the food.

2 (not b e ) ............................................ angry if everything ( g o ) ...............................................wrong! 3 If you (lo s e )............................................ something valuable, (not p a n ic )...............................................! 4 If he ( b e ) ............................................ rude to you, (ig n o re )...............................................him. 5 (not worry) ............................................ if you (not win) ...............................................the race. m

C o m p le t e th e s e n t e n c e s .

0 When someone (smile)

smiles

at you, (smile)

smile

back!

1 As soon as you (get u p ) ............................................ tomorrow, (drink) ................................................... a glass of water.

2 (not g o ) ............................................ out when your grandparents (c o m e ).................................... to visit. 3 (tu rn )............................................ right as soon as you ( s e e ) ...............................................the bridge. 4 When Leo (arrive) ............................................ , (t e ll).............................................him where we've gone. 5 (go to b e d )............................................ as soon as this programme (fin is h ).................................................. m

C irc le th e c o rr e c t o p tio n a n d m a k e s e n t e n c e s a b o u t w h a t y o u s h o u ld d o if t h e r e 's fire.

0 When/hear/the fire alarm, r u n / w ^ to the exit. When you hear the fire alarrn, walk to the exit.

1 If/see/smoke coming under the door, stay in/leave the room. 2 If/there/be/smoke/lie on the floor near the door/window. 3 When/leave/the room, shut the door/leave the door open. 4 As soon as/be/outside, look for vour friends/go to the meeting point.

PRACTICE Ш

Read the situations and write instructions. Use the verbs in brackets.

0 Emma's bus is coming, but she isn't at the bus stop.

If you want to catch the bus,

1 John wants to go out. It's raining hard.

If you go o u t,.......................................a raincoat, (wear)

2 Sam wants to buy a CD player.

If you buy o n e ,....................................... careful, (be)

3 Meg doesn't like her friend's new dress.

If she asks you what you th in k ,........................her. (not tell)

4 Billy's friend has invited him to a party, but he doesn't want to go.

If you don't like parties,.................................. (not go).

Complete the text with the phrases in the box.

don't disturb draw pictures If you haven't got a cassette recorder record a description ask them stay calm take a photo What to

do if you see a

UFO

If you see a UFO ° stay calm

. Don't panic. If you have a camera,

^...............................................If you haven't got a camera, ^............................... If you have a cassette recorder, ^............................................ of what is happening. ^............................................ , write the description on a piece of paper. If there are other people with you, ^............................................ to record or write their descriptions. If the UFO touches the ground, ^............................................ the area. You can take photographs but don't touch anything.

Answer the questions. Use if + imperative and your imagination. 0 I'm looking after a baby. What do I do if she cries? If she cries, giye her some milk. 1 I'm driving a car for the first time. What do I do when I see a red traffic light? 2 I'm cooking pasta. What do I do as soon as the water boils? 3 I'm going camping. What do I do if 1 can't put the tent up?

hurry

up! (hurry)

Present and past passive

PRESENT AND PAST PASSIVE - С тр ад а те л е н залог: сегашно u минало време Positive _

+ c ■ resen pa siv

„ ^ Past passive

Negative

И/Л-question

The patient is taken to hospital.

The patient isn't taken to hospital.

Where is the patient taken?

The patient was taken to

The patient wasn't taken to

Where was the patient

> Образуване - форми С тр ад ателен залог на глагола се образува с пом ощ та на ф о рм ите за сегашно/минало Време на спомагателния глагол be (положителна, отр и ц ателн а, Въпросителна) + минало причастие на глагола. is locked was discovered are taken

were written

> Виж Приложение 3(1): Таблица на неправилните глаголи, с тр . 63 > Виж Приложение 1(15): Граматични таблици. Present passive - Страдателен залог: сегашно Време, с тр . 59 > Виж Приложение 1(16): Граматични таблици. Past passive - С тр ад ател ен залог: минало Време, с тр . 59

> Употреба • С тр ад ателен залог използваме, ко гато е Важно сам о то действие. И звърш ителят на дей ствие т о не HU интересува или не знаем кой е. Vegetables are grown on the farm. The painting was sold for a lot of money. • Когато искаме ga кажем кой е извършител на д е й с тв и е то , използваме предлога by + и м ето /суб екта на д е й с тв и е то . This cathedral was designed by a famous architect. • 3a ga сменим om деятелен B стр а д а телен залог: > допълнението В деятелен залог став а подлог В стр а д а телен залог, а подлогът В деятелен залог став а допълнение В стр а д а телен залог. > глаголът се променя о т деятелен В стр а д а телен залог. Past simple passive (was/were + past participle (+ by) Subject Action Object Active Passive

Bram Stoker 'Dracula'

wrote was written

'Dracula' by Bram Stoker

Watch it! • Когато за извършване на д е й с т в и е т о е използван и н стр ум е н т, п р едм ет или материал, използ ваме предлога with. The door was opened with a key.

PRACTICE 1Ш

Active or passive? Choose the correct answer.

Everyone wears/is worn a uniform at our school.

0 I <ms sh^ ed/shouted at by my teacher.

6 Something wrote/was written on the school wall last

1 We were given/gave more homework. 2 The teacher was told/told us to stop talking.

week. ^ Football matches are_,p.la.yg^ ! a y every Wednesday.

3 Our school was built/built in 1956.

^ Sometimes students send/are sent home.

4 This homework didn't do/wasn't done by you. IIQ llEa Make these sentences passive.

^ Last year 137 students from the school went/were. gone to a new school.

0 Someone cleans the classroom every morning.

The classroom is cleaned every rnorning.

1 Someone takes the shopping to the car................................................................................................................................................... 2 Someone empties this post box every day.............................................................................................................................................. 3 Someone fills the drinks machine regularly............................................................................................................................................. 4 Someone turns off the lights at midnight................................................................................................................................................. 5 Someone stole my watch last week............................................................................................................................................................

PRACTICE IB Complete these sentences so that it has the same meaning as the first. 0 They make paper from wood.

Paper is, made from ^

..................

1 1 spell my name with a 'y'-

My n a m e ................................................. with a '/■

2 We sent you tickets last week.

Your tickets........................................................... last week.

3 Ann didn't invite Paul to her party. Paul ........................................................... to Ann's party. 4 They built the swimming pool here.

The swimming p o o l................................................................ here.

I I B Make these sentences passive. Use by to say who did the action or what caused it. 0 My brother sent the e-mail.

The e-mail was sent by, my brother..........................................

The storm damaged the house................................... The doctor examined the patient............................... John Logie Baird invented television........................ Mary Shelley wrote Frankenstein................................ Captain James Cook discovered Australia..............

IB Write the words in the box into the correct place. isn't liked was created is set was first shown is watched is it shown were also written are played Was it given isn't written There's a great TV programme in Britain called Grange Hill. It

IB Complete the text with the words in the box. is known are enjoyed is based on was first shown was played was written were written

007 : the facts

is, set in a school in North

London. It ^....................................... in 1978 and

James Bond ° .......is known

2.......................................by Phil Redmond. Some

over the world. The books and'films

programmes ^.......................................by him but it ^.......................................by him now. All the parts ^....................................... by young actors. Some of the actors have become famous in different programmes but they weren't famous when they were in Grange Hill. It ^.......................................by millions of school

.......................................by millions of people year after year; some people say half the world’s population has seen a James Bond film! The first Bond book, Casino Royale, .......................................over fifty years ago - and the hero is still the most famous secret agent everl

children every week but it ^.......................................

The first Bond film was Dr No. It

by everyone - some old people complain that

......................................... in 1962, and Bond ^ , o

the children are rude - but school children love it

And now some questions. ^.......................................

Connery. Connery was Bond in six more films (his last one was Never Say Never Again in 1983),

any awards? Yes, it's a great drama and has won

Most of the James Bond stories

lots of prizes. What time ^....................................... ?

......................................... by Ian Fleming, but the Bond stories didn’t stop when he died, John Gardner and

because it is about their lives.

At about five o'clock when school children have come home after school. It's a great drama - you should watch it.

all

Raymond Benson have written many more. The book Die Another Day was written by Benson - but it .........................................the film (the film was made first).

PRACTICE ilB

Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box in the present or past passive. ask

examine

hurt

0 Three people

rescue

cause

take

were hurt^ in the accident.

1 About fifty p eo p le.............................from the river every year. 2 The patient.............................by the doctor. 3 .............................the injured w o m a n ............................... to hospital? 4 Relatives.............................usually............................... to wait in the waiting room. 5 The accident.............................by a dog in the road.

Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in the present or past passive. www.coolscience.co.uk File Adress

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H u m a n Bo d y

and

G en es

in d

S cience > H uman B ody

and

SC IEN C E S pace

M ind > B rain

INEO-TECH

H ot T o p ic s

Fo r u m

power

B rain

pow er

The brain has two hemispheres. The right side of the body (control) ^ is controlled ^ by the left hemisphere and the left side of the body (control) ^...................... by the right hemisphere. Each hemisphere (divide) ^...................... into four parts. Each part is responsible for specific functions. This is the normal structure of the brain. However, research shows that the organisation of the brain can be changed, in an experiment a woman (blindfold) ^...................... for several days. This made the visual region of her brain inactive while the regions controlling the other senses (touch, hearing, taste and smell) had to work harder than usual. The woman (ask) ^...................... to use her hands to learn the Braille language. In normal circumstances the messages from her fingers (send) ^...................... to the ‘touch’ region of her brain. Instead the woman started using the ‘visual’ region of her brain to process the information. The brain was sharing the work! iM

ililiiii

itti

PRACTICE m

Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in the present or past passive.

§1

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SCIEN CE H u m a n Body

and

in d

G en e s

S pace

Info -

tech

S cience > Info- tech > E lectricity

E lectricity Millions of electrical goods (use) ^ are used across the world every day, but how many people know that electricity (invent) ^...................... 1500 years ago? In 600BC, static electricity (discover) ^...................... by Thales in Ancient Greece. He found that when silk (rub) ^......................with am ber*, small objects stuck to it. Our word ‘electricity’ (derive) ^...................... from the Greek word ‘electron’, meaning ‘amber’. In 1752, Benjamin Franklin, a famous US politician, proved that electricity (transfer) ^.....................through metal. He flew a kite with a metal tip in a lightning storm. And in 1780, the Italian Luigi Galvani discovered that a dead frog’s legs (animate) ®...................... by touching them with a metal knife. The battery (invent) ^......................by Volta, another Italian, in 1800. During the 19th century, the telegraph, Morse Code, the telephone and the radio (all invent) ®...................... , thanks to experiments with electricity. During the 1930s, coal (still burn) ^...................... in most power stations, but in the 1940s water (also use) ......................to generate electricity. These days, wind and solar power (also develop) ......................, and hopefully, in the future, the scientists will find other ecological ways of creating electricity. * an orange-coloured stone, made from the secretions of trees

H o t T o p ic s

Fo r u m

9А

Negative questions

NEGATIVE QUESTIONS - Въпросителноотрицателни изречения > Образуване • Въпросително-отрицателните изречения се образуват к а т о добавим ч а с ти ц а та not към спо магателния или модалния глагол. Те б и в а т основни (изискващи отго во р с да/не yes/no questions) u специални (w/7-questions); Don't you like your present? Can't you keep still? Why don't you want to come? > Употреба • Основните въпроси (изискващи о тговор с да/не - yes/no questions) използваме: - за да поискаме потвърждение: Isn't that you in this picture? - за ga изразим учудване: Haven't you seen the London Eye? - за ga изразим раздразнение: Haven't they arrived yet? • Специалните въпроси (и/h-questions) използваме: - за ga поискаме информация: Who doesn't want ice cream? - за ga изразим kpumuka: Why didn't you tell me? Watch it! • О бърнете внимание как използваме yes u no, ко гато отговаряме: Haven't you finished? Yes. (= I have finished.) No. (= I haven't finished.)

PRACTICE IID Write negative questions. Then complete the answers. Use yes or no. She lives in your street. No Who is she?

Don't you know her

(you/know/her)

It's late and you are still studying................................................................................................................... (you/finish/yet) ............................. I need some more practice? ...................................................................................................................................(your sister/go to/the Language School) ............................. She loved it. ............................................................................................................................................................ (you/call/me/a minute ago)

............................. I was in class. Write negative questions. Use why.

You aren't listening to me late. Why aren't you Lhtem^ You aren't happy with your test results................................................................................................................................................. 1 can't come with y o u ? .............................................................................................................................................................................. You shouldn't worry so much.................................................................................................................................................................... I don't agree with you................................................................................................................................................................................. She hasn't said a word since she came in.......................................................................................................................................... You haven't washed the dishes yet......................................................................................................................................................... We're not coming to the party tonight.................................................................................................................................................. I won't tell you my secret............................................................................................................................................................................. m

Complete these sentences on your own.

0 I don't like

hamburgery

3 ve never

....

1 I can't .......................................

4 ,'m not

2 I haven't got

5 don't want to

........................

..........

I I B Ask questions about your sentences in exercise 3 using Why. Then answer the questions. 0 Why don't you like hamburgers? 0 Because 1 ................... 1 ..........................................................................

2 ..................

3 .............................................................. 4 ..............................................................

3 ............... 4 ............... 5 ...............

9В

M odality - com m ands and requests

MODALITY: COMMANDS AND REQUESTS Модалност: давам заповед, изразявам у ч ти в а молба > Command - инструкция или заповед да се направи нещо; Be quiet! Pick up your mess! Don't be late! > Request - учти в начин ga помолим някого ga направи нещо. Можем да използваме изразите Сап you...?, Could you...? или Would you...?, но има разлика в случаите, в ко и то използваме всеки един о т тя х : • Сап you...? използваме в неутрални или неофициални случаи: Сап you move your bag, please? . Could you...? използваме к а т о по-учтива форма; Could you move your bag, please? . Would you...? използваме к а т о учтива форма, особено за да изразим учтива заповед: Would you be quiet, please? или ко гато говорим om позицията на а в т о р и т е т : Would you get on with your work, please? Също та к а можем ga използваме . Will you...? в неутрални случаи: Will you look after my cat, please? . Would you mind...? в много официални случаи: Would you mind speaking to Mr Jones, please?

PRACTICE ID Write requests. Use these commands and the words in brackets. 0 Tidy your room, (would)

Wouid you tidy your room

1 Danny, turn down this loud music, (would)

.............................................................................

2 Dad, turn the TV on. (can) ................................................................................................................ 3 Give me this book, please, (c a n )....................................................................................................... 4 Turn off the phone, Mickey. We're in class, (would) .............................................................. 5 Mary, go to the shops for some milk, (will)

..............................................................................

6 Lend me ten pounds until the weekend, Helen, (could) .................................................... 7 Have a look at my computer. It isn't working properly, (could).........................................

10 Complete the requests. Use the verbs in the box and the words in brackets. pass

get

lend

Would you sign

sign

translate

bring

speak

look after

play

wake up

tell

the petition right here, please? (would)

1 W aiter,............................................................................................... me some salt, please? (could) 2 .............................................................................................................. more slowly, please. I can't understand you. (could) 3 I'm going on a vacation but I haven't got a camera.............................................................. me yours, please? (can) 4 The music of that song is fantastic but I don't understand a word.......................................... it for me, please? (will) 5 I have to go out for a while.........................................................................my luggage for a minute, please? (could)

6 ......................................................................that again? 1 want to listen to it once again, (can) 7 ..................................................................... at 7:30. I mustn't be late for school, (can)

8 ......................................................................me the way to the Town Hall, please? (could) I^ 0 Make requests. 0 Ask your brother to give you the TV remote control.

Wilt you give me the TV re^^

please?

1 Ask your friend's mother to call your mother...........................................................................................................................................

2 Ask a waiter to bring you a menu.................................................................................................................................................................. 3 Ask your mum to phone Mrs Wilson to tell her you're ill.................................................................................................................. 4

Ask your friend to find the number of the beautiful girl living next to him.

Ask you friend to keep it secret.

Review of future form s and functions

THE FUTURE: REVIEW OF FUTURE FORMS AND FUNCTIONS - Бъдеще Време: преговор

> Виж Starter Unit В Сравнете изреченията: I'm going to travel to London next month. (Планирал съм го. Възнамерявам ga го направя и съм п очти сигурен, че ще се случи.) Г т leaving for London tomorrow. (Купил съм билет и съм го то в за заминаване. Напълно сигурен съм, че ще се случи.) Г11 travel to London one day. (Предполагам, че ще се случи, но не е сигурно.) I might go to London. (Може ga се случи, но може и да не се случи.)

PRACTICE

IIDVesko's going to another school next year. He's very nen/ous. Write his predictions. 0 (it/be scary) I'LL be scary................................................................................................................................ 1 (nobody/talk to m e )......................................................................................................................................................... 2 (l/not understand the lessons) ................................................................................................................................ 3

(all the teachers/ask me questions) .....................................................................................................................

4 (the other students/not help me) .......................................................................................................................... 5 (l/not like it) ..........................................................................................................................................................................

m It's Vesko's first day at the new school. Complete the conversation with his mum. Use the correct form of will or going to. Mum

How are you feeling, Vesko?

Vesko Not too bad. I (try) ° to everyone. Mum

gotng to tr/

not to be nervous. I (be) ' ....................................... as friendly as I can

Good. I'm sure the other students (talk) ^....................................... to you. It (not be) ^......................................... as bad as you think, you (see) ^.......................................

Vesko What (do) ^....................................... today? Mum

I (clean) ®....................................... the house. And I (not worry) ^......................................... about you!

Read Vesko's school timetable for today. Read and complete the sentences. 9.00 - 9.30

MEET CLASS TUTOR

9.30 - 11.00

Science

11.00 - 11.20 11.20 - 12.10 12.10 - 1.00

lesson

BREAK English

lesson

TOUR OF SCHOOL WITH ANOTHER STUDENT

1.00 - 1.30

LUNCH

1.30 - 3.00

Sports

0 He 's meeting his class tutor at nine o'clock. 1 H e ...................................................................................................................................Science and English in the morning. 2 He and another student...................................................................................................................................at 12.10. 3 H e ............................................................................................................................................................at one o'clock. 4 The students...................................................................................................................................in the afternoon.

PRACTICE liQ Complete this dialogue from a romantic novel with the correct from of the verbs in the future Scarlet When (you/leave) ^ are you Leaving 1 Rhett

(l/leave) ' ...................................................... tomorrow morning at 7:00 am.

Scarlet When (you/come back) ^................................................................ ? Rhett

In six months, a year - I don't know?

Scarlet What (you/do) ^................................................................ when you go away? Rhett

(l/travel) ^........................................................... around, see new places.

Scarlet (you/forget) ^...................................................... me? Rhett

Never! (l/come back) ^........................................................... to marry you.

Scarlet Oh Rhett. I'm so sad. I think (1/cry) ^...................................................... ! Ш

Complete the conversation with will, might or be going to. Vasi

° (you/meet) Are you going to meet Danny on Saturday 1

Moni

Yes, I am.

Vasi

What (you/do)

Moni

don't really know, (we/go) to the cinema or bowling. I hope we don't go bowling.

Vasi

Why?

Moni

Because I don't know how to bowl.

Vasi

Oh, don't worry! It's easy, (l/teach) ^...................................................... you! What (you/wear) 4 ...................................................................... 7

Moni

I'm not sure. (1/wear) ^...................................................... my pink T-shirt with jeans or (l/wear)

6...................................................... my new skirt and a blue top. Vasi

(l/help) ^...................................................... you to choose if you like.

Moni

Oh, great.

Vasi

What time (you/meet) ®..........................................................

Moni

I'm not sure. (Danny/text) ^..................................................... me today.

Vasi

OK. Let me know what time (you/meet) ...................................................... and (l/come)

1 ^...................................................... over a couple of hours earlier.

HD Read about Pamela. Complete the text with

IIS Read about Anna. Complete the text and

the correct form of the verbs.

the inten/iew. Use the correct tense.

1 (finish)

finished

drama school two years

ago. I want to work in musicals so I (take) ................................ lessons in singing. I (try) ......................to get a job but it's difficult. 1 (do) ......................lots of auditions. Last week I (do) ^.............................an audition for a musical called Echoes. There (be) ^.............................hundreds of people at it. The director (say) ®............................. that he liked my audition but 1 (not hear) .............................from him yet. At the moment 1 (work) ^.............................as a waitress but I hope my luck (change) ®.............................soon.

IIS Complete the text with the correct word. These days, reality TV shows °

becoming

more and more popular, but ' ............................. most popular TV programme in Britain today 2 .........................a soap opera. It's East Enders, and about 16 million people ^.............................every week. The action ^.............................place in Albert Square in London. Albert Square ^............................. really exist - it's an imaginary place. East Enders has ®.............................on TV for over 20 years. (It started ^............................. 1985.) There ^.............................been lots of exciting stories over the years. One character. Den, 'died' in 1989 and ^.............................back to the show in 2003! His girlfriend killed

Anna Harley °(have) fiqs a very unusual job - she ’ ( b e ) ........................ a gymnast who ^(work) ........................at circus shows all over the world. Anna is 25 and she ^(come) ...................from London. She "^(start) ........................gymnastics and dance lessons when she ^ ( b e ) ...................four years old. After she ^ (le a v e )........................school she (join) ..............a circus and ®(train) ................ and ^ (w o rk )...................with them for a year. Then six years ago she (return)..............to London and ''' (jo in )..............the Springboard Company. They find her jobs all over the world. It's very hard work and of course it can be dangerous - but Anna (lo v e )...................her life and (not want) .............................to change it. 'I (learn) ..................................new skills all the time, so it's never boring,' she says.' And I can earn good money, too. I used to spend it all on having fun, but last year 1 (d e cid e ).............................to start saving. I (already/save)............................. quite a lot. It ( b e ) ........................useful when I'm too old to do this job any more'

.............................again two years

later. ' ' .............................he came back again in the

future?

Interviewer When ° did you start doing gymnastics, Anna ?

Anything can happen in the world of soap operas!

Anna

When 1was four years old.

0 (^ a re

b) have

c) were

1 a) a

b) one

c) the

Interviewer What did you do when you left school?

2 a) are

b) be

c) is

Anna

3 a) look

b) watch

c) watching

Interviewer

How long 2................................................. ?

4 a) is

b) takes

c) has

Anna

A year.

5 a) doesn't

b) hasn't

c) isn't

Interviewer And when ^................................................. ?

b) been

c) watched

Anna

b) in

c) on

b) have

c) was

b) coming

c) came

Interviewer What are your plans for the future?

10 a) him

b) her

c) it

Anna

11 a) Is

b) Has

c) Will

a) be

7 a) at 8

a) has

9 a) come

When 1came back to London. That was six years ago. I've worked all over the world. Well, И ........................................................... money for a year, but 1 don't know what I'll do with it yet.

I I Q Circle the correct option. 1 I'm saving money ... to China. a) to go

b) going

c) will go

2 If you want to switch the computer o f f ... the red button. a) pushing

b) to push

c) push

b) where

c) who

3 This is the bedroom ... I sleep. a) which

4 My grandfather ... start work when he was twelve years old. a) must

b) did have to

c) had to

5 Richard, ..., is going to work in Paris next year. a) who has just returned from New York

b) has just returned

c) is returning from New York

from New York

IIS

Martin has gone to Tokyo. You spoke to him on the phone and this is what he said. Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1 (be) ° , Ve been., in Tokyo for four months and 1 (really/enjoy) ' .............................myself At first I (find) 2 .........................the Japanese way of life very difficult. Things (be) ^............................... very different here. I (have) ^.............................serious problems with the language at the beginning. I really like the family I (stay) 5.............................with but I miss my friends and my family. My parents (come) ®............................... to visit me in the summer and I (look forward) ^.............................to that. I think I (be) ®............................... home for Christmas. Ls] Write the questions that you asked Martin.

0 (how long/you/be in Tokyo) 1 (you/like Tokyo)

How long have you been in

................................................................................................................................

2 (you/have problems/at the beginning) .................................................................................. 3 (what/you/miss) ................................................................................................................................ 4 (you/already/make friend s)........................................................................................................... 5 (you/be home/for Christm as)...................................................................................................... !t B Choose the best word (A, B or C) for each gap. In ° A

20’^ century, most schools ' .........their students (boys and girls) ^...........a white shirt with a tie, a

jacket and a hat in the school colours. All the girls ^.........to wear medium-length skirts with socks. ^...........days, uniforms tend to be more informal. A typical uniform consists ^.........a sweatshirt with the school's name on it and dark trousers. Girls ®........ have to wear skirts any more, but they can't wear high- ........... shoes or jewellery. Schoolchildren usually hate their uniforms, but most parents and teachers like them because they make the students look ^........., and they stop parents ^......... with their children about

...........choice of clothes.

A the

last

C a

A forced

made

obliged

A carry

B dress

wear

A have

had

must

A Our

B These

This

A from

B of

A don't

B still

mustn't

A heel

heels

A equal

B together

same

A argue

B arguing

argued

A there

B their

they

heeled

\ Ń&#x2C6; Match the sentences that have the same meaning. There are three sentences that you cannot match. 1 He injured someone during the match. 2 My exam marks weren't as good as yours. 3 Who bought your bike? 4 Who sold your bike? 5 Your exam marks were better than mine.

6 Who did you sell your bike to? 7 Someone injured him during the match.

8 He was injured during the match. 9 Your exam marks weren't as good as mine. m Look at these sentences about a museum. Complete the second sentence with words from the box so that it means the same as the first. You can insert one, two or three words each time. allow

as( 2 )

can

interesting

put

teach

there

1 The museum has got lots of different collections. At the m useu m ...................................................... are lots of different collections. 2 The dinosaurs are more interesting than the other things. The other things a ren 't...................................................... the dinosaurs. 3 You mustn't touch anything in the museum. You a ren 't...................................................... touch anything in the museum. 4 Someone put in a new security system for them last year. Their security system ...................................................... last year. 5 You can learn a lot in a museum. A museum ..............................................

a lot

you

was

\т

Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs. Use active or passive.

How Rosa Parks changed history It (be) °

December 1955. Forty-two-year-old

Rosa Parks (leave) ' ........................... work and (catch) 2...........................the bus to home. She (be) ^........................ tired. She (sit) ^........................... down on an empty seat. At each stop, more people (get) ^........................... on the bus and soon all the seats (be) ®........................... full. A man (tell) ^........................... Rosa to get up because he (want) ®........................... her seat, but Rosa refused. She (not be) 9........................... aggressive and she (not argue)

..............................The driver (stop)

' ’ ........................... the bus and told Rosa to move, but again she (say) then (call)

........................... ^’No’. The driver

........................... the police. Rosa (arrest)

........................... and put in prison. W hat (she/do) ........................... wrong? Rosa Parks (live)

........................... in Montgomery,

Alabama, USA. Like many cities in the USA in 1955, Montgomery (have)

........................... had a law of

segregation. Black people (not allow)

...........................

to use certain restaurants, toilets, hotels or houses. On buses, black people (have)

........................... to give up

their seats to white people. Rosa Parks was black. The

Martin Luther King (become) 3 i........................... the leader of the American Civil Rights Movement, a non-violent organisation w hich (fight) 32........................... for civil rights and equality for black Americans. For twelve years, Martin Luther King (campaign) зз........................... against the

man was white. The next weekend, the black community in Alabama (organise)

I Have a Dream

........................... a boycott of Montgomery

buses - they (refuse)

........................... to use them.

segregation laws. He (give) 3^........................... his most famous speech, ‘I Have a Dream ’ to 250,000 Americans

They (walk) ^2........................... to w ork or (share)

in Washington on the 2 8 * August 1963. Here is a

23........................... lifts in cars. The leader of the boycott

part of the speech.

was a young man called Dr Martin Luther King. T have a dream that my four children (live) The poiice (try)

........................... to stop the boycott.

They (arrest) ^5........................... many black people waiting for lifts. Then on 3 0 * January, Dr King’s home (bomb)

..............................His wife and baby

35........................... one day in a nation where they (not judge) 36........................... by the colour of their skin but by the content of their character.’

(escape) ^2..............................W hen Dr King (arrive)

Five years later, Martin Luther King was dead. He

28........................... home, he (find) ^9............................. an

(shoot) 32........................... on the 4 * April 1968 by a

angry crowd outside his house. He was a peaceful man

criminal called James Earl Ray.

and he (not turn) зо........................... to violence. He told the people to go home. He said, ‘We must learn to meet hate with love.’ On the 2D^ December 1956, Martin Luther King and a white friend, Glen Smiley, shared the front seat of a bus. The boycott was a success due to the action of one brave woman.

The Civil Rights Movement (continue) 38........................... to organise demonstrations. They (have) 39........................... some success. They (protect)

........................... black people from

discrimination and in 1969 schools (desegregate) 41

G ram m ar tables - Грам атически таб л и ц и PRONOUNS - М естоим ения Personal pronouns

1 you he she it we you they

Possessive adjectives

Possessive pronouns

Object pronouns

Reflexive pronouns

m in e

m y s e lf

your

y o u rs

you

y o u r s e lf

h is

h im

h im s e lf

her

h e rs

her

h e r s e lf

its

itse lf

our

o u rs

o u r s e lv e s

your

y o u rs

you

y o u r s e lv e s

th e ir

t h e ir s

th e m

t h e m s e lv e s

VERB to be: PRESENT TENSE - Глагол съм: СЕГАШНО ВРЕМЕ 1 You He She It We You They

Positive am ('m) are ('re)

Negative am ('m) not aren't

Question Am 1? Are y o u ?

is ('s)

isn't

Yes, y o u are. Yes, 1 am.

he?

Yes,

sh e?

No,

you

Yes,

you?

you

No,

are.

th ey?

isn't.

sh e

w e?

Are

aren't

is.

sh e

it?

are ('re)

Short answers No, y o u aren't. No, I'm not.

aren't.

th ey

VERB to be: PAST TENSE - Глагол сьм: МИНАЛО ВРЕМЕ 1 You He She It We You They

Positive was were

Question

Negative wasn't weren't

Was Were

wasn't

Was

1? you?

Yes, Yes,

you

Yes,

sh e

sh e? it?

weren't

Were

No,

wasn't.

you

were.

th ey?

sh e it

you

Yes,

you?

weren't. wasn't.

was.

w e?

were

Short answers No, y o u No, 1

he?

was

were. was.

No,

th ey

weren't.

th ey

Q VERB have got: PRESENT TENSE - Глагол имам: СЕГАШНО ВРЕМЕ Positive 1 You He She It We You They

Question 1 got? you got?

Negative

have ('ve) got

haven't got

Have Have

has ('s) got

hasn't got

Has

Yes, Yes,

you

1 he

got?

sh e

Yes,

Have

haven't got

got?

you

Yes,

th ey

haven't. haven't.

sh e

No,

has.

it. you

have ('ve) got

Short answers have. No, y o u have. No, 1

hasn't.

it you

have.

sh e

No,

th ey

haven't.

th ey

MODAL VERB can/could: ABILITY - Глагол мога - СЕГАШНО/МИНАЛО ВРЕМЕ Positive I You He She It We You They

can

Question

Negative

can't d an ce.

d an ce.

could

couldn't

Can Could

Short answers

you

sh e dan ce?

Yes,

sh e

can. could.

No,

sh e

you

th ey

can't. couldn't.

you

MODAL VERB should: ADVICE - ДаВам съ в е т, изразявам мнение Positive

Question

Negative

Short answers

you

You

you

She

should

d o cto r.

see a

shouldn't s e e d o cto r.

Should

sh e

see a

d o cto r?

Yes,

sh e it

you

should.

No,

sh e it

you

You

you

They

th e y

th ey

shouldn't.

G ram m ar tables - Грам атически таб л и ц и В PRESENT

SIMPLE TENSE - Сегашно пр о сто време Positive 1 Negative Question

T 1 You He She It We You They

work. work.

don't work. don't work.

Do Do

works.

doesn't work.

Does

work.

don't work.

1 you he she it we you they

Short answers

work? work?

Yes, you Yes, 1

work?

Yes, she

he does.

it you Yes, we do. they

work?

you 1 he No, she it you No, we they No, No,

do. do.

don't. don't. doesn't.

don't.

Ш PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE - Сегашно продължително време

Positive 1 You He She It We You They

Negative 'm not working. aren't working.

's working.

isn't working.

're working.

Short answers

Question

'm working. 're working.

aren't working.

1 you he she it we you they

Am Are Is

Are

working? working?

Yes, you Yes, 1

working?

Yes, she

worked.

You He She It We You They

've

slept.

haven't

worked. 's

slept.

Have

slept.

Has

slept.

worked?

we worked? you they slept?

worked. haven't

Has

is.

No, she

aren't. am not.

it you Yes, we are. they

working?

you slept? he worked? she slept? it

worked. hasn't

worked. 've

worked.

No, you No, 1

g] PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE - Сегашно п е р ф е ктн о време ТГuestion Positive Negative 1

are. am.

isn't.

it you No, we aren't. they

Short answers you Yes,

Yes,

1 he she it you we they

have.

No,

has.

No,

have

No,

you

haven't.

he she it you we they

hasn't

haven't

PAST SIMPLE TENSE - Минало пр о сто време (правилни u неправилни глаголи) Short answers Negative Question Г Positive 1 1 you he she it we you they

1 You He She It We You They

worked. slept.

didn't

work? sleep?

Did

you 1 he Yes, she it you we they

work? sleep?

did

No,

you 1 he she it you we they

didn't.

Ш PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE - Минало продължително време

uestion

Positive You He She It We You They

IE USED

was working, were working.

wasn't working weren't working.

Was I working? Were you working?

was working,

wasn't working

Was

were working.

he she working? it we Were you working? they

Yes,

you were. was.

No, No,

he she was.

No,

he she

weren't wasn't. wasn't

Yes,

you

you we were. they

No,

you we weren't. they

TO - Минало време c used to Positive

You He She It We You They

weren't working.

Short answers Yes, Yes,

used to work,

Negative

didn't use to work.

Question

Did

1 you he she use to work? it we you they

Short answers

Г you 1 he Yes, she it you we they

did

No,

you 1 he she it you we they

didn't.

G ram m ar tables - Грам атически таб л и ц и Ш FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE {will future) - Бъдеще п р о сто време

Positive I You He She It We You They

will ('ll)

w o rk .

won't

Short answers

Question

Neeative 1

you

sh e w o rk .

Yes,

w o rk ?

will.

sh e

No,

sh e

you

th ey

FUTURE with going to - Бъдеще време c going to Positive

Question

Negative

'm going to

w o rk .

'm not going to

You

're going to

w o rk .

aren't going to

He She It

's going to

We You They

're going to

w o rk . w o rk .

going to

w o rk ?

Yes,

you

are.

No,

you

Are

you

going to

w o rk ?

Yes,

am.

No,

sh e

going to

w o rk ?

Yes,

sh e

is.

No,

sh e

he w o rk .

isn't going to

w o rk .

aren't going to

w o rk .

Are

going to

you

Yes,

isn't.

you

are.

No,

aren't.

th ey

PASSIVE - С тр а д а те л е н залог: сегашно време

'm taken to

'm not taken to

Am 1taken to

h o sp ita l.

h o s p ita l.

h o s p it a l?

're taken to

aren't taken to

Are

h o sp ita l.

h o s p it a l?

He She It

's taken to

We You They

're taken to

Short answers

Question

Positive

You

w o rk ?

am not.

you

we w o rk .

aren't.

IE PRESENT 1 1

Short answers

taken to

you

are.

No,

Yes,

1 !

am.

No,

1 am not.

Yes,

sh e

isn't taken to

h o sp ita l.

is.

No,

sh e

taken to

sh e

h o s p it a l?

h o s p ita l.

Are

taken to

you

h o s p it a l?

Yes,

you

are.

No,

aren't.

th ey

isn't.

you

aren't taken to

h o sp ita l.

you

he h o sp ita l.

aren't

Yes,

th ey

PAST PASSIVE - С тр а д а те л е н залог: минало време Positive

You

She

They

Short answers

Negative

was taken to

wasn't taken to

h o sp ita l.

were taken to

weren't taken to

Were

h o sp ita l.

h o s p it a l?

was taken to

wasn't taken to

. ,

h o sp it3 i.

h o sp ita l.

were taken to

weren't taken to

h o sp ita l.

Was I taken to

h o s p it a l?

taken to

you

Yes,

sh e

taken to

h o s p it a l?

Yes,

No,

you

was.

No,

you th ey

sh e

was.

No,

sh e

taken to

h o s p it a l?

Yes,

were.

No,

th ey

weren't.

wasn't.

you

Were

were.

Was

you

th ey

weren't.

G ram m ar tables - Грам атически таб л и ц и Q

IMPERATIVES - Повелително наклонение Positive

W ork!

D o n 't w o rk !

L e t's w o rk !

L e t's n o t w o rk !

NOUN determiners: quantity - Количествено определяне на съи^ествителни имена а lot of / lots of

a few

a little

C o u n t a b le

a lot o f/ lo t s o f g irls

s o m e girls

a n y girls

m a n y girls

m u c h girls

a f e w girls

a little g irls

U n c o u n t a b le

a lot o f/ lo t s o f w a t e r

s o m e w a te r

a n y w a te r

m a n y w ate r

m u c h w a te r

a fe w w a te r

a little w a te r

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES - С теп ен уван е на прилагателни имена Superlative

Comparative Regular

tali

ta lle r

( t h e ) t a lle s t

adjectives

n ic e

n ic e r

( t h e ) n ic e s t

big

b ig g e r

( t h e ) b ig g e s t

p re tty

p re ttie r

( t h e ) p re ttie st

in te llig e n t

m o r e in te llig e n t

( t h e ) m o s t in te llig e n t

b e a u tifu l

m o r e b e a u tifu l

( t h e ) m o s t b e a u tifu l

b o rin g

m o r e b o rin g

( t h e ) m o s t b o rin g

good

b e tte r

(th e ) b est

bad

w o rse

(th e ) w o rst

little

le s s

( t h e ) le a s t

Irregular adjectives

^ MODAL VERBS have to/must/be allowed to: obligation, necessity, prohibition, permission Модални глаголи: изразяване на задължение, необходимост, забрана, разрешение Present П о л о ж и тел н а

l/ y o u / h e / s h e / it / w e / y o u / t h e y

must

1 / y o u / h e / s h e / it / w e / y o u / t h e y

have/has to

l/ y o u / h e / s h e / it / w e / y o u / t h e y

am/are/is

allowed to О тр и ц ател н а

go.

l/ y o u / h e / s h e / it / w e / y o u / t h e y

mustn't

l/ y o u / h e / s h e / it / w e / y o u / t h e y

don't/doesn't have to

l/ y o u / h e / s h e / it / w e / y o u / t h e y

am/are/is

Must

go.

must

l/ y o u / h e / s h e / it / w e / y o u / t h e y

had to

l/ y o u / h e / s h e / it / w e / y o u / t h e y

was/were

l/ y o u / h e / s h e / it / w e / y o u / t h e y

go.

go?

go.

l/ y o u / h c / s h e / it / w e / y o u / t h e y

mustn't g o : didn't have to

l/ y o u / h e / s h e / it / w e / y o u / t h e y

wasn't/weren't

Must have to

go.

l/ y o u / h e / s h e / it / w e / y o u / t h e y

allowed to

go.

l/ y o u / h e / s h e / it / w e / y o u / t h e y g o ?

Do/Does

l / y o u / h c / s h c / it / w c / y o u / t h e y

allowed to

go.

not allowed to В ъ п р о си телн а

go.

Did

go.

l/ y o u / h e / s h e / it / w c / y o u / t h c y g o ?

l/ y o u / h e / s h e / it / w e / y o u / t h e y

have to

Am/Are/ls

l/ y o u / h e / s h e / it / w e / y o u / t h e y

Was/Were

l/ y o u / h e / s h e / it / w e / y o u / t h e y

allowed to

go?

allowed to

go?

Spelling rules - Правописни правила

PLURAL NOUNS - М нож ествено число на съи^ествителни имена Примери

Съшествително име

Правило

п о в е ч е т о с ъ щ е с т в и т е л н и им ена

прибавям е

з а в ъ р ш в а щ и н а с ъ гл а с н а + у

п р о м е н я м е у на /

ro o m

b a b ie s

sto ry day

-> —>

ro o m s s t o rie s

-s

boy

boys

-ch, -sh, -ss, -s, -x

прибавям е

-es

box

boxes

c la s s

прибавям е

-es

p o ta to

p o t a to e s

to m a to

to m a to e s

v id e o

v id e o s

p h o to

p h o to s

s h e lv e s

k n ife

k n iv e s

+о

з а в ъ р ш в а щ и н а с ъ гл а с н а

-f или -fe

и зклю чен и я

f н а V + -es

пром еням е

s h e lf

days

—>

c la s s e s

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES - С теп ен уван е на прилагателни имена Едносрични прилагателни имена

| Правило

Пример -er или -est

прибавям е

п о б е ч е т о п р и л а га те л н и им ена

books

baby

прибавям е

з а в ъ р ш в а щ и н а с ъ гл а с н а

-es

book

+у

з а в ъ р ш в а щ и н а гл а с н а завъ р ш ващ и на

-s

-e + -er или -est

за в ъ р ш в а щ и на

-е

om naga

за в ъ р ш в а щ и на

-у

пром еням е

y на

з а в ъ р ш в а щ и на

удвоявам е к р а й н а та

е д н а гл а с н а + с ъ гл а с н а

с ъ гл а с н а

o ld e r

o ld e s t

sh o r t

s h o r te r

sh o rte st

n ic e

n ic e r

n ic e s t

sa fe

sa fe r

sa fe st

e a s ie r

e a s ie s t

h a p p ie r

h a p p ie s t

big

b ig g e r

b ig g e st

hot

h o tte r

h o tte st

easy

-er или -est

/ +

old

happy

-er или -est

—>

VERBS - PRESENT SIMPLE (he, she, it) - Глаголи 6 сегашно пр о сто време - Зл.ед.ч. ■- r

Г Примери

Глагол

Правило

п о в е ч е т о гл а го л и

прибавям е

з а в ъ р ш в а щ и н а с ъ гл а с н а + у

п ро м еням е у на /

з а в ъ р ш в а щ и н а гл а с н а + у

прибавям е

-s

за в ъ р ш в а щ и на

-ch, -sh, -ss, -s, -x

прибавям е

-es

за в ъ р ш в а щ и на

-o

прибавям е

-es

re a d

re a d s

s le e p

s le e p s

fly

f lie s

stu d y

s t u d ie s

buy

buys

p la y

p la y s

w a tc h e s

fin is h

f in is h e s

m is s e s

fix

fix e s

goes

does

w a tc h m is s

Е]VERBS + -ing - Сегашно причастие на глагола• Правило

1 Глагол

прибавям е

п о в е ч е т о гл а го л и за в ъ р ш в а щ и на за в ъ р ш в а щ и на за в ъ р ш в а щ и на

Примери

-е -ее -/е

отпад а

з а в ъ р ш в а щ и н а е д н а гл а с н а з а в ъ р ш в а щ и н а д в е гл а с н и

+ с ъ гл а с н а + с ъ гл а с н а

-е

-ing -ing

прибавям е

-ing

пром еням е

/е н а

+ -ing

удвоявам е к р а й н а та с ъ гл а с н а

+ -ing

прибавям е

-ing

• к р а й н а т а съ гласна не с е уд воява, а к о к р а й н а т а ср и ч ка е н е у д а р е н а : • к р а й н о -W не с е уд вояв а:

begin

s le e p

s le e p in g

w o rk

live

living

dan ce

see

^ ^

s e e in g

a g re e

lie

lying

d ie

s to p

S to p p in g

s w im

sw im n n in g

rain

ra in in g

re a d

r e a d in g

beginning, h o open -

w o rk in g

d a n c in g a g r e e in g

d y in g

opening

snow ^ snowing

S VERBS + -ed - Минало време на глагола Примери

Глагол

Правило

п о в е ч е т о гл а го л и

прибавям е

-ed

ask

ask ed

h e lp

прибавям е

-d

arriv e

a rriv e d

a g re e

stu d y

s t u d ie d

try

p la y

p la y e d

e n jo y

за в ъ р ш в а щ и на

-е или -ее

з а в ъ р ш в а щ и н а с ъ гл а с н а + у

п ро м еням е у на /

з а в ъ р ш в а щ и н а гл а с н а + у

прибавям е

-ed

удвоявам е к р а й н а та з а в ъ р ш в а щ и н а е д н а гл а с н а + с ъ гл а с н а з а в ъ р ш в а щ и н а д в е гл а с н и + с ъ гл а с н а

с ъ гл а с н а

прибавям е

-ed -ed

к р а й н а т а съ гласна н е с е уд воява, ако к р а й н а т а ср и ч ка е н е у д а р е н а : крайно

-w не

се уд вояв а:

snow ^ snowed

-ed

-з

h e lp e d a g re ed trie d

e n jo y e d

s to p

sto p p e d

p la n

p la n n e d

rain

ra in e d

re p e a t

re p e a t e d

prefer —>preferred,

но

answer -> answered

Spelling rules - Правописни правила

Ш VERBS: SHORT FORMS - К р а тк и форми на глагола в говоримия език {а понякога и 6 писмения) използваме кратки форми на глагола ('s, haven't, didn't u gp.) He's late. They haven't got a car. We didn't go to the party.

Отрицателна форма

Положителна форма 'т

'S ( =

isn 't ( =

а т)

d id n 't ( =

is n o t)

a r e n 't ( =

is)

're ( =

a re )

w a s n 't ( =

'v e ( =

have)

w e r e n 't ( =

c a n 't ( =

w a s n o t)

's ( =

h as)

h a v e n 't ( =

'11 ( =

w ill)

h a s n 't ( =

'd ( =

w o u ld )

d o n 't ( =

ca n n o t)

c o u ld n 't ( =

w e r e n o t)

c o u ld n o t)

m u s t n 't ( = m u s t n o t)

h a v e n o t)

s h o u ld n 't ( =

h a s n o t)

m ig h tn 't ( =

d o n o t)

d o e s n 't ( =

d id n o t)

w o n 't ( = w ill n o t)

a r e n o t)

s h o u ld n o t) m ig h t n o t)

d o e s n o t)

К р а тк и положителни форми 's ( = is или has) се използва след местоимения, въпросителни думи или същ ествителни нарицателни и собствени

•

имена:

She's at school. • •

What's that?

Our flat's got two bedrooms.

Storm's got a boat.

're ( = are) u 've ( = have) ce използват след местоимения: We're students. They've got a red car. Ho не ги използваме след същ ествителни нарицателни или собствени имена и въпросителни думи. Those boys are students at my school. Mr and Mrs Smith have got a red car.

Storm and Jess are very good dancers. •

'II u 'd често използваме след местоимения: I'll be there at six.

•

Kpamku положителни форми не използваме 6 края на изречението: А: Are you ready? В: Yes, we are. (Yes, we're.)

I'd like to buy this book.

Kpamku о тр и ц а те л н и форми •

Използваме ги след местоимения и същ ествителни нарицателни и собствени имена: Му cousins don't live here. Jason didn't come to the party.

She isn't at home. •

is not u are not м о гат ga образуват две kpamku форми ( isn't/'s not; aren't/'re not) He isn't coming. / He's not coming.

• •

We aren't leaving. / We're not leaving.

Ho можем ga кажем само I'm not ( ho не I amn't). Kpamku отрицателни форми можем ga използваме в края на изречението:

А; Are you ready?

В: No, we aren't.

B Capital letters, punctuation - Главни букви, препинателни знаци •

Главни букви използваме в следните случаи: в началото на изречението (Му birthday is on the 1^* of March.) - собствени имена (Storm, Mickey), д н и те om седмицата (Monday, Tuesday, u т .н .) u месеците

(January, February, u т .н .) - 1 (аз) винаги се пише с главна буква. - наименования на м еста (London Eye, Rochester Square, Ravenscourt School)• •

Препинателни знаци: - апостроф (') - npu образуване на к р а тк и те форми (Т т, you're и т .н .) и притежателна форма

(Storm's, my friend's u т .н .) - запетая (,) поставяме, за да разделим дълги изречения или при изброяване (The courses include music, drama, dance, . . .) - точка (.), въпросителен знак (?) или удивителен знак (!) поставяме в края на изречението според вида му.

Verbs - Глаголи

IRREGULAR VERBS 1 Infinitive be beat become begin bite blow break bring broadcast build burn buy catch choose come cost cut do draw dream drink drive eat fall feel fight find fly forget forgive freeze get give

go grow have hear hit hold keep

Infinitive was/were beat became began bit blew broke brought broadcast built burned/burnt bought caught chose came cost cut did drew dreamed/dreamt drank drove ate fell felt fought found flew forgot forgave froze got gave went grew had heard hit held kept

been beaten become begun bitten blown broken brought broadcast built burned/burnt bought caught chosen come cost cut done drawn dreamed/dreamt drunk driven eaten fallen felt fought found flown forgotten forgiven frozen got given gone grown had heard hit held kept

know lead learn leave let lose make meet pay put read ride ring run say see sell send shine show sing sit sleep speak spend spread stand steal stick swim take teach tell think throw understand wake wear win write

knew led learned/learnt left let lost made met paid put read rode rang ran said saw sold sent shone showed sang sat slept spoke spent spread stood stole stuck swam took taught told thought threw understood woke wore won wrote

S STATE VERBS be believe hate have

hear know like love

B VERBS

follow ed by -ing form

begin continue enjoy

finish hate imagine

El VERBS agree ask decide

mean need prefer remember

see smell taste think

understand want wish

like love mind

miss start prefer

stop suggest

plan promise refuse

try want

follow ed by to + infinitive expect forget hope

learn need offer

known led learned/learnt left let lost made met paid put read ridden rung run said seen sold sent shone shown sung sat slept spoken spent spread stood stolen stuck swum taken taught told thought thrown understood woken worn won written

4 D ADJECTIVES

W ord form ation - Словообразуване ENDING in -ed or -ing - Прилагателни завършващи на -ed или -ing -ed adjective

The students are

-ing adjective

bored.

Science is

boring.

Прилагателни, заВърсибащи на -ed използваме, за ga описием как се чувстваме.

•

Г т tired.

We aren't surprised.

Are you excited?

Прилагателни, завършващи на

-ing използваме,

This is an amazing story.

That horror film is very frightening.

•

за ga опишем човек или нещо, което ни кара да се чувстваме така.

S NOUNS INTO ADJECTIVES - Образуване на прилагателни om съ щ естви тел н и •

Можем ga образуваме някои прилагателни к ато прибавим

Съществително име

-у към същ ествително

име.

Примери

Правило rain

повечето същ ествителни имена

прибавяме -y

завършващи на -е

omnaga

завърщващи на една гласна + съгласна

удвояваме крайната съгласна + -у

-e -I- -y

noise

rainy —> noisy

sunny

sun

cloud

cloudy

smoke

smoky

fog

^ foggy

S ADJECTIVES INTO ADVERBS - Образуване на наречия о т прилагателни • За да образуваме наречие, често прибавяме

-1у към

Примери

Правило

Прилагателно име

-1у променяме у на i -I- -1у

повечето прилагателни имена завършващи на

прилагателно име.

прибавяме

-у

slow

slowly

quick

—>

quickly

angry

angrily

easy

— >

easily

Q SUFFIXES - Н аставки •

Н аставката е буква или няколко букви, които добавяме 6 края на думата, за да образуваме нова дума. Например, можем да образуваме прилагателни к а то добавим наставка към същ ествително или глагол.

Nouns into adjectives health

-у

dirt ^ dirty

fog ^ foggy

-ful

success ^ successful

use ^ useful

-> healthy

beauty

beautiful

noise ^

noisy

help

helpful

fun ^ funny

Verbs into adjectives -able

comfort ^ comfortable

enjoy

-ed

surprise -> surprised

frighten —>frightened

The weather was sunny. Be careful!

enjoyable

value

excite

—> excited

valuable

He always wears fashionable clothes. Why are you so worried about this exam?

PREFIXES - П редставки П редставката е буква или няколко букви, кои то добавяме в началото на думата, за да образуваме нова дума. Например, можем да преобразуваме някои прилагателни в отрицателни к ато добавим представки те un- in- или im-.

Neg^ive prefixes un

happy

unhappy

exciting

comfortable

uncomfortable

tolerant

intolerant

sincere

insincere

dependent

independent

patient

impatient

perfect

imperfect

possible

impossible

regular

irregular

legal

illegal

You can't depend on him, he's so unreliable. He's always rude and impolite.

-> unexciting

She hurts my feelings, she's so insensitive.

Ш COLLOCATIONS - Словосъчетания •

Колокация (употреба на дума с друга дума) имаме, когато обикновено използваме една дума заедно с друга дума.

air pollution

ozone layer

nuclear waste

acid rain

global warming

natural resources

Nuclear waste is the most dangerous.

Air pollution causes acid rain and affects the ozone layer.

© CmuQ6 Елсуърт, Джим Роуз, 2008 © ТреВьр Дантън - художник на графичния дизайн, 2008 © Требър Дантън - художник на илю страциите, 2008 © Гарет Боудън - фотограф, 2008 © Pearson Education Limited 2008, Всички права запазени ISBN 978-1-4082-1022-2

E n e r g y f o r B u l g a r ia А н гл и й ск и е з и к - Г р а м а т и ч е с к а т е т р а д к а за 7 кл ас

ABmopu - CmuQB Елсуърт, Джим Роуз Редактор и превод на български - Елена СтареВа Художник на дизайна - ТреВър Дантън Художник на илю страциите - Требър Дантън ф отограф - Гарет Боудън Коректор - Емилия Николаева Предпечатна подготовка - Светлана Коева Английска. Издание I за България, 2008. ф о р м ат 60x90/8. Печатни коли 8. Печатница „Техноинженеринг ABC", Варна

P e a r s o n E d u c a tio n L im ite d

Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated Companies throughout the World

" С .А .Н .-П Р О " О О Д , Варна

Изключителен представител на П и ъ р с ъ н е д ю к е й ш ъ н - Л О Н Г М А Н за България Централен офис - Варна ул. "Янкул Войвода" 30 тел . 052/600 516 факс 052/655 504 longman-bulgaria@mbox.contact.bg www.longman-bulgaria.com

energy

for Bulgaria

__________________________^ energy fo r Bulgaria учеб ен к ом п лект no английски език за уч ен и ц и те о т прогимназиалния е т а п на о сн о в н а та образователна с те п е н в българското училисце.

energy for Bulgaria for the 7"' grade e разработен в За допълнително четене на то в а ниво препоръчваме Penguin Readers - Level 3

с ъ о т в е т с т в и е c изискванията на н о в а т а учебна програма на МОН по английски език за 7 клас. Надгражда усв о ен и те знания U умения, придобити о т уч ен и ц и те в 5 и 6 клас и създава необходим ите навици и с т р а т е г и и за учене. следва принципите на О б щ а та европейска езикова рамка на С ъ в е т а на Европа (CEF). П р ед л ага и н т е г р и р а н о р а з в и т и е на ч е т и р и т е о сн о в н и р еч ев и ум ения (ч е т е н е , слуш ане, п и сан е, го в о р е н е) и с и с т е м а т и ч н о р а з в и т и е на з н а н и я т а на у ч е н и ц и т е п о г р а м а т и к а и лекси ка. О

У ч е б н и я т к о м п л е к т е с ясна и уд о б н о р азп р ед ел ен а с т р у к т у р а , сл ед в ащ а п о с л е д о в а т е л н о с т т а на у ч е б н о т о съ държ ание.

За разнообразна самостоятелна работа препоръчваме и н те р а кти в н и CD-ROM Penguin Active Reading Level 3

Развива р еч н и ко ви я зап ас на у ч е н и ц и т е чрез к о н тр о л и р а н а с и с т е м а , с ъ в е т и за п о - е ф е к т и в н о з а п о м н я н е

л екси ка

У ч и ги к а к д а п и ш а т ч р е з с п е ц и а л н о р а з р а б о т е н и с ъ в е т и u п л а н и р а н и с т ъ п к а -п о - с т ъ п к а р азлични в и д о в е

писм ени задачи

WordWise Dictionary

(M em ory Gyms).

(Writing Tips)

LONGMAN

(M em ory Tips)

у н и к а л н и с т р а н и ц и за д о п ъ л н и т е л н о п р а к т и к у в а н е н а н о в а т а

(Writing Gyms).

О си гу р я в а и н т е г р и р а н о о б у ч е н и е п о а н гл и й ски ези к в о б щ а т а о б р а з о в а т е л н а учи ли щ н а п р о гр ам а.

В к л ю ч в а и з ч е р п а т е л н а м н о г о с т е п е н н а с и с т е м а за т е с т в а н е , сам о о ц ен ка и о б е к т и в н о о ц ен яван е на п о с т и г н а т и т е р е з у л т а т и спор ед о б р а з о в а т е л н и т е с т а н д а р т и .

F O C U S O N THE E S S E N T IA LS !

П р е д л а га р а з н о о б р а з н и з а д а ч и за п о п ъ л в а н е н а Е з и к о в о п о р тф о ли о .

К ом поненти

У ч е б н и к (с в к л ю ч е н а н гл и й с к о -б ъ л га р с к и р е ч н и к )

У ч е б н а т е т р а д к а (с г р а м а т и ч е с к и и л е к си к а л е н с п р а в о ч н и к ,

C Energy for Bulgaria

к р и т е р и и за с а м о о ц е н к а С Е Е )

for the T*' grade препоръчваме Longman Wordwise Dictionary

□

Г р а м а т и ч е с к а т е т р а д к а (сб о р н и к с г р а м а т и ч е с к и за д а ч и , с о б я с н е н и я н а б ъ л га р ск и е зи к )

□

М е т о д и ч е с к о р ъ к о в о д с т в о (с п р и м е р н о Го д и ш н о р а зп р е д е л е н и е на уч еб н и я м а т е р и а л )

У чебен ауд и о к о м п а к т-д и ск

К н и г а с т е с т о в е ( з а т е к у щ о о ц е н я в а н е в д в а в а р и а н т а А и В, за В хо д н о и и зх о д н о н и в о , т е с т о в е m u n К ЕТ )

□

PEARSON

А уд и о к о м п а к т-д и ск с т е с т о в е C D - R O M (с у п р а ж н е н и я за д о п ъ л н и т е л н а или с а м о с т о я т е л н а р аб о та)

w w w .p e a r s o n E L T . c o m

□

М о е т о е з и к о в о п о р т ф о л и о ( w w w .lo n g m a n - b u lg a r ia .c o m )