Raptors Conservation 3/2005 by Igor Karyakin

Raptors Conservation ПЕРНАТЫЕ ХИЩНИКИ И ИХ ОХРАНА 2005 №3

ISSN 1814–0076

Ðàáî÷èé áþëëåòåíü î ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêàõ Âîñòî÷íîé Åâðîïû è Ñåâåðíîé Àçèè The Newsletter of the raptors of the East Europe and North Asia Áþëëåòåíü «Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà» ó÷ðåæäåí ìåæðåãèîíàëüíîé áëàãîòâîðèòåëüíîé îáùåñòâåííîé îðãàíèçàöèåé «Ñèáèðñêèé ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð» (Íîâîñèáèðñê) è íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêîé îáùåñòâåííîé îðãàíèçàöèåé «Öåíòð ïîëåâûõ èññëåäîâàíèé» (Íèæíèé Íîâãîðîä).

The Newsletter «Raptors Conservation» has been founded by the non-governmental organisations Siberian Environmental Center (Novosibirsk) and Center of Field Studies (Nizhniy Novgorod).

Ðåäàêòîðû íîìåðà: Ýëüâèðà Íèêîëåíêî è Èãîðü Êàðÿêèí

Editors: Elvira Nikolenko and Igor Karyakin

Ýòîò âûïóñê ãîòîâèëè: Ýëüâèðà Íèêîëåíêî (Ñèáèðñêèé ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð, Íîâîñèáèðñê, Ðîññèÿ), Èãîðü Êàðÿêèí (Öåíòð ïîëåâûõ èññëåäîâàíèé, Í.Íîâãîðîä, Ðîññèÿ), Åâãåíèé Ïîòàïîâ (Èíñòèòóò èññëåäîâàíèÿ ñîêîëîâ, Êàðìàðñåí, Âåëèêîáðèòàíèÿ), Àííà Øåñòàêîâà (Íèæåãîðîäñêèé ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé óíèâåðñèòåò, Í.Íîâãîðîä, Ðîññèÿ).

This issue has made by: Elvira Nikolenko (Siberian Environmental Center, Novosibirsk, Russia), Igor Karyakin (Center of Field Studies, N.Novgorod, Russia), Eugene Potapov (Falcon Research Institute, Carmarthen, UK), Anna Shestakova (State University, N.Novgorod, Russia).

Ôîòîãðàôèÿ íà ëèöåâîé ñòîðîíå îáëîæêè: áîëüøîé ïîäîðëèê (Aquila clanga), Àëòàéñêèé êðàé, èþëü 2003 ã. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà Â èëëþñòðàöèè çàäíåé ñòîðîíû îáëîæêè èñïîëüçîâàíû ôîòîãðàôè È. Æèìóëåâà, À. Êîðîëþêà, È. Êàðÿêèíà, Ý. Íèêîëåíêî è Ì. Ïåñòîâà Äèçàéí: Ä. Ñåíîòðóñîâ, À. Êëåùåâ Âåðñòêà: À. Êëåùåâ Êîððåêòóðà: Å. Êëåùåâà

Àäðåñ ðåäàêöèè: 630090 Ðîññèÿ, Íîâîñèáèðñê, à/ÿ 547 Editorial adress: P.O. Box 547, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090

Photo on the front cover: The Great Spotted Eagle (Aquila clanga), Altai Kray, July 2003. Photo by I. Karyakin

Photos on the back cover by I. Zhimulev, I. Karyakin, A. Korolyuk, E. Nikolenko and M. Pestov Design by D. Senotrusov, A. Kleschev Page-proofs by A. Kleschev Proof-reader: E. Klescheva

Tel./Fax: (383) 339 78 85 E-mail: rc_news@mail.ru ikar_research@mail.ru nikolenko@ecoclub.nsu.ru http://ecoclub.nsu.ru/raptors

Ïðàâèëà äëÿ àâòîðîâ äîñòóïíû íà ñàéòå:

Ýëåêòðîííàÿ âåðñèÿ/RC online http://ecoclub.nsu.ru/raptors/RC

Guidelines for Contributors available on website: http://ecoclub.nsu.ru/raptors/RC/guidelines/

Events

Raptors Conservation 2005, 3

Events СОБЫТИЯ Ñ 28 ôåâðàëÿ ïî 4 ìàðòà 2005 ã. â Âåëèêîáðèòàíèè International Wildlife Consultants Ltd (IWC) ïðîâ¸ë ñèìïîçèóì äëÿ ïîëåâûõ èññëåäîâàòåëåëüñêèõ ãðóïï, âåäóùèõ ìîíèòîðèíã ñîêîëîâáàëîáàíîâ (Falco cherrug) ïî âñåìó Àçèàòñêîìó àðåàëó ãíåçäîâàíèÿ. Ýòà ðàáîòà, ôèíàíñèðóåìàÿ Àãåíòñòâîì Èññëåäîâàíèÿ Îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû è Ðàçâèòèÿ Æèâîé ïðèðîäû (ERWDA) Îáúåäèí¸ííûõ Àðàáñêèõ Ýìèðàòîâ, êîîðäèíèðóåòñÿ IWC óæå ìíîãî ëåò. Â 2004 ã. ERWDA ïîääåðæàëî èññëåäîâàíèÿ áàëîáàíà â Êàçàõñòàíå, Ðîññèè, Ìîíãîëèè è Êèòàå, è â 2005 ã. ýòà ðàáîòà áóäåò ïðîäîëæåíà íà òåððèòîðèè Êèðãèçèè è Óêðàèíû. Îñíîâíûå öåëè ñèìïîçèóìà áûëè: (a) ïðîâåñòè âñòðå÷ó ðóêîâîäèòåëåé ïðîåêòîâ, ðàáîòàþùèõ â ðàçíûõ ñòðàíàõ, ÷òîáû îíè ñìîãëè óâèäåòü ñîáñòâåííûå ðåçóëüòàòû è ñâîþ èññëåäîâàòåëüñêóþ ðàáîòó â áîëåå øèðîêîé ïåðñïåêòèâå; (b) îáåñïå÷èòü ñòàíäàðòèçàöèþ ðàáî÷èõ ïîäõîäîâ è ìåòîäîâ â ïðîåêòàõ ðàçíûõ ñòðàí; (c) îòîáðàòü äîáðîâîëüöåâ äëÿ êàæäîãî ïîëåâîãî îòðÿäà äëÿ ðàáîòû â 2005 ã.; (d) îöåíèòü òåêóùèé ìàñøòàá èññëåäîâàíèé è ðåñóðñîâ, íàïðàâëåííûõ íà ýòè èññëåäîâàíèÿ è (e) îáäóìàòü è îáñóäèòü ïóòè ðàçâèòèÿ áóäóùåé ðàáîòû ïî ñîêîëèíîé òåìàòèêå.

Ó÷àñòíèêè ñèìïîçèóìà èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèõ ãðóïï, âåäóùèõ ìîíèòîðèíã áàëîáàíîâ (Falco cherrug) â Àçèè, ïðîøåäøåãî â Âåëèêîáðèòàíèè. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà Participants of a workshop in the UK for fieldworkers and researchers monitoring Sakers (Falco cherrug) across much of the species’ Asian breeding range. Photo by I. Karyakin

28th February to 4th March 2005 International Wildlife Consultants Ltd (IWC) hosted a workshop in the UK for fieldworkers and researchers monitoring Sakers (Falco cherrug) across much of the species’ Asian breeding range. These studies, funded by the Environmental Research and Wildlife Development Agency (ERWDA) of the United Arab Emirates, have been coordinated by IWC for a number of years. In 2004 ERWDA supported studies on Sakers in Kazakhstan, Russia, Mongolia and China, and in 2005 this work will be extended to include additional surveys in Kirghizstan and Ukraine. The principal aims of the workshop were: (a) to enable the project leaders from each country to meet one another in order for them to see their own survey and research work in a wider perspective, (b) to ensure standardised protocols are used across the projects in the various countries, (c) to introduce volunteer fieldworkers to the respective teams they will be working with in 2005, (d) to review the current scope of the survey and research effort and (e) to consider ways of developing future work on Saker Falcons. Each of the project leaders provided a summary of the work conducted in their respective countries to date.

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2005, 3

(1) Contact: Dr. Nick Fox Director of the Falcon Research Institute Dr. Andrew Dixon Head of Falcon Research International Wildlife Consultants Ltd. P.O. Box 19 Carmarthen SA33 5YL Wales UK tel./fax: (44)(1267) 23 38 64 (44)(1267) 25 37 42 office@falcons.co.uk falco@falcons.co.uk www.falcons.co.uk/ falcon

Êàæäûé èç ðóêîâîäèòåëåé ïðîåêòîâ ïðåäñòàâèë ðåçþìå ñâîåé ðàáîòû, âûïîëíåííîé íà òåððèòîðèè èõ ñòðàíû íà ñåãîäíÿøíèé äåíü. Áûëè çàñëóøàíû äîêëàäû Èãîðÿ Êàðÿêèíà (Öåíòð ïîëåâûõ èññëåäîâàíèé, Ðîññèÿ, Í.Íîâãîðîä) ïî áàëîáàíó â Ðîññèè è Çàïàäíîì Êàçàõñòàíå, Àíàòîëèÿ Ëåâèíà (Èíñòèòóò Çîîëîãèè Ðåñïóáëèêè Êàçàõñòàí, Àëìàòû) ïî áàëîáàíó â Öåíòðàëüíîì è Âîñòî÷íîì Êàçàõñòàíå, Ãîìáîáàòàðà (Ìîíãîëüñêàÿ Àêàäåìèÿ Íàóê) ïî áàëîáàíó â Ìîíãîëèè, Ìà Ìèíãà (Êèòàéñêàÿ Àêàäåìèÿ Íàóê, Óðóì÷è) ïî áàëîáàíó â Çàïàäíîì Êèòàå. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, äëÿ ýòèõ ÷åòûð¸õ ñòðàí òåïåðü ñóùåñòâóåò äîñòîâåðíûé îáçîð ãíåçäîâûõ ïîïóëÿöèé áàëîáàíà, òàêæå â íèõ ðàáîòàþò èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèå ïðîãðàììû, è êàæäûé ãîä çíàíèå î ñòàòóñå è ýêîëîãèè âèäà â àðåàëàõ íà òåððèòîðèè ýòèõ ñòðàí ïîâûøàåòñÿ. Òåïåðü IWC ïëàíèðóåò ðàñøèðÿòü èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèå óñèëèÿ â äðóãèõ ñòðàíàõ Öåíòðàëüíîé Àçèè, îñîáåííî â Êèðãèçñòàíå è Óçáåêèñòàíå. Â 2005 ãîäó â ýòó âàæíóþ ÷àñòü àðåàëà, ÷òîáû íà÷àòü èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïîïóëÿöèé áàëîáàíà îòïðàâèëñÿ Ìàéêë Àíäåðñåí (Äàíèÿ). Êðîìå òîãî, ERWDA, ïî ïðåäëîæåíèþ ïðîôåññîðà Âëàäèìèðà Ìèõàéëîâè÷à Ãàëóøèíà (Ñîþç îõðàíû ïòèö Ðîññèè, Ìîñêâà), âçÿëî íà ñåáÿ îáÿçàòåëüñòâî ïðîôèíàíñèðîâàòü îáñëåäîâàíèå ËÝÏ íà Óêðàèíå â åâðîïåéñêîé ÷àñòè àðåàëà áàëîáàíà ñ öåëüþ âûÿâëåíèÿ ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ñîêîëîâ. Äîêòîð Åâãåíèé Ïîòàïîâ îñòàâèë ñîêîëèíóþ ïðîãðàììó ERWDA, êîòîðóþ îí êîîðäèíèðîâàë ñ 1998 ã., íî, ê ñ÷àñòüþ, îí ñìîã ïîñåòèòü ýòîò ñèìïîçèóì è ïîäåëèòüñÿ ñâîèì îïûòîì. Åâãåíèé ñäåëàë ïðåçåíòàöèþ ñâîèõ èññëåäîâàíèé ïî èñïîëüçîâàíèþ ñïóòíèêîâûõ ïåðåäàò÷èêîâ, êîòîðûå ïîêàçàëè øèðîòó ïåðåìåùåíèé áàëîáàíîâ, ðàçìíîæàþùèõñÿ â Þæíîé Ñèáèðè è Ìîíãîëèè. Îêàçàëîñü, ÷òî íåêîòîðûå ïòèöû âåäóò îñ¸äëûé îáðàç æèçíè è îñòàþòñÿ â îáëàñòè ðàçìíîæåíèÿ âñþ çèìó, íåêîòîðûå – øèðîêî êî÷óþò âíå ñåçîíà ðàçìíîæåíèÿ, à äðóãèå ìèãðèðóþò ê ìåñòàì þæíûõ çèìîâîê. Õîòÿ ýòî èññëåäîâàíèå ïðîëèëî íåêîòîðûé ñâåò íà äèàïàçîí çèìíèõ ïåðåìåùåíèé áàëîáàíîâ, íî îíî òàêæå ïîñòàâèëî áîëüøîå êîëè÷åñòâî âîïðîñîâ. Íàïðèìåð, êàêèå ôàêòîðû îïðåäåëÿþò ðàçëè÷èÿ â ïåðåìåùåíèÿõ, è ôèêñèðîâàíû ëè îíè ó êîíêðåòíûõ ïòèö? Ïîíèìàíèå ïîâåäåíèÿ ïòèö ïðè ìèãðàöèÿõ è çíàíèå ìàðøðóòîâ ïåðåìåùåíèÿ î÷åíü âàæíû â äåëå îõðàíû ñîêîëîâ.

Ñîáûòèÿ The reports were made about the Saker Falcon in Russia and the western Kazakhstan by Igor Karyakin of the Centre for Field Studies in Nizhniy Novgorod, in the central and eastern Kazakhstan by Dr. Anatoliy Levin of the Institute of Zoology, Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, in Mongolia by MSc Gombobaatar of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences, in the western China (the foothills and mountains of Xinjiang province, and the plateau steppes of Quingai and Tibet) by Prof. Ma Ming of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Urumqi. In each of these four countries there is now an established Saker Falcon survey and research programme and each year our knowledge of the status and ecology of the species in these range countries increases. We are now developing plans to expand this survey and research effort into other Central Asian countries, particularly Kirghizstan and Uzbekistan. This year Michael Andersen, a wildlife tour guide from Denmark, will be using his knowledge and contacts within these countries in an effort to establish Saker Falcon research in these important range countries. Furthermore, ERWDA, at the suggestion of Prof. Vladimir Galushin of the Russian Bird Conservation Union have undertaken to fund a survey of electricity power-lines in Ukraine, a European stronghold of the Saker Falcon. Dr. Eugene Potapov has now left the ERWDA Saker Falcon programme, which he has coordinated since 1998 but we were fortunate that he was able to attend the workshop and give us the benefit of his experience. Eugene gave a presentation on the satellite tracking study he has undertaken, which has revealed the variation in movements made by Saker Falcons breeding in southern Siberia and Mongolia. Some birds are sedentary and remain in the breeding area all winter, some are nomadic ranging widely outside the breeding season and others migrate to more southerly wintering areas. This research has shed some light on the range of winter movements of Sakers, but it has also raised more questions such as what are the factors that determine the different wanderings and are these fixed in individual birds? Understanding migration behavior and identifying migration routes is critical for the protection of Saker Falcons. The workshop was a very useful vehicle to introduce new ideas and to explore ways of developing the Saker Falcon research projects. Contact (1).

Events

Raptors Conservation 2005, 3 Ñèìïîçèóì äàë âîçìîæíîñòü îçâó÷èòü è îáñóäèòü íîâûå èäåè, à òàêæå íàìåòèòü ïóòè äàëüíåéøåãî ðàçâèòèÿ íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèõ ðàáîò ïî áàëîáàíó. Êîíòàêò (1). Â ìàðòå 2005 ã. Èíäèéñêîå ïðàâèòåëüñòâî çàïðåòèëî èñïîëüçîâàíèå âåòåðèíàðíîãî ïðåïàðàòà äèêëîôåíàêà, êîòîðûé ñòàë ïðè÷èíîé ãèáåëè ñèïîâ â Þæíîé Àçèè1. Èíäèéñêèé Ïðåìüåð-ìèíèñòð Ìàíìîõàí Ñèíã ïîäòâåðäèë, ÷òî âåòåðèíàðíîå èñïîëüçîâàíèå ïðåïàðàòà áóäåò ïîëíîñòüþ ñîêðàùåíî â òå÷åíèå øåñòè ìåñÿöåâ. Çà ïîñëåäíèå 12 ëåò ÷èñëåííîñòü òð¸õ âèäîâ Àçèàòñêèõ ñèïîâ Gyps bengalensis, Gyps indicus è Gyps tenuirostris óïàëî íà 97 %, è ñåé÷àñ îíè íàõîäÿòñÿ íà ãðàíè èñ÷åçíîâåíèÿ (ñì. ñòàòüþ: Ð. Âàòñîí è äð. Âðåìÿ àçèàòñêèõ ñèïîâ ïðîõîäèò. – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà, 2005. ¹1. Ñòð.19–20). Ñèïû èãðàþò âàæíóþ ýêîëîãè÷åñêóþ ðîëü â Àçèàòñêîé îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäå, ãäå â òå÷åíèå òûñÿ÷åëåòèé îíè ïîåäàëè òðóïû äîìàøíåãî ñêîòà è äàæå ëþäåé. Íåñìîòðÿ íà òî, ÷òî èñïîëüçîâàíèå äèêëîôåíàêà çàïðåùåíî, îí åù¸ äîëãîå âðåìÿ áóäåò ñîõðàíÿòüñÿ â öåïè ïèòàíèÿ ñèïîâ. Ñâÿçü ìåæäó ïðåïàðàòîì è äðàìàòè÷åñêèì ïàäåíèåì ÷èñëåííîñòè õèùíèêà áûëà óñòàíîâëåíà â 2004 ã. US-led team.

(2) Contact: Askar Isabekov askarisabekov@ hotmail.com

Â íà÷àëå 2005 ã. â ñåòè ïîÿâèëñÿ ôîòîñàéò î ïòèöàõ Êàçàõñòàíà2, ñîçäàííûé ëþáèòåëÿìè ïòèö Àñêàðîì Èñàáåêîâûì è Âëàäèëåíîì Êàðàñ¸âûì. Íà ñàéòå ïðåäñòàâëåíî î÷åíü ìíîãî èíòåðåñíûõ ôîòîãðàôèé ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ, ñäåëàííûõ íà òåððèòîðèè Êàçàõñòàíà. Ôîòîãðàôèè ñîïðîâîæäàþòñÿ äàòîé è ìåñòîì âñòðå÷è. Êîíòàêò (2). 28 àïðåëÿ 2005 ã. ïîñòàíîâëåíèåì Ïðàâèòåëüñòâà Êûðãûçñêîé Ðåñïóáëèêè ¹ 1703 óòâåðæä¸í íîâûé ñïèñîê ðåäêèõ è íàõîäÿùèõñÿ ïîä óãðîçîé èñ÷åçíîâåíèÿ âèäîâ æèâîòíûõ è ðàñòåíèé äëÿ çàíåñåíèÿ â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó Êûðãûçñêîé Ðåñïóáëèêè. Èç ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ â ýòîò ñïèñîê ïîïàëè 22 âèäà: ñêîïà (Pandion haliaetus), îðëàí-áåëîõâîñò (Haliaeetus albicilla), îðëàíäîëãîõâîñò (Haliaeetus leucoryphus), çìååÿä (Circaetus gallicus), ñòåðâÿòíèê (Neophron percnopterus), áîðîäà÷ (Gypaetus barba-

1 2 3

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4372783.stm http://www.birds.kz/index.html http://www.birdskyr.to.kg/Redbook.doc

The veterinary drug blamed for killing South Asia’s vultures has been banned by the Indian government in March 20051. Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh endorsed to phase out the veterinary use of the drug over the next six months. The population of three species of Asian vultures (Gyps bengalensis, Gyps indicus and Gyps tenuirostris) has fallen by 97 % in 12 years, and they are now at risk of extinction. Vultures have an important ecological role in the Asian environment, where they have been relied upon for millennia to clean up and remove dead livestock and even human corpses (see paper: R.Watson et all.Time is Running Out for Asian Vulture. – Raptors Conservation, 2005. ¹1.P.19–20). Even though diclofenac has now been banned, it will take some time before the drug is removed from the food chain. The link between the drug and the dramatic fall in raptor numbers was established in 2004 by a US-led team.

Çìååÿä (Circaetus gallicus). Ëóãîâñêîé ðàéîí, Æàìáûëñêàÿ îáëàñòü, Êàçàõñòàí (16.06.2004). Ôîòî À. Èñàáåêîâà The Short-Toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus). Lugovskoi region, Zhambyl district, Kazakhstan (16/06/2004). Photo by A. Isabekov

A photo-site2 on Birds of Kazakhstan has been done in Internet at the beginning of 2005. Authors of this site are Askar Isabekov and Vladilen Karasev. Very much interesting photos of raptors from the territory of Kazakhstan have presented on the site. Photos have added by the data and information about registration. Contact (2). The new Red List of rare and endangered species of animals and plants for the Red Data Book of the Kyrgyzstan Republic was established in 28 April 2005 (the resolution a Government of the Kyrgyzstan Republic ¹ 1703).

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2005, 3 tus), ãðèô ÷¸ðíûé (Aegypius monachus), ãðèô ãèìàëàéñêèé èëè êóìàé (Gyps himalayensis), ñèï áåëîãîëîâûé (Gyps fulvus), òþâèê òóðêåñòàíñêèé (Accipiter badius), îð¸ë ÿñòðåáèíûé (Hieraaetus fasciatus), îð¸ë-êàðëèê (Hieraaetus pennatus), áåðêóò (Aquila chrysaetos), ìîãèëüíèê (Aquila heliaca), îð¸ë ñòåïíîé (Aquila nipalensis), êðå÷åò (Falco rusticolus), áàëîáàí (Falco cherrug), ñàïñàí (Falco peregrinus), øàõèí èëè ðûæåãîëîâûé ñîêîë (Falco peregrinoides), ïóñòåëüãà ñòåïíàÿ (Falco naumanni), ôèëèí (Bubo bubo), íåÿñûòü ñåðàÿ (Strix aluco)4. Ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñî ñïèñêîì âèäîâ Êðàñíîé êíèãè Êèðãèçñêîé ÑÑÑÐ, íîâûé ñïèñîê ïîïîëíèëñÿ 9 âèäàìè ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ.

4 5

Ñîáûòèÿ Twenty two species of the raptors were included in this List: Osprey (Pandion haliaetus), White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla), Pallas’s Fish Eagle (Haliaeetus leucoryphus), Short-Toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus), Egyptian Vulture (Neophron percnopterus), Lammergeier (Gypaetus barbatus), Black Vulture (Aegypius monachus), Himalayan Griffon (Gyps himalayensis), Griffon Vulture (Gyps fulvus), Shikra (Accipiter badius), Bonelli’s Eagle (Hieraaetus fasciatus), Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus), Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca), Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis), Gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus), Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug), Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus), Barbary Falcon (Falco peregrinoides), Lesser Kestrel (Falco naumanni), Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo), Tawny Owl (Strix aluco)4. In contrast of Red Data Book of the Kirghiz USSR, new Red List is renewed 9 species of raptors.

31 ìàÿ – 2 èþíÿ 2005 ã. â ã. Íîâîñèáèðñêå (Ðîññèÿ) ïðîø¸ë ñåìèíàð äëÿ òàìîæåí Ñèáèðñêîãî ôåäåðàëüíîãî îêðóãà ïî îáìåíó îïûòîì è ïðåäîòâðàùåíèþ íåëåãàëüíîé òðàíñïîðòèðîâêè ÷åðåç ãðàíèöó îáúåêòîâ äèêîé ôàóíû è ôëîðû è èõ äåðèâàòîâ5. Îðãàíèçàòîðû ñåìèíàðà: ÌÁÎÎ «Ñèáèðñêèé ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð», Âñåìèðíûé ôîíä äèêîé ïðèðîäû, Ìåæäóíàðîäíàÿ ïðîãðàììà Êîíâåíöèè ÑÈÒÅÑ (TRAFFIC International) è Ñèáèðñêîå òàìîæåííîå óïðàâëåíèå. Öåëüþ ñåìèíàðà ñòàëî ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèå ïðîôåññèîíàëüíûõ çíàíèé è íàâûêîâ ñîòðóäíèêîâ òàìîæåííûõ îðãàíîâ â ñôåðå áîðüáû ñ íåçà- Ñåìèíàð äëÿ òàìîæåííèêîâ Ñèáèðñêîãî ôåäåðàëüíîãî îêðóãà. êîííûì ïåðåìåùåíèåì îáúåê- Ôîòî Ý. Íèêîëåíêî òîâ äèêîé ïðèðîäû ÷åðåç A seminar for customs officials of Siberian Federal Region. ãðàíèöû þãà Ðîññèè ñ Ìîíãî- Photo by E. Nikolenko ëèåé, Êàçàõñòàíîì è Êèòàåì. Íà ñåìèíàðå ïðèñóòñòâîâàëè 22 ñîòðóä- A seminar was hold for customs of the íèêà òàìîæåí è òàìîæåííûõ ïîñòîâ Ñè- Siberian federal region on exchange of exáèðñêîãî ôåäåðàëüíîãî îêðóãà, à òàêæå perience and preventing an illegal transïðåäñòàâèòåëè ÷åòûð¸õ ãîñóäàðñòâåííûõ porting of species of wild fauna and flora ñòðóêòóð, èìåþùèõ îòíîøåíèå ê áîðüáå ñ and their derivates through the border 31 êîíòðàáàíäîé. May – 2 June 2005 in Novosibirsk (Russia)5. Â òå÷åíèå òð¸õ äíåé ó÷àñòíèêè ñåìèíàOrganizers: NGO Siberian Environmental ðà èçó÷àëè óñïåøíûé îïûò Äàëüíåâîñòî÷- Center, WWF Russia, TRAFFIC International íîãî òàìîæåííîãî óïðàâëåíèÿ, ñëóøàëè and Siberian Customs Department. ëåêöèè À. Âàéñìàíà, ñîòðóäíèêà TRAFFIC The main theme of a seminar was an imInternational, à òàêæå âåäóùèõ ñèáèðñêèõ provement of professional knowledge and ñïåöèàëèñòîâ-áèîëîãîâ î ïðåäñòàâèòåëÿõ skills of employees of customs in preventäèêîé ôëîðû è ôàóíû, âêëþ÷¸ííûõ â ñïè- ing the illegal traffic of species of wild nature through borders of south of Russia with Mongolia, Kazakhstan and China. 22 employees of customs, customs posts of Sibehttp://www.birdskyr.to.kg/redbook.htm http://www.ecoclub.nsu.ru rian federal region and four government

Events (3) Êîíòàêò: Ýëüâèðà Íèêîëåíêî ÌÁÎÎ «Ñèáèðñêèé ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð» 630090 Ðîññèÿ Íîâîñèáèðñê à/ÿ 547 òåë./ôàêñ: (3833) 39 78 85 nikolenko@ecoclub.nsu.ru (3) Contact: Elvira Nikolenko NGO Siberian Enviromental Center P.O. Box 547 Novosibirsk Russia 630090 tel./fax: (3833) 39 78 85 nikolenko@ecoclub.nsu.ru

Raptors Conservation 2005, 3 ñîê ÑÈÒÅÑ, íàëàæèâàëè íîâûå ìåæâåäîìñòâåííûå ñâÿçè, îáñóæäàëè çàêîíîäàòåëüíûå àñïåêòû ýòîé ïðîáëåìû. Îñîáîå âíèìàíèå íà ñåìèíàðå áûëî óäåëåíî òåìå íåëåãàëüíîãî îòëîâà ñîêîëîâ íà òåððèòîðèè Ñèáèðñêîãî ôåäåðàëüíîãî îêðóãà äëÿ íóæä ñîêîëèíîé îõîòû è èõ òðàíñïîðòèðîâêè ÷åðåç ãðàíèöó. Îñíîâûâàÿñü íà ðåçóëüòàòàõ ðàáîòû â ÀëòàåÑàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå ñîêîëèíîãî ïðîåêòà Áðèòàíñêîãî Èíñòèòóòà èññëåäîâàíèÿ ñîêîëîâ, òàìîæåííèêàì áûëè ïðåäñòàâëåíû ïðàêòè÷åñêèå àñïåêòû, ñâÿçàííûå ñ ýòèì âèäîì êîíòðàáàíäû. Â õîäå ñåìèíàðà áûëè äîñòèãíóòû êîíêðåòíûå ñîãëàøåíèÿ î äàëüíåéøåé ñîâìåñòíîé ðàáîòå Ñèáèðñêîãî Òàìîæåííîãî Óïðàâëåíèÿ è ÌÁÎÎ «Ñèáýêîöåíòð» ïðè ïîääåðæêå Âñåìèðíîãî ôîíäà äèêîé ïðèðîäû. Êîíòàêò (3). Ëåòîì 2005 ã. èíòåðíåò-êîìïàíèÿ Google6, èçâåñòíàÿ ïî îäíîèìåííîé ïîèñêîâîé ñèñòåìå, ïðåäñòàâèëà íà ñóä îáùåñòâåííîñòè íîâóþ êàðòîãðàôè÷åñêóþ ñèñòåìó. Ïðè áîëåå âíèìàòåëüíîì ðàññìîòðåíèè ñòàíîâèòñÿ ïîíÿòíî, ÷òî ìû ÿâëÿåìñÿ ñâèäåòåëÿìè ïîÿâëåíèÿ äåéñòâèòåëüíî ðåâîëþöèîííîãî ñåðâèñà, áàçèðóþùåãîñÿ íà âîçìîæíîñòÿõ è òåõíîëîãèÿõ Èíòåðíåò ïî ïðåäîñòàâëåíèþ ñàìûõ ïåðåäîâûõ äàííûõ äèñòàíöèîííîãî çîíäèðîâàíèÿ çåìëè è äðóãîé ïðîñòðàíñòâåííîé èíôîðìàöèè. Îðãàíèçàöèîííî-êàðòîãðàôè÷åñêèé ðåñóðñ Google ïðåäñòàâëÿåò èç ñåáÿ íîâîå ïðîãðàììíîå îáåñïå÷åíèå Google Earth (GE) è óäàë¸ííóþ (òî åñòü íàõîäÿùóþñÿ â ñåòè Èíòåðíåò íà ñåðâåðàõ Google) áàçó ãåîãðàôè÷åñêèõ äàííûõ. Êîìïîíåíòû ñèñòåìû ÿâëÿþòñÿ óíèêàëüíîé ðàçðàáîòêîé, ïðèçâàííîé ìàêñèìàëüíî îáëåã÷èòü ê íèì äîñòóï êàê ìîæíî áîëåå øèðîêîé àóäèòîðèè. Îíè ìàêñèìàëüíî îáëåã÷åíû äëÿ èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ è ïîíèìàíèÿ, íî, åñòåñòâåííî, ýòî òàêæå îçíà÷àåò è îòñóòñòâèå áîëüøèíñòâà ôóíêöèé, äîñòóïíûõ â ïðîôåññèîíàëüíûõ ÃÈÑ. Êàðòîãðàôè÷åñêàÿ ñèñòåìà Google, íåñîìíåííî, áóäåò èíòåðåñíà îðíèòîëîãàì, â òîì ÷èñëå è ñïåöèàëèñòàì ïî õèùíûì ïòèöàì, òàê êàê ñóùåñòâåííî ðàñøèðÿåò âîçìîæíîñòè ïî ïîäãîòîâêå è âèçóàëèçàöèè äàííûõ ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ, ìàðøðóòîâ ìèãðàöèé, àðåàëîâ, ïîçâîëÿåò îáìåíèâàòüñÿ òàêèìè ìàòåðèàëàìè ëþäÿì, íå èìåþ-

http://earth.google.com/

organizations, related to preventing the smuggling, visited a seminar. During three days seminar participants studied a successful experience of Far eastern customs department, listened to lectures of A. Vaysman (Senior Programme Officer of TRAFFIC Europe-Russia) and leading Siberian biologists on endangered species of wild flora and fauna (from the list of CITES), established new interdepartmental relationships, discussed legislative aspects of this problem. Emphases on the seminar were illegal catching falcons on the territory of Siberian federal region for falconry and smuggling falcons through the border. Using results of project of Falcon Research Institute (UK) in the Altai-Sayan region some practical aspects connected with smuggling of falcons were presented for customs officials. As a result of a seminar some agreements on further collaboration between Siberian Customs, Siberian Enviromental Center and WWF were achieved. Contact (3).

Çåìëÿ â Goggle Earth Our planet in Goggle Earth

This summer leading internet company Google6, well known after its web search system, released the new cartographic complex, it differs markedly from professional GIS data and software by ease to use and ready data. New data and software complex will be definitely interesting for ornithologists as it provide incomparable speed and convenience in using geographic data. This system presents following possibilities: • Viewing satellite imagery – convenient navigation, seamless image and on-the-fly visualization of user commands with gradual redrawing of the details; • Perspective (relief) view with satellite image draping;

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2005, 3

Âñ¸, ÷òî íåîáõîäèìî äëÿ íà÷àëà ðàáîòû – ýòî ïðîãðàììà-íàâèãàòîð GE (êîòîðàÿ ìîæåò áûòü áåñïëàòíî ïîëó÷åíà ñ ñàéòà Google Earth7), ïîçâîëÿþùàÿ ñðàçó íà÷àòü ðàáîòàòü ñ äàííûìè äèñòàíöèîííîãî çîíäèðîâàíèÿ íà ëþáóþ òî÷êó çåìíîé ïîâåðõíîñòè â ëþáîì ìàñøòàáå. Ïîëüçîâàòåëü ñðàçó ïîïàäàåò íà êàðòó ìèðà è, èìåÿ ýëåìåíòàðíûå ãåîãðàôè÷åñêèå çíàíèÿ, ìîæåò íàéòè íóæíîå åìó ìåñòî, ñìåñòèâ è óâåëè÷èâ íóæíûé ôðàãìåíò, ëèáî ââåäÿ â ñòðîêó ïîèñêà íàçâàíèå ãîðîäà èëè ñòðàíû (ñïèñîê ãîðîäîâ Ðîññèè ïîêà ñèëüíî îãðàíè÷åí, ïîèñê íà ðóññêîì ÿçûêå òîæå íåâîçìîæåí). Íàáîð èíñòðóìåíòîâ, ïðåäíàçíà÷åííûõ äëÿ íàâèãàöèè, íåñêîëüêî îãðàíè÷åí: èçìåíåíèå ìàñøòàáà (óâåëè÷åíèå, óìåíüøåíèå), ñäâèã ïî îñÿì (ââåðõ, âíèç, âïðàâî, âëåâî), ïîâîðîò èçîáðàæåíèÿ è åãî ïåðñïåêòèâíûé íàêëîí. Äàííîå ïðîãðàììíîå îáåñïå÷åíèå (ÏÎ) ìîæíî, ñ íåêîòîðîé íàòÿæêîé, îòíåñòè ê ðàçðÿäó ÏÎ ÃÈÑ, òàê êàê îíî ðàáîòàåò ñ ïðîñòðàíñòâåííûìè äàííûìè, è ïî íåìó ìîæíî â ëþáîé òî÷êå ìåñòíîñòè ïîëó÷èòü êîîðäèíàòû ýòîé òî÷êè. Îñîáåííîñòüþ è ãëàâíûì îòëè÷èåì GE îò äðóãèõ, áîëåå ïðîôåññèîíàëüíûõ ïàêåòîâ, ÿâëÿåòñÿ õðàíåíèå âñåõ äàííûõ íà ñåðâåðå Google (òî åñòü íè÷åãî â âèäå ôàéëîâ íà êîìïüþòåðå ïîëüçîâàòåëÿ íå ñîõðàíÿåòñÿ), à òàêæå îòîáðàæåíèå äàííûõ «íà ëåòó» – ëþáîå äåéñòâèå ñîïðîâîæäàåòñÿ íåìåäëåííûì ðåçóëüòàòîì. Áîëüøàÿ ñêîðîñòü îòîáðàæåíèÿ äàííûõ äîñòèãàåòñÿ çà ñ÷¸ò ïîêàçà äàííûõ íà ðàçíûõ óðîâíÿõ ãåíåðàëèçàöèè (îáîáùåíèÿ) è ïîñòåïåííîé ïðîðèñîâêè èõ áîëåå äåòàëüíî, ïî ìåðå çàãðóçêè äàííûõ èç Èíòåðíåò. Äàííûå, èñïîëüçóåìûå â ñèñòåìå GE, óæå ïîäãîòîâëåíû ê èñïîëüçîâàíèþ, èõ íå íóæíî ñïåöèàëüíûì îáðàçîì îáðàáàòûâàòü, íî è íåëüçÿ ñïåöèôè÷åñêèì îáðàçîì íàñòðîèòü, êàê ýòî âîçìîæíî â ïðîôåññèîíàëüíûõ ïàêåòàõ ÃÈÑ, íàïðèìåð, ñìåíèòü ñèñòåìó êîîðäèíàò, êîìáèíàöèþ êàíàëîâ äàííûõ äèñòàíöèîííîãî çîíäèðîâàíèÿ (ÄÄÇ), óëó÷øèòü ãåîãðàôè÷åñêóþ ïðèâÿçêó è ò.ä. Äàííûå äîñòóïíû íà âåñü ìèð. Îñíîâó äàííûõ ïðåäñòàâëÿþò ñïóòíèêîâûå ñíèìêè Landsat. Ýòè äàííûå äîñòóïû íà âåñü ìèð è ïðåäîñòàâëåíû êîìïàíèåé EarthSat. Îíè ïîëó÷åíû ñî ñïóòíèêà Landsat–7 ñ ïîìîùüþ êàìåðû ETM+, ðàçðåøåíèå íà ìåñòíîñòè ïîñëå ñïåöèàëüíîé îáðàáîòêè – 15 ì, ÷òî ïðèìåðíî ñîîòâåòñòâóåò ìàñøòàáó 1:100000. Êðóïíûå ãîðîäà (Ìîñêâà, Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðã è íåêîòîðûå äðóãèå) è ìíîãèå ìèðîâûå òåððèòîðèè îòîáðàæàþòñÿ âïëîòü äî ìàñøòàáîâ ïîðÿäêà 1:2000, ýòè äàííûå ïðåäñòàâëåíû êîìïàíèåé DigitalGlobe è ñäåëàíû ñî ñïóòíèêà Quickbird–2, êàìåðîé BHRC–60, èñõîäíîå ðàçðåøåíèå ýòèõ ñíèìêîâ (0.68 ì) óìåíüøåíî äî 2 ìåòðîâ. Äëÿ ñîçäàíèÿ ïåðñïåêòèâíûõ èçîáðàæåíèé èñïîëüçóþòñÿ äàííûå î ðåëüåôå SRTM. Â ðóññêîÿçû÷íîé ñåòè èíôîðìàöèþ î ïðîåêòå Google Maps ìîæíî íàéòè íà ñàéòå ÃÈÑ-ëàáîðàòîðèè8. ùèì ïàêåòîâ ïðîôåññèîíàëüíîãî ÏÎ ÃÈÑ è íå âëàäåþùèõ ìåòîäàìè ðàáîòû â íèõ. Íîâàÿ êàðòîãðàôè÷åñêàÿ ñèñòåìà Google ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñëåäóþùèå âîçìîæíîñòè: • Ïðîñìîòð ñïóòíèêîâûõ ñíèìêîâ – óäîáíàÿ íàâèãàöèÿ, áåñøîâíîå ñîåäèíåíèå ñïóò7 8

http://kh.google.com/download/earth/index.html http://gis-lab.info/projects/google-rus.html

Ñîáûòèÿ

Google Earth6 is the new free software which works with geographic database available and stored on the internet. All you need to start is download free special navigation software7 and immediately start working with remote sensing data on any part of the world in many scales. On the start user is placed on the world map, from which he can start navigating anywhere. Navigation is limited to several instruments: zooming in and our, shifting along axis, rotation and tilt. All the data which Google Earth allows to navigate through is located on the internet on Google servers, so you don’t need to deal with complicated and time consuming data selection and preprocessing, Google did that already. In case you internet connection is good you will have rather high speed of data visualization, this is achieved by using several levels of generalization, data is gradually redrawing while downloading it from the internet. Base data is satellite imagery from Landsat satellites. This data originates from EarthSat company and available for the whole world. It is taken by Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus camera of Landsat–7 satellite, dates back to 1999 and has spatial resolution of 15 meters, which equals to approximately 1:100’000 scale. For several big cities in Russia (Moscow, Saint-Petersburg and few others) and many others in the world higher resolution data available. They are produced by DigitalGlobe and taken from Quickbird–2 satellite, by BHRC–60 camera; source resolution of this data (0.68 ì) slightly degraded to 2 meters. Äëÿ ñîçäàíèÿ ïåðñïåêòèâíûõ èçîáðàæåíèé èñïîëüçóþòñÿ äàííûå î ðåëüåôå SRTM. You can find more information on Google cartography on GIS-Lab.info8.

• Creating of your own point data and exporting it into special format, distributable for other users; • Overlaying of images (logotypes, custom maps etc.) and their approximate referencing to topography; • Measuring distances and getting geographic coordinates;

Events

Raptors Conservation 2005, 3

Íåêîòîðûå âîçìîæíîñòè ðàáîòû ñî ñíèìêàìè â Goggle Earth: îêðåñòíîñòè ã. Òâåðü (Ðîññèÿ) Some possibilities of working with satellite images in Goggle Earth: near Tver’ city (Russia)

(4) Êîíòàêò: Ìàêñèì Äóáèíèí ÃÈÑ-öåíòð ÌñîÝÑ 107023 Ðîññèÿ Ìîñêâà ïë. Æóðàâë¸âà 1 ñòð.1. îô.43 òåë.: (095) 963 54 20 (095) 124 50 22 sim@biodiversity.ru http://gis-lab.info Âàëåðèé Õðîíóñîâ Ãîðíûé èíñòèòóò ÓðÎ ÐÀÍ Ðîññèÿ Ïåðìü òåë.: (342) 216 47 31 xbbster@gmail.com (4) Contact: Maxim Dubinin GIS-center of MO SEU GIS-Lab.info sq. Zhuravleva 1 build.1, of.43 Moscow Russia 107023 tel.: (095) 963 54 20 (095) 124 50 22 sim@biodiversity.ru http://gis-lab.info Valery Khronusov Mountain Institute of the Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Russia Perm tel.: (342) 2164731 xbbster@gmail.com

íèêîâûõ ñíèìêîâ è ìîìåíòàëüíîå îòîáðàæåíèå ñ ïîñòåïåííîé ïðîðèñîâêîé äåòàëåé; • Ïîñòðîåíèå ïåðñïåêòèâíûõ (ðåëüåôíûõ) èçîáðàæåíèé ñ íàëîæåíèåì ñïóòíèêîâûõ ñíèìêîâ; • Íàíåñåíèå ñâîèõ òî÷åê è ýêñïîðò èõ â ñïåöèàëüíûé ôàéë (â ôîðìàòå Google) äëÿ îáìåíà ñ äðóãèìè ïîëüçîâàòåëÿìè ñèñòåìû; • Íàëîæåíèå ñâîèõ èçîáðàæåíèé (íàïðèìåð: ëîãîòèïû, ñîáñòâåííûå êàðòû è ò.ä.) è èõ ïðèìåðíîå ñîâìåùåíèå ñ ïîäñòèëàþùåé ïîâåðõíîñòüþ; • Èçìåðåíèå ðàññòîÿíèé è îïðåäåëåíèå ãåîãðàôè÷åñêèõ êîîðäèíàò îáúåêòîâ; • Îáë¸ò òåððèòîðèè íà çàäàííîé âûñîòå è ñêîðîñòè. Êîíòàêò (4).

• Flyover above given track on specified height and speed. Contact (4).

1 àâãóñòà 2005 ã. Óçáåêèñòàí âêëþ÷èëñÿ â ðàáîòó ïî ðåàëèçàöèè ïðîãðàììû BirdLife International «Âàæíåéøèå Îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèå òåððèòîðèè (ÂÎÒ) Öåíòðàëüíîé Àçèè», íàïðàâëåííóþ íà îðãàíèçàöèþ â ðåãèîíå ñåòè òåððèòîðèé, èìåþùèõ ìåæäóíàðîäíîå çíà÷åíèå äëÿ ñîõðàíåíèÿ ïòèö (IBA) è áèîðàçíîîáðàçèÿ â öåëîì, è èõ îõðàíó. Ýòîìó ñîáûòèþ ïðåäøåñòâîâàë áîëåå ÷åì ãîäîâîé ïîäãîòîâèòåëüíûé ïåðèîä. Äî 2004 ã. Öåíòðàëüíàÿ Àçèÿ îñòàâàëàñü îäíèì èç çíà÷èòåëüíûõ ïðîáåëîâ â ìèðîâîé ñåòè IBA/ÂÎÒ. Ïåðâûé ðàáî÷èé ñåìèíàð BirdLife International ïî öåíòðàëüíîàçèàòñêèì ÂÎÒ, îðãàíèçîâàííûé RSPB, NABU è Ñåêðåòàðèàòîì BirdLife è ôèíàíñèðóåìûé RSPB, ñîñòîÿëñÿ â ã. Àëìàòû â ìàå 2004 ã. Îí ñîáðàë ïðåäñòàâèòåëåé íàó÷íûõ è ïðèðîäîîõðàííûõ îðãàíèçàöèé èç 5 ñòðàí Öåíòðàëüíîàçèàòñêîãî ðåãèîíà – Êàçàõñòàíà, Óçáåêèñòàíà, Êûðãûçñòàíà, Òàäæèêèñòàíà è Òóðêìåíèñòàíà. Áûëè ðàçðàáîòàíû ïëàíû

Uzbekistan begins to realize the program of BirdLife International «Important Bird Areas of Central Asia» since 1 August 2005. Central Asia was terra incognita in the world network of IBA before 2004. The first workshop of BirdLife International on IBAs of Central Asia was held RSPB, NABU and BirdLife International and budgeted RSPB in Alma-Ata in May 2004. Plans for realization of programme of IBA for 5 countries of the region of Central Asia – Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tadzhikistan and Turkmenistan were discussed on the seminar. Two working seminars on the IBA’s programme were held in Tashkent in March and July 2005. Norbert Shaffer (leader of European Programmes of RSPB), Michael Brombacher (coordinator of the IBA project in Central Asia), ornithologists of Uzbekistan, officials of state environmental departments and NGO, teachers and students have taken part in seminars. National coordinator and consultant of project «IBA of Uzbekistan» were assigned,

Ãîðà Àðàðàò (Òóðöèÿ) â Goggle Earth The Ararat Mountain (Turkey) in Goggle Earth

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2005, 3

(5) Êîíòàêò: Êàøêàðîâ Ðîìàí Äàíèëîâè÷ Íàöèîíàëüíûé Êîîðäèíàòîð ïðîåêòà «Âàæíåéøèå îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèå òåððèòîðèè (ÂÎÒ) Óçáåêèñòàíà» 700095 Óçáåêèñòàí Òàøêåíò, óë. Íèÿçîâà 1 Èíñòèòóò çîîëîãèè Àêàäåìèè Íàóê Ðåñïóáëèêè Óçáåêèñòàí, êîìí. 89 òåë.: (998 71) 118 94 02 roman.kashkarov@iba.uz (5) Contact: Dr. Roman D. Kashkarov Project Coordinator of ‘Important Bird Areas (IBA) of Uzbekistan’ Institute of Zoology Uzbekistan National Academy of Sciences Niyazov str., 1, off. 89 Tashkent Uzbekistan 700095 tel.: (998 71) 118 94 02 roman.kashkarov@iba.uz

îñóùåñòâëåíèÿ ïðîãðàììû ÂÎÒ äëÿ ñòðàíó÷àñòíèö. Â ìàðòå è èþëå 2005 ã. 2 ðàáî÷èõ ñåìèíàðà ïî ïðîãðàììå ÂÎÒ áûëè ïðîâåäåíû â Òàøêåíòå. Â íèõ ïðèíÿëè ó÷àñòèå Íîðáåðò Øàôôåð (ðóêîâîäèòåëü Åâðîïåéñêèõ Ïðîãðàìì RSPB), Ìèõàýëü Áðîìáàõåð (Êîîðäèíàòîð ïðîåêòà ÂÎÒ â Öåíòðàëüíîé Àçèè), âåäóùèå ó÷¸íûå-îðíèòîëîãè Óçáåêèñòàíà, ïðåäñòàâèòåëè ïðèðîäîîõðàííûõ âåäîìñòâ è îáùåñòâåííûõ îðãàíèçàöèé, ïðåïîäàâàòåëè è ñòóäåíòû ÂÓÇîâ Ðåñïóáëèêè. Áûëè íàçíà÷åíû Íàöèîíàëüíûé êîîðäèíàòîð è êîíñóëüòàíò ïðîåêòà «Âàæíåéøèå Îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèå òåððèòîðèè Óçáåêèñòàíà», èçáðàí îáùåñòâåííûé ðàáî÷èé îðãàí – Íàöèîíàëüíûé Êîìèòåò, ñîñòàâëåí ñïèñîê èç 55 ïîòåíöèàëüíûõ ÂÎÒ Óçáåêèñòàíà. Ñîãëàñíî êðèòåðèÿì BirdLife International äëÿ Óçáåêèñòàíà, 6 âèäîâ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ – îðëàí-äîëãîõâîñò (Haliaeetus leucoryphus), ÷¸ðíûé ãðèô (Aegypius monachus), ìîãèëüíèê (Aquila heliaca), áîëüøîé ïîäîðëèê (Aguila clanga), áàëîáàí (Falco cerrug), ñòåïíàÿ ïóñòåëüãà (Falco naumanni) – ÿâëÿþòñÿ ãëîáàëüíî óãðîæàåìûìè è îòíåñåíû ê êàòåãîðèè SPEC 1 (êðèòåðèé A1). Òóðêåñòàíñêèé òþâèê (Accipiter badius) è ïóñòûííàÿ ñîâêà (Otus brucei) ÿâëÿþòñÿ èíäèêàòîðàìè èëè áèîìíûìè âèäàìè (êðèòåðèé A3) ïóñòûííûõ è ïîëóïóñòûííûõ ìåñòîîáèòàíèé, ãèìàëàéñêèé ãðèô (Gyps himalayensis) – èíäèêàòîðîì âûñîêîãîðèé. Çà âðåìÿ, ïðîøåäøåå ñ íà÷àëà äåéñòâèÿ ïðîåêòà IBA/ÂÎÒ â Óçáåêèñòàíå, îðíèòîëîãè ðåñïóáëèêè óæå çàâåðøèëè îáîáùàþùèé àíàëèç èìåþùèõñÿ äàííûõ äëÿ èíâåíòàðèçàöèè 15 ïîòåíöèàëüíûõ âàæíåéøèõ îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèõ òåððèòîðèé; äëÿ çàïîëíåíèÿ ñóùåñòâóþùèõ ïðîáåëîâ â ñïèñêå ïîòåíöèàëüíûõ ÂÎÒ ðàçðàáàòûâàåòñÿ ïëàí ïîëåâûõ èññëåäîâàíèé íà 2006 ã. Ïðèîðèòåòíûå çàäà÷è ïðîåêòà: îáó÷èòü ìåòîäàì ðàáîòû, îáåñïå÷èòü îïòèêîé è îïðåäåëèòåëÿìè ïîëåâûõ ðàáîòíèêîâ; îáñóäèòü ñ ïàðòíåðàìè (Ìèíèñòåðñòâàìè, êîîðäèíàòîðàìè IBA/ÂÎÒ è ò.ä.) ïðàêòè÷åñêèå ïðèðîäîîõðàííûå ìåðû äëÿ çàùèòû ÂÎÒ; ðàçâèâàòü ïðîåêòû ïî ðàç-

Ó÷àñòíèêè ðàáî÷èõ ñåìèíàðîâ ïî ïðîãðàììå ÂÎÒ â Òàøêåíòå â 2005 ã. Ôîòî ïðåäîñòàâëåíî Ð. Êîøêàðîâûì Participants of a workshop in the Tashkent for programme of IBA’s. Photo from R. Koshkarov

Ñîáûòèÿ

×¸ðíûé ãðèô (Aegypius monachus) â ×àòêàëüñêîì çàïîâåäíèêå. Ôîòî Ãåðíîòà Ïîëà The Black Vulture (Aegypius monachus) in the Chatkal’skiy Nature Reserve. Photo by Ger not Pohl

National Committee as a public working group was elected and 55 potential IBAs of Uzbekistan were listed. According to BirdLife International criteria for Uzbekistan, 6 species of raptors are globally threatened (criterion of distinguishing IBA A1): the Pallas’s Fish Eagle (Haliaeetus leucoryphus), the Black Vulture (Aegypius monachus), the Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca), the Great Spotted Eagle (Aguila clanga), the Saker Falcon (Falco cerrug), the Lesser Kestrel (Falco naumanni). The Shikra (Accipiter badius), the Striated Scops Owl (Otus brucei) as indicators or biome species (criterion A3) of deserted and semi-deserted

Events

(6) Êîíòàêò: Îëüãà Åãîðîâíà Áîðîäèíà Çàì. Äèðåêòîðà ïî íàó÷íîé ðàáîòå Îáëàñòíîãî êðàåâåä÷åñêîãî ìóçåÿ Òàòüÿíà Àëåêñååâíà Ãðîìîâà Çàâ. Îòäåëîì ïðèðîäû Îáëàñòíîãî êðàåâåä÷åñêîãî ìóçåÿ 432601 Ðîññèÿ Óëüÿíîâñê Á-ð Íîâûé Âåíåö 3/4 Îáëàñòíîé êðàåâåä÷åñêèé ìóçåé Îòäåë ïðèðîäû òåë.: (8422) 44 30 16 ôàêñ: (8422) 44 30 92 orlasha@mail.ru (6) Contact: Olga Egorovna Borodina Deputy director on scientific work of the Regional museum, Tatyana Alexeevna Gromova Manager of the Department of Nature in the Regional museum, The Regional Museum, The Department of Nature Boulevard Noviy Venets, 3/4 Ulyanovsk Russia 432601 tel.: (8422) 44 30 16, (8422) 44 31 00 fax: (8422) 44 30 92 orlasha@mail.ru

Raptors Conservation 2005, 3

ðàáîòêå ïëàíîâ ðåãóëèðîâàíèÿ äëÿ êëþ÷åâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ; îáñóäèòü ñ ïðèðîäîîõðàííûìè îðãàíèçàöèÿìè âîçìîæíîñòü ïðåâðàùåíèÿ ÂÎÒ â çàïîâåäíèêè èëè çàêàçíèêè; âûïóñòèòü êíèãó «Âàæíåéøèå îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèå òåððèòîðèè Óçáåêèñòàíà»; ñîçäàòü ñèñòåìó äîëãîâðåìåííîãî ìîíèòîðèíãà äëÿ âñåõ ÂÎÒ Óçáåêèñòàíà. Ïðîåêò «Âàæíåéøèå Îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèå Òåððèòîðèè â Óçáåêèñòàíå» îòêðûò äëÿ ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâà, èíèöèàòèâ è ðàññ÷èòûâàåò íà âàøó ïîääåðæêó! Êîíòàêò (5).

territories and the Himalayan Griffon (Gyps himalayensis) as indicator of highland territories. Since the beginning of IBAs project in Uzbekistan national ornithologists already have finished a generalize analysis of available data for inventories of 15 potential IBAs. Now the plan for field researches for potential IBAs in 2006 is worked out. The project «IBA of Uzbekistan» welcomes to cooperation, initiatives and your support! Contact (5).

Ñ 21 ïî 24 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2005 ã. â ã. Óëüÿíîâñêå (Ðîññèÿ) ñîñòîÿëèñü II Áóòóðëèíñêèå ÷òåíèÿ, ïîñâÿù¸ííûå ïàìÿòè èçâåñòíîãî ðîññèéñêîãî îðíèòîëîãà, îõîòîâåäà, èññëåäîâàòåëÿ Ñåâåðà, îäíîãî èç îñíîâîïîëîæíèêîâ ïðèðîäîîõðàííîãî äâèæåíèÿ â Ðîññèè – Ñåðãåÿ Àëåêñàíäðîâè÷à Áóòóð-

II Buturlinskie Chtenia was held in Ulyanovsk in 21–24 September 2005. The conference was dedicated to memories by famous Russian ornithologist, naturalist, researcher of the North of Russia, the founder of environmental movement in Russia – Sergey Alexandrovich Buturlin.

Îðëàí-áåëîõâîñò (Haliaeetus albicilla), âûðàùåííûé â öåíòðå ñïàñåíèÿ äèêèõ ïòèö. Ôîòî Î. Áîðîäèíà The White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) from the Center of Rescuing the Wild Birds. Photo by O. Borodin

ëèíà. Íà êîíôåðåíöèè áûëè ïðåäñòàâëåíû äîêëàäû Âàñèëèÿ Ã. Ï÷åëèíöåâà «Åâðîïåéñêàÿ ïðîãðàììà öâåòíîãî ìå÷åíèÿ îðëàíà-áåëîõâîñòà è âîçìîæíîñòè å¸ ïðèìåíåíèÿ â Ðîññèè», Ìèðîñëàâà Â. Áàáóøêèíà «Îñîáåííîñòè ïèòàíèÿ ñêîïû, îðëàíàáåëîõâîñòà è ÷¸ðíîãî êîðøóíà â óñëîâèÿõ Äàðâèíñêîãî çàïîâåäíèêà», Ëþäìèëû Ì. Íîâèêîâîé «Ðåçóëüòàòû ìîíèòîðèíãà êðóïíûõ õèùíûõ ïòèö â 2005 ã.», Àëåêñàíäðà Â. Àáóëàäçå «Îñîáåííîñòè ñåçîííûõ ìèãðàöèé õèùíûõ ïòèö íàä ãîðíûìè ìàññèâàìè Êàâêàçà è Áëèæíåãî Âîñòîêà». Âñå ïðåäñòàâëåííûå íà êîíôåðåíöèè äîêëàäû áóäóò îïóáëèêîâàíû â ñáîðíèêå. Ïîñëå êîíôåðåíöèè ó÷àñòíèêè ïîñåòèëè Ñóðñêèé ðåñïóáëèêàíñêèé çîîëîãè÷åñêèé çàêàçíèê èìåíè Ñ.À. Áóòóðëèíà è Öåíòð ñïàñåíèÿ äèêèõ ïòèö ïðè Îáëàñòíîé ñòàíöèè þíûõ íàòóðàëèñòîâ, ãäå ñîäåðæàòñÿ íåñêîëüêî ðåäêèõ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ, â òîì ÷èñëå îðëàí-áåëîõâîñò è ôèëèí. Êîíòàêò (6).

Four reports about raptors were sounded on the conference. They will be published in the conference proceeding. After conference participants have visited the Surskiy Reserve and the Center of Rescuing the Wild Birds, where several rare raptors are living, including White-Tailed Eagle and Eagle Owl. Contact (6). II Áóòóðëèíñêèå ÷òåíèÿ. Ôîòî ïðåäîñòàâëåíî Î. Áîðîäèíûì II Buturlinskie Chtenia. Photo from O. Borodin

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2005, 3

(7) Contact: Jim Zamora jzamora@sfchronicle.com

22 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2005 ã. äèñïåò÷åðàìè îêðóãà Àëàìåäà (ÑØÀ) ïîä äàâëåíèåì ïðîòåñòîâ ïðèðîäîîõðàííèêîâ áûëî ïðèíÿòî ïîñòàíîâëåíèå îá îñòàíîâêå 2500 âåòðÿíûõ ãåíåðàòîðîâ â Àëüòàìîíò Ïàññ íà 3 ìåñÿöà â ïåðèîä ìèãðàöèè õèùíûõ ïòèö.

Õîëìû è ãîðû Àëüòàìîíò Ïàññ – ýòî òåððèòîðèÿ, ãäå ñîõðàíÿåòñÿ êðóïíåéøàÿ â ìèðå ãíåçäîâàÿ ãðóïïèðîâêà áåðêóòîâ (Aquila chrysaetos). Âåòðîãåíåðàòîðû ðàñïîëàãàþòñÿ âäîëü òèõîîêåàíñêîãî ïðîë¸òíîãî ïóòè – ãëàâíîãî ìàðøðóòà ìèãðèðóþùèõ ñåâåðîàìåðèêàíñêèõ ïòèö. Åæåãîäíî òóò ïîãèáàåò îêîëî 4700 ïòèö, ðàçáèâàÿñü î òóðáèíû. Âåòðîãåíåðàòîðû Àëüòàìîíò Ïàññ óáèâàþò ïòèö áîëüøå, ÷åì êàêèå-ëèáî äðóãèå â ÑØÀ. Ñðåäè ïòèö ãèáíåò áîëüøîå êîëè÷åñòâî ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ, òàêèõ êàê áåðêóò, êðàñíîõâîñòûé êàíþê (Buteo jamaicensis) è íîðíûé ñû÷ (Athene cunicularia).

Ïðîë¸òíûå ïòèöû â Àëüòàìîíò Ïàññ. Ôîòî Ê. Ãîíñàëåñà The migrating birds in the Altamont Pass. Photo by Carlos Avila Gonzalez

(8) Êîíòàêò: Öûäûï Çàÿòóåâè÷ Äîðæèåâ ïðåäñåäàòåëü êîíô. ä.á.í., ïðîôåññîð Ýðäýíè Íèêîëàåâè÷ Åëàåâ çàì. ïðåäñåäàòåëÿ êîíô., ä.á.í., äîöåíò Ñâåòëàíà Ëèíõîâîåâíà Ñàíäàêîâà Ñåêðåòàðü êîíô. 670000 Ðîññèÿ Óëàí-Óäý óë. Ñìîëèíà 24à Áóðÿòñêèé ãîñóíèâåðñèòåò, êàô. çîîëîãèè òåë.: (3012) 21 03 48, (3012) 21 15 93 ôàêñ: (3012) 21 05 88 Tsydypdor@mail.ru Elaev@burnet.ru Sandsveta@mail.ru Zoolbur@mail.ru

Ñîáûòèÿ Half of the 5,000 windmills in the Altamont Pass (USA) will be closed for three months this winter to protect migratory raptors under a plan that Alameda County supervisors adopted 22 September 2005, over protests from environmentalists.

The hills and mountains near the Altamont Pass are one of the world’s largest nesting grounds for Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos), a federally protected species. The Altamont wind turbines sit along the Pacific Flyway – the main route for the winter migration of birds and kill each year about 4,700 birds. More birds are killed at Altamont Pass than any other wind-power area in the nation. These include about 500 raptors such as golden eagles, red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) and burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia), according to studies by the California Energy Commission.

Òàêèì îáðàçîì, íàìåòèëîñü ðàçðåøåíèå êîíôëèêòà, äëèâøåãîñÿ 24 ãîäà, ìåæäó ïðèðîäîîõðàííûìè îðãàíèçàöèÿìè è âëàäåëüöàìè âåòðÿíûõ ãåíåðàòîðîâ. Ñîâåò îêðóãà è âëàäåëüöû ñîãëàñèëèñü îòêëþ÷èòü ïîëîâèíó èç 5000 âåòðÿíûõ ãåíåðàòîðîâ, ÷òîáû óáåðå÷ü îò ãèáåëè ïðîë¸òíûõ ïòèö. Êîíòàêò (7). 16 ïî 19 ìàÿ 2006 ã. â ã. Óëàí-Óäý (Ðåñïóáëèêà Áóðÿòèÿ, Ðîññèÿ) áóäåò ïðîõîäèòü III Ìåæäóíàðîäíàÿ îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêàÿ êîíôåðåíöèÿ «Ñîâðåìåííûå ïðîáëåìû îðíèòîëîãèè Ñèáèðè è Öåíòðàëüíîé Àçèè». Îðãàíèçàòîðû êîíôåðåíöèè: Áóðÿòñêèé ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé óíèâåðñèòåò (ÁÃÓ), Èíñòèòóò áèîëîãèè Àêàäåìèè íàóê Ìîíãîëèè (ÈÁ ÀÍÌ), Áóðÿòñêîå îòäåëåíèå Ìåíçáèðîâñêîãî îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêîãî îáùåñòâà è Îáùåñòâåííîå ýêîëîãè÷åñêîå äâèæåíèå «Ïòèöû Ñèáèðè». Íàïðàâëåíèÿ ðàáîòû êîíôåðåíöèè: • Èñòîðèÿ è ïåðñïåêòèâû îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèõ èññëåäîâàíèé • Ìåòîäû èññëåäîâàíèé • Àíàòîìèÿ è ôèçèîëîãèÿ • Ïðîèñõîæäåíèå è ýâîëþöèÿ • Ñèñòåìàòèêà • Ôàóíà, íàñåëåíèå ïòèö, îðíèòîãåîãðàôèÿ • Ýêîëîãèÿ è ïîâåäåíèå ïòèö • Îíòîãåíåç ïòèö • Ïðàêòè÷åñêîå çíà÷åíèå, îõðàíà è óïðàâëåíèå ïîâåäåíèåì ïòèö

The move marked the first time during a 24-year dispute at the world’s largest wind farm that the county board and windmill owners have agreed to shut down some of the wind turbines to protect birds. Contact (7).

III International ornithological conference «Modern problems of ornithology in Siberia and Central Asia» is planned for 16– 19 May 2006 in Ulan-Ude (The Republic of Buryatia, Russia). Organizers: State University of Buryatia (BSU), Institute of Biology AS of Mongolia, department of Menzbirovskoe Ornithological Society (MOS) in Buryatia and «Birds of Siberia». The following problems will be sounded: • History and future of ornithological researches • Methods of researches • Anatomy and physiology • Origin and evolution • Systematic • Fauna, distribution and number of birds • Ecology and behavior of birds • Ontogenesis of birds

Events (8) Contact: Prof. Dr. Tsydyp Z. Dorzhiyev Chairman of the Conference, Dr. Erdeni N. Yelayev Vice-chairman of the Conference, Svetlana L. Sandakova Secretary of the Conference Buruat State University Department of zoology Smolina str., 24a Ulan-Ude Russia 670000 tel.: (3012) 21 03 48, (3012) 21 15 93 fax: (3012) 21 05 88 tsydypdor@mail.ru elaev@burnet.ru sandsveta@mail.ru zoolbur@mail.ru

Raptors Conservation 2005, 3 • Ãóìàíèòàðíî-ñîöèàëüíûå àñïåêòû îðíèòîëîãèè. Æåëàþùèì ïðèíÿòü ó÷àñòèå â ðàáîòå êîíôåðåíöèè äî 15 ôåâðàëÿ 2006 ã. íåîáõîäèìî âûñëàòü òåçèñû äîêëàäîâ ïî ïî÷òå íà äèñêåòàõ (ñ ïðèëîæåíèåì ðàñïå÷àòêè òåêñòà â 1 ýêç.) èëè â ýëåêòðîííîì âèäå ïî àäðåñàì, óêàçàííûì â êîíòàêòàõ (8). Äëÿ ñâîåâðåìåííîé ïîäãîòîâêè è ïóáëèêàöèè ìàòåðèàëîâ êîíôåðåíöèè è âîçìåùåíèÿ ïî÷òîâûõ ðàñõîäîâ íåîáõîäèìî äî 15 ôåâðàëÿ 2006 ã. ïåðåâåñòè îðãàíèçàöèîííûé âçíîñ, êîòîðûé ñîñòàâëÿåò äëÿ îðíèòîëîãîâ Ðîññèè, ñòðàí ÑÍÃ è Ìîíãîëèè – 300 ðóá. èëè 10 åâðî, äëÿ àñïèðàíòîâ è ñòóäåíòîâ – 100 ðóá. èëè 3 åâðî, äëÿ îðíèòîëîãîâ äðóãèõ ñòðàí – 50 åâðî çà îäèí äîêëàä íà ïî÷òîâûé àäðåñ, óêàçàííûé â êîíòàêòàõ. Êîíòàêò (8).

Îáú¸ì òåçèñîâ – íå áîëåå 3 ñòðàíèö; òåêñò äîëæåí áûòü íàáðàí â ðåäàêòîðå Microsoft Win Word (øðèôò 10 – Times New Roman Cyr, ôîðìàòà À5, ðàçìåð àáçàöíîãî îòñòóïà 1.25, ìåæñòðî÷íûé èíòåðâàë – îäèíàðíûé), ÿçûê – ðóññêèé, àíãëèéñêèé, íåìåöêèé. Âûñëàííûå ñòàòüè è òåñòû ðåäàêòèðîâàòüñÿ íå áóäóò. Íàçâàíèå äîêëàäà äîëæíî áûòü íàáðàíî çàãëàâíûìè áóêâàìè, æèðíûì øðèôòîì, 10 êåãëü. È.Î. Ôàìèëèÿ – ÷åðåç èíòåðâàë ïîñëå íàçâàíèÿ, ñòðî÷íûìè áóêâàìè, æèðíûì øðèôòîì, 10 êåãëü. Íàçâàíèå îðãàíèçàöèè, èíäåêñ, ãîðîä, ïî÷òîâûé àäðåñ, òåë., Å-mail – ñòðî÷íûìè áóêâàìè, êóðñèâîì, 10 êåãëü. Àííîòàöèÿ íà àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå ïðèâîäèòñÿ äëÿ òåçèñîâ íà ðóññêîì ÿçûêå (ñ óêàçàíèåì íàçâàíèÿ äîêëàäà, È.Î.Ô. è îñíîâíîãî ñîäåðæàíèÿ íå áîëåå 10 ñòðîê, ñòðî÷íûìè áóêâàìè, 10 êåãëü). Äëÿ òåçèñîâ íà àíãëèéñêîì è íåìåöêîì ÿçûêàõ – àííîòàöèÿ íà ðóññêîì ÿçûêå. Ê òåçèñàì íåîáõîäèìî ïðèëîæèòü èíôîðìàöèþ îá àâòîðå(àõ) (Ô.È.Î. ïîëíîñòüþ, ó÷¸íàÿ ñòåïåíü è çâàíèå, ìåñòî ðàáîòû è äîëæíîñòü, àäðåñ, òåëåôîí, ýëåêòðîííàÿ ïî÷òà).

• Practical significance, conservation and management of birds behavior • Humanitarian and social aspects of ornithology Russian is the official language of the conference. For participation in the conference abstracts must be submitted by post on an IBM-compatible 3,5» floppy disk (together with one hard-copy printout) or by e-mail at contact address (8). The registration fee for participants from Russia, ñountries former USSR and Mongolia is 300 rubles or 10 euro, for students and post-graduates – 100 rubles or 10 euro, for participants from other countries – 50 euro for 1 report. It must be sent at contact address by post. The deadline for submission of Abstracts and registration fee is 15 February 2006. Contact (8).

Guidelines for Contributors: Volume of Abstracts must not more than 3 pages. Papers must be in MS Word (font 10 – Times New Roman Cyr, format À5, size of tabulation – 1.25, interval – single), language – Russian, English, and German. Submissions aren’t reviewed. The title of Abstracts should be given in capital letters and bold-face (in 10 points Times New Roman font). Name and surname should be in small letters and bold-face (in 10 points) after the title through the interval. Organization, index, city, post address, phone, e-mail should be in small letters and italic (10 points). Abstract in English should be not more than 10 lines for papers in Russian (with the title of report, name) in small letters (10 points). Abstracts in Russian should be for papers in English and German. Also information about the author(ah) (name, scientific degree, place of work and job title, address, phone, e-mail) should be send with Abstracts.

Falcons and SITES НОВОСТИ СИТЕС 20–21 ìàÿ 2005 ã. â ã. Æåíåâå (Øâåéöàðèÿ) ïðîøëî 21-å ñîáðàíèå Êîìèòåòà ïî æèâîòíûì ÑÈÒÅÑ. Êîìèòåò ïî æèâîòíûì (AC – 21) îáñóäèë 23 ïóíêòà ïîâåñòêè äíÿ, â òîì ÷èñëå îáçîð ïî òîðãîâëå âèäàìè æèâîòíûõ, âêëþ÷¸ííûõ â ïðèëîæåíèÿ, è îáçîð çíà÷åíèÿ òîðãîâëè äëÿ âèäîâ èç Ïðèëîæåíèÿ II. Ñåêðåòàðèàò ïðåäëîæèë ó÷àñòíèêàì ñôîêóñèðîâàòü âíèìàíèå íà ñòàòóñå âèäîâ,

The 21st meeting of the Animals Committee (AC–21) of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) convened from 20– 25 May 2005, in Geneva, Switzerland. The Animals Committee (AC) discussed 23 agenda items on issues including the review of trade in animal species included in the Appendices and significant trade in Appendix II species.

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2005, 3

(9) Contact: CITES Secretariat International Environment House Chemin des Anemones CH–1219 Chatelaine Geneva Switzerland tel.: (+4122) 917 81 39 fax: (+4122) 797 34 17 cites@unep.ch http://www.cites.org

âûáðàííûõ äëÿ îáçîðà íà ïðîøëûõ âñòðå÷àõ, â òîì ÷èñëå íà ñòàòóñå ñîêîëà-áàëîáàíà (Falco cherrug). Ñåêðåòàðèàò ïîä÷åðêíóë, ÷òî ãîñóäàðñòâàì, ëåæàùèì â àðåàëå áàëîáàíà, íåîáõîäèìî ïîä÷èíèòüñÿ ðåêîìåíäàöèÿì äî ñåíòÿáðÿ 2005 ã. Ó÷àñòíèêè ñîáðàíèÿ ïðèíÿëè âî âíèìàíèå ñèòóàöèþ â ñòðàíàõ, êîòîðûå íå ïðåäîñòàâèëè èíôîðìàöèþ ïî òîðãîâëå ëèáî ïðåäîñòàâèëè íåäîñòàòî÷íûå äàííûå ïî ýòîìó âîïðîñó, è ñîãëàñîâàëè ñïèñîê ñòðàí è âèäîâ, êîòîðûå íåîáõîäèìî âêëþ÷èòü â ñëåäóþùèé ýòàï ïðîöåññà. Ïðåäñåäàòåëü ïðåäñòàâèë ñëåäóþùèå ðåêîìåíäàöèè: • çàïðîñèòü ñòðàíû, îïðåäåë¸ííûå êàê ñòðàíû «ñèëüíîãî áåñïîêîéñòâà», ÷òîáû íàâÿçàòü íóëåâóþ êâîòó äëÿ áàëîáàíà (Èðàí, Êàçàõñòàí, Êèðãèçèÿ, Ìîíãîëèÿ, Ïàêèñòàí, Ðîññèÿ, Ñàóäîâñêàÿ Àðàâèÿ, Òóðêìåíèÿ è Óçáåêèñòàí); • çàïðîñèòü ñòðàíû «âîçìîæíîãî áåñïîêîéñòâà», êîòîðûå íå ïðåäîñòàâèëè èíôîðìàöèè ïî òîðãîâëå è ðàçâåäåíèþ â íåâîëå; • èñêëþ÷èòü ñòðàíû «íàèìåíüøåãî áåñïîêîéñòâà» èç îáçîðà. Ñåêðåòàðèàò ïðåäóïðåäèë î çàïðîñàõ èíôîðìàöèè ïî ðàçâåäåíèþ ïòèö â íåâîëå äëÿ òîãî, ÷òîáû îòñëåäèòü ïðîèñõîæäåíèå ñîêîëîâ â ðàìêàõ RST ïðîöåññà, ïîñêîëüêó ýòîò ïðîöåññ íå èìååò äåëî ñ íåëåãàëüíîé òîðãîâëåé. Åâðîïà è ÎÀÝ îòìåòèëè, ÷òî Êîìèòåòó ïî æèâîòíûì íåîáõîäèìî èìåòü èíôîðìàöèþ ïî ðàçâåäåíèþ â íåâîëå äëÿ òîãî, ÷òîáû ïðîâîäèòü ïîëíîöåííûé îáçîð. Êîìèòåò ïðèíÿë ýòè ðåêîìåíäàöèè ñ íåçíà÷èòåëüíûìè ïîïðàâêàìè è âûðàçèë áåñïîêîéñòâî ïî ïîâîäó äèêèõ æèâîòíûõ, ýêñïîðòèðóåìûõ êàê «âûâåäåííûå â íåâîëå», ñîãëàñíî èíôîðìàöèè îïåðàòèâíîé ãðóïïû ÑÈÒÅÑ ïî ñîêîëàì. Íà îòâåòû ñòðàí îòíîñèòåëüíî ñóáúåêòà âèäà â îáçîðå, ïðåäñåäàòåëü âûðàçèë îáùåå áåñïîêîéñòâî íåäîñòàòêîì îòâåòîâ ìíîãèõ ñòðàí è ïðåäñòàâëåííîì ñïèñêå âèäîâ è ñòðàí, êîòîðûå äîëæíû áûòü âêëþ÷åíû â ñëåäóþùèå ýòàïû. Îí îòìåòèë, ÷òî ñòðàíû, êîòîðûå íå îáåñïå÷èëè òðåáóåìóþ èíôîðìàöèþ, íå èñêëþ÷åíû èç RST. Êîíòàêò (9). 27 èþíÿ–1 èþëÿ 2005 ã. â ã. Æåíåâå (Øâåéöàðèÿ) ïðîøëà 53-ÿ âñòðå÷à Ïîñòîÿííîãî Êîìèòåòà ÑÈÒÅÑ, íà êîòîðîé îáñóæäàëèñü âîïðîñû, ñâÿçàííûå ñ òîðãîâëåé ñîêîëàìè äëÿ íóæä ñîêîëèíîé îõîòû. Èòîãîâûé äîêóìåíò âñòðå÷è îïóáëèêîâàí íà ñòð. 16–17 (Ðåçîëþöèÿ)9. Êîíòàêò (9).

www.cites.org/eng/com/SC/53/E53–22.pdf

Ñîáûòèÿ The Secretariat updated participants on the status of species selected for review at past meetings including the Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug). The Secretariat stressed that the deadline for range States to comply with recommendations is September 2005. They considered the situation of countries that had not replied and whose trade data were insufficient and agreed on a list of countries and species to be included in the next stage of the process. The Chairman presented recommendations to: • request countries categorized as «of urgent concern» to impose a zero quota for Saker Falcon (Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, the Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan); • request those of «possible concern» that have not replied, to provide trade statistics and details on captive breeding facilities; • exclude countries of «least concern» from the review. The Secretariat cautioned about requesting information on breeding facilities in order to track the origin of falcons within the RST process, since this process does not deal with illegal trade. Europe and the United Arab Emirates stressed the need for the AC to have information on breeding facilities in order to conduct a well-informed review. The AC adopted these recommendations with a minor amendment, and decided to communicate concern on wild specimens being exported as captive bred to the CITES Falcons Enforcement Task Force. On country replies regarding species subject to review, Chair Althaus conveyed the group’s concern about the lack of replies by many countries and presented a list of species and countries that would be included in the next stages. He noted that countries that had not provided the required information were not excluded from the RST. Contact (9). The fifty-third meeting of the Standing Committee ÑITES on the 27 June–1 July 2005, Geneva Switzerland. In the due course of the meeting the problems of trade in falcons for falconry were discussed. The final document from meeting is given on the pages 16–17 (ôàéë ÑÈÒÅÑ ìèòèíã.doc)9. Contact (9).

Events

Raptors Conservation 2005, 3

Â èþëå-ñåíòÿáðå 2006 ã. áóäåò ïðîâîäèòüñÿ 22-å ñîáðàíèå Êîìèòåòà ïî æèâîòíûì ÑÈÒÅÑ. Òî÷íàÿ äàòà ïðîâåäåíèÿ ñîáðàíèÿ áóäåò îïðåäåëåíà ïîçæå. Áîëüøå èíôîðìàöèè ìîæíî ïîëó÷èòü â Ñåêðåòàðèàòå ÑÈÒÅÑ. Êîíòàêò (9).

22-th meeting of the CITES Animals Committee (AC–22) will be held backto-back between July and September 2006, at a venue to be confirmed. For more information, contact: CITES Secretariat. Contact (9).

Â ìàðòå-ìàå 2007 ã. â Ãîëëàíäèè áóäåò ïðîâîäèòüñÿ ×åòûðíàäöàòàÿ êîíôåðåíöèÿ ó÷àñòíèêîâ ÑÈÒÅÑ (COP–14). Òî÷íàÿ äàòà ïðîâåäåíèÿ êîíôåðåíöèè áóäåò îïðåäåëåíà ïîçæå. Áîëüøå èíôîðìàöèè ìîæíî ïîëó÷èòü â Ñåêðåòàðèàòå ÑÈÒÅÑ. Êîíòàêò (9).

Fourteenth Conference of the Parties to CITES (COP–14) will take place in the Netherlands between March and May 2007. For more information, contact: CITES Secretariat. Contact (9).

Contraband of falcons КОНТРАБАНДА СОКОЛОВ (10) Êîíòàêò: Àëåêñàíäð Ìàëèê ïðåññ-ñëóæáà Ñèáèðñêîé îïåðàòèâíîé òàìîæíè Íîâîñèáèðñê Ðîññèÿ òåë.: (383) 359 98 87 amalik@mail.customs.ru Ýëüâèðà Íèêîëåíêî ÌÁÎÎ «Ñèáèðñêèé ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð» 630090 Ðîññèÿ Íîâîñèáèðñê à/ÿ 547 òåë./ôàêñ: (383) 339 78 85 nikolenko@ecoclub.nsu.ru (10) Contact: Alexandr Malik press-cutting service of Siberia operational custom Novosibirsk, Russia òåë.: (383) 359 98 87 amalik@mail.customs.ru Elvira Nikolenko NGO Siberian Enviromental Center P.O. Box 547 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia tel./fax: (3833) 39 78 85 nikolenko@ecoclub.nsu.ru

18 àâãóñòà 2005 ã. â ðåçóëüòàòå îïåðàòèâíî-ðîçûñêíûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé ñîòðóäíèêè Ãîðíî-Àëòàéñêîé òàìîæíè ñîâìåñòíî ñ ïîãðàíè÷íèêàìè ïðåñåêëè ïîïûòêó íåçàêîííîãî ïåðåìåùåíèÿ èç Ìîíãîëèè íà òåððèòîðèþ Ðîññèè 19 áàëîáàíîâ (Falco cherrug)10. Ìóæ÷èíà ñðåäíèõ ëåò, ãðàæäàíèí Ðîññèè, íàðóøèë ãîñóäàðñòâåííóþ ãðàíèöó è ñêðûòíî ïåðåø¸ë íà ðîññèéñêóþ òåððèòîðèþ ñî ñòîðîíû Ìîíãîëèè â ðàéîíå Òàøàíòèíñêîãî ïîñòà Ãîðíî-Àëòàéñêîé òàìîæíè è â ðåçóëüòàòå áûë çàäåðæàí îïåðàòèâíîé ãðóïïîé. Â õîäå äîñìîòðà åãî ëè÷íûõ âåùåé áûëè îáíàðóæåíû 19 ñîêîëîâ-áàëîáàíîâ. Ïòèöû íàõîäèëèñü â 5 êîðîáêàõ èç-ïîä áàíàíîâ, â êîòîðûõ áûëè ïðîäåëàíû âåíòèëÿöèîííûå îòâåðñòèÿ. Íà ïòèö áûëè íàäåòû êëîáó÷êè, ëàïû áûëè ñâÿçàíû âåðåâêîé. Â íàñòîÿùèé ìîìåíò ñîòðóäíèêàìè òàìîæíè ïðîâîäÿòñÿ äàëüíåéøèå îïåðàòèâíî-ñëåäñòâåííûå ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ, óñòàíàâëèâàþòñÿ ñîîáùíèêè çàäåðæàííîãî è äàëüíåéøèé ìàðøðóò òðàíñïîðòèðîâêè ïòèö. Ïî äàííîìó ôàêòó âîçáóæäåíî óãîëîâíîå äåëî ïî ñòàòüå 188 ÓÊ ÐÔ – «êîíòðàáàíäà». Â ìîìåíò çàäåðæàíèÿ êîíòðàáàíäèñòà òðè ïòèöû îêàçàëèñü ïîãèáøèìè – ïî ïðåäâàðèòåëüíîìó çàêëþ÷åíèþ ìåñòíîãî îðíèòîëîãà ïòèöû íå âûäåðæàëè ñòðåññà ïðè òðàíñïîðòèðîâêå. 11 ïòèö áûëè âûïóùåíû íà âîëþ ÷åðåç íåñêîëüêî äíåé ïîñëå

Employees of Gorno-Altaisk Customs with frontiersmen stopped an attempt of illegal transporting 19 Sakers (Falco cherrug) from Mongolia on territory of Russia on the 18 of August 200510. The man, person of Russia, has crossed a state border from Mongolia to Russia in the region of Tashatinskiy post of Gorno-Altaisk Customs and as a result was arrested. Conducting a search of his staff 19 Sakers were found. Birds were in 5 boxes. Now employees of customs conduct the investigation. A criminal action was brought on the article 188 of CC RF – «contraband». At a moment of the arrest of smuggler three birds were dead. 11 birds were set free after several days after the arrest. 5 falcons,

16 áàëîáàíîâ (Falco cherrug), ðåêâèçèðîâàííûõ òàìîæíåé â Ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé. Ôîòî ïðåäîñòàâëåíî Ñèáèðñêîé îïåðàòèâíîé òàìîæíåé. 16 Sakers (Falco cherrug) confiscated by customs in the Altai Republic. Photo from Siberian operative customs.

http://www.ecoclub.nsu.ru/

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2005, 3

Ñîáûòèÿ which did not be able to fly, were transported to Barnaul in The Center for Breeding of the Rare Birds «Altai-Falcon». In September our special correspondent, Elvira Nikolenko has visited the center: condition of impounding birds came in well; they were ready to set free. Will falcons set free in the future or stay in the center? It’s unknown, since these birds are necessary as material evidence in the lawsuit. Contact (10). Áàëîáàí, îòïóùåííûé íà âîëþ ó ãðàíèöû ñ Ìîíãîëèåé. Ôîòî ïðåäîñòàâëåíî Ñèáèðñêîé îïåðàòèâíîé òàìîæíåé

Òðàíñïîðòèðîâêà ðåêâèçèðîâàííûõ ïòèö. Ôîòî ïðåäîñòàâëåíî Ñèáèðñêîé îïåðàòèâíîé òàìîæíåé

The Saker Falcon has being freed near the border with Mongolia. Photo from Siberian operative customs

Transporting of confiscated birds. Photo from Siberian operative customs

çàäåðæàíèÿ. 5 îáåññèëèâøèõ ñîêîëîâ, êîòîðûå íå ñìîãëè óëåòåòü, áûëè ïåðåïðàâëåíû â ã. Áàðíàóë, â ïèòîìíèê ïî ðàçâåäåíèþ ðåäêèõ ïòèö «Àëòàé-Ôàëêîí». Â ñåðåäèíå ñåíòÿáðÿ íàø ñïåöèàëüíûé êîððåñïîíäåíò, Ýëüâèðà Íèêîëåíêî, ïîñåòèëà ïèòîìíèê: ñîñòîÿíèå ðåêâèçèðîâàííûõ ïòèö áûëî õîðîøåå, îíè áûëè ãîòîâû ê âûïóñêó íà âîëþ. Íî áóäóò ëè îíè îòïóùåíû â áëèæàéøåå âðåìÿ èëè îñòàíóòñÿ íà ñîäåðæàíèè â ïèòîìíèêå – ïîêà íå èçâåñòíî, òàê êàê ýòè ïòèöû íåîáõîäèìû â êà÷åñòâå âåùåñòâåííîãî äîêàçàòåëüñòâà â ñóäåáíîì ïðîöåññå. Êîíòàêò (10).

CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA Fifty-third meeting of the Standing Committee Geneva (Switzerland), 27 June – 1 July 2005. Interpretation and implementation of the Convention ÊÎÍÂÅÍÖÈß ÏÎ ÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÎÉ ÒÎÐÃÎÂËÅ ÂÈÄÀÌÈ ÄÈÊÎÉ ÔÀÓÍÛ È ÔËÎÐÛ, ÍÀÕÎÄßÙÈÌÈÑß ÏÎÄ ÓÃÐÎÇÎÉ ÈÑ×ÅÇÍÎÂÅÍÈß Ïÿòüäåñÿò òðåòüÿ âñòðå÷à Ïîñòîÿííîãî Êîìèòåòà â ã. Æåíåâå (Øâåéöàðèÿ), 27 èþíÿ – 1 èþëÿ 2005 ã. Èíòåðïðåòàöèÿ è ðåàëèçàöèÿ Êîíâåíöèè Òîðãîâëÿ ñîêîëàìè äëÿ ñîêîëèíîé îõîòû (SC53 Äîê. 22)9. 1. Ýòîò äîêóìåíò ïîäãîòîâëåí Ñåêðåòàðèàòîì ÑÈÒÅÑ. Ïðåäûñòîðèÿ 2. Íà ñâîåé 51-é âñòðå÷å (ã. Áàíãêîê, îêòÿáðü, 2004 ã.) Ïîñòîÿííûé Êîìèòåò îòìåòèë ñîîáùåíèå Ñåêðåòàðèàòà (äîêóìåíò SC51 äîê. 13) ïî òîðãîâëå ñîêîëàìè äëÿ ñîêîëèíîé îõîòû. Äîêóìåíò ñîäåðæàë ïðåäëîæåíèå îá ó÷ðåæäåíèè Îïåðàòèâíîé Ãðóïïû ÑÈÒÅÑ (CITES Enforcement Task Force) äëÿ îöåíêè íåëåãàëüíîé òîðãîâëè ñîêîëàìè. Ïî-

Trade in falcons for falconry (SC53 Doc. 22)9 . 1. This document has been prepared by the Secretariat CITES. Background 2. At its 51st meeting (Bangkok, October 2004), the Standing Committee noted a report from the Secretariat (document SC51 Doc. 13) on the trade in falcons for falconry. The document included a suggestion that a CITES Enforcement Task Force be established to examine illicit trade in falcons. The Standing Committee expressed general sup-

Events

ñòîÿííûé Êîìèòåò âûðàçèë îáùóþ ïîääåðæêó ýòîãî ïðåäëîæåíèÿ, íî îòëîæèë ïðèíÿòèå ðåøåíèÿ äî îáùåé êîíôåðåíöèè, ÷òîáû ñòðàíû ÑÈÒÅÑ èìåëè âîçìîæíîñòü îáñóäèòü îáùóþ êîíöåïöèþ ó÷ðåæäåíèÿ ñïåöèàëüíîé Îïåðàòèâíîé Ãðóïïû. 3. Íà ñâîåé 13-îé âñòðå÷å (CoP13, ã. Áàíãêîê, îêòÿáðü 2004 ã.) êîíôåðåíöèÿ ñòðàí ÑÈÒÅÑ ïîäòâåðäèëà ðåêîìåíäàöèè ýêñïåðòíîé ãðóïïû ÑÈÒÅÑ è Ñåêðåòàðèàòà (îïèñàííûå ïîäðîáíî â äîêóìåíòå CoÐ13 äîê. 23), ïî ó÷ðåæäåíèþ îïåðàòèâíîé ãðóïïû, êîòîðàÿ ñôîêóñèðóåòñÿ íà ïðîâåäåíèè ðåøåíèé, ñâÿçàííûõ ñ òîðãîâëåé ñîêîëàìè äëÿ íóæä ñîêîëèíîé îõîòû. Ýòà êîíöåïöèÿ ñåé÷àñ âêëþ÷åíà â ðåçîëþöèþ êîíô. 11.3 (Rev. CoP13) (Ñîãëàñèå è ïðèíóæäåíèå). Ñåêðåòàðèàò îçàäà÷èëñÿ êîîðäèíèðîâàíèåì ðàáîòû òàêîé îïåðàòèâíîé ãðóïïû è ðåøèë ïåðåäàòü ðóêîâîäñòâî å¸ ðàáîòîé Ïîñòîÿííîìó Êîìèòåòó äëÿ òîãî, ÷òîáû îïðåäåëèòü ñóáúåêòû, êîòîðûå äîëæíû áûòü ïðîâåðåíû, è îáëàñòü êîìïåòåíöèè îïåðàòèâíîé ãðóïïû. Ñîâðåìåííàÿ äåÿòåëüíîñòü 4. Â îòâåò íà ñîîáùåíèÿ î ïðîäîëæàþùåéñÿ çíà÷èòåëüíîé íåëåãàëüíîé òîðãîâëå, à òàê æå â îòâåò íà âûðàæåíèå èíòåðåñà ñòðàíàìè ÑÈÒÅÑ, â äåêàáðå 2004 ã. Ñåêðåòàðèàò çàïðîñèë îäîáðåíèå ÷ëåíîâ Ïîñòîÿííîãî Êîìèòåòà ïî ïðîäîëæåíèþ ñîçûâà îïåðàòèâíîé ãðóïïû ïî ñîêîëàì (FETF) ÑÈÒÅÑ. Íèêàêèå âîçðàæåíèÿ ïî ýòîìó ïðåäëîæåíèþ íå áûëè ïîëó÷åíû. 5. Ñåêðåòàðèàò âïîñëåäñòâèè íàïèñàë îäíîé èç ñòðàí â íàäåæäå, ÷òî îíà âûñòóïèò â êà÷åñòâå ãëàâíîé â îðãàíèçàöèè îïåðàòèâíîé ãðóïïû, íî îòâåò ïîêà åù¸ íå ïîëó÷åí. Ïîêà ãëàâíàÿ ñòðàíà íå îïðåäåëèëàñü, Ñåêðåòàðèàò íå â ñîñòîÿíèè îïðåäåëèòü áþäæåò äëÿ òàêîé ãðóïïû èëè íàéòè àññèãíîâàíèÿ. Îæèäàåòñÿ, ÷òî ìíîãèå ñòðàíû, êîòîðûå äîëæíû áûòü ïðåäñòàâëåíû â îïåðàòèâíîé ãðóïïå, ïîòðåáóþò äëÿ ó÷àñòèÿ ôèíàíñîâóþ ïîääåðæêó. 6. Ñåêðåòàðèàò òàêæå ó÷ò¸ò ðàáîòó Êîìèòåòà ïî æèâîòíûì ïî îáçîðó òîðãîâëè áàëîáàíàìè â ðàìêàõ Îáçîðà ïî Çíà÷èòåëüíîé Òîðãîâëå. Ðåêîìåíäàöèè Ñåêðåòàðèàò ðåêîìåíäóåò Ïîñòîÿííîìó Êîìèòåòó ïðèãëàñèòü ñòðàíû ÑÈÒÅÑ íà äîáðîâîëüíûõ íà÷àëàõ âûñòóïèòü â êà÷åñòâå êîîðäèíàòîðà äëÿ ñîáðàíèÿ îïåðàòèâíîé ãðóïïû è ïîääåðæèâàåò äîíîðîâ â ñîäåéñòâèè ýòîé èíèöèàòèâû. Ñåêðåòàðèàò ïîäãîòîâèë ïðîåêòíûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ îòíîñèòåëüíî ðàáîòû è ìîæåò èõ ïðåäñòàâèòü çàèíòåðåñîâàííûì ñòðàíàì. Îí ïîä÷åðêèâàåò, îäíàêî, ÷òî ÷ðåçâû÷àéíî òðóäíî îöåíèòü ñòîèìîñòü òàêîãî ñîáðàíèÿ, ïîêà ãëàâíàÿ ñòðàíà íå îïðåäåëèòñÿ.

Raptors Conservation 2005, 3

port for the suggestion but deferred any decision until the Conference of the Parties had had an opportunity to discuss the general concept of establishing ad hoc task forces. 3. At its 13th meeting (CoP13 Bangkok, October 2004) the Conference of the Parties endorsed a recommendation from the CITES Enforcement Expert Group and the Secretariat (described in greater detail in document CoP13 Doc. 23) that ad hoc task forces be established to focus on enforcement related issues as and when they were required. This concept is now included in Resolution Conf. 11.3 (Rev. CoP13) (Compliance and enforcement). 4. The Secretariat is tasked with coordinating the work of such task forces and is directed to work with the Standing Committee to determine the subjects to be examined and the terms of reference for task forces. Recent activities 5. In response to reports of continuing significant illicit trade in falcons and expressions of concern by Parties, the Secretariat wrote to members of the Standing Committee in December 2004 and sought their approval to proceed to convene a CITES Falcon Enforcement Task Force. No objections to this proposal were received. 6. The Secretariat subsequently wrote to one Party that it believed might be willing to act as the host country for a task force meeting but it has yet to receive a response. Until a host country can be identified, the Secretariat is unable to create a budget for such a meeting or seek funding. It is expected that many of the Parties that should be represented in the Task Force will require financial support to participate. 7. The Secretariat will also take account of the work being done by the Animals Committee in relation to the review of trade in specimens of Falco cherrug under the Review of Significant Trade. Recommendation 8. The Secretariat recommends that the Standing Committee invite Parties to volunteer to host the task force meeting and that it encourage donors to contribute to this initiative. The Secretariat has prepared a project proposal in relation to this work and can make it available to interested Parties. It emphasizes, however, that it is extremely difficult to estimate costs for such a meeting until the host country is identified.

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2005, 3

Ïðîáëåìà íîìåðà

Problem of Number ПРОБЛЕМА НОМЕРА Altai Kray: the future of the largest raptorial diversity hotspots depends on urgent conservation measures АЛТАЙСКИЙ КРАЙ – БУДУЩЕЕ ОДНОГО ИЗ КРУПНЕЙШИХ РОССИЙСКИХ ОЧАГОВ РАЗНООБРАЗИЯ ПЕРНАТЫХ ХИЩНИКОВ ЗАВИСИТ ОТ ПРИРОДООХРАННЫХ МЕР I.E. Smelansky (NGO Siberian Enviromental Center, Novosibirsk Russia) И.Э. Смелянс ий (МБОО «Сибирс ий э оло ичес ий центр», Новосибирс , Россия) Êîíòàêò: Èëüÿ Ñìåëÿíñêèé ÌÁÎÎ «Ñèáèðñêèé ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð» 630090 Ðîññèÿ Íîâîñèáèðñê à/ÿ 547 òåë./ôàêñ: (383) 339 78 85 ilya@ecoclub.nsu.ru Contact: Ilya Smelansky NGO Siberian Enviromental Center P.O. Box 547 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia tel./fax: (383) 339 78 85 ilya@ecoclub.nsu.ru

Àëòàéñêèé êðàé ëåæèò íà ñòûêå ÇàïàäíîÑèáèðñêîé ðàâíèíû è Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîé ãîðíîé îáëàñòè, ïðîñòèðàÿñü áîëåå ÷åì íà 350 êì ñ ñåâåðà íà þã è äî 500 êì ñ çàïàäà íà âîñòîê è çàíèìàÿ îêîëî 164 òûñ. êì2. Äàæå ïîñëå òîãî, êàê îò êðàÿ áûëà îòäåëåíà Ðåñïóáëèêà Àëòàé, îõâàòûâàþùàÿ îñíîâíûå ãîðíûå ìàññèâû Ðóññêîãî Àëòàÿ, ýòà òåððèòîðèÿ îòëè÷àåòñÿ ðàçíîîáðàçèåì è êîíòðàñòíîñòüþ ëàíäøàôòîâ. Âñÿ ðàâíèííàÿ ÷àñòü êðàÿ è ïîëîñà ïðåäãîðèé Àëòàÿ îòíîñÿòñÿ ê ñòåïíîé çîíå (âêëþ÷àÿ â íå¸ ëåñîñòåïü). Â ïðåäåëàõ ýòîé çîíû åñòü êðóïíûå èíòðàçîíàëüíûå ëåñíûå ìàññèâû – ëåíòî÷íûå è ïðèîáñêèå ñîñíîâûå áîðû. Íèçêîãîðüÿ è ñðåäíåãîðüÿ Àëòàÿ è õîëìû Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà íà âîñòîêå êðàÿ – ýòî îáëàñòü âûñîòíîé ïîÿñíîñòè. Â íèæíåì ïîÿñå çäåñü òàêæå âñþäó ïðåäñòàâëåíû ñòåïü è ëåñîñòåïü, à âûøå ðàñïîëîæåíû ãîðíûå ëåñà, ñðåäè êîòîðûõ ïðåîáëàäàåò «÷åðíü». Âåðõíÿÿ ãðàíèöà ëåñà â ïðåäåëàõ êðàÿ äîñòèãàåòñÿ íà âåðøèíàõ íåñêîëüêèõ õðåáòîâ, ãäå ðàçâèòû ãîëüöîâûå ëàíäøàôòû ñ àëüïèéñêèìè è ñóáàëüïèéñêèìè ëóãàìè è ãîðíîé òóíäðîé. Áëàãîäàðÿ ðàçíîîáðàçèþ ñâîèõ ëàíäøàôòîâ, Àëòàéñêèé êðàé îáëàäàåò òàêæå íàèáîëüøèì â Çàïàäíîé Ñèáèðè áèîðàçíîîáðàçèåì, êàê íà óðîâíå ñîîáùåñòâ, òàê è íà óðîâíå ôëîðû è ôàóíû.

Àëòàéñêèé êðàé îòëè÷àåòñÿ ðàçíîîáðàçèåì è êîíòðàñòíîñòüþ ëàíäøàôòîâ. Ôîòî È. Ñìåëÿíñêîãî The Altai Kray is covered by a variety of landscapes. Photo by I. Smelansky

The Altai Kray (Province) occupies the border between the West-Siberian plain and Altai-Sayan mountain regions and covers 164000 êì2. The territory is covered by a variety of landscapes ranging from plains and plateaus to steep mountains and from taiga forest to arid steppes. The entire plain part of the Kray and the foothills belt lie within the steppe zone. Within this zone there are large patches of pine forests. The foothills of the Altay Mountains and the Salair Range are occupied by steppe and forest-steppe, and the upper parts are covered with wet aspen-fir forests. Due to the abundance of a variety of landscapes, the Altai Kray accommodates the largest amount of biodiversity in West Siberia. Virtually all of these ecosystems have the large viable populations of birds of prey, including rare and threatened species. The foothills accommodate a large proportion of the breeding habitat of the Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis) and nesting on cliffs for the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) and the Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug). The

Problem of Number

Raptors Conservation 2005, 3

Àëòàéñêèé êðàé – óíèêàëüíûé ðåãèîí â Ðîññèè ïî ïðåäñòàâëåííîñòè è ñòåïåíè ñîõðàííîñòè ýêîñèñòåì. Ñòåïíûå ïðåäãîðüÿ Àëòàÿ – îäèí èç êðóïíåéøèõ â ñòðàíå ñòåïíûõ ðåôóãèóìîâ. Õîòÿ íà áîëüøåé ÷àñòè òåððèòîðèè êðàÿ ñòåïè ðàñïàõàíû, â 5 ïðåäãîðíî-ñòåïíûõ ðàéîíàõ ñîõðàíåíû íå ìåíåå 15 êðóïíûõ ñòåïíûõ ìàññèâîâ, áîëüøèíñòâî êîòîðûõ ïðåâûøàþò 3000 ãà, à îáùàÿ ïëîùàäü ñòåïåé â ýòèõ ðàéîíàõ ïðåâûøàåò 400 òûñ. ãà. Õàðàêòåðíåéøàÿ ÷åðòà êðàÿ – ëåíòî÷íûå áîðû. Ýòîò òèï ëåñíîãî ëàíäøàôòà íå âñòðå÷àåòñÿ áîëüøå íèãäå â Ðîññèè (ïðåäñòàâëåí åù¸ â Êàçàõñòàíå), ýòî îäèí èç êðóïíåéøèõ â ñòðàíå ìàññèâîâ ñòåïíûõ áîðîâ. Â ïðåäåëû êðàÿ ïðàêòè÷åñêè ïîëíîñòüþ ïîïàäàþò òðè áîðîâûõ ëåíòû (Áàðíàóëüñêàÿ, Êàñìàëèíñêàÿ è Êóëóíäèíñêàÿ), ãäå ëåñîì ïîêðûòî îêîëî 842 òûñ. ãà, èç êîòîðûõ ïî÷òè 80 % ïðèõîäèòñÿ íà ñîñíîâûå äðåâîñòîè. «Îñòðîâàìè» ïðèðîäíûõ ýêîñèñòåì ñðåäè àãðàðíîãî ëàíäøàôòà Çàïàäíî-Ñèáèðñêîé ðàâíèíû îñòàëèñü ñîë¸íûå îç¸ðà è ñîëîí÷àêè Êóëóíäû. Â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå íàõîäèòñÿ ðÿä êðóïíûõ ñîëåíûõ îç¸ð (Á. è Ì. ßðîâîå, Áóðëèíñêîå è äð.) è, â òîì ÷èñëå, îäíî èç êðóïíåéøèõ â Ðîññèè – Êóëóíäèíñêîå (782 êì2, îáðàçóåò ãèäðîëîãè÷åñêóþ ïàðó ñ îç. Êó÷óê, 190 êì2). Âñå îç¸ðà îêðóæåíû ñëîæíûì êîìïëåêñîì òðîñòíèêîâûõ êðåïåé, ñîðîâ, ñîëîí÷àêîâ, ñîëîíöåâàòûõ ëóãîâ è ñòåïåé; îç. Êóëóíäèíñêîå âõîäèò â òåíåâîé ñïèñîê Ðàìñàðñêîé êîíâåíöèè. Ýíäåìè÷íû äëÿ þãà Ñèáèðè ÷åðíåâûå ëåñà. Èíîãäà èõ íàçûâàþò ÷åðíåâîé òàéãîé, íî ôàêòè÷åñêè ýòî îñòàòêè õâîéíî-øèðîêîëèñòâåííûõ ëåñîâ – âëàæíûå òðàâÿíûå ëåñà, ãäå äîìèíèðóþò ïèõòà è îñèíà, õàðàêòåðíî âûñîêîòðàâüå, â òðàâÿíîì è êóñòàðíèêîâîì ÿðóñàõ âåëèêà ðîëü íåìîðàëüíûõ âèäîâ. Ïðàêòè÷åñêè âñå ýòè ýêîñèñòåìû ñîõðàíÿþò çíà÷èòåëüíûå ïîïóëÿöèè ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ, â òîì ÷èñëå ðåäêèõ è óãðîæàåìûõ âèäîâ. Òàê, ñ ïðåäãîðíûìè ñòåïÿìè ñâÿçàíû êðóïíûå ãíåçäîâûå ãðóïïèðîâêè ñòåïíîãî îðëà (Aquila nipalensis) è íàñêàëüíî ãíåçäÿùåãîñÿ áåðêóòà (Aquila chrysaetos), à òàêæå íàñêàëüíàÿ ãðóïïèðîâêà áàëîáàíà (Falco cherrug). Ëåíòî÷íûå áîðû – ìåñòî îáèòàíèÿ ãðóïíûõ ãíåçäîâûõ ãðóïïèðîâîê ìîãèëüíèêà (Aquila heliaca) è áîëüøîãî ïîäîðëèêà (Aquila clanga), à òàêæå ãíåçäÿùåãîñÿ íà äåðåâüÿõ áàëîáàíà. Îáà ýòèõ ëàíäøàôòà ïîääåðæèâàþò êðóïíóþ ïîïóëÿöèþ ôèëèíà (Bubo bubo). Â Êóëóíäå, èçîáèëóþùåé îç¸ðàìè è ñîëîí÷àêàìè, ñîñðåäîòî÷åíû êðóïíûå ãíåçäîâûå ãðóïïèðîâêè ëóíåé, â òîì ÷èñëå è ãëîáàëüíî óãðîæàåìîãî ñòåïíîãî ëóíÿ (Circus macrourus). Áåäíà õèùíûìè ïòèöàìè ëèøü ÷åðíåâàÿ òàéãà, ÷òî ñâÿçàíî â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü ñ å¸ êðàåàðåàëüíûì ðàñïîëîæåíèåì â êðàå. Â ïðåäåëàõ êðàÿ âûäåëåíî áîëåå 35 ÊÎÒÐ, 15 èç êîòîðûõ – ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî íà îñíîâàíèè äàííûõ î õèùíûõ ïòèöàõ. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, òåððèòîðèÿ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ âûäåëÿåòñÿ íà ôîíå áîëüøèíñòâà ñî-

The very presence of some ecosystems here as well as the degree of its wilderness makes the Altai Kray unique for Russia. These ecosystems are the steppes of the Altai foothills, and Stripe Pine Forests. Although the majority of the Altai Kray steppes were converted into arable land, its steppe foothills are some of the largest undisturbed steppe areas in the country. Not less than 15 large steppe areas are concentrated within 5 foothill-steppe districts (counties). Most of the areas cover more than 3000 hà. The total area of steppes in these districts exceeds 400 000 ha. The very characteristic feature of the Kray is the stripe pine forest. This type of forest landscape is not found anywhere else in Russia. In addition, the steppe forests of the Altai are some of largest areas of steppe forests in the country. The total area of the steppe forests is 842 000 ha. The «islands» of undisturbed ecosystems amongst arable land of the West-Siberian plain are the salt marshes of Kulunda lowland and the salty lakes there. One of the largest salt lakes in Russia is the Kulundinskoe lake (782 km2), which is located in the core of the lowland (within Kray as well). stripes of the pine forests provide breeding habitat for a large number of Imperial Eagles (Aquila heliaca) and Great Spotted Eagles (Aquila clanga), and tree-nesting Saker Falcons. Both of these landscapes support large numbers of the Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo). Kulunda, rich with lakes and salt-marshes, also concentrates a large number of breeding harriers, including the globally threatened Pallid Harrier (Circus macrourus). More than 35 IBAs were established in the territory of the Kray, 15 of which are justified in data on raptors. Conservation of birds of prey in the Kray is not as successful as it seems. The survival of many breeding populations in the past few years has been threatened by human activities. For a long time raptors were living in proximity to the human population, and in turn, have adapted to specific types of economic activity. The tragedy of the recent situation is that nowadays the modes of the steppe and forest use have been disturbed by erratic and chaotic changes. Birds have no time to adaptations.

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2005, 3 ñåäíèõ ñóáúåêòîâ ÐÔ (ïîæàëóé, çà èñêëþ÷åíèåì Ðåñïóáëèêè Àëòàé), êàê î÷àã ðàçíîîáðàçèÿ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ è íàñòîÿùèé ðåôóãèóì, ãäå ñîõðàíÿþòñÿ èõ êðóïíûå æèçíåñïîñîáíûå ãðóïïèðîâêè. Îäíàêî ñîâðåìåííîå ñîñòîÿíèå õèùíûõ ïòèö â êðàå íå ñòîëü áëàãîïîëó÷íî, êàê ýòî ìîæåò ïîêàçàòüñÿ. Âûæèâàíèå ìíîãèõ ãíåçäîâûõ ãðóïïèðîâîê â ïîñëåäíèå äåñÿòèëåòèÿ ïîñòàâëåíî ïîä âîïðîñ. Ìíîãî÷èñëåííûå óãðîçû ïîðîæäàþòñÿ ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûì èñïîëüçîâàíèåì ñòåïíûõ òåððèòîðèé, ëåñîïîëüçîâàíèåì â áîðàõ è èíîé õîçÿéñòâåííîé äåÿòåëüíîñòüþ ÷åëîâåêà. Êîíå÷íî, îáèòàÿ ðÿäîì ñ ÷åëîâåêîì äîëãîå âðåìÿ, íà èíòåíñèâíî îñâàèâàåìîé èì òåððèòîðèè, õèùíûå ïòèöû àäàïòèðîâàëèñü ê îïðåäåë¸ííûì ðåæèìàì õîçÿéñòâåííîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè. Íî â òîì è çàêëþ÷àåòñÿ òðàãè÷íîñòü íûíåøíåé ñèòóàöèè, ÷òî â ïîñëåäíèå ïîëòîðà äåñÿòèëåòèÿ ïîïóëÿöèè ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ ñòàëêèâàþòñÿ ñ áûñòðûìè è õàîòè÷åñêèìè èçìåíåíèÿìè ýòèõ ðåæèìîâ. Òåì ñàìûì, â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå õèùíûå ïòèöû îêàçàëèñü ïåðåä òîé æå ïðîáëåìîé, ÷òî è â Çàïàäíîé Åâðîïå: áûñòðîå èçìåíåíèå âèäîâ è ôîðì õîçÿéñòâåííîãî èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ òåððèòîðèè îáåñöåíèâàåò íàêîïëåííûå çà ñòîëåòèÿ àäàïòàöèè ïîïóëÿöèé, íàñåëÿþùèõ àíòðîïîãåííî ïðåîáðàçîâàííûå ëàíäøàôòû, è ðåçêî ñíèæàåò èõ øàíñû íà âûæèâàíèå. Õîòÿ ñîöèàëüíî-ýêîíîìè÷åñêàÿ è ïîëèòè÷åñêàÿ ïîäîïë¸êà ýòèõ ïðîáëåì â ñòðàíàõ ÅÑ è â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå ðàäèêàëüíî ðàçëè÷íû, ýêîëîãè÷åñêèå ñëåäñòâèÿ î÷åíü áëèçêè. Ïîïûòàåìñÿ ïåðå÷èñëèòü îñíîâíûå ôàêòîðû, óãðîæàþùèå ïåðíàòûì õèùíèêàì íà òåððèòîðèè Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ.

Ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííîå èñïîëüçîâàíèå ñòåïíûõ ëàíäøàôòîâ Â èñòîðè÷åñêîì ìàñøòàáå âðåìåíè íàèáîëåå óãðîæàþùèé àíòðîïîãåííûé ôàêòîð ñ êàòàñòðîôè÷åñêèìè ïîñëåäñòâèÿìè – ðàñïàøêà ñòåïåé. Ðóññêàÿ àãðàðíàÿ êîëîíèçàöèÿ òåððèòîðèè íûíåøíåãî Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ íà÷àëàñü â XVIII âåêå è äîñòèãëà ïèêà ê 1960-ì ãã., êîãäà ñòåïíûå ðàâíèíû çäåñü îêàçàëèñü ïî÷òè íàöåëî ðàñïàõàíû. Ñðåäè ðîññèéñêèõ ðåãèîíîâ Àëòàéñêèé êðàé áûë åäâà ëè íå ñàìîé ãëàâíîé ìèøåíüþ öåëèííîé êàìïàíèè.

Ïðîáëåìà íîìåðà Here is a list of the main factors threatening the raptors in the territory of the Altai Kray:

Agricultural usage of the steppe landscapes On a large historic scale the most threatening anthropogenic factor with the most disastrous consequences was a widespread conversion of steppe vegetation into arable fields. The Russian agrarian colonization of the territory now known as the Altai Kray began in XVIII age, was raised to XX, and culminated in the sixties, when almost all the plains covered with steppe were completely plowed up. In only 6 years in 1950th 30000 km2 of virgin steppe was plowed up here. In the Krai the total biome lost to arable fields is 5 millions ha of former steppe land, which was prime hunting and breeding habitats of raptors. As the flat areas were plowed first, the impact on Pallid Harriers, Steppe Eagles and the Short-Eared Owls (Asio flammeus) was most damaging. In addition to the steppe habitat loss, which was indeed very dangerous for raptors, there were additional threats. The most important problem was the widespread usage of pesticides (insecticides and rodenticides particularly). Pesticides in the Kray were used mainly in plowed fields, but in some cases mass spraying was carried out on fallow fields and wild steppe areas. In the last 15 years the importance of chemical contamination was greatly reduced, as cash-short farms tended to bring the pesticide usage to a minimum. This is, obviously, a short time-out. Íàèáîëåå óãðîæàþùèé àíòðîïîãåííûé ôàêòîð – ðàñïàøêà ñòåïåé. Ôîòî È. Ñìåëÿíñêîãî The most threatening anthropogenic factor is a widespread conversion of steppe vegetation into arable fields. Photo by I. Smelansky

Problem of Number

Raptors Conservation 2005, 3 Çà 6 öåëèííûõ ëåò çäåñü áûëî ðàñïàõàíî ïî÷òè 30 òûñ. êì2 ñòåïåé (2953 ìëí. ãà â ïåðèîä 1950–56 ãã. – Ðîçîâ, Áàçèëåâè÷, 1958). Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, íåâîçìîæíî êîëè÷åñòâåííî îöåíèòü óðîí, íàíåñåííûé ðàñïàøêîé ïîïóëÿöèÿì ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ. Ìîæíî ëèøü êîíñòàòèðîâàòü, ÷òî áûëè óòðà÷åíû (ïðåâðàùåíû â ïàøíþ) íå ìåíåå 5 ìëí. ãà ñòåïíûõ áèîòîïîâ, êîòîðûå, íåñîìíåííî, ñëóæèëè êîðìîâûìè è ãíåçäîâûìè ñòàöèÿìè õèùíûõ ïòèö. Ó÷èòûâàÿ, ÷òî ðàñïàõèâàëèñü â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü ìàêñèìàëüíî âûðîâíåííûå ó÷àñòêè, ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî íàèáîëüøèé óðîí ïîíåñëè ïîïóëÿöèè ñòåïíîãî ëóíÿ, ñòåïíîãî îðëà è áîëîòíîé ñîâû (Asio flammeus). Ñàìà ïî ñåáå ðàñïàøêà â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå áûëà äëÿ õèùíûõ ïòèö àêòèâíî äåéñòâóþùèì ôàêòîðîì òîëüêî äî 1960-õ ãã. – êîãäà ïðîèñõîäèëî íåïîñðåäñòâåííîå ñîêðàùåíèå ïëîùàäè ïðèðîäíûõ è ïîëóïðèðîäíûõ ñòåïíûõ ñîîáùåñòâ. Â ïîñëåäóþùèå äåñÿòèëåòèÿ ýòîò ôàêòîð áûë ôîíîâûì, ïîääåðæèâàþùèì áîëåå èëè ìåíåå íåèçìåííîå ñîîòíîøåíèå ñòåïíûõ è ïîëåâûõ áèîòîïîâ. Ïðèíöèïèàëüíî èíîé áûëà ñèòóàöèÿ ïðèìåðíî äî 1920-õ ãã. – òîãäà íà òåððèòîðèè íûíåøíåãî Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ ïðåîáëàäàëà ñèñòåìà çåìëåäåëèÿ, ïðè êîòîðîé ÷àñòü ïàøíè âñ¸ âðåìÿ ñóùåñòâîâàëà â ôîðìå ìíîãîëåòíåé çàëåæè (ñòåïíîé ïåðåëîã). Îáùàÿ ïëîùàäü è êîíêðåòíîå ðàñïîëîæåíèå ïàõîòíûõ ïîëåé åæåãîäíî ìåíÿëèñü, è ïîòîìó ðàñïàøêà âûñòóïàëà êàê äèíàìè÷åñêèé ôàêòîð, âûçûâàþùèé íåïîñðåäñòâåííûé îòâåò ïîïóëÿöèé. Ïîñëå 1991 ã. â êðàå âíîâü ïîÿâèëèñü çàìåòíûå ïëîùàäè çàëåæåé, îäíàêî ñåé÷àñ íåò ðå÷è î åæåãîäíîé çàêîíîìåðíîé äèíàìèêå óãîäèé – ïðîèçîøëî ïðîñòî âûâåäåíèå èç ðàñïàøêè íåðåíòàáåëüíûõ çåìåëü, íî â ìàñøòàáàõ êðàÿ îíî êîñíóëîñü îòíîñèòåëüíî íåáîëüøîé ïëîùàäè – ïî îôèöèàëüíûì äàííûì, íà 2003 ã. çàëåæü ñîñòàâèëà 0,04 % îò ïëîùàäè ïàøíè. Ðåàëüíàÿ å¸ äîëÿ, âåðîÿòíî, ìîæåò áûòü íà äâà ïîðÿäêà áîëüøå, íî è ýòî – âñåãî ëèøü åäèíèöû ïðîöåíòîâ îò ïëîùàäè ïàøíè. Ñ ðàñïàøêîé íåðàçðûâíî ñâÿçàí åù¸ ðÿä ïîïóòíûõ óãðîç, íåêîòîðûå èç êîòîðûõ îñîáåííî îïàñíû äëÿ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ. Íàèáîëüøóþ ïðîáëåìó ïðåäñòàâëÿåò øèðîêîå èñïîëüçîâàíèå ïåñòèöèäîâ, îñîáåííî èíñåêòèöèäîâ è ðîäåíòèöèäîâ. Ïåñòè-

Now the strongest and fast changing factor of agriculture is the cattle grazing and connected activities. For the majority of raptors inhabiting steppe landscapes of the Kray, dependency on cattle grazing could be recognized as critical. In general terms this dependency could be described as a trend, when moderate cattle pasturing promotes rising of the number and availability of colonial rodents which are main prey objects of the steppe raptors. When cattle’s grazing disappear, the total number of rodents decreases or tall grass makes them unavailable for raptors thus affecting rodenteating raptors such as eagles, the Saker Falcon, and the Long-Legged Buzzard (Buteo rufinus).

Ãíåçäî áåðêóòà (Aquila chrysaetos) íà ñîñíå â àíòðîïîãåííîì ëàíäøàôòå. Ôîòî È. Ñìåëÿíñêîãî The nest of the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) on a pine tree at a antropogenic landscape. Photo by I. Smelansky

However overgrazing also depresses rodent populations. In the recent years the importance of the last factor has significantly decreased while it was leading here over decades before 1990. Breeding success of birds was reduced in the crowded cattle and sheep pastures probably because of the disturbance and direct destroying of the nests by the cattle and herding dogs. The foothill regions still accommodated a high density of large raptors. The situation has changed in the last 15 years. During this period the total number of cattle decreased 2 times and the number of sheep decreased more than 5 times. As a result the numbers of the Steppe Eagle and the Imperial Eagle in the foothills-steppe regions have dramatically decreased.

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2005, 3 öèäû â êðàå ïðèìåíÿëèñü ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî íà ïàøíå, íî â íåêîòîðûõ ñëó÷àÿõ ìàññîâûå îáðàáîòêè ïðîâîäèëèñü è íà çàëåæàõ è ñòåïíûõ ó÷àñòêàõ (â ÷àñòíîñòè – ïðîòèâ èòàëüÿíñêîãî ïðóññà â 2000 è 2001 ãã.). Â ïîñëåäíèå 15 ëåò âàæíîñòü õèìè÷åñêîé óãðîçû çíà÷èòåëüíî ñíèçèëàñü, ïîñêîëüêó èç-çà áåäíîñòè õîçÿéñòâ ïðèìåíåíèå ïåñòèöèäîâ óïàëî äî ìèíèìóìà. Îäíàêî î÷åâèäíî, ÷òî ýòî âðåìåííîå ÿâëåíèå. Óæå ñåé÷àñ â õîçÿéñòâàõ, íàõîäÿùèõñÿ â óïðàâëåíèè èíâåñòîðîâ, ïåñòèöèäû ïðèìåíÿþòñÿ â ïîëíîì îáú¸ìå. À ÷èñëî òàêèõ õîçÿéñòâ â êðàå è èñïîëüçóåìûå èìè ïëîùàäè ðàñòóò ñ êàæäûì ãîäîì. Íà ñåãîäíÿ ñèëüíåéøèì äèíàìè÷åñêèì ôàêòîðîì, ñâÿçàííûì ñ ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûì èñïîëüçîâàíèåì, ÿâëÿåòñÿ âûïàñ è ïîïóòíûå âîçäåéñòâèÿ. Äëÿ áîëüøèíñòâà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ ñòåïíûõ ëàíäøàôòîâ êðàÿ çàâèñèìîñòü îò âûïàñà ñêîòà ìîæíî íàçâàòü êðèòè÷åñêîé. Â ñàìîì îáùåì âèäå ýòà çàâèñèìîñòü ñâÿçàíà ñ òåì, ÷òî óìåðåííûé âûïàñ ñïîñîáñòâóåò ïîâûøåíèþ ÷èñëåííîñòè îñíîâíûõ îáúåêòîâ ïèòàíèÿ ñòåïíûõ õèùíûõ ïòèö – êîëîíèàëüíûõ ãðûçóíîâ, à òàêæå îáåñïå÷èâàåò èõ äîñòóïíîñòü. Â óñëîâèÿõ êðàÿ ýòî ñóñëèêè (ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî êðàñíîùåêèé (Spermophilus erythrogenys)), àëòàéñêèé öîêîð (Myospalax myospalax), õîìÿ÷êè (Cricetulus spp.), ñåðûå ïîëåâêè (Microtus spp.), ïåñòðóøêà (Lagurus lagurus). Â îòñóòñòâèå âûïàñà ýòè ãðûçóíû ñòàíîâÿòñÿ ìàëî÷èñëåííûìè è/èëè òðóäíîäîñòóïíûìè äëÿ ïòèö, ñîîòâåòñòâåííî ðåçêî ïîíèæàåòñÿ ¸ìêîñòü ñðåäû äëÿ òàêèõ êðóïíûõ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ, êàê âñå âèäû îðëîâ, áàëîáàí, êóðãàííèê (Buteo rufinus), â ìåíüøåé ñòåïåíè ôèëèí è, âîçìîæíî, áîëîòíàÿ ñîâà. Íî ïîïóëÿöèè ãðûçóíîâ íà ïàñòáèùàõ èñïûòûâàþò óãíåòåíèå è ïðè ñëèøêîì âûñîêèõ íàãðóçêàõ ñêîòà. Â íåäàâíåì ïðîøëîì äëÿ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ áûë àêòóàëåí ñêîðåå ïîñëåäíèé ôàêòîð – ïàñòáèùíûå íàãðóçêè çäåñü áûëè ïîâñåìåñòíî ïðåâûøåíû. Íåñìîòðÿ íà òî, ÷òî óñïåõ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ïòèö ïðè ýòîì ñíèæàëñÿ èç-çà áåñïîêîéñòâà è ïðÿìîãî óíè÷òîæåíèÿ ãí¸çä ñêîòîì è ïàñòóøüèìè ñîáàêàìè, â ïðåäãîðíûõ ðàéîíàõ, íà îáøèðíûõ ïëîùàäÿõ ñòåïíûõ ïàñòáèù ïîääåðæèâàëàñü âûñîêàÿ ïëîòíîñòü êðóïíûõ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ. Ñèòóàöèÿ èçìåíèëàñü íà ïðîòèâîïîëîæíóþ â ïîñëåäíèå 15 ëåò. Çà ýòî âðåìÿ ïîãîëîâüå êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà (ÊÐÑ) â êðàå ñîêðàòèëîñü â 2 ðàçà, ìåëêîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà (ÌÐÑ) – áîëåå, ÷åì â 5 ðàç. Ïðè ýòîì ðàñ÷¸òíàÿ ñðåäíåðàéîííàÿ íàãðóçêà

Ïðîáëåìà íîìåðà

Õèìîáðàáîòêè â áîðàõ ïðèâîäÿò ê ãèáåëè õèùíûõ ïòèö. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà Sprayings by pesticides in forests result to death of raptors. Photo by I. Karyakin

Ïîãèáøèå ïòåíöû áàëîáàíà (Falco cherrug). Ôîòî Ì. Ãðàáîâñêîãî Dead chicks of the Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug). Photo by M. Grabovsky

An indirect effect of decreasing of a grazing pressure is increasing the frequency and magnitude of steppe fires, which is also a threat to the raptors. When pasture is overgrazed lack of ignitable material prevents high magnitude fires, and constrains affected territory. The opposite situation is under the conditions of lack of grazing. Dry grass accumulates quickly and burns with the high temperature and maximum height of the flame, which causes the fire to spread across a larger territory. In recent years there were annual fires in the foothills covering thousands of hectares. The fires happen most often during the period of breeding of the birds, and in May and June.

Problem of Number

Raptors Conservation 2005, 3 ñêîòà íà ïàñòáèùà (ãîëîâ íà 100 ãà) óïàëà äëÿ ÊÐÑ è ëîøàäåé ïðèìåðíî â 2 ðàçà, äëÿ ÌÐÑ – â 10 ðàç. Ýòî íå ìîãëî íå îòðàçèòüñÿ íà ñîñòîÿíèè ãíåçäîâûõ ãðóïïèðîâîê õèùíûõ ïòèö. Â ÷àñòíîñòè, ïðîèçîøëî, ïîâèäèìîìó, ñíèæåíèå ÷èñëåííîñòè ñòåïíîãî îðëà è ìîãèëüíèêà â ïðåäãîðíî-ñòåïíûõ ðàéîíàõ. Õîòÿ êîëè÷åñòâåííûõ äàííûõ î äèíàìèêå ÷èñëåííîñòè íåò, íàáëþäàåòñÿ ÷¸òêàÿ çàêîíîìåðíîñòü – âîêðóã íåèñïîëüçóåìûõ ëåòíèõ ëàãåðåé ñêîòà îñòàâëÿþòñÿ è ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè îðëîâ, î ÷¸ì ìîæíî ñóäèòü ïî íàëè÷èþ ìíîæåñòâà ðàçðóøàþùèõñÿ ìíîãîëåòíèõ ãí¸çä íà íûíå íåçàñåë¸ííûõ îðëàìè òåððèòîðèÿõ. Êîñâåííûì ñëåäñòâèåì ñíèæåíèÿ ïàñòáèùíîé íàãðóçêè ñòàíîâèòñÿ ïîâûøåíèå ÷àñòîòû è ñèëû ñòåïíûõ ïîæàðîâ, òàêæå ïðåäñòàâëÿþùèõ ñåé÷àñ âàæíóþ óãðîçó ïåðíàòûì õèùíèêàì. Ïàëû – îáû÷íûé èíñòðóìåíò óïðàâëåíèÿ ïàñòáèùàìè, øèðîêî ïðèìåíÿâøèéñÿ â ïðåäãîðüÿõ Àëòàÿ, êàê ìèíèìóì, ñ XVIII â. Î÷åâèäíî, â çàâèñèìîñòè îò ìàñøòàáîâ è ñðîêîâ ïðîâåäåíèÿ, ïàë ìîæåò ñóùåñòâåííî ñíèæàòü óñïåõ ðàçìíîæåíèÿ íàçåìíî ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ñòåïíûõ ïòèö (ëóíåé, áîëîòíîé ñîâû, ñòåïíîãî îðëà, ôèëèíà). Îäíàêî òðàäèöèîííî ïàëû ïðîâîäèëèñü ïîçäíåé îñåíüþ èëè ðàííåé âåñíîé, òî åñòü âíå ãíåçäîâîãî ïåðèîäà. Ê òîìó æå íà ñáèòîì ïàñòáèùå çàïàñû ãîðþ÷èõ ìàòåðèàëîâ îòíîñèòåëüíî íåâåëèêè, ïîæàð íå äîñòèãàåò âûñîêîé èíòåíñèâíîñòè è íå ìîæåò îõâàòèòü áîëüøóþ òåððèòîðèþ. Èíîå äåëî – â óñëîâèÿõ íåäîñòàòêà âûïàñà: áûñòðî íàêàïëèâàþùèåñÿ ñóõàÿ ïîäñòèëêà è âåòîøü ñëóæàò ïèùåé îãíþ, ïîçâîëÿÿ ïîæàðó ðàñïðîñòðàíÿòüñÿ íà îãðîìíûå òåððèòîðèè. Â ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû òîëüêî â ïðåäãîðüÿõ åæåãîäíî ñëó÷àþòñÿ ïàëû, îõâàòûâàþùèå òûñÿ÷è ãåêòàðîâ êàæäûé. Òàêæå ïîæàðû ñòàëè ÷àùå ïðîèñõîäèòü â ïåðèîä ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ïòèö – íåðåäêè îíè â ìàå è äàæå â èþíå.

Âûïàñ – ñèëüíåéøèé äèíàìè÷åñêèé ôàêòîð äëÿ áîëüøèíñòâà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ. Ôîòî È. Ñìåëÿíñêîãî The cattle grazing are the strongest and fast changing factor of agriculture. Photo by I. Smelansky

Management of the steppe pine forests Raptors of the steppe pine forests are also somewhat affected by the agricultural factors – plowing and pasturing, because these activities transform their hunting ranges. However it is the forest management, which affects them most. The usage of steppe pine forests by raptors is predetermined by the presence of old-grown large pine trees. These are the same trees, which were targeted by selective logging that was practiced in these forests earlier, and practiced now, usually under the false declaration of «sanitary» logging. As a result, the logging and extensive fires, affects not less than 10 % of the total area of steppe pine forests. So, despite reports of recent clear-cuts covering only 2 % of the total area, the territory used by birds for breeding is quickly shrinking. The other important threat is the forest fires. In dry pine forests they happen regularly and now and then they reach catastrophic scales. Only in 1997 fires burned 54800 ha. The total area burned to 2003 was about 63000 hà (about 10 % from the whole territory of pine forests), and all these areas were concentrated mainly in the southern part of the stripe pine forests, accommodating the most concentrated breeding areas of the Imperial Eagle, the Saker Falcon, and the Eagle Owl.

Infrastructure of energy complex A significant threat for raptors is electrocution from the power lines covering woodless territory of the Kray. Unfortunately, we do not have enough data to asses the negative impact of these installations. The preliminary data shows the importance of mortality due to electrocutions, particularly for the Imperial and Steppe Eagles.

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2005, 3 ×àñòîòà ïîæàðîâ âîçðîñëà íå òîëüêî èç-çà ñíèæåíèÿ ïàñòáèùíîé íàãðóçêè, íî è èç-çà ðîñòà îáùåé áåäíîñòè õîçÿéñòâ. Çåìëåïîëüçîâàòåëè âûíóæäåíû ñæèãàòü ïîæíèâíûå îñòàòêè íà ïàøíå âìåñòî òîãî, ÷òîáû èçìåëü÷àòü è çàïàõèâàòü èõ èëè âûâîçèòü ñ ïîëÿ. Ïî ýòîé æå ïðè÷èíå ÷àùå ñòàëè ïàëû íà ïàñòáèùàõ – îíè ÷àñòè÷íî âîñïîëíÿþò ñíèæåíèå èõ óðîæàéíîñòè, ñâÿçàííîå ñ íåâîçìîæíîñòüþ ïåðåñåâà ñòàðûõ òðàâîñìåñåé. Áåäíîñòü âûíóæäàåò è ê ìàññîâîìó èñïîëüçîâàíèþ ñòàðîé è íå âïîëíå èñïðàâíîé òåõíèêè, êîòîðàÿ çíà÷èòåëüíî áîëåå ïîæàðîîïàñíà èç-çà èñêðåíèÿ äâèãàòåëåé è ïðîòå÷åê ÃÑÌ. Âëàñòè êðàÿ ïðåäïðèíèìàþò ìíîãî÷èñëåííûå ïîïûòêè áîðüáû ñ ñåëüõîçïàëàìè, âïëîòü äî ïîëíîãî çàïðåòà èõ íà óðîâíå êðàåâîãî çàêîíîäàòåëüñòâà. Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, çàïðåòû íèêàê íå çàòðàãèâàþò ïðè÷èíû ïàëîâ, è ïîòîìó èõ ýôôåêòèâíîñòü íèçêà.

Ëåñîïîëüçîâàíèå â ñòåïíûõ áîðàõ Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðîâ îò÷àñòè òàêæå ïîäâåðæåíû äåéñòâèþ îñíîâíûõ ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ ôàêòîðîâ – ðàñïàøêè è âûïàñà, ïîñêîëüêó îíè çàòðàãèâàþò êîðìîâûå ñòàöèè ìíîãèõ èç íèõ. Íî íàèáîëåå ñåðü¸çíûå óãðîçû çäåñü ñâÿçàíû ñ ëåñíûì õîçÿéñòâîì. Ãíåçäîïðèãîäíîñòü áîðîâ äëÿ êðóïíûõ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ íàëè÷èåì ñòàðîâîçðàñòíûõ áîëüøèõ ñîñåí. Îäíàêî, òàêèå äåðåâüÿ â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü âûðóáàëèñü ïðè âûáîðî÷íûõ ïðèèñêîâûõ ðóáêàõ, êîòîðûå ðàíåå ïðàêòèêîâàëèñü â áîðàõ, à ôàêòè÷åñêè íå ïðåêðàòèëèñü è äî ñèõ ïîð, ìàñêèðóÿñü ïîä ðóáêè óõîäà è ñàíèòàðíûå ðóáêè. Îáùèé âîçðàñò äðåâîñòîåâ ñíèæàëñÿ è ñïëîøíîëåñîñå÷íûìè ðóáêàìè (ðàíåå – ãëàâíîãî ïîëüçîâàíèÿ, ñåé÷àñ – â ôîðìå ñïëîøíûõ ñàíèòàðíûõ ðóáîê è ðóáîê ïåðåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ). Â ðåçóëüòàòå ïîñëåäíèõ, à òàêæå îáøèðíûõ ïîæàðîâ, ñïåëûå è ïåðåñòîéíûå íàñàæäåíèÿ ñîñòàâëÿþò ìåíåå 10 % îò îáùåé ïëîùàäè õâîéíîãî õîçÿéñòâà â áîðàõ. Ïîýòîìó, õîòÿ ñâåæèõ ñïëîøíûõ âûðóáîê ñðàâíèòåëüíî íåìíîãî (16,3 òûñ. ãà, èëè îêîëî 2 % ïî õâîéíîìó õîçÿéñòâó), ïëîùàäü ïðèãîäíûõ äëÿ ïòèö ãíåçäîâûõ ñòàöèé áûñòðî ñîêðàùàåòñÿ. Äðóãóþ âàæíóþ óãðîçó ïðåäñòàâëÿþò ëåñíûå ïîæàðû. Â ñóõèõ áîðàõ îíè ñëó÷àþòñÿ ðåãóëÿðíî è âðåìÿ îò âðåìåíè

Ïðîáëåìà íîìåðà

Êîñâåííûì ñëåäñòâèåì ñíèæåíèÿ ïàñòáèùíîé íàãðóçêè ñòàíîâèòñÿ ïîâûøåíèå ÷àñòîòû è ñèëû ñòåïíûõ ïîæàðîâ. Ôîòî È. Ñìåëÿíñêîãî An indirect effect of decreasing of a grazing pressure is increasing the frequency and magnitude of steppe fires. Photo by I. Smelansky

Poaching There is an urgent problem of intensive illegal trapping of Saker Falcons for illegal export to Arabian countries. The poachers are targeting mostly migrating young females. In the last 10 years the trapping has become a well-organized business, with the involvement of professional trappers and smugglers, with a system of

Ãíåçäî áàëîáàíà (Falco cherrug), ïîãèáøåå â õîäå ðóáîê. Ôîòî Ì. Ãðàáîâñêîãî The logged nest of the Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug). Photo by M. Grabovsky

Problem of Number

Raptors Conservation 2005, 3

ïðèîáðåòàþò êàòàñòðîôè÷åñêèé õàðàêòåð. Òàê, â îäíîì ëèøü 1997 ã. âåðõîâûìè ïîæàðàìè áûëî ïðîéäåíî 54,8 òûñ. ãà. Îáùàÿ ïëîùàäü íåäàâíèõ ãàðåé ê 2003 ã. ñîñòàâëÿëà îêîëî 63 òûñ. ãà (ïîðÿäêà 10 % îò âñåé ïëîùàäè õâîéíûõ íàñàæäåíèé), è âñå ýòè íàðóøåíèÿ çàòðàãèâàëè ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî þæíóþ ÷àñòü ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðîâ, ãäå ñêîíöåíòðèðîâàíû ìåñòà ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ìîãèëüíèêà è áàëîáàíà, êðóïíàÿ ãíåçäîâàÿ ãðóïïèðîâêà ôèëèíà.

Èíôðàñòðóêòóðà ýíåðãåòè÷åñêîãî êîìïëåêñà Ñóùåñòâåííóþ îáùóþ óãðîçó äëÿ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ ïðåäñòàâëÿþò ïòèöåîïàñíûå ËÝÏ, ãóñòî ïîêðûâàþùèå áåçëåñíûå òåððèòîðèè êðàÿ. Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, çäåñü ïîêà íå äåëàëàñü êîëè÷åñòâåííàÿ îöåíêà ãèáåëè ïòèö íà ËÝÏ, íî äàæå ïðåäâàðèòåëüíûå äàííûå ïîêàçûâàþò, ÷òî ýòî âàæíûé ôàêòîð ñìåðòíîñòè, îñîáåííî äëÿ ìîãèëüíèêà è ñòåïíîãî îðëà.

Áðàêîíüåðñòâî Êàê ñóùåñòâåííóþ ïðîáëåìó íóæíî óïîìÿíóòü åù¸ ìàññîâûé áðàêîíüåðñêèé îòëîâ áàëîáàíà äëÿ ïðîäàæè â àðàáñêèå ñòðàíû. Æåðòâàìè åãî ñòàíîâÿòñÿ ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ïðîë¸òíûå ìîëîäûå ñàìêè. Ïðàêòè÷åñêè, â ïîñëåäíèå 10 ëåò îòëîâ ïðèîáðåë çäåñü õàðàêòåð õîðîøî îðãàíèçîâàííîãî áèçíåñà, â êîòîðîì çàíÿòû ïðîôåññèîíàëüíûå ëîâöû è «ìåíåäæåðû», íàëàæåíà ïåðåäåðæêà ïòèö, ñáûò è òðàíñïîðòèðîâêà ÷åðåç ãðàíèöó, íåò ïðîáëåì ñ ôèíàíñèðîâàíèåì. Åäèíñòâåííî ðåàëüíîå ïðîòèâîäåéñòâèå ýòèì îðãàíèçîâàííûì ïðåñòóïíûì ãðóïïàì äî ñèõ ïîð îêàçûâàëè òîëüêî îðãàíû îõîòíàäçîðà, íå èìåþùèå, ê ñîæàëåíèþ, äîñòàòî÷íûõ ñèë è ïîëíîìî÷èé äëÿ äåéñòâåííîé áîðüáû ñ ïîäîáíûìè áðàêîíüåðàìè.

Íåäîñòàòîê òåððèòîðèàëüíîé îõðàíû Îòäåëüíî íóæíî âûäåëèòü ïðîáëåìó îòñóòñòâèÿ äåéñòâåííîé ïðàâîâîé çàùèòû ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ íà òåððèòîðèè êðàÿ. Ïî ñîñòîÿíèþ íà 2005 ã. ñåòü ÎÎÏÒ îáðàçóþò îäèí çàïîâåäíèê, îäèí ïðèðîäíûé ïàðê (ñîçäàíèå êîòîðîãî íå çàâåðøåíî è ïåðñïåêòèâû íåÿñíû), 33 çàêàçíèêà êðàåâîãî çíà÷åíèÿ (èç êîòîðûõ òîëüêî 4 èìåþò äåé-

Îáùàÿ ïëîùàäü íåäàâíèõ ãàðåé ê 2003 ã. ñîñòàâëÿëà îêîëî 63000 ãà. Ôîòî Ý. Íèêîëåíêî The total area burned to 2003 was about 63000 hà. Photo by E. Nikolenko

marketing and smuggling of illegally procured birds. These operations have not lacking cash. The only real resistance to these organized criminal groups is regional Departments of Protection and Rational Use of Game Recourses, which unfortunately do not have sufficient legal powers and equipments to do anything.

Lack of conservation measures In 2005 the network of protected areas consisted of one Federal Nature Reserve (Zapovednik), one regional Nature Park (the Ïòèöåîïàñíàÿ ËÝÏ â ñòåïíîì áîðó. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà The electric poles dangered for birds in the pine-forest. Photo by I. Karyakin

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2005, 3 ñòâóþùèå «Ïîëîæåíèÿ...») è 146 ïàìÿòíèêîâ ïðèðîäû òàêæå êðàåâîãî çíà÷åíèÿ, îáùåé ïëîùàäüþ îêîëî 900 òûñ. ãà (5 % âñåé òåððèòîðèè êðàÿ). Íî íàèáîëåå âàæíûå äëÿ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ òåððèòîðèè – ñòåïíûå ïðåäãîðüÿ è ëåíòî÷íûå áîðû – ïðàêòè÷åñêè íå èìåþò ñåòè ÎÎÏÒ ñ àäåêâàòíûì ðåæèìîì. Òå ÎÎÏÒ, êîòîðûå çäåñü åñòü, ëèáî íå âêëþ÷àþò âàæíûõ äëÿ ïòèö áèîòîïîâ (êàê Ãèëåâñêèé çàêàçíèê), ëèáî èìåþò ðåæèì, äàæå ôîðìàëüíî íåñïîñîáíûé îáåñïå÷èâàòü çàùèòó ýòèõ âèäîâ (êàê ìíîãî÷èñëåííûå ïàìÿòíèêè ïðèðîäû ïðåäãîðèé è çàêàçíèêè â ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðàõ). Äëÿ åäèíñòâåííîãî â ñòåïíûõ ïðåäãîðüÿõ Ëîêòåâñêîãî çàêàçíèêà, ñïðîåêòèðîâàííîãî ñïåöèàëüíî ñ ó÷¸òîì ñîõðàíåíèÿ êðóïíûõ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ, óæå â òå÷åíèå 3 ëåò íå ìîæåò çàâåðøèòüñÿ ïðîöåäóðà ñîçäàíèÿ. Ïîêàçàòåëüíî, ÷òî â ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðàõ ðåæèì çàêàçíèêîâ (êîòîðûõ òóò íåñêîëüêî) ïðàêòè÷åñêè íå îãðàíè÷èâàåò ðóáêè, ðàçðåøàåò ïðèìåíåíèå èíñåêòèöèäîâ. Íàäî ïðèçíàòü, ÷òî òàêàÿ ñèòóàöèÿ ñ òåððèòîðèàëüíîé îõðàíîé ïðèðîäû â êðàå ñòàëà îò÷àñòè ðåçóëüòàòîì ïåðìàíåíòíîé ïÿòèëåòíåé ïåðåñòðîéêè ãîñóäàðñòâåííîé ïðèðîäîîõðàííîé ñèñòåìû Ðîññèè, ÷àñòîé ñìåíû îòâåòñòâåííîñòè è ïîëíîìî÷èé ðàçíûõ îðãàíîâ è óðîâíåé âëàñòè, èõ õðîíè÷åñêè íåäîñòàòî÷íîãî ôèíàíñèðîâàíèÿ è ñîêðàùåíèÿ øòàòîâ. Â ýòîì îòíîøåíèè îíà òèïè÷íà äëÿ ñòðàíû â öåëîì. Íî åñòü è ìåñòíàÿ îñîáåííîñòü – â ïîñëåäíèå ïîëòîðà ãîäà êðàåâûå âëàñòè áûëè ïðàêòè÷åñêè íåäååñïîñîáíû ïî ñâîèì âíóòðåííèì ïðè÷èíàì, è ýòî òàêæå ïàãóáíî îòðàçèëîñü íà ñîñòîÿíèè ïðèðîäîîõðàííûõ îðãàíîâ. Íóæíî äîáàâèòü, ÷òî âñå ëåíòî÷íûå áîðû â ðàìêàõ ëåñíîãî çàêîíîäàòåëüñòâà âûäåëÿþòñÿ â êàòåãîðèþ çàùèòíîñòè «îñîáî öåííûå ëåñíûå ìàññèâû» (äî 1994 ã. ñóùåñòâîâàëà îñîáàÿ êàòåãîðèÿ çàùèòíîñòè «ëåñà ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðîâ»). Ðåæèì ýòîé êàòåãîðèè çàùèòíîñòè íèêàê íå ó÷èòûâàåò çàäà÷è ñîõðàíåíèÿ ïîïóëÿöèé ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ. Îí çàïðåùàåò ðóáêè ãëàâíîãî ïîëüçîâàíèÿ, íî íè÷åãî íå ãîâîðèò î ñîõðàíåíèè ëåñíîé ñðåäû è ñòàðîâîçðàñòíûõ äðåâîñòîåâ ïðè ðóáêàõ óõîäà è ïðî÷èõ ðóáêàõ – ïîýòîìó çàïðåò íèêàê íå óëó÷øàåò ñîõðàííîñòü ãíåçäîâûõ ñòàöèé êðóïíûõ õèùíûõ ïòèö. Ðåæèìîì çàïðåù¸í âûïàñ ñêîòà â ëåñó, íî ýòà ìåðà, åñëè áû îíà ñîáëþäàëàñü, îêàçûâàëà áû ñêîðåå íåãàòèâíîå âëèÿíèå íà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ, ñíèæàÿ ¸ìêîñòü èõ êîðìîâûõ ñòàöèé. Ïîäâîäÿ èòîã, ïåðå÷èñëèì íåîáõîäèìûå ìåðû, êîòîðûå ïîçâîëèëè áû ñíèçèòü âîç-

Ïðîáëåìà íîìåðà creation of which is not completed and therefore its perspectives for survival are unclear), 33 regional Nature Refuges (from which only 4 have legislation in force) and 146 small regional Nature Monuments, in total covering c. 900000 hà (5 % from the whole territory of the Kray). Unfortunately the most important territories for raptors, such as the steppe foothills and stripe pine forests have a rather poor network of protected areas with an inadequate regime of protection. The existing protected areas do not cover important habitats (for instance the Gilevskiy Wildlife Refuge), or have an inadequate regime, which cannot sufficiently provide protection of these species. The only protected area in the steppe foothills, the Loktevskiy Nature Refuge, designed with specific aim to protect large raptors, cannot pass the final paper work during the past 3 years and thus, is officially non-existent. Sadly the regimes of refuges located in the stripe forests cannot limit logging and permit the usage of insecticides. Such situations with nature protection in the Kray has been attributed to the permanent five-year reform of the state nature conservation system in Russia, and frequent shifts of responsibilities from one administration body to another, with chronic insufficient financing and staff shortages. This problem is typical for the country as a whole. But there is also a local particularity: in the last one and a half years the authorities of the Kray practically could not do anything due to their internal battles. These internal fights have lead to a large scale of negative effects in the nature conservation. To conclude here are the necessary measures, which could help reduce an influence of main negative factors, affecting the populations of raptors in the Altai Kray. The main ones are: – conservation of the area of the arable fields at the current level; – limitation of using pesticides on agricultural lands and insecticides in forested areas; – necessity of protective measures in the non arable lands within the actions of combating locust invasions; – development of low intensive ranging with the domination of horses and cattle and optimization of pasturing pressures by sheep in steppes of foothills; – development of fire-prevention actions on agricultural lands;

Problem of Number

Raptors Conservation 2005, 3 äåéñòâèå îñíîâíûõ íåãàòèâíûõ ôàêòîðîâ, âëèÿþùèõ íà ïîïóëÿöèè õèùíûõ ïòèö â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå: – ñòàáèëèçàöèÿ ïëîùàäåé ïàøíè íà ñîâðåìåííîì óðîâíå; – îãðàíè÷åíèå ïðèìåíåíèÿ ïåñòèöèäîâ íà ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ çåìëÿõ è èíñåêòèöèäîâ íà çåìëÿõ ëåñíîãî ôîíäà; – ó÷¸ò íåîáõîäèìîñòè çàùèòû áèîðàçíîîáðàçèÿ â ðåãëàìåíòàöèè ìåðîïðèÿòèé ïî áîðüáå ñ ñàðàí÷îé íà íåïàõîòíûõ çåìëÿõ; – ðàçâèòèå ïàñòáèùíîãî æèâîòíîâîäñòâà ñ ïðèîðèòåòîì ëîøàäåé è êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà è îïòèìèçàöèÿ ïàñòáèùíîé íàãðóçêè, îñîáåííî ìåëêîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà, â ñòåïÿõ ïðåäãîðèé; – ðåàëèçàöèÿ ïðîòèâîïîæàðíûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé íà ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ çåìëÿõ; – çàïðåò ëþáûõ ðóáîê, â òîì ÷èñëå ñàíèòàðíûõ, â ïðèîïóøå÷íîé çîíå ñòåïíûõ áîðîâ è ïî áåðåãàì âîäî¸ìîâ â ïîëîñå øèðèíîé 150 ì; – âûäåëåíèå â êà÷åñòâå îñîáî çàùèòíûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ëåñà âñåõ èçâåñòíûõ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ, çàíåñ¸ííûõ â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó ÐÔ; – ðåàëèçàöèÿ ìåðîïðèÿòèé ïî óñòðîéñòâó èñêóññòâåííûõ ãíåçäîâèé â ëåñàõ, îìîëîæåííûõ ðóáêàìè è ïðîéäåííûõ ïîæàðàìè (ïðè íàëè÷èè êîðìîâûõ ñòàöèé); – îñíàùåíèå ËÝÏ ïòèöåçàùèòíûìè ñîîðóæåíèÿìè, â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü â ïîëîñå ñòåïíûõ ïðåäãîðèé Àëòàÿ è âäîëü îïóøåê ñòåïíûõ áîðîâ; – ñîçäàíèå ìåæâåäîìñòâåííîé îïåðàòèâíîé ãðóïïû ïî áîðüáå ñ íåçàêîííûì ñîêîëèíûì áèçíåñîì; – ïåðåñìîòð ðåæèìà çàêàçíèêîâ è îñîáî öåííûõ ëåñíûõ ìàññèâîâ â áîðàõ â ñòîðîíó ó÷¸òà ñîõðàíåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ è êîðìîâûõ ñòàöèé õèùíûõ ïòèö. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, èç ìàññû îçâó÷åííûõ ïðîáëåì, ðåøåíèå êîòîðûõ íàñóùíî íåîáõîäèìî äëÿ ñîõðàíåíèÿ â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå êàê ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ, òàê è áèîðàçíîîáðàçèÿ â öåëîì, íè îäíà íå ðåøåíà ñêîëüêî-íèáóäü ïîëíî. Òåì íå ìåíåå, ðàáîòà â ýòîì íàïðàâëåíèè âåä¸òñÿ, è åñòü íàäåæäà, ÷òî â êàêîì-òî îòäàë¸ííîì áóäóùåì îíà óâåí÷àåòñÿ êàêèì-òî óñïåõîì. Âîïðîñ ëèøü â òîì, îñòàíåòñÿ ëè ÷òî ñîõðàíÿòü ê òîìó âðåìåíè, êîãäà ïðèðîäîîõðàííûå èíèöèàòèâû â êðàå âîçüìóò âåðõ íàä ïîòðåáèòåëüñêèì ïðèðîäîïîëüçîâàíèåì.

– logging ban (including sanitary clearing) at the edge zones of steppe pine forests and up to 150 m from the banks of water bodies; – establishment protected areas at all known breeding areas of raptors listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation; – developing a project of providing artificial nests in forests recently subjected to logging or fires (of sufficient hunting habitat for the raptors is available); – establishing birds electrocution preventing devices on power lines, especially in the belt of the stepped foothills of the Altai and along edges of steppe pine forests; – establishment of an inter-departmental task force for the struggle against the illegal trapping and smuggling of falcons; – revision of regimes of the Refuges and Natural Monuments in respect of conservation of breeding and hunting areas of raptors. Out of the number of given problems, solving of which is necessary for conservation both of raptors, and of the biodiversity of the Altai Kray as a whole, none could be solved completely. Nevertheless, work towards solving these problems has been started and we hope in the future it will be successful. The question remains though, would it be anything left by the time conservation would prevail over the consumerism of natural resources.

Êàðòà êëþ÷åâûõ îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèõ òåððèòîðèé ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî çíà÷åíèÿ è îñîáî îõðàíÿåìûõ ïðèðîäíûõ òåððèòîðèé ôåäåðàëüíîãî ðàíãà íà òåððèòîðèè Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ Map of the IBAs and Federal Nature Reserves in the Altai Kray

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2005, 3

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Raptors Research ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ПЕРНАТЫХ ХИЩНИКОВ The Raptors in the Altai Kray КРУПНЫЕ ПЕРНАТЫЕ ХИЩНИКИ АЛТАЙСКОГО КРАЯ I.V. Karyakin (Center for Field Studies, N.Novgorod, Russia), I.E. Smelansky (Siberian Environmental Center, Novosibirsk, Russia), S.V. Bakka (The N. Novgorod branch of RBC, N.Novgorod, Russia), M.A. Grabovsky (Ornithological Services from Airport ‘Tolmachevo’, Novosibirsk, Russia), A.V. Rybenko (Siberian Environmental Center, Novosibirsk, Russia), A.V. Egorova (Siberian Environmental Center, Novosibirsk, Russia) И.В. Каря ин (Центр полевых исследований, Н.Нов ород, Россия) И.Э. Смелянс ий (МБОО «Сибирс ий э оло ичес ий центр», Новосибирс , Россия) С.В. Ба а (Ниже ородс ое отделение Союза охраны птиц России, Н.Нов ород, Россия) М.А. Грабовс ий (Орнитоло ичес ая сл жба аэропорта Толмачево, Новосибирс , Россия) А.В. Рыбен о (МБОО «Сибирс ий э оло ичес ий центр», Новосибирс , Россия) А.B. Е орова (МБОО «Сибирс ий э оло ичес ий центр», Новосибирс , Россия) Êîíòàêò: Èãîðü Êàðÿêèí Öåíòð ïîëåâûõ èññëåäîâàíèé 603000 Ðîññèÿ Íèæíèé Íîâãîðîä óë. Êîðîëåíêî, 17a–17 òåë.: (8312) 33 38 47 ikar_research@mail.ru Èëüÿ Ñìåëÿíñêèé ÌÁÎÎ «Ñèáèðñêèé ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð» 630090 Ðîññèÿ Íîâîñèáèðñê, à/ÿ 547 òåë./ôàêñ: (383) 339 78 85 ilya@ecoclub.nsu.ru Ñåðãåé Áàêêà Íèæåãîðîäñêîå îòäåëåíèå ÑÎÏÐ 603000 Ðîññèÿ Íèæíèé Íîâãîðîä à/ÿ 631 Ýêîöåíòð «Äðîíò» òåë.: (8312) 34 46 79 sopr@dront.ru Ìàêñèì Ãðàáîâñêèé Îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêàÿ ñëóæáà àýðîïîðòà Òîëìà÷¸âî 630002 Ðîññèÿ Íîâîñèáèðñêàÿ îáë. ã. Îáü–2 Àýðîïîðò «Òîëìà÷¸âî» òåë.: (383) 216 91 19 gramax@mail.ru

Ââåäåíèå Áîëüøèíñòâî êðóïíûõ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ ñòàëêèâàåòñÿ ñ óãðîçîé óíè÷òîæåíèÿ íà áîëüøåé ÷àñòè ñâîèõ àðåàëîâ, ñîñòîÿíèå èõ ïîïóëÿöèé îöåíèâàåòñÿ êàê âûçûâàþùåå òðåâîãó âî ìíîãèõ ñòðàíàõ, à äëÿ íåêîòîðûõ âèäîâ (ìîãèëüíèê, áàëîáàí) – è â ãëîáàëüíîì ìàñøòàáå (IUCN Red List, 2004; Ôîêñ è äð., 2003). Ìíîãèå âèäû êðóïíûõ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ ñ÷èòàþòñÿ çàñëóæèâàþùèìè ñïåöèàëüíîé îõðàíû. Êðîìå òîãî, íåðåäêî îíè ðàññìàòðèâàþòñÿ êàê «îñîáûå» âèäû, ñîõðàíåíèå êîòîðûõ ìîæåò ñïîñîáñòâîâàòü ñîõðàíåíèþ öåëîãî ðÿäà äðóãèõ, ìåíåå çàìåòíûõ âèäîâ æèâîòíûõ è ðàñòåíèé, è öåëûõ ýêîñèñòåì (Ïàæåíêîâ, Ñìåëÿíñêèé, 2004). Èìåííî ïîýòîìó â ðàìêàõ èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèõ è ïðèðîäîîõðàííûõ ïðîåêòîâ ÌÁÎÎ «Ñèáýêîöåíòð» (Íîâîñèáèðñê) è Öåíòðà ïîëåâûõ èññëåäîâàíèé (Í. Íîâãîðîä) êðóïíûì ïåðíàòûì õèùíèêàì óäåëÿåòñÿ îñîáîå âíèìàíèå.

Ïðèðîäíûå îñîáåííîñòè Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ Àëòàéñêèé êðàé ëåæèò íà ñòûêå Çàïàäíî-Ñèáèðñêîé ðàâíèíû è Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîé ãîðíîé îáëàñòè. Îí ïðîñòèðàåòñÿ áîëåå ÷åì íà 350 êì ñ ñåâåðà íà þã è äî 500 êì

The territory of the Altai Kray has been surveyed in 2001–2005. The total length of the routes of the expedition was 23645 km. Three study areas totaling 1310,66 km2 were established for surveys of all raptor species. In addition 12 areas were established for counts focused on selected species. The Short-Toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus). One nest was found and 1 adult was recorded. A total of 10 breeding pairs are extrapolated for the Altai Kray (fig. 3). The Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus). Two adults were observed in the left bank of Ob’ from time to time. A total of 10–20 breeding pairs are projected in the Altai Kray. The Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis). A total of 74 breeding areas were found, 72 nests (32 active nests) were found in 59 breeding territories. There, 81,94 % of the nests were located on the rocks, others on bushes and the ground. Clutch size (n=6) varies from 2 to 3, making an average (M±SD) 2,33±0,52. Brood size varies from 1 to 3, or 1,86±0,53 chicks on average per successful nest (n=17), and 0,86±0,97 – per occupied nest (n=35). A total of 270–280 breeding pairs are estimated for the Altai Kray (fig. 4). The Great Spotted Eagle (Aquila clanga). A total of 61 breeding areas were found on

Raptors Research Àíàñòàñèÿ Ðûáåíêî Àëåêñàíäðà Åãîðîâà ÌÁÎÎ «Ñèáèðñêèé ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð» 630090 Ðîññèÿ Íîâîñèáèðñê à/ÿ 547 òåë./ôàêñ: (383) 339 78 85 ann@ecoclub.nsu.ru esasha@ecoclub.nsu.ru Contact: Igor Karyakin Center of Field Studies Korolenko str., 17a–17 Nizhniy Novgorod 603000 Russia tel.: (8312) 33 38 47 ikar_research@mail.ru Ilya Smelansky NGO Siberian Enviromental Center P.O. Box 547 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia tel./fax: (383) 339 78 85 ilya@ecoclub.nsu.ru Sergey Bakka The N.Novgorod branch of RBCU P.O. Box 631 Ecocenter Dront Nizhniy Novgorod 603000 Russia tel.: (8312) 34 46 79 sopr@dront.ru Maxim Grabovsky The Ornithological Service at airport ‘Tolmatshevo’ Airport ‘Tolmatshevo’ Ob’, Novosibirsk district 630002 Russia tel.: (383) 216 91 19 gramax@mail.ru Anastasia Rybenko Alexandra Egorova NGO Siberian Enviromental Center P.O. Box 547 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia tel./fax: (383) 339 78 85 ann@ecoclub.nsu.ru esasha@ecoclub.nsu.ru

Raptors Conservation 2005, 3 ñ çàïàäà íà âîñòîê. Â ïðåäåëàõ êðàÿ ñëèÿíèå ðåê Áèè è Êàòóíè äà¸ò íà÷àëî êðóïíåéøåé ñèáèðñêîé ðåêå Îáè. Òåððèòîðèþ êðàÿ ñëàãàþò ñëåäóþùèå êðóïíûå ãåîìîðôîëîãè÷åñêèå åäèíèöû (ñ çàïàäà íà âîñòîê): (1) Êóëóíäèíñêàÿ íèçìåííîñòü – èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî âûðîâíåííàÿ îç¸ðíàÿ äåïðåññèÿ ñ îáèëèåì ïðåñíûõ è ñîë¸íûõ îç¸ð è ñîëîí÷àêîâ; (2) Ïðèîáñêîå ïëàòî – îáëàñòü ëîæáèí äðåâíåãî ñòîêà, ïëàñòîâàÿ âîçâûøåííàÿ ðàâíèíà (ïðåîáëàäàþùèå âûñîòû 200–300 ì í.ó.ì.) íà âîäîðàçäåëå Îáè è Èðòûøà, õàðàêòåðíû äîëèííî-áàëî÷íûé ðåëüåô ñ øèðîêèìè ïëîñêèìè âîäîðàçäåëàìè, øèðîêîå ðàçâèòèå ïåñ÷àíûõ ìàññèâîâ ñ ýîëîâûì ðåëüåôîì ïî ëîæáèíàì äðåâíåãî ñòîêà; (3) Áèéñêî-×óìûøñêàÿ âîçâûøåííîñòü – ïî óñòðîéñòâó ïîâåðõíîñòè áëèçêà ê Ïðèîáñêîìó ïëàòî, íî òóò îòñóòñòâóþò ëîæáèíû äðåâíåãî ñòîêà; (4–5) Ïðåäàëòàéñêàÿ è Ïðåäñàëàèðñêàÿ ðàâíèíû – öîêîëüíûå ðàâíèíû, â ðàçëè÷íîé ñòåïåíè ðàñ÷ëåí¸ííûå äîëèííî-áàëî÷íîé ñåòüþ, ìåñòàìè äî ìåëêîñîïî÷íîãî ðåëüåôà; (6) ïðåäãîðüÿ è íèçêîãîðüÿ Àëòàÿ; (7) Ñàëàèðñêèé êðÿæ – íåâûñîêîå (äî 500 ì í.ó.ì.) ïîäíÿòèå ñ õîëìèñòî-óâàëèñòûì ýðîçèîííûì ðåëüåôîì. Ïîñëåäíèå îòëè÷àþòñÿ íàèáîëåå ãåòåðîãåííûì, ñëîæíî óñòðîåííûì ðåëüåôîì – îò íèçêèõ ýðîçèîííûõ ìåëêîñîïî÷íèêîâ è õîëìèñòî-óâàëèñòûõ ïëàòî ïðåäãîðèé äî ñðåäíåãîðíûõ õðåáòîâ (ìàêñèìàëüíûå âûñîòû â ïðåäåëàõ êðàÿ – îêîëî 2000 ì í.ó.ì.); âûðàæåíà ÿðóñíîñòü ðåëüåôà. Ïðîñòèðàíèå Êîëûâàíñêîãî è Òèãèðåêñêîãî õðåáòîâ áëèçêî ê øèðîòíîìó, îñòàëüíûå õðåáòû, ïðåäñòàâëåííûå â ïðåäåëàõ êðàÿ (Êîðãîíñêèé, Áàùåëàêñêèé, Àíóéñêèé, ×åðãèíñêèé, Ñåìèíñêèé), èìåþò ìåðèäèîíàëüíîå ïðîñòèðàíèå è,

the territory of the Altai Kray, 25 nests were found (22 nests were located on pines, 2 – on birches, 1 – on aspen). Three clutches with 2 eggs each were found in 2003. Average brood size (n=8) was 1,6±0,52, range 1–2. A total of 350–370 breeding pairs are estimated in the Altai Kray (fig. 5). The Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca). A total of 107 breeding areas were found on the territory of the Altai Kray: 28 were located in the foothill of the Altai and 79 – in the plain part of the left bank of Ob’. There, 92 nests were found (63 active and 29 empty). Two nests contained clutches per 2 eggs for each. Chicks of different ages were found in 22 nests, and 39 nests were active, but not checked for different reasons, 4 nests contained dead clutches (per 2 eggs), and 25 were empty at the time of the visit (failed breeding attempts in the most cases). The majority of nests were located on pines (84), others – on birches (5), larches (2) and poplar (1). Clutches size (n=6, with census of dead) was 2 eggs. Average brood size (n=20) was 1,55±0,51, range 1–2. Brood size observed after fledgling (n=8) was 1,38±0,52, range 1–2. A total of 461–498 breeding pairs are estimated for the Altai Kray (fig. 6). The Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos). A total of 18 breeding areas were found on the territory of the Altai Kray: 12 were located in the foothill of the Altai and 6 – in the plain region of the left bank of Ob’. There, 13 nests were found (10 – in the foothill of the Altai and 3 – in the plain region). Out of 10 nests found in the mountain part of the Kray 9 were located on cliffs and 1 – on a birch. All 3 nests from the plains region were located on pines. Average brood size in successful nest (n=10) 1,4±0,7, range

Òàáë. 1. ×èñëåííîñòü ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ êðóïíûõ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ Table 1. The number of breeding raptors in the Altai Kray

Âèä Species Çìååÿä Circaetus gallicus Îðåë-êàðëèê Hieraaetus pennatus Îðåë ñòåïíîé Aquila nipalensis Ïîäîðëèê áîëüøîé Aquila clanga Ìîãèëüíèê Aquila heliaca Áåðêóò Aquila chrysaetos Îðëàí-áåëîõâîñò Haliaeetus albicilla Áàëîáàí Falco cherrug Ñàïñàí Falco peregrinus Ôèëèí Bubo bubo

Èçâåñòíûå ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè Known breeding territories 1 0 74 61 107 18 20 42 9 110

Ãíåçäÿùèåñÿ ïàðû Breeding pairs Âñåãî Total

Óñïåøíî ãíåçäÿùèåñÿ Successful pairs

5–10 10–20 270–280 350–370 461–498 247–289 124–137 92–130 103–147 846–968

3–7 7–14 162–168 245–259 319–344 216–253 99–110 49–69 73–104 550–629

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2005, 3 îáðûâàÿñü ê Ïðåäàëòàéñêîé ðàâíèíå ñ ñåâåðà ïðåäãîðüÿ óñòóïîì (ïåðåïàä 80–200 ì), îáðàçóþò «ôàñ» Àëòàÿ. Â êà÷åñòâå îòäåëüíîé êðóïíîé åäèíèöû ìîæåò áûòü âûäåëåíà ðå÷íàÿ äîëèíà Îáè ñ îñíîâíûìè ïðèòîêàìè, ïðèóðî÷åííàÿ ê ðàçëîìó íà êîíòàêòå Çàïàäíî-Ñèáèðñêîé ðàâíèíû ñ ãîðíîé îáëàñòüþ. Îíà èìååò ðåçêî àñèììåòðè÷íîå ñòðîåíèå ñ âûñîêèì îáðûâèñòûì ëåâûì è ïîëîãèì ïðàâûì áîðòàìè. Â ïðàâîáåðåæüå âûäåëÿåòñÿ äî 5 íàäïîéìåííûõ òåððàñ è ïîéìà äî 15 êì øèðèíîé (Çàíèí, 1958; Àòëàñ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ, 1978). Ïî ôèçèêî-ãåîãðàôè÷åñêîìó ðàéîíèðîâàíèþ êðàÿ åãî òåððèòîðèÿ âõîäèò â ñîñòàâ äâóõ ôèçèêî-ãåîãðàôè÷åñêèõ ñòðàí – Çàïàäíî-Ñèáèðñêîé ðàâíèííîé è ÀëòàåÑàÿíñêîé ãîðíîé. Ïåðâàÿ èç íèõ äåëèòñÿ çäåñü íà ñòåïíóþ è ëåñîñòåïíóþ îáëàñòè, êîòîðûå ïîäðàçäåëÿþòñÿ äàëåå íà Êóëóíäèíñêóþ, Þæíî-Ïðèàëåéñêóþ è Ïðåäàëòàéñêóþ ïðîâèíöèè ñòåïíîé îáëàñòè è Âåðõíå-Îáñêóþ è Ïðåäñàëàèðñêóþ ïðîâèíöèè ëåñîñòåïíîé îáëàñòè. Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêàÿ ãîðíàÿ ñòðàíà òàêæå ðàçäåëÿåòñÿ â êðàå íà äâå îáëàñòè – Àëòàéñêóþ, âêëþ÷àþùóþ çäåñü Ñåâåðî-Çàïàäíóþ è ÑåâåðîÂîñòî÷íóþ ïðîâèíöèè, è Ñàëàèðî-Êóçíåöêî-Àëàòàóñêóþ, ïðåäñòàâëåííóþ Ñàëàèðñêîé ïðîâèíöèåé (Êðàñíîÿðîâà, 1999). Ðàâíèííàÿ ÷àñòü êðàÿ ïîëíîñòüþ ëåæèò â ñòåïíîé çîíå. Ïðåäñòàâëåíû ëåñîñòåïíàÿ ïîäçîíà ñ ïîëîñàìè ñåâåðíîé, ñðåäíåé è þæíîé (êîëî÷íîé) ëåñîñòåïè, ïîäçîíû íàñòîÿùèõ (ñ ïîëîñàìè áîãàòîðàçíîòðàâíî-äåðíîâèííîçëàêîâûõ è ðàçíîòðàâíîäåðíîâèííîçëàêîâûõ) è ñóõèõ äåðíîâèííîçëàêîâûõ ñòåïåé. Âîñòîê êðàÿ çàíÿò îáëàñòüþ âûñîòíîé ïîÿñíîñòè ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ãîðíî-òà¸æíî-êóñòàðíèêîâî-ñòåïíîãî òèïà (ñåâåðî-ïðåäàëòàéñêîãî, ñåâåðîçàïàäíî-àëòàéñêîãî è ñåâåðî-àëòàéñêîãî âàðèàíòîâ). Êîëîíêà ïîÿñíîñòè âêëþ÷àåò ðàçëè÷íûå âàðèàíòû ñòåïåé è çàðîñëè êñåðîìåçîôèòíûõ êóñòàðíèêîâ, âûøå ñìåíÿþùèåñÿ ëåñîñòåïüþ è ãîðíî-òà¸æíûìè ÷åðíåâûìè è ñîñíîâî-ëèñòâåíè÷íûìè ëåñàìè, åù¸ âûøå èõ ñìåíÿþò ñóáàëüïèéñêèå è àëüïèéñêèå ñðåäíåãîðüÿ (ïîñëåäíèå ìàëî ïðåäñòàâëåíû â êðàå – òîëüêî íà âåðøèíàõ ãîð Áàùåëàêñêîãî è Òèãèðåêñêîãî õðåáòîâ). Òîëüêî íà Ñàëàèðñêîì êðÿæå ïðåäñòàâëåí òà¸æíî-÷åðíåâîé (ñàëàèðñêèé) òèï ïîÿñíîñòè, â âåðõíåì ïîÿñå êîòîðîãî èñòîðè÷åñêè ïðåîáëàäàëè ïèõòîâûå è îñèíîâî-ïèõòîâûå (÷åðíåâûå) ëåñà. Êðîìå òîãî, çíà÷èòåëüíîå ìåñòî â êðàå çàíèìàþò èíòðàçîíàëüíûå ñîñíîâûå áîðû

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ 1–3. A total of 247–289 breeding pairs are projected in the Altai Kray (fig. 7). The White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla). A total of 20 breeding areas were found on the territory of the Altai Kray. Four nests in the pine forest were located on pines. Brood with two chicks was observed once, and broods with 1 fledgling – four times. A total of 124–137 breeding pairs are estimated to be breeding in the Altai Kray (fig. 8). The Black Vulture (Aegypius monachus) – a vagrant species. Six birds were observed in 3 places in the 14–16 July 2002 ã. The Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug). A total of 38 territories (37 occupied ones) were found in the Altai Kray in 2003. There, 22 known nests (75,9 %, n=29) were occupied at the time of checking. Four pairs were breeding in raven (Corvus corax) nests on cliffs in the mountain region, 25 – on pines in the plain region (20 – in Imperial Eagle nests, 2 – in Black Kite (Milvus migrans) nests, and one each in a Golden Eagle nest, a Raven nest, and in an unidentified host nest). Two new breeding pairs found in pineforests in 2004 (both nests were located in Imperial Eagle nests on pines). Revisits of the 21 known areas found in 2003 have shown that only 15 of them were occupied and only four of them were successful. Clutch size ranged 3–4 in 2003. Average brood size was 2,90±0,31, range 1–4, n=10. Two unfertile eggs were found in the nest with 2 chicks in 2004, average brood size was 2,86±0,9, range 2–4, n=7 (including

Ðèñ. 1. Êàðòà ëåñîâ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ: 1 – ëåñà ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè Îáñêîãî ëåâîáåðåæüÿ 2 – ëåñà ãîðíîé ÷àñòè Îáñêîãî ëåâîáåðåæüÿ 3 – ëåñà Îáñêîãî ïðàâîáåðåæüÿ Fig. 1. The forests in the Altai Kray: 1 – forests in the plain part in the left bank of Ob’ 2 – forests in the mountain part in the left bank of Ob’ 3 – forests in the right bank of Ob’

Raptors Research

Raptors Conservation 2005, 3 íà ïåñêàõ ïî äîëèíå Îáè è ëîæáèíàì äðåâíåãî ñòîêà (ëåíòî÷íûå áîðû). Øèðîòíûé õàðàêòåð çîíàëüíîñòè íàðóøåí äîëèíîé Îáè è áëèçîñòüþ ãîðíûõ ñîîðóæåíèé Àëòàÿ è Ñàëàèðà, ïîýòîìó ãðàíèöû ïîäçîí íå èìåþò ñòðîãî øèðîòíîãî ïðîñòèðàíèÿ, à áëèæå ê ãîðàì ïðîõîäÿò ïî÷òè ìåðèäèîíàëüíî. (Àëåêñàíäðîâà è äð., 1958à, á; Àòëàñ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ, 1978; Îãóðååâà, 1980) (ðèñ. 1). Äëÿ êðàÿ õàðàêòåðíà î÷åíü âûñîêàÿ ñòåïåíü ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííîé îñâîåííîñòè. Îáùàÿ ïëîùàäü çåìåëü â àäìèíèñòðàòèâíûõ ãðàíèöàõ êðàÿ ñîñòàâëÿåò 167996 êì2, èç íèõ çåìëè ñåëüõîçóãîäèé çàíèìàþò 106156 êì2 (íà 1999 ã.), â òîì ÷èñëå ïëîùàäü ïàøíè ñîñòàâëÿåò 69152 êì2. Ñðåäíÿÿ ðàñïàõàííîñòü ñåëüõîçóãîäèé – 65,14 %, à â îòäåëüíûõ àäìèíèñòðàòèâíûõ ðàéîíàõ îíà äîõîäèò äî 87 % (Ñóáðåãèîíàëüíàÿ íàö. ïðîãðàììà…, 2000). Â îáùåì äîëÿ ïàøíè ìàêñèìàëüíà â Êóëóíäå è íà Ïðèîáñêîì ïëàòî, ìèíèìàëüíà â ãîðíî-òà¸æíîì ïîÿñå Àëòàÿ è Ñàëàèðà. Ïîêðûòûå ëåñîì òåððèòîðèè çàíèìàþò 35615 êì2 (21,2 % îáùåé ïëîùàäè çåìåëü) (Ìàòåðèàëû ê ãîñ. äîêëàäó…, 1998). Ïëîùàäü òåððèòîðèè Îáñêîãî ëåâîáåðåæüÿ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ ñîñòàâëÿåò 121569 êì2, ëåñîïîêðûòàÿ òåððèòîðèÿ – 16083 êì2 (10191 êì2 – ðàâíèííàÿ ÷àñòü ëåâîáåðåæüÿ, 5891 êì2 – ãîðíàÿ ÷àñòü ëåâîáåðåæüÿ) (ðèñ. 2).

Ìåòîäèêà Â 2001–2005 ãã., â ðàìêàõ ïðîåêòà «Áàëîáàí â Ðîññèè» Èíñòèòóòà èññëåäîâàíèÿ ñîêîëîâ (The Falcon Research Institute IWC Ltd.), à òàêæå ðÿäà ïðîåêòîâ ÌÁÎÎ «Ñèáýêîöåíòð» («Ñîõðàíåíèå öåííûõ ó÷àñòêîâ äèêîé ïðèðîäû: Ïëàíèðîâàíèå, óòâåðæäåíèå, îáùåñòâåííûé êîíòðîëü» è «Ñîõðàíåíèå äèêîé ïðèðîäû Àëòàÿ: ïðèîðèòåò ñòåïåé»), ïîëåâûìè îòðÿäàìè Öåíòðà ïîëåâûõ èññëåäîâàíèé è Ñèáýêîöåíòðà áûëà îáñëåäîâàíà ÷àñòü òåððèòîðèè Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ. Îáùàÿ ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü ýêñïåäèöèîííûõ ìàðøðóòîâ ñîñòàâèëà 23645 êì, èç íèõ àâòîìîáèëüíûõ – 22828, ïåøèõ – 817. Äëÿ ó÷¸òà âñåõ õèùíèêîâ áûëè çàëîæåíû 3 ó÷¸òíûõ ïëîùàäêè â âåðõíåì òå÷åíèè ð. Àëåé (804,18 êì2), â áàññåéíàõ ðåê Ëîêòåâêè (409,49 êì2) è ×àðûøà (96,99 êì2) îáùåé ïëîùàäüþ 1310,66 êì2. Òàêæå äëÿ ó÷¸òà îòäåëüíûõ âèäîâ áûëè çàëîæåíû åù¸ 12 ó÷¸òíûõ ïëîùàäîê ñ öåëüþ ìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ áèîòîïîâ. Äàííûå ïî òàêèì ïëîùàäêàì ïðèâîäÿòñÿ â âèäîâûõ î÷åðêàõ.

dead). A total of 92–130 pairs are estimated to breed in the Altai Kray (fig. 9). The Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus). A total of 9 breeding territories were found in the Altai Kray. All breeding areas were visited after fledgling, so the brood size was not measured. One or two juveniles were registered near every known nest. A total of 103–147 breeding pairs are estimated for the Altai Kray (fig. 10). The Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo). A total of 110 breeding areas were found on the territory of the Altai Kray: 30 were located in the foothills on the Western bank of the Ob’, 79 – in the plain region of the Western bank of the Ob’ and 1 – in the Eastern bank of the Ob’. There, 80 nests were found: 29 nests were located in niches in cliffs, 51 –on the ground, 49 of them – in the foot of pine-trees. Dead clutches (n=5) contained 1–2 eggs, average 1,8±0,45. Two dead broods contained 2 chicks each. Every case of death of clutches and broods in belt pine-forests was caused by humans. Average brood size in successful nests was 1,87±0,69, range 1–3, n=23. A total of 846–968 breeding pairs are estimated to breed in the Altai Kray (fig. 11). Ðèñ. 2. Êàðòà ïðèðîäíûõ ðàéîíîâ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ: 1 – ëåñîñòåïü è ñòåïü ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè Îáñêîãî ëåâîáåðåæüÿ (83175,01 êì 2) 2 – Ïðèîáñêèå áîðû (12331,15 êì 2), 3 – Áèå-×óìûøñêàÿ âîçâûøåííîñòü (21778,34 êì 2) 4 – ëåñîñòåïü è ñòåïü ïðåäãîðèé Àëòàÿ â Îáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå (29097,20 êì 2) 5 – ìåæäóðå÷üå Áèè è Êàòóíè (2773,83 êì2 ) 6 – ãîðíî-ëåñíîé ïîÿñ Àëòàÿ (11121,27 êì2) 7 – ãîðíî-ëåñíîé ïîÿñ Ñàëàèðà (7911,36 êì2) Fig. 2. The nature regions of the Altai Kray: 1 – forest-steppe and steppe in the plain part in the left bank of Ob’ (83175,01 km2) 2 – pine forests in the left bank of Ob’ (12331,15 km2) 3 – the Biya-Chumishskaya upland (21778,34 km2) 4 – forest-steppe and steppe in the foot of the Altai Mountains in the left bank of Ob’ (29097,20 km 2) 5 – the territory between the Biya and Katun’ rivers (2773,83 km2) 6 – mountain forests in Altai (11121,27 km2) 7 – mountain forests in Salair (7911,36 km2 )

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2005, 3 Ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ âûÿâëÿëèñü áîëüøåé ÷àñòüþ â õîäå àâòîìàðøðóòîâ ïî îòêðûòûì ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿì, â ìåíüøåé ñòåïåíè – â õîäå ïåøèõ ìàðøðóòîâ. Ðàáîòà áûëà îñíîâàíà íà ðåãèñòðàöèè îõîòÿùèõñÿ ïòèö è ïîèñêå ãí¸çä â ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïàõ. Ïîä ãíåçäîâûìè ó÷àñòêàìè ïîäðàçóìåâàþòñÿ òåððèòîðèè, íà êîòîðûõ áûëè îáíàðóæåíû ãí¸çäà (æèëûå èëè ïóñòóþùèå, íî àáîíèðóåìûå ïòèöàìè) ëèáî áûëè âñòðå÷åíû íåðàñïàâøèåñÿ âûâîäêè èëè âçðîñëûå ïòèöû, íåîäíîêðàòíî ïðîÿâëÿâøèå ïðèçíàêè áåñïîêîéñòâà êàê ïî îòíîøåíèþ ê ÷åëîâåêó, òàê è ïî îòíîøåíèþ ê äðóãèì ïòèöàì. Ê âîçìîæíûì ãíåçäîâûì ó÷àñòêàì ìû ïðèðàâíèâàåì èþíüñêèå âñòðå÷è âçðîñëûõ ïòèö ñ äîáû÷åé, íåîäíîêðàòíî ðåãèñòðèðîâàâøèåñÿ íà îäíîé è òîé æå òåððèòîðèè. Âûÿâëåííûå ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè êàðòèðîâàëèñü, äàííûå âíîñèëèñü â ñðåäó ÃÈÑ (ArcView 3.2a, ESRI, CA, USA), ãäå ïðîèçâîäèëñÿ ðàñ÷¸ò îáùåé ÷èñëåííîñòè, èíäèâèäóàëüíî äëÿ êàæäîãî âèäà, èñõîäÿ èç åãî ãíåçäîâûõ ñòåðåîòèïîâ (Êàðÿêèí, 1996; 2000). Òèïè÷íûå ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûå äëÿ âèäà áèîòîïû ìîäåëèðîâàëèñü íà îñíîâå ïîëåâûõ äàííûõ ïî êîñìîñíèìêàì ÐåñóðñÌÑÓ-Å, Landsat–7 è âåêòîðíûì êàðòàì Ì 1:200000 è 1:500000. Ïî ýòèì ñíèìêàì è êàðòàì îïðåäåëÿëàñü ïëîùàäü ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ, íà êîòîðóþ ïðÿìî ýêñòðàïîëèðîâàëèñü äàííûå ñ ó÷¸òíûõ ïëîùàäåé.

Ðåçóëüòàòû èññëåäîâàíèé Çìååÿä (Circaetus gallicus) Â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå îáèòàåò íà ñåâåðî-âîñòî÷íîé ãðàíèöå ñâîåãî ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ. Èíôîðìàöèÿ î ãíåçäîâàíèè çìååÿäà â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå èìååòñÿ ëèøü ó Ã.À. Âåëèæàíèíà (1930) – îí óêàçûâàåò ãíåçäî â âåðõîâüå ð. Áàðíàóëêè áëèç îç. Ãîðüêîå. Ïîçæå, â Îáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå êðàÿ ðåãèñòðèðîâàëèñü ëèøü ëåòíèå âñòðå÷è âèäà áëèç Áàðíàóëà (Íèêèòèí, 1990). Ïî äàííûì Êðàñíîé êíèãè (1998) â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå îáèòàåò íå áîëåå 10 ïàð çìååÿäîâ. Â õîäå íàøèõ èññëåäîâàíèé 1 èþëÿ 2003 ã. áûëî îáíàðóæåíî ãíåçäî çìååÿäà, ðàñïîëîæåííîå â âåðõíåé ÷àñòè êðîíû 22 ì ñîñíû, ðàñòóùåé íà âíåøíåé îïóøêå Áàðíàóëüñêîé ëåíòû íà òåððèòîðèè Òîï÷èõèíñêîãî ðàéîíà. Íà ìîìåíò îáíàðóæåíèÿ ãíåçäî áûëî ïóñòûì, îäíàêî âçðîñëûå ïòèöû äåðæàëèñü áëèç íåãî. Ñóäÿ ïî ñëåäàì ïîä ãíåçäîì, ðàçìíîæåíèå áûëî óñïåøíûì â ïðîøëîì ãîäó.

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Ðèñ. 3. Êàðòà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ çìååÿäà (Circaetus gallicus) â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå Fig. 3. The distribution of breeding territories of ShortToed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus) in Altai Kray

Ïðåäïîëîæèòåëüíî âçðîñëûé çìååÿä íàáëþäàëñÿ 13 ìàÿ 2003 ã. â Òðåòüÿêîâñêîì ðàéîíå áëèç ãðàíèöû ñ Êàçàõñòàíîì. Ïî ñòîëü ñêóäíûì äàííûì íå ïðåäñòàâëÿåòñÿ âîçìîæíûì îöåíèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü âèäà â Îáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ, îäíàêî îíà âðÿä ëè ïðåâûøàåò 10 ïàð (ðèñ. 3). Îð¸ë-êàðëèê (Hieraaetus pennatus) Â Êðàñíîé êíèãå Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ (1998) îð¸ë-êàðëèê ïðèâîäèòñÿ â ñòàòóñå ÷ðåçâû÷àéíî ðåäêîãî ïåðèôåðèéíîãî âèäà íà îñíîâàíèè îäíîé âñòðå÷è â áàññåéíå ð. Ìîñòîâàÿ íà Ñàëàèðñêîì êðÿæå. Â Îáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ ðàíåå íå íàáëþäàëñÿ. Ìû ðàñïîëàãàåì äâóìÿ âñòðå÷àìè ýòîãî âèäà â ãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä â Îáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå. 20 èþëÿ 2002 ã. âçðîñëûé êàðëèê ò¸ìíîé ìîðôû íàáëþäàëñÿ â ïîéìå Êàòóíè ïîä ã. Áèéñêîì. 10 èþëÿ 2003 ã. âçðîñëàÿ ïòèöà ò¸ìíîé ìîðôû áûëà âñòðå÷åíà íàä îç¸ðîì, ïðîòÿíóâøèìñÿ âäîëü îïóøêè áîðà â Óãëîâñêîì ðàéîíå. Íà òåððèòîðèè Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ ñïåöèàëüíûå ïîèñêè ãíåçä îðëà-êàðëèêà íå âåëèñü, îäíàêî, ó÷èòûâàÿ âñòðå÷è ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïòèö â Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè (ñì. ñòàòüþ íà ñòð. 54) è Ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé (íàøè äàííûå), ìîæíî ïðåäïîëàãàòü ñïîðàäè÷íîå ãíåçäîâàíèå îðëà-êàðëèêà â Îáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ â êîëè÷åñòâå 10–20 ïàð. Îð¸ë ñòåïíîé (Aquila nipalensis) Ýòî õàðàêòåðíûé âèä ñòåïíîé çîíû Ñåâåðíîé Åâðàçèè, â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå íàõîäèòñÿ íà ñåâåðíîé ãðàíèöå ñïëîøíîãî ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ.

Raptors Research

Îïåð¸ííûå ïòåíöû ñòåïíîãî îðëà (Aquila nipalensis) â ãíåçäå (25.07.2003). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà The juveniles of the Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis) on the nest (25/07/2003). Photo by I. Karyakin

Raptors Conservation 2005, 3 Äî ïîñëåäíåãî âðåìåíè áûëî èçâåñòíî î÷åíü ìàëî äîñòîâåðíûõ ñëó÷àåâ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ñòåïíîãî îðëà â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå. Î.ß. Ãàðìñ (Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà.., 1998) íàáëþäàë ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ñòåïíûõ îðëîâ áëèç ñ. Ñòàðîàëåéñêîå. Ëåòíèå âñòðå÷è èçâåñòíû â ñòåïíûõ ïðåäãîðüÿõ Àëòàÿ (Åãîðîâ, 1961; Èðèñîâ, Ãàðìñ, 1979; Ãàðìñ, Èðèñîâ, 1987), íà Êóëóíäèíñêîé ðàâíèíå (Ïåòðîâ, Èðèñîâ, 1995) è â ðÿäå äðóãèõ ðàéîíîâ (Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà..., 1998). Ïî ïðåäïîëîæåíèþ Í.Ë. Èðèñîâîé (Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà..., 1998), ÷èñëåííîñòü ãíåçäîâîé ãðóïïèðîâêè ñòåïíîãî îðëà â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå íå ïðåâûøàåò 10–15 ïàð, õîòÿ ïî å¸ æå äàííûì ýòîò âèä â âåðõîâüÿõ Àëåÿ ïîñëå ãíåçäîâîãî ïåðèîäà (24–25 àâãóñòà 1977 ã.) ðåãèñòðèðîâàëñÿ â êîëè÷åñòâå 17,5 îñ./100 êì ìàðøðóòà. Þ.Ñ. Ðàâêèí ñ ñîàâòîðàìè (1988) ïî äàííûì íà 1986 ã. îöåíèëè ÷èñëåííîñòü ñòåïíîãî îðëà íà Çàïàäíî-Ñèáèðñêîé ðàâíèíå â 850 îñîáåé èëè 200 ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàð. Çà 5 ïîëåâûõ ñåçîíîâ íàìè áûëî ëîêàëèçîâàíî 74 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà ñòåïíîãî îðëà. Âñå ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè ïðèóðî÷åíû ê ïîëîñå ïðåäãîðíûõ ñòåïåé Àëòàÿ, øèðèíà êîòîðîé èçìåíÿåòñÿ îò 20 êì íà ñåâåðå äî 70 êì íà þãå êðàÿ. Äàëåå ìû áóäåì ãîâîðèòü î íåé êàê î òåððèòîðèè, ïîòåíöèàëüíî ïðèãîäíîé äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ñòåïíîãî îðëà. Îáùàÿ ïëîùàäü ýòîé òåððèòîðèè ñîñòàâëÿåò 22066 êì2, ñ ïëîùàäüþ ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ (ñòåïíûå ó÷àñòêè ñ ïåðåñå÷åííûì ðåëüåôîì è óìåðåííîé ïàñòáèùíîé íàãðóçêîé) – 1954,80 êì2. Íà ó÷¸òíûõ ïëîùàäêàõ â 2001–2003 ãã. áûëî ëîêàëèçîâàíî 19 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ñòåïíûõ îðëîâ. Ñðåäíåå ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó ãí¸çäàìè ñòåïíûõ îðëîâ ñîñòàâèëî 3,04 êì (1,0 – 8,6 êì; n=17), ò.å. íà êàæäóþ ïàðó ïðèõîäèòñÿ 7,24 êì 2 ãíåçäîïðèãîäíîé èëè 68,98 êì2 îáùåé ïëîùàäè. Ïðÿìàÿ ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ ó÷¸òíûõ äàííûõ íà îáùóþ ïëîùàäü, ïîòåíöèàëüíî ïðèãîäíóþ äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ñòåïíîãî îðëà, ïîêàçûâàåò, ÷òî â ïðåäåëàõ âûäåëåííîãî ïîëèãîíà ìîæåò ãíåçäèòüñÿ 320 ïàð îðëîâ. Îäíàêî ýòà öèôðà ïðåäñòàâëÿåòñÿ íåñêîëüêî çàâûøåííîé, òàê êàê íà ó÷¸òíûõ ïëîùàäêàõ ïðîöåíò ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ äëÿ ñòåïíîãî îðëà áèîòîïîâ íåñêîëüêî âûøå, ÷åì ïðîöåíò òàêèõ áèîòîïîâ íà ðàññìàòðèâàåìîé

òåððèòîðèè, ïîòåíöèàëüíî ïðèãîäíîé äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ñòåïíîãî îðëà. Áîëåå òî÷íàÿ ïðÿìàÿ ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ íà ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûå áèîòîïû äà¸ò ÷èñëåííîñòü â 270 ïàð. Â 2002 ã. ïîìèìî ïëîùàäî÷íûõ ó÷¸òîâ áûë ïðîâåä¸í ó÷¸ò íà ìàðøðóòå ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòüþ 801,66 êì, ïî ïåðèôåðèè ïðåäãîðèé è Ïðåäàëòàéñêîé ðàâíèíû. Â õîäå ó÷¸òà áûëî âûÿâëåíî 5 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ. Øèðèíà ó÷¸òíîé ïîëîñû, ðàññ÷èòàííàÿ ïî ðåãèñòðàöèÿì ãí¸çä îðëîâ, ñîñòàâèëà 500 ì. Ïëîòíîñòü – 0,62 ïàðû/100 êì ìàðøðóòà èëè 1,25 ïàð/100 êì2 îáùåé ïëîùàäè. Ïåðåñ÷¸ò íà âñþ òåððèòîðèþ, ïîòåíöèàëüíî ïðèãîäíóþ äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ñòåïíîãî îðëà, ïîçâîëèë îïðåäåëèòü åãî ÷èñëåííîñòü â 275 ïàð.

Ãíåçäî ñòåïíîãî îðëà ñ êëàäêîé (17.05.2005). Ôîòî È. Ñìåëÿíñêîãî The nest of the Steppe Eagle with a clutch (17/05/2005). Photo by I. Smelansky

Îöåíêè ÷èñëåííîñòè ïî äàííûì ìàðøðóòíûõ è ïëîùàäî÷íûõ ó÷¸òîâ äàþò áëèçêèå ðåçóëüòàòû. Â ñâÿçè ñ ýòèì ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî ÷èñëåííîñòü ñòåïíîãî îðëà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè â ïîëîñå ñòåïíûõ ïðåäãîðèé Àëòàÿ, îïðåäåë¸ííàÿ â 270–280 ïàð, ÿâëÿåòñÿ íàèáîëåå áëèçêîé ê ðåàëüíîé. Â 2004 ã. îáñëåäîâàíèå òåððèòîðèè ñòåïíûõ ïðåäãîðèé â áàññåéíàõ Àëåÿ, ×àðûøà è Àíóÿ ïîêàçàëè ñïðàâåäëèâîñòü ýòèõ ðàñ÷¸òîâ: ñòåïíîé îð¸ë áûë îáíàðóæåí íà ãíåçäîâàíèè âåçäå, ãäå îíî ïðîãíîçèðîâàëîñü. Âåñüìà âåðîÿòíî ñïîðàäè÷íîå ãíåçäîâàíèå îòäåëüíûõ ïàð ñòåïíîãî îðëà è çà ïðåäåëàìè ïîëîñû ñòåïíûõ ïðåäãîðèé, â ÷àñòíîñòè íà Êóëóíäèíñêîé ðàâíèíå, îäíàêî, òàêèå ñëó÷àè äî ñèõ ïîð íåèçâåñòíû. Ëèøü îäíàæäû 21 ìàÿ 2003 ã. íà Êóëóíäèíñêîé ðàâíèíå íàìè íàáëþäàëñÿ îäèíî÷íûé âçðîñëûé ñòåïíîé îð¸ë. Çà ïåðèîä èññëåäîâàíèé áûëî îáíàðóæåíî 72 ãíåçäà ñòåïíîãî îðëà íà 59 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ. 32 èç íèõ áûëè æèëûìè íà ìîìåíò ïðîâåðêè, îñòàëüíûå ëèáî ñòàðûìè, ëèáî ïóñòóþùèìè ïî ðàçíûì ïðè-

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2005, 3 ÷èíàì, â òîì ÷èñëå ãí¸çäà ñ ïîãèáøèìè êëàäêàìè è âûâîäêàìè, êîëè÷åñòâî ÿèö è ïòåíöîâ â êîòîðûõ ñîñ÷èòàòü íå óäàëîñü. Èç îáùåãî êîëè÷åñòâà îáíàðóæåííûõ ãí¸çä 59 (81,94 %) ðàñïîëàãàëèñü íà íåáîëüøåõ ñêàëüíûõ âûõîäàõ íà îòêðûòûõ ïîëêàõ, 9 – íà ìîææåâåëîâîì ñòëàíèêå, ðàñòóùåì íà âåðøèíàõ ñêàëüíûõ âûõîäîâ ñòåïíûõ âîçâûøåííîñòåé, 2 ãíåçäà íà çåìëå íà ñêëîíàõ ñòåïíûõ óâàëîâ, 1 – íà ïðèðå÷íîé ñêàëå è 1 – íà ãîðèçîíòàëüíîé òðàâåðñå ìåòàëëè÷åñêîé îïîðû ËÝÏ. Â êëàäêå 1–3, â ñðåäíåì (M±SD) 1,86±0,53 ÿéöà (n=14). Â âûâîäêå 1–3, â ñðåäíåì 1,53±0,80 ïòåíöà íà óñïåøíîå ãíåçäî (n=17) è 0,86±0,97 ïòåíöà íà çàíÿòîå ãíåçäî (n=35). Ïî íàøèì äàííûì, êëàäêè ãèáíóò, â îñíîâíîì, ïî ïðè÷èíå áåñïîêîéñòâà ïòèö (4 èçâåñòíûõ ñëó÷àÿ), ðåæå íàáëþäàåòñÿ ãèáåëü ïòåíöîâ (2 ñëó÷àÿ). Â 2003 ã. èç-çà áåñïîêîéñòâà ëþäüìè ðîäèòåëè íàäîëãî ïîêèíóëè ãíåçäî, â ðåçóëüòàòå ÷åãî ìîëîäàÿ (ïîëíîñòüþ îïåð¸ííàÿ) ñàìêà ñúåëà ñâîåãî áðàòà (ñàìöà, îòñòàâàâøåãî â ðàçâèòèè íà íåäåëþ). Ïî íàáëþäåíèÿì 2002–2004 ãã. îêîëî 56 % ïàð ñòåïíûõ îðëîâ óñïåøíî âûâîäÿò ïîòîìñòâî. Èñõîäÿ èç ýòèõ ïîêàçàòåëåé, ìîæíî îïðåäåëèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü ñòåïíîãî îðëà â Îáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ â 151–157 óñïåøíî ðàçìíîæàþùèõñÿ ïàð â ãîä (ðèñ. 4). Èçâåñòíû 4 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà ñòåïíûõ îðëîâ, êîòîðûå ïðåêðàòèëè ñâî¸ ñóùåñòâîâàíèå çà ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû. Ó÷èòûâàÿ, ÷òî âñå ëîêàëèçîâàííûå ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè, çàíÿòûå îðëàìè íà 2004 ãîä, ÿâëÿþòñÿ ìíîãîëåòíèìè (ýòî îïðåäåëÿëîñü ïî êîëè÷åñòâó è âîçðàñòó ãíåçäîâûõ ïîñòðîåê), ìîæíî ãîâîðèòü î íåêîòîðîì ñîêðàùåíèè ÷èñëåííîñòè ñòåïíîãî îðëà (íà 7 %). Ìû ñ÷èòàåì, ÷òî îñíîâíîé ïðè÷èíîé èñ÷åçíîâåíèÿ ïòèö ñ ïîñòîÿííî çàíèìàåìûõ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïðåêðàùåíèå âû-

Ðèñ. 4. Êàðòà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ñòåïíîãî îðëà (Aquila nipalensis) â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå Fig. 4. The distribution of breeding territories of Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis) in the Altai Kray

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ ïàñà, ÷òî ïðèâîäèò ê óâåëè÷åíèþ ãóñòîòû è âûñîòû òðàâîñòîÿ íà ïàñòáèùàõ, çàðàñòàíèþ ñêîòîñáîåâ áóðüÿíèñòîé ðàñòèòåëüíîñòüþ. Ñóäÿ ïî îñòàíêàì æåðòâ ïîä ïðèñàäàìè è íà ãí¸çäàõ, îñíîâíûìè îáúåêòàìè ïèòàíèÿ ñòåïíîãî îðëà â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå ÿâëÿþòñÿ àëòàéñêèé öîêîð, êðàñíîù¸êèé ñóñëèê, ñòåïíàÿ ïèùóõà, ìåëêèå ìûøåâèäíûå ãðûçóíû è âðàíîâûå, ïðè÷¸ì àëòàéñêèé öîêîð è âðàíîâûå äîìèíèðóþò ïî âñòðå÷àåìîñòè. Àíàëèç ïîãàäîê èç ãí¸çä ñòåïíîãî îðëà 2004 ãîäà, âûïîëíåííûé Î. Ãîí÷àðîâîé, ïîêàçàë, ÷òî â ïèòàíèè ïàð, ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ â áàññåéíå ×àðûøà è Àíóÿ âñòðå÷àåòñÿ 6–10 âèäîâ ãðûçóíîâ, 2–3 âèäà âðàíîâûõ è êóðèíûõ ïòèö, ïðè àáñîëþòíîì äîìèíèðîâàíèè àëòàéñêîãî öîêîðà (Ñìåëÿíñêèé è äð., â ïå÷àòè). Ïîäîðëèê áîëüøîé (Aquila clanga) Ê.Ò. Þðëîâ (1974) ñ÷èòàë ïîäîðëèêà îáû÷íîé ãíåçäÿùåéñÿ ïòèöåé ëåñíûõ êîëêîâ è áîðîâ Êóëóíäû. Ëåòíèå âñòðå÷è èçâåñòíû â ðàçëè÷íûõ ðàéîíàõ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ, â òîì ÷èñëå è â Îáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå (Âåëèæàíèí, 1928; Ñåëåâèí, 1928; Êó÷èí, 1976, 1991; Ðàâêèí, 1973; Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà…, 1998) Â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ â ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè Îáñêîãî ëåâîáåðåæüÿ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ áîëüøîé ïîäîðëèê ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñàìûì îáû÷íûì èç îðëîâ. Â 2003 ã. òîëüêî â äâóõ áîðîâûõ ëåíòàõ íàìè áûëî ëîêàëèçîâàíî 50 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ áîëüøîãî ïîäîðëèêà, à â 2004 ã. â ýòèõ æå ëåíòàõ åù¸ 2, ðàíåå íå èçâåñòíûõ è 6 íîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ â Êóëóíäèíñêîé ëåíòå è îñòðîâíûõ ëåñàõ âäîëü ð. Êóëóíäû. Â ãîðíîé ÷àñòè êðàÿ ïîäîðëèê íå áûë âñòðå÷åí, ïîýòîìó òåððèòîðèÿ, ïîòåíöèàëüíî ïðèãîäíàÿ äëÿ åãî ãíåçäîâàíèÿ, â Îáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå îãðàíè÷åíà ëåñàìè ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè, ïëîùàäü êîòîðûõ ñîñòàâëÿåò 10191 êì2. Ïî íàøèì íàáëþäåíèÿì, äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ïîäîðëèêó íåîáõîäèìà ñîâîêóïíîñòü âîäíî-áîëîòíûõ óãîäèé è ëåñà, ïðè÷¸ì ñîñòàâ è âîçðàñò ëåñà îñîáîé ðîëè íå èãðàþò. Ïîäîðëèê ìîæåò ãíåçäèòüñÿ â óãíåò¸ííûõ ëèñòâåííûõ ëåñàõ. Â áîðàõ îí èçáåãàåò ñòàðûõ ó÷àñòêîâ, ïðåäïî÷èòàÿ ñåëèòüñÿ â áîëåå ìîëîäûõ (60–80 ëåò) è ìåíåå ðàçðåæåííûõ. Îñíîâíûì êðèòåðèåì, ïðåäúÿâëÿåìûì ê ãíåçäîâîìó áèîòîïó, ÿâëÿåòñÿ íàëè÷èå âîäî¸ìà èëè êðóïíîãî áîëîòà (ïîðÿäêà 1 êì2 è áîëåå) â íåïîñðåäñòâåííîé áëèçîñòè îò ëåñíîãî ìàññèâà èëè âíóòðè íåãî. Ãíåçäîïðèãîäíîé ÿâëÿåòñÿ òàêæå ïîëîñà ëåñà âäîëü âîäíî-áîëîò-

Raptors Research

Áîëüøîé ïîäîðëèê (Aquila clanga) (27.05.2003). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà The Great Spotted Eagle (Aquila clanga) (27/05/2003). Photo by I. Karyakin

Ðèñ. 5. Êàðòà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ áîëüøîãî ïîäîðëèêà (Aquila clanga) â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå Fig. 5. The distribution of breeding territories of Great Spotted Eagle (Aquila clanga) in the Altai Kray

Raptors Conservation 2005, 3 íîãî êîìïëåêñà. Èñõîäÿ èç ýòèõ õàðàêòåðèñòèê, ìîæíî îïðåäåëèòü ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ â 1023 êì. Íà ìîäåëüíûõ ó÷àñòêàõ â Óãëîâñêîì, Âîë÷èõèíñêîì, Ðîìàíîâñêîì è Ìàìîíòîâñêîì ðàéîíàõ îáíàðóæåíî 19 ãí¸çä ýòîãî îðëà. Ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó ãíåçäàìè è öåíòðàìè ó÷àñòêîâ, íà êîòîðûõ ðåãèñòðèðîâàëèñü ñë¸òêè, ñîñòàâëÿåò 1,82–10,64, â ñðåäíåì 5,94 êì (n=23). Íà 1 ïàðó ïòèö ïðèõîäèòñÿ 27,67 êì2 ëåñíîé ïëîùàäè èëè 3,3 êì îáëåñ¸ííîé ÷àñòè ïåðèôåðèè âîäíî-áîëîòíûõ êîìïëåêñîâ. Ïåðåñ÷¸ò ïîêàçàòåëåé ëåñíîé ïëîùàäè, ïðèõîäÿùåéñÿ íà ïàðó ïòèö, íà âñþ ëåñíóþ ïëîùàäü ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè ëåâîáåðåæüÿ äà¸ò îöåíêó ÷èñëåííîñòè â 368 ïàð, ÷òî, ïî íàøåìó ìíåíèþ, çàâûøåíî. Ñâÿçàíî ýòî â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü ñ òåì, ÷òî ó÷¸ò â¸ëñÿ íà ëåñíîé ïëîùàäè, áîëåå ïðèãîäíîé äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ïîäîðëèêà, ÷åì îáùàÿ òåððèòîðèÿ ëåñîâ, íà êîòîðóþ ýêñòðàïîëèðîâàíû äàííûå. Ïåðåñ÷¸ò ëèíåéíûõ åäèíèö (ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòè îáëåñ¸ííîé ÷àñòè ïåðèôåðèè âîäíî-áîëîòíûõ êîìïëåêñîâ, ïðèõîäÿùåéñÿ íà òåððèòîðèàëüíóþ ïàðó) äà¸ò îöåíêó â 310 ïàð, ÷òî, âèäèìî, áëèæå ê ðåàëüíîé ÷èñëåííîñòè âèäà. Â ðàñ÷¸ò íå áûëà âêëþ÷åíà ïîéìà Îáè, â ëåñàõ êîòîðîé ïîäîðëèê, âåðîÿòíî, ãíåçäèòñÿ. Çäåñü, â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ñåë Àêóòèõà, Ðàññêàçèõà è Êó÷óê, îðëîâ íàáëþäàë Á.Í. Ôîìèí (Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà…, 1998). Ïîéìà Îáè â ïðåäåëàõ êðàÿ íå áûëà îáñëåäîâàíà; ïðåäïîëîæèòåëüíî, çäåñü ìîæåò ãíåçäèòüñÿ 5–8 ïàð îðëîâ. Âîçìîæíî, îòäåëüíûå ïàðû ñïîðàäè÷íî ãíåçäÿòñÿ ïî ïîéìàì ðåê è â ãîðíîé ÷àñòè êðàÿ, îäíàêî âðÿä ëè ýòî ÿâëåíèå íîñèò çàêîíîìåðíûé õàðàêòåð. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ÷èñëåííîñòü áîëüøîãî ïîäîðëèêà â Îáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ ìîæíî îöåíèòü â 310–320 ïàð.

Â ìåæäóðå÷üå Áèè è Êàòóíè áîëüøîé ïîäîðëèê ãíåçäèòñÿ â áîðàõ âäîëü Áèè. Çäåñü â 2004 ã. áûë ëîêàëèçîâàí îäèí ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê (1 ãíåçäî), à îáùóþ ÷èñëåííîñòü ìîæíî îöåíèòü â 4–6 ïàð. Â ïðàâîáåðåæüå Îáè ïîäîðëèê ãíåçäèòñÿ â áîðàõ, îäíàêî, ïîëíîöåííûõ ó÷¸òîâ ýòîãî âèäà çäåñü íå ïðîâîäèëîñü. Ïðåäïîëîæèòåëüíî, åãî ïëîòíîñòü â ýòèõ áèîòîïàõ àíàëîãè÷íà íàáëþäàâøåéñÿ íàìè â Ñóçóíñêîì áîðó â ïðåäåëàõ Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè – 1 ïàðà íà 5,7 êì îáëåñ¸ííîé ÷àñòè ïåðèôåðèè âîäíî-áîëîòíûõ êîìïëåêñîâ. Òîãäà åãî ÷èñëåííîñòü äëÿ ïîáåðåæèé îç¸ð è áîëîò âíóòðè ïðèîáñêèõ áîðîâ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ (176,4 êì) ìîæåò áûòü îöåíåíà â 28–34, â ñðåäíåì â 31 ïàðó. Â õîäå èññëåäîâàíèé íà Áèå-×óìûøñêîé âîçâûøåííîñòè ïîäîðëèê íå áûë îáíàðóæåí. Â ïðåäãîðüÿõ Ñàëàèðà èçâåñòíû âñòðå÷è òîëüêî â ïîéìå ð. ×óìûø, ãäå, äàæå ïî ñàìûì îïòèìèñòè÷íûì îöåíêàì, ãíåçäèòñÿ íå áîëåå 8–10 ïàð. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, îáùóþ ÷èñëåííîñòü áîëüøîãî ïîäîðëèêà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå ìû îöåíèâàåì â 350–370 ïàð, â ñðåäíåì 360 ïàð. Èç 25 èçâåñòíûõ ãí¸çä 22 ðàñïîëàãàëèñü íà ñîñíàõ, 2 – íà áåð¸çàõ, 1 – íà îñèíå. Åù¸ 3 ãíåçäà íà ñîñíàõ è 1 íà áåð¸çå, ðàíåå ïîñòðîåííûå ïîäîðëèêàìè, â ãîä îáíàðóæåíèÿ çàíèìàëèñü êîðøóíàìè (Milvus migrans). Òðè îñìîòðåííûå â 2003 ã. êëàäêè ñîäåðæàëè 2 ÿéöà; â îäíîé èç íèõ âûëóïèëñÿ 1 ïòåíåö, äðóãàÿ ïîãèáëà, ñóäüáà òðåòüåé íå áûëà ïðîñëåæåíà. Ïîìèìî ýòîãî, áûëî íàéäåíî åù¸ 2 ãíåçäà ñ ïîãèáøèìè êëàäêàìè, ñîäåðæàâøèìè ïî 2 ÿéöà. Â èþëüñêèõ âûâîäêàõ ïîäîðëèêà 1–2 ïòåíöà, â ñðåäíåì 1,6±0,52 (n=8). Óñïåõ ðàçìíîæåíèÿ îáúåêòèâíî íå áûë îöåíåí, ò.ê. â 2003 ã. íàáëþäàëàñü ëîêàëüíàÿ äåïðåññèÿ ÷èñëåííîñòè âîäÿíîé ïîëåâêè, à â 2004 ã. ïðîâåðÿëèñü ëèøü 4 ãíåçäà (â äðóãèå ãîäû ðàáîòà ïî ýòîìó âèäó íå âåëàñü). Îäíàêî, ìîæíî ñ óâåðåííîñòüþ ñêàçàòü, ÷òî ïðîöåíò óñïåøíûõ ïàð ó áîëüøîãî ïîäîðëèêà âûøå, ÷åì ó ñòåïíîãî îðëà, è ñîñòàâëÿåò íå ìåíåå 70 %. Èñõîäÿ èç ýòèõ äàííûõ, ìîæíî îöåíèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü áîëüøîãî ïîäîðëèêà â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå â 245–259, â ñðåäíåì 252 óñïåøíî ðàçìíîæàþùèõñÿ ïàð â ãîä (ðèñ. 5). Ïèòàíèå ïîäîðëèêà â êðàå õàðàêòåðíî äëÿ âèäà – ýòî âîäÿíàÿ ïîë¸âêà, ìåëêèå ìûøåâèäíûå ãðûçóíû, îêîëîâîäíûå è âîäîïëàâàþùèå ïòèöû, õîòÿ, â îòëè÷èå îò áîëåå ñåâåðíûõ ðàéîíîâ (Íîâîñèáèðñêàÿ îáëàñòü), â ïèòàíèè îáû÷íû ñóñëèê

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2005, 3

Ãíåçäî áîëüøîãî ïîäîðëèêà (27.05.2003). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà The nest of the Great Spotted Eagle (27/05/2003). Photo by I. Karyakin

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

è ïòèöû ñòåïíûõ ìåñòîîáèòàíèé (ïåðåïåë, ñåðàÿ êóðîïàòêà). Èíòåðåñíû âçàèìîîòíîøåíèÿ ïîäîðëèêà ñ äðóãèìè êðóïíûìè ïåðíàòûìè õèùíèêàìè â êðàå. Îáùåèçâåñòíû êîíôëèêòíûå îòíîøåíèÿ ïîäîðëèêà è ôèëèíà (Bubo bubo). Íàì íåîäíîêðàòíî ïðèõîäèëîñü íàáëþäàòü àêòèâíîå áåñïîêîéñòâî ïîäîðëèêîâ êàê íà åñòåñòâåííóþ âîêàëèçàöèþ ôèëèíîâ, òàê è íà èìèòàöèþ èõ êðèêîâ. 13 èþëÿ 2003 ã. îñòàíêè ñë¸òêà ïîäîðëèêà ïðîøëîãî ãîäà îáíàðóæåíû ïîä ïðèñàäîé ôèëèíà, à ãîëîâà, âèäèìî ýòîãî æå ñë¸òêà, â ãíåçäå â 300-õ ì îò ïðèñàäû. Ïî-âèäèìîìó, êîíôëèêòíûå îòíîøåíèÿ âîçíèêàþò ìåæäó ïîäîðëèêîì è ìîãèëüíèêîì (Aquila heliaca), è ìîãèëüíèê, êàê áîëåå ñèëüíûé îð¸ë, âûòåñíÿåò ïîäîðëèêîâ ñî ñâîèõ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ. Âî âñÿêîì ñëó÷àå, òàì, ãäå ìîãèëüíèê ãíåçäèòñÿ ñ äîñòàòî÷íî âûñîêîé ïëîòíîñòüþ áîëåå èëè ìåíåå ðàâíîìåðíî, ïîäîðëèê îòñóòñòâóåò äàæå â ïîäõîäÿùèõ áèîòîïàõ. Âîçìîæíî, èìåííî ïåðåêðûâàíèå ñ ìîãèëüíèêîì ïðèâîäèò ê îòñóòñòâèþ ïîäîðëèêà â ñòàðûõ áîðàõ ïî áåðåãàì îç¸ð, îïóøêè êîòîðûõ íà ãðàíèöå ñî ñòåïüþ ïëîòíî íàñåëåíû ïåðâûì. Ìîãèëüíèê (Aquila heliaca) Ìîãèëüíèê áûë è îñòàåòñÿ õàðàêòåðíûì, øèðîêîðàñïðîñòðàíåííûì õèùíèêîì Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ. À.Ï. è Ã.À. Âåëèæàíèíû (1929) ñ÷èòàëè åãî ðåäêèì ãíåçäÿùèìñÿ âèäîì â Áàðíàóëüñêîì îêðóãå. Ïî äàííûì È.Ì. è Ï.Ì. Çàëåññêèõ (1931) ìîãèëüíèê ãíåçäèëñÿ â Êóëóíäèíñêîì, Ïðèèðòûøñêîì è Âåðõíåîáñêîì ó÷àñòêàõ, â Ñåâåðî-Çàïàäíîì è Çàïàäíîì Àëòàå. Ãíåçäîâàíèå ìîãèëüíèêà îòìå÷àëîñü ó ñ. Íîâåíüêîå (Àâåðèí, Ëàâðîâ, 1911) è íà Êîëûâàíñêîì õðåáòå (Ñåëåâèí, 1928). Ê.Ò. Þðëîâ (1974) óêàçûâàåò ìîãèëüíèêà êàê ðåäêèé ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ âèä â Êóëóíäå. Â 80–90-õ ãã. âèä íàéäåí íà ãíåçäîâàíèè ó ñ. Ñåëèâåðñòîâî Âîë÷èõèíñêîãî ðàéîíà (Ïåòðîâ è äð., 1992), â Êóëóíäèíñêîì ëåíòî÷íîì áîðó (Ïåòðîâ, Èðèñîâ, 1995) è â Êàñìàëèíñêîé ëåíòå (Ïåòðîâ, Ìåðêóøåâ, 1999). Âñòðå÷è ïòèö â ëåòíèé ïåðèîä îòìå÷àëèñü ïðàêòè÷åñêè ïî âñåé òåððèòîðèè Îáñêîãî ëåâîáåðåæüÿ (Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà…, 1998).

Êëàäêà áîëüøîãî ïîäîðëèêà (27.05.2003). Ïóõîâîé ïòåíåö áîëüøîãî ïîäîðëèêà (27.05.2003). Îïåðÿþùèåñÿ ïòåíöû áîëüøîãî ïîäîðëèêà â ãíåçäå íà ñîñíå (14.07.2004). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà The clutch of the Great Spotted Eagle (27/05/2003). The chick of the Great Spotted Eagle (27/05/2003). The chicks of the Great Spotted Eagle on the nest on a pine tree (14/07/2004). Photos by I. Karyakin

Çà 2001–2004 ãã. íàìè áûëî ëîêàëèçîâàíî 107 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ìîãèëüíèêà: 28 – â ïðåäãîðüÿõ Àëòàÿ è 79 – â ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè Îáñêîãî ëåâîáåðåæüÿ. Â ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè ìîãèëüíèê ãíåçäèòñÿ ïî îïóøêàì ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðîâ. Ïî ó÷¸òàì 2003 ã. íà 1283 êì îïóøêè ïóò¸ì ñïëîøíîãî îáñëåäîâàíèÿ íà àâòîìàðøðóòå îáíàðóæåíî 69 ãí¸çä ìîãèëüíèêà. 65 ãí¸çä ðàñïîëàãàëèñü íà îïóøêå ñòàðûõ ñîñíîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ âäîëü ñòåïè, îñòàëüíûå 4 ãíåçäà íà îïóøêàõ âäîëü îç¸ð, ñîëîí÷àêîâ è ðàñïàõàííûõ ó÷àñòêîâ. Íà 1 ãíåçäÿùóþñÿ ïàðó ïðèõîäèòñÿ 18,59 êì ëåñíîé îïóøêè, èëè 7,39 êì îïóøêè ñîñíîâîãî ëåñà ñòàðøå 80

Raptors Research

Raptors Conservation 2005, 3 ëåò, èëè 3,5 êì îïóøêè ñîñíîâîãî ëåñà ñòàðøå 80 ëåò âäîëü íåðàñïàõàííîé ñòåïè. Àíàëèç êîñìîñíèìêîâ ïîêàçàë, ÷òî îáùàÿ ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü îïóøêè ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðîâ ñîñòàâëÿåò 2417 êì, èç íèõ 939 êì ïðèõîäèòñÿ íà ñòàðûå ñîñíîâûå ëåñà è 437,5 êì íà ñòàðûå ñîñíîâûå ëåñà âäîëü íåðàñïàõàííûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ñòåïè. Ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ ó÷¸òíûõ äàííûõ íà ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü îïóøêè ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðîâ â Îáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ äà¸ò îöåíêó â 130, 127 è 125 ïàð ñîîòâåòñòâåííî. Öèôðû ïîëó÷àþòñÿ î÷åíü áëèçêèå, à ïîñëåäíèé ïîêàçàòåëü ìîæíî ñ÷èòàòü ìàêñèìàëüíî áëèçêèì ê ðåàëüíîìó. ×àñòü ïîïóëÿöèè ìîãèëüíèêà â ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè ëåâîáåðåæüÿ ãíåçäèòñÿ íà áåð¸çàõ â îáëàñòè ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ êîëî÷íûõ ìåëêîëèñòâåííûõ ëåñîâ. Ýòà òåððèòîðèÿ â ïðåäåëàõ êðàÿ íå îáñëåäîâàëàñü àâòîðàìè, îäíàêî ìû ðàñïîëàãàåì ó÷¸òíûìè äàííûìè ïî òàêîìó æå áèîòîïó íà ïîãðàíè÷íîé òåððèòîðèè Êàçàõñòàíà, ãäå ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâëÿåò 0,61 ïàð íà 100 êì2 îáùåé ïëîùàäè èëè 0,04 ïàð íà 100 êì2 ïëîùàäè êîëêîâ. Èç ýòèõ äàííûõ ñëåäóåò, ÷òî íà 1 ïàðó ïðèõîäèòñÿ 163,34 êì2 îáùåé ïëîùàäè èëè 50,79 êì2 ïëîùàäè êîëêîâ. Ïëîùàäü òåððèòîðèè, ïîêðûòîé ëèñòâåííûìè êîëêîâûìè ëåñàìè â Îáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå ñîñòàâëÿåò 2539,45 êì2. Ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ ïîçâîëÿåò ïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî âíå áîðîâ â ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè Îáñêîãî ëåâîáåðåæüÿ ãíåçäèòñÿ åù¸ 50–60 ïàð ìîãèëüíèêîâ. Â ïðåäãîðüÿõ Àëòàÿ ìîãèëüíèê ðàñïðîñòðàí¸í âïëîòü äî ïîëîñû ñïëîøíûõ ëåñîâ, êóäà ïðîíèêàåò ïî ðå÷íûì äîëèíàì. Ýòîò îð¸ë ãíåçäèòñÿ ïðàêòè÷åñêè èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî â ïîéìåííûõ ëåñàõ è â ïîëîñå ïðåäãîðíîé ñòåïè. Îäíàêî íàèáîëåå îïòèìàëüíûå óñëîâèÿ äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ýòîãî âèäà íàõîäÿòñÿ â ïîëîñå ïðåäãîðíîé ëåñîñòåïè, ãäå ëåñîïîêðûòîñòü âàðüèðóåò îò 10 äî 60 %. Çäåñü ìîãèëüíèê ãíåçäèòñÿ â êîëêî-

âûõ ëèñòâåííûõ, ñìåøàííûõ è ëèñòâåííè÷íûõ ëåñàõ, ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ïî ñêëîíàì ðå÷íûõ äîëèí. Îáùàÿ ïëîùàäü òåððèòîðèè, ïîòåíöèàëüíî ïðèãîäíîé äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ìîãèëüíèêà â ïðåäãîðüÿõ Àëòàÿ, ñîñòàâëÿåò 16274,15 êì2. Íà ó÷¸òíûõ ìàðøðóòàõ 2002–2003 ãã. îáùåé ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòüþ 985,16 êì áûëî âûÿâëåíî 26 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ìîãèëüíèêà. Øèðèíà ó÷¸òíîé ïîëîñû, ðàññ÷èòàííàÿ ïî ðåãèñòðàöèÿì ãí¸çä è âûâîäêîâ îðëîâ, ñîñòàâèëà 1,5 êì. Ïëîòíîñòü – 2,64 ïàðû íà 100 êì ìàðøðóòà èëè 1,76 ïàð íà 100 êì2 îáùåé ïëîùàäè. Ïåðåñ÷¸ò íà âñþ òåððèòîðèþ, ïîòåíöèàëüíî ïðèãîäíóþ äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ìîãèëüíèêà, ïîçâîëèë îïðåäåëèòü åãî ÷èñëåííîñòü â 286 ïàð. Ïîìèìî ó÷¸òíîãî ìàðøðóòà, 16–17 èþëÿ 2002 ã. â äîëèíå ð. Àíóé è 17–18 èþëÿ 2002 ã. â äîëèíå ð. ×àðûø ïðîâåäåíû ó÷¸òû ìîãèëüíèêà íà ó÷¸òíûõ ïëîùàäêàõ ïëîùàäüþ 350,2 è 390,5 êì2 ñîîòâåòñòâåííî. Âûáðàííûå ó÷¸òíûå ïëîùàäè ïî ñâîèì õàðàêòåðèñòèêàì (îáëåñ¸ííîñòü, ïåðåñå÷¸ííîñòü, ïëîùàäü ïàñòáèù ñ óìåðåííîé íàãðóçêîé) ñîîòâåòñòâóþò óñðåäí¸ííîé ìîäåëè ïîòåíöèàëüíî ïðèãîäíîé ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ìîãèëüíèêà òåððèòîðèè â ïðåäãîðü-

Ñàìêà îðëà-ìîãèëüíèêà (Aquila heliaca) íàä ãíåçäîì (23.05.2003). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà Ðèñ. 6. Êàðòà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ìîãèëüíèêà (Aquila heliaca) â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå Fig. 6. The distribution of breeding territories of Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) in the Altai Kray

The female of the Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) above the nest (23/05/2003). Photo by I. Karyakin

ÿõ Àëòàÿ. Íà ýòèõ ïëîùàäêàõ ó÷òåíî 8 è 6 ïàð ñîîòâåòñòâåííî. Ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâèëà 1,9 ïàð/100 êì2 îáùåé ïëîùàäè èëè 6,3 ïàð/100 êì2 ëåñíîé ïëîùàäè. Ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ ó÷¸òíûõ äàííûõ ñ ïëîùàäîê íà îáùóþ ïëîùàäü òåððèòîðèè, ïîòåíöèàëüíî ïðèãîäíóþ äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ìîãèëüíèêà, ïîçâîëèëà îöåíèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü â 308 ïàð, à íà ëåñîïîêðûòóþ òåððèòîðèþ (4682,28 êì2) – 295 ïàð.

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2005, 3

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ðàñ÷¸ò ÷èñëåííîñòè ìîãèëüíèêà ñ ó÷¸òíûõ ìàðøðóòîâ è ïëîùàäîê äëÿ òåððèòîðèè ïðåäãîðèé äà¸ò ÷èñëåííîñòü â 286– 308 ïàð. Îáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü ìîãèëüíèêà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè â Îáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå ìîæåò áûòü îöåíåíà â 461–498 ïàð, èç êîòîðûõ 38 % ïàð ãíåçäèòñÿ â ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè è 62 % – â ãîðíîé. Â Îáñêîì ïðàâîáåðåæüå ìîãèëüíèê íà ãíåçäîâàíèè íå îáíàðóæåí, íåñìîòðÿ íà òî, ÷òî â 2004 ã. áûëè îáñëåäîâàíû âñå èçâåñòíûå ðàíåå ìåñòà ãíåçäîâàíèÿ âèäà íà Áèå-×óìûøñêîé âîçâûøåííîñòè è âäîëü Áèè. Ïîñëåäíÿÿ èíôîðìàöèè î ãíåçäîâàíèè ìîãèëüíèêà íà äàííîé òåððèòîðèè ïðèõîäèòñÿ íà êîíåö 60-õ ãã. (Êó÷èí, 1976). Çà âåñü ïåðèîä èññëåäîâàíèé îáíàðóæåíî 92 ãíåçäà ìîãèëüíèêà (çà èñêëþ÷åíèåì Òèïè÷íîå ãíåçäî îðëà-ìîãèëüíèêà íà âåðïîñòðîåê, êîòîðûå áûëè çàøèíå ñîñíû íà îïóøêå ëåíòî÷íîãî áîðà íÿòû áàëîáàíîì (Falco (22.05.2003). Êëàäêà îðëà-ìîãèëüíèêà (22.05.2003). cherrug)), 63 èç êîòîðûõ Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà îêàçàëèñü æèëûìè è 29 ïóñThe typical nest of the Imperial Eagle on òîâàëè: 2 ãíåçäà ñîäåðæàëè the top of a pine tree on edge of a line êëàäêè èç 2-õ ÿèö, â 22 ãí¸çpine forest (22/05/2003). äàõ íàõîäèëèñü ïòåíöû ðàçThe clutch of the Imperial Eagle (22/ íîãî âîçðàñòà è 39 ãí¸çä 05/2003). Photos by I. Karyakin áûëè æèëûìè, íî èõ ñîäåðæèìîå íå áûëî ïðîâåðåíî ïî ðàçíûì ïðè÷èíàì, â 4-õ ãí¸çäàõ îêàçàëèñü ïîãèáøèå êëàäêè èç 2-õ ÿèö è 25 ãí¸çä ïóñòîâàëî íà ìîìåíò îáíàðóæåíèÿ, â áîëüøèíñòâå ñëó÷àåâ ïî ïðè÷èíå íåóäà÷íîãî ðàçìíîæåíèÿ. Â êëàäêå – 2 ÿéöà (n=6, ñ ó÷¸òîì ïîãèáøèõ). Â âûâîäêå – 1–2

(n=20), â ñðåäíåì 1,55±0,51 ïòåíöà. Â ë¸òíîì âûâîäêå – 1–2 (n=8), â ñðåäíåì 1,38±0,52 ñë¸òêà. Â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå ìîãèëüíèêè óñòðàèâàþò ãí¸çäà èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî íà äåðåâüÿõ. Îñíîâíàÿ ìàññà îáíàðóæåííûõ ãí¸çä ðàñïîëîæåíà íà ñîñíàõ – 84, îñòàëüíûå íà áåð¸çàõ – 5, ëèñòâåííèöàõ – 2 è òîïîëå – 1. Äîìèíèðîâàíèå ãí¸çä íà ñîñíàõ â ýòîé âûáîðêå ñâÿçàíî â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü ñ òåì, ÷òî â ïåðèîä ïðîâåäåíèÿ èññëåäîâàíèé îíè áûëè íàèáîëåå äîñòóïíû äëÿ ïîèñêà è íàèáîëåå çàìåòíû. Ñêîðåå âñåãî, áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü ìîãèëüíèêîâ, ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ â ðåãèîíå, óñòðàèâàåò ãí¸çäà íà áåð¸çàõ. Áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü ãí¸çä ìîãèëüíèêà â ïðåäãîðüÿõ Àëòàÿ ïðèóðî÷åíà ê ëåòíèì ëàãåðÿì ñêîòà è ôåðìàì. Â ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè êðàÿ òàêîå òÿãîòåíèå ìåíåå âûðàæåíî. Óñïåõ ðàçìíîæåíèÿ äëÿ òåððèòîðèè êðàÿ íå áûë ïðîñëåæåí. Êîñâåííî î í¸ì ìîæíî ñóäèòü ïî êîëè÷åñòâó ïóñòóþùèõ ãí¸çä â êîíöå ñåçîíà ðàçìíîæåíèÿ, êîòîðûå ñîñòàâëÿþò 30,9 % îò îáùåãî êîëè÷åñòâà îáíàðóæåííûõ. Ó÷èòûâàÿ ýòó öèôðó, ìîæíî îöåíèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü ãíåçäîâîé ãðóïïèðîâêè ìîãèëüíèêà â Îáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ â 319–344 óñïåøíî ðàçìíîæàþùèõñÿ ïàð â ãîä (ðèñ. 6). Îñíîâíûìè îáúåêòàìè ïèòàíèÿ ìîãèëüíèêà â êðàå ÿâëÿþòñÿ ñóñëèêè (êðàñíîù¸êèé è äëèííîõâîñòûé) è âðàíîâûå. Â ñâÿçè ñî ñïåöèàëèçàöèåé íà äîáû÷å ñóñëèêîâ, ìîãèëüíèê, òàê æå êàê è ñòåïíîé îðåë, ìîæåò ñòðàäàòü îò ïðåêðàùåíèÿ âûïàñà, îäíàêî ñëó÷àåâ èñ÷åçíîâåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ïî ýòîé ïðè÷èíå íàì íå èçâåñòíî. Áåðêóò (Aquila chrysaetos) Â íà÷àëå ÕÕ âåêà áåðêóò ñ÷èòàëñÿ ðåäêîé ãíåçäÿùåéñÿ ïòèöåé ëåñíûõ òåððèòîðèé êðàÿ, îòìå÷àëñÿ â ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðàõ, îäíàêî ðåæå, ÷åì â ãîðíûõ ðàéîíàõ (Ñåëåâèí, 1928; Þðëîâ, 1974; Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà…, 1998). Ïî íàøèì äàííûì, ñîâðåìåííàÿ ñèòóàöèÿ ñ ðàñïðåäåëåíèåì áåðêóòà â êðàå ìàëî ÷åì îòëè÷àåòñÿ îò òîé, ÷òî íàáëþäàëàñü â íà÷àëå ÕÕ âåêà, è äàëåêà îò òîé, ÷òî îïèñàíà â Êðàñíîé êíèãå Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ (1998). Áåðêóò ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñàìûì ðåäêèì îðëîì Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ, îñîáåííî â Îáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå, íåñìîòðÿ íà áîëåå øèðîêîå ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå.

Îïåð¸ííûå ïòåíöû îðëà-ìîãèëüíèêà â ãíåçäå íà áåð¸çå (17.07.2002). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà The juveniles of the Imperial Eagle on the nest on a birch tree (17/07/2002). Photo by I. Karyakin

Raptors Research

Raptors Conservation 2005, 3 Â õîäå èññëåäîâàíèé 2001–2005 ãã. áûëî ëîêàëèçîâàíî 18 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ áåðêóòà: 12 â ïîëîñå ïðåäãîðèé Àëòàÿ è 6 â ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðàõ. Òåððèòîðèÿ, ïîòåíöèàëüíî ïðèãîäíàÿ äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ áåðêóòà â ãîðíîé ÷àñòè Îáñêîãî ëåâîáåðåæüÿ, çàíèìàåò ïëîùàäü 21437,26 êì2. Çäåñü áåðêóò ðàñïðîñòðàí¸í áîëåå èëè ìåíåå ðàâíîìåðíî, õîòÿ åãî ðàñïðåäåëåíèå è èìååò íåêîòîðûå îñîáåííîñòè. Â ïîëîñå ñòåïíûõ ïðåäãîðèé, ìàêñèìàëüíî ïëîòíî íàñåë¸ííûõ ñòåïíûì îðëîì, áåðêóò íå ãíåçäèòñÿ, ïîÿâëÿÿñü ëèøü â ãîðíîé ñòåïè è îñîáåííî ëåñîñòåïè. Â ëåñîñòåïè áåðêóò ãíåçäèòñÿ ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî íà äåðåâüÿõ, è åãî ÷èñëåííîñòü ñóùåñòâåííî íèæå, ÷åì ìîãèëüíèêà, êîòîðûé çäåñü áîëåå îáû÷åí. Ìàêñèìàëüíàÿ ïëîòíîñòü áåðêóòà íàáëþäàåòñÿ â ïîëîñå ñðåäíåãîðèé è â èçîáèëóþùèõ ñêàëüíûìè îáíàæåíèÿìè íèçêîãîðíî-ñòåïíûõ ðàéîíàõ Êîëûâàíñêîãî è Áàùåëàêñêîãî õðåáòîâ. Çäåñü îðëû óñòðàèâàþò ãí¸çäà ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî íà ñêàëàõ. Ïî ìåðå ïðîäâèæåíèÿ âãëóáü ãîðíî-ëåñíîãî ïîÿñà ãíåçäîâàÿ ïëîòíîñòü áåðêóòà ñíîâà ïàäàåò, îäíàêî òàì îí ÿâëÿåòñÿ åäèíñòâåííûì èç ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ îðëîâ. Çäåñü áåðêóòû ãíåçäÿòñÿ êàê íà ñêàëàõ, òàê è íà äåðåâüÿõ. Äëÿ ãîðíî-ëåñíîãî ïîÿñà â ïðåäåëàõ êðàÿ èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïî áåðêóòó íå ïðîâîäèëèñü, îäíàêî îæèäàåòñÿ, ÷òî åãî ðàñïðåäåëåíèå çäåñü òàêîå æå, êàê â ïîãðàíè÷íûõ ðàéîíàõ ðåñïóáëèêè Àëòàé. Ïî äàííûì ó÷¸òîâ â ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé, áåðêóò ãíåçäèòñÿ ñ ïëîòíîñòüþ 0,42 ïàð/100 êì2, äîñòàòî÷íî ðàâíîìåðíî çàñåëÿÿ ïîëóîòêðûòûå ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿ ïî ñêëîíàì õðåáòîâ. Ïëîùàäü ãîðíî-ëåñíîãî ïîÿñà â ïðåäåëàõ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ ñîñòàâëÿåò 7538,17 êì2. Ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ ó÷¸òíûõ äàííûõ ïîçâîëÿåò ïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî â ãîðíî-ëåñíîì ïîÿñå Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ ìîæåò ãíåçäèòüñÿ 32 ïàðû áåðêóòîâ. Ïîëîñà áåçëåñíûõ è ìàëîëåñíûõ ñðåäíåãîðèé è íèçêîãîðèé, âûäåëåííàÿ ïî äàííûì êîñìîñíèìêîâ, èìååò ïëîùàäü 5760,81 êì2. Íà ýòîé òåððèòîðèè áûëà çàëîæåíà ìîäåëüíàÿ ïëîùàäêà â Çìåèíîãîðñêîì ðàéîíå, ãäå â 2003 ã. áûëî ëîêàëèçîâàíî 4 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà. Ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó æèëûìè ãí¸çäàìè áåðêóòîâ ñîñòàâèëî 9,0–11,8 êì (n=3), â ñðåäíåì 10,85 êì, ÷òî ñîîòâåòñòâóåò 92,41 êì2 îáùåé ïëîùàäè, ïðèõîäÿùåéñÿ íà 1 òåððèòîðèàëüíóþ ïàðó ïòèö (1,08 ïàð/100 êì2). Ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ ó÷¸òíûõ äàííûõ ïîçâîëÿåò ïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî â ïîëîñå ñðåäíåãîðèé è íèçêîãîðèé ãíåçäèòñÿ 62 ïàðû áåðêóòîâ.

Åñëè æå ïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü ãíåçäîâîé ãðóïïèðîâêè áåðêóòîâ â äàííîì ïðèðîäíîì ðàéîíå ãíåçäèòñÿ íà óìåðåííî îáëåñ¸ííûõ ñêàëàõ ñðåäè ïîëóîòêðûòûõ ìåñòîîáèòàíèé, ïëîùàäü êîòîðûõ ñîñòàâëÿåò 1044,17 êì2, òîãäà ïî äàííûì ñ òîé æå ó÷¸òíîé ïëîùàäè íà 1 ïàðó ïðèõîäèòñÿ 14,71 êì2 òàêèõ ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ. Â ýòîì ñëó÷àå ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ äà¸ò îöåíêó â 71 ïàðó. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, äëÿ ðàññìàòðèâàåìîé òåððèòîðèè îöåíêà, íàèáîëåå áëèçêàÿ ê ðåàëüíîé ÷èñëåííîñòè, ñêîðåå âñåãî, ëåæèò â ïðåäåëàõ 62–71 ïàðû.

Ãíåçäî áåðêóòà (Aquila chrysaetos) íà áåð¸çå. Ôîòî È. Ñìåëÿíñêîãî The nest of the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) on a birch tree. Photo by I. Smelansky

Ïîëîñà ëåñîñòåïíûõ ïðåäãîðèé, áåäíûõ ëåñîì, çàíèìàåò ïëîùàäü 8138,28 êì2 . Çäåñü â 2002 ã. áûë ïðîâåäåí ìàðøðóòíûé ó÷¸ò ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòüþ 415,19 êì, íà êîòîðîì âûÿâëåíû 3 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà áåðêóòîâ (ïðè øèðèíå ó÷¸òíîé ïîëîñû – 1,5 êì). Ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâèëà 0,72 ïàðû/100 êì ìàðøðóòà èëè 0,48 ïàð/100 êì2 îáùåé ïëîùàäè. Ýêñòðàïîëèðóÿ ýòè äàííûå, ìîæíî îöåíèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü áåðêóòà äëÿ ðàññìàòðèâàåìîé òåððèòîðèè â 39 ïàð. Ó÷èòûâàÿ âñ¸ âûøåñêàçàííîå, ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî â ãîðíîé ÷àñòè Îáñêîãî ëåâîáåðåæüÿ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ ãíåçäèòñÿ 133–142 ïàðû áåðêóòîâ. Â ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè Îáñêîãî ëåâîáåðåæüÿ áåðêóò ãíåçäèòñÿ ïðàêòè÷åñêè èñêëþ-

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2005, 3

Ïòåíåö áåðêóòà â ãíåçäå (06.07.2002). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà The chick of the Golden Eagle on a nest (06/07/2002). Photo by I. Karyakin

÷èòåëüíî â ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðàõ, òÿãîòåÿ ê âíóòðåííèì ó÷àñòêàì áîðîâ, áîãàòûõ îç¸ðàìè è áîëîòàìè. Â áîëüøèíñòâå ñëó÷àåâ, â îòëè÷èå îò ìîãèëüíèêà, áåðêóò èçáåãàåò îïóøåê ëåñà, êàê, ñîáñòâåííî, è ïîáåðåæèé âîäîåìîâ, â îòëè÷èå îò îðëàíà è ïîäîðëèêà. Íàèáîëåå áëàãîïðèÿòíûìè ó÷àñòêàìè äëÿ åãî ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ÿâëÿþòñÿ ãðèâû ñî ñòàðûìè ñîñíàìè ñðåäè ñóõîäîëîâ èëè ñðåäè óìåðåííî çàáîëî÷åííûõ îòêðûòûõ ó÷àñòêîâ, ëèø¸ííûõ îòêðûòîé âîäû. Ñóììàðíî íà 3 èçâåñòíûõ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà áåðêóòà â Êàñìàëèíñêîé ëåíòå ïðèõîäèòñÿ 57,3 êì òàêèõ ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ èëè 378,6 êì2 ëåñíîé ïëîùàäè. Â ñðåäíåì íà ïàðó áåðêóòîâ ïðèõîäèòñÿ 19,1 ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ëåñà èëè 126,2 êì2 ëåñíîé ïëîùàäè. Ïî äàííûì êîñìîñíèìêîâ, îáùàÿ ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ äëÿ áåðêóòà áèîòîïîâ â ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðàõ ñîñòàâèëà 987,34 êì ïðè èõ îáùåé ïëîùàäè 7651,55 êì2. Ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ ïîçâîëÿåò îöåíèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü áåðêóòà â ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðàõ â 52 è 61 ïàðó ñîîòâåòñòâåííî. Âåñüìà âåðîÿòíî ñïîðàäè÷íîå ãíåçäîâàíèå áåðêóòîâ è â êðóïíûõ êîëêîâûõ ëèñòâåííûõ ëåñàõ â ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè Îáñêîãî ëåâîáåðåæüÿ, îäíàêî ýòî íå ìîæåò ñóùåñòâåííî ïîâëèÿòü íà îöåíêè ÷èñëåííîñòè ãíåçäîâîé ãðóïïèðîâêè áåðêóòà íà ðàâíèíå. Èñõîäÿ èç âñåãî ñêàçàííîãî, ìîæíî îöåíèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü áåðêóòîâ, ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ â Îáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ, â 185–203 ïàð. Â ïðàâîáåðåæüå Îáè áåðêóò ãíåçäèòñÿ â ïðåäãîðüÿõ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà, îäíàêî â ïðåäåëàõ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ ýòà òåððèòîðèÿ îñòà¸òñÿ ïðàêòè÷åñêè íåîáñëåäîâàííîé. Â ñîñåäíåé Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè ãíåçäîâàíèå áåðêóòà áûëî óñòàíîâëåíî íà ð. Áåðäü è å¸ âòîðîñòåïåííûõ ïðèòîêàõ (ñì. ñòàòüþ íà ñòð. 54), â ÷àñòíîñòè íà ð. Á. Åëáàø, è ïî ñêëîíàì ãîð Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà âíå ðå÷íûõ äîëèí, â ÷àñòíîñòè, ó ñ. Ñòàðîãóòîâî â Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè, è íà òåððèòîðèè Êåìåðîâñêîé îáëàñòè. Ïîýòîìó ìû ñ÷èòàåì âîçìîæíûì ýêñòðàïîëèðîâàòü ýòè ó÷¸òíûå äàííûå íà âñþ òåððèòîðèþ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà, èìåþùóþ ÿðêî âûðàæåííûé ïåðåñå÷¸ííûé ðåëüåô, ñ íåêîòîðûìè ïîïðàâêàìè. Òåððèòîðèÿ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà, îòâå÷àþùàÿ òðåáîâàíèÿì äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ áåðêóòà è èìåþùàÿ

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Ðèñ. 7. Êàðòà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ áåðêóòà (Aquila chrysaetos) â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå Fig. 7. The distribution of breeding territories of Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) in the Altai Kray

àíàëîãè÷íûå ó÷¸òíîé ïðîöåíòíûå õàðàêòåðèñòèêè ïî ëåñîïîêðûòîñòè, îñâîåííîñòè è ðåëüåôó, çàíèìàåò â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå ïëîùàäü 3221,26 êì2. Âîçìîæíàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü ãíåçäîâîé ãðóïïèðîâêè áåðêóòà íà òåððèòîðèè Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà â ïðåäåëàõ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ ïî íàøèì ðàñ÷¸òàì ñîñòàâëÿåò â ñðåäíåì 64 ãíåçäÿùèåñÿ ïàðû (52 – 76 ïàð). Âåñüìà âåðîÿòíî ãíåçäîâàíèå áåðêóòà â Ïðèîáñêèõ áîðàõ ïðàâîáåðåæüÿ Îáè, îäíàêî çäåñü íå ïðîâîäèëîñü ïîëíîöåííûõ ó÷¸òîâ. Èñõîäÿ èç ïëîùàäè áîëîò, ìîæíî ïðåäïîëàãàòü, ÷òî çäåñü ãíåçäèòñÿ íå ìåíåå 5 ïàð.

Ñë¸òêè áåðêóòà â ãíåçäå. Ôîòî È. Ñìåëÿíñêîãî The juveniles of the Golden Eagle on the nest. Photo by I. Smelansky

Raptors Research

Raptors Conservation 2005, 3 Òàêèì îáðàçîì, îáùóþ ÷èñëåííîñòü áåðêóòà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå ìîæíî îöåíèòü â 247–289 ïàð (ðèñ. 7). Çà ïåðèîä ðàáîòû îáíàðóæåíî 13 ãí¸çä áåðêóòà (10 ãí¸çä â ãîðíîé ÷àñòè êðàÿ è 3 – â ðàâíèííîé). Èç 10 ãí¸çä, îáíàðóæåííûõ â ãîðíîé ÷àñòè êðàÿ, 9 ðàñïîëàãàëèñü íà ñêàëàõ è 1 íà áåð¸çå, â ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè êðàÿ âñå 3 ãíåçäà ðàñïîëàãàëèñü íà ñîñíàõ. Â 10 èçâåñòíûõ íàì âûâîäêàõ áûëî 1–3, â ñðåäíåì 1,4±0,7 ïòåíöà íà óñïåøíîå ãíåçäî. Óñïåõ ðàçìíîæåíèÿ íàìè íå áûë ïðîñëåæåí, îäíàêî, ñóäÿ ïî çàíÿòîñòè ãí¸çä (87,5 %), ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî áåðêóò – íàèáîëåå óñïåøíî ðàçìíîæàþùèéñÿ îð¸ë Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ. Â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü ýòî ñâÿçàíî ñ ìàêñèìàëüíîé ñêðûòíîñòüþ áåðêóòà è ìèíèìàëüíîé äîñòóïíîñòüþ åãî ãí¸çä, à òàêæå ñ ÿâíûì òÿãîòåíèåì óñòðîéñòâà ãí¸çä â íàèìåíåå ïîñåùàåìûõ ÷åëîâåêîì ó÷àñòêàõ, ÷òî îòëè÷àåò åãî îò äðóãèõ îðëîâ. Ó÷èòûâàÿ âûøåïðèâåä¸ííûå ïîêàçàòåëè çàíÿòîñòè ãí¸çä, ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî â Îáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ åæåãîäíî óñïåøíî âûâîäèò ïîòîìñòâî 162–178 ïàð áåðêóòîâ, à â êðàå â öåëîì 216–253 ïàðû. Â ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè êðàÿ áåðêóòû ïèòàþòñÿ â îñíîâíîì çàéöàìè, öîêîðàìè è óòêàìè, â ãîðíîé ÷àñòè – çàéöàìè, êóðèíûìè ïòèöàìè è ñóðêàìè. Îðëàí-áåëîõâîñò (Haliaeetus albicilla) Â êîíöå XIX – íà÷àëå XX âåêà îðëàí-áåëîõâîñò ãíåçäèëñÿ â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå â ïîéìå Îáè è â ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðàõ (Êàùåíêî, 1900; Þðëîâ, 1974). Ñîâðåìåííûå ñâåäåíèÿ î ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèè îðëàíà-áåëîõâîñòà ñâÿçàíû òàê æå, êàê è ðàíåå, ñ Îáñêîé ïîéìîé è ëåíòî÷íûìè áîðàìè. Ãíåçäîâàíèå åãî èçâåñòíî ó ñ. Êëåïèêîâî, íà îç¸ðàõ Á. Êàìûøíîå, Ëèñòâÿæíîå è Øèáàåâî; âîçìîæíî òàêæå ãíåçäîâàíèå â òîì æå ðàéîíå ó óñòüÿ Óòêóëÿ â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ñ. Ñàâèíîâî è ó îç. Ñóõàíîâî; ãí¸çäà áåëîõâîñòà íàõîäèëè â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ Áàðíàóëà, ó ñ. Áîáðîâêà, ó ä. Äóõîâàÿ Êàìåíñêîãî ðàéîíà è ó ñ. Êèïðèíî Øåëàáîëèõèíñêîãî ðàéîíà (Íèêèòèí, 1990; Êó÷èí, 1991; Ïëîòíèêîâ, Òðóíîâ, 1995; Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà…, 1998). Íàìè â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå áûëî ëîêàëèçîâàíî 20 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ îðëàíà-áåëîõâîñòà: 2 èç íèõ â 1999 ã. è 2 â 2004 ã. – â ïðàâîáåðåæüå Îáè, 13 â 2003 ã., 2 â 2004 ã. è 1 â 2005 ã. – â ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðàõ. Âñå ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè îðëàíà â ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðàõ ïðèóðî÷åíû ê ó÷àñòêàì ñòàðîãî ñîñíîâîãî ëåñà ïî áåðåãàì êðóïíûõ

Ðèñ. 8. Êàðòà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ îðëàíà-áåëîõâîñòà (Haliaeetus albicilla) â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå Fig. 8. The distribution of breeding territories of WhiteTailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) in the Altai Kray

îç¸ð, îêðóæ¸ííîãî çàáîëî÷åííûìè ìåëêîëåñüÿìè. Ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü òàêèõ ó÷àñòêîâ ñîñòàâëÿåò 357 êì, à îáùàÿ ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü îáëåñ¸ííîé áåðåãîâîé ïîëîñû âîäíî-áîëîòíûõ êîìïëåêñîâ – 1023 êì. Íàèáîëåå ïîëíî ó÷¸ò îðëàíîâ áûë ïðîâåä¸í â Ìàìîíòîâñêîì ðàéîíå íà ó÷àñòêå Êàñìàëèíñêîé ëåíòû ìåæäó îç. Ãîðüêîå è îç. Áîë. Îñòðîâíîå (ìåæäó ñ¸ëàìè Ãóñåëåòîâî, Ìàìîíòîâî, Ñóñëîâî, ×åðíàÿ Êóðüÿ). Çäåñü áûëî âûÿâëåíî 5 ïàð íà ðàññòîÿíèè îò 5,2 äî 15,8 êì äðóã îò äðóãà, â ñðåäíåì â 9,44 êì (n=4). Íà ýòîé ìîäåëüíîé òåððèòîðèè 1 ïàðà îðëàíîâ çàíèìàåò â ñðåäíåì 5,1 êì ãí¸çäîïðèãîäíûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ëåñà, è 17,05 êì îáëåñ¸ííîé áåðåãîâîé ïîëîñû. Ìû ñî÷ëè âîçìîæíûì ýêñòðàïîëèðîâàòü äàííûå ñ ýòîé òåððèòîðèè íà âñþ òåððèòîðèþ ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðîâ â êðàå, òàê êàê îíà áîëåå èëè ìåíåå ñîîòâåòñòâóåò áîëüøèíñòâó âîäíî-áîëîòíûõ êîìïëåêñîâ áîðîâ. Â ðåçóëüòàòå îáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü îðëàíîâ â ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðàõ îöåíèâàåòñÿ â 60–70 ïàð. Ïîéìà ð. Îáü â êðàå íå áûëà îáñëåäîâàíà, îäíàêî èìåþòñÿ ìàòåðèàëû ïî å¸ ïðîòèâîïîëîæíîìó áåðåãó â ïðåäåëàõ Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè. 20 àâãóñòà 1999 ã. áûëî îáíàðóæåíî ãíåçäî íà òîïîëå áëèç ñ. Âåðõ. Ñóçóí (Êàðÿêèí è äð., 2000), òîãäà æå íàáëþäàëèñü åù¸ 2 âçðîñëûå ïòèöû íà ãðàíèöå ñ Àëòàéñêèì êðàåì. Íà 45-òè êì ó÷àñòêå Îáè áûëè âñòðå÷åíû 2 òåððèòîðèàëüíûõ ïàðû, ïðè øèðèíå ó÷¸òíîé ïîëîñû 2 êì. Ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâèëà 1,98 ïàð/100 êì ïîáåðåæüÿ èëè 0,99 ïàð/100 êì2 ïëîùàäè ïîéìû. Ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü ãíåçäîïðèãîäíîãî äëÿ îðëàíà ó÷àñòêà Îáè íà òåððèòîðèè êðàÿ ñîñòàâëÿåò 431 êì, à ïëîùàäü ãíåçäîïðèãîäíîé ïîéìû – 2155 êì2. Ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ ó÷¸òíûõ äàííûõ íà áåðå-

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2005, 3

ãîâóþ ïîëîñó è íà ïëîùàäü ïîçâîëÿåò îöåíèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü îðëàíà â ïîéìå â 18 è 21 ïàðó ñîîòâåòñòâåííî. Âåðîÿòíî, êàêàÿ-òî ÷àñòü îðëàíîâ íàñåëÿåò êîëêîâûå ëåñà Êóëóíäû. Îñíîâûâàÿñü íà äàííûõ, ïîëó÷åííûõ â 2003 ã. â Îìñêîé è Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòÿõ, çäåñü ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü ãíåçäîâàíèå 10 ïàð. Èñõîäÿ èç âûøå ïðèâåäåííûõ ìàòåðèàëîâ, ìîæíî îöåíèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü îðëàíà â Îáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ â 88–101 ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàð. Â ïðàâîáåðåæüå Îáè íà òåððèòîðèè Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ îðëàí ãíåçäèòñÿ òîëüêî â Ïðèîáñêèõ áîðàõ. Çäåñü èçâåñòíû 4 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà îðëàíîâ-áåëîõâîñòîâ íà 2-õ, óäàë¸ííûõ äðóã îò äðóãà íà 48 êì, ïëîùàäêàõ (ïðè ýòîì áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü áîðîâ íå áûëà îáñëåäîâàíà). Ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó ãí¸çäàìè îðëàíîâ íà ýòèõ ó÷àñòêàõ ñîñòàâèëî 12,1 è 7,7 êì ñîîòâåòñòâåííî. Â ñðåäíåì íà ïàðó îðëàíîâ â ïðèîáñêèõ áîðàõ ïðèõîäèòñÿ 75,1 êì2 ëåñíîé ïëîùàäè, âêëþ÷àþùåé îòêðûòûå ó÷àñòêè áîëîò è îç¸ð. Ïëîùàäü ïðèãîäíûõ ìåñòîîáèòàíèé ñîñòàâëÿåò 2703 êì2 è ïîçâîëÿåò âìåñòèòü ó÷àñòêè 36 ïàð îðëàíîâ. Îáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü îðëàíàáåëîõâîñòà â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå ìîæåò áûòü îöåíåíà â 124 – 137 ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàð (ðèñ. 8). Ãíåçäî îðëàíà-áåëîõâîñòà (Haliaeetus Èçâåñòíûå íàì 4 æèëûõ albicilla) (17.06.2004). Îïåðåííûé ïòåíåö îðëàíà-áåëîõâîñòà â ãíåçäà â ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðàõ ãíåçäå (17.06.2004). ðàñïîëàãàëèñü íà ñîñíàõ. Â Îïåðåííûå ïòåíöû îðëàíà-áåëîõâîñòà â âûâîäêå, åù¸ íå âñòàâøåì íà ãíåçäå (17.06.2004). êðûëî, íàáëþäàëîñü 2 ïîëÔîòî Ñ. Áàêêà íîñòüþ îïåð¸ííûõ ïòåíöà, â The nest of the White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) (17/06/2004). 4-õ ë¸òíûõ âûâîäêàõ – ïî 1 The chick of the White-Tailed Eagle on the ñë¸òêó. nest (17/06/2004). Ïèòàíèå îðëàíîâ áåãëî èçóThe chicks of the White-Tailed Eagle on ÷åíî ïîä ïðèñàäàìè è ãíåçthe nest (17/06/2004). Photo by S. Bakka äîì íà îäíîì ó÷àñòêå áëèç ñ. Âîñòðîâî – â í¸ì äîìèíèðîâàëè óòêè, ÷àéêè, âðàíîâûå è ðûáà. Â íåáîëüøîì êîëè÷åñòâå âñòðå÷àëèñü îñòàòêè ïàñòóøêîâûõ è ãðûçóíîâ (â îñíîâíîì, âîäÿíîé ïîë¸âêè).

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ Ãðèô (Aegypius monachus) Ãðèô – ðåäêèé çàë¸òíûé âèä Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ (Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà.., 1998). 14–16 èþëÿ 2002 ã. 6 îñîáåé íàáëþäàëèñü íàìè â 3-õ òî÷êàõ â Áûñòðîèñòîêñêîì, Ñìîëåíñêîì è Ñîëîíåøåíñêîì ðàéîíàõ. Â äðóãèå ãîäû íà òåððèòîðèè êðàÿ íàìè íå âñòðå÷åí. Áàëîáàí (Falco cherrug) Áàëîáàí áûë è îñòà¸òñÿ ðåäêèì ãíåçäÿùèìñÿ õèùíèêîì, íàñåëÿþùèì ñòåïíûå è ëåñîñòåïíûå ðàéîíû, êàê â ðàâíèííîé, òàê è â ãîðíîé ÷àñòè Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ (Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà…, 1998). Áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü âñòðå÷ áàëîáàíà â ãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä â ïîñëåäíèå äåñÿòèëåòèÿ ïðèóðî÷åíà ê êîëêîâûì ëåñàì è ëåíòî÷íûì áîðàì Êóëóíäû è Ïðèîáñêîãî ïëàòî (Ïåòðîâ è äð., 1992; Ïëîòíèêîâ, 1992; Êó÷èí, Êó÷èíà, 1995; Ïåòðîâ, 1995; Ïåòðîâ, Èðèñîâ, 1995), õîòÿ èçâåñòíû âñòðå÷è è â ïðåäãîðüÿõ Àëòàÿ (Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà…, 1998). Þ.Ñ. Ðàâêèí ñ ñîàâòîðàìè (1991) îöåíèëè ÷èñëåííîñòü áàëîáàíà íà ÇàïàäíîÑèáèðñêîé ðàâíèíå ïî ñîñòîÿíèþ íà êîíåö 1980-õ ãã. â 1000 îñîáåé. Ïî ìíåíèþ Â.Í. Ïëîòíèêîâà (Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà…, 1998) â 1990-õ ãã. îáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü áàëîáàíà â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå ñîñòàâëÿëà 300 îñîáåé, à ãíåçäèëîñü åæåãîäíî îêîëî 70 ïàð. Â õîäå íàøèõ èññëåäîâàíèé 2002 ã. ïðè îáñëåäîâàíèè ñòåïíûõ è ëåñîñòåïíûõ ïðåäãîðèé Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ â ìåæäóðå÷üå ×àðûøà è Àíóÿ áàëîáàí íå áûë âñòðå÷åí, íå áûëè îáíàðóæåíû è ñëåäû åãî ïðåæíåãî ïðåáûâàíèÿ çäåñü. Äàííàÿ òåððèòîðèÿ ïîäõîäèò äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ áàëîáàíà ïî ñâîèì ëàíäøàôòíûì õàðàêòåðèñòèêàì, îäíàêî âûñîêèé òðàâîñòîé, õàðàêòåðíûé äëÿ ëóãîâûõ ñòåïåé ñåâåðíîãî áîðòà Àëòàéñêèõ ïðåäãîðèé, íå äà¸ò áàëîáàíó âîçìîæíîñòè óñïåøíî îõîòèòüñÿ, ÷òî è ÿâëÿåòñÿ îñíîâíîé ïðè÷èíîé åãî îòñóòñòâèÿ. Íåñìîòðÿ íà ýòî, çäåñü âîçìîæíî ñïîðàäè÷íîå ãíåçäîâàíèå îòäåëüíûõ ïàð áàëîáàíà â ïîëîñå ñðåäíåãîðèé. Â 2003 ã. íà ïðåäìåò âûÿâëåíèÿ áàëîáàíà íàìè áûëè äîñòàòî÷íî õîðîøî îáñëåäîâàíû íåêîòîðûå ó÷àñòêè ãîðíîé ëåñîñòåïè â Çìåèíîãîðñêîì ðàéîíå è ëåíòî÷íûå áîðû. Â õîäå ðàáîòû áûëî âûÿâëåíî 38 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ, 37 áûëè çàíÿòû ñîêîëàìè, íà 29 ó÷àñòêàõ îáíàðóæåíû ãí¸çäà, 22 èç êîòîðûõ (75,9 %, ïðè n=29) îêàçàëèñü æèëûìè íà ìîìåíò ïîñåùåíèÿ (Êàðÿêèí, 2003). Â ãîðíîì ðàéîíå 4 ãíåçäà ðàñïîëàãàëèñü íà ñêàëàõ â ïîñòðîéêàõ âîðîíà (Corvus corax). Â ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè êðàÿ 25 ãí¸çä ðàñïîëàãàëèñü íà

Raptors Research

Êëàäêà áàëîáàíà (Falco cherrug) â ïîñòðîéêå áåðêóòà íà ñîñíå (23.05.2003). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà The clutch of the Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) in the old nest of the Golden Eagle on a pine tree. (23/05/2003). Photo by I. Karyakin

Raptors Conservation 2005, 3 ñîñíàõ, èç íèõ 20 – â ïîñòðîéêàõ ìîãèëüíèêà, 2 – â ïîñòðîéêàõ êîðøóíà, ïî 1 – â ïîñòðîéêàõ áåðêóòà, âîðîíà è ðàñòîïòàííîé ïîñòðîéêå ñîðîêè (Pica pica). Â 2004 ã. â ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðàõ áûëè îáíàðóæåíû äâà ðàíåå íåèçâåñòíûõ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà áàëîáàíà (ãí¸çäà ðàñïîëàãàëèñü íà ñîñíàõ â ïîñòðîéêàõ ìîãèëüíèêà). Â òî æå âðåìÿ ïðîâåðêà 21 ãíåçäîâîãî ó÷àñòêà, íàéäåííîãî íàìè â 2003 ã., ïîêàçàëî, ÷òî âñåãî 15 èç íèõ áûëè çàíÿòû è ëèøü íà 4-õ çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíî óñ-

Ïóõîâûå ïòåíöû áàëîáàíà â ïîñòðîéêå ìîãèëüíèêà íà ñîñíå (24.05.2003). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà The chicks of the Saker Falcon in the old nest of the Imperial Eagle on a pine tree. (24/05/2003). Photo by I. Karyakin

Ñë¸òîê áàëîáàíà (24.07.2004). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà The juvenile of the Saker Falcon (24/07/2004). Photo by I. Karyakin

ïåøíîå ðàçìíîæåíèå (îäíî ãíåçäî ñ ïòåíöàìè áûëî ñðóáëåíî, ñàìêó íà îäíîì ãíåçäå ñúåë ôèëèí, à ïòåíöû ïîãèáëè, ïðè÷èíà ãèáåëè ïîòîìñòâà íà äðóãèõ ãíåçäàõ íåèçâåñòíà, íî, ñêîðåå âñåãî, îíà ñâÿçàíà ñ êðàéíå íèçêîé ÷èñëåííîñòüþ êðàñíîù¸êèõ ñóñëèêîâ, íàáëþäàâøåéñÿ â ýòîì ãîäó). Çà ãîäû èññëåäîâàíèé â ãîðíîé ÷àñòè êðàÿ âûÿâëåíî 6 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ áàëîáàíà â ïîëîñå ïðåäãîðèé Êîëûâàíñêîãî õðåáòà. Çäåñü øèðîêî ðàçâèòû ïåòðîôèòíûå ñòåïè ñ ðàçðåæåííûì íèçêèì òðàâîñòîåì, ìíîãî÷èñëåííû îñòàíöîâûå ñêàëüíûå ìàññèâû, ÷àñòè÷íî ïîêðûòûå ëåñîì. Ýòîò

ëàíäøàôò îïòèìàëåí äëÿ îáèòàíèÿ ñîêîëîâ. Ïëîùàäü òåððèòîðèè, ïîòåíöèàëüíî ïðèãîäíîé äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ, ñîñòàâëÿåò 1449,15 êì2. Íà íåé áûëà âûäåëåíà ó÷¸òíàÿ ïëîùàäêà â 165,2 êì2, íà êîòîðîé 29– 30 èþëÿ 2003 ã. ëîêàëèçîâàíî 5 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ áàëîáàíà, 4 èç êîòîðûõ îêàçàëèñü çàíÿòûìè ñîêîëàìè. Ïëîùàäü ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ (ñêàëüíûå îñòàíöû, ÷àñòè÷íî ïîêðûòûå ëåñîì), ïðèõîäÿùèõñÿ íà 1 ïàðó, ñîñòàâèëà 2,08 êì2. Ïåðåñ÷¸ò íà îáùóþ ïëîùàäü, ïîòåíöèàëüíî ïðèãîäíóþ äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ áàëîáàíà, è íà ïëîùàäü ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ, âèäèìûõ íà êîñìîñíèìêàõ (68,64 êì 2), äà¸ò îöåíêó ÷èñëåííîñòè äëÿ âûäåëåííîé òåððèòîðèè â 44 è 33 ïàðû ñîîòâåòñòâåííî. Âèäèìî, îöåíêà ÷èñëåííîñòè, áëèçêàÿ ê ðåàëüíîé, ëåæèò ãäå-òî ìåæäó ýòèìè öèôðàìè. Â ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè êðàÿ â 2003 ã. áûëî ëîêàëèçîâàíî 32 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà áàëîáàíà. Ïðàêòè÷åñêè âñå ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè ïðèóðî÷åíû ê îïóøêàì ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðîâ. Ïóò¸ì ñïëîøíîãî îáñëåäîâàíèÿ 1283 êì îïóøêè íà àâòîìàðøðóòå áûë îáíàðóæåí 31 ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê. Íà 1 ãíåçäÿùóþñÿ ïàðó â ñðåäíåì ïðèõîäèòñÿ 41,39 êì ëåñíîé îïóøêè, èëè 11,04 êì îïóøêè ñîñíîâîãî ëåñà ñòàðøå 80 ëåò, èëè 5,23 êì îïóøêè ñîñíîâîãî ëåñà ñòàðøå 80 ëåò âäîëü íåðàñïàõàííîé ñòåïè. Îòìå÷åíî ÿâíîå òÿãîòåíèå áàëîáàíà ê ãíåçäîâûì ó÷àñòêàì ìîãèëüíèêîâ (84,38 %), â ñòàðûõ ïîñòðîéêàõ êîòîðîãî ïðåäïî÷èòàþò ãíåçäèòüñÿ ñîêîëû. Àíàëèç êîñìîñíèìêîâ ïîêàçàë, ÷òî îáùàÿ ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü îïóøêè ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðîâ ñîñòàâëÿåò 2417 êì, èç íèõ 939 êì ïðèõîäèòñÿ íà ñòàðûå ñîñíîâûå ëåñà è 437,5 êì íà ñòàðûå ñîñíîâûå ëåñà âäîëü íåðàñïàõàííûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ñòåïè. Ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ ó÷¸òíûõ äàííûõ íà ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü îïóøêè ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðîâ â Îáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ äà¸ò îöåíêó â 58, 85 è 84 ïàð ñîîòâåòñòâåííî. Ïîñëåäíèå öèôðû ÿâëÿþòñÿ, âèäèìî, áîëåå áëèçêèìè ê ðåàëüíûì. Ïîìèìî ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ áàëîáàíîâ, ïðèóðî÷åííûõ ê îïóøêå, áûë ëîêàëèçîâàí åù¸ îäèí, óäàë¸ííûé âãëóáü ëåñà, êîòîðûé ñîñòàâëÿåò 1 % îò îáùåãî êîëè÷åñòâà âûÿâëåííûõ, ÷òî äà¸ò ïðè ðàñ÷¸òå 1 ãíåçäÿùóþñÿ ïàðó. Ïîíÿòíî, ÷òî âíå îïóøêè ãíåçäèòñÿ áîëüøå áàëîáàíîâ, îäíàêî îïðåäåëèòü èõ ðåàëüíóþ ÷èñëåííîñòü íå ïðåäñòàâëÿåòñÿ âîçìîæíûì. Òàê èëè èíà÷å, îíà âðÿä ëè ñóùåñòâåííî ïîâëèÿåò íà îáùóþ îöåíêó ÷èñëåííîñòè âèäà â êðàå.

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2005, 3 Âåñüìà âåðîÿòíî ãíåçäîâàíèå áàëîáàíà â îáëàñòè ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ ìåëêîëèñòâåííûõ êîëî÷íûõ ëåñîâ â Êóëóíäå, îäíàêî ïîêà òàêèõ ñëó÷àåâ íåèçâåñòíî. Èñõîäÿ èç âûøåïðèâåä¸ííûõ ðàñ÷¸òîâ, ìû îöåíèâàåì ÷èñëåííîñòü áàëîáàíà â Îáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ â 92–130 ïàð, èç êîòîðûõ 65,3 % ãíåçäèòñÿ â ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè. Îáñëåäîâàíèå Îáñêîãî ïðàâîáåðåæüÿ íà ïðåäìåò ãíåçäîâàíèÿ áàëîáàíà íå äàëî ïîëîæèòåëüíûõ ðåçóëüòàòîâ. 7–8 èþëÿ 2004 ã. áûëî îáñëåäîâàíî 2 ó÷àñòêà íà Áèå-×óìûøñêîé âîçâûøåííîñòè â äîëèíå ð. ×óìûø è â âåðõîâüÿõ ð. Øóáåíêè (ïîñëåäíèé ó÷àñòîê âõîäèë â ïðåäåëû îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêîãî ñòàöèîíàðà, íà êîòîðîì â¸ë ñâîè èññëåäîâàíèÿ À.Ï. Êó÷èí â 1963– 68 ãã). À.Ï. Êó÷èí â êíèãå «Ïòèöû Àëòàÿ» (1976) îïèñûâàåò ãí¸çäà áàëîáàíà, ðàñïîëàãàâøèåñÿ â âåðõîâüÿõ ð. Øóáåíêè íà ñîñíàõ. Â ïèòàíèè ïòèö äîìèíèðîâàëè ñóñëèêè. Â 2004 ã. ñóñëèêè íå áûëè âñòðå÷åíû íà Áèå-×óìûøñêîé âîçâûøåííîñòè, íå çíàþò èõ è ïàñòóõè, õîòÿ â 60-õ ãã. â äàííîé ìåñòíîñòè ýòîò çâåð¸ê áûë ïðîìûñëîâûé. Ïî äàííûì ëåñîóñòðîéñòâà 1991 ã. ñòàðûå ñîñíû áûëè ïîëíîñòüþ âûáðàíû â âåðõîâüÿõ ð. Øóáåíêè â õîäå ñàíèòàðíûõ ðóáîê óæå â êîíöå 80-õ ãã., è íàøà ýêñïåäèöèîííàÿ ãðóïïà, åñòåñòâåííî, íå îáíàðóæèëà çäåñü íè îäíîãî äåðåâà ñòàðøå 40 ëåò. Êàê ñëåäñòâèå, áàëîáàí íå îáíàðóæåí íàìè íè â âåðõîâüÿõ Øóáåíêè, íè â äîëèíå ð. ×óìûø, êàê è íà âñ¸ì òðàíçèòíîì ìàðøðóòå ÷åðåç Áèå-×óìûøñêóþ âîçâûøåííîñòü. 9– 10 èþëÿ 2004 ã. îáñëåäîâàëèñü Áèéñêèå áîðû âäîëü ð. Áèÿ îò ã. Áèéñêà äî ñ. Óñÿòñêîå, íî áàëîáàí íå áûë âñòðå÷åí. Çäåñü, òàê æå êàê è íà Áèå-×óìûøñêîé âîçâûøåííîñòè, â 60-õ ãã. ïî äàííûì À.Ï. Êó÷èíà áàëîáàíû ãíåçäèëèñü è âûêàðìëèâàëè ïòåíöîâ ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî êðàñíîù¸êèìè ñóñëèêàìè, òàñêàÿ èõ ñ ïðàâîáåðåæüÿ Áèè, ò.ê.

Ðèñ. 9. Êàðòà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ áàëîáàíà (Falco cherrug) â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå Fig. 9. The distribution of breeding territories of Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) in the Altai Kray

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ â ìåæäóðå÷üå Áèè è Êàòóíè èõ íå áûëî. Ñåé÷àñ ñóñëèê ñîõðàíèëñÿ òîëüêî â Îáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå è, êàê ñëåäñòâèå, áàëîáàí ïåðåñòàë ãíåçäèòüñÿ â ìåæäóðå÷üå Áèè è Êàòóíè, íà Áèå-×óìûøñêîé âîçâûøåííîñòè è â ïðåäãîðüÿõ Ñàëàèðà. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, íàøà ïðåæíÿÿ îöåíêà ÷èñëåííîñòè áàëîáàíà íà Áèå-×óìûøñêîé âîçâûøåííîñòè â 7–10 ïàð (Karyakin et all., 2004) ÿâëÿåòñÿ áîëåå ÷åì îïòèìèñòè÷åñêîé. Â ñâåòå íîâûõ äàííûõ ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü ãíåçäîâàíèå íå áîëåå 2–3-õ ïàð â áîðàõ òåððàñû Îáè. Êîëè÷åñòâî æèëûõ ãí¸çä áàëîáàíà â 2003 ã. ñîñòàâèëî 75,9 % îò îáùåãî êîëè÷åñòâà îáíàðóæåííûõ. Èñõîäÿ èç âûøåïðèâåä¸ííûõ ðàñ÷¸òîâ, ìîæíî îöåíèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü áàëîáàíà â 2003 ã. â 70–99 óñïåøíûõ ïàð. Îäíàêî, 2003 ãîä áûë ïðîäóêòèâíûì â ïëàíå êîðìîâ. ×èñëåííîñòü êðàñíîù¸êîãî ñóñëèêà äåðæàëàñü íà ïðèåìëåìîì óðîâíå, à ÷èñëåííîñòü ñòåïíîé ïèùóõè ðåçêî âîçðîñëà ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ äâóìÿ ïðåäûäóùèìè ãîäàìè. Ïîýòîìó óñïåøíîñòü ðàçìíîæåíèÿ áàëîáàíà â äàííûé ñåçîí ìîæíî ñ÷èòàòü âûñîêîé. Â 2004 ã. êîëè÷åñòâî óñïåøíûõ ãí¸çä îò îáùåãî êîëè÷åñòâà ïðîâåðåííûõ â ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðàõ ñîñòàâèëî 22,7 %, à â ïðåäãîðüÿõ – 75,0 %. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, êîëè÷åñòâî æèëûõ ãí¸çä áàëîáàíà â 2004 ã. ñîñòàâèëî 30,8 % îò îáùåãî êîëè÷åñòâà îáíàðóæåííûõ, à â ñðåäíåì çà 2 ãîäà – 53,35 %. Åñëè ïðèíÿòü ýòè ïîêàçàòåëè, ìîæíî îöåíèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü áàëîáàíà â 49–69 óñïåøíî ðàçìíîæàþùèõñÿ ïàð â ãîä (ðèñ. 9). Äàííàÿ îöåíêà ÷èñëåííîñòè áàëîáàíà, íåñìîòðÿ íà âèäèìûå ðàçëè÷èÿ â ìåòîäè÷åñêîì ïîäõîäå, äîâîëüíî áëèçêà ê îöåíêå Â.Í. Ïëîòíèêîâà â 90-õ ãã. (Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà…, 1998). Êîñâåííî ýòî ìîæåò ñâèäåòåëüñòâîâàòü î òîì, ÷òî ïðèíöèïèàëüíî ñèòóàöèÿ ñ âèäîì â êðàå íå èçìåíèëàñü, íåñìîòðÿ íà èçâåñòíûé ïðåññ, îêàçûâàåìûé áðàêîíüåðàìè. Ãíåçäî ñ êëàäêîé, îáíàðóæåííîå 23 ìàÿ 2003 ã. ñîäåðæàëî 3 ñèëüíî íàñèæåííûõ ÿéöà, 2 ÿéöà áûëî â ïîãèáøåé êëàäêå, îáíàðóæåííîé íà ñîñåäíåì ãíåçäîâîì ó÷àñòêå áàëîáàíà è 1 ÿéöî-áîëòóí â ãíåçäå ñ 3 ñë¸òêàìè 8 èþëÿ 2003 ã. Âèäèìî, â 2003 ã. áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü êëàäîê ñîäåðæàëà 3–4 ÿéöà. Ñðåäíåå êîëè÷åñòâî ïòåíöîâ â âûâîäêå ñîñòàâèëî 2,90±0,31 (1–4; n=10) (Êàðÿêèí, 2003). Â 2004 ã. â ãíåçäå ñ 2 ïòåíöàìè áûëî îáíàðóæåíî 2 íåîïëîäîòâîðåííûõ ÿéöà; âûâîäêè, âêëþ÷àÿ ïîãèáøèå, (n=7) ñîäåðæàëè 2 – 4 ïòåíöà; òàêèì îáðàçîì, â ñðåäíåì – 2,86±0,9 ïòåíöà.

Raptors Research

Raptors Conservation 2005, 3

Ïèòàíèå èçó÷àëîñü ôðàãìåíòàðíî. Ñðåäè ñîáðàííûõ ïîåäåé è ïîãàäîê äîìèíèðîâàëè îñòàíêè êðàñíîù¸êîãî ñóñëèêà, ñòåïíîé ïèùóõè, ìåëêèõ ìûøåâèäíûõ ãðûçóíîâ, âðàíîâûõ, ïåðåïåëîâ è ñåðûõ êóðîïàòîê.

Ñàïñàí (Falco peregrinus) ñ äîáû÷åé. (03.07.2004). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà The Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) (03/07/2004). Photo by I. Karyakin

Ñàïñàí (Falco peregrinus) Èíôîðìàöèÿ î ãíåçäîâàíèè ñàïñàíà â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå èìååòñÿ òîëüêî ó Â.À. Ñåëåâèíà (1928; 1929), êîòîðûé ïðèâîäèò åãî â êà÷åñòâå ãíåçäÿùåãîñÿ äëÿ òåððèòîðèè Ãíåçäî ñàïñàíà (Falco peregrinus) â íèøå ñêàëû (28.07.2003). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà ïðåäãîðèé Àëòàÿ (òåððèòîðèÿ The nest of the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) in the niche on a íûíåøíåãî Çìåèíîãîðñêîãî rock (28/07/2003). Photo by I. Karyakin ðàéîíà). Áîëüøèíñòâî ëåòíèõ âñòðå÷ â ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè îáëàñòè, äàííûå ïî ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòè ÷àñòü äîëèíû – 9,31 êì. î êîòîðûõ ïðèâîäÿòñÿ â ñîâðåìåííîé ëè- Ïî âûøåïðèâåäåííûì äàííûì â ãîðíî-ëåñòåðàòóðå (Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà…, 1998), ñêîðåå íîì ïîÿñå Àëòàÿ ñðåäíÿÿ ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü âñåãî, îøèáî÷íû. Âåðîÿòíî, ðå÷íîé äîëèíû, ïðèõîäÿùàÿñÿ íà 1 ïàðó çà ñàïñàíà ïðèíèìàëñÿ ïîõî- ñàïñàíîâ, ñîñòàâëÿåò 7,12 êì. Àíàëèç êîñæèé íà íåãî áàëîáàí, øèðî- ìîñíèìêîâ ïîçâîëÿåò îïðåäåëèòü ïðîòÿêî ðàñïðîñòðàí¸ííûé ïî âñåé æ¸ííîñòü ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ äëÿ ñàïñàíà ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè Îáñêîãî ëå- ó÷àñòêîâ ðå÷íûõ äîëèí â 512,11–787,94 êì. âîáåðåæüÿ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ. Çà ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûå ó÷àñòêè ðå÷íûõ äîëèí Çà 3 ãîäà ðàáîòû â Àëòàéñ- ìû ïðèíèìàëè òå, êîòîðûå ïðè íàëè÷èè êîì êðàå ñàïñàí ðåãèñòðèðî- ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèé (íå ìåíåå 80 ì íà âàëñÿ íàìè òîëüêî â ãîðàõ è 1 êì), âèäèìûõ íà ñíèìêàõ, èìåëè øèðèíó ïðåäãîðüÿõ. Â êðàå ýòîò ñîêîë áîëåå 0,2 êì. Ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ ó÷¸òíûõ äàíãíåçäèòñÿ èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî íà íûõ ïîçâîëÿåò îöåíèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü ñàïñêàëàõ ïî áåðåãàì ðåê è îç¸ð, ñàíà â ãîðíî-ëåñíîì ïîÿñå Îáñêîãî ëåâîíàõîäÿ îïòèìàëüíûå óñëîâèÿ áåðåæüÿ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ â 72–111 ïàð. äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ â ãîðíî-ëåñÂ ëåñîñòåïíûõ ïðåäãîðüÿõ äàæå ïðè ñàíîì ïîÿñå Àëòàÿ è Ñàëàèðà. ìîì îïòèìèñòè÷åñêîì ïðîãíîçå âðÿä ëè Â ëåñîñòåïíûå ïðåäãîðüÿ ñî- ãíåçäèòñÿ áîëåå 10 ïàð ñàïñàíîâ (5–10 êîëû ïðîíèêàþò íà ãíåçäîâàíèè ëèøü ïî ïàð), òàê êàê ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûå áèîòîïû äîëèíàì êðóïíûõ ðåê (×àðûø, Àíóé – â îãðàíè÷åíû 4 ó÷àñòêàìè ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòüþ ëåâîáåðåæüå Îáè, âåðõíåå òå÷åíèå ×ó- íå áîëåå 200 êì. ìûøà – â ïðàâîáåðåæüå), áåðåãà êîòîðûõ èçîáèëóþò ñêàëüíûìè îáíàæåíèÿìè, ëèáî Ðèñ. 10. Êàðòà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ïî îñòàíöîâûì ìàññèâàì Êîëûâàíñêîãî è ñàïñàíà (Falco peregrinus) â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå Fig. 10. The distribution of breeding territories of PerÁàùåëàêñêîãî õðåáòîâ. Çà 5 ëåò èññëåäîâàíèé áûëî ëîêàëèçîâà- egrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) in the Altai Kray íî 9 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ýòîãî ñîêîëà, ïîäòâåðæä¸ííûõ íàõîäêàìè æèëûõ ãí¸çä. Ñïåöèàëüíûå ó÷¸òû ñàïñàíà â êðàå íå ïðîâîäèëèñü, îäíàêî ìû ðàñïîëàãàåì ïëîòíîñòüþ ýòîãî âèäà íà äâóõ ìîäåëüíûõ ó÷àñòêàõ â äîëèíàõ ðåê Ïåñ÷àíàÿ è Àíóé. Â äîëèíå ð. Ïåñ÷àíàÿ ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó ãí¸çäàìè ñàïñàíà ñîñòàâèëî 3,73 êì. Ïåðåñ÷¸ò íà âñþ äîëèíó ðåêè ïîêàçûâàåò, ÷òî ïàðà ñàïñàíîâ çàíèìàåò â ñðåäíåì 4,94 êì äîëèíû. Â äîëèíå ð. Àíóé ñàïñàíû ãíåçäèëèñü â 2,9 êì äðóã îò äðóãà, îäíàêî çäåñü íà ïàðó ïðèõîäèëîñü çíà÷èòåëüíî áîëüøàÿ

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2005, 3

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Ïòåíöû ôèëèíà (Bubo bubo) â ãíåçäå íà ñêàëå. (23.05.2003). Ôîòî È.Ñìåëÿíñêîãî. The chicks of the Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) in the nest on a rock (23/05/2003). Photo by I. Smelansky

Òàêèì îáðàçîì, îáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü ñàïñàíà â Îáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ ìîæåò áûòü îöåíåíà â 77–121 ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàð, ò.å. íåñêîëüêî ìåíüøå, ÷åì áàëîáàíà. Îïòèìóì ãíåçäîâîé îáëàñòè ñàïñàíà ëåæèò çà ïðåäåëàìè òàêîâîé áàëîáàíà, ò.å. âèäû ôàêòè÷åñêè íå ïåðåñåêàþòñÿ äðóã ñ äðóãîì â ãíåçäîâûõ áèîòîïàõ â ãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä. Â äîëèíå ð. ×óìûø 2 ãíåçäà ñàïñàíà ðàñïîëàãàëèñü â 6,58 êì äðóã îò äðóãà. Ó÷èòûâàÿ, ÷òî ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ äëÿ ñàïñàíà ó÷àñòêîâ ðå÷íûõ äîëèí ñîñòàâëÿåò 177 êì, ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü ãíåçäîâàíèå â Îáñêîì ïðàâîáåðåæüå 26 ïàð ñàïñàíîâ. Âñå ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè ïîñåùàëèñü ïîñëå âûëåòà ñë¸òêîâ, ïîýòîìó îïðåäåëèòü òî÷íóþ ÷èñëåííîñòü âûâîäêîâ íå ïðåäñòàâëÿåòñÿ âîçìîæíûì. Ó ãí¸çä ðåãèñòðèðîâàëè ïî 1–2 ìîëîäûõ ñàïñàíà. Óñïåøíîñòü ðàçìíîæåíèÿ â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå íå èçâåñòíà, îäíàêî îíà âðÿä ëè îòëè÷àåòñÿ îò òàêîâîé â àðåàëå. Ïî íàáëþäåíèÿì íà Óðàëå (Êàðÿêèí, 2005) è â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå óñïåøíî ðàçìíîæàåòñÿ 71 % ïàð. Èñõîäÿ èç ýòèõ öèôð, ìîæíî îöåíèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü ñàïñàíà â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå â 73–104 óñïåøíî ðàçìíîæàþùèõñÿ ïàð â ãîä. Óñïåõ ðàçìíîæåíèÿ ñàïñàíà ñëàáî êîëåáëåòñÿ ïî ãîäàì â ñâÿçè ñ áîëüøèì ïîñòîÿíñòâîì ïîêàçàòåëåé ÷èñëåííîñòè êîðìîâîé áàçû â îòëè÷èå îò áàëîáàíà (ðèñ. 10). Îñíîâó ïèòàíèÿ ñàïñàíà â êðàå, êàê è âåçäå â àðåàëå, ñîñòàâëÿþò ïòèöû, â îñíîâíîì ãîëóáè, óòêè, êóëèêè, âðàíîâûå è äðîçäû. Ôèëèí (Bubo bubo) Ïî ìàòåðèàëàì ðàçëè÷íûõ èññëåäîâàòåëåé Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ ôèëèí âñòðå÷àëñÿ íà ãíåçäîâàíèè â ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðàõ, êîëî÷íûõ ëåñàõ Êóëóíäû, íà Ïðèîáñêîì ïëàòî è â ãîðàõ Àëòàÿ, îäíàêî âåçäå áûë ðåÏòåíöû ôèëèíà (Bubo bubo) â ãíåçäå ïîä ñîñíîé íà áåðåãó îçåðà (29.05.2003). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà The chicks of the Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) in the nest by the pine tree near a lake (29/05/2003). Photo by I. Karyakin

äîê (Âåëèæàíèíû, 1929; Ñåëåâèí, 1929; Çàëåññêèå, 1931; Åãîðîâ, 1961). Â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ, ïî ìíåíèþ À.Ï. Êó÷èíà (Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà…, 1998), ôèëèí âñòðå÷àåòñÿ ïîâñåìåñòíî, îäíàêî âûñîêîé ÷èñëåííîñòè íèãäå íå äîñòèãàåò. Â 2001–2005 ãã. íàìè â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå áûëî ëîêàëèçîâàíî 110 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ôèëèíîâ: 30 ó÷àñòêîâ â ãîðíîé ÷àñòè ëåâîáåðåæüÿ Îáè, 79 ó÷àñòêîâ â ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè ëåâîáåðåæüÿ Îáè è 1 ó÷àñòîê – â ïðàâîáåðåæüå Îáè. Ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå è ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíà ëó÷øå èçó÷åíû â Îáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå. Ïî òèïó ãíåçäîâûõ áèîòîïîâ îáëàñòü ãíåçäîâîãî ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ ôèëèíà â ëåâîáåðåæüå ìîæíî ðàçáèòü íà 3 ó÷àñòêà: ñòåïíûå è ëåñîñòåïíûå ïðåäãîðüÿ, ãîðíî-ëåñíîé ïîÿñ, ðàâíèííûå ëåñà. Òåððèòîðèÿ, ïîòåíöèàëüíî ïðèãîäíàÿ äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ôèëèíà â ñòåïíûõ è ëåñîñòåïíûõ ïðåäãîðüÿõ Àëòàÿ, çàíèìàåò ïëîùàäü 24543,34 êì2. Ïëîùàäü ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ (ñòåïíûå ó÷àñòêè ñ ïåðåñå÷¸ííûì ðåëüåôîì) ñîñòàâëÿåò 2174,21 êì2. Íà ó÷¸òíûõ ïëîùàäêàõ â 2001–2004 ãã. áûëî ëîêàëèçîâàíî 14 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ôèëèíîâ. Ñðåäíåå ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó ãí¸çäàìè ôèëèíîâ ñîñòàâëÿåò 3,14 êì (1,4 –

Raptors Research

Raptors Conservation 2005, 3 4,8 êì; n=10), ò.å. íà êàæäóþ ïàðó ïðèõîäèòñÿ 7,75 êì2 ãíåçäîïðèãîäíîé ïëîùàäè èëè 100,82 êì2 îáùåé ïëîùàäè. Ïðÿìàÿ ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ ó÷¸òíûõ äàííûõ íà îáùóþ ïëîùàäü, ïîòåíöèàëüíî ïðèãîäíóþ äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ôèëèíà, ïîêàçûâàåò, ÷òî â ïðåäåëàõ âûäåëåííîãî ïîëèãîíà ìîæåò ãíåçäèòüñÿ 243 ïàðû ôèëèíîâ. Îäíàêî ýòà öèôðà ïðåäñòàâëÿåòñÿ íåñêîëüêî çàíèæåííîé. Â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü ýòî ñâÿçàíî ñ òåì, ÷òî ó÷¸òíûå ïëîùàäêè ðàñïîëàãàëèñü ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî â ïîëîñå ñòåïíûõ ïðåäãîðèé, à ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ áûëà ïðîâåäåíà è íà ëåñîñòåïíûå ïðåäãîðüÿ, ãíåçäîïðèãîäíîñòü êîòîðûõ äëÿ ôèëèíà íåñêîëüêî âûøå. Áîëåå òî÷íàÿ ïðÿìàÿ ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ íà ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûå áèîòîïû äà¸ò ÷èñëåííîñòü â 281 ïàðó.

Ñë¸òîê ôèëèíà (13.07.2003). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà The juvenile of the Eagle Owl (13/07/2003). Photo by I. Karyakin

Â ñòåïíûõ ïðåäãîðüÿõ ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíà ïðèáëèæàåòñÿ ê ÷èñëåííîñòè ñòåïíîãî îðëà. Ôàêòè÷åñêè, íà ïàðó ñòåïíûõ îðëîâ îáû÷íî ïðèõîäèòñÿ ïàðà ôèëèíîâ. Ïðè ýòîì îõîòíè÷üè òåððèòîðèè ìîãóò ñèëüíî ïåðåêðûâàòüñÿ, íî îðëû çàíèìàþò ïîä ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê ïðèâåðøèííûå ÷àñòè âîäîðàçäåëîâ è ñêëîíû, îòêðûòûå ê øèðîêèì äîëèíàì è ìåæñîïî÷íûì ïîíèæåíèÿì, òîãäà êàê ôèëèíû ïðåäïî÷èòàþò ãíåçäèòñÿ â íèæíåé ïîëîâèíå ñêëîíîâ è âûáèðàþò çàêðûòûå ñêëîíû (îäíàêî èçâåñòíû èñêëþ÷åíèÿ). Ó÷èòûâàÿ, ÷òî ÷èñëåííîñòü ñòåïíîãî îðëà îöåíåíà íàìè â 270–280 ïàð, à òåððèòîðèÿ, ïîòåíöèàëüíî ïðèãîäíàÿ äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ôèëèíà, íà êîòîðóþ ýêñòðàïîëèðîâàëèñü ó÷¸òíûå äàííûå, íà 10 % áîëüøå

ðàñ÷¸òíîé ïëîùàäè äëÿ ñòåïíîãî îðëà, áîëåå áëèçêîé ê ðåàëüíîé ÿâëÿåòñÿ îöåíêà ÷èñëåííîñòè â 281 ïàðó. Â ãîðíî-ëåñíîì ïîÿñå (10262,42 êì2) ôèëèí ãíåçäèòñÿ â îñíîâíîì â ðå÷íûõ äîëèíàõ íà ïðèáðåæíûõ ñêàëàõ. Òðåáîâàíèÿ, ïðåäúÿâëÿåìûå çäåñü ê ìåñòàì ãíåçäîâàíèÿ òàêèå æå, êàê äëÿ ñàïñàíà. Ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü ó÷àñòêîâ ðå÷íûõ äîëèí, íà êîòîðûõ âåðîÿòíî ãíåçäîâàíèå ôèëèíà, îïðåäåëåíà íàìè â 512,11 – 787,94 êì. Íà ìîäåëüíûõ ó÷àñòêàõ â äîëèíàõ ðåê Àíóé è Ïåñ÷àíàÿ, îáùåé ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòüþ 28,49 êì, áûëî ëîêàëèçîâàíî 3 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà ôèëèíîâ, ÷òî ñîîòâåòñòâóåò 1 ïàðå íà 9,5 êì. Ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ ýòèõ äàííûõ ïîçâîëÿåò îöåíèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíîâ, ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ â ðå÷íûõ äîëèíàõ ãîðíî-ëåñíîãî ïîÿñà, â 54–83 ïàðû. Ïî íàøèì íàáëþäåíèÿì íà Óðàëå è â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå 30 % ïàð ôèëèíîâ ãíåçäÿòñÿ íà ñêàëàõ âíå êðóïíûõ ðå÷íûõ äîëèí (íà âòîðîñòåïåííûõ ïðèòîêàõ è ïî ñêëîíàì õðåáòîâ), ïëîùàäü êîòîðûõ íåâîçìîæíî òî÷íî ïðîñ÷èòàòü ïî êîñìîñíèìêàì. Ó÷èòûâàÿ ýòî, ìîæíî îöåíèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíîâ, ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ âíå êðóïíûõ ðå÷íûõ äîëèí â 16–25 ïàð, à îáùóþ ÷èñëåííîñòü äëÿ ãîðíî-ëåñíîãî ïîÿñà – â 70–108 ïàð. Îñíîâûâàÿñü íà âûøåïðèâåäåííûõ ðàñ÷¸òàõ, ìû îöåíèâàåì ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíà â ãîðíîé ÷àñòè Îáñêîãî ëåâîáåðåæüÿ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ â 314–388 ïàð. Â ðàâíèííûõ ëåñàõ ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ôèëèíà ïîõîæå íà ðàñïðåäåëåíèå áîëüøîãî ïîäîðëèêà. Â ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðàõ ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè ýòèõ ïòèö â áîëüøèíñòâå ñëó÷àåâ ñîñåäñòâóþò, îäíàêî â êîëêîâûõ ëèñòâåííûõ ëåñàõ ôèëèí îòñóòñòâóåò íà áîëüøåé ÷àñòè òåððèòîðèè, íàñåëÿÿ òîëüêî êðóïíûå ðàçðåæåííûå êîëêè ïî áåðåãàì êðóïíûõ âîäíî-áîëîòíûõ êîìïëåêñîâ. Ïîòåíöèàëüíî ïðèãîäíàÿ äëÿ åãî ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ëåñîïîêðûòàÿ òåððèòîðèÿ â Îáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå ñîñòàâëÿåò 4691 êì2. Äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ôèëèí ïðåäïî÷èòàåò ñîâîêóïíîñòü âîäíî-áîëîòíûõ óãîäèé è ëåñà, ïðè÷åì â ëåñó òÿãîòååò ê ñòàðûì ó÷àñòêàì, â îòëè÷èå îò ïîäîðëèêà. Â áîðàõ îí èçáåãàåò ìîëîäûõ è çàêóñòàðåííûõ âûäåëîâ, ïðåäïî÷èòàÿ ãíåçäèòüñÿ â ñòàðûõ ðàçðåæåííûõ ëåñàõ. Îñíîâíûì êðèòåðèåì, ïðåäúÿâëÿåìûì ê ãíåçäîâîìó áèîòîïó, ÿâëÿåòñÿ íàëè÷èå âîäîåìà èëè êðóïíîãî áîëîòà (íå ìåíåå 1 êì2) â íåïîñðåäñòâåííîé áëèçîñòè îò ëåñíîãî ìàññèâà èëè âíóòðè íåãî. Ãíåçäîïðèãîäíîé ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïîëîñà ëåñà âäîëü âîäíîáîëîòíîãî êîìïëåêñà. Èñõîäÿ èç ýòèõ õàðàêòåðèñòèê, ìîæíî îïðåäåëèòü ïðîòÿ-

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2005, 3 æ¸ííîñòü ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ â 970 êì (íåñêîëüêî ìåíüøå, ÷åì äëÿ áîëüøîãî ïîäîðëèêà). Íà ìîäåëüíûõ ïëîùàäêàõ â Óãëîâñêîì, Âîë÷èõèíñêîì, Ðîìàíîâñêîì è Ìàìîíòîâñêîì ðàéîíàõ áûëî îáíàðóæåíî 24 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà ôèëèíîâ. Ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó ãí¸çäàìè è öåíòðàìè ó÷àñòêîâ, íà êîòîðûõ ðåãèñòðèðîâàëèñü ñë¸òêè, ñîñòàâëÿåò 0,99 – 8,70, â ñðåäíåì 3,9 êì (n=23). Íà ïàðó ïòèö ïðèõîäèòñÿ 11,92 êì2 ëåñíîé ïëîùàäè èëè 2,6 êì îáëåñ¸ííîé ÷àñòè ïåðèôåðèè âîäíî-áîëîòíûõ êîìïëåêñîâ. Ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ ó÷¸òíûõ äàííûõ íà îáùóþ ëåñíóþ ïëîùàäü è íà ãíåçäîïðèãîäíóþ ëåñíóþ äà¸ò îöåíêó â 394 è 371 ïàð ñîîòâåòñòâåííî. Ïîìèìî ïåðèôåðèè âîäíî-áîëîòíûõ êîìïëåêñîâ, ôèëèí îõîòíî ãíåçäèòñÿ â ñòàðûõ áîðàõ âäîëü íåðàñïàõàííûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ñòåïè, ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü êîòîðûõ â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå ñîñòàâëÿåò 437,5 êì. Ó÷¸òû â Óãëîâñêîì è Åãîðüåâñêîì ðàéîíàõ ïîêàçàëè, ÷òî 1 ïàðà ôèëèíîâ ïðèõîäèòñÿ íà 7,95 êì îïóøêè ñòàðîãî áîðà âäîëü íåðàñïàõàííîé ñòåïè. Ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ ïîçâîëÿåò îöåíèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü âäîëü îïóøåê ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðîâ âíå âîäíî-áîëîòíûõ êîìïëåêñîâ â 55 ïàð. Ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíà â ëåñàõ ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè Îáñêîãî ëåâîáåðåæüÿ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ îöåíèâàåòñÿ â 426– 449 ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàð. Íåêîòîðîå êîëè÷åñòâî ôèëèíîâ îïðåäåë¸ííî ãíåçäèòñÿ â îâðàæíî-áàëî÷íûõ ñèñòåìàõ âäîëü ïîáåðåæüÿ Îáè. Ýòà òåððèòîðèÿ â ïðåäåëàõ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ íàìè íå îáñëåäîâàëàñü, îäíàêî â àíàëîãè÷íûõ áèîòîïàõ íà òåððèòîðèè Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè ôèëèí áûë îáíàðóæåí íà ãíåçäîâàíèè â 1999 ã. (Êàðÿêèí è äð., 2000) è â 2001 ã. Ñòîëü îòðûâî÷íûå äàííûå íå ïîçâîëÿþò îöåíèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíà â òàêèõ áèîòîïàõ, îäíàêî ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü ãíåçäîâàíèå çäåñü êàê ìèíèìóì 5–10 ïàð ôèëèíîâ. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, îáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíà â Îáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ ìîæåò áûòü îöåíåíà â 745 – 847 ïàð. Â ìåæäóðå÷üå Áèè è Êàòóíè (3077,76 êì2) íå óäàëîñü íàéòè ãí¸çä ôèëèíà, õîòÿ ïðèçíàêè ïðåáûâàíèÿ âçðîñëûõ ïòèö îáíàðóæåíû â áîðó áëèç ñ. Óñÿòñêîå è íà ñêàëàõ ð. Èøà. Ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâëÿåò 0,16 ïàð/100 êì2 îáùåé ïëîùàäè, èñõîäÿ èç ÷åãî ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü ãíåçäîâàíèå â ìåæäóðå÷üå Áèè è Êàòóíè 3–7 ïàð ôèëèíîâ. Â áîðàõ Îáñêîãî ïðàâîáåðåæüÿ ôèëèí ãíåçäèòñÿ íà îáðûâàõ îáñêîé òåððàñû ëèáî âíóòðè áîðîâ ïî áåðåãàì îç¸ð è áîëîò,

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ óñòðàèâàÿ ãí¸çäà íà çåìëå â ïîäíîæèè ñòâîëîâ äåðåâüåâ. Íà ýòîé òåððèòîðèè èçâåñòíî 2 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà. Ïî ìàòåðèàëàì èññëåäîâàíèé 1999 ã. (Êàðÿêèí è äð., 2000) â äîëèíå Îáè è âíóòðè Ñóçóíñêîãî áîðà (62,3 êì ñêëîíà íàäïîéìåííîé òåððàñû è 63 êì ïîáåðåæèé îç¸ð è áîëîò) äëÿ Íîâîñèáèðñêîé ÷àñòè Ñóçóíñêîãî áîðà ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíà áûëà îïðåäåëåíà â 15 âîçìîæíûõ ïàð è â 11 ïàð äëÿ äîëèíû Îáè, ïðèëåãàþùåé ê áîðó. Ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâèëà 0,43 ïàðû/100 êì2 îáùåé ïëîùàäè ïðè ñëåäóþùèõ ñðåäíèõ ïîêàçàòåëÿõ ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ïî áèîòîïàì: 17,66 ïàð/100 êì ðåêè è 24,0 ïàð/100 êì ïîáåðåæüÿ îçåðà èëè áîëîòà âíóòðè áîðà. Ó÷èòûâàÿ ñõîäíûå õàðàêòåðèñòèêè òåððàñíûõ áîðîâ Îáè â ïðåäåëàõ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ, à òàêæå ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü ãíåçäîïðèãîäíîãî äëÿ ôèëèíà ñêëîíà òåððàñû Îáè (158,6 êì) è ïîáåðåæèé îç¸ð è áîëîò âíóòðè áîðîâ (176,4 êì), ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî íà òåððèòîðèè âñåõ ïðèîáñêèõ áîðîâ ãíåçäèòñÿ 65–75, â ñðåäíåì 70 ïàð ôèëèíîâ (33,33 % ãíåçäÿòñÿ âäîëü Îáè), èç êîòîðûõ 49–56 ïàð, â ñðåäíåì 53 ïàðû, ãíåçäèòñÿ â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå.

Ðèñ. 11. Êàðòà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ôèëèíà (Bubo bubo) â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå Fig. 11. The distribution of breeding territories of Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) in the Altai Kray

Â 2004 ã. áûëè îáñëåäîâàíû äâà ó÷àñòêà íà Áèå-×óìûøñêîé âîçâûøåííîñòè: äîëèíû ð. Øóáåíêà è ð. ×óìûø íà ïðîòÿæåíèè 67 êì. Çäåñü îáíàðóæåí ëèøü îäèí ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê ôèëèíîâ, à òàêæå çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíû ñëåäû ïðåáûâàíèÿ ôèëèíà íà äðóãîì ó÷àñòêå. Ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâèëà 0,09 ïàð/100 êì2 îáùåé ïëîùàäè èëè 1 ïàðà íà 33,5 êì ðåêè. Îöåíêà ÷èñëåííîñòè ñîñòàâëÿåò 10–30 ïàð, â ñðåäíåì 20 ïàð è ìîæåò áûòü íåñêîëüêî çàâûøåííîé.

Raptors Research

Raptors Conservation 2005, 3

Â ãîðíî-ëåñíîì ïîÿñå Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿ- óæå îïåðåííûå ïòåíöû áûëè ñúåäåíû ñîæà ôèëèí ãíåçäèòñÿ ïî ñêàëüíûì îáíàæå- áàêîé ëåñîðóáîâ, äåëÿíêà êîòîðûõ ðàñíèÿì ðå÷íûõ äîëèí. Çäåñü íàìè äîñòàòî÷- ïîëàãàëàñü â 20 ì îò ãíåçäà. íî õîðîøî îáñëåäîâàíà äîëèíà ð. Áåðäü Âûâîäêè ñîäåðæàò 1–3, â ñðåäíåì íà ó÷àñòêå íèæå ñ. Ìàñëÿíèíî Íîâîñèáèð- 1,87±0,69 ïòåíöà íà óñïåøíîå ãíåçäî ñêîé îáëàñòè, ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòüþ 32,63 êì (n=23). (Ðûáåíêî è äð., 2004), ãäå ëîêàëèçîâàíî 5 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ôèëèíîâ. Ýòè äàííûå (ñì. ñòàòüþ íà ñòð. 54) ïîçâîëÿþò îöåíèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíà â àëòàéñêîé ÷àñòè Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà. Îáùàÿ ïëîòíîñòü äëÿ áàññåéíà Áåðäè ñîñòàâëÿåò 0,38 ïàð/100 êì2. Ó÷èòûâàÿ ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü Ñàëàèðñêèõ ðåê íà òåððèòîðèè Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ, ïðèãîäíûõ äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ôèëèíà (131,7 êì), è îáùóþ ïëîùàäü ãîðíî-ëåñíîé çîíû Ñàëàèðà â êðàå (7911,36 êì2), ìîæíî Ïîãèáøàÿ êëàäêà ôèëèíà (Bubo bubo) (25.07.2003). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà îöåíèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíà The dead clutch of the Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) (25/07/2003). íà ãíåçäîâàíèè â 26–34, â Photo by I. Karyakin. ñðåäíåì 30 ïàð. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíà â Ïóñòóþùèå ãí¸çäà èëè ãí¸çäà ñ ïîãèáÎáñêîì ïðàâîáåðåæüå Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ øèìè êëàäêàìè è âûâîäêàìè ñîñòàâëÿþò 35 ìîæåò áûòü îöåíåíà â 101 – 139 ïàð, à % îò îáùåãî êîëè÷åñòâà îáíàðóæåííûõ îáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíà â Àëòàéñêîì (n=54 ïî äàííûì 2003 ã.), ò.å. óñïåøíîå êðàå – â 846 – 968 ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàð ðàçìíîæåíèå ðåãèñòðèðóåòñÿ íà 65 % ó÷à(ðèñ. 11). ñòêîâ ôèëèíîâ. Íà 110 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ â 2001–2005 Èñõîäÿ èç âûøåïðèâåäåííûõ äàííûõ, ãã. áûëî îáíàðóæåíî 80 ãí¸çä ôèëèíà. 29 ìîæíî îöåíèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíà â Àëãí¸çä ðàñïîëàãàëèñü â íèøàõ ñêàëüíûõ îá- òàéñêîì êðàå â 550–629 óñïåøíî ðàçìíîíàæåíèé (13 – íà ïðèðå÷íûõ ñêàëàõ, 12 – æàþùèõñÿ ïàð â ãîä. íà ñêàëàõ ñòåïíûõ âîçâûøåííîñòåé è 4 – Ïèòàíèå ôèëèíà î÷åíü ðàçíîîáðàçíî. íà ñêàëàõ èíîãî òèïà), 51 ãíåçäî – íà çåì- Îñíîâíûìè îáúåêòàìè äîáû÷è ÿâëÿþòñÿ ëå (49 – â ïîäíîæèè ñòàðûõ ñîñåí, 1 ïîä ìåëêèå è ñðåäíèå ìëåêîïèòàþùèå: âîäÿêóñòîì ñïèðåè íà áåðåãîâîì ñêëîíå ðåêè, íàÿ ïîë¸âêà, ñåðàÿ êðûñà, ñòåïíàÿ ïèùó1 – â ïîäíîæèè ñòîãà ñåíà). Èç 49 ãí¸çä â õà, àëòàéñêèé öîêîð, ìåëêèå ìûøåâèäíûå ïîäíîæèè ñîñåí 45 ðàñïîëàãàëèñü íà ãðè- ãðûçóíû, à òàêæå óòêè, ïàñòóøêîâûå, êóâàõ èëè ïåñ÷àíûõ áóãðàõ âíóòðè ëåñà è 4 ðèíûå è âðàíîâûå ïòèöû. Â áîðàõ ôèëèíà âåðøèíàõ áåðåãîâûõ îáðûâîâ îç¸ð. íû ÷àñòî äîáûâàþò çàéöåâ. Â öåëîì ïî Ïîãèáøèå êëàäêè ñîäåðæàëè 1–2, â òåððèòîðèè êðàÿ â äîáû÷å àáñîëþòíî äîñðåäíåì 1,8±0,45 ÿèö (n=5), è áîëüøèí- ìèíèðóåò âîäÿíàÿ ïîë¸âêà – 34 % îñòàíñòâî èç íèõ áûëî áðîøåíî íà ðàííèõ ýòà- êîâ. Â ïðåäãîðíî-ñòåïíûõ ðàéîíàõ ïðåïàõ íàñèæèâàíèÿ (âîçìîæíî, ÷àñòü èç îáëàäàþò õîìÿ÷êè è öîêîð, â ìåíüøåé íèõ áûëè íåïîëíûå). Îäíà èç ïîãèáøèõ ñòåïåíè óçêî÷åðåïíàÿ ïîë¸âêà è îáûêêëàäîê áûëà ÿâíî ïîâòîðíîé, òàê êàê ðàñ- íîâåííûé õîìÿê (äàííûå Î. Ãîí÷àðîâîé ïîëàãàëàñü â ñîòíå ìåòðîâ îò äðóãîãî ïî íàøèì ìàòåðèàëàì 2004 ã.). ãíåçäà ñ ïîãèáøåé êëàäêîé. Â 2-õ ïîãèáÂ ïèòàíèè ôèëèíà âñòðå÷àþòñÿ âñå âèäû øèõ âûâîäêàõ áûëî ïî 2 ïòåíöà. Âñå ñëó- õèùíûõ ïòèö, íàñåëÿþùèõ òåððèòîðèþ ÷àè ãèáåëè êëàäîê è âûâîäêîâ, çàðåãèñò- êðàÿ, çà èñêëþ÷åíèåì ñàìûõ êðóïíûõ – ðèðîâàííûå â ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðàõ, îðëàíà è áåðêóòà. Â 2003 ã. â ãí¸çäàõ ôèïðîèçîøëè ïî ïðè÷èíå áåñïîêîéñòâà ëèíà áûëè îáíàðóæåíû îñòàíêè ìîãèëüíèëþäüìè: â 4-õ ñëó÷àÿõ áëèç ãíåçäà áûëè êà (1), ïîäîðëèêà (1), áàëîáàíà (1), ïóñðàçáèòû ñòîÿíêè, ÷òî ïðèâåëî ê ãèáåëè òåëüãè (Falco tinnunculus) (2), êàíþêà (Buteo êëàäîê, â 2-õ ñëó÷àÿõ êëàäêà è âûâîäîê buteo) (3), êîðøóíà (7), äëèííîõâîñòîé ïîãèáëè èç-çà ðóáîê ëåñà è â 1-ì ñëó÷àå íåÿñûòè (Strix uralensis) (2) è óøàñòîé ñîâû

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2005, 3 (Asio otus) (11). Ó÷èòûâàÿ âûñîêóþ ïëîòíîñòü ôèëèíà, ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî îí îêàçûâàåò ñóùåñòâåííûé ïðåññ íà õèùíûõ ïòèö â êðàå, èãðàÿ íåìàëîâàæíóþ ðîëü è â èõ ðàñïðåäåëåíèè.

Áëàãîäàðíîñòè Àâòîðû âûðàæàþò áëàãîäàðíîñòü Ýëüâèðå Íèêîëåíêî, Âàëåíòèíå è Ìèõàèëó Íåìöåâûì, Îëüãå Ãîí÷àðîâîé, Äåíèñó Âàñåíüêîâó, Àíäðåþ Òîìèëåíêî, Àíäðåþ Ñåì¸íîâó è Ìèõàèëó Êîæåâíèêîâó, ó÷àñòâîâàâøèì â ýêñïåäèöèÿõ è ïîìîãàâøèì â ñáîðå è îáðàáîòêå ïîëåâîãî ìàòåðèàëà. Òàêæå ìû áëàãîäàðíû Weeden Foundation è Òèõîîêåàíñêîìó öåíòðó îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû è ïðèðîäíûõ ðåñóðñîâ (Pacific Environment, PERC, Ñàí-Ôðàíöèñêî), áåç ïîääåðæêè êîòîðûõ áûëà áû íåâîçìîæíà ðàáîòà Ñèáýêîöåíòðà â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå.

Ëèòåðàòóðà Àâåðèí Â.Ã., Ëàâðîâ À.Í. Ìàòåðèàëû ê èçó÷åíèþ ôàóíû ïòèö Òîìñêîé ãóáåðíèè. – Çàïèñêè Ñåìèïàëàò. ïîäîòä. Çàï.Ñèá. îòä. ÐÃÎ. Âûï. 5. Òîìñê, 1911. Ñ. 1–36. Àëåêñàíäðîâà Â.Ä., Ãóðè÷åâà Í.Ï., Èâàíèíà Ë.È. Ðàñòèòåëüíûé ïîêðîâ è ïðèðîäíûå êîðìîâûå óãîäüÿ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ (áåç Ãîðíî-Àëòàéñêîé ÀÎ) – Ïðèðîäíîå ðàéîíèðîâàíèå Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ. Òð. Îñîáîé êîìïëåêñíîé ýêñïåäèöèè ïî çåìëÿì íîâîãî ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííîãî îñâîåíèÿ. Ò. 1. Ì.: Èçä-âî ÀÍ ÑÑÑÐ, 1958. Ñ. 135–160. Àëåêñàíäðîâà Â.Ä., Áàçèëåâè÷ Í.È., Çàíèí Ã.Â., Èâàíèíà Ë.È., Êàðìàíîâ È.È., Êðàâöîâà Â.È., Ðîçàíîâ À.Í. Ïðèðîäíûå ðàéîíû Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ (áåç Ãîðíî-Àëòàéñêîé ÀÎ) – Ïðèðîäíîå ðàéîíèðîâàíèå Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ. Òð. Îñîáîé êîìïëåêñíîé ýêñïåäèöèè ïî çåìëÿì íîâîãî ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííîãî îñâîåíèÿ. Ò. 1. Ì.: Èçäâî ÀÍ ÑÑÑÐ, 1958. Ñ. 161–202. Àëòàéñêèé êðàé. Àòëàñ. Ò. 1. Ì.-Áàðíàóë, 1978. 222 ñ. Âåëèæàíèí À.Ï., Âåëèæàíèí Ã.À. Ñïèñêè ïòèö Áàðíàóëüñêîãî îêðóãà. – Uragus. 1929. Êí. 9. ¹ 1. Ñ. 5–15. Âåëèæàíèí Ã.À. Äîáàâëåíèå ê îðíèòîôàóíå Áàðíàóëüñêîãî îêðóãà. – Uragus. 1928. Êí. 6. ¹ 1. Ñ. 12–20. Âåëèæàíèí Ã.À. Çàìåòêè ïî îðíèòîôàóíå Áàðíàóëüñêîãî, Ðóáöîâñêîãî è Ñëàâãîðîäñêîãî îêðóãîâ. – Àëòàéñêèé ñáîðíèê. 1930. Ò. 12. Ñ. 58–60. Ãàðìñ Î.ß., Èðèñîâ Ý.À. Íàõîæäåíèå íåêîòîðûõ ïòèö, âíåñ¸ííûõ â Êðàñíóþ Êíèãó ÑÑÑÐ, íà òåððèòîðèè Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ. – Èñ÷åçàþùèå, ðåäêèå è ñëàáî èçó÷åííûå ðàñòåíèÿ è æèâîòíûå Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ è ïðîáëåìû èõ îõðàíû: Òåç. Äîêë. ê êîíô. Áàðíàóë, 1987. Ñ. 53–54.

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ Åãîðîâ Í.Í. Èç íàáëþäåíèé íàä ïîçâîíî÷íûìè ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðîâ. – Èçâ. Àëò. îòä. ÃÎ ÑÑÑÐ. Âûï. I. Áàðíàóë, 1961. Ñ. 65–74. Çàëåññêèé È.Ì., Çàëåññêèé Ï.Ì. Ïòèöû þãîçàïàäíîé Ñèáèðè. – Áþëë. ÌÎÈÏ. Îòä. áèîë. Âûï. 3–4'. Ì., 1931. Ò. 40. Ñ. 145–206. Çàíèí Ã.Â. Ãåîìîðôîëîãèÿ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ (áåç Ãîðíî-Àëòàéñêîé ÀÎ) – Ïðèðîäíîå ðàéîíèðîâàíèå Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ. Òð. Îñîáîé êîìïëåêñíîé ýêñïåäèöèè ïî çåìëÿì íîâîãî ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííîãî îñâîåíèÿ. Ò. 1. Ì.: Èçä-âî ÀÍ ÑÑÑÐ, 1958. Ñ. 62–98. Èðèñîâ Ý.À., Ãàðìñ Î.ß. Îöåíêà ñîâðåìåííîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ ôàóíû ïòèö â ïîéìå ðåêè Àëåé. – Ðàçâèòèå âîäíîãî õîçÿéñòâà è îõðàíà îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû â áàññåéíå ðåêè Àëåé: Òåç. äîêë. ê êîíô. Áàðíàóë, 1979. Ñ. 21–22. Êàðÿêèí È.Â. Òåõíèêà âûÿâëåíèÿ ðåäêèõ âèäîâ (êðóïíûå ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè). Ïåðìü: Èçäâî ÖÏÈ ÑÎÆ Óðàëà, ×.1. 1996. 80 ñ. Êàðÿêèí È.Â. Ìåòîäè÷åñêèå ðåêîìåíäàöèè ïî ó÷¸òó ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ è îáðàáîòêå ó÷¸òíûõ äàííûõ. – Íîâîñèáèðñê, èçäàòåëüñêèé äîì «Ìàíóñêðèïò». 2000. 32 ñ. Êàðÿêèí È.Â. Áàëîáàí â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå – èòîãè 2003 ãîäà. – Ñòåïíîé áþëëåòåíü. ¹ 14. Íîâîñèáèðñê, 2003. Ñ. 34–35. Êàðÿêèí È.Â. Ñàïñàí â Âîëãî-Óðàëüñêîì ðåãèîíå, Ðîññèÿ. – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà, 2005. ¹ 1. Ñ. 43–56. Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Âàñåíüêîâ Ä.À., Äóáûíèí À.Â. Ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå è ÷èñëåííîñòü íåêîòîðûõ âèäîâ ïòèö, ïðåäëàãàåìûõ â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè, â Îáñêîì ïðàâîáåðåæüå Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè – Ñîâðåìåííûå ïðîáëåìû îðíèòîëîãèè Ñèáèðè è Öåíòðàëüíîé Àçèè: Ìàòåðèàëû I Ìåæäóíàðîäíîé îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêîé êîíôåðåíöèè. – Óëàí-Óäý: Èçä-âî Áóðÿòñêîãî ãîñóíèâåðñèòåòà, 2000. Ñ.226–229. Êàùåíêî Í.Ô. Ðåçóëüòàòû Àëòàéñêîé çîîëîãè÷åñêîé ýêñïåäèöèè 1898 ãîäà. Ïîçâîíî÷íûå. – Èçâ. Òîìñê, óí-òà. Êí. 16. Òîìñê, 1900. Ñ. 49– 158. Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ. Ðåäêèå è íàõîäÿùèåñÿ ïîä óãðîçîé èñ÷åçíîâåíèÿ âèäû æèâîòíûõ. Áàðíàóë: Èçä-âî Àëò. Óí-òà, 1998. 238 ñ. Êðàñíîÿðîâà Á.À. Òåððèòîðèàëüíàÿ îðãàíèçàöèÿ àãðàðíîãî ïðèðîäîïîëüçîâàíèÿ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ. Íîâîñèáèðñê: Íàóêà. Ñèá. Ïðåäïðèÿòèå ÐÀÍ, 1999. 161 ñ. Êó÷èí À.Ï. Ïòèöû Àëòàÿ. Áàðíàóë, 1976. 231 ñ. Êó÷èí À.Ï. Ðåäêèå æèâîòíûå Àëòàÿ. Íîâîñèáèðñê, 1991. 211 ñ. Êó÷èí À.Ï., Êó÷èíà Í.À. Ãíåçäîâàíèå ðåäêèõ ïòèö â óñëîâèÿõ àíòðîïîãåííîãî âëèÿíèÿ â ïðèêóëóíäèíñêîé êîòëîâèíå. – Îñîáî îõðàíÿåìûå òåððèòîðèè Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ, òàêòèêà ñîõðàíåíèÿ âèäîâîãî ðàçíîîáðàçèÿ è ãåíîôîíäà: Òåç. äîêë. ê êîíô. Áàðíàóë, 1995. Ñ. 111–112. Ìàòåðèàëû ê Ãîñóäàðñòâåííîìó äîêëàäó î ñîñòîÿíèè îêðóæàþùåé ïðèðîäíîé Ñðåäû Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ â 1997 ãîäó. Áàðíàóë: Èçäàòåëüñòâî Àëòàéñêîãî ãîñóíèâåðñèòåòà. 1998. Íèêèòèí Â.Ã. Ðåäêèå è ìàëîèçó÷åííûå ïòèöû ã. Áàðíàóëà è åãî îêðåñòíîñòåé. – Çîîëîãè-

Raptors Research

Raptors Conservation 2005, 3 ÷åñêèå ïðîáëåìû Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ. Áàðíàóë, 1990. Ñ. 34–35. Îãóðååâà Ã.Í. Áîòàíè÷åñêàÿ ãåîãðàôèÿ Àëòàÿ. Ì.: Íàóêà, 1980. 187 ñ. Ïàæåíêîâ À.Ñ., Ñìåëÿíñêèé È.Ý. Âûÿâëåíèå ðåãèîíàëüíîãî ýêîëîãè÷åñêîãî êàðêàñà è ïîäãîòîâêà ïðîåêòà ñèñòåìû îõðàíÿåìûõ ïðèðîäíûõ òåððèòîðèé ñóáúåêòà Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè íà ïðèìåðå Ðåñïóáëèêè Áàøêîðòîñòàí è Ñàìàðñêîé îáëàñòè. – Èçâ. Ñàìàðñêîãî ÍÖ ÐÀÍ. Ñïåö. âûïóñê (Ïðèðîäíîå íàñëåäèå Ðîññèè). ×àñòü 1. 2004. Ñ. 65–77. Ïåòðîâ Â.Þ. Ìàòåðèàëû àíêåò ïî ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèþ ðåäêèõ íàçåìíûõ ïîçâîíî÷íûõ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ. – Îñîáî îõðàíÿåìûå òåððèòîðèè Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ, òàêòèêà ñîõðàíåíèÿ âèäîâîãî ðàçíîîáðàçèÿ è ãåíîôîíäà: Òåç. äîêë. ê êîíô. Áàðíàóë, 1995. Ñ. 45–47. Ïåòðîâ Â.Þ., Êèñåëüìàí Å.ß., Èðèñîâ Ý.À., ×óïèí È.È. Èç íàáëþäåíèé çà ïòèöàìè, âíåñ¸ííûìè â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó ÐÑÔÑÐ, â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå. – Ñîñòîÿíèå è ïóòè ñáåðåæåíèÿ ãåíîôîíäà äèêèõ ðàñòåíèé è æèâîòíûõ â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå: Òåç. äîêë. ê êîíô. Áàðíàóë, 1992. Ñ. 46–47. Ïåòðîâ Â.Þ., Èðèñîâ Ý.À. Íåêîòîðûå äàííûå î íàõîæäåíèè ðåäêèõ âèäîâ ïòèö â çàêàçíèêàõ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ. – Îñîáî îõðàíÿåìûå òåððèòîðèè Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ, òàêòèêà ñîõðàíåíèÿ âèäîâîãî ðàçíîîáðàçèÿ è ãåíîôîíäà: Òåç. äîêë. ê êîíô. Áàðíàóë, 1995. Ñ. 42–45. Ïåòðîâ Â.Þ., Ìåðêóøåâ Î.À. Ê ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèþ îðëà-ìîãèëüíèêà â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå. – Êîððîëåâñêèé îðåë: Ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå, ñîñòîÿíèå ïîïóëÿöèé è ïåðñïåêòèâû îõðàíû îðëàìîãèëüíèêà (Aquila heliaca) â Ðîññèè. Ñáîðíèê íàó÷íûõ òðóäîâ. Ñåðèÿ: Ðåäêèå âèäû ïòèö. Âûï. 1. Ì.: Ñîþç îõðàíû ïòèö Ðîññèè, 1999. Ñ. 84. Ïëîòíèêîâ Â.Í. Âñòðå÷è ðåäêèõ ñîêîëîîáðàçíûõ â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ã. Áàðíàóëà. – Ñîñòîÿíèå è ïóòè ñáåðåæåíèÿ ãåíîôîíäà äèêèõ ðàñòåíèé è æèâîòíûõ â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå: Òåç. äîêë. ê êîíô. Áàðíàóë, 1992. Ñ. 47–48. Ïëîòíèêîâ B.Í., Òðóíîâ À.À. Î íàõîæäåíèè ðåäêèõ ïòèö â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ã. Áàðíàóë. – Îñîáî îõðàíÿåìûå òåððèòîðèè Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ, òàêòèêà ñîõðàíåíèÿ âèäîâîãî ðàçíîîáðàçèÿ è

Ýêñïåäèöèîííàÿ ãðóïïà íà Êîëûâàíñêîì õðåáòå. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà The field group on the Kolyvan mountain. Photo by I. Karyakin

ãåíîôîíäà: Ìàòåð. ê ðåãèîíàëüíîé êîíô. Áàðíàóë, 1995. Ñ. 49–50. Ðàâêèí Þ.Ñ. Ïòèöû Ñåâåðî-Âîñòî÷íîãî Àëòàÿ (Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå, ÷èñëåííîñòü, ñòðóêòóðà è äèíàìèêà íàñåëåíèÿ). Íîâîñèáèðñê, 1973. 374 ñ. Ðàâêèí Þ.Ñ., Âàðòàïåòîâ Ë.Ã. è äð. Îöåíêà ëåòíåé ÷èñëåííîñòè ðåäêèõ è èñ÷åçàþùèõ ïòèö Çàïàäíî-Ñèáèðñêîé ðàâíèíû. – Ðåñóðñû ðåäêèõ æèâîòíûõ ÐÑÔÑÐ, èõ îõðàíà è âîñïðîèçâîäñòâî (Ìàòåðèàëû ê Êðàñíîé êíèãå). Ì., 1988. Ñ. 46–50. Ðûáåíêî À.Â., Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Òîìèëåíêî À.À., Âàñåíüêîâ Ä.À., Ñìåëÿíñêèé È.Ý. Íîâûå äàííûå î ðåäêèõ è íóæäàþùèõñÿ â îõðàíå âèäàõ ïòèö ïðàâîáåðåæüÿ Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè – Äîêëàä î ñîñòîÿíèè îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè â 2003 ã. Íîâîñèáèðñê, 2004. Ñ. 71–72. Ñåëåâèí Â.À. Î ïòèöàõ îêðåñòíîñòåé Çìåèíîãîðñêà. – Uragus. 1928. Êí. VIII. ¹ 3–4. Ñ. 14–18. Ñåëåâèí Â. À. Äîïîëíåíèå ê îðíèòîôàóíå Ïðèàëåéñêîé ñòåïè. – Uragus. 1929. Êí. IX. ¹ 1. Ñ. 15–23. Ñìåëÿíñêèé È.Ý., Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Åãîðîâà À.Â., Ãîí÷àðîâà Î., Òîìèëåíêî À.À. Î ñîñòîÿíèè íåêîòîðûõ íóæäàþùèõñÿ â îõðàíå âèäîâ êðóïíûõ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ â ñòåïíûõ ïðåäãîðüÿõ ðîññèéñêîãî Çàïàäíîãî Àëòàÿ (Àëòàéñêèé êðàé) – Òð. íàó÷íî-ïðàêòè÷åñêîé êîíôåðåíöèè «Èçó÷åíèå è îõðàíà ãîðíûõ ýêîñèñòåì Þæíîé Ñèáèðè». Áàðíàóë, 2005, â ïå÷àòè. Ñóáðåãèîíàëüíàÿ íàöèîíàëüíàÿ ïðîãðàììà äåéñòâèé ïî áîðüáå ñ îïóñòûíèâàíèåì äëÿ Çàïàäíîé Ñèáèðè (þã Êóëóíäû Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ, Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè). Âîëãîãðàä, 2000. 234 ñ. Ôîêñ Í., Áàðòîí Í., Ïîòàïîâ Å. Îõðàíà ñîêîëà-áàëîáàíà è ñîêîëèíàÿ îõîòà. – Ñòåïíîé Áþëëåòåíü, 2003, ¹ 14. Ñ. 28–33. Þðëîâ Ê.Ò. Ëåòíÿÿ àâèôàóíà Êóëóíäû. – Áèîëîãè÷åñêàÿ è ýïèçîîòîëîãè÷åñêàÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêà î÷àãîâ îìñêîé ãåìîððàãè÷åñêîé ëèõîðàäêè Çàïàäíîé Ñèáèðè. Íîâîñèáèðñê, 1974. Ñ. 22–37. IUCN Red List, 2004. Karyakin I., Konovalov L., Moshkin A., Pazhenkov A., Smelansky I., Rybenko A. Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) in Russia. – Falco 23, 2004. P. 3–9.

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2005, 3

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

The raptors in the steppe of the Russian Altai foothills – records 2005 ПЕРНАТЫЕ ХИЩНИКИ СТЕПНЫХ ПРЕДГОРИЙ РУССКОГО АЛТАЯ: НАХОДКИ 2005 ГОДА I.E. Smelansky (Siberian Environmental Center, Novosibirsk, Russia) A.A. Tomilenko (Siberian Environmental Center, Novosibirsk, Russia) И.Э. Смелянс ий (МБОО «Сибирс ий э оло ичес ий центр», Новосибирс , Россия) А.А. Томилен о (МБОО «Сибирс ий э оло ичес ий центр», Новосибирс , Россия)

Êîíòàêò: Èëüÿ Ñìåëÿíñêèé Àíäðåé Òîìèëåíêî ÌÁÎÎ «Ñèáèðñêèé ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð» 630090 Ðîññèÿ Íîâîñèáèðñê à/ÿ 547 òåë./ôàêñ: (383) 339 78 85 ilya@ecoclub.nsu.ru aatom@ngs.ru Contact: Ilya Smelansky Andrey Tomilenko NGO Siberian Environmental Center P.O. Box 547 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia tel./fax: (383) 339 78 85 ilya@ecoclub.nsu.ru aatom@ngs.ru

Ãíåçäî ñòåïíîãî îðëà (Aquila nipalensis) (11.05.2005). Ôîòî È. Ñìåëÿíñêîãî The nest of the Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis) (11/05/2005). Photo by I. Smelansky

Îñíîâíàÿ ÷àñòü ñòåïíûõ ìàññèâîâ, ñîõðàíÿþùèõñÿ â çàïàäíûõ ïðåäãîðüÿõ Ðóññêîãî Àëòàÿ, ëåæèò â ïðåäåëàõ 5 àäìèíèñòðàòèâíûõ ðàéîíîâ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ (Ëîêòåâñêèé, Òðåòüÿêîâñêèé, Çìåèíîãîðñêèé, Êóðüèíñêèé, Êðàñíîù¸êîâñêèé). Êàê ïðàâèëî, ñòåïíûå ñîîáùåñòâà ñîõðàíèëèñü çäåñü áëàãîäàðÿ ïåðåñå÷¸ííîìó ðåëüåôó è êàìåíèñòîé ïî÷âå, îíè ïðèóðî÷åíû ê ìåëêîñîïî÷íèêàì, ãðÿäîâî-ñîïî÷íûì è ñîïî÷íî-óâàëèñòûì ìàññèâàì è ê íèçêîãîðüÿì. C ýòèìè ñòåïíûìè ìàññèâàìè ñâÿçàíû êðóïíûå ãíåçäîâûå ãðóïïèðîâêè ðÿäà âèäîâ êðóïíûõ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ (Êàðÿêèí è äð., 28 ñòð). Âñå íàçâàííûå ðàéîíû áûëè ïîñåùåíû íàìè ñ 8 ïî19 ìàÿ è ñ 1 ïî 11 èþëÿ 2005 ã. Ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ âûÿâëÿëèñü â ïîðÿäêå çàïîëíåíèÿ ïðîáåëîâ ïðåäûäóùèõ îáñëåäîâàíèé (2001– 2004 ãã.), îñíîâûâàÿñü íà ðàñïîëîæåíèè óæå èçâåñòíûõ ãí¸çä è ðàñïðåäåëåíèè ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ. Ïîèñê ãí¸çä íà ìåñòíîñòè ïðîâîäèëñÿ â õîäå ïåøèõ, ðåæå àâòîìîáèëüíûõ ìàðøðóòîâ, ïðîëîæåííûõ â ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïàõ. Îñíîâíûå ðåçóëüòàòû ñëåäóþùèå. Ñòåïíîé îð¸ë (Aquila nipalensis) Íàíåñåíî íà êàðòó 25 ðàíåå íåèçâåñòíûõ ãí¸çä, áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü èõ îòíîñèòñÿ ê 9 ðàíåå íåèçâåñòíûì ãíåçäîâûì ó÷àñòêàì, â ýòîì ãîäó çàíÿòûì. Ïðîâåðåí 1 ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê, âïåðâûå âûÿâëåííûé â 2004 ã. (â òåêóùåì ãîäó ïóñòóåò). Ïðè îáñëåäîâàíèè â ìàå â 7 ãí¸çäàõ îòìå÷åíû êëàäêè; êàê ïðàâèëî, â êëàäêàõ áûëî 2 ÿéöà (â åäèíñòâåííîì ñëó÷àå áûëî îäíî). Îäíàêî â èþëå íå âñòðå÷åíî íè îäíîãî âûâîäêà, â òîì ÷èñëå íà 3 ãí¸çäàõ, ãäå â ìàå áûëè îòìå÷åíû êëàäêè. Â îäíîì ñëó÷àå íàéäåíû êîñâåííûå

The territory of the Altai Kray (Loktevskiy, Tretyakovskiy, Zmeinogorskiy, Kurinskiy, Krasnoschekovskiy districts) has been surveyed in 8–19 May and 1–11 July 2005. Results: The Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis) A total of 9 new breeding areas were found on the surveyed territory (25 nests, comprising 7 living nests). All nests were located on ground and little rocks. Six clutches contained 2 eggs and one clutch contained 1 egg, but in all nests visited in July the broods are not found. Partially unsuccessful breeding of the Steppe Eagle in 2005 was evoked by predation of the Eagle Owl. The Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) A total of 7 breeding areas were found on the surveyed territory (3 new breeding areas). A new living nest was found on pine tree. A total of 6 breeding areas occupied and 4 with successful breeding were found on the surveyed territory in this year. A total of 9 nests were located on rocks and 2 nests were located on undersized pine trees. The Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) A new active nest located on rock was found on the surveyed territory in this year. The Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) Four active breeding areas were found on the surveyed territory in 2005. Two broods contained 2 and 3 fledglings. On the same way four nests of the Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) and a nest of the Hobby (Falco subbuteo) were found. The autors thank Pacific Environment (PERC), Hewlett Foundation and Weeden Foundation for financial help.

Raptors Research

Ïòåíåö áåðêóòà (Aquila chrysaetos) â ãíåçäå (18.05.2005). Ôîòî È. Ñìåëÿíñêîãî The chick of the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) on a nest (18/05/2005). Photo by I. Smelansky

Ñë¸òîê ôèëèíà (Bubo bubo) (09.07.2005). Ôîòî È. Ñìåëÿíñêîãî The fledgling of the Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) (09/07/2005). Photo by I. Smelansky

Raptors Conservation 2005, 3 ñâèäåòåëüñòâà òîãî, ÷òî âûâîäîê áûë äîáûò ôèëèíîì; åù¸ â îäíîì ñëó÷àå æèëîé ó÷àñòîê ñòåïíîãî îðëà, â êîòîðîì â èþëå îòñóòñòâîâàë âûâîäîê, âïëîòíóþ ïðèìûêàë ê ó÷àñòêó ôèëèíà, òàê, ÷òî æèëûå ãí¸çäà îðëà è ôèëèíà áûëè óäàëåíû äðóã îò äðóãà íà ðàññòîÿíèå ìåíåå 1 êì. Ïðåäñòàâëÿåòñÿ, ÷òî â 2005 ã. óñïåõ ðàçìíîæåíèÿ ñòåïíîãî îðëà íà îáñëåäîâàííîé òåððèòîðèè áûë íåîáû÷íî íèçêèì. Âåðîÿòíî, ýòîìó ñïîñîáñòâîâàëî õèùíè÷åñòâî ôèëèíà. Áîëüøèíñòâî èç îáñëåäîâàííûõ ãí¸çä ðàñïîëîæåíû íà çåìëå èëè íåâûñîêèõ ñêàëüíûõ âûõîäàõ, 6 ãí¸çä – íà óñòóïàõ êðóòûõ ñêàëüíûõ ñêëîíîâ ñîïîê.

Áåðêóò (Aquila chrysaetos) Âûÿâëåíî 3 ðàíåå íåèçâåñòíûõ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà, æèëûõ â òåêóùåì ãîäó. Íà îäíîì èç íèõ, â ãíåçäå íà íèçêîé ñîñíå, â ìàå îòìå÷åí ïòåíåö, íà äâóõ äðóãèõ ãíåçäî ñ âûâîäêîì íå íàéäåíî è ïðåäñòàâëÿåòñÿ âåðîÿòíûì, ÷òî ðàçìíîæåíèÿ íå áûëî. Òàêæå ïðîâåðåíî 4 ðàíåå èçâåñòíûõ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà (2 âûÿâëåííûõ â 2003 è 2 – â 2004 ãã.). Èç íèõ òðè îêàçàëèñü çàíÿòû ïòèöàìè, ïðè÷¸ì íà äâóõ â èþëå íàáëþäàëèñü ñëåòêè. Â öåëîì, â òåêóùåì ãîäó íàáëþäàëîñü 6 çàíÿòûõ ó÷àñòêîâ áåðêóòà – â Òðåòüÿêîâñêîì (4) è Çìåèíîãîðñêîì (2) ðàéîíàõ êðàÿ. Èç îáñëåäîâàííûõ 11 ãí¸çä 9 ðàñïîëàãàëèñü íà êðóòîñêëîííûõ ñêàëàõ, 2 ãíåçäà – íà íèçêèõ (îêîëî 4 ì) ñîñíàõ, îäèíî÷íî ðàñòóùèõ íà êðóòûõ ñêàëüíûõ ñêëîíàõ. Êðîìå òîãî, âçðîñëûõ ïòèö íåîäíîêðàòíî îòìå÷àëè (â ìàå) â äîëèíå ð. ×àðûø þæíåå ñ. Ìàðàëèõà (Êðàñíîù¸êîâñêèé ð-í), íî õàðàêòåð èõ ïðåáûâàíèÿ çäåñü íå îïðåäåë¸í.

Áàëîáàí (Falco cherrug) Íàéäåí 1 ðàíåå íåèçâåñòíûé ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê â Çìåèíîãîðñêîì ðàéîíå. Ãíåçäî è ìíîãîëåòíÿÿ ïðèñàäà ðàñïîëàãàþòñÿ â íèøàõ ñêàëû íà ãðàíèòíîì áàñòèîíå, âåí÷àþùåì ãðåáåíü ñîïî÷íîé ãðÿäû. Ôèëèí (Bubo bubo) Âûÿâëåíî 4 ðàíåå íåèçâåñòíûõ æèëûõ ó÷àñòêà ôèëèíà. Ïðîâåðåí 1 æèëîé ó÷àñòîê, âïåðâûå íàéäåííûé â 2004 ã. – â òåêóùåì ãîäó îòìå÷åíî óñïåøíîå ðàçìíîæåíèå. Íà äâóõ ó÷àñòêàõ, ïîñåù¸ííûõ â èþëå, âñòðå÷åíû ñë¸òêè (2 è 3 íà ãíåçäî). Âñå îáñëåäîâàííûå ãí¸çäà è ïðèñàäû ðàñïîëàãàëèñü ñðåäè ñêàëüíûõ ðàçâàëîâ èëè ïîä íàâåñàìè ó îñíîâàíèÿ ñêàëüíûõ ãðåáåøêîâ. Â îäíîì ñëó÷àå, ãäå æèëîå ãíåçäî íà ó÷àñòêå íàéäåíî íå áûëî, ïðåäïîëîæèëè, ÷òî îíî íàõîäèòñÿ íà îïóøêå óð¸ìíîãî ëåñà ïîä îáæèòûì ôèëèíîì ñêëîíîì. Ïîïóòíî âûÿâëåíî íåñêîëüêî æèëûõ ãí¸çä íåóãðîæàåìûõ ìåëêèõ ñîêîëîâ (èõ èçó÷åíèå íå áûëî íàøåé çàäà÷åé). Îáûêíîâåííàÿ ïóñòåëüãà (Falco tinnunculus) Îòìå÷åíî 4 ãíåçäà. Äâà ðàñïîëîæåíû íà äåðåâüÿõ (â äîëèííûõ ëåñêàõ) (íà àìåðèêàíñêîì êëåíå è íà áåð¸çå â ïîñòðîéêàõ âðàíîâûõ), äâà äðóãèõ – â íèøàõ (â îòâåñíîé ñòåíêå æèâîãî îâðàãà è â øëàêîáëî÷íîé ñòåíå íåæèëîãî äîìà âíå íàñåë¸ííîãî ïóíêòà). Â 3 ãí¸çäàõ â èþëå íàáëþäàëèñü ñë¸òêè – â äâóõ ñëó÷àÿõ 2, â îäíîì – 3 â âûâîäêå. ×åãëîê (Falco subbuteo) Â ìàå îòìå÷åíî 1 ãíåçäî, çàíÿòîå ïàðîé ÷åãëîêîâ (Êóðüèíñêèé ð-í). Îíî áûëî ðàñïîëîæåíî íà áåð¸çå, âåðîÿòíî â ïîñòðîéêå âîðîíû, â áàéðà÷íîì ëåñêå ïî äîëèíå ðó÷üÿ. Èíòåðåñíî, ÷òî â 300 ì îò ýòîãî ãíåçäà ðàñïîëàãàëîñü æèëîå ãíåçäî ïóñòåëüãè. Êðîìå òîãî, âçðîñëûå ñàìöû ïîäîëãó íàáëþäàëèñü â þæíîé ÷àñòè Ëîêòåâñêîãî ðàéîíà (â äâóõ ìåñòàõ) è 1 ðàç â Êðàñíîù¸êîâñêîì ðàéîíå. Ìû áëàãîäàðíû Òèõîîêåàíñêîìó öåíòðó îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû è ïðèðîäíûõ ðåñóðñîâ (Pacific Environment, PERC) è ôîíäó Õüþëåòò, áëàãîäàðÿ ÷üåé ïîääåðæêå ñòàëè âîçìîæíûìè íàøè èññëåäîâàíèÿ óãðîæàåìûõ õèùíûõ ïòèö â ïðåäãîðüÿõ Àëòàÿ â 2005 ã., à òàêæå ôîíäó Âèäåíà, ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíî ïîääåðæèâàâøåìó íàøó ðàáîòó â 2001–2004 ãã.

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2005, 3

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

New data of distribution and number of some birds of prey and owls on the right bank of the Ob’ river in the Novosibirsk district НОВЫЕ ДАННЫЕ ПО РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЮ И ЧИСЛЕННОСТИ НЕКОТОРЫХ ХИЩНЫХ ПТИЦ И СОВ В ОБСКОМ ПРАВОБЕРЕЖЬЕ НОВОСИБИРСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ I.V. Karyakin (Center for Field Studies, N.Novgorod, Russia) A.V. Rybenko (Siberian Environmental Center, Novosibirsk, Russia) E.G. Nikolenko (Siberian Environmental Center, Novosibirsk, Russia) И.В. Каря ин (Центр полевых исследований, Н.Нов ород, Россия) А.В. Рыбен о (МБОО «Сибирс ий э оло ичес ий центр», Новосибирс , Россия) Э.Г. Ни олен о (МБОО «Сибирс ий э оло ичес ий центр», Новосибирс , Россия)

Êîíòàêò: Èãîðü Êàðÿêèí Öåíòð ïîëåâûõ èññëåäîâàíèé 603000 Ðîññèÿ Íèæíèé Íîâãîðîä óë. Êîðîëåíêî, 17a–17 òåë.: (8312) 33 38 47 ikar_research@mail.ru Àíàñòàñèÿ Ðûáåíêî Ýëüâèðà Íèêîëåíêî ÌÁÎÎ «Ñèáèðñêèé ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð» 630090 Ðîññèÿ Íîâîñèáèðñê à/ÿ 547 òåë./ôàêñ: (383) 339 78 85 ann@ecoclub.nsu.ru nikolenko@ecoclub.nsu.ru Contact: Igor Karyakin Center of Field Studies Korolenko str., 17a–17 Nizhniy Novgorod 603000 Russia tel.: (8312) 33 38 47 ikar_research@mail.ru Anastasia Rybenko Elvira Nikolenko NGO Siberian Enviromental Center P.O. Box 547 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia tel./fax: (383) 339 78 85 ann@ecoclub.nsu.ru nikolenko@ecoclub.nsu.ru

26 èþëÿ – 2 àâãóñòà 2002 ã. â ðàìêàõ ïðîåêòà Ñèáýêîöåíòðà àâòîðàìè áûëà ïðîâåäåíà ýêñïåäèöèÿ, öåëüþ êîòîðîé ÿâëÿëàñü èíâåíòàðèçàöèÿ ðåäêèõ âèäîâ ïòèö, â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü õèùíûõ. Ìàðøðóò ýêñïåäèöèè ïðîø¸ë ïî ð. Áåðäü îò ä. Ïàéâèíî Ìàñëÿíèíñêîãî ðàéîíà äî ï. Ñòàðûé Èñêèòèì Èñêèòèìñêîãî ðàéîíà è ñîñòàâèë 119,6 êì. Ãðóïïà ñïëàâëÿëàñü íà êàðêàñíîé áàéäàðêå «Òàéìåíü–2» â ñöåïêå ñ íàäóâíîé ðåçèíîâîé ëîäêîé, ïðîõîäÿ â äåíü â ñðåäíåì 14,9 (4,2 – 26,8) êì. Íàðÿäó ñ âîäíûìè ìàðøðóòàìè ïðîâîäèëèñü ïåøèå îáñëåäîâàíèÿ òåððàñíûõ áîðîâ è ïðèðå÷íûõ ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèé. Îáùàÿ ïðîòÿæåííîñòü ïåøèõ ìàðøðóòîâ ñîñòàâèëà 9,7 êì, èç êîòîðûõ 6,6 êì ïî òåððàñíûì áîðàì. 12 – 25 èþíÿ 2003 ã. ñïëàâ íà äàííîì ó÷àñòêå ð. Áåðäü áûë ïîâòîðåí ñ öåëüþ ìîíèòîðèíãà ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ õèùíûõ ïòèö ãðóïïîé ïîä ðóêîâîäñòâîì À.Â. Ðûáåíêî, â êîòîðóþ âîøëè òàêæå ÷ëåíû Ñèáýêîöåíòðà Ä.À. Âàñåíüêîâ è À.À. Òîìèëåíêî è ñîòðóäíèê Ýêîöåíòðà «Äðîíò» (Í. Íîâãîðîä) Ì.Â. Ïåñòîâ. 17 – 23 èþëÿ 2003 ã. ïðîâåäåíî ïåøåå è êîííîå îáñëåäîâàíèå íåêîòîðûõ ó÷àñòêîâ äîëèíû ð. Áåðäü À.Â. Ðûáåíêî è Í.Â. Ïðèéäàê. Ñáîð è îáðàáîòêà ìàòåðèàëà ïî ÷èñëåííîñòè âèäîâ îñóùåñòâëÿëèñü ïî ìåòîäèêå È.Â. Êàðÿêèíà (1996, 2000). Â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ ìåòîäèêîé â õîäå ìàðøðóòîâ ðåãèñòðèðîâàëèñü âñå âñòðå÷åííûå äíåâíûå õèùíûå ïòèöû íà îáñëåäóåìîé òåððèòîðèè. Äëÿ êàæäîé âñòðå÷åííîé ïòèöû îïðåäåëÿëîñü ðàññòîÿíèå îò íàáëþäàòåëÿ äî ïòèöû â ïåðâûé ìîìåíò ðåãèñòðàöèè (äàëüíîñòü îáíàðóæåíèÿ). Äëÿ ðàñ÷¸òà ïëîòíîñòè äëÿ êàæäîãî âèäà âû÷èñëÿëàñü ñðåäíÿÿ äàëüíîñòü îáíàðóæåíèÿ ïî ñîâîêóïíîñòè

The territory of the Berd’ river valley in the Novosibirsk district has been surveyed in 26 June – 2 August 2002, 12 – 25 June 2003 and 17 – 23 July 2003. The Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) Three nests were found in the Berd’ river valley and one was in the Bol’shoy El’bash river valley. The all nests were located on pines. Density of the Golden Eagle is estimated as 0,05 pair per 1 km2 of the river valley. Average distance between nests was 4,15 km. A total of 10 pairs (7–12) are estimated for the Berd’ river valley, 63 pairs (50–70) – for the Salair mountains. At whole a total of 70 breeding pairs are projected for the right bank of the Ob’ river in the Novosibirsk district. The Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus) There was the first registration for the Novosibirsk district. The nest was found in 28 July 2002 on a poplar, 1 adult was recorded in 1 August 2002. The Honey Buzzard (Pernis apivorus) including of which in the Red Data Book of the Novosibirsk district was failed. This is the common species in the Berd’ river valley. The frequency of recording was 8,36 individuals 100 km of the river. The density was 26,76 individuals per 100 km2 of the river valley or 21,41 pairs per 100 km2 of the river valley. A total of 76,46 pairs (70,61 – 81,06 pairs) are estimated in the Berd’ river valley. The maximal density was recorded in pine forests along the Berd’ (there was 0,31 pairs per km2 of forest). The total of 2659 breeding pairs (2373 – 2765) are estimated for the right bank of the Ob’ river in the Novosibirsk district.

Raptors Research

Raptors Conservation 2005, 3 ðåãèñòðàöèé. Ðàñ÷¸ò ÷èñëåííîñòè êàæäîãî âèäà â¸ëñÿ íà òå ëàíäøàôòû, â êîòîðûõ ðåãèñòðèðîâàëèñü ïòèöû äàííîãî âèäà. ×èñëåííîñòü îáû÷íûõ âèäîâ îöåíèâàëàñü èñõîäÿ èç èõ ïëîòíîñòè, ïîëó÷åííîé â õîäå ó÷¸òîâ íà ìàðøðóòàõ è ïëîùàäêàõ. Äëÿ ðåäêèõ õèùíûõ ïòèö ïðè ëîêàëèçàöèè èõ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ïðåäïðèíèìàëèñü ïîïûòêè íàéòè ãíåçäà, çà èñêëþ÷åíèåì òåõ äíåé, êîãäà ïîãîäà íå ïîçâîëÿëà ýòîãî ñäåëàòü. Â äàëüíåéøåì ðàñ÷¸ò ÷èñëåííîñòè ðåäêèõ âèäîâ îñóùåñòâëÿëñÿ ÃÈÑ-ìåòîäîì, èñõîäÿ èç ïëîùàäè ãíåçäîâûõ òåððèòîðèé. Â ðÿäå ñëó÷àåâ ïðè âûÿâëåíèè è ó÷¸òå ñêðûòíûõ õèùíûõ ïòèö, â ÷àñòíîñòè îñîåäà, èñïîëüçîâàëè èìèòàöèþ âèäîñïåöèôè÷åñêèõ òåððèòîðèàëüíûõ ñèãíàëîâ. Ñîâû (êðîìå ôèëèíà) ó÷èòûâàëèñü íà òî÷êàõ â ìåñòàõ íî÷åâîê ãðóïïû. Áåðêóò (Aquila chrysaetos) âèçóàëüíî ðåãèñòðèðîâàëñÿ òîëüêî íà ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ, ïîñëå îáíàðóæåíèÿ ãí¸çä â õîäå èõ ïîñåùåíèÿ. Íà îáñëåäîâàííîì ó÷àñòêå äîëèíû ð. Áåðäü ãíåçäîâàíèå áåðêóòà óñòàíîâëåíî òîëüêî â ïðåäåëàõ îòðîãîâ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà (ðèñ. 1): 2 ãíåçäà îáíàðóæåíû íà òåððèòîðèè Ìàñëÿíèíñêîãî ðàéîíà è 1 ãíåçäî – â Èñêèòèìñêîì ðàéîíå. Âñå ãíåçäà áûëè ìíîãîëåòíèìè è æèëûìè, îäíàêî äåòàëüíî îáñëåäîâàòü óäàëîñü ëèøü îäíî. Äâà äðóãèõ îñòàëèñü íå îñìîòðåíû èç-çà ïðîëèâíîãî äîæäÿ è ëèìèòà âðåìåíè. Ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó ãí¸çäàìè ñîñòàâèëî 5,0 è 3,3 êì ñîîòâåòñòâåííî. Âñå ãí¸çäà áûëè ïðèóðî÷åíû ê âåðõíåé òðåòè êðóòûõ ñêàëèñòûõ ñêëîíîâ ðå÷íîé äîëèíû â ïîâîðîòàõ ðåêè, òàêèì îáðàçîì, ÷òî ñ íèõ îòêðûâàëñÿ âèä íà âñþ èçëó÷èíó. Òî åñòü ïòèöà, ñèäÿùàÿ íà ãíåçäå èëè íà ïðèñàäå áëèç íåãî èìåëà âîçìîæíîñòü âèäåòü âñþ ðå÷íóþ äîëèíó âûøå è íèæå ãíåçäà. Â òî æå âðåìÿ ëèøü îäíî ãíåçäî õîðîøî ïðîñìàòðèâàëîñü ñ ðåêè. Ýòî ãíåçäî âûÿâëåíî 29 èþëÿ 02 ã. (ðèñ. 1, ò. 1). Îíî ðàñïîëàãàëîñü íà ñóõîé ñîñíå áëèæå

Ðèñ. 1. Êàðòà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ áåðêóòà (Aquila chrysaetos) íà îáñëåäîâàííîì ó÷àñòêå äîëèíû ð. Áåðäü Fig. 1. The distribution of breeding territories of the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) on the surveyed plot of the Berd’ River valley

The Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) was registered on the right bank of the Ob’ river in the Novosibirsk district at first for last 50 years. In the Berd’ valley the Peregrine Falcon was registered to breed only in the Salair mountains, where river cliffs located. Three breeding areas were found. Distances between breeding areas were 2,0 and 6,5 km. A total of 4–6 breeding pairs are estimated for the Berd’ valley and 7–13 pairs – for the whole right bank of the Ob’ river in the Novosibirsk district. The Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) was found to breed in the Berd’ valley. The fragment of the river valley (total length of which was 32,63 km) was surveyed for detailed research of the breeding. Five breeding areas were found on the fragment. At whole 6 areas were found, four, from which were active. Nesting was registered on 2 areas, but only at one it was successful. Average distance between breeding areas was 4,4 km (2,4 – 6,0 km). A total of 15 – 20 are estimated for the Salair mountains in the Novosibirsk district, and 10 – 12 pair from which breed in the Berd’ valley. The Scops Owl (Otus scops) is common breeding species of the Berd’ valley. By point counts in 2002 21 adults were registered on 14 breeding areas. Average density was 3,82 individuals per km2 or 2,55 pairs per km2. A total of 372 pairs (334 – 410 pairs) are estimated for the Berd’ valley (145,96 km2) and 818 pairs (735 – 902) – for river valleys of the Salair mountains. The total number are estimated to breed no more than 2000 pairs for the right bank of the Ob’ river in the Novosibirsk district. The Pygmy Owl (Glaucidium passerinum) is common breeding species of the Berd’ valley. During night counts only 4 adults were recorded on 4 areas. Average density for Berd’ valley was 0,73 pairs per km2. On transect lines density was pairs per km2 of pine and pine-birch forests on rocks. A total of 260 breeding pairs are estimated in the Berd’ valley. Under average density of 2,15 pairs per km2 a total of 2798 breeding pairs (2250 – 2976 pairs) are estimated in forests of the Salair mountains (including the Berd’ valley). A total of 2000 pairs are projected to breed in forests of the Salair mountains, and 4000–5000 pairs breed in the right bank of the Ob’ river in the Novosibirsk district.

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2005, 3

Ìîëîäîé áåðêóò (Aquila chrysaetos), îêîëî ãíåçäà (29.07.2002). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà The Juvenile of the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), near the nest (29/07/2002). Photo by I. Karyakin

ê ñåðåäèíå ñòâîëà â íèæíåé òðåòè êðîíû íà áîêîâûõ âåòâÿõ íà âûñîòå 14 ì è èìåëî ïîäë¸ò ñî ñòîðîíû ðåêè. Èç ýòîãî ãíåçäà, ñêîðåå âñåãî â íà÷àëå èþëÿ, âûëåòåëè 2 ñë¸òêà (ñàìåö è ñàìêà). Â ìîìåíò ïîñåùåíèÿ ãíåçäîâîãî ó÷àñòêà îáà ñë¸òêà ñèäåëè â 200–300 ì îò ãíåçäà ó ñàìîãî óðåçà âîäû íà óòîïòàííîé ñðåäè êàìûøà ïëîùàäêå âîçëå îñòàòêîâ äîáû÷è. Ñàìåö ñëåòåë ñðàçó æå ïðè ïðèáëèæåíèè íàáëþäàòåëåé è ñåë íà áåð¸çó â 200-õ ì, à ñàìêó óäàëîñü ïîéìàòü. Ïåðî ðóëåé è ìàõîâûõ áûëî ïîëíîñòüþ ñôîðìèðîâàíî. 30 èþëÿ 02 ã. áûëè îáíàðóæåíû äâà äðóãèõ ãíåçäà áåðêóòîâ. Îäíî (ðèñ. 1, ò. 2) ðàñïîëàãàëîñü íà æèâîé ñîñíå â ðàçâèëêå â âåðõíåé òðåòè ñòâîëà â íèæíåé ÷àñòè êðîíû íà âûñîòå 20 ì è èìåëî ïîäë¸ò ñî ñòîðîíû âîäîðàçäåëà. Ñî ñòîðîíû ðåêè ïîñòðîéêà áûëà ÷àñòè÷íî ñêðûòà âåòâÿìè êðîíû. Íàïðîòèâ ãíåçäà, íà ïðîòèâîïîëîæíîì áåðåãó ðåêè áûëè ðàñïîëîæåíû ñåíîêîñ è ñòîÿíêà òóðèñòîâ. Îäíàêî ýòî íå ïîìåøàëî ïòèöàì. Â ãíåçäå, ñóäÿ ïî åãî ñîñòîÿíèþ è îáèëèþ ïóõà, áûëè ñë¸òêè, êîòîðûå âûëåòåëè íà 2 íåäåëè ðàíüøå, ÷åì íà ïðåäûäóùåì ãíåçäå. Äðóãîå ãíåçäî (ðèñ. 1, ò. 3) ðàñïîëàãàëîñü òàêæå íà æèâîé ñîñíå â îñíîâàíèè ìîùíûõ áîêîâûõ âåòâåé â ñåðåäèíå ñòâîëà â íèæíåé ÷àñòè êðîíû íà âûñîòå 15 ì è èìåëî ïîäë¸ò ñî ñòîðîíû ëîãà, âûõîäÿùåãî ê ðåêå. Ñìåøàííûé ëåñ íà ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ áûë ðàçðåæåí, è, âèäèìî, ïðîéäåí íèçîâûìè ïîæàðàìè. Íà ãíåçäîâîì ó÷àñòêå, îáíàðóæåííîì 29.07.02 ã., íèçîâîé ïîæàð ïðîø¸ë â ïðîøëîì ãîäó, â ðåçóëüòàòå ÷åãî ñîñíà óñîõëà, îäíàêî ïòèöû óñïåøíî ðàçìíîæàëèñü, íåñìîòðÿ íà ïðîèçîøåäøèå èçìåíåíèÿ. Â 2003 ã. íà âñåõ ó÷àñòêàõ áåðêóòîâ â äîëèíå ð. Áåðäü óñïåøíîãî ðàçìíîæåíèÿ íå çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíî, õîòÿ âçðîñëûå ïòèöû íàõîäèëèñü áëèç ãí¸çä. Âåðîÿòíî, ïðè÷èíîé ýòîãî ÿâèëñÿ ôàêòîð áåñïîêîéñòâà – â íà÷àëå àïðåëÿ áëèç ãí¸çä ïðîâîäèëèñü âûáîðî÷íûå ðóáêè. Âñå ïîñòðîéêè ðàñïîëàãàëèñü íà ñòàðûõ 25–30-òè ìåòðîâûõ ñîñíàõ, âîçâûøàþùèõñÿ íàä îêðóæàþùèìè èõ, áîëüøåé ÷àñòüþ ìåëêîëèñòâåííûìè, äåðåâüÿìè. Èíòåðåñíî òî, ÷òî â ñòàðûõ ÷èñòûõ ñîñíîâûõ ëåñàõ ñ áîëüøåé ñîìêíóòîñòüþ êðîí è ìåíü-

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ øèì ïðèñóòñòâèåì ìåëêîëèñòâåííûõ ïîðîä áåðêóòû â äîëèíå Áåðäè íà ãíåçäîâàíèè íå îáíàðóæåíû. Ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, äëÿ äàííîé ãíåçäîâîé ãðóïïèðîâêè íàëè÷èå ó÷àñòêà ñòàðîãî ñîñíîâîãî ëåñà íå ÿâëÿåòñÿ îáÿçàòåëüíûì. Îáÿçàòåëüíî ëèøü íàëè÷èå ãðóïïû ìàÿ÷íûõ ñîñåí ñðåäè ðàçðåæåííîãî ñìåøàííîãî ëåñà íà êðóòîñêëîíå äîëèíû. Ñèëüíàÿ êðóòèçíà ñêëîíà, øèðîêèé îáçîð è íàëè÷èå îòêðûòûõ ïðîñòðàíñòâ â ïðåäåëàõ òåððèòîðèè, îáîçðåâàåìîé ñ ãíåçäà, ÿâëÿþòñÿ îáÿçàòåëüíûìè êðèòåðèÿìè â âûáîðå îðëàìè ìåñòà ãíåçäîâàíèÿ. Ïîäòâåðæäåíèåì äàííûõ êðèòåðèåâ ìîæåò ñëóæèòü ãíåçäî áåðêóòà íà ð. Á. Åëáàø, îáíàðóæåííîå â 1995 ã. â õîäå îïåðàöèè «×¸ðíûé àèñò», ïðîâîäèìîé Ýêîêëóáîì ÍÃÓ. Îíî ðàñïîëàãàëîñü íà ñêëîíå áîðòà ðå÷íîé äîëèíû ñðåäè áåð¸çîâîãî ìåëêîëåñüÿ â âåðõíåé òðåòè êðîíû êðóïíîé ñîñíû â ðàçâèëêå ñòâîëà íà âûñîòå 18 ì è áûëî ñêðûòî îò íàáëþäåíèÿ ñíèçó. Ýòî ãíåçäî îêàçàëîñü çàíÿòûì â 2003 ã. (ðèñ. 1, ò. 4), ÷òî ñâèäåòåëüñòâóåò î êàê ìèíèìóì 10-òè ëåòíåì ãíåçäîâàíèè áåðêóòà íà îäíîé è òîé æå ñîñíå. Â ïèòàíèè ìåñòíûõ áåðêóòîâ, ñóäÿ ïî îñòàòêàì ïèùè (n=13), ñîáðàííûì ïîä ãíåçäîì è ïðèñàäîé, â ðàâíûõ ïðîïîðöèÿõ äîìèíèðóþò ìëåêîïèòàþùèå (76,9 %): ñåðûé ñóðîê (Marmota baibacina) è çàÿöáåëÿê (Lepus timidus) – ïî 38,5 %. Â êà÷åñòâå âòîðîñòåïåííûõ êîðìîâ ôèãóðèðóþò ïòèöû (23,1 %) – âðàíîâûå (15,4 %) è òåòåðåâèíûå (7,7 %). Íàëè÷èå ïîñåëåíèé ñóðêà ïî äîëèíå ð. Áåðäü ÿâëÿåòñÿ îïðåäåëÿþùèì ôàêòîðîì âûñîêîé ïëîòíîñòè áåðêóòà. Ñóðîê çäåñü ïðèóðî÷åí íå òîëüêî ê îñòåïí¸ííûì ñêëîíàì, íî è â äîâîëüíî áîëüøîì êîëè÷åñòâå âñòðå÷àåòñÿ â áîðàõ ïî ñêëîíàì äîëèíû è ïî ïåðèôåðèè ñåíîêîñíûõ óãîäèé íà òåððàñàõ. Ïî-âèäèìîìó, â îòðîãàõ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà íà òåððèòîðèè Îáñêîãî ïðàâîáåðåæüÿ â Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè ñîõðàíÿåòñÿ äîâîëüíî êðóïíàÿ ãíåçäîâàÿ ãðóïïèðîâêà áåðêóòîâ. Àíàëèç ëàíäøàôòîâ äàííîé òåððèòîðèè â ÃÈÑ ïîçâîëèë âûÿâèòü çäåñü áîëüøîå êîëè÷åñòâî àíàëîãîâ ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ òåððèòîðèé. Ó÷èòûâàÿ, ÷òî ãíåçäîâàíèå áåðêóòà óñòàíîâëåíî è íà âòîðîñòåïåííûõ ïðèòîêàõ ð. Áåðäü, â ÷àñòíîñòè íà ð. Á. Åëáàø, à òàêæå ïî ñêëîíàì ãîð Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà âíå äîëèí, â ÷àñòíîñòè ó ñ. Ñòàðîãóòîâî (Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè, 2000), áóäåò ïðàâîìî÷íûì ýêñòðàïîëèðîâàòü ó÷¸òíûå äàííûå íà âñþ òåððèòîðèþ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà ñ

Raptors Research

Ãíåçäî áåðêóòà íà ìàÿ÷íîé ñîñíå ñðåäè ñìåøàííîãî ëåñà. Ôîòî À. Ðûáåíêî The nest of the Golden Eagle on the emergent pine tree among a mixed forest. Photo by A. Rybenko

Raptors Conservation 2005, 3 ÿðêî âûðàæåííûì ïåðåñå÷¸ííûì ðåëüåôîì ñ íåêîòîðûìè ïîïðàâêàìè. ×àñòîòà îáíàðóæåíèÿ ãí¸çä áåðêóòà â äîëèíå ð. Áåðäü ñîñòàâèëà 2,5 ãíåçäà íà 100 êì âîäíîãî ìàðøðóòà. Ïëîòíîñòü áåðêóòà, ðàññ÷èòàííàÿ ïî ãí¸çäàì (íàéäåííîå ãíåçäî ïðèðàâíèâàëîñü ê ïàðå ïòèö), îïðåäåëåíà â 0,05 ïàð/êì2 äîëèíû ïðè ñðåäíåé äàëüíîñòè îáíàðóæåíèÿ 500 ì (îò 200 äî 800 ì). Ãðóáî ýêñòðàïîëèðóÿ ýòè äàííûå íà ïëîùàäü äîëèíû ð. Áåðäü (357,19 êì2), ïîëó÷àåì â ñðåäíåì 17,8 (12,5–22,2) ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàð. Îäíàêî öèôðà ýòà äëÿ äîëèíû ð. Áåðäü çàâûøåííàÿ, òàê êàê ïðîöåíò ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ â îáñëåäîâàííîé ÷àñòè ðå÷íîé äîëèíû â 1,9 ðàç âûøå, ÷åì íà âñåì ïðîòÿæåíèè ðåêè. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ââåäÿ ïîïðàâêó íà ãíåçäîïðèãîäíîñòü, ïîëó÷àåì 9,4 (6,6– 11,7) ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàð äëÿ äîëèíû ð. Áåðäü. Êàðòèðîâàíèå ãí¸çä ïîêàçàëî, ÷òî ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó íèìè ñîñòàâëÿåò â ñðåäíåì 4,15 êì íà ñèëüíî ïåðåñå÷¸ííûõ ó÷àñòêàõ. Òàêèì îáðàçîì íà 1 ïàðó ïðèõîäèòñÿ 17,22 êì2, ïðè÷¸ì â íàèáîëåå îïòèìàëüíûõ óñëîâèÿõ äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ âèäà. Ýêñòðàïîëèðîâàòü ýòè äàííûå íà âñþ òåððèòîðèþ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà íåëüçÿ, òàê êàê íà áîëüøåé å¸ ÷àñòè óñëîâèÿ äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ áåðêóòà ìåíåå îïòèìàëüíûå, è âîçíèêàåò ÿâíàÿ îïàñíîñòü ñèëüíî çàâûñèòü ðàñ÷¸òíóþ ÷èñëåííîñòü âèäà. Äëÿ ýòîãî áûëà ïðåäïðèíÿòà ïîïûòêà ïðîâåñòè ýêñòðàïîëÿöèþ íà ïëîùàäü, áëèçêóþ ïî ñâîèì ïîêàçàòåëÿì ê ó÷¸òíîé. Ó÷àñòîê äîëèíû ð. Áåðäü îò ñ. Êèíòåðåï äî ñ. Ñòàðîñîñåäîâî, ïðîòÿæåííîñòüþ 34,74 êì, áûë îáñëåäîâàí äîñòàòî÷íî õîðîøî íà ïðåäìåò ãíåçäîâàíèÿ áåðêóòà. Çäåñü äîëèíà ðåêè óçêàÿ, å¸ êðóòîñêëîíû è óñòüåâûå ó÷àñòêè âïàäàþùèõ ëîãîâ ïîëíîñòüþ ïðîñìàòðèâàþòñÿ ñ äîìèíèðóþùèõ âûñîò, â ñâÿçè ñ ÷åì ïðîïóñê ãí¸çä äîëæåí áûòü ìèíèìàëåí. Ò.å. ñ îïðåäåëåííîé äîëåé âåðîÿòíîñòè ìîæíî ãîâîðèòü î ïîëíîì îáñëåäîâàíèè ýòîãî ó÷àñòêà ïðèìåíèìî ê áåðêóòó. Èìåííî íà ýòîé òåððèòîðèè ìû âûñòðîèëè ìîäåëü äëÿ äàëüíåéøåé ýêñòðàïîëÿöèè ïëîòíîñòè âèäà, âçÿâ çà îñíîâó äëÿ ðàñ÷¸òà ãíåçäîâîé ïëîòíîñòè áåðêóòà â àíàëîãè÷íûõ óñëîâèÿõ ïëîùàäü ãíåçäîïðèãîäíîé òåððèòîðèè, ïðèõîäÿùåéñÿ íà ïàðó, êîòîðàÿ îõâàòûâàåò äîëèíó è ïðè-

ëåãàþùèå âîäîðàçäåëû äî èõ îñåâîé ÷àñòè. Îáùàÿ ïëîùàäü äàííîé òåððèòîðèè ñîñòàâèëà 276,93 êì2, èç íèõ íà ëåñîïîêðûòóþ ÷àñòü ïðèõîäèòñÿ 152,12 êì2 (54,93 %). 35,00 êì2 çàíèìàåò äîëèíà ðåêè (12,64 %). 3 ïàðû áåðêóòîâ, ãíåçäÿùèåñÿ â äîëèíå, çàíèìàþò ó÷àñòîê ïëîùàäüþ 51,66 êì2 (92,31 êì2 îáùåé ïëîùàäè âûäåëåííîé òåððèòîðèè). Íà 1 ïàðó ïðèõîäèòñÿ 30,77 êì2 îáùåé ïëîùàäè è 50,71 êì2 ëåñîïîêðûòîé. Ãíåçäîâàÿ òåððèòîðèÿ (17,22 êì2) ñîñòàâëÿåò 55,96 % îò îáùåé ïëîùàäè, ïðèõîäÿùåéñÿ íà ïàðó áåðêóòîâ. Òåððèòîðèÿ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà, îòâå÷àþùàÿ òðåáîâàíèÿì äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ áåðêóòà è èìåþùàÿ àíàëîãè÷íûå ó÷¸òíîé ïðîöåíòíûå õàðàêòåðèñòèêè ïî ëåñîïîêðûòîñòè, îñâîåííîñòè è ðåëüåôó, çàíèìàåò ïëîùàäü 3193,32 êì 2. Âîçìîæíàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü ãíåçäîâîé ãðóïïèðîâêè áåðêóòà íà äàííîé òåððèòîðèè ïî íàøèì ðàñ÷¸òàì ñîñòàâëÿåò 62,97 (51,11–70,35) ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàð. Íà ãíåçäîïðèãîäíóþ äëÿ áåðêóòà ÷àñòü äîëèíû ð. Áåðäü è ïðèäîëèííûõ êîìïëåêñîâ (âòîðîñòåïåííûå ïðèòîêè è ïðèëåãàþùèå âîäîðàçäåëû) ïðèõîäèòñÿ 553,86 êì2 , ãäå ÷èñëåííîñòü áåðêóòà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè îöåíèâàåòñÿ â ñðåäíåì â 10,92 (8,86–12,20) ïàð, ÷òî ñîñòàâëÿåò â ñðåäíåì 17,34 % îò îáùåé ÷èñëåííîñòè áåðêóòà, ðàññ÷èòàííîé äëÿ âûäåëåííîé ïëîùàäè Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà. Ïðè÷¸ì äëÿ ýòîé òåððèòîðèè óæå óñòàíîâëåíî ãíåçäîâàíèå 4-õ ïàð. Îöåíêè ÷èñëåííîñòè, ïîëó÷åííûå ïðè ýêñòðàïîëÿöèè ìàðøðóòíûõ ó÷¸òíûõ äàííûõ ñ ïîïðàâêîé íà ãíåçäîïðèãîäíîñòü, è ðàñ÷¸ò ïî ïëîùàäÿì äàþò áëèçêèå ïîêàçàòåëè, ïîýòîìó ìû ïðèíèìàåì èõ êàê äîñòîâåðíûå. Èñõîäÿ èç ýòîãî ÷èñëåííîñòü áåðêóòà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè â äîëèíå ð. Áåðäü îöåíèâàåòñÿ íàìè â 10 (7–12) ïàð, íà Ñàëàèðñêîì êðÿæå â öåëîì – â 63 (50–70) ïàðû. Ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî îáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü áåðêóòà â Îáñêîì ïðàâîáåðåæüå â ïðåäåëàõ Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè ñîñòàâëÿåò êàê ìèíèìóì 70 ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàð. Îð¸ë-êàðëèê (Hieraaetus pennatus) îòìå÷åí âïåðâûå äëÿ Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè. 28 èþëÿ 02 ã. â ïîéìå ð. Áåðäü íèæå ñ. Êèíòåðåï íàìè áûëà âñòðå÷åíà âçðîñëàÿ ïòèöà, ïàðèâøàÿ íàä ðåêîé è ïðèëåãàþùèì ó÷àñòêîì ïîéìû íà âûñîòå îêîëî 80 ì. ×åðåç íåêîòîðîå âðåìÿ â 1,36 êì íèæå ïî òå÷åíèþ áûëî îáíàðóæåíî æèëîå ãíåçäî îðëà-êàðëèêà (ðèñ. 2, ò. 1). Îíî ðàñïîëàãàëîñü â ðàçâèëêå òîïîëÿ â ñåðåäèíå ñòâî-

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2005, 3

Ðèñ. 2. Êàðòà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ îðëà-êàðëèêà (Hieraaetus pennatus) íà îáñëåäîâàííîì ó÷àñòêå äîëèíû ð. Áåðäü Fig. 2. The distribution of breeding territories of the Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus) on the surveyed plot of the Berd’ River valley

Âçðîñëûå ïòåíöû îðëàêàðëèêà (Hieraaetus pennatus) â ãíåçäå. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà The fledglings of the Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus) on the nest. Photo by I. Karyakin

ëà íà âûñîòå 11–12 ì. Òîïîëü ñ ãíåçäîâîé ïîñòðîéêîé ðàñïîëàãàëñÿ â ãðóïïå òîïîëåé, âûòÿíóâøèõñÿ óçêîé 20-òè ìåòðîâîé ïîëîñîé â 50 ì îò ðóñëà ðåêè íà ñóõîì, íåñêîëüêî âîçâûøåííîì ó÷àñòêå. 01 àâãóñòà 02 ã. îð¸ë-êàðëèê (ðèñ. 2, ò. 2) íàáëþäàëñÿ â ïîéìå ð. Áåðäü âûøå ñ. Ñ. Èñêèòèì. Â ìîìåíò ðåãèñòðàöèè (îêîëî 21.00 ÷àñà) ïòèöà ñèäåëà íà òîïîëå, íà ìîùíûõ âåòâÿõ íèæíåé ÷àñòè êðîíû, â 10 ì îò ðóñëà ðåêè. Ïîïûòêè íàéòè ãíåçäî â äàííîì ñëó÷àå íå ïðåäïðèíèìàëèñü èç-çà ëèìèòà âðåìåíè. Ïîëó÷åííûå äàííûå ïîçâîëÿþò âíåñòè îðëà-êàðëèêà â ñïèñîê ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïòèö Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè. Âèäèìî, áàññåéí

ð. Áåðäü ÿâëÿåòñÿ íàèáîëåå ñåâåðíûì ïðåäåëîì ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ âèäà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè â Îáñêîì ïðàâîáåðåæüå. Ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì äàííîé ýêñïåäèöèè òðóäíî îöåíèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü âèäà, îñîáåííî äëÿ ñåâåðíîé ïåðèôåðèè àðåàëà, ãäå åãî ðàñïðåäåëåíèå âðÿä ëè ðàâíîìåðíî. Îäíàêî, ïîëàãàÿ ÷òî ðàçìíîæåíèå âèäà âåñüìà âåðîÿòíî ïî âñåé äîëèíå ð. Îáè, ó÷èòûâàÿ âñòðå÷è â ãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå, ìîæíî ïðåäïîëàãàòü ãíåçäîâàíèå íå ìåíå 10 ïàð îðëîâ-êàðëèêîâ â Îáñêîì ïðàâîáåðåæüå Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè. Îñîåä îáûêíîâåííûé (Pernis apivorus) ïî íàøåìó ìíåíèþ âêëþ÷åí â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè îøèáî÷íî. Â äîëèíå ð. Áåðäü ýòî äîñòàòî÷íî îáû÷íûé âèä, êîòîðûé ðåãèñòðèðîâàëñÿ íà ïðîòÿæåíèè ïðàêòè÷åñêè âñåãî ìàðøðóòà (òàáë. 1).

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ Íà ð. Áåðäü â õîäå âîäíîãî ìàðøðóòà îñîåä íàáëþäàëñÿ ñ ÷àñòîòîé 8,36 îñîáåé (6,69 ðåãèñòðàöèé) íà 100 êì. Îáû÷íî íàáëþäàëèñü îäèíî÷íûå âçðîñëûå ïòèöû, ïîäìàíåííûå íà èìèòàöèþ âèäîñïåöèôè÷åñêîãî ãîëîñîâîãî ñèãíàëà, â ïîèñêîâîì ïîë¸òå íàä ïîéìîé èëè ñèäÿùèå íà ïðèñàäàõ íà êðàéíèõ äåðåâüÿõ ïî ïåðèôåðèè ïîëÿí âäîëü ðóñëà. Ðåæå âñòðå÷àëèñü ïàðû, îêðèêèâàþùèå èëè ãîíÿþùèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ äðóãîãî âèäà, êàê ïðàâèëî, êîðøóíîâ (Milvus migrans). Ïëîòíîñòü îñîåäà, ðàññ÷èòàííàÿ ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì âñòðå÷, îïðåäåëåíà â 26,76 îñîáåé/100 êì2 äîëèíû èëè 21,41 ïàð/100 êì2 äîëèíû, ïðè ñðåäíåé äàëüíîñòè îáíàðóæåíèÿ 312,5 ì (îò 100 äî 600 ì). Ïðÿìàÿ ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ ó÷¸òíûõ äàííûõ íà ïëîùàäü ðå÷íîé äîëèíû (357,19 êì2) ïîçâîëÿåò îöåíèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü îñîåäà â 76,46 (70,61–81,06) ïàð. Íàì ïðåäñòàâëÿåòñÿ ýòà öèôðà íåñêîëüêî çàâûøåííîé, ÷òî ñâÿçàíî ñ äâóìÿ ôàêòîðàìè: ñõîæåñòüþ ýòîãî âèäà ñ êàíþêîì (ïî ýòîé ïðè÷èíå âñå äàëüíèå ðåãèñòðàöèè, êîòîðûå áûëî òðóäíî èäåíòèôèöèðîâàòü, âûïóñêàëèñü èç âèäà) è ïðèóðî÷åííîñòüþ ê ðóñëó âñòðå÷ îõîòèâøèõñÿ îñîåäîâ, ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ íà òåððàñå. Êàê ñëåäñòâèå – íåáîëüøàÿ øèðèíà ó÷¸òíîé ïîëîñû ýòîãî âèäà, çàâûøàþùàÿ ðåàëüíûå ïîêàçàòåëè ïëîòíîñòè. Ìàêñèìàëüíàÿ ïëîòíîñòü îñîåäà îòìå÷åíà â òåððàñíûõ áîðàõ ð. Áåðäü, â ñâÿçè ñ ÷åì î÷àãè íàèáîëüøåé ÷èñëåííîñòè âèäà ëåæàò â ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè äîëèíû, ò.å. çà ïðåäåëàìè îòðîãîâ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà: íà ó÷àñòêå ñ. Ìàñëÿíèíî – ñ. Êèíòåðåï è ñ. Ñòàðîñîñåäîâî – ã. Èñêèòèì. Òàì æå, ãäå ìåñòíîñòü ñèëüíî ïåðåñå÷¸ííàÿ, ïëîòíîñòü îñîåäà ïàäàåò. Ïîíÿòü, ñ ÷åì ýòî ñâÿçàíî, íå óäàëîñü; ýòî óäèâèòåëüíî, îñîáåííî â ñâÿçè ñ òåì, ÷òî íàèáîëüøåå ÷èñëî ðåãèñòðàöèé è ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ äàæå â ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè äîëèíû ïðèóðî÷åíî ê ýëåìåíòàì âåðòèêàëüíîãî ðàñ÷ëåíåíèÿ ðåëüåôà (ñêëîíû äîëèíû, ëîãà). Ïîìèìî áîðîâ, îñîåä íàáëþäàëñÿ â ñìåøàííîì ñîñíîâî-áåð¸çîâîì çàáîëî÷åííîì ëåñó ïîéìû è ÷èñòîì áåðåçíÿêå ïî ïîëîãîìó ñêëîíó äîëèíû (ïî 9,1 % ðåãèñòðàöèé ïðè n=11). Â îäíîì èç òåððàñíûõ áîðîâ ïðàâîáåðåæüÿ ð. Áåðäü íèæå ñ. Ïàéâèíî 27 èþëÿ 02 ã. çàëîæåíà ïëîùàäêà ïëîùàäüþ 2,3 êì 2 . Ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü ìàðøðóòà ñîñòàâèëà 5 êì, èç êîòîðûõ 2 êì ïî ñîñíîâîìó ëåñó âäîëü ñêëîíà ðó÷üÿ, 2 êì ïî ïëîñêîìó âîäîðàçäåëó, ãäå ñîñíîâûé ëåñ ïåðåìåæàåòñÿ ñî âòîðè÷íûìè îñèííèêàìè è âûðóáêàìè 1– 3-õ ëåòíåé äàâíîñòè, 1 êì ïî êîðåííîìó áåðåãîâîìó ñêëîíó ð. Áåðäü, ïîêðûòîìó

Raptors Research

Raptors Conservation 2005, 3

Òàáë. 1. Ðåãèñòðàöèè îñîåäîâ (Pernis apivorus) â äîëèíå ð. Áåðäü íà âîäíîì ìàðøðóòå Table 1. Records of the Honey Buzzard (Pernis apivorus) in the Berd’ river valley

Îñîåä îáûêíîâåííûé (Pernis apivorus). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà The Honey Buzzard (Pernis apivorus). Photo by I. Karyakin

Äàòà Dates 26/07/02 27/07/02 28/07/02 29/07/02 30/07/02 31/07/02 01/08/02 02/08/02 8 ñóòîê 8 days

Êîëè÷åñòâî Äëèíà ìàðøðóòà (êì) âçðîñëûõ îñîáåé Length of routes (km) Adults 4,23 1 16,97 1 13,55 1 6,48 1 19,54 0 26,78 1 26,16 1 5,88 4 119,59

ñîñíîâûì ëåñîì è ðàññå÷¸ííîìó ãëóáîêèìè ëîãàìè. Íà äàííîé òåððèòîðèè ëîêàëèçîâàíî 3 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà îñîåäîâ, íà îäíîì ãíåçäîâîì ó÷àñòêå îáíàðóæåíî æèëîå ãíåçäî. Ãíåçäî ðàñïîëàãàëîñü íà ñîñíå â 40 ì îò ëåñíîé äîðîãè íà îêðàèíå âûáîðî÷íîé ðóáêè ñðåäè ïëîñêîãî âîäîðàçäåëà, ïîêðûòîãî ñîñíîâûì ëåñîì. Ïîñòðîéêà ðàñïîëàãàëàñü íà 2-õ áîêîâûõ âåòâÿõ ó ñòâîëà íà âûñîòå 11 ì 22-õ ìåòðîâîé ñîñíû. Ñàìêà îñîåäà ïðè ïðèáëèæåíèè ê ãíåçäó ñëåòåëà è óêðûëàñü â êðîíå ñîñíû â 50òè ì îò ãíåçäà, îòêóäà ïîçæå áûëà âñïóãíóòà è ñòàëà àêòèâíî îòâå÷àòü íà èìèòàöèè å¸ ãîëîñîâûõ ñèãíàëîâ. Ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó òðåìÿ òî÷êàìè ðåãèñòðàöèè îñîåäîâ, êîòîðûå ìû óñëîâíî ïðèíèìàåì çà ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè, âíóòðè îáñëåäîâàííîãî êîíòóðà ñîñòàâëÿåò 1,1, 1,0 è 0,9 êì ñîîòâåòñòâåííî. Òàêèì îáðàçîì ïàðà îñîåäîâ çàíèìàåò 3,0 êì2, à ïëîòíîñòü îñîåäà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè â òåððàñíûõ áîðàõ îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ êàê 0,33 ïàð/êì2 ãíåçäîïðèãîäíîé ïëîùàäè (0,31 ïàð/êì2 ëåñîïîêðûòîé ïëîùàäè). Äëÿ ïëîùàäè òåððàñíûõ è ïðèïîéìåííûõ áîðîâ äîëèíû ð. Áåðäü (177,21 êì2) ÷èñëåííîñòü îñîåäà, èñõîäÿ èç ïîëó÷åííûõ öèôð, ìîæíî îöåíèòü â 58,48 (52,22– 62,12) ïàð. Íà îñòàëüíîé ÷àñòè äîëèíû, ïëîùàäüþ 179,98 êì2, çàíÿòíóþ â áîëüøåé ñòåïåíè ðàçëè÷íîãî ðîäà îòêðûòûìè ëàíäøàôòàìè, íå ïðèãîäíûìè äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ îñîåäà, âðÿä ëè ãíåçäèòñÿ áîëåå 10–15 ïàð. Òàêèì îáðàçîì äëÿ äîëèíû ð. Áåðäü ìû îöåíèâàåì ÷èñëåííîñòü îñîåäà â 70 (64–74) ïàð. Ïîëó÷åííûå öèôðû õîðîøî ñîãëàñóþòñÿ ñ áîëåå ðàííèìè äàííûìè ïî ïëîòíîñòè îñîåäîâ, ñîáðàííûìè â õîäå êîìïëåêñíîé ýêñïåäèöèè Ñèáýêîöåíòðà â 1999 ã. Ïî ó÷¸òíûì äàííûì 1999 ã. ïëîòíîñòü îñî-

Êîëè÷åñòâî Äèñòàíöèÿ (ì) âñòðå÷ Distance (m) Registrations 1 200 1 100 1 300 1 500 0 1 600 1 250 2 250, 300 8

312,5

åäà â õâîéíûõ è ñìåøàííûõ ëåñàõ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà ñîñòàâèëà 0,16 ïàð/100 êì2 ãíåçäîïðèãîäíîé ïëîùàäè, â Ñóçóíñêîì áîðó – 0,37 ïàð/êì2 ãíåçäîïðèãîäíîé ïëîùàäè, à îáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü îñîåäà äëÿ ëåñîâ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà (1301,45 êì2) îöåíåíà â 78 (70–85) ïàð, äëÿ Ñóçóíñêîãî áîðà (1352,46 êì2) – â 297 (270–300) ïàð (Êàðÿêèí è äð., 2000). Ïî äàííûì ó÷¸òîâ îñîåäà â 1999–2002 ãã. ìîæíî ãðóáî ðàññ÷èòàòü ÷èñëåííîñòü âèäà â Îáñêîì ïðàâîáåðåæüå Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè. Îáùàÿ ïëîùàäü äàííîé òåððèòîðèè ñîñòàâëÿåò 53000 êì2, óñëîâíî ãíåçäîïðèãîäíàÿ ïëîùàäü îïðåäåëåíà íàìè â 18000 êì2. Ïðè ñðåäíåé ïëîòíîñòè îñîåäà â 0,148 (0,132–0,154) ïàð/êì2 åãî ÷èñëåííîñòü äëÿ Îáñêîãî ïðàâîáåðåæüÿ Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè ìîæåò áûòü îöåíåíà â 2659 (2373–2765) ïàð. Ñàïñàí (Falco peregrinus) îòìå÷åí íà ãíåçäîâàíèè â Îáñêîì ïðàâîáåðåæüå Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè âïåðâûå çà ïîñëåäíèå 50 ëåò (ðèñ. 3). Êàê íåìíîãî÷èñëåííûé âèä îòìå÷àëñÿ ãëàâíûì îáðàçîì íà ïðîë¸òå âåñíîé è îñåíüþ: îêîëî îç. Êàðà÷èíñêîå (Ðóçñêèé,1946), ó ã. Íîâîñèáèðñêà â íà÷àëå àïðåëÿ è ñåíòÿáðå (Öûáóëèí, 1983), íà Íîâîñèáèðñêîì âîäîõðàíèëèùå â íà÷àëå îêòÿáðÿ (Ãûíãàçîâ, Ìèëîâèäîâ, 1977), â ýòè æå ìåñÿöû â Êóéáûøåâñêîì ðàéîíå íà Ïðè÷àíîâñêîì ó÷àñòêå, îç. Ì. ×àíû (Þðëîâ, 1981) è Êàðàñóêñêîì ðàéîíå (Ñåâåðíàÿ Êóëóíäà) (Äàíèëîâ, 1976; Þðëîâ, 1951). Çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíà îäíà âñòðå÷à â äåêàáðå â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ Àêàäåìãîðîäêà (Áîáêîâ è äð., 1997). Î ãíåçäîâàíèè ñàïñàíà ñâåäåíèé ïðàêòè÷åñêè íåò. Â ïåðâîé ïîëîâèíå 20-ãî âåêà îòìå÷àëîñü åãî øèðîêîå ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå íà ãíåçäîâüå â Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè (Èîãàíçåí, 1908), â ÷àñòíîñòè, â Ñåâåðíîé Êóëóíäå (Êàðàñóêñêèé ðàéîí) (Äàíèëîâ ïî

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2005, 3

Ðèñ. 3. Êàðòà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ñàïñàíà (Falco peregrinus) íà îáñëåäîâàííîì ó÷àñòêå äîëèíû ð. Áåðäü Fig. 3. The distribution of breeding territories of the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) on the surveyed plot of the Berd’ river valley

Ïóõîâûå ïòåíöû ñàïñàíà (Falco peregrinus) â ãíåçäå (17.06.2003). Ôîòî À. Ðûáåíêî The chicks of the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) on the nest (17/06/2003). Photo by A. Rybenko

Çàëåññêîìó, 1931), áûë íåðåäîê íà ãíåçäîâàíèè â îòðîãàõ Ñàëàèðà (Äåìåíòüåâ, 1951). Âî âòîðîé ïîëîâèíå âåêà îòìå÷àåòñÿ ñïîðàäè÷íîå ãíåçäîâàíèå íà ñåâåðå Êóéáûøåâñêîãî ðàéîíà â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ð. Êàì (Äàíèëîâ, 1976). Â äîëèíå ð. Áåðäü ãíåçäîâàíèå ñàïñàíà óñòàíîâëåíî ëèøü â îòðîãàõ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà, ãäå èìåþòñÿ ïðèðå÷íûå ñêàëüíûå îáíàæåíèÿ. Çäåñü âûÿâëåíî 3 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà. 28 èþëÿ 02 ã. (ðèñ. 3, ò. 1) íà îòâåñå êðóïíîãî ñêàëüíîãî îáíàæåíèÿ ëåâîãî áåðåãà îáíàðóæåíû ïîåäè ñàïñàíà. Âåðòèêàëüíàÿ ÷àñòü ñêàëû íå áûëà îáñëåäîâàíà, îäíàêî íà íåé âèäíåëèñü òðè íèøè ñî ñëåäàìè ïîìåòà, ÷òî ìîãëî óêàçûâàòü íà âîçìîæíîñòü ãíåçäîâàíèÿ â íèõ ñîêîëà. 29 èþëÿ â 1,8 êì âíèç ïî ðåêå íà ñêàëüíîì îáíàæåíèè ïðàâîãî áåðåãà îáíàðóæåíû ñâåæèå ïîåäè ñàïñàíà è ïåðüÿ ìîëîäîé ïòèöû. Â 2-õ êì íèæå ïî òå÷åíèþ 29 èþëÿ 02 ã. âñòðå÷åíà âçðîñëàÿ ïòèöà íà ïðèñàäå, ðàñïîëîæåííîé íà ñîñíå â âåðõíåé òðåòè

ñêàëüíîãî îáíàæåíèÿ ïðàâîãî áîðòà äîëèíû ð. Áåðäü. Íà ñêàëå èìåëèñü íèøè ñ ïîòåêàìè ïîìåòà, îäíàêî ïðèçíàêîâ èõ çàñåëåíèÿ â ýòîì ãîäó íå áûëî îáíàðóæåíî. Â 0,7 êì íèæå ïî òå÷åíèþ íà ñêàëüíîì îáíàæåíèè ïðàâîãî áîðòà äîëèíû ð. Áåðäü âñòðå÷åíà åù¸ îäíà âçðîñëàÿ ïòèöà. 30.07.02 ã. ýòà ñêàëà áûëà îáñëåäîâàíà. Íà íåé îáíàðóæåíû ìíîãî÷èñëåííûå ñâåæèå ïîåäè ñàïñàíîâ è ìàõîâûå ïåðüÿ ìîëîäîé ïòèöû. Ãíåçäî (ðèñ. 3, ò. 2) ðàñïîëàãàëîñü â íèøå â âåðõíåé òðåòè ñêàëû íà âûñîòå 20 – 25 ì îò å¸ ïîäíîæèÿ â 45 – 50 ì íàä ðåêîé. Íà êóðóìå ïîä ñêàëîé îáíàðóæåíû îñòàòêè 2-õ ïòåíöîâ ñàïñàíà, ñúåäåí-

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ íûõ ôèëèíîì. Ê ìîìåíòó ãèáåëè ïòåíöîâ èõ ïåðâîñòåïåííûå ìàõîâûå ðàñêðûëèñü íàïîëîâèíó. Òàê êàê ìû íå íàáëþäàëè ñë¸òêîâ áëèç ãíåçäà, òî áûëî ðåøåíî îïðåäåëèòü ýòîò ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê â ðàçðÿä áåçóñïåøíûõ. 17 èþíÿ 03 ã. â ýòîì ãíåçäå áûëè îáíàðóæåíû 4 îïåðÿþùèõñÿ ïòåíöà. 30 èþëÿ 02 ã. â 6,5 êì îò ïðåäûäóùåé ãíåçäîâîé ñêàëû ñàïñàíîâ îáíàðóæåí âûâîäîê èç 3-õ õîðîøî ëåòàþùèõ ìîëîäûõ (ðèñ. 3, ò. 3), êîòîðûå äåðæàëèñü íà òîïîëÿõ ïîä ñêàëîé. Ãíåçäî, ñóäÿ ïî ïîäò¸êàì ïîìåòà, ðàñïîëàãàëîñü â íèøå êðóïíîãî ñêàëüíîãî îáíàæåíèÿ ïðàâîãî áåðåãà ð. Áåðäü, íà âûñîòå îêîëî 20 ì. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, â îáñëåäîâàííîé ÷àñòè äîëèíû ð. Áåðäü âûÿâëåíî 3 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà ñàïñàíîâ, íà 2-õ èç êîòîðûõ ïòèöû ðàçìíîæàëèñü â ýòîì ãîäó è ëèøü íà îäíîì ó÷àñòêå ðàçìíîæåíèå îêàçàëîñü óñïåøíûì – âûëåòåëè 3 ñë¸òêà. Çàíÿòîñòü ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ñîñòàâèëà 66,7 %. Óñïåõ ðàçìíîæåíèÿ ñîñòàâèë 1,5 ñë¸òêà íà çàãíåçäèâøóþñÿ ïàðó (33,3 %) ïðè âîçìîæíûõ 4-õ. Îñíîâíûìè ôàêòîðàìè, íåãàòèâíî âëèÿþùèìè íà ðàñïðåäåëåíèå è ÷èñëåííîñòü ñàïñàíà íà ð. Áåðäü, ÿâëÿþòñÿ ôàêòîð áåñïîêîéñòâà è íàëè÷èå ôèëèíà. Ñòîÿíêè òóðèñòîâ ïîä ñêàëàìè è ÷àñòîå ïîñåùåíèå ñêàë ëþäüìè, îòäûõàþùèìè íà ðåêå, ïðèâîäÿò ê îòñóòñòâèþ íà íèõ ñàïñàíà. Â ðåçóëüòàòå ñîêîë âûíóæäåí ãíåçäèòñÿ íà ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèÿõ, íåäîñòóïíûõ äëÿ ïîñåùåíèÿ òóðèñòàìè, èëè æå íà íåáîëüøèõ ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèÿõ, êîòîðûå íå ïðèâëåêàþò ê ñåáå òóðèñòîâ. Âî âñåõ òð¸õ ñëó÷àÿõ äàííûå ñêàëüíûå îáíàæåíèÿ çàñåëÿþòñÿ ôèëèíàìè, êîòîðûå ïðè íåáîëüøîé ïëîùàäè ñêàë íåïîñðåäñòâåííî âûòåñíÿþò ñàïñàíà, óíè÷òîæàÿ âçðîñëûõ ïòèö è èõ âûâîäêè, à íà ïðîòÿæ¸ííûõ ñêàëàõ íàíîñÿò ïåðèîäè÷åñêèé óùåðá ãíåçäÿùèìñÿ ïàðàì, ïîåäàÿ ÷àñòè÷íî èëè ïîëíîñòüþ ìîëîäûõ ïòèö â âûâîäêàõ. Íà ð. Áåðäü â õîäå ýêñïåäèöèè ñàïñàí ðåãèñòðèðîâàëñÿ ñ ÷àñòîòîé 3,34 îñîáè (2,51 ðåãèñòðàöèé) íà 100 êì âîäíîãî ìàðøðóòà. Ïëîòíîñòü ñàïñàíà, ðàññ÷èòàííàÿ ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì âñòðå÷, îïðåäåëåíà â 0,025 îñîáü/êì2 äîëèíû ïðè ñðåäíåé äàëüíîñòè îáíàðóæåíèÿ 1000 ì. Ïðÿìàÿ ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ ýòèõ äàííûõ íà ïðîòÿæåííîñòü ðåêè Áåðäü (238,13 êì) è ïëîùàäü å¸ äîëèíû (357,19 êì2) äà¸ò îöåíêó ÷èñëåííîñòè ñàïñàíà â ñðåäíåì â 5,95 è 8,93 ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàð ñîîòâåòñòâåííî. Äëÿ âñåõ ðåê Îáñêîãî ïðàâîáåðåæüÿ Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè, íà êîòîðûõ èìåþòñÿ ñêàëüíûå áèîòîïû (îáùàÿ ïðîòÿæåííîñòü – 482,12 êì;

Raptors Research

Ðèñ. 4. Êàðòà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ôèëèíà (Bubo bubo) íà îáñëåäîâàííîì ó÷àñòêå äîëèíû ð. Áåðäü Fig. 4. The distribution of breeding territories of the Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) on the surveyed plot of the Berd’ river valley

Raptors Conservation 2005, 3 ïëîùàäü ðå÷íûõ äîëèí – 626,76 êì2, ïðè ñðåäíåé øèðèíå äîëèí 1,3 êì), äàííûì ñïîñîáîì ÷èñëåííîñòü ñàïñàíà ìîæåò áûòü îöåíåíà â ñðåäíåì â 12,05 è 15,67 ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàð. Íàì ïðåäñòàâëÿåòñÿ ýòà îöåíêà çàâûøåííîé. Ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó ãíåçäîâûìè ó÷àñòêàìè íà ð. Áåðäü ñîñòàâëÿåò 2,0 è 6,5 êì. Òî åñòü íà îäíó ïàðó ñàïñàíîâ ïðèõîäèòñÿ â ñðåäíåì 4,25 êì ðåêè èëè 4,67 êì2 äîëèíû (ïðè øèðèíå äîëèíû 1,1 êì). Îäíàêî ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ó÷àñòêîâ ïî äîëèíå âûãëÿäèò íåðàâíîìåðíûì. Îíè ñîñðåäîòî÷åíû íà ïðîìåæóòêå, ãäå ñêàëû áîëåå âûñîêèå è ïðîòÿæ¸ííûå. 3 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà ðàñïîëàãàþòñÿ íà 45,4 êì ðåêè, ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ äëÿ ñàïñàíà. Çäåñü èìååòñÿ 14 ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèé, óäàë¸ííûõ äðóã îò äðóãà íà 1,5 – 6 êì. Òî åñòü ¸ìêîñòü ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ òàêîâà, ÷òî ïîçâîëÿåò âìåñòèòü 7 ïàð, à ðåàëüíî æå íà äàííîì ó÷àñòêå äîëèíû ðàçìåùàåòñÿ 3 ïàðû ñàïñàíîâ (42,86 % îò îïòèìóìà). Òî åñòü íà îäíó ïàðó ïðèõîäèòñÿ 15,1 êì ãíåçäîïðèãîäíîé ÷àñòè ðåêè èëè 16,61 êì2 äîëèíû. Ýòè öèôðû óæå ìîæíî ýêñòðàïîëèðîâàòü íà àíàëîãè÷íûå áèîòîïû äðóãèõ ðåê Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà. Èñõîäÿ èç ýòèõ äàííûõ, óñëîâíî ãíåçäîïðèãîäíàÿ äëÿ ñàïñàíà ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü ðåê â Îáñêîì ïðàâîáåðåæüå Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè ñîñòàâëÿåò 106,13 êì (ïëîùàäü äîëèí 193,743 êì2), èç êîòîðûõ 69,70 êì (76,67 êì2) ïðèõîäèòñÿ íà ð. Áåðäü. Ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, îáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü ñàïñàíà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè íà ðåêàõ Îáñêîãî ïðàâîáåðåæüÿ Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè äàííûì ìåòîäîì ìîæåò áûòü îöåíåíà â 7 ïàð, 4 ïàðû èç êîòîðûõ ãíåçäÿòñÿ íà ð. Áåðäü è 3 íà å¸ âòîðîñòåïåííûõ ïðèòîêàõ, ñòåêàþùèõ ñ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà. Îäíàêî ýòè öèôðû ìîãóò áûòü çàíèæåíû, òàê êàê íà ð. Áåðäü è å¸ âòîðîñòåïåííûõ ïðèòîêàõ ôàêòîðû, ëèìèòèðóþùèå ðàâíîìåðíîå ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ñàïñàíà, ìîãóò ðàçëè÷àòüñÿ, ïðè÷¸ì, êàê ïîêàçûâàåò îïûò, íà âòîðîñòåïåííûõ ïðèòîêàõ èõ íåãàòèâíîå âëèÿíèå íèæå â íåñêîëüêî ðàç. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, îöåíêà ÷èñëåííîñòè ñàïñàíà áîëåå áëèçêàÿ ê ðåàëüíîé ëåæèò ïîñåðåäèíå ìåæäó öèôðàìè, ïîëó÷åííûìè ïðÿìîé ýêñòðàïîëÿöèåé áåðäñêèõ ó÷¸òíûõ äàííûõ íà ïðîòÿæåííîñòü ðåê, è ýêñòðàïîëÿöèè äàííûõ ñ ìîäåëüíîé ïëîùàäè íà ð. Áåðäü íà àíàëîãè÷íûå ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûå áèîòîïû íà äðóãèõ ðåêàõ. Ïîýòîìó

ìû ñ÷èòàåì, ÷òî â äîëèíå ð. Áåðäü ãíåçäèòñÿ 4 – 6 ïàð ñàïñàíîâ, à â öåëîì íà ðåêàõ Îáñêîãî ïðàâîáåðåæüÿ Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè 7 – 13 ïàð. Ôèëèí (Bubo bubo) íàéäåí íà ãíåçäîâàíèè â äîëèíå ð. Áåðäü íà ó÷àñòêå íèæå ñ. Íèêîíîâî, òî åñòü òàì, ãäå ðåêà ïåðåñåêàåò îòðîãè Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà. Âñå òî÷êè ðåãèñòðàöèè âèäà áûëè ïðèóðî÷åíû ê ïðèðå÷íûì ñêàëüíûì îáíàæåíèÿì. Ïîãîäíûå óñëîâèÿ è ëèìèò âðåìåíè íå äàëè âîçìîæíîñòè äåòàëüíî îáñëåäîâàòü âñå ñêàëû, ïðèãîäíûå äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ôèëèíà, îäíàêî, íåñìîòðÿ íà ýòî, ëîêàëèçîâàíî 6 ìåñò åãî îáèòàíèÿ (ðèñ. 4). 27 èþëÿ 02 ã. âûøå ñ. Êèíòåðåï îáíàðóæåíî æèëîå ãíåçäî ýòîãî ãîäà (ðèñ. 4, ò. 1), ïîêèíóòîå ñë¸òêàìè. Ðàñïîëàãàëîñü îíî â íèøå ñêàëû, îòâåñíî îáðûâàþùåéñÿ â ðåêó, íà âûñîòå 40 ì, â ñåðåäèíå îáíàæåíèÿ. Íàä ãíåçäîì íà óñòóïàõ â ïîäíîæèè ñêàë âåðõíåãî ÿðóñà è ïîä äåðåâüÿìè íà âåðøèíå ñêàëû áûë îáíàðóæåí ìåçîïòèëü èíòåíñèâíî ëèíÿâøèõ ñë¸òêîâ, ïîêèíóâøèõ ãíåçäî êàê ìèíèìóì çà 3 íåäåëè äî íàøåãî ïîÿâëåíèÿ. Ñë¸òêè è âçðîñëûå ïòèöû ïåðåìåñòèëèñü ïî ñêàëüíîé ãðÿäå îò ãíåçäîâîé ñêàëû, òàê êàê ïîä ñêàëîé áûë ðàçáèò òóðèñòè÷åñêèé ëàãåðü. 28 èþëÿ 02 ã. â 6 êì íèæå ïî ðåêå íà ñêàëüíîì îáíàæåíèè îáíàðóæåíû ïîåäè ôèëèíà è îñòàíêè åãî æåðòâ (ðèñ. 4, ò. 2), îäíàêî ãíåçäà íå íàéäåíî. Òåì íå ìåíåå, ýòîò è äðóãèå ó÷àñòêè, ãäå ðåãèñòðèðîâàëèñü ñëåäû ïîñòîÿííîãî ïðåáûâàíèÿ ôèëèíà, ìû îòíîñèì ê ãíåçäîâûì ïðè ðàñ÷¸òå ãíåçäîâîé ÷èñëåííîñòè âèäà, òàê êàê îñîáûõ óñèëèé ïî âûÿâëåíèþ ãí¸çä ìû íå ïðèêëàäûâàëè, îñîçíàâàÿ, ÷òî îíè óæå äàâíî ïîêèíóòû ñë¸òêàìè, à ïðåäûäóùèé íàø îïûò ðàáîòû ïîêàçûâàåò, ÷òî áîëüøèíñòâî ó÷àñòêîâ, íà êîòîðûõ ìîæíî ÷¸òêî èäåíòèôèöèðîâàòü ïðèñóòñòâèå ôèëèíà ïî ïîåäÿì, ïîãàäêàì è ïåðüÿì, ÿâëÿþòñÿ ãíåçäîâûìè. 29 èþëÿ 02 ã. â 4,33 êì îò äàííîé òî÷êè íèæå ïî ðåêå íà ñêàëüíîì îáíàæåíèè áîðòà äîëèíû, óäàëåííîì íà 100 – 150 ì îò ðåêè, â íèøå ñêàëû íà âûñîòå 15 ì â 25 ì îò âåðõà (45–50 ì íàä ðåêîé) íàéäåíî ñòàðîå ãíåçäî ôèëèíà (ðèñ. 4, ò. 3), çàíèìàâøååñÿ â òå÷åíèå ðÿäà ëåò. Ñâåæåãî ãíåçäà îáíàðóæåíî íå áûëî, õîòÿ íà ñêàëå íàáëþäàëèñü ïîåäè ôèëèíà. Â 2,4 êì íèæå ïî ðåêå íà àíàëîãè÷íîì ñêàëüíîì îáíàæåíèè îáíàðóæåíû ïîåäè ôèëèíà (ðèñ. 4, ò. 4). Çäåñü æå ýòèì õèùíèêîì áûëè ñúåäåíû îïåðÿþùèåñÿ ïòåíöû ñàïñàíà. Ñàïñàí çàíèìàë äëÿ ãíåçäîâà-

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2005, 3 íèÿ þæíóþ ÷àñòü ñêàëû, à ôèëèí ïðèäåðæèâàëñÿ ñåâåðíîé (0,2–0,4 êì). Â 2003 ã. ýòà ïàðà ôèëèíîâ ïåðåìåñòèëàñü ââåðõ ïî òå÷åíèþ ðåêè, çàíÿâ ñêàëû ëåâîãî áåðåãà, ÷òî äàëî âîçìîæíîñòü ñàïñàíàì óñïåøíî âûâåñòè ïòåíöîâ. 30 èþëÿ 02 ã. â 4,66 êì îò ïðåäûäóùåãî ó÷àñòêà íà ñêàëüíîì îáíàæåíèè îáíàðóæåíû ñëåäû ïðåáûâàíèÿ ôèëèíà (ðèñ. 4, ò. 5). Ïðàêòè÷åñêè çäåñü æå (÷óòü íèæå ïî ðåêå) ïòèöû íàáëþäàëèñü â 2003 ã. Â 4,62 êì ïî òå÷åíèþ ðåêè íèæå ñ. Ñòàðîñîñåäîâî îñìîòðåíà åù¸ îäíà ñêàëà, íà êîòîðîé âñòðå÷åíû îñòàòêè äîáû÷è ôèëèíà (ðèñ. 4, ò. 6). Èç-çà ïðîëèâíîãî äîæäÿ îáñëåäîâàòü äàííóþ ñêàëó íå óäàëîñü, õîòÿ æèëîå ãíåçäî ýòîãî ãîäà çäåñü áûëî ñ âû-

Ãíåçäîâàÿ ñêàëà ôèëèíà (Bubo bubo) íà ð. Áåðäü. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà The nesting cliff of the Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) on the Berd’ River. Photo by I. Karyakin

ñîêîé äîëåé âåðîÿòíîñòè, íà ÷òî óêàçûâàëè ñâåæèå ïòåíöîâûå ïîãàäêè è ïîåäè. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, íà ïðåäìåò ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ôèëèíà áûë äîñòàòî÷íî õîðîøî îáñëåäîâàí ó÷àñòîê ðåêè ïðîòÿæåííîñòüþ 32,63 êì, íà êîòîðîì îñìàòðèâàëèñü âñå ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûå äëÿ ôèëèíà ñêàëû. Íà í¸ì ëîêàëèçîâàíî 5 ó÷àñòêîâ, çàíèìàåìûõ ôèëèíàìè. Â öåëîì æå çà ýêñïåäèöèþ ëîêàëèçîâàíî 6 ó÷àñòêîâ: 4 ó÷àñòêà, íà êîòîðûõ ðàçìíîæåíèå ôèëèíà âîçìîæíî, è 2 – íà êîòîðûõ îíî óñòàíîâëåíî, ïðè÷¸ì íà îäíîì èç íèõ îíî áûëî óñïåøíûì â ýòîì ãîäó. Ñðåäíåå ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó ó÷àñòêàìè ôèëèíîâ ñîñòàâëÿåò 4,4 êì (2,4 – 6,0 êì), òî åñòü íà 1 ó÷àñòîê â îïòèìàëüíûõ óñëîâèÿõ ïðèõîäèòñÿ 4,4 êì ðåêè èëè 4,84 êì2 ãíåçäîïðèãîäíîé ïëîùàäè äîëèíû. ¨ìêîñòü ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ íàèáîëåå ïëîòíî îáñëåäîâàííîãî ó÷àñòêà ðåêè â ïðåäåëàõ îòðîãîâ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà (32,63 êì) òàêîâà, ÷òî ïîçâîëÿåò âìåñòèòü 7 ïàð ôèëèíîâ, ðåàëüíî æå èõ ÷èñëåííîñòü çäåñü ìåíüøå. Åñëè íå áðàòü â ó÷¸ò òó ÷àñòü äîëèíû, ãäå ìèìî íåñêîëüêèõ ñêàë ïðîïëûëè ïîä äîæä¸ì, äàæå áåãëî íå îñìîòðåâ

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ èõ, òî ïîëó÷èòñÿ, ÷òî íà ó÷àñòîê ôèëèíîâ ïðèõîäèòñÿ 6,5 êì ðåêè èëè 7,15 êì2 äîëèíû. Ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü ðåê â Îáñêîì ïðàâîáåðåæüå Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè, èìåþùèõ ñêàëüíûå îáíàæåíèÿ, ñîñòàâëÿåò 106,13 êì (ïëîùàäü äîëèí 193,743 êì2), èç êîòîðûõ 69,70 êì (76,67 êì2) ïðèõîäèòñÿ íà ð. Áåðäü. Ýêñòðàïîëèðóÿ ó÷¸òíûå äàííûå íà âûøåîïðåäåë¸ííûå ïëîùàäè, ïîëó÷àåì ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè íà ðåêàõ Îáñêîãî ïðàâîáåðåæüÿ Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè 16,3 (14,2–17,6) ïàð, â ñðåäíåì 10,7 ïàð èç êîòîðûõ ãíåçäÿòñÿ íà ð. Áåðäü è 5,6 ïàð ñîîòâåòñòâåííî íà å¸ âòîðîñòåïåííûõ ïðèòîêàõ, ñòåêàþùèõ ñ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà. Îäíàêî â äàííîì ñëó÷àå ðå÷ü èäåò ëèøü î ïàðàõ, íàñåëÿþùèõ ñêàëüíûå îáíàæåíèÿ. Ýêñïåäèöèåé Ñèáýêîöåíòðà â 1999 ã. óñòàíîâëåíî, ÷òî ôèëèí â Îáñêîì ïðàâîáåðåæüå Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè ãíåçäèòñÿ è âíå ñêàë. Â ÷àñòíîñòè, â Ñóçóíñêîì ðàéîíå ãíåçäî ôèëèíà áûëî îáíàðóæåíî íà çåìëå â ñîñíîâîì áîðó íà êðàþ áîëîòà, à åù¸ îäíî ãíåçäî â ýòîì æå ðàéîíå – íà ñêëîíå çàäåðí¸ííîãî îáðûâà ñòàðèöû Îáè (Êàðÿêèí è äð., 2000). Ýòè äàííûå ïîçâîëÿþò ïðåäïîëîæèòü âîçìîæíîñòü ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ôèëèíà â äîëèíå Áåðäè è â òåððàñíûõ áîðàõ, ïî àíàëîãèè ñ ïàðàìè, ãíåçäÿùèìèñÿ â Ñóçóíñêîì ðàéîíå. Ê òîìó æå, 19 èþíÿ 03 ã. ïåðüÿ ôèëèíà áûëè îáíàðóæåíû â áîðó íà âåðøèíå ðå÷íîãî îáðûâà ð. Áåðäü, ÷òî ïðåäïîëàãàåò åãî ãíåçäîâàíèå íà çåìëå ïî àíàëîãèè ñ ãíåçäîâûìè ãðóïïèðîâêàìè ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè îáëàñòè è â äîëèíå ð. Áåðäü. Òåì íå ìåíåå, ýòîò âîïðîñ òðåáóåò äàëüíåéøèõ èññëåäîâàíèé. Èìåþùèéñÿ ìàòåðèàë íå ïîçâîëÿåò áîëåå èëè ìåíåå òî÷íî ðàññ÷èòàòü ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíà äëÿ âñåãî ïðàâîáåðåæüÿ Îáè â ïðåäåëàõ Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè. Â ïðåäåëàõ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà, ñ ó÷¸òîì âûøåñêàçàííîãî, ìû îöåíèâàåì ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíà â 15 – 20 ïàð, 10 – 12 ïàð èç êîòîðûõ íàñåëÿþò äîëèíó ð. Áåðäü. Ñïëþøêà (Otus scops) – îáû÷íûé ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ âèä äîëèíû Áåðäè. Íà ãíåçäîâàíèè òåñíî ñâÿçàíà ñ ïîéìåííûìè è ïðèïîéìåííûìè ëåñîíàñàæäåíèÿìè. Ìàêñèìàëüíîå êîëè÷åñòâî ó÷èòûâàåìûõ ñ îäíîé òî÷êè ïòèö çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíî íà òåððèòîðèè îòðîãîâ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà â íî÷ü 28/29 èþëÿ 2002 ã. Çäåñü ðåêà çàæàòà êðóòûìè ñêëîíàìè äîëèíû ñî ñêàëüíûìè îáíàæåíèÿìè, íî, â òî æå âðåìÿ, èìååò õîðîøî âûðàæåííóþ ïîéìó ñ ëåñîì èç òîïîëÿ, îëüõè, ÷åðåìóõè, áåð¸çû,

Raptors Research

Ñë¸òîê ôèëèíà. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà The fledgling of the Eagle Owl. Photo by I. Karyakin

Ñïëþøêà (Otus scops) íà ãíåçäå â äóïëå ñîñíû. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà The Scops Owl (Otus scops) nesting in the hollow at the pine tree. Photo by I. Karyakin

Raptors Conservation 2005, 3 ñ ìîçàèêîé âëàæíûõ ëóãîâ. Â òåððàñíûõ áîðàõ âèä ðåäîê èëè îòñóòñòâóåò, çàìåùàÿñü çäåñü äðóãîé ìåëêîé ñîâîé – âîðîáüèíûì ñû÷èêîì. Ó÷¸ò ñïëþøêè â¸ëñÿ òîëüêî íà òî÷êàõ íî÷íûõ ñòîÿíîê (òàáë. 2). Â áîëüøèíñòâå ñëó÷àåâ ñîâêè îòâå÷àëè êðèêàìè áåñïîêîéñòâà íà èìèòàöèþ êðèêîâ ôèëèíà, ïðè÷¸ì êðè÷àëè êàê ñàìêè, òàê è ñàìöû. Â öåëîì íà òî÷êàõ ó÷¸òà áûëà çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíà 21 âçðîñëàÿ ïòèöà íà 14 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ. Ïðè ñðåäíåì ðàäèóñå ó÷¸òà 0,5 êì ó÷¸òíàÿ ïëîùàäü ñîñòàâèëà 5,5 êì2 . Èñõîäÿ èç ýòèõ äàííûõ, ïëîòíîñòü ñïëþøêè äëÿ äîëèíû ð. Áåðäü îïðåäåëåíà â ñðåäíåì â 3,82 îñîáü/êì2 èëè 2,55 ïàð/êì2. Ìàêñèìàëüíûå ïîêàçàòåëè ëîêàëüíîé ïëîòíîñòè (ó÷¸òíàÿ òî÷êà â íî÷ü 28/29 èþëÿ) ñîñòàâèëè 55,73 ïàð/êì2 äîëèíû, ìèíèìàëüíûå (ó÷¸òíàÿ òî÷êà â íî÷ü 30/31 èþëÿ) – 3,54 ïàð/êì2 äîëèíû. Â ñâÿçè ñ òåì, ÷òî âèä ðåãèñòðèðîâàëñÿ ëèøü â ñðåäíåì ó÷àñòêå ðåêè, ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòüþ 66,35 êì, ìû ñî÷ëè âîçìîæíûì ýêñòðàïîëèðîâàòü ó÷¸òíûå äàííûå íà ïëîùàäü äîëèíû ëèøü äëÿ ýòîãî ó÷àñòêà. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ÷èñëåííîñòü ñïëþøêè äëÿ ïðîéäåííîãî ó÷àñòêà äîëèíû (72,98 êì2) îöåíåíà íàìè â 186 (167–205) ïàð, â öåëîì äëÿ àíàëîãè÷íîãî òèïà ó÷àñòêîâ äîëèíû ð. Áåðäü (145,96 êì2) – 372 (334–410) ïàðû, äëÿ ðå÷íûõ äîëèí Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà (321,11 êì2) – 818 (735–902) ïàð. Â öåëîì â Îáñêîì ïðàâîáåðåæüå Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè äàæå ïî ñàìûì ñêðîìíûì îöåíêàì ãíåçäèòñÿ íå ìåíåå 2000 ïàð ñïëþøåê, îäíàêî ïî ÷àñòè òåððèòîðèé íå-

äîñòàòî÷íî ìàòåðèàëà, ÷òîáû áîëåå òî÷íî ðàññ÷èòàòü äëÿ ñòîëü êðóïíîé ïëîùàäè ÷èñëåííîñòü ýòîé ñîâû. Ñû÷èê âîðîáüèíûé (Glaucidium passerinum) – îáû÷íûé ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ âèä äîëèíû ð. Áåðäü. Â îòëè÷èå îò ñïëþøêè ðàñïðîñòðàí¸í áîëåå ðàâíîìåðíî è íå îáðàçóåò êðóïíûõ ëîêàëüíûõ ïîñåëåíèé ñî ñòîëü âûñîêîé ïëîòíîñòüþ ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïòèö, êàê ïðåäûäóùèé âèä. Â ñâîåì ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèè ñû÷èê ïðèóðî÷åí ê ñîñíîâûì è ñîñíîâî-ìåëêîëèñòâåííûì ëåñàì, êàê íà ïëîñêèõ òåððàñàõ, òàê è íà êðóòîñêëîíàõ äîëèíû â ïðåäåëàõ îòðîãîâ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà. Ïðè÷¸ì â îòðîãàõ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà â íàñêàëüíûõ ñîñíÿêàõ äîñòèãàåò ìàêñèìàëüíîé ÷èñëåííîñòè. Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, ñïåöèàëüíûõ ó÷¸òîâ ýòîãî âèäà ìû íå ïðîâîäèëè. Â íî÷íûõ ó÷¸òàõ íà òî÷êàõ ñòîÿíîê ñû÷èê ðåãèñòðèðîâàëñÿ â êîëè÷åñòâå 1 îñîáè íà êàæäîé òî÷êå ñ 28.07.02 ã. ïî 01.08.02 ã., òî åñòü â íî÷íûå ó÷¸òû ïîïàëî ëèøü 4 ïòèöû íà 4õ òåððèòîðèÿõ. Ïðè ñðåäíåì ðàäèóñå ó÷¸òà 0,5 êì ó÷¸òíàÿ ïëîùàäü ñîñòàâèëà 5,5 êì2. Èñõîäÿ èç ýòèõ äàííûõ, ïëîòíîñòü ñû÷èêà äëÿ äîëèíû ð. Áåðäü îïðåäåëåíà â ñðåäíåì â 0,73 ïàð/êì2. Â äíåâíîå âðåìÿ òàêæå óäàâàëîñü âûçâàòü ãîëîñîâóþ àêòèâíîñòü òåððèòîðèàëüíûõ ñû÷èêîâ ïóò¸ì èìèòàöèè èõ âèäîñïåöèôè÷åñêèõ ñèãíàëîâ áåñïîêîéñòâà èëè êðèêîâ ôèëèíà. Â ïðåäåëàõ îòðîãîâ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà ñû÷èêè ðåãèñòðèðîâàëèñü ïðè êàæäîì ïåøåì îáñëåäîâàíèè ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèé. Ïî äàííûì ïåøèõ ìàðøðóòîâ åãî ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâèëà 2,10 ïàð/êì2 íàñêàëüíûõ ñîñíîâûõ è ñîñíîâî-ìåëêîëèñòâåííûõ ëåñîâ. Åñëè ó÷åñòü, ÷òî äàííûå áèîòîïû çàíèìàëè 33,3 % ó÷¸òíîé ïëîùàäè íà òî÷êàõ ñòîÿíîê, ïîëó÷àåòñÿ ïëîòíîñòü â 2,2 ïàð/êì2 ñîñíîâûõ è ñîñíîâî-ìåëêîëèñòâåííûõ ëåñîâ äîëèíû ïî ó÷¸òó íà òî÷êàõ ñòîÿíîê. Èñõîäÿ èç ó÷¸òíûõ äàííûõ, ìû îöåíèâàåì ÷èñëåííîñòü âîðîáüèíîãî ñû÷èêà â äîëèíå ð. Áåðäü â 260 ïàð. Â îòëè÷èå îò ñïëþøêè, ñû÷èê íå ïðèâÿçàí ê äîëèíàì ðåê è ñ îäèíàêîâîé ïëîòíîñòüþ íàñåëÿåò êàê äîëèííûå, òàê è âîäîðàçäåëüíûå ëåñà. Õîòÿ â ðÿäå ñëó÷àåâ íàëè÷èå íåáîëüøîãî âîäîòîêà ÿâëÿåòñÿ îáÿçàòåëüíûì íà ãíåçäîâîì ó÷àñòêå. Ïðè ýêñòðàïîëÿöèè ìû ñî÷ëè âîçìîæíûì èñïîëüçîâàòü äàííûå ïî ïëîòíîñòè âèäà äëÿ ëåñîïîêðûòîé òåððèòîðèè è ðàññ÷èòàòü åãî ÷èñëåííîñòü äëÿ ïëîùàäè ëåñîâ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà (1301,45 êì2). Ïðè ñðåä-

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2005, 3

Òàáë. 2. Ðåãèñòðàöèè ñïëþøêè (Otus scops) â äîëèíå ð. Áåðäü íà òî÷êàõ ñòîÿíîê Table 2. Records of the Scops Owl (Otus scops) in the Berd’ river valley (around camps only)

Äàòà Dates 26/27.07.02 27/28.07.02 28/29.07.02 29/30.07.02 30/31.07.02 31.07/01.08.02 01/02.08.02 7 òî÷åê ó÷¸òà 7 points counts

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Ýôôåêòèâíûé ðàäèóñ ó÷¸òà (êì) Radius of count (km) 0,5 0,7 0,2 0,3 0,6 0,6 0,6

Êîëè÷åñòâî âçðîñëûõ îñîáåé Êîëè÷åñòâî Adults òåððèòîðèé ïòèö Ñàìöû Ñàìêè Male Female Breeding areas 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 6 7 0 3 3 4 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0

0,5

íåé ïëîòíîñòè â 2,15 ïàð/êì2 ÷èñëåííîñòü âîðîáüèíîãî ñû÷èêà â ëåñàõ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà, âêëþ÷àÿ äîëèíó ð. Áåðäü, îöåíåíà â 2798 (2250–2976) ïàð. Ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì ýêñïåäèöèè 1999 ã. ÷èñëåííîñòü ñû÷èêà, ðàññ÷èòàííàÿ äëÿ àíàëîãè÷íîé ïëîùàäè ëåñîâ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà, ñîñòàâèëà 2863 (2230–3100) ïàðû (Êàðÿêèí è äð., 2000). Äàííûå ðàñ÷¸òîâ 1999 ã. è 2002 ã. ïîëó÷àþòñÿ äîñòàòî÷íî áëèçêèå, îäíàêî, ïî íàøåìó ìíåíèþ, îíè çàâûøåíû çà ñ÷¸ò òîãî, ÷òî â ðàñ÷¸ò ïîïàëè ìåëêîëèñòâåííûå ëåñà, ìåíåå ïðèâëåêàòåëüíûå äëÿ âèäà. Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, áîëåå òî÷íî ðàññ÷èòàòü ÷èñëåííîñòü âèäà äëÿ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ íå ïðåäñòàâëÿåòñÿ âîçìîæíûì, òàê êàê íåò äàííûõ ïî ñîîòíîøåíèþ ïîðîäíîãî ñîñòàâà íà ëåñîïîêðûòûõ òåððèòîðèÿõ. Ïî ñóáúåêòèâíîé îöåíêå ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî ÷èñëåííîñòü âîðîáüèíîãî ñû÷èêà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè â ëåñàõ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà ñîñòàâëÿåò îêîëî 2000 ïàð, à â öåëîì ïî Îáñêîìó ïðàâîáåðåæüþ Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè ïðèáëèæàåòñÿ ê 4000 – 5000 ïàð.

Ëèòåðàòóðà Áîáêîâ Þ.Â., Æóêîâ Â.Ñ., Êàí Â., Íèêîëàåâ Â.Â. Ìàòåðèàëû ïî íåêîòîðûì çèìóþùèì ïòèöàì Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè. – Ìàòåðèàëû ê ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèþ ïòèö íà Óðàëå, â Ïðèóðàëüå è Çàïàäíîé Ñèáèðè. Åêàòåðèíáóðã. 1997. Ñ. 9. Âåíãåðîâ Ì.Ï. Âèäîâîé è ÷èñëåííûé ñîñòàâ ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ è ïðîë¸òíûõ êóëèêîâ â Áàðàáèíñêîé ëåñîñòåïè. – Íîâîå â èçó÷åíèè áèîëîãèè è ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèè êóëèêîâ. (Ìàòåðèàëû Âòîðîãî ñîâåùàíèÿ ïî «Ôàóíå è ýêîëîãèè êóëèêîâ»). – Ì.: Íàóêà, 1980. Ñ. 87. Ãûíãàçîâ À.Ì., Ìèëîâèäîâ Ñ.Ï. Îðíèòîôàóíà Çàïàäíî-Ñèáèðñêîé ðàâíèíû. – Òîìñê: Èçäâî Òîìñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà, 1977. 61 ñ. Äàíèëîâ Î.Í. Õèùíûå ïòèöû è ñîâû Áàðàáû è Ñåâåðíîé Êóëóíäû. Íîâîñèáèðñê: Íàóêà. 1976. 34 ñ.

Âðåìÿ ó÷¸òà Time of count 23.00 – 01.00 23.00 – 01.00 22.00 – 00.00 23.30 – 00.30 22.30 – 00.30 22.00 – 00.30 22.30 – 01.00

Äåìåíòüåâ Ã.Ï. Ïòèöû Ñîâåòñêîãî Ñîþçà. Ì.: Ñîâ. Íàóêà. ò. 1. 1951. Æóêîâ Â.Ñ., Íèêîëàåâ Â.Â. Ðåäêèå ïòèöû Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè. – Ìàòåðèàëû ê ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèþ ïòèö íà Óðàëå, â Ïðèóðàëüå è Çàïàäíîé Ñèáèðè. Åêàòåðèíáóðã. 1997. Ñ. 69. Èîãàíçåí Ã.Ý. Ìàòåðèàëû äëÿ îðíèòîôàóíû ñòåïåé Òîìñêîãî êðàÿ. – Èçâåñòèÿ Èìïåðàòîðñêîãî Òîìñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà, êí. 30. Òîìñê. 1908. 174 ñ. Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Äóáûíèí À.Â. Ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå è ÷èñëåííîñòü ÷¸ðíîãî àèñòà (Ciconia nigra) â Îáñêîì ïðàâîáåðåæüå Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè. – Ñîâðåìåííûå ïðîáëåìû îðíèòîëîãèè Ñèáèðè è Öåíòðàëüíîé Àçèè: Ìàòåðèàëû I Ìåæäóíàðîäíîé îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêîé êîíôåðåíöèè. – Óëàí-Óäý: Èçä-âî Áóðÿòñêîãî ãîñóíèâåðñèòåòà. 2000. Ñ. 63–65. Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Âàñåíüêîâ, Ä.À., Äóáûíèí À.Â. Ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå è ÷èñëåííîñòü íåêîòîðûõ âèäîâ ïòèö, ïðåäëàãàåìûõ â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè, â Îáñêîì ïðàâîáåðåæüå Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè. – Ñîâðåìåííûå ïðîáëåìû îðíèòîëîãèè Ñèáèðè è Öåíòðàëüíîé Àçèè: Ìàòåðèàëû I Ìåæäóíàðîäíîé îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêîé êîíôåðåíöèè. – Óëàí-Óäý: Èçä-âî Áóðÿòñêîãî ãîñóíèâåðñèòåòà. 2000. Ñ. 226–229. Êîçëîâà Å.Â. Ðæàíêîîáðàçíûå – Ôàóíà ÑÑÑÐ. Ïòèöû. Ò. II. Âûï. 1. ×. 2. 1961. 291 ñ. Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè: ìëåêîïèòàþùèå, ïòèöû, çåìíîâîäíûå, ðûáû, ÷åðâè, íàñåêîìûå. – Îòâ. ðåä. Ì.Ã. Ñåðãååâ. – Íîâîñèáèðñê: Ãîñêîìýêîëîãèÿ ÍÑÎ, 2000. 97 ñ. Öûáóëèí Ñ.Ì. Õèùíûå ïòèöû ëåñîïàðêà Íîâîñèáèðñêîãî íàó÷íîãî öåíòðà. – Îõðàíà õèùíûõ ïòèö (Ìàòåðèàëû I ñîâåùàíèÿ ïî ýêîëîãèè è îõðàíå õèùíûõ ïòèö, Ìîñêâà, 16–18 ôåâð. 1983 ã.). – Ì: Íàóêà, 1983. 84 ñ. Þðëîâ Ê.Ò. Ìàòåðèàëû ïî ïòèöàì ëåñíûõ íàñàæäåíèé Ñåâåðíîé Êóëóíäû. – Èçâåñòèÿ Çàïàäíî-Ñèáèðñêîãî ôèëèàëà ÀÍ ÑÑÑÐ, ñåð. áèîë., ò. 4, âûï. 1 – Çîîëîãè÷. Íîâîñèáèðñê, 1951. Ñ. 29. Þðëîâ Ê.Ò. Âèäîâîé ñîñòàâ è ïðèóðî÷åííîñòü ê áèîòîïàì ïòèö â îçåðíîé ëåñîñòåïè Áàðàáèíñêîé íèçìåííîñòè (Çàïàäíàÿ Ñèáèðü). – Ýêîëîãèÿ è áèîöåíîòè÷åñêèå ñâÿçè ïåðåëåòíûõ ïòèö Çàïàäíîé Ñèáèðè – Îòâ. ðåä. Ê.Ò. Þðëîâ. – Íîâîñèáèðñê: Íàóêà, 1981. Ñ. 5–28.

Short reports

Raptors Conservation 2005, 3

Short reports КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ Nesting of the White-Tailed Eagle on powerlines in the Astrahan district, Russia ГНЕЗДОВАНИЕ ОРЛАНА-БЕЛОХВОСТА НА ОПОРЕ ВЫСОКОВОЛЬТНОЙ ЛЭП В АСТРАХАНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ, РОССИЯ M.V. Pestov (Amphibian and Reptiles Protection Society within the Ecocenter Dront, N.Novgorod, Russia) М.В. Пестов (Общество охраны амфибий и рептилий при Э оцентре «Дронт», Н.Нов ород, Россия) (11) Êîíòàêò: Ìàðê Ïåñòîâ Îáùåñòâî îõðàíû àìôèáèé è ðåïòèëèé ïðè Ýêîöåíòðå «Äðîíò» 603000 Ðîññèÿ Í.Íîâãîðîä, à/ÿ 631 òåë.: (8312) 30 25 07 vipera@dront.ru (11) Contact: Mark Pestov Amphibian and Reptiles Protection Society under Ecocenter Dront P.O. Box 631 Nizhniy Novgorod 603000 Russia tel.: (8312) 30 25 07 vipera@dront.ru

Ãíåçäà îðëàíà-áåëîõâîñòà (Haliaetus albicilla) íà èâå è íà îïîðå ËÝÏ. Ôîòî Ì. Ïåñòîâà Nests of the White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaetus albicilla) on the osier tree and on an electric pole. Photo by M. Pestov

Îðëàí-áåëîõâîñò (Haliaetus albicilla) – âèä, çàíåñ¸ííûé â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó ÐÔ â êàòåãîðèè 3 (ðåäêèé âèä), Êðàñíûé ñïèñîê ÌÑÎÏ – 96, Ïðèëîæåíèå 1 ÑÈÒÅÑ, Ïðèëîæåíèå 2 Áîííñêîé Êîíâåíöèè, Ïðèëîæåíèå 2 Áåðíñêîé Êîíâåíöèè (Ãàíóñåâè÷ Ñ.À., 2001). Íèæíåå Ïîâîëæüå – îäèí èç íåìíîãèõ ðåãèîíîâ Ðîññèè, ãäå ÷èñëåííîñòü ýòîãî âèäà ñòàáèëüíà è îòíîñèòåëüíî âûñîêà. Â Âîëãî-Àõòóáèíñêîé ïîéìå îòìå÷àåòñÿ äî 180 ïàð (Ðóñàíîâ, Êðèâîíîñîâ, Âèíîãðàäîâ, 1983); â äåëüòå Âîëãè – äî 160 ïàð (Ðóñàíîâ, 1978); â Çàïàäíîì ÈëüìåííîÁóãðîâîì ðàéîíå – äî 20 ïàð (óñòíîå ñîîáùåíèå Ñóëåéìàíîâà Ð.Ð.). Ãí¸çäà îðëàíû ïðåäïî÷èòàþò ñòðîèòü â ðàçâèëêàõ ñòàðûõ âûñîêèõ äåðåâüåâ, â Íèæíåì Ïîâîëæüå – ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî íà èâàõ (âåòëàõ), ðàñòóùèõ âäîëü âîäî¸ìîâ. Î÷åâèäíî, ÷òî â ðÿäå ñëó÷àåâ äåôèöèò ñòàðûõ äåðåâüåâ, ïðèãîäíûõ äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ, ÿâëÿåòñÿ îäíèì èç ñóùåñòâåííûõ ëèìèòèðóþùèõ ôàêòîðîâ äëÿ äàííîãî âèäà. 19 ìàÿ 2001 ã. â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ïîñåëêà Äîñàíã Êðàñíîÿðñêîãî ðàéîíà â ëåâîáåðåæíîé ÷àñòè Àñòðàõàíñêîé îáëàñòè íàìè áûëî

The White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaetus albicilla) is in the Red Data books of Russia (category 3). The Nizhnee Povolzhye (region of the Volga River’s lower part) is the one of the regions of Russia, where number of this species is stable and high. More than 180 pair breed in Volga-Achtubinsk flood plain (Rusanov, Krivonosov, Vinogradov, 1983); about 160 pairs are in the delta of the Volga (Rusanov, 1978); and about 20 pairs are in the Western Ilmenno-Bugrovoy region (pers com. Suleymanov R.R.). The White-Tailed Eagles use to nest old high trees, especially osiers grow along waters in the Nizhnee Povolzhye. Deficit of old trees available for nesting is one of the main limiting factors for the species type in the Nizhnee Povolzhye. We found a nest of the White-Tailed Eagle on the 19 of May 2001 in vicinities of village Dosang of Astrakhan district (on the Volga left riverside). The nest was located on an electric pole of a high-voltage electric line. The nesting pole was far from a flood plain on 2–3 km. The nest was located into the horizontal part of a pole on the height near 25 metres from the ground. Two large chicks were in the nest. This was the first known us event of nesting the White-Tailed Eagle on an electric pole for nine years of work in the Nizhnee Povolzhye. Usually only the Long-Legged Buzzard (Buteo rufinus) and the Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis) such nest. On the 28 of May 2005 we surveyed this region and checked the nest. Either as in 2001, 2 juvenile of the White-Tailed Eagle were found. Contact (11).

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2005, 3 îáíàðóæåíî ãíåçäî îðëàíà-áåëîõâîñòà, ðàñïîëîæåííîå íà Ï-îáðàçíîé îïîðå âûñîêîâîëüòíîé ËÝÏ. Ýòà ËÝÏ ïðîõîäèò ïàðàëëåëüíî Âîëãî-Àõòóáèíñêîé ïîéìå. Îïîðà ñ ãíåçäîì óäàëåíà îò ïîéìû íà 2–3 êì.

Ïòåíöû îðëàíà-áåëîõâîñòà (Haliaetus albicilla) â ãíåçäå íà îïîðå ËÝÏ. Ôîòî Ì. Ïåñòîâà The chicks of the WhiteTailed Eagle (Haliaetus albicilla) in the nest on an electric pole. Photo by M. Pestov

Ãíåçäî äèàìåòðîì îêîëî 1,5 ì è âûñîòîé îêîëî 0,5 ì ðàñïîëàãàëîñü âíóòðè ãîðèçîíòàëüíîé ñîñòàâëÿþùåé îïîðû íà âûñîòå îêîëî 25 ìåòðîâ îò çåìëè. Â ãíåçäå íàõîäèëèñü äâà êðóïíûõ ðàçíîâîçðàñòíûõ ïòåíöà. Òàì æå áûëè îáíàðóæåíû îñòàòêè çàäíåé êîíå÷íîñòè çàéöà è áîëüøîå êîëè÷åñòâî ÷åøóè êðóïíûõ ðûá. Âçðîñëûå ïòèöû âî âðåìÿ îñìîòðà ãíåçäà ëåòàëè íà ðàññòîÿíèè íåñêîëüêèõ ñîòåí ìåòðîâ è ê ãíåçäó íå ïðèáëèæàëèñü. Çà äåâÿòü ëåò ðàáîòû â Íèæíåì Ïîâîëæüå ýòî áûë ïåðâûé èçâåñòíûé íàì ñëó÷àé ãíåçäîâàíèÿ îðëàíà-áåëîõâîñòà íà îïîðå ËÝÏ. Îáû÷íî æå ýòó ýêîëîãè÷åñêóþ íèøó çàíèìàåò êóðãàííèê (Buteo rufinus), äëÿ

Êðàòêèå ñîîáùåíèÿ êîòîðîãî òàêîé âàðèàíò ãíåçäîâàíèÿ âïîëíå îáû÷åí è, íåñêîëüêî ðåæå, – ñòåïíîé îð¸ë (Aquila nipalensis). 28 ìàÿ 2005 ã. íàì âíîâü óäàëîñü ïîñåòèòü ýòîò ðàéîí è ïðîâåðèòü äàííîå ãíåçäî. Êàê è â 2001 ã., â í¸ì áûëè îáíàðóæåíû 2 ìîëîäûõ, ïîëíîñòüþ îïåð¸ííûõ îðëàíà. Â ãíåçäå òàêæå áûëè îáíàðóæåíû ñâåæèé òîëñòîëîáèê âåñîì îêîëî 1 êã, ÷åøóÿ êðóïíûõ ðûá è êîñòè çàéöà. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ãíåçäîâàíèå êðóïíûõ õèùíûõ ïòèö, â òîì ÷èñëå è ðåäêèõ, íà îïîðàõ ËÝÏ – ýòî åù¸ îäèí àñïåêò ïðîáëåìû «Ïòèöû è ËÝÏ», îñîáåííî àêòóàëüíîé äëÿ çîíû ñòåïåé è ïîëóïóñòûíü þãà Ðîññèè. Ñ÷èòàåì íåîáõîäèìûì ó÷¸ò äàííîãî ôàêòîðà ïðè ïðîåêòèðîâàíèè è ñòðîèòåëüñòâå ËÝÏ. Â îïòèìàëüíîì âàðèàíòå ïðè ñòðîèòåëüñòâå íîâûõ è ðåêîíñòðóêöèè ñóùåñòâóþùèõ ËÝÏ äîëæíû áûòü ïðåäóñìîòðåíû íå òîëüêî çàùèòíûå óñòðîéñòâà, ïðåäîòâðàùàþùèå ãèáåëü ïòèö îò ýëåêòðè÷åñêîãî òîêà, íî è îáóñòðîéñòâî ñïåöèàëüíûõ ìåñò äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ íà îòäåëüíî ñòîÿùèõ (ñïåöèàëüíî óñòàíîâëåííûõ è íå íàõîäÿùèõñÿ ïîä íàïðÿæåíèåì) æåëåçîáåòîííûõ îïîðàõ. Êîíòàêò (11). Ëèòåðàòóðà: Ãàíóñåâè÷ Ñ.À. Îðëàí-áåëîõâîñò // Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè. – Ìîñêâà, 2001. Ñ. 443–445. Ðóñàíîâ Ã.Ì. Îðëàí-áåëîõâîñò // Áåðåãèòå ðåäêèõ ïòèö! – Àñòðàõàíü: Âîëãà, 1978. 7 ñ. Ðóñàíîâ Ã.Ì., Êðèâîíîñîâ Ã.À., Âèíîãðàäîâ Â.Â. Îðëàí-áåëîõâîñò è ñêîïà â äåëüòå Âîëãè // Îõðàíà õèùíûõ ïòèö. Ìàò-ëû 1-îãî Ñîâåù. ïî ýêîëîãèè è îõðàíå õèùíûõ ïòèö. – Ì.: Íàóêà, 1983. Ñ. 155 – 158.

New data of nesting the Peregrine Falcon in Tatarstan Republic, Russia НОВЫЕ ДАННЫЕ О ГНЕЗДОВАНИИ САПСАНА В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ ТАТАРСТАН, РОССИЯ R.A. Hanov (The N. Novgorod branch of RBCU, N.Novgorod, Russia) A.V. Volkova (The deputy director of the Nizhnekamsk Biological and Environmental Center, Nizhnekamsk, Tatarstan Republik, Russia) Р.А. Ханов (Ниже ородс ое отделение СОПР, Н.Нов ород, Россия) А.В. Вол ова (заместитель дире тора Нижне амс о о э оло о-биоло ичес о о центра, Нижне амс , Татарстан, Россия) Ñîêîë-ñàïñàí (Falño peregrinus) âíåñ¸í â Êðàñíûå êíèãè Ðîññèè (êàòåãîðèÿ 2) è Ðåñïóáëèêè Òàòàðñòàí (êàòåãîðèÿ 1). Ïðåäïîëàãàåòñÿ, ÷òî â Òàòàðèè ãíåçäèòñÿ íå áîëåå 10 ïàð ñàïñàíîâ, è çà ïîñëåäíèå 10 ëåò äîñòîâåðíî óñòàíîâëåíî ãíåçäîâàíèå ëèøü 3õ ïàð (Ïàâëîâ, 1995; Êàðÿêèí, 2005).

The Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) is in the Red Data books of Russia (category 2) and the Republic of Tartarstan (category 1). Not more than 10 pairs of the Peregrine Falcon are expected to breed in Tatarstan, and for last 10 years only 3 pairs were found to breed (Pavlov, 1995; Karyakin, 2005)

Short reports (12) Êîíòàêò: Õàíîâ Ðîìàí Àëåêñàíäðîâè÷ ×ëåí Íèæåãîðîäñêîãî îòäåëåíèÿ ÑÎÏÐ 603141 Ðîññèÿ Í. Íîâãîðîä óë. Ãàãèíñêàÿ, 9–2 òåë.: (8312) 65 48 73 sopr@dront.ru (12) Contact: Roman A. Hanov The member of the N. Novgorod branch of RBCU The Gagin str., 9–2 Nizhniy Novgorod 603141 Russia tel.: (8312) 65 48 73 sopr@dront.ru

Raptors Conservation 2005, 3 Â ïåðâîé äåêàäå èþëÿ íåäàëåêî îò ã. Íèæíåêàìñêà â õîäå ðàáîòû äåòñêîãî ýêîëîãè÷åñêîãî ëàãåðÿ âî âðåìÿ îäíîé èç ýêñêóðñèé áûë âñòðå÷åí ñàïñàí. Ïîçäíåå, ïðè äîïîëíèòåëüíîì èññëåäîâàíèè ðàéîíà âñòðå÷è, áûëî îáíàðóæåíî ãíåçäî ñ ãîòîâûì ê âûëåòó ïòåíöîì â âîçðàñòå 38–40 äíåé. Ãíåçäî ðàñïîëàãàëîñü íà êàìåíèñòîì âûñòóïå êðóòîãî áåðåãà ð. Êàìû íà âûñîòå 25 ìåòðîâ. Êîíòàêò (12).

In the first decade of July near Nizhnekamsk in the course of working a baby ecological field camp during an excursion the Peregrine Falcon was met. Later under the additional survey of region the nest with the fledgling at an age 38–40 days was found. The nest was located on a ledge of a stone cliff of the Kama river on the height 25 meters. Contact (12).

Ëèòåðàòóðà Ïàâëîâ Þ.È. Ñàïñàí (Falco peregrinus) // Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà Ðåñïóáëèêè Òàòàðñòàí. Êàçàíü, 1995. Ñ. 56–57. Êàðÿêèí È.Â. Ñàïñàí (Falco peregrinus) â Âîëãî-Óðàëüñêîì ðåãèîíå, Ðîññèÿ. – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà. 2005. ¹1. Ñ. 43–56.

Ìîëîäîé ñàïñàí (Falño peregrinus) â ãíåçäå. Ôîòî Ð. Õàíîâà The fledgling of the Peregrine Falcon (Falño peregrinus) on the nest. Photo by R. Hanov

Interesting notes on the birds of prey near Novosibirsk ИНТЕРЕСНЫЕ ВСТРЕЧИ ХИЩНЫХ ПТИЦ В ОКРЕСТНОСТЯХ НОВОСИБИРСКА I.F. Zhimulev (The Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk) И.Ф. Жим лев (Инстит т цитоло ии и енети и СО РАН, Новосибирс ) (13) Êîíòàêò: Èãîðü Ôåäîðîâè÷ Æèìóë¸â Çàâåäóþùèé ëàáîðàòîðèåé ìîëåêóëÿðíîé öèòîãåíåòèêè, ïðîôåññîð ×ëåí-êîððåñïîíäåíò ÐÀÍ Èíñòèòóò öèòîëîãèè è ãåíåòèêè ÑÎ ÐÀÍ Ðîññèÿ 630090 Íîâîñèáèðñê Àêàäåìãîðîäîê Òåë.: (383) 330 16 65 Zhimulev@bionet.nsc.ru (13) Contact: Igor F. Zhimulev Ph. Dr., Professor of Genetics Head of Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics The Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk Academgorodok Russia 630090 tel.: (383) 330 16 65 Zhimulev@bionet.nsc.ru

Â õîäå ýêñêóðñèé, ïðîõîäèâøèõ â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ Íîâîñèáèðñêîãî Àêàäåìãîðîäêà è ïðèëåãàþùåãî ê íåìó Öåíòðàëüíîãî Ñèáèðñêîãî áîòàíè÷åñêîãî ñàäà, ñ 1 íîÿáðÿ 2003 ã. ïî êîíåö ñåíòÿáðÿ 2005 ã. íà ìàðøðóòàõ îáùåé ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòüþ îêîëî 4000 êì ìíîé áûëè âñòðå÷åíû îð¸ë-êàðëèê, îðëàí-áåëîõâîñò è îñîåä. Â ñóùåñòâóþùèõ ïóáëèêàöèÿõ î ïòèöàõ Àêàäåìãîðîäêà (Öûáóëèí, 1985), Íîâîñèáèðñêà (Êîçëîâ, 1988) è ïòèöàõ ïîäòà¸æíîé çîíû Çàïàäíîé Ñèáèðè, ãäå ðàñïîëîæåí Íîâîñèáèðñê (Þäêèí, 2002), îá ýòèõ âèäàõ ëèáî óïîìèíàåòñÿ âñêîëüçü, ëèáî ñâåäåíèé î íèõ íåò âîîáùå. Îð¸ë-êàðëèê (Hieraaetus pennatus) 21 àâãóñòà 2005 ã. â òå÷åíèå äíÿ â Áîòàíè÷åñêîì ñàäó ìíîé áûëè âñòðå÷åíû òðè îðëà-êàðëèêà. Îäíà ïòèöà ñèäåëà íà îñîêîðå, ðàñòóùåì íà ñêëîíå îâðàãà â áåð¸çîâî-ñîñíîâîì ëåñó, è ïîäïóñòèëà íà 50 ì. Åù¸ äâå ïòèöû áûëè âñòðå÷åíû â ìåëêîëèñòâåííîì ëåñó ÷åðåç 1,5 êì îò ïåðâîé. Îáå âçëåòåëè ñ äåðåâüåâ, ïîäïóñòèâ íà 30 è 70 ì ñîîòâåòñòâåííî. Ïîñëåäíÿÿ

Bird watching was since 1 November 2003 to September 2005 in Academgorodok of Novosibirsk and the Siberian Botanical Garden. During the day 21 August 2005 in the Botanical Garden I observed two adults and one juvenile of the Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus). In 5 September 2005 the juvenile of the Honey Buzzard (Pernis apivorus) was observed on the way to Academgorodok of Novosibirsk. During two years the White-Tailed Eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) were observed four times in the course of autumn migration and once in the course of spring migration. The Author thanks I.V. Karyakin, V.A. Yudkin and Y.S. Ravkin for the help in the determination of birds on photos. Contact (13).

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2005, 3 ïòèöà îêàçàëàñü ñë¸òêîì, âåëà ñåáÿ áîëåå äîâåð÷èâî è ïîçâîëèëà äâàæäû ñåáÿ ñôîòîãðàôèðîâàòü. Íè äî ýòîãî, íè ïîñëå êàðëèêè çäåñü íå íàáëþäàëèñü.

Ìîëîäîé îð¸ë-êàðëèê (Hieraaetus pennatus). Ôîòî È. Æèìóë¸âà The fledgling the Booted Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla). Photo by I. Zhimulev

Îñîåä (Pernis apivorus) 5 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2005 ã. ìîëîäîé îñîåä áûë âñòðå÷åí ìíîé íà òðîïèíêå â áîëüíè÷íîì êâàðòàëå Àêàäåìãîðîäêà. Ñëåäóåò îòìåòèòü, ÷òî âåñü áîëüíè÷íûé êâàðòàë ïîãðóæåí â ëåñ. Ïòèöà ñèäåëà íà ãàçîíå â çàðîñëÿõ ñíûòè îêîëî òðîïèíêè è âûêàïûâàëà ÿìêó â çåìëå â ïîèñêàõ äîáû÷è. Ïîïûòîê óëåòåòü íå äåëàëà. Óäàëîñü ñäåëàòü íåñêîëüêî ôîòîãðàôèé. Îðëàí-áåëîõâîñò (Haliaeetus albicilla) Çà äâà ãîäà ïðîèçîøëî ïÿòü âñòðå÷ ñ ýòèì õèùíèêîì íà îñåííåì è âåñåííåì ïðîë¸òàõ. Îäíà ïòèöà áûëà âñòðå÷åíà ìíîé â öåíòðå Áîòàíè÷åñêîãî ñàäà íàä ð. Çûðÿíêîé 10 îêòÿáðÿ 2004 ã. Ïòèöà áûëà çàìå÷åíà â 70 ìåòðàõ è çàòåì ïðîëåòåëà ôàêòè÷åñêè íàä ãîëîâîé. Íà äðóãîé äåíü åù¸ îäíà ïòèöà ïðîëåòàëà â ðàáî÷åé çîíå Àêàäåìãîðîäêà íàä Èíñòèòóòîì öèòîëîãèè è ãåíåòèêè. Òðåòüÿ ïòèöà íàáëþäàëàñü â Áîòàíè÷åñêîì ñàäó áëèæå ê þæíîé åãî ãðàíèöå 31 îêòÿáðÿ 2004 ã. ×åòâ¸ðòûé îðëàí, òàêæå íà îñåííåì ïðîëåòå, áûë âñòðå÷åí 28 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2005 ã. íà ãðàíèöå ðàáî÷åé çîíû Àêàäåìãîðîäêà è áåð¸çî-

Êðàòêèå ñîîáùåíèÿ âûõ êîëêîâ ê âîñòîêó îò íåãî. Íà âåñåííåì ïðîëåòå îðëàí íàáëþäàëñÿ 30 àïðåëÿ 2005 ã. ïàðÿùèì íàä þæíîé ãðàíèöåé Áîòàíè÷åñêîãî ñàäà. Êîíòàêò (13).

Áëàãîäàðíîñòè Àâòîð áëàãîäàðèò È.Â. Êàðÿêèíà, Â.À. Þäêèíà è Þ.Ñ. Ðàâêèíà çà ïîìîùü â îïðåäåëåíèè ïòèö ïî ôîòîãðàôèÿì. Ëèòåðàòóðà Êîçëîâ Í.À. Ïòèöû Íîâîñèáèðñêà. – Ïðîñòðàíñòâåííî-âðåìåííàÿ îðãàíèçàöèÿ íàñåëåíèÿ – Íîâîñèáèðñê. Èçäàòåëüñòâî Íàóêà, Ñèáèðñêîå îòäåëåíèå. 1988. 157 ñ. Öûáóëèí Ñ.Ì. Ïòèöû äèôôóçíîãî ãîðîäà. – Íîâîñèáèðñê. Èçäàòåëüñòâî Íàóêà, Ñèáèðñêîå îòäåëåíèå. 1985. 168 ñ. Þäêèí Â.À. Ïòèöû ïîäòà¸æíûõ ëåñîâ Çàïàäíîé Ñèáèðè. – Íîâîñèáèðñê, Èçäàòåëüñòâî Íàóêà. 2002. 487 ñ.

Ìîëîäîé îñîåä (Pernis apivorus). Ôîòî È. Æèìóë¸âà The fledgling of the Honey Buzzard (Pernis apivorus). Photo by I. Zhimulev

The first record of the Short-Toed Eagle in the Krasnoyarsk Kray ПЕРВАЯ РЕГИСТРАЦИЯ ЗМЕЕЯДА В КРАСНОЯРСКОМ КРАЕ I.V. Karyakin (Center for Field Studies, N.Novgorod, Russia) E.G. Nikolenko (Siberian Environmental Center, Novosibirsk, Russia) И.В. Каря ин (Центр полевых исследований, Н.Нов ород, Россия) Э.Г. Ни олен о (МБОО «Сибирс ий э оло ичес ий центр», Новосибирс , Россия) (14) Êîíòàêò: Èãîðü Êàðÿêèí òåë.: (8312) 33 38 47 ikar_research@mail.ru Ýëüâèðà Íèêîëåíêî òåë./ôàêñ: (383) 339 78 85 nikolenko@ecoclub.nsu.ru (14) Contact: Igor Karyakin tel.: (8312) 33 38 47 ikar_research@mail.ru Elvira Nikolenko tel./fax: (383) 339 78 85 nikolenko@ecoclub.nsu.ru

Ñîâðåìåííûé ãíåçäîâîé àðåàë çìååÿäà (Circaetus gallicus) íà âîñòîêå îãðàíè÷åí ïåðåäîâûìè ñêëàäêàìè õðåáòîâ Ñàëàèðà è Àëòàÿ. Âîñòî÷íåå Åíèñåÿ íå èçâåñòíû äàæå âñòðå÷è íåðàçìíîæàþùèõñÿ ïòèö. 23 èþíÿ 2005 ã. â 10:00 ïðîëåòàþùàÿ âäîëü ñêàë ïòèöà íàáëþäàëàñü íàä ð. Òóáà áëèç ñ. Êî÷åðãèíî Êðàñíîÿðñêîãî êðàÿ. Çìååÿä ïåðåñ¸ê ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê ñàïñàíîâ, ïîäâåðãíóâøèñü àòàêå âçðîñëûõ ïòèö, è ñêðûëñÿ â áåð¸çîâîì ëåñó íà êðóòîñêëîíå ïðàâîãî áåðåãà ðåêè. Êîíòàêò (14).

The modern breeding range of the ShortToed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus) in Western Siberia and Northern Kazakhstan is ended by the Salair and the Altay mountains. In 23 June 2005 in 10.00 an adult bird was observed over cliffs on the Tuba River near Kochergino village. The Short-Toed Eagle was flying through the breeding territory of the Peregrine Falcon, was attacked by adult falcons and escaped in the birch forest on cliff right riverside. Contact (14).

New Publications and Videos

Raptors Conservation 2005, 3

Grants ГРАНТЫ Future Conservationist Awards КОНКУРС ГРАНТОВ «FUTURE CONSERVATIONIST»

(15) Contact: Marianne Dunn Programme Manager BP Conservation Programme BirdLife International/FFI Wellbrook Court, Girton Road, Cambridge CB3 0NA, UK fax: +22 1223 277200 bp-conservationprogramme@ birdlife.org.uk

Ïðèðîäîîõðàííàÿ ïðîãðàììà BP åæåãîäíî âûäåëÿåò îêîëî 20 ãðàíòîâ íà ñóììó 12,500 $ êàæäûé. Ãðàíòû ïðèñóæäàþòñÿ êîìàíäàì, îáëàäàþùèì ëèäåðñêèì ïîòåíöèàëîì â ñîõðàíåíèÿ áèîðàçíîîáðàçèÿ äëÿ ðàçâèâèòèÿ íàâûêîâ â ïðàêòè÷åñêèõ ïðîåêòàõ îõðàíû ïðèðîäû. Äëÿ ó÷àñòèÿ â êîíêóðñå 2006 ã. íåîáõîäèìî îòïðàâèòü ïîëíîñòüþ çàïîëíåííóþ çàÿâêó-àíêåòó11 íà àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå ìåíåäæåðó ïðîãðàììû äî 16 äåêàáðÿ 2005 ã. Â êîíêóðñå ìîãóò ó÷àñòâîâàòü òîëüêî ãðàæäàíå ñòðàí, ðàòèôèöèðîâàâøèå Ñîãëàøåíèå ïî Îðãàíèçàöèè Ýêîíîìè÷åñêîãî Ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâà è Ðàçâèòèÿ12. Êîìàíäû-çàÿâèòåëè äîëæíû âêëþ÷àòü íå ìåíåå 3-õ èñïîëíèòåëåé â âîçðàñòå äî 35 ëåò è ñî ñòàæåì ðàáîòû â ýòîé îáëàñòè íå áîëåå 2-õ ëåò. Ïðîåêò äîëæåí ïðåäïîëàãàòü ðàçâèòèå ÷ëåíîâ ãðóïïû êàê ëèäåðîâ. Òàêæå áóäåò ó÷èòûâàòüñÿ ïðèçíàííûé ìåæäóíàðîäíûé ïðèîðèòåò âèäîâ äëÿ ñîõðàíåíèÿ áèîðàçíîîáðàçèÿ ñîãëàñíî ìåæäóíàðîäíîìó Êðàñíîìó ñïèñêó IUCN13. Ñðîê ïðîåêòà ìîæåò áûòü îò 3 äî 12 ìåñÿöåâ. Êîíòàêò (15).

BP Conservation Programm will offere anually approximately 20 Future Conservationist Awards of up to $12,500 each to teams that have been identified with leadership potential for biodiversity conservation and are developing their skills through practical conservation projects. To apply for the 2006 Future Conservationist Awards project teams must submit a completed application form11 in English to the Programme Manager by 16th December 2005. Teams must show clearly how the project will build the skills and capabilities of individual team members; show potential for leadership as good ambassadors for the work they are doing; include a minimum of three people, less than 35 years of age with no more than two years professional experience. Projects must be 3–12 months in length; take place outside countries that have ratified the Convention on the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development12; address a recognised international biodiversity conservation priority at the species according to the IUCN international red list13. Contact (15).

Birdfair/RSPB Research Fund for Endangered Birds НАУЧНО-ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЙ ФОНД ДЛЯ УГРОЖАЕМЫХ ПТИЦ БРИТАНСКОЙ ЯРМАРКИ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ ПТИЦ И RSPB (16) Contact: Dr Paul F Donald Senior Research Biologist International Research Team RSPB The Lodge Sandy Bedfordshire SG19 2DL UK tel.: +44 (0)1767 680551 fax: +44 (0)1767 692365 www.rspb.org.uk

11 12 13

Â ñåíòÿáðå 2005 ã. ñîñòîÿëîñü îòêðûòèå íîâîãî íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêîãî Ôîíäà äëÿ óãðîæàåìûõ ïòèö, êîòîðûé çàìåíÿåò ìåæäóíàðîäíóþ íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêóþ ñõåìó ñóáñèäèé Êîðîëåâñêîãî îáùåñòâà îõðàíû ïòèö Âåëèêîáðèòàíèè (RSPB). Áðèòàíñêàÿ ßðìàðêà íàáëþäåíèÿ ïòèö è RSPB âûäåëÿþò ñóáñèäèè âïëîòü äî 2000 $ ÑØÀ äëÿ èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïî ëþáîìó êðèòè÷åñêè óãðîæàåìîìó (CR) èëè óãðîæàåìîìó (EN) âèäó èç Êðàñíîãî ñïèñêà IUCN13 âî âñåì ìèðå. Ïðåäïî÷òåíèå îòäà¸òñÿ ïðåòåíäåíòàì, ðàáîòàþùèì â ñâîåé ñòðàíå, îñîáåííî, åñëè îíè ðàáîòàþò ñ íàöèîíàëüíûìè ïàðòíåðàìè BirdLife International. Ñóáñèäèè íå ïðåäóñìàòðèâàþò ðàñõîäû íà ìåæäóíàðîäíûå àâèàïåðåë¸òû. Çàÿâêè ïðèíèìàþòñÿ äî 13 ÿíâàðÿ 2006 ã. Óñïåøíûå ïðîåêòû ïîëó÷àò ôèíàíñèðîâàíèå äî êîíöà ìàðòà 2006 ã. Êîíòàêò (16).

http://conservation.bp.com/applications/application.asp http://www.oecd.org/ http://www.redlist.org

In September 2005 the opening of the new Birdfair/RSPB Research Fund for Endangered Birds, which replaces the RSPB International Research Grants scheme. The British Birdwatching Fair and the RSPB together offer grants of up to US$2,000 for research on any species listed by IUCN13 as Critically Endangered (CR) or Endangered (EN), anywhere in the world. We give preference to applicants working in-country, especially when they work for or with the local BirdLife Partner organisation. Grants will not be provided for international air travel. The closing date for this year’s awards is 13 January 2006. Successful projects will receive funding before the end of March 2006. Contact (16).

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2005, 3

Íîâûå ïóáëèêàöèè è ôèëüìû

New Publications and Videos НОВЫЕ ПУБЛИКАЦИИ И ФИЛЬМЫ Books КНИГИ

(17) Contact: BirdLife International Wellbrook Court Girton Road Cambridge CB3 0NA United Kingdom tel.: +44 (1223) 277318 fax: +44 (1223) 277200 birdlife@birdlife.org www.birdlife.org

Ê. Ïàïàçîãëîó, Ê. Êðåéñåð, Ç. Âàëèñçêèé, ß. Áàðôèëä. Ïòèöû â Åâðîñîþçå: îöåíêà ñòàòóñà. 2004. Íèäåðëàíäû: BirdLife International. 50 ñòð.14 Â íàñòîÿùåì îáçîðå BirdLife International ïðåäñòàâëÿåò: 1. Îò÷¸ò î ñòàòóñå ïòèö íà Ïàí-åâðîïåéñêîì ïðîñòðàíñòâå è â 25 ñòðàíàõ – ÷ëåíàõ Åâðîñîþçà, ïîäïèñàâøèõ Äèðåêòèâó ïî ìèãðèðóþùèì ïòèöàì, áàçèðóþùèéñÿ íà äàííûõ ýêñïåðòîâ. 2. Ðåêîìåíäàöèè ïî ïëàíàì äåéñòâèé äëÿ óñòðàíåíèÿ âûÿâëåííûõ ïðîáëåì â áóäóùåì. 3. Äâà èñ÷åðïûâàþùèõ ñïèñêà âèäîâ, âíåñ¸ííûõ â Ïðèëîæåíèÿ I è II, Äèðåêòèâó ïî ìèãðèðóþùèì ïòèöàì c óêàçàíèåì èõ ïðèðîäîîõðàííîãî ñòàòóñà. Êîíòàêò (15). Åâãåíèé Ïîòàïîâ è Ðè÷àðä Ñýéë. Êðå÷åò. Poyser and Yale University Press. 2005. 284 ñ. ISBN: 030010778115. Ýòà êíèãà ÿâëÿåòñÿ íàèáîëåå ïîëíûì ñïðàâî÷íèêîì ïî ñàìîìó áîëüøîìó ñîêîëó â ìèðå – êðå÷åòó (Falco rusticolus). Â êíèãå ïîäðîáíî îïèñàíà áèîëîãèÿ, ýêîëîãèÿ è âîïðîñû îõðàíû êðå÷åòà, ïðèâîäÿòñÿ íîâåéøèå äàííûå î áèîëîãèè ýòîãî âèäà. Ïîñåòèâ êàæäóþ ñòðàíó â àðåàëå êðå÷åòà, Åâãåíèé Ïîòàïîâ è Ðè÷àðä Ñýéë ïðèâîäÿò íàèáîëåå ïîäðîáíóþ êàðòó ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ ñîêîëà. Àâòîðû âîññòàíîâèëè òðàäèöèîííîå Ëèííååâñêîå íàó÷íîå íàçâàíèå âèäà – Falco gyrfalco. Ìîíîãðàôèÿ ñîäåðæèò ðàçäåëû: Ïàëåîáèîãåîãðàôèÿ, ñèñòåìàòèêà è ìîðôîìåòðèÿ, Ïîëåâûå ïðèçíàêè è öâåòîâûå âàðèàöèè, Ðàñïîñòðàíåíèå, ×èñëåííîñòü è å¸ äèíàìèêà, Ìåñòà îáèòàíèÿ è ïðåäïî÷èòàåìûå áèîòîïû, Ïèòàíèå, Öèêë ðàçìíîæåíèÿ, Äèñïåðñèÿ, ñåçîííûå ïåðåìåùåíèÿ è çèìíåå ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå, Êîíêóðåíòû, íàõëåáíèêè è âíóòðèâèäîâûå îòíîøåíèÿ, ×åëîâåê è Ñîêîë, Óãðîçà èñ÷åçíîâåíèÿ è îõðàíà. Êíèãà ïðåäñòàâëÿåò èíòåðåñ äëÿ äîâîëüíî øèðîêîé àóäèòîðèè îðíèòîëîãîâ, ýêîëîãîâ, âåòåðèíàðîâ, ñîêîëÿòíèêîâ è âñåõ, êîìó èíòåðåñíû õèùíûå ïòèöû. Öåíà êíèãè 45 äîëëàðîâ ÑØÀ.

http://www.birdlife.org/action/science/species/birds_in_europe/ birds_in_the_eu.pdf 15 https://yalepress.yale.edu/YupCart/Cart.asp?prodid=0300107781 14

Birds in the European Union: a status assessment. Compiled by C. Papazoglou, K. Kreiser, Z. Waliczky, I. Burfield, 2004. Wageningen, The Netherlands: BirdLife International. 50 p.14 In particular, BirdLife International presents within this review: 1. A report, article by article of the Directive, of the status of birds at the Pan-European level and at the level of the EU with its current 25 Member States (EU25), assessing, where possible, the impact of the Birds Directive (79/409/EEC) for migratory bird species, based on cutting-edge data. 2. Recommendations for action to address the challenges identified for the future. 3. Two comprehensive lists of the species listed on Annex I and Annex II of the Birds Directive with their conservation status. Contact (15). Eugene Potapov & Richard Sale. The Gyrfalcon. Poyser and Yale University Press. 2005. 284 pages. ISBN: 030010778115. This book is the definitive guide to the largest and most charismatic species of falcon in the world, the Gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus). With detailed information on life history characteristics, ecology, conservation issues, and much more, the book presents the most accurate, up-to-date, and complete view of this spectacular bird ever published. Drawing on extensive research and travel to every country within the range of the Gyrfalcon, Eugene Potapov and Richard Sale delineate a new map of the bird’s range, conclude that the Gyrfalcon is more adaptable than previously thought, and restore the traditional Linnean scientific name of the species, Falco gyrfalco. The authors also reveal that Gyrfalcons, for much of their lives, are true stenophagous raptors, a rarity not only among raptors but among all birds. Elegantly illustrated (42 b/w + 48 color illus) with many photographs and line drawings, this is an essential volume for ornithologists, ecologists, wildlife rehabilitators, falconers, and all others fascinated by birds of prey. Price: $45.00.

Contents

Raptors Conservation 2005, 3

Ñîäåðæàíèå

Contents

Ñîáûòèÿ ................................................................. 3

Events ...................................................................... 3

Ïðîáëåìà íîìåðà ............................................... 18

Problem of Number .............................................. 18

Àëòàéñêèé êðàé – áóäóùåå îäíîãî èç êðóïíåéøèõ ðîññèéñêèõ î÷àãîâ ðàçíîîáðàçèÿ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ çàâèñèò îò ïðèðîäîîõðàííûõ ìåð. È.Ý. Ñìåëÿíñêèé ................................................ 18

Altai Kray: the future of the largest raptorial diversity hotspots depends on urgent conservation measures. I.E. Smelansky ..................................................... 18

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ .......................... 28

Raptors Research .................................................. 28

Êðóïíûå ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ. È.Â. Êàðÿêèí, È.Ý. Ñìåëÿíñêèé, Ñ.Â. Áàêêà, Ì.À. Ãðàáîâñêèé, À.Â. Ðûáåíêî, À.B. Åãîðîâà ... 28

The Raptors in the Altai Kray. I.V. Karyakin, I.E. Smelansky, S.V. Bakka, M.A. Grabovsky, A.V. Rybenko, A.V. Egorova ................................ 28

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè ñòåïíûõ ïðåäãîðèé Ðóññêîãî Àëòàÿ: íàõîäêè 2005 ãîäà. È.Ý. Ñìåëÿíñêèé, À.À. Òîìèëåíêî ..................... 52

The raptors in the steppe of the Russian Altai foothills – records 2005. I.E. Smelansky, A.A. Tomilenko ................................................... 52

Íîâûå äàííûå ïî ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèþ è ÷èñëåííîñòè íåêîòîðûõ õèùíûõ ïòèö è ñîâ â Îáñêîì ïðàâîáåðåæüå Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè. È.Â. Êàðÿêèí, À.Â. Ðûáåíêî, Ý.Ã. Íèêîëåíêî ................................................... 54

New data of distribution and number of some birds of prey and owls on the right bank of the Ob’ river in the Novosibirsk district. I.V. Karyakin, A.V. Rybenko, E.G. Nikolenko ......... 54

Êðàòêèå ñîîáùåíèÿ ............................................ 65

Nesting of the White-Tailed Eagle on powerlines in the Astrahan district, Russia. M.V. Pestov ........................................................ 65

Ãíåçäîâàíèå îðëàíà-áåëîõâîñòà íà îïîðå âûñîêîâîëüòíîé ËÝÏ â Àñòðàõàíñêîé îáëàñòè, Ðîññèÿ. Ì.Â. Ïåñòîâ ........................................... 65 Íîâûå äàííûå î ãíåçäîâàíèè ñàïñàíà â Ðåñïóáëèêå Òàòàðñòàí, Ðîññèÿ. Ð.À. Õàíîâ, À.Â. Âîëêîâà .................................... 66 Èíòåðåñíûå âñòðå÷è õèùíûõ ïòèö â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ Íîâîñèáèðñêà. È.Ô. Æèìóëåâ ..... 67

Short reports ......................................................... 65

New data of nesting the Peregrine Falcon in Tatarstan Republic, Russia. R.A. Hanov, A.V. Volkova .................................... 66 Interesting notes on the birds of prey near Novosibirsk. I.F. Zhimulev ................................... 67

Ïåðâàÿ ðåãèñòðàöèÿ çìååÿäà â Êðàñíîÿðñêîì êðàå. È.Â. Êàðÿêèí, Ý.Ã. Íèêîëåíêî .................. 68

The first record of the Short-Toed Eagle in the Krasnoyarsk Kray. I.V. Karyakin, E.G. Nikolenko .................................................... 68

Ãðàíòû .................................................................. 69

Grants .................................................................... 69

Êîíêóðñ ãðàíòîâ «Future Conservationist» ............. 69

Future Conservationist Awards ............................... 69

Íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèé Ôîíä äëÿ óãðîæàåìûõ ïòèö Áðèòàíñêîé ßðìàðêè íàáëþäåíèÿ ïòèö è RSPB .................................... 69

Birdfair/RSPB Research Fund for Endangered Birds ................................................................... 69 New Publications and Videos .............................. 70

Íîâûå ïóáëèêàöèè è ôèëüìû ........................... 70

Îòïå÷àòàíî â òèïîãðàôèè ÍÍÃÓ ñ ãîòîâîãî îðèãèíàë-ìàêåòà Ëèö. ÏÄ ¹ 18–0099 îò 04.05.01 ã. 603000, ã. Í. Íîâîãîðîä, óë. Á. Ïîêðîâñêàÿ, 37