Singidi 2016

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2016 Philadelphia Telangana Association A 501 (C) (3) - Tax Exempt Non-Profit Entity

|òæ\&Ó*Œ¤j·÷ ‘Ó\+>±D≤ nk˛dæj˚TwüHé www.phillytelangana.org e-mail : info@phillytelangana.org https://www.facebook.com/phillytelangana

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ø£esY &çC…’Hé ˝Ò`ne⁄{Ÿ Vü≤]ø£èwüí e+>±\ bò˛Hé : G1 4848684278 e-mail : info@saakruthi.com

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Publisher :

Philadelphia Telangana Association (PTA) 2427 Copper Creek Road Chester Springs, PA 19425, USA PTA is a 501 (C)(3) Tax Exempt, Non-Profit Entity www.phillytelangana.org

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s¡$ Á|üø±wt y˚T¬s&ç¶

|òæ\&Ó*Œ¤j·÷ ‘Ó\+>±D≤ nk˛dæj˚TwüHé 1

INDEX • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2

Á|ü>‹∑ u≤≥˝À ‘Ó\+>±D ` j·T+. |ü<àä HêuÛs¬Ñ &ç¶

2

Co-operative Farming - A Way Farward For Agriculture in Telangana - Dr. L. Jalapathi Rao

6

nø£så ¡ #Ó‘’ q· ´ ` |üPs¡#í +· <äsY

8

The Farming Crisis and our Responsibility - Srinivas Ranabothu

10

Á|ü‹ Á>±e÷ìøÏ ˇø£ e´ekÕj·T ì|ü⁄DT&ÉT ø±yê*`s¡yT˚ wt q\¢y√\T

12

My Journey in Development Sector with Nirmaan Organization - Chandra Sekhar Putchakayala

14

eTq ã&ç ` eTq+<ä] u≤<Û´ä ‘·`j·T+. sê»j·T´

16

My Experience in Education Sector - Pradeep Karuturi

18

ì\ã&ɶ ‘Ó\+>±D ñs¡ø˝£ ‘… êÔ\+fÒ...`dü+‘√wt sπ >∑\¢

21

Logical Indian - Suresh Ediga

24

ˇø£ÿ dü+e‘·‡s¡+˝À J$‘· ø±\|ü⁄ nqTuÛeÑ + Ç∫Ãq ª&ÉjT· ˝Ÿ j·TTesY $˝ÒC¢ Ÿµ`s¡$ Á|üø±wt y˚Ts¬ &ç¶

27

Life changing experience in US - Vamsi Machiraju

29

Telangana Activities Photos

32

‘Ó\+>±D neTs¡Ms¡T\≈£î CÀVü≤s¡T¢ kÕe÷q´ ‘Ó\+>±D`ø£+<äT≈£L] s¡yT˚ wtu≤ãT

33

Advantage-Mahabubnagar - Dr. T. K. Sreedevi I.A.S

36

2016 Philadelphia Telangana Night Organizing Committee

41

Making Public Data Meaningful - Rakesh Dubbudu, Founder, Factly

42

With The Best Complements from our Supporters

45

Shramadaan- Gangadhara Tilak Katnam

47

s¬ ‘’ ˚ <Óe’ eTT ` ø√<ë] lìyêdüT

51

Journey through High School - Sameer Sheik

53

Bathukamma Festival - Tanav Thota

54

Me, Myself and I - Swetha Kalyankar

55

History of Telangana - Yashita Thota

56

Help the Environment - Rishitha Musuku

59

Save Trees to Save Yourself - Shriya Sai Yakkati

59

My JRA Visit on Sunday - Abhinav Jonnala

60

Heat in India - Meera Mayreddy

61

Our Disney Trip - Ashwika Papasani, Akshaya Kotha and Medha Gaddam

61

Nishi Enugula

62

Activities did Father & Me - M. Koushik

63

‘Ó\+>±D sêh+˝À s¬ ‘’ T· \ Ä‘·àVü≤‘·´\T`ø=ìï eTTK´yÓTqÆ ø±s¡D≤\T`|ü]cÕÿsê\T

64

34

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With Farmers at Bhairapur

Seminar on Agriculture

5

Co-operative Farming - A Way Farward For Agriculture In Telangana Need to replicate Mulkanoor like cooperatives - Dr. L. Jalapathi Rao Registrar [rtd], Agricultural University Institutional reforms are required to channelize small farmers energies for greater productivity and higher income. A robust, innovative system is essential with the participation of producers, research institution, financiers and supporting policies & extension mechanisms. One of the approaches is creation of farmers enterprises, agricultural co-operatives, commodity groups.

Agriculture in Telangana is characterized with predominance small and marginal farmers. One of the reasons for yield plateau and low income to farm families is land fragmentation. About 80% of farmers are small and marginal. They are deprived of access to latest precision farming techniques, farm mechanization, credit, technical advice, quality inputs, market intelligence and post-harvesting facilities. They also lack the bargaining capacity. The gap between scientific know-how and field level do-how is widening.

Fragmentation of land is inevitable due to ever increase in human population and decreasing cultivable land. But there is a need to address this issue comprehensively to increase production and farmer income overcoming knowledge deficit speedily.

This can be done by cooperative approach to farming. The economies of scale in procurement, technology adoption and marketing are better attained if farmers combine together for collective farming. The farmer group operation would facilitate requirements for quality and traceability for exports. These farmers’ collectives would further facilitate crop specialization in clusters and the limited and finite resources in the area could be channeled and processors and industry be established in the production zone itself. Farmers in a cooperative become an integral part of supply chain.

There is need, therefore, to encourage the formation of producer enterprises, agricultural cooperatives or commodity based collectives, so that a section of the farmers can themselves reap the benefits. The need is to give the power of scale to the small farmers both in production and post harvest operation to enhance their incomes.

6

There are problems for processing and marketing enterprises for procuring higher quality products for specific markets from a large number of small farmers.

There is need, therefore, for forming large groups of farmers engaged in the production of higher quality products for specific markets within specific agroclimatic zones.

An attempt This is not an easy task considering the fact that the past efforts in cooperative farming have not succeeded. Agricultural cooperation so far suffered from various Institutional drawbacks and not a universal success. But it can not be given up. An honest attempt has to be made to convince the farmers about the benefits of cooperative farming and the economies of scale. The motivation for the collectives needs to come from government offering tax breaks and concessions, a supporting bureaucracy and service support.

•

There are few successful cases in cooperatives that are unique models, like Mulkanoor cooperative society. They are localized and known for acceptance of leadership and commitment. These societies are, however, confined mainly to the marketing of inputs and outputs. Similarly, the concept of cooperative marketing of inputs and seed production is spreading in different villages. But concerted efforts are to be made by one and all to demonstrate the benefits of cooperative farming and extend various forms of support.

•

Appropriate mechanism to be put in place so that farmers have greater control of the market channels and improve profit opportunities.

•

The policy and legal frame work under which the cooperatives are functioning be reviewed so as to create an enabling environment for them to attain autonomy and run their operations in a business like manner and accounting made transparent.

• Farmers cooperative be financially supported for creating initial infrastructure. The present free

economic policies also must have a reserve place and sector for cooperatives.

• Legislative and regulatory frame work be amended and strengthened to achieve the objectives.

•

A new bill, Co-operative Sector Reforms, formulated and introduced in Parliament in place of Multi State Co-operative Societies Act 1984, need to be got approved.

Producer Companies Production technologies put together may increase production significantly. But, the ultimate objective of increased farm income may not be realized through production led approach alone. The absence of appropriate, viable and competitive marketing facilities often restricts small and marginal farmers in deriving maximum benefits from development efforts.

The small marketable surplus, the produce not meeting market preferred quality, poor negotiation capacity of the unorganized farming communities further complicate the situation. ‘Producer Company’, provides an alternative institutional model.

Activities a PC Can Take Up

• Production, procurement, harvesting, grading, poling,

Benefits to the Members of a Producer Company

• Pooling of produce which enables the members to have better bargaining position in the market

• Elimination of middlemen resulting in reduced costs and enhancement of returns

• Development of greater command over domain knowledge in the produce, ultimately leading to enhancement of quality, productivity, and returns

• Aggregation of demand for inputs enabling bulk purchases resulting in availment of a greater discount

• Acquisition of better technology resulting in enhanced quality and productivity

Formation of Producer Company • Farmers Interest Groups (FIGs) are formed with 1530 farmers per group. These farmers are ideally growing common/same crop(s).

• Once the FIGs are stabilized, they will be federated into a Kisan / Farmer Producer Company, or cooperative/MACS/association] depending on the farmers’ preference

handling, marketing, selling, expert of primary produce of the Members or import of goods or services for their benefit

• FIG members will become equity holders.

• About 1000 farmers will be federated in each PC. • Trained agribusiness professionals, recruited by the

• Processing including preserving, drying, distilling,

FPO will help them to plan and implement their business plans.

brewing, venting, canning and packaging of produce of its members

• Manufacture, sale or supply of machinery, equipment or consumables mainly to its members

• Providing education on mutual assistance principles to its members and others

• Rendering technical services, consultancy services, training, research and development and all other activities for the promotion of the interests of its members

• Financing of procurement, processing , marketing or other activities specified above which include extending of credit facilities or any other financial services to its members

• Insurance of producers or their primary produce • Promoting techniques of mutuality and mutual assistance

• Welfare measures or facilities for the benefit of the members

Suggested Strategy Producer Companies will not happen on their own. In almost all the cases of successful PCs, an NGO is supported by NABARD and Small Farmers Agribusiness Consortium (SFAC) . The most successful AMUL Model of dairy cooperatives was formed by National Dairy Development (NDDB) using the concept of Sphere Head Team (SHT). A SHT has 4 to 6 members comprising one agriculture specialist, one sociologist, one finance specialist and a representative of the concerned State Government.

A similar strategy could be adopted for formation of FIGs and PCs in select crops/ commodities in Telangana State. That is, a mission mode approach will help form a large number of PCs in a short time. A policy and efforts to replicate Mulkanoor like societies will not only enable farmers to seek solutions for most of problems in farming but also contribute for development of agriculture in Telangana.

7

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Bì <ë«s¡ Á|ü‹uÛÑ ø£*Z, Ä]úø£uÛ≤s¡+ e\¢ q>∑sê\øÏ sê˝Òì yê]øÏ ˝≤uÛÑ+ ø£\T>∑T‘·T+~.

yÓTÆ ‘Ó\+>±D.ø±yéT |”|ü⁄˝Ÿ ` |ü˝Ÿ‡ ` |üesY

9

The Farming Crisis and our Responsibility - Srinivas Ranabothu New Jersey, i4 Farmers

Not a day goes by where we don’t depend on the farmers. More ever yet there isn’t a day or even a moment in our busy lives where we think about the farmers or their issues. Because we think these problems are concerning the farmers and not us.

In reality, the farming crisis is not a crisis in isolation but it’s a crisis highlighting a collective and systematic failure - a failure not just on the part of the government but also on the individuals.

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When crops failed and crop insurance was denied, we said its the farmers problem, not ours

i4Farmers - a platform for individuals to come together and work for farmers

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When drought or floods happened and compensation was denied for crop loss, we said its the farmers problem, not ours

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When an entire region shifted to cash crop based cultivation from food crop, we said its the farmers problem, not ours

It’s with this sense of responsibility and obligation to our farmers that i4Farmers was conceptualized and made into a reality. The goal, mission and vision for i4Farmers are

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When minimum support price was not offered in the market, we said its the farmers problem, not ours

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When govt. Hospitals failed to provide primary health care or failed to provide medical help, we said its the farmers problem, not ours

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When villages remained completely disconnected, away from access to the technology, we said its the villagers problem, not ours

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When bank loans were denied or second loans were not issued, we said its the farmers problem, not ours

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When bore wells dried out, ground water depleted, we said its the farmers problem, not ours

Or may be we never said anything because it’s not our problem. It’s not our problem because no matter what was going on outside of the Facebook walls, the apartment complex, the fast-paced metropolitan life, the busy 5 day week schedules, the getaway weekends – we still had food on our plates. So it didn’t matter if the farmer producing the food couldn’t feed his/her own family.

10

• • • •

to create awareness about the farming crisis bring individuals together onto a common platform learn and educate ourselves Take up projects concerning sustainable farming and livelihood involving farmers or groups of farmers or organizations

What kind of projects were taken up?

In the last two years, i4Farmers were extremely fortunate to work with farmers, activists and organizations on the ground. The project details include

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Sustainable farming in Adilabad

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Kitchen and Women farmers in Punjab

Support farm widows in Warangal and Vidarbha districts

Drip Irrigation and Organic farming in Kadapa

What are the other areas where individuals can help?

Here is a 20 point action plan which individuals can refer to and based on their availability, they can pick and chose where and how they can help

What is the road ahead for i4Farmers? i4Farmers is just getting started and there is a long way to go. We want to work with the Indian Communities, especially in the US, since they have a much wider reach and influence. We want to utilize their platform to highlight the farming crisis and bring everyone together to take up projects.

We want to work towards the goal of Zero Farmer Suicides. To this extent, we will be working with various organizations on the ground to make this as a near-term goal.

We would like to involve more individuals to help analyze the govt. Data, so we will be conducting training sessions on how to do this.

We want to involve the people with the technology background to help come up with solutions to solve some of the everyday problems of the farmers.

We want to approach social investors and invite them to invest in the farming community So there is plenty of work ahead and obviously, the more people join, the more we can get done.

@ Gangadevapalli

Supporting Women @Vamshi

Metting on Harithaharam 11

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My Journey in Development Sector with Nirmaan Organization - Chandra Sekhar Putchakayala President, Nirmaan Organization & CEO, Vidya HelpLine Chandra Sekhar Putchakayala hails from a small town called Vikarabad in Telangana state.

He graduated from BITS Pilani, worked for JP Morgan for about 4 years in Mumbai and with his passion to provide access to quality education to masses, he quit his job as a manager and serving as CEO of Vidya HelpLine project of Nirmaan Organization since 4+ years. Under his leadership the project has reached a scale supporting about 50,000+ students annually from 4 states. He is involved in social activities since childhood and also one of the initial team members of Nirmaan Organization and currently serving as the President. He is also the Founder of Ed-Lead Educational services, a social enterprise working on various education projects in Telangana.

Chandra has also been awarded BITSAA 30under30 Award, instituted by BITS Pilani Alumni Association, for his contribution in development sector. In the years to come, he envisions starting a chain of schools providing value based education.

Why do I do what I do?

About Nirmaan Organization

My journey in social sector stems majorly from two reasons, one is my constant urge to know about “ultimate way of living” and experience it. Almost all the religions, great philosophers, spiritual gurus have invariably preached one thing in common, that is, to lose ourselves in the service of others for our ultimate well-being. While I still have a long way to go, my life experiences, thoughts, ambitions are far richer & more meaningful now than a few years ago while working with JP Morgan, (not that JPM is bad, it’s surely a wonderful place to be in and I had a very good journey there).

Nirmaan Organization is a registered NGO started by the students of BITS Pilani in 2005, during our college days, and working in the areas of Education, Livelihoods, and Social Leadership. From the past 11 years, Nirmaan has benefited more than 2,00,000 people with about 700 volunteers, 70+ full time employees through our key projects - Vidya Helpline, SchoolAdoptionProgram, Scholarship, and Mentorship Program, Vocational Training Center, Youth Employment centre etc.,

The second reason is the constant inspiration that I get from our beneficiaries, team and many wonderful people we meet in this sector. As it is well said that our quality of life can be easily gauged by taking the average of five people we are most associated with, in this sector we get to meet a lot of people with great character, which is relatively lower in other sectors. Further, my interactions with our beneficiaries remind how blessed I am and also gets a sense of responsibility to bridge this inequality.

One of the flagship programs of Nirmaan Organization is Vidya HelpLine which intends to solve two major problems

Overall in this journey, I can clearly see the first beneficiary of our work is ME, followed by others and feel fortunate to dedicate my time in service sector through Nirmaan Organization.

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What causes do we work for?

1. Lack of information and guidance – for a country like India and especially for states like Telangana where the majority of the students are first generation learners, there is barely someone to provide information and guide the students effectively. Due to this, though more opportunities are coming up due to the advancements in science and technology, the students from rural areas are not able to capitalize on them.

2. People are not pursuing careers based on their passion – We dream of a country where every Sachin

becomes a Cricketer and every Lata Mangeshkar a singer, where every individual identifies what they are really good at and pursue a career in that filed.

Unfortunately, the current eco system doesn’t allow even most of the affordable lot to become what they want.

The plight of the students from rural underprivileged backgrounds is even worse.

Our Solution 1.Toll-Free HelpLine service – we operate a toll free helpline to provide career guidance to the students.

Some of the questions include – “What courses should I do after 10th to get early employment, What scholarships are there which suit my profile, when does the counseling for TTC happen, etc.,” About 300,000+ calls from 100,000+ students/dropouts have been addressed till April 2016.

2. Goal Setting and Career Counselling workshops – Outreach Program aimed at goal setting to make the rural government school students of 9th and 10th standard DREAM BIG and expose them to various career opportunities, So far we conducted 1,387 workshops benefitingmore than 91,425 students as of 31 March, 2016.

3. Career Saathi Program – An innovative program for highly meritorious but needy students in making to pursue their dream career by assisting them in their higher education, scholarships, skill building, mentoring etc., About 60 bright minds are part of this programing till April 2016.

How can you catalyze our efforts?

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As the counseling service is required for all the 10th standard students across all locations, you could take these services to your District / Mandal / Town or Village.

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Connect us to potential Organizations, individuals, companies who can support us in gathering resources to reach to more people

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Volunteer to provide your intellectual suggestions as a social consultant to maximize the impact of the project.

We thank the Philadelphia Telangana Association for giving this opportunity to share a little about our work. It is very inspirational to learn that, though PTA members crossed border the roots are still deeply rooted in (and for) Telangana.

Please visit www.nirmaan.org || www.vidyahelpline.org or write to me at Chandrasekhar.puch@gmail.com to know more about our activities.

Working for a spirited India for a spirited me.

Jaihind “We have only one passion, the rise of a great Nation”

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nedüsê\qT ‘ê‘êÿ*ø£+>± yÓdüT\Tu≤≥T #˚düTø√e&É+, XÊX¯«‘· |ü]cÕÿsêìøÏ Á|üC≤ Á|ü‹ì<ÛTä \ <ë«sê Á|üuTÑÛ ‘ê«ìøÏ Á|ü‹bÕ<äq\T |ü+|ü&É+ $<ë´ì~Û ìs¡«Vü≤D u≤<Ûä´‘· bÕsƒ¡XÊ\ j·÷»e÷q´ ø£$T{°˝Ò ìs¡«Væ≤+#·&+É . ô|’q ‘Ó*|æq |ü]cÕÿs¡ e÷sêZ\qT dü+ã+~Û‘· e´≈£îÔ\ / dü+düú\ düeTq«j·TeTT‘√ |ü{Ïwüº+>± neT\T |üs¡#·&É+ <ë«sê Á|üuTÑÛ ‘·« bÕsƒX¡ Ê\˝À¢ q÷‘·q+>± 1800 $<ë´s¡T\ú qT #˚sT¡ Ãø√e&É+ »]–+~. BìøÏ n<äq+>± 800 eT+~ |üPs¡« ÁbÕ<∏ä$Tø£ $<ë´s¡Tú\T bÕsƒ¡XÊ\\≈£î nqTdü+<Ûëì+#·ã&ܶs¡T. ô|]–q $<ë´s¡Tú\ dü+K´≈£î nqT>∑TD+>± 30 n<äq|ü⁄ ñbÕ<Ûë´j·T b˛düT\º T eT+&É˝≤ìøÏ øπ {≤sTT+#·ã&çq$. 12 Áô|y’ ≥˚ T bÕsƒX¡ Ê\\T $<ë´s¡Tú\T˝Òø£ eT÷‘·|ü&çq$. á 5 dü+e‘·‡sê\˝À düTe÷s¡T 50 \ø£ å \ $sêfi≤\T Á|ü u Û Ñ T ‘· « bÕsƒ ¡ X Ê\\ n_Û e è~∆ ø Ï ùdø£]+#·ã&ܶsTT. M{Ï˝À Äj·÷\T, yê\+{°s¡¢qT ìj·T$T+#·Tø√e&É+ $<ë´yê\+{°sq¢¡ T @s¡Œs¡#T· ø√e&É+, bÕsƒX¡ Ê\ uÛÖ‹ø£ edü‘T· \qT yÓTs¡T>∑T|üs¡#·Tø√e&É+, bÕsƒ¡XÊ\\ yê]¸ø√‘·‡yê\qT |òüTq+>± ìs¡«Væ≤+#·Tø√e&É+ »]–+~. f…ø±ï\Jì $ìjÓ÷–+#·T≈£î+≥÷ bÕsƒX¡ Ê\\T yê{Ï dü«+‘· yÓuŸôd{’ ŸqT ÁbÕs¡+_Û+#êsTT. ÁbıC…øsº£ qY T eT]j·TT ÄHé˝…’Hé bÕsƒê\qT $<ë´s¡Tú\≈£î #˚s¡Te#˚j·T&É+ »]–+~. 18 eT+~ Á|üuTÑÛ ‘·« ñbÕ<Ûë´j·TT\T, 32 eT+~ kÕúìø£ Á|üC≤ Á|ü‹ì<ÛäT\T yê] |æ\¢\qT Á|üuÛÑT‘·« bÕsƒ¡XÊ\˝À #˚s¡Ã&É+ »]–+~. 2010 qT+&ç Ç|üŒ{Ï es¡≈£î á ø±s¡´Áø£eTeTT ìs¡+‘·s¡+>± dæús¡+>± ø=qkÕ>∑T‘√+~. 2014 dü+e‘·‡s¡+˝À q÷´&Û©ç ¢ q÷´bÕ dü+düú C≤rj·T kÕúsTT˝À >∑T]Ô+∫q 32 Á|üuTÑÛ ‘·« $<ë´_Ûeè~∆ ø±s¡´Áø£e÷˝À¢ ˇø£ $q÷‘·ï ø±s¡´Áø£eT+>± >∑T]Ô+∫ m˝≤¢¬s&ç¶ù|≥ eT+&É\ $<ë´~Ûø±] l j·T+. sê»j·T´>±]øÏ ñ‘·ÔeT $<ë´ bÕ\q n~Ûø±]>± πø+Á<ä e÷qe eqs¡T\ XÊU≤e÷‘·T´\T leT‹ düàè‹ Çsê˙ #˚‘·T\ MT<äT>± C≤rj·T nyês¡T¶qT q÷´&Ûç©¢˝À n+~+#·&É+ »]–+~. uÛ$Ñ wü´‘·T˝Ô À Á|üuTÑÛ ‘·« bÕsƒX¡ Ê\\T düeTs¡eú +‘·yTÓ qÆ dü+|üPs¡í e´øÏ‘·Ô« $ø±dü πø+Á<ë\T>± ‘·eT u≤<Ûä´‘·qT ‘êy˚T ìs¡«]Ô+#˚ dü « ‘· + Á‘· kÕe÷õø£ eqs¡ T \T>± s¡ ÷ bı+~+#· ã &Ü\ì Äø±+øÏ<å ë›+. á ø£èwæ˝À uÛ≤>∑kÕ«eTT˝…q’ , ø±uÀ‘·Tqï Á|ü‹ ˇø£ÿ]øÏ e÷ e+<äHê\T. 17

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My Experience in Education Sector - Pradeep Karuturi Former Fellow of "Teach for India" International Antarctic Expidition Participant I worked with Teach For India as a fellow in a government primary school at Banjara Hills road number 12. I taught 70 grade 5 kids. My objective for my classroom is to make the kids experience the world and let them choose what they like and develop themselves as student leaders.

Initially, I tried to understand the students, their hobbies and their families. It’s not that easy to handle a school of 600 students where there are only three government teachers who take turns to come to school, but I felt it’s my opportunity to do something to bring them some light.

After my analysis for first few weeks, I found that their thinking capabilities, access and exposure should be increased. I set some targets initially and worked on it. I invited various professionals like IPS officer, journalist, doctor, entrepreneurs and made the kids interact with them.

I mentored a project by name Design For Change where we got selected as one of the best projects in the country and were invited to Gujarat for a ceremony. Students were able to solve a 6 year old problem of garbage bin where authorities failed to solve.

They took 21 days to solve this and in the process they evolved themselves as I CAN super powers.

You can find their project here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yQgJ_kezMqc I4 Farmers campaign: Kids wrote letters to Farmers supporting I4Farmers campaign. In this campaign, they worked as teams and came up different thoughts about farmers and their work and showed it in the form of an essay, pictures and clay models and presented.

Letters to 26/11 Martyrs: Kids have written letters to the families of 26/11 Mumbai attacks martyrs showing them support , In doing so they learned about the greatness of soldiers and got connected to them .

Take an Initial Test: We need to assess the students in reading, writing, speaking and maths before we start teaching so that we can set targets of how much we want to improve the classroom average for next one year.

It will help you understand where the kids are low and where you need to work more because teaching and children’s performance is a collective action of teacher and student.

Connect with Community & Parents Being an unstable community and most of the parents being daily labor. It’s very important to connect with the parents because whatever we teach in the school will amplify if parents also show interest in students learning.

I did community visit especially to the students who are not active in the classrooms to understand the place where they are coming from .We spend hours with parents not just about school but also to understand their livelihood and create strong bond with them I identified a significant change in Student’s attitude after this bond with parents. I suggest don’t talk negative about kids with their parents Always try to spread the good things.

Lesson Planning I suggest doing lesson plans in advance 5 E model Engage, Explore, Explain, Extend (or Elaborate), and Evaluate helped me a lot to keep the classroom engaged.

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Student Leadership Student Leadership is a key aspect in which students are trained to become leaders and spread their learning and drive their classroom.

This concept works effectively where there is teacher a shortage. If we train some kids and give them leadership skills, they will manage the classroom and make the school environment productive.

In my classroom, there are six team leaders who will take care of the class and keep engaged when I go to other classrooms. They come up with new things and keep classroom engaged.

So We graded them into different levels level 0 to level 6 based on their initial exam and for level o we give them an exam of level 1 and teach them to reach level 1 same for level 3.

I suggest especially for primary classrooms teach them not to the grade level but their levels of comprehension.

I feel it’s high time that the education system in India gets strong reforms to improve the quality of learning. The baseline of judging a student by ranks or marks should be changed. Learning should be self it should not be forced.

Reading Comprehension Levels: Every student in the classroom doesnot have same Reading Comprehension level . It’s difficult for them to answer a grade 5 paper if they can’t write 10 two letter words.

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Government Teachers should be accountable for their classrooms performance. Their salaries can be linked to the student’s performance to increase the seriousness in them.

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23

Logical Indian - Suresh Ediga i4 Farmers I’ve two full time jobs. One I work for myself and my family. The other I work for the society. Both are my day jobs and my weekend jobs. I think whatever little I’m doing and I can do much less than those who work multiple jobs day in and day out just to make ends meet.

The only difference between me and them is the opportunities I had access to and the opportunities that they were denied. All I’m attempting to do is help create those opportunities.

1. How did you come to be engaged in social causes?

Ans: I think the question should be, why shouldn’t I/ we be engaged in social causes. We see the everyday problems of everyday people in our everyday lives. For e.g. On our way to work to office, we see govt. school buildings which don’t have proper walls, proper classrooms or even proper toilets. How can this be not our problem when we very proudly say that today’s kids are our tomorrows future, so how can we not take care of our future? And our education, is not just because of our parents and the educational institutes, but also because of the society we live in. So at the least, we ought to use our education for our society.

This thought process led me to do get involved with the causes.

2. How do you make time for this?

Ans: Its all in a day’s work. Similar to how we go to work, we take care of our kids on a daily basis, I just make this part of my daily life and make an attempt to spend at least 2-3 hours everyday. Once it becomes part of everyday Uvincy, then it doesn’t feel like I’m making an extra effort to find time. More over it doesn’t have to be 2-3 hours everyday, it can be whatever possible on a frequent basis. This has to be done as our responsibility and not as a charity. That’s the key. It’s not us and them, it’s us. How can we all work towards a better life for everyone and a better future for everyone? Although it may sound ominous, it’s actually doing the small things.

For e.g. when we celebrate birthdays we can gift someone the gift of vision by sponsoring eye operations or keep aside this money to sponsor education for a 24

kid. So we make our responsibility towards the society as our everyday responsibility and the ideas and the time on how to engage with the society will come much easier.

3. Considering that your work is focused in india, how did you work out ways to spend your resources?

Ans: Yes, my volunteering is mostly focused in India.

That’s simply because I’m familiar with the situation on the ground, at least to a certain extent. I do involve locally here in New Jersey as well, whenever possible.

My resources are mostly time, effort and a bit of money as well. The good news is that people on the ground, especially the youngsters these days are socially very active and willing to work on the ground. In all these years of volunteering (15 years), I’ve managed to build some contacts in various areas such as agriculture, weaving, rural innovations, education, campaigns, research, etc. So whenever there is a cause I get involved with, I usually work with the people on the ground and that’s one way to know definitely that the resources spent will be utilized in the proper way.

So thanks to the ground teams for helping with all the activities.

4. How sustainable is community work when you are away from the area of implementation?

Ans: This is a very interesting question. When I work on the causes, I don’t necessarily think about whether the efforts will yield favorable results. But at the same time, i do go with some plan of action for the immediate future. Sometimes things work out and loud to in sustainable action and sometimes they don’t in which case they become good learning lessons for future engagements.

Below are some projects which had some lasting impact

•

The pochampalli weavers project was a four year project which was showing great results

•

The farmers related projects in Kadapa, Adilabad, which have been continuing for multiple years.

•

Building toilets in schools or building reverse osmosis plants for drinking water problems

•

Analyzing govt. Data and raising important questions concerning the public welfare programs.

•

The calling campaign for RTI was a very successful campaign

•

Fixing issues for the rural or tribal India using the medium of internet

More over some of the projects which are short term but are still critical

• • •

Providing immediate relief to farmer suicide victims Providing financial help for medical treatment Flood relief efforts

5. What are the main issues you have identified in the social sector in India today? Where are the gaps?

Ans: Unfortunately the answer to this question hasn’t changed even after Six decades of Independence. The main issues are still concerning the basic rights i.e. the Roti, Kapda aur Makaan, basic health and education.

It’s not like the govts haven’t been making efforts to address these issues, there are hundreds and hundreds of policies and provisions. The gaps are in implementation, maintaining transparency and being accountable. We the citizens have certain tools to ensure this such as RTI, Citizens Charter, etc but these are again after the fact. There is one simple solution to address all these - that is to digitize everything. For a country that is seen as the destination for all the big IT companies, it’s unfortunate that our Governments have not done enough to digitize all the information and make all the policies, their implementations readily available on the web and make themselves completely transparent.

Think about it - Telangana, for e.g, has the biggest T-Hub to offer software solutions for global companies.

Why can’t we have rural hubs to solve the rural problems. Why should a passport application be faster

but not the compensation for the family of a farmer suicide victim? They have to wait for months and years.

Why should the tribals be driven out of their homes in Chathisgerh and Jharkhand to make way for the big mining companies? What procedures were followed? What environment clearances were obtained? Why can’t all this information be made transparent? Make in India can wait, but I think it’s important to be Transparent India first.

6. What are the monitoring mechanisms evolved by you to keep tabs on how the resources generated by you are utilized?

Ans: Fortunately, I’ve been a volunteer for many years now and over the course of these years have been part of many organizations and have met many individuals, groups on the ground who have been relentless in their pursuit of overall sustainable development. It is through them that most of the projects are executed, so there is a very good relationship and trust established. To add to this, visiting these projects, getting periodic reports, talking to the people on the ground, arranging for conference calls and linking the donors directly 7. What’s your experience in working with organizations in India, working at the ground level?

Ans: I’ve been extremely privileged to work with some great people and great organizations and I’m still learning on how to effectively channel the energy and the efforts. The organizations, however, do need much help on the ground. They have ideas, they have proven solutions but need help scaling, they have volunteers but need to be financially supported to make their efforts more sustainable, they have a wealth of information but need help with digitizing and propagating. Another observation as an outsider is that these organizations if can work collaborate and coordinate more than they can be more effective.

8. After putting in so many years, were you able to formulate a standard operating procedure for NRI's who want to do something in India?

Ans: Simple answer is No. I haven’t been able to formulate things because of the nature of the work.

Every situation is different, every cause is different, every campaign is different and every organization is different.

However, I did learn an important thing in this process, that there are many people (living in India and abroad) 25

who are very sympathetic and in some cases even empathetic and are more than willing to come forward to help. The onus is really to reach out to the people.

So the effort is really on how to reach out, there are so many causes on the ground that need help. Help in terms of time, skill, effort and money.

important for us, the volunteers, to equip ourselves with all the tools such as RTI, access to government data, know and learn about the government policies. These tools will help the interventions can be made sustainable.

9. Did you encounter any typical structural problems such as caste community in carrying out your plans?

Ans: List of projects: https://docs.google.com/ d o c u m e n t / d / 1 p z 2 h i p YppvbdVW23tBpA6q2tl0BvDJxXwtelFS23bs/ edit?usp=sharing

Ans: Not really. Fortunately not in the process of helping and outreach programs. However, I do wish the organizations in the US, especially the Telugu organizations, do more since they are very much capable of doing that. For e.g. They help with the relief efforts of the flood affected villages, they could do more to revive the villages on a more sustainable basis. They celebrate Sankranti, but they don’t celebrate the farmers. When they invite the MLA’s or the MP’s, what is the need to lay a red carpet and do all the felicitations etc. They are meant to serve the people, if anything, this is the best opportunity to question and hold them accountable for the promises they made during the election campaigns. Again, I’m highlighting this only because these organizations are very powerful and have the money and the reach to influence.

10. Did you have to deal with corruption?

Ans: Fortunately, no. Again, this goes back to the people, groups and organizations that I’ve been working with are very dedicated and committed to their causes.

11. What would be your action points for anyone who wants to volunteer in the social sector in India?

Ans: I learnt by just being a volunteer. It opens up so many opportunities for learning that we wouldn’t otherwise get to learn. So just for that, I would strongly recommend volunteering at least for a few years.

In general, though, there are plenty of causes that could use the volunteering help. For e.g. the government schools are in a very bad shape and need help with fixing the toilets, fixing the infrastructure, or even conducting evening schools for the kids. But it’s very 26

12. Details about the projects, goals scope obstacles deliverables and results

The volunteering efforts while help was providing solutions for some of the very difficult problems, for them to be made sustainable and scalable, government intervention is very much necessary. Scaling the solutions is one of the big challenges.

13. How to evolve a network that will have a role and space for online and offline agencies that can work in tandem?

Ans: The Internet and the modern day technologies have helped bridge the distance. There is plenty of potential for online collaboration and coordination. Given the length and breadth of the issues, having a single network will obviously not be practical, but having networks based on causes can certainly one way to bring people with common goals together. These networks can liaison with the people and groups on the ground to work in tandem.

14. How to build a communication bridge between urban individuals and development issues?

Ans: CGNet Swara (CgNetSwara.org) is a great example. They have worked out a way to bring the rural and tribal India to the mainstream using the social media. Their platform is a great way to engage the urban with the rural and tribal India. There is another Chennai based group which encourages people to spend their weekends to help the farmers with their farming activity.

A volunteer organization in Chennai conducts evening schools for students and makes the entire community it’s stakeholders. These are different examples where the urban India can be brought closer to the development issues.

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C…’ ‘Ó\+>±D!

Life Changing Experience in US - Vamsi Machiraju I am Vamsi Machiraju, US returned IT professional, Community Organizer, Lives in Hyderabad, India. I am married, has only child daughter, studying 9th grade in a Government high school, my wife teaches dance to children. I did masterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s degree in computers in 1998. I was an IT professional, worked for top global IT companies for more than 12 years in Indian and US at various positions. Before I returned to India I was Sr Integration Consultant at DISH Networks, Denver, Colorado. In 2013 I quit my IT job returned to India to work fulltime as a social worker.

Now I am in the second phase of my life. I am committed to making life more enjoyable for others.

In the US, I felt a different way of operating societies. I experienced great schools, free rich education for all the children, good opportunities for hardworking people and welcoming, caring, responsible societies. My long stay over there gave are opportunity to learn and reflect on why the conditions were different in India, why people are suffering from many complex social problems and what could be done to making it a better place like America.

inside of me. I recognized the power of the people and what they can accomplish working together.

As years pass by, I was developing a deeper understanding about myself, about communities and how can I utilize my abilities for better purpose. In my free time, out of curiosity, I used to volunteer, participate in grassroots community organizing groups like faith, broad-based, and political organizations on various issues. My experience in those organizations empowered me in social, community, and spiritual aspects of life. It was a life defining change in me when I saw community building work done by them.

Things I saw, I experienced in US and people stories in India changed the perception of my life.

Local faith based churches are running many service programs to people. They are cultivating caring communities, and offering great counseling services to change the behavior of people or help people to get out of life difficulties. In ISKON Denver, I saw great people living a life with joy, purpose and worshiping the LORD through service.

In 2012 mid-year during the weekends volunteered for President Obama 2012 election campaign. It was a great moving experience. I was surrounded by wonderful people who all believed in his movement. The whole experience of seeing the campaign inner-workings, how they organized communities around local issues, brought out a spark

I realized that the people built great organizations around the world which shaped the better societies.

These organizations forced government for better policies, to establish unemployment insurance, minimum wages, and health, safety, and environmental rules that improved people lives.

In 2013, I quit my job, returned to India with the commitment to work fulltime for the improvement of families and communities. I took hard decision to stand up for something that is more than my money, bigger than my situation and circumstances.

My second phase of life in India In India started the second phase of my life with a lot of questions what would help someone to make permanent life improvements. I read history, because sometimes history will give best solutions for us. Then with the support of my friends, we started an organization to help some way people to use their talents and help them to reach their potential.

As a community organizer the biggest challenge is how to make change happen in the communities. Often we work with less or no pay because finding someone who can pay for the work we are doing is not easy. It takes a lot from me physically emotionally and mentally but the stories of the people like below motivates me to keep working.

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I am angry or upset that poverty and circumstances are preventing young people and children using their God gifted talents. In India communities are facing many problems of failing schools, lack of jobs, poverty wages. The problems exist because of an imbalance of power. If the people who affected by these problems doesn’t act together or speak out, then these problems never are solved. These problems get solved only when people have the power to solve them.

Why our work is Important-People Stories I saw many young women working long hours, often seven days a week, but still they could not make enough money to support their families. Below story is always fresh in my mind, it gets me mad when I think about it.

A young girl was doing multiple jobs like washing clothes or cleaning plates in homes. People treat her as pair hands to do whatever they wanted for as little money as possible. When she got children – She becomes week, lost her strength when she needs money for unexpected needs children health or sick – she starts pleading everyone for the help. She became dependent on the mercy of other people. All the years of hard work did not save any money. She lost her confidence or self-esteem.

Why is she pleading for money-is she lazy? No, she is hard worker than any other women, worked for 10 to 12 hrs. There are millions of stories like this in India working in unorganized jobs lack of proper school education.

How we can help her What would help her? Quality education, developing her skills & self-esteem and providing income generation opportunities to lead a stable life.

Who could help her? A grassroots community organization is needed to reach out communities, listen to their problems, and help them to know their strength and maximize their potential at individual and community level.

About the Organization Information: I am giving the details about what we are doing and how we are impacting people lives. Our community organization “Organizing for the Future” is a change organization.

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We try to change the conditions that affecting people lives. We bring people together for a change in individuals and in society through collective action where individual cannot do it alone.

Our Vision: Every child should get free or affordable quality education and all hardworking families should receive opportunities to reach a better lifestyle.

We work for the development of women and children. In above one year we impacted more than 500 families in Hyderabad through our following community development programs.

Our Goals: for next 2 years is generating employment for 100 local women phase wise through a community owned enterprise. It is a social business where we share most of the profits with the hard working women. It is cause driven to solve social problems rather than profit driven. Also, train & develop 200 parents to participate fully in the community for the improvements of schools.

For Women development In a society hardworking people should have good opportunities to get ahead in their life irrespective of their social status. Nation building starts with empowered individuals. Empowering women has a huge ripple effect on the entire community. Empowered ladies will bring change in their family and in the world.

Women Empowerment Programs: We are organizing 3 to 5 months women empowerment workshops in low-income areas. We empower them in all spheres of life at the individual level, family level, and community level. We train them on vocational skills, develop their individuality, provide knowledge, entrepreneurship ideas and motivate them to take the ownership of their community issues.

For Children Development Our education system is failing. Children are receiving poor quality government education, and also every year thousands of children dropping out of school.

One of the root causes is schools are disconnected from communities. Research studies revealing that parent’s disengagement in schools and disempowerment of communities is the key reason for education system failure.

Parent Mentoring Program for quality education: This program is to create knowledgeable, skilled and trained parents to handle the school issues effectively. The objective of this program is to bring marginalized parents to schools and developing parents as role models for their children and introducing them to potential leadership opportunities in the school and the community.

Putting my daughter in Government School I try to be led by example. Putting my daughter into Government school is a commitment to my dream for social justice. General public lost confidence in government schools. I am upset when I saw hardworking families spend the significant amount of hard earn money on their children education. Those reasons forced me to put my daughter in a government school and encourage others parents also with the active participation for the improvement of schools.

Our strategy for change: Community Organizing: One important aspect of community organizing is bringing people together and starts conversations around the pressing issues in communities. We believe conversations & relations will change the people mindsets.

A historical account of community organization is not available in India. But the history of community organizing in the United States produced a significant number of leaders from grassroots. Many have described America as â&#x20AC;&#x153;a nation of organizers in 19th and early 20th century. In India with great urgency we need professional community organizers; we need grassroots leaders â&#x20AC;&#x201D;for social justice, for democracy, and for effective problem-solving.

Final word Our goal is too big to reach on my own, I canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t do it alone I request you to join your hands with me to create better future for our children. In 50 years from now only one thing matters are what kind of world we are leaving for our children. Let our generation be part of the solution for the critical problems facing right now.

My Thanks My heartfelt thanks are to Ravi Mayreddy Garu from Dial your village NRI group, for giving me opportunity to share my story with wider audience. He understood my destiny and assignment, connecting me with the right people and providing resource to grow.

Please see our work at below FB link See our work @ https://www.facebook.com/ OrganizingfortheFuture You can reach me on mobile: 91-9618963305, Email: vamsi.sarma@gmail.com.

India needs community organizers

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PTA Activities mma a k u Bath

Telangana Night

Spelling Bee Volleyball Tournament

Support in our Farm g ers

Supporting women @Vamshi

Adopting Kids Janaki and Madhav

With Madireddy Srinivas Reddy Garu

Volunteer@JRA 32

Spelling Bee

‘Ó\+>±D neTs¡Ms¡T\≈£î CÀVü‰s¡T¢

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H˚qT >=|üŒ ÄX¯‘√ m+‘√ Äq+<ä+‘√ u≤<Ûä´‘·‘√ ≈£L&Ü á e÷≥\T MT‘√ |ü+#·T≈£î+≥THêïqT. ‘Ó\+>±D sêø£&˚ nìï+{Ï˙ düeT÷\+>± e÷πsà ìsêàD+. n<˚ düVü≤»yÓTÆq j·÷øϺ$»+. n~ »]–+~. <ë+‘√ eTT&ç|ü&ç $T>∑‘êe˙ï »s¡T>∑T‘·÷ ñHêïsTT, Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉT eTqTwüß\T, dü+dü\ú ÷ n˙ï ≈£L&Ü ‘·eT düVü≤»yÓTÆq ø±sê´#·s¡D qT+∫ u…’≥≈£î e∫à yÓ’j·TTøÏÔø£+>± ã‘·ø£&É+ yÓTT<ä˝…’+~. n~ »s¡T>∑T‘·T+~. Ç+ø± Ç+ø± »s¡T>∑T‘·T+~. n≥T ‘·sê«‘· eTq≈£î ‘Ó\+>±D m≥¢sTT‘˚ Ä+Á<Ûë qT+∫ y˚s¡T |ü&ç+<√ eTq <ä>∑Zsê düVü≤»eT÷ ndüVü≤»eT÷... Á|üø£ r $ø£ r y˚s¡T>± ‘˚≥‘Ó\¢+ ne⁄‘·T+~. n~ düVü≤»yÓTÆq Á|üÁøÏj·T nì >∑qTø£ eTq+ n+^ø£]ùdÔ Çø£ $eTsêÙ dü~«eTsêÙ Ç+ø± @MT ñ+&É<äT ≈£L&Ü. @sêŒf…Æq ‘Ó\+>±DH˚ y˚sêŒ≥T eTqTwüß\qT @sêŒ≥T #˚dæ >∑T]Ô+|ü #˚düTÔ+~. uÛÑj·T+ nø£ÿπs¢<äT. eTπs+ #˚j·÷*? nqï~ Á|üX¯ï. ìC≤ìøÏ @MT #˚j·Tqedüs¡+ ˝Òì dæ‹ú Ç~. n<˚ |üì. ne⁄qT. ø=‘·>Ô ± @MT nø£ÿsπ <¢ Tä . MT |üì MTs¡T ì•Ã+‘·>± ìs¡“¤j·T+>± #˚düT≈£îb˛e&Éy˚T, ‘Ó\+>±D Ø‹ ]yêE˝À. ne⁄qT. eTq dü+düÿ ‹ì, dü+Á|ü<ëj·÷\qT >∑eTq+˝ÀøÏ rdüT≈£î+≥÷ eTq Jeqdüs¡[øÏ nqTe⁄>± ñ+&˚ |ü<ä∆‘·T\qT bÕ{Ïdü÷Ô kÕe÷q´+>± J$dü÷Ô $ø£dæ+#ê*. ‘Ó\+>±D Ç‹e ‘·Ô+ @$T{À n<˚ #˚j·÷*. ª•Ksê\T>± m<ä>&∑ +É ø±<äT, yÓT<Æ ëHê\T>± $dü]Ô +#ê*µ nì Hê ‘êC≤ |ü⁄døÔü +£ ˝À sêdæq≥Tº eTqTwüß\T düTK dü+‘√cÕ\‘√ ‘·eT<Óq’ |üì‘√ ‘Ó\+>±DqT |ü{wÏ +ºü #˚j÷· *. ‘Ó\+>±D ã‘·T≈£î ã‘·ø£&ÜìøÏ |üPìø£ eVæ≤+#ê*. ìsê&É+ãs¡+>± ìX¯Ùã›+>± ˙ ã‘·T≈£îqT qTe⁄« ã‹øÏ Äq+~+#ê*. q\T>∑T] ø£+{À¢ |ü&≈É î£ +&Ü q\T>∑Ts¡÷ y˚˝‹… Ô #·÷|ü≈î£ +&Ü ‘·eT<Óq’ k˛sTT‘√ ã‹øÏ‘˚ n+‘˚ #ê\T. nsTT‘˚ Ç<˚ ô|<ä› yê´dü+ ne⁄‘·T+~. $e]ùdÔ. ø±˙, Ä˝À∫+#·eTì ø√s¡T‘·THêïqT.

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‘Ó\+>±D _&ɶ\T>± ã‘·ø£eTì #Ó|üŒ≈£H˚ #ÓãT‘·THêïqì >∑T]Ô+#êsê?

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<∏ë+ø˘‡. \eP´ yÓTÆ Áã<äsY‡ n+&é dædüºsY‡. Á|òü+ yÓTÆdæ{° n+&é yÓTÆ ùdº{Ÿ ø£+<äT≈£L] s¡yT˚ wt u≤ãT ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é, ‘Ó\+>±D. (yê´düø£s¡Ô bÕÁ‹πøj·TT&ÉT, #Ûêj·÷ ∫Á‘·ø±s¡T&ÉT. á yÓTsTT˝Ÿ kandukurirameshbabu@gmail.com)

35

Advantage-Mahabubnagar Dr. T. K. Sreedevi I.A.S Collector & District Magistrate Mahabubnagar

It is a narrative of my day to day challenges in administrating the largest district in the new State of Telangana.

Mahabubnagar is endowed with three rivers and a huge landmass. It has 170 Kms long National Highway connecting Hyderabad, Bengaluru. It has two deemed highways: (Srisailam Road, Raichur Road) adding to the connectivity and road network.

There are three Railway Junctions, one at Krishna connects Mumbai and Chennai double line and other two at Gadwal & Devarakadra. It’s proximity to Rajiv Gandhi International Airport adds to its Strategic advantage. Affordable land prices and availability of human resources make it ideal for Industry. With Telangana Water Grid project (Mission Bhageerata) and Irrigation Projects, where 10% of the water resources are earmarked for Industry, it will become the desired destination for Industrial Investments. Also, the district is bountiful in Agricultural surpluses in Maize, Peanuts, Paddy, Cotton seed. Its proximity to the city and its soil endowment makes this district amenable to horticulture, especially the Fruit bearing trees, vegetables, and Floriculture. Fifth Shakthipeetam (Jogulamba) and Jogulamba Bala Brahmeshwara Swamy temple is situated in Alampur.

Despite such strategic advantage, this district is always perceived as “backward”. To undo the long neglect, we tried to usher in MSME growth in the district by adding value to our produce and natural resources.

“Advantage – Mahabubnagar” is a directory where we made a humble effort to map the resources and to attract investments in the district. Our endeavor is to transform the so-called poor district to a hub for wealth creation.

Our Investors’ Meet on June 19, 2015, attracted an investment of Rs.694 Crores. Three of them are grounded already through our mentoring and TS-iPASS Policy framework.

Lack of knowledge is restraining the hardworking farming community from receiving the benefits 36

of economic growth and development. Hence, education is of paramount importance to this district.

We followed it up with Awareness campaigns in Agriculture, Horticulture, Fisheries, and Animal Husbandry Sectors. Our objective was to promote entrepreneurship in Food Processing Industry. The presanction apprehensions of NABARD to sanction Food Park was clarified by the district administration and ushered the confidence of the investors.

Human Resources Mapping: In order to plan for skill development, we mapped the Human Resources. Three years data revealed that 128,000 passed out of SSC and only 43000 joined Intermediate! There was a drop out of 66%. Then, only around 25000 continued with Graduation. Out of those 12000 did teachers training or B Ed. Finally only 531 did Post Graduation. This was very revealing statistics.

It showed that there was scare awareness on the importance of Education amongst the population. Also, aspirations were low.

Spoorthy Program to instill confidence & aspiration in youth : During interaction with Youth, it was felt that they are lacking in aspirations. Most of the College going kids end up aspiring for becoming either police constables or teachers. To harness the presence of those who made big in life from here, an experience sharing seminar was conducted at Pillamarri on 9th May 2015 Almost 50 Resources persons shared their experiences with students of Palamuru University and Degree College Students.

Skill development career counseling and Employment opportunities in Mahabubnagar District The district is very rich in mineral resources which include quartz, feldspar, limestone, steatite, barytes, stone metal.

It is Horticulture hub of Telangana with an extent of 1.08 lakhs Ha. Mango, Sweet Orange, Pomegranate, Guava, Sapota. Tomato, Okra, Green Chilies, Onion, Brinjal, etc., and Jasmine, Rose, Crossandra are grown in the district.

There is lot of scope of Agro, processing industries such as Ethanol bio fuel, Corn flakes, etc., from maize, castor, Groundnut and Bengal gram etc., There is tremendous potential for establishing dairy units to manufacture products like Butter, Ghee, Paneer, Kova.

There are 7 Solar power plants nearly 50 megawatt power.

The Industrial clusters are based at Kothur, Mahabubnagar, IDA Palem, Jadcherla & Gadwal.

Industrial giants like Cogent glass Ltd, Aurobindo Pharma, MyLan, Sibelco International, Krishnaveni Sugars, Procter & Gamble Home products Ltd, Johnson & Johnson, have there presence.

With the above industrial endowment job opportunities are abundant in the district. But most of the times, our students are unable to seize time job opportunities. It is observed during interaction with students that, they need a lot of exposure to higher levels of education, enhancement of skills (Spoken English, Computers, soft skills, etc.) to make them employable.

Coordination between school education, Higher education, Technical Education, Labor, and Employment, Industries departments can create large number of employable youth and establish new units for the overall development of the district.

Education Development: To harness the potential in the district and to catapult the youth into the trajectory of growth, a focus is given to Education. An Education Advisory Committee is put in place in the district to look into all levels of education consisting of academicians, NGOs, University Representatives as members. Numerous activities are taken in Education development in the district. We firmly believe Education will enhance the

capacities of impoverished district to receive and utilize the benefits of developmental initiatives.

Subject Plus: One-day Seminar was organized for Maths and English teachers (1400) where Mahatria Ra from Infinitheism addressed them and appealed to optimize their potential as teachers so that Good that is generated creates a bounty for the students to bask in and enjoy the joys of learning. This was followed by Teacher Plus where Head Masters were taken through a one day orientation and motivational sessions.

Prerna Classes: Fear of exams in SSC students is allayed through Prerna classes. One day special class were conducted where students were given tips in answering questions and encouraged to take exams with equanimity and calm.

Numbers of such camps were conducted in the District.

Inspire: Scientific temper in students is evoked and nurtured through Science Fairs and simple low cost experiments. Large number of students enthusiastically the participated in Division â&#x20AC;&#x201C; level Science Fairs.

School Festivals and Alumni Meets: To match the spirit of the people to nurture and develop the schools, Alumni Meets are conducted.

Social grants are solicited for promoting IT education and Science Laboratories in the Schools. A matching grant not exceeding one lakh is given from my side.

Smart Classes for Government School: This is at the seed level in our district with the objective to overcome the shortage of teachers and maintain standards of teaching. Head Masters were given a call to spare Rs 40000 from their maintenance grants and I paired it with Rs. 85000 to enable webbased SMART boards in all the schools that evinced interest.

Out of School children to be brought to School: The reasons for out of school children are diagnosed as follows: Parents find more remuneration by sending their children to work rather than to school 37

to mitigate economic constraints or they don’t find value in education or the Schools are not attractive enough to draw the attention of the parents or seasonal migration.

To overcome these factors languishing School education Subject Forums are encouraged to intervene and make learning practical and increase the ease of learning; Collaboration with NGOs is fostered to reduce Child labour and promote education; Special Task Force teams are constituted to release Child labour and also, avert child marriages. Convergence of Woman and Child Welfare, Health, Education Department and NGOs are synergized for promoting Education in our district.

Career Counseling is given to all Junior and Degree Students along with establishing Study Circles to enhance Job employability and capacities to face competitive exams.

Mission Bhageeratha demands huge workforce of electrical mechanics, fitters, and welders. A tieup with Polytechnic colleges was done in the district to identify the students passed out in last 3 years, a 2-day training was imparted and absorbed for Work. Likewise, the L&T Academy in Jadcherla Green Industrial Park was leveraged to train the construction workers and get placements. Holistic efforts are made to enhance various dimensions of human resources development in the district.

Midday Meal for Degree Students: The scorching summer and drought situation in the district compelled degree students to go back home in the afternoon because they came to colleges’ with empty stomach. I provided midday meal to 16000 students of all degree college students with a whopping cost of 80 lakhs.

Akshay Patra was the chosen conduit for this purpose.

This gesture not only increased the attendance but also received a commendation.

Scope for Handloom Industry: Gadwal, Narayanpet and Kothakota sarees have Geographic Identification Certification. There are six clusters viz Gadwal, Narayanpet, Kothakota, Rajoli, Amarachinta etc. which are famous for Silk Sarees.

Pothireddypally, Dudyal of Kosgi area are famous for Tussar Silk and woolen blankets. To benefit from ecommerce our weavers were given an orientation at amazon.in fulfillment centre an Penjerla, Kothur.

38

One day Seminar on ICDS: Sri K.R. Venugopal retired from IAS and nurtures passion for setting things right in Public Services delivery. He delivered Key note Address in the Seminar for 1000 Anganwadi workers.A major cause of infant mortality in India is the low birth weight (LBW) of infants. Maternal malnutrition and anemia are known to be the major causes of low birth results in our country.

Those who survive infancy and childhood grow up to become adults with compromised mental and physical development. The known causes of infant mortality operate to inflict multidimensional damage to human development (emotional disabilities, mental retardation, poor social skills, speech disorders, attention deficits and behavioural difficulties). The overwhelming cause of maternal anemia in India is iron deficiency.

Improving Service Delivery through “ PalleVikasam”: With the objective to Improve quality of Service delivery in villages especially in Health, Nutritional Security (tracking of pregnant woman, nutritional security of adolescent girls, children, lactating mothers, health screening) and to develop Anganwadi Centre as a Play-School and a forum for Convergence of preprimary education, to monitor Right to Employment, preparedness for Harithaharam (Massive Tree Plantation),Mission Kakatiya (Repairs to Minor Irrigation tanks), Drinking water situation, etc. a program by name, Pallevikasam is launched in the district. Every Tuesday mandal level Special Officers with the team of mandal officers visit one or two villages. They convene a meeting at Anganwadi Center and review the registration of pregnant women, the status of antenatal checkups given, Expected date of deliveries and birth planning. This is to identify highrisk patients and increase institutional deliveries. This will bring down maternal deaths and reduce maternal mortality rate and infant mortality rate. They also review pregnant womens’ consumption of Iron and Folic acid tablets to mitigate iron deficiency and anaemia. They, then visit the school, review the reading & writing abilities of children and the midday meal scheme. They monitor implementation of Government programs as per the mandated agenda fixed by District Collector on a weekly basis.

This process is in place since last February (2015) and yielded good results in enhancing Accountability and Transparency, Reducing Information Asymmetry amongst stakeholders and optimizing utilization of Government services . A total of 10515 grievances are received and redressed till date.

Gramajyoti: The objective of Grama Jyothi is to improve the service delivery in core sectors of Education, Health, Natural Resources Management, Infrastructure, etc., It aims at strengthening of the Gram Panchayats, by bringing together the efforts of various departments working at the Gram Panchayat level which are hitherto working independent of one another. Grama Jyothi aims to synergies the developmental activities of the departments by achieving the functional and financial convergence through the preparation of Gram Panchayat Development plans.

As a follow-suit in our district, we embarked on making our villages ODF (Open Defecation Free) as our district is infamous for 93% open defecation.

Statistics revealed that about 40% households have toilets, but only 7% use them. There is a need to reduce the threshold of tolerance for this in the district. We went on a massive campaign mode. Our team of officers enrolled the local representative in this mission and so far we could get 40 gram panchayats on this mode, Ghanpur mandal worked to make itself ODF. Two municipalities, Shadnagar, and Achampet are on the verge of declaring themselves ODF. We recognized their contributions and felicitated them on the Republic Day.

Crucial Balancing funds: Honâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ble Chief Minister of Telangana empowered the District Collectors with 10 Crore rupees to mitigate in those areas where there are no regular schemes but which are crucial to development. These amounts are spent on Braille books for Tenth and Intermediate students, or repairs to storm drains in the maternity ward of Kalwakurthy Hospital, Renovation of Jadcherla Bus stop for Swatch Bharath Mission or Gas cylinders to schools which achieved 100% results in SSC 2015, Matching grant for SMART CLASSES etc., Screening of school children for eye defects and distribution of Spectacles etc.

Child Marriages: The median age of marriage is 16 our district.

Such marriages are an invitation to obstetric risk. This district is wrought with a superstition to marry off their daughter within three years of menarche. We averted 116 child marriages in April 2016 alone. A massive campaign is launched to sensitize parents and village elders and adolescent girls about the adverse consequences of child marriages. ETV and MV Foundation joined hands with us.

Illicit liquor free district: If low literacy rate is one of the main hurdles for development, added to this addiction to alcohol or cheap liquor is another. The situation is so pathetic that even pregnant women consume liquor. Once one medical officer in Nandigama showed me a photograph of a kid, he rescued and admitted in the school so that the child could partake food or else his mother used to feed only cheap liquor to the child. The child at the age of 6 years was like a moron.

Also, I noticed that there were a huge number of children attending health screening which is a requisite for social assistance pensions, many of them reeling with mental disability and slow learners in addition to orthopedic disorders. In order to phantom this menace, we decided to handle illicit brewing of liquor with sternness. The Prohibition and Excise Department with the assistance of Medical Department and Women and Child Welfare Department did a magnificent work in managing withdrawal patients with medical help and counseling. At one point of time, there were as many as 1500 in OP in various hospitals in the district. Also, rehabilitation of illicit liquor offenders was taken up in the district. 624 ID offenders were rehabilitated for alternate livelihood utilizing Crucial Balancing Funds.

On 1-12-2015, the district was declared ID free.

A blood donation camp & meeting with 110 Excise Personnel was done on the occasion.

Collaboration with NGOs : Vandemataram Foundation: 1.

10th Class Examinations Preparation Camps were conducted 39

2.

Aksharavanam (an Educational Research & Training Centre) was inaugurated in

M.V.Foundation :

Kalwakurthy

Eradication of child labour and averting child marriages in Ieeza Mandal.

3.

Little Leaders Training Camp at Aksharavanam on 10th January 2016 :

Pravinya Society :

Vandemataram Foundation organized “Little Leaders” residential training programme for the Orphan/Semi Orphan Students of Govt. Schools from 09-11 January,2016 @ Aksharavanam, Kalwakurthy, Mahabubnagar Dist.

Prajvala Home in Amangal Mandal:

4.

Professional Training on Lab Activities, Methods and Experiments on 10th January 2016 at Aksharavanam :

5.

Mahabubnagar District Level Prathibha Awards - 2015 at Annapurna Gardens,

Mahabubnagar - 30, June – 2015 : For the last eight years Vandemataram Foundation has been felicitating the 10th Class Toppers of Government schools from each district along with their parents and concerned Headmasters.

40

IT - Mediated Curriculum Development for quality education in 142 schools.

Rehabilitation of victims of human trafficking at Amangal.

In conclusion, it is felt that the dream of Bangaru Telangana can be realized only when Mahabubnagar district with 64 mandals, 10 lakh households are also in the position to absorb the developmental initiatives and leverage them to rise above poverty. Mahabubnagar district is an impoverished districts but not a backward district with its’ rich natural endowments and human resources. The inflicted backwardness can be surmounted with on educational and social development coupled with developmental initiatives of Telangana Government.

~«rj·T dü+e‘·‡s¡ ‘Ó\+>±D≤ sêh ne‘·s¡D ~H√‘·‡e X¯óuÛ≤ø±+ø£å\‘√. . .

2016 PHILADELPHIA TELANGANA NIGHT ORGANIZING COMMITTEE + Anita & Ravi Papagari + Bhanu & Rajashekar Thota + Hari Priya & Jayan Nallu + Janaki & Madhava Mosarla + Karuna & Mujeebur Rehman + Kavitha & Pavan Tirunahari + Lakshmi & Raj Mamidi + Leena & Madhav Cheluka + Neeraja & Sudheer Raju + Nirmala & Vijay Baireddy + Rajani & Raja Ankathi + Rajani & Sampath Billakanti + Sharathi & Kamal Nellutla + Smitha & Subash Reddy Karra + Soundarya & Ravi Mayreddy + Sreeveni & Narayan M Reddy + Sunitha & Ramesh Kankati + Satish Sunkanapalli & Family + Anitha & Harikrishna Vangala

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Making Public Data Meaningful - Rakesh Dubbudu, Founder, Factly www.factly.in

Various arms of the central & state government are involved in the collection, generation, and updating of data on multiple issues collected using public funds. Such data should be readily available for citizensâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; consumption. Although individual departments share data for usage by civil society and private sector, there is a need for an open data policy that enables proactive data sharing by every department. This will not only result in greater transparency, but also helps the government in better decision making.

On the lines of the National Data Sharing & Accessibility Policy (NDSAP) of 2012, the Telangana government has evinced interest in formulating a new open data policy for the state. The intent has been mentioned in the new ICT policy that was released recently. This policy would be an enabling provision that provides for the relevant guidelines in sharing open data and its access by various groups. A dedicated data portal for the state will be set-up once the policy is launched.

It has to be understood that open data is contributing significantly to promote transparency in governance. It is also supposed to make public more aware of what the government is doing. This awareness will empower people to advocate/suggest/highlight ways to make things better.

Unfortunately, Government/Public data is like Greek & Latin to most people. Either it is difficult to access or difficult to make sense of. Hence a standardized open data policy will help in sharing data in machine, readable and open formats while making it easier for people to access.

Such data can be used by a variety of stakeholders like journalists, NGOs, activists, designers, researchers and bureaucrats not just to create transparency and accountability, but in making governance better. It also enables improving policies and spins off new projects in governance, industries and organizations.

The governments will immensely benefit by insights into what is happening on the ground. It will help them deploy resources accordingly, prioritize and take necessary corrective action. For private businesses, real time open data will give an opportunity to come up with new product or service ideas. For media & NGOs, it will help them understand the working of various government initiatives and highlight gaps if any.

In this context, Factly that has been working on making government data more meaningful organized a â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Public Data Devthonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; to introduce the possibilities around public data to various stake holders. The two day event included various participants working on five different datasets to come up with meaningful outcomes. About 40 participants worked on five different data sets and the outcomes were presented to Mr. Jayesh Ranjan (IAS), Secretary of the ITE&C department and Mr. Dileep Konatham, Director of Digital Media, Government of Telangana. Few more meetings with relevant departments would be organized to take this work forward.

The detailed event reported can be read here http://www.it.telangana.gov.in/first-public-data-devthon-event-report/

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With The Best Complements from our Supporters Geetha & Raja Voggu Swathi & Madhu Papasani Suresh Bellam & Family Swamy Enjamuri & Family Vikram Arjula & Family Raja Reddy Anugu & Family Partha Pendota & Family Hema & Giridhar Masireddy Neeraja & Shashi Reddy Kiran Kumar Kundarapu & Family Srinivas Kotturu & Family Sreenivas Amirisetti & Family Jyothi & Kiran Jonnala Shirisha & Srinivas Karra Lavanya & Shankar Reddy Ravula Bhargavi & Sridhar Raju Mahali Sunitha & Prashanth Pasupula Madhuri & Narsimha Dasari Sitaram & Family Lavanya & Suresh Bondugula Rajani & Sampath Billakanti Sunitha & Ravi Musuku

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Shramadaan - Gangadhara Tilak Katnam Founder and Chairman Shramadaan Foundation www.Shramadaan.org tilak@shramadaan.org My story is simple - filling the potholes in Hyderabad city since 6 years. I am NOT accepting any donations, but spending my pension and my son is taking care of my family.

If any earning person loses life or become handicapped due to accident, all the people depending on him will become orphans ,if they don’t find any source of income. That thought made me not to stop this activity.

My Bio-data and brief history: My Name : Gangadhara Tilak Katnam DOB: 21st Oct 1948 and completed 67years.

Born in a rich landlord’s family and at the the age of 10th, due to unforeseen circumstances, we became very poor and even practically starved for food in 1961 and 1962.

Born in Yernagudem village , West Godavari dist., Andhra Pradesh. Up to SSLC studied in my village.

Then PUC in CRR college, Eluru. Diploma in electrical Engineering at Tanuku, SMVM Polytechnic.

After completion of polytechnic Exams, with a gap of one day , before the results comes , joined as an attendant in APSEB Electrical Sub station in my own village, for Rs. 90/- , and continued in the same job for six months to help my family .

Then after total one year in that APSEB, worked in Switch Gear Mnfg. Company, Sanathnagar, Hyderabad as Draughtsman From 1971 to June 1973.

June 1973 joined in Railway as Asst. Signal Inspector. Retired as Senior Section Engineer(signal) of South Central Railway in October 2008 .

My self believed that “work is worship” and worked hard to the possible extent. I could not succeed to become a gazetted officer where as many of my batch mates reached up to the posts of Chief Engineers and Deputy Chief Engineers.

Entire service in Vijayawads division and retired at Vijayawada. Served for 35 years, in Sourh Central Railway.

After one year of my the retirement, In Jan 2010, joined as software Design Engineer (consultant) in Infotech Enterprises (India) limited at Manikonda.

(Rs 70,000/- pm ) and settled in Hyderabad. Now it’s name is changed as “ Cyient “ Shramadaan was started in the year 2010, January. Now completed six years and so far filled 1203 potholes.

Started as single man army and filled 550 potholes all alone for two and half years. Then one bye one people started coming to participate in Shramadaan and today thousands of volunteers in Hyderabad particpated. How ever, they are not registered volunteers. They observe my activity and come forward to participate in Shramadaan as per their convenience and go away. I never give a call to any one.)

On 10th July 2014, city based company, 100 bag pipers felicitated me with a Title “True Legend of Hyderabad” V6 TV gave me a title “Doctor of Roads” while covering a news on Shramadaan.

I News TV channel called me as “Saamanyula Lo Asaamaanyudu” Tori Radio interview called me under the title “endaro mahaanubhaavulu’’ (m+<äs√ eTVü‰qTuÛ≤e⁄\T) Brief story and cause for inspiration : Very fist day while I’m going to office in my car , the mud water splashed onto school-going children when my car wheels traveled through potholes which were found filled with rain water. The incident pained me a lot. The next day I purchased 6 trucks load of earth material/ morram and got filled all the potholes (which are about 60 to 70 nos.) in a stretch of 300 47

meters Hydershakote village Road. (spent Rs. 5000/from my pocket) After few weeks, while I’m traveling on Narsing Road from Langarhouse, one accident took place due to pothole , where a biker is trying to avoid a pothole, a car hit him and the young biker lost his both limbs and caused serious head injuries .

On the spot, I tried to tell Police, that the accident is due to pothole and requested them to prevent another accident by writing about the same in FIR and to inform the concerned GHMC/ PWD Engineers to ensure proper fixing of pothole. Police are not in a position to listen to me.

After few days another accident occurred at same road, where one RTC bus hit one auto and one person died on the spot and two persons were injured very seriously.

Then I felt that if some one had filled the pothole, the next following accident could have been avoided.

Again when I tried to tell the police that the accident is due to pothole, they are not at all caring to listen my words.

By seeing the situation, my mind is surrounded with several thoughts .I panicked and felt omitting sensation and something stared twisting in my stomach.

Felt Giddiness with many thoughts surrounded me: 1: He may be the only earning person of that family and what about their fate now.? (I know it , if the earning member of family dies or becomes disabled to earn, that family members becomes orphans in due course, after few years) 2: Can any one of us bring back the life which was lost already?

3: Can we control the sorrowness of the old aged parents? (The old aged parents might have spent all the money whatever that they earned in their life time.

They need physical and financial support at this age as they can’t move and work to earn) 4: What about the fate of his wife? Can any one of us control her sorrow ? (even if we succeed in due time to convince her for another marriage, can any one of us imagine her lifelong humiliation and guilty feelings for none of her mistake?

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5: What about the fate of his little innocent kids and how the mother can answer them if they ask “why daddy is late today to come back from office”...?

Then I filled that pothole then and there by utilizing the material (old road removed tar lumps) which is found by side of the road to prevent another accident there.

It settled well in no time while the vehicles moved over it. I got it convinced that I can do that job with a little struggle and prevent many accidents which are caused by potholes.

Kept some spare empty gunny bags in my car and got collecting and filled them with tar lumps which are available on foot paths and while traveling in our city I started filing potholes. And regularly did it on the week ends. Even some times I was skipping my lunch to go and fill the potholes while working as software Engineer.

By witnessing more and more accidents by me and also seen in news papers, I could not sit and concentrate there on my job and finally left that software job after one and half year, where I was getting Rs.70,000/- pm. My friends who joined along with me are now continuing there in the jobs and getting salaries of one to two lakhs per month .

Quit the job on 31st July 2011, and started doing pothole filling as a regular job, with the following thoughts in my mind: “By working in that software company for 30 days, if I give all the hard earned money of that 30 days to the victims of that family, it will not be sufficient to support them. But in 30 days I can fill more than 30 potholes and I can save many families’’.

In the beginning , I was collecting material from road side foot paths. When the road side tar lumps (gravel mixed bitumen) are exhausted in my vicinity, on the foot paths, I started purchasing material from road contractors.

After one year of my quitting job , my financial condition became bad and became defaulter of my insurance policies. When I am spending all my hard earned money and working in hot Sun, my wife reported to my son who is working in USA. He came all the way suddenly in the month of June 2012 to prevent me in doing this work.

During his visit, (with an intension and predetermination of stopping me in doing this pothole filing work) he accompanied me while I’m going for filing potholes. he also witnessed one accident in front of DLF, Gachi Bowli and he got convinced with my work and changed his thinking and started supporting me financially by sending more money.

I’m spending all my pension money where as my son is looking after us and fully supporting us. Now wife and all my family members are also participating in Shramadaan.

In the month of June 2012, when the matter is seriously discussed by my son with the then GHMC commissioner, Mr. Krishna Babu, he tried to convince me, to stop this work. And when I’m not prepared to stop it, he told me that he will support me by supplying the required material.

And from June 2012 we were getting material from GHMC when ever we ask them.

For two and half years, I was alone filling pothole and not got discouraged. After two and half years, when I started posting in Face book, (on the advise of my son) one by one person came forward and started participating in Shramadaan, now the volunteers are in thousands (not registered volunteers).

Shramadaan was Registers as NGO(NPO) in June 2013. I’m not accepting any donations from others.

My pension money and the money earned while working in that software company completely spending for this purpose.

I will go on doing this work till it draw the attention of our politicians. If they come forward to consider my suggestions to implement, we can ensure “pothole free “roads In our entire Nation.

To implement my suggestions, additional funds/ money is not required ,rather it will save few thousands of Crores of Indian Rupees nation wide in every year and that money can be better utilized for good projects which will provide food to starving people and job to unemployed youth and we can prevent sucides of formers.

If Modi ji or KCR Govt gives me powers (not required salary or consulting fee), I can demonstrate it

at Hyderabad, my home city, and after watching its fruitful results, the same can be implemented in other cities, Towns and villages of our Nation.

Without mentioning a single word about corruption, we can control it in many departments just by introducing a system. In our Nation all are wasting most of valuable time in talking about “black money “ and to get it back. But in our Nation, in each and every month, 10 times of such (quantity of) money is being looted in front of our eyes. Quite possible to control it, just by implementing few simple procedures.

Myself just keep the money sufficient for eating and spending the remaining money for society/poor as I know the pain of starving stomach . My family (we) practically starved for food from 1960 to 1962 and I know many days where my parents filled their stomach with water as their lunches/ dinners.

In our Indian families, if one person is earning , there will be many people depending on the earnings of that single person . If some thing goes wrong to that earning member of that family, then all depending people will become orphans, if they don’t find a way to earn money.

By filling potholes, I am able to prevent many accidents and indirectly ensuring to control the increasing number of orphans.

There are several ways of criticism from few public and relatives and I’m not worried for it as I’m fully aware and very happy of what I’m doing.

Now there are many followers of my ideology and many people started doing “Shramadaan’’ to develop their own villages.

Actually , there are many good people in our society around us. Most of them are afraid of the criticism while they start to do some thing good. If someone starts doing some good work , many people are coming forward and joining. Good change is quite possible in our country.

Swachch Bharat is very good concept, but many flaws in its implementation. Those can be rectified very easily, if the facts are taken to the notice of right person.

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Journey through High School - Sameer Sheik (sam9749@gmail.com) 12th Grade, Souderton Area High School

“The journey of a thousand miles begins with one step” - Lao Tzu. This single statement has the ability to to motivate those who are apprehensive about what to do and how to do it. My high school experience began a bit differently than most because I had just moved and I didn’t know a single person at Souderton. It was a long, four-year journey, packed with all sorts of activities from course selection, clubs, standardized tests, advanced placement courses, college essays, sports, and many others. Moving right before high school absolutely terrified me, but if someone had told me what I would accomplish by the end of my senior year, I don’t think I would have believed them. High school has been a remarkable journey in which many lessons have been learned and many great memories made.

The course selection process was always a hectic one and it took many attempts to get the perfect schedule. I later realized that I had gone overboard in my sophomore and junior years, which gave me a few mistakes to learn from. In high school there is a sea of clubs to join, and I personally got involved in clubs like National Honor Society (NHS), Future Business Leaders of America (FBLA), Students Against Violating Earth (SAVE) as well as many more. I have managed to step up to officer positions in those three clubs by my senior year simply because of my continuous efforts to help the clubs and my community. While managing all of these clubs, I also had to focus on school, college applications, and golf. With such a busy schedule, time management has become an unfortunate friend of mine.

One of the more unique things I’ve done in high school was starting a Youth Committee Chapter for the Support Organization For Kids in Need (SOFKIN) here in the Philadelphia area. The Youth Committee Chapter started in April 2014 to help the

underprivileged children of India in a real way, simply by setting up stalls at local cultural community events and selling cookies to spread awareness. Such a small idea has allowed us to raise over $5500 within the past two years. I was thrilled to see that the youth committee had grown significantly by the last TAGDV Ugadi event in which there were over fifteen kids helping out at the SOFKIN stall. My favorite part of this youth committee is the friendships that were made between the members from different school districts and various family backgrounds.

I also participated in TAGDV youth activities for the last four years which allowed me to make many new friends and build relationships that I can carry forward through college and life. We have organized many different dances and events, our largest being the TAGDV Youth Sports Day which allowed us to raise a significant amount of money which we donated to the American Cancer Society and SOFKIN. One of the more troublesome parts of my high school experience was the many standardized tests that everyone needs to take. I often hear the phrase “Hard work is the only way to success”, however I always ended up ignoring that and trying to find the easy way out, or as I liked to call it, “working smarter.”

Unfortunately for me there was no easy way out. Hard work is really the only option for standardized tests, but it was worth all the extra effort because in the end I was truly content with my scores.

High school gives you the chance to challenge yourself and become the person you want to be, but at the same time, there is always a limit. Pushing yourself beyond your abilities and trying to handle more than you really can, will only hurt you in the end. Although I made a few, or actually numerous, mistakes, at the end of the day I learned from those mistakes. I believe this is more beneficial, because learning from mistakes sooner rather than later will help you to better understand yourself and your abilities. One of the quotes I lived by during high school was “I never lose. I either win or I learn.” Make sure to make the most of every moment, because high school flies and each year is only one step closer to the start of your real life.

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Bathukamma Festival - Tanav Thota 6th Grade , Gwyn nor Elementary School, Lansdale,PA.

Bathukamma is a colourful and vibrant festival of Telangana and celebrated by women, with flowers that grow exclusively in each region. This festival is a symbol of Telangana’s cultural identity.Bathukamma comes during the latter half of monsoon, before the onset of winter. The monsoon rains usually brings plenty of water into the fresh water ponds of Telangana and it is also the time when wild flowers bloom in various vibrant colors all across the uncultivated and barren plains of the region. The most abundant of these are the ‘gunuka poolu’ and ‘tangedu poolu’. There are other flowers too like the banti, chemanti, nandi-vardhanam etc.

Bathukamma is celebrated by the women folk of Telangana, heralding the beauty of nature in vibrant colors of multitudinous flowers.

After playing in circles around the “Batukammalu”, before the onset of dusk, the women folk carry them on their heads and move as a procession towards a bigger water body near the village or town.

The procession is extremely colourful with the women and the “Batukammalu”. Songs of folklore are sung in chorus throughout the procession and the streets resonate with them. Finally, when they reach the water pond, the “Batukammalu” are slowly immersed into water after some more playing and singing. Then, women share the ‘maleeda’ (a dessert made with sugar or raw sugar and corn bread) sweets amongst the family members and neighborhood folks. They return to their homes with empty “Staambaalam” singing songs in praise of Batukamma. The songs of Batukamma echo in the streets until late night during the entire week.

The festival begins a week before the grand ‘Saddula Batukamma’ (the grand finale of the Batukamma festival) which falls two days before Dussehra. The women folk normally get back to their parent’s home from their in-laws to celebrate the colors of flowers. For one complete week, they make small ‘Batukammas’, play around them every evening and immerse them in a nearby water pond. On the last day, the men folk of the house go into the wild plains and gather the flowers like gunuka and tangedu. They bring home bagfuls of these flowers and the entire household sits down to make the big ‘Batukamma’. The flowers are carefully arranged row after row in a brass plate (called Staambalam) in circular rows and in alternate colors. As evening approaches, the women folk dress colourfully with the best of their attire and adorn ornaments and place the Batukamma in their courtyard.

The women of neighborhood also gather in a large circle around it. They start singing songs by circling it repeatedly, building a beautiful human circle of unity, love, sisterhood.

Batukamma celebrates the inherent relationship between earth, water and the human beings. During the entire preceding week, women make ‘boddemma’ (a deity of Gowri – mother Durga – made with earthly mud) along with Batukamma and immerse it in the pond.

This helps reinforce the ponds and helps it retain more water. The flowers used in Batukamma have a great quality of purifying water and such flowers when immersed in abundance into the pond have the effect of cleansing the water and making the environment much better. In times, where the fresh water ponds are gradually diminishing and dwindling away, it is indeed a pride of Telangana that its womenfolk (with mostly agrarian background) inherently know how to make them better by celebrating the beauty of nature. It is something we indeed have to feel proud of. The festival heralds the beauty of nature, collective spirit of Telangana people, the indomitable spirit of women folks and also the scientific approach of the agrarian people towards preserving the resources of nature in a celebrative way. Hence, Bathukamma is the icon of cultural identity of Telangana.

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Me, Myself and I - Swetha Kalyankar th

8 grade, Beverly Hills Middle School Upper Darby, PA-19082

Hi everybody, My name is Swetha Kalyankar living in Philadelphia, USA. Originally we are from Hyderabad, India. I was born in 2002 in Mercy Wellness Center Hospital, Lansdowne, right behind my apartments. Whenever we go across the hospital, I feel happy to see it. The first day care I went was YMCA in Lansdowne area. I had a lot of fun and love all my teachers and friends. My mom and dad are scientists and busy doing research in their laboratories. I used to be a good story teller in my day care or even in the home. During bed time, my mom and dad used to hear my stories rather they telling stories. It’s a fun!

I love Bollywood, Tollywood and Animated movies. At present, I am studying in Beverly Hills middle school. I play softball and volley ball. Other than these I love to write stories on what I observe, think and analyze. This is my first story, and I have selected for play writing classes at my school this year. I would like to share my first story with you. My blog is sparklefairy 71.blogspot.com.

“A middle schooler who has every one in her home mom, dad and siblings but suffered from loneliness with no love and care from them. She developed a fear to talk, mix in society due to her family background as her family is not recognized in a well manner in the society. All the time she was developed negative thoughts towards happy kids but she could help herself changing her thought process and path by ‘friends’ she got newly in her life. So a friend in need is a friend indeed!!”

Hmm….Life. Life can be such a beautiful thing at times. The people, the wonderful places, amazing creatures as well. But sometimes there’s the ugly too.

People can be fake, annoying, selfish, stupid etc Over the years its been like a hell with family problems, school, society, internet and people around….

The human being has ruled the earth ever since mankind existed, people get feelings over time, and they can get emotional as well. Humans go in their way

sometimes, they are selfish, they are all jerks as well, and they are well…… “People”.

My family have gotten apart over time. Dad cheats on mom. Mom disrespects us, my siblings are already spoiled brats and I’m …. Well I just hate life.

Sometimes I feel like I don’t even belong here, you know, I feel worthless, I feel unwanted, I feel well….alone.

Mom doesn’t even trust me anymore, she thinks that im a slut and that im stupid. She says that im probably not even a virgin…She treats me like trash, she treats me like and animal sometimes. She treats me like I was a joke.

In school I’m alone at times, people my age are having fun, getting drunk, having parties, doing drugs, like a normal high school teen but for them it’s like living the life I guess. Sometimes I imagine how it’ll be like if I was they, all happy, excited, and treated well and most importantly…feel loved.

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I don’t really talk at school as much like the others if u would say. I have no friends neither. I usually just sit there and draw in my notebook, it calms me…a lot, I like to draw because it’s like if it took u to this other world, a gorgeous world where everything was perfect, so unique, and amazing.

When I was 11, I could remember how dad came home drunk, mom was quite worried for him so much that she even forgot about us.. her own children. She started to drink as well. She would get mad easily and would start to smoke too. Her face would get wrinkles which would make her look older. Since she would be drunk most of the times, dad would just bring in some “friends “ from work. Well at least that’s what he said, which I totally doubted. My siblings starts to not care about their grades anymore since mom wont study with them anymore. My brother would get really mad since she would barely listen to him. Her and started to take money from her and little prim, my sister got conceited.

In school my best friend moved away and she wouldn’t be able to help me with my problems at home or anything, she would be gone, 100 miles away from me or even more. She didn’t have a phone back then but neither did I so there was no way of contacting her.

I became depressed overtime, soon I had anxiety, and later after that, I started to starve myself. I thought I was fat since my mother would say that every now and then. I started to self-harm, some people say that self-harming is stupid and stuff but for me it’s a relief of all the pain im going through. The sharp blade on my skin just drawing threw it. Blood coming out and I was relieved for a couple of seconds. It can get addicting as well I guess.

I wasn’t happy at all……at all.

There was this guy I liked, his name was Brian.

He seemed so perfect, so nice, so delicate. In math I was staring at him, he had friends and a girlfriend….She was one of the popular girls and well like all of them they were quite conceited, her name was Alison Brooke.

She had a lot of friends and would have parties like every week. She was rich, healthy, well treated and beautiful. Unlike me .. I was the complete opposite, she had a slim body, she a lot of friends and a mom who adores her.

Her friends were just like her too, the thing that I hated about them was that they were fake. They would 56

be so mean to people that would never have done anything to them, including me …..

Brian seems nice and funny, I don’t know if that’s because of his looks but that’s my opinion is. You know how they say it “never judge a book by its cover” they nice looking and seem so perfect but they can be diabolic and everything. I wanted him so badly but I could not get him. He was taken by this gorgeous girl and he seemed happy with her. I know that I would actually never get him but I sometime dream on how it would be to be a popular kid just for once…. And I want to experience my life in a different way. They all seemed so happy as if no sorrows and pains in their lives. It was my life like a hell and theirs were heaven.

When school was about to start, I was so tensed and scared. I always used to worry about what people would think of me and how I would look. I was so selfconscious about myself. It was 1st period, I went to class and I went directly to my seat, without looking at anyone. I felt like a moron. Everyone in class was staring at me as if I did some crime. I have yelled “S... TOP STARING AT ME!! “. And everyone flinched. I felt so embarrassed. I actually felt happy that I stood up for myself for once but then again I have realized I shouldn’t have done that. Lunch came, I was sitting alone eating my lunch. Everyone was on the other end of the table.

People were like “look at her, she’s such a loner” and “it’s like she has no life”. I felt like crying my eyes out. I have officially realized that my life would never get to normal and I was like held hostage. When I went to gym, all the girls were looking at me when I was changing. It was weird like… they were looking at me as if I was an alien. It was official my life was and I hoped for the best (probably).

A girl at my school was throwing a party for all girls. She was one of the popular girls. She for invited almost everyone in the whole 8th grade, and I guess she thought I was good enough for it so she invited me. I was sort of happy. I actually felt like I was good enough this sort of thing and may be for once… just for once I was being noticed by someone. The part was on Saturday and I was all ready and everything. When I reached, I felt like a loner. I was just sitting there. I did not know what to do or what to say to them. Later they made me join them, I was so shy and scared. I worried about what I would say or do, or I might say something stupid…like I always do. To be honest….I was the

only there awkward and the only one there wearing black. I looked like goth or emo but I didn’t really care.

They were talking about boys, nails, hair etc. I had nothing to talk about. During the party, I could tell all the girls were fake because they would talk about one another and they are all in the same room. I wondered if they were talking about me. I thought maybe they were but I could care less. I was just realizing that I was being noticed because I was invited. After the party, I went home and I was still thinking about the party.

May be I am not such a loner after all, or maybe I have a life.

It’s the second week of school and I’m still a loner with no one to talking to. I found out that people gave me a nick name, “SHADOW” or “LONER”, but like I could care less. In social studies, we had to pair up in a group of 3, and I was like “great…just great, this is the time where no one picks me”. But to my surprise two girls come up to me and asks to be in their group amd I’m like “ok”. We worked in a group for 1 week and nothing went wrong, and maybe we became friends. I was happy to be honesty. So, once I asked

them if we were friends and they said yes. I felt so proud and happy. My friends….. Wow… and from that day onwards we talked and walked every day. I would always go to their house or they would go to my house.

I felt popular….well not really popular but just extra happy. We would always tell secrets to each other and talked about a lot of things. My life had some colors and not just black and white.

My life has changed. Having friends changed it all. So from that day on I was a happy girl, I started to do well in school because I had people who would support me and stay by my side. Remember in the beginning I said I had a crush on Brain… well I don’t like him no more. Who needs a boyfriend when you have best friends? Oh yeah…. I never mentioned my name…. My name is SCARLETT… Acknowledgements: Initiation and couple of paragraphs at the beginning was by my friend Judit Colt. Lastly, but not least inspired by mother to write stories and, encouraged by mom and dad.

57

History of Telangana - Yashita Thota, 9th Grade, Pennbrook Middle School, Lansdale, PA

Telangana is a state with a rich and beautiful history. Studies have found that human habitations in parts of Telangana can be seen from the Paleolithic age (Up to 1000 B.C.) consistently.

Excavations discovered stone tools throughout all the ten districts of Telangana. In the historical age, beginning from 1000 BC, there are some references of Telangana as a geographical entity as well as Telugu as a linguistic entity.

After the fall of the Mauryan Empire, around the third century BC, there arose the first significant kingdom under the Satavahanas from this region. The earliest capital of the Satavahanas was Kotalingala and then moved to the other popular capitals like Paithan and Amaravati (Dharanikota). Evidence shows that the Satavahanas ruled a larger area of the peninsula, with oceans as borders on three sides. Literature like Gathasaptasati, painting like Ajanta flourished during the Satavahana rule.

After the fall of Satavahanas in the third century AD, Telugu-speaking areas were divided under various small rulers and till the emergence of the Kakatiyas. The Kakatiya dynasty was founded around 950 AD and this strong kingdom united whole Telugu-speaking lands and the kingdom lasted for more than three centuries and a half. The kingdom saw powerful kings like Ganapatideva, Rudradeva and Prataparudra as well as the first ever woman ruler in the subcontinent Rudramadevi. The Kakatiyas are known for their irrigation public works, sculpture and fine-arts.

Jealous of Kakathiyaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s prosperity, several neighbouring kingdoms, as well as Delhi Sultanate, made failed attempts to wage war on Warangal. Finally in 1323, Delhi laid siege on Warangal fort and captured Prataparudra.

According to the legend, Prataparudra gave his 58

life on the banks of the Narmada, unwilling to surrender when he was being taken as prisoner of war to Delhi. After Prataparudra was defeated

by Malik Kafur in 1323, the Kakatiya kingdom was again fragmented with local governors declaring independence and for about 150 years Telangana was again under different rulers.

In 1496, Sultan Quli Qutb Shah, subedar for Telangana, with Golconda as his capital, declared his independence and seven sultans of this dynasty ruled not only Telangana but the entire Telugu-speaking land including parts of present day Maharashtra and Karnataka. The Moghul Empire waged war and defeated Golconda in 1687 and for about three decades, Telangana was again witnessed chaos and fragmented rulers. In 1712, Emperor Farrukhsiyar appointed Qamarud-din Khan as the viceroy of Deccan and gave him the title Nizam-ul-Mulk. Telangana was established as an autonomous province of the Mughal Empire. Asif Jah started the Asif Jahi dynasty and named the area as Hyderabad Deccan. In 1769, Hyderabad city became the formal capital of the Nizams.Nasir-ud-dawlah, the Asif Jah IV, signed the Subsidiary Alliance with the British in 1799 and lost its control over the stateâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s defense and foreign affairs. Hyderabad State became a princely state among the presidencies and provinces of British India.

When India became independent from the British Empire in 1947, Hyderabad remained an independent princely state for a period of 13 months. The peasants of Telangana waged an armed struggle to liberate the region. On 17 September 1948, the Indian government conducted a military operation called Operation Polo to bring Hyderabad state into the Indian Union. About 70 years later the area became recognized as Telangana State in 2014.

Help the Environment - Rishitha Musuku 1st Grade, 7 years

I like to help the environment and I live on planet Earth. It’s the only planet you can live on. I help the environment by keeping the earth clean and green.

Last year when I was 6, My teacher taught us how to keep the earth clean, she talked about reduce, reuse and recycle. I remember all the things she said about reduce, reuse and recycle. You can turn off the faucet when you are not using it. Turn off the lights when you are not using them. Do not use plastic use some thing you can use again. I follow what my teacher said to help the environment.

I love to make art projects; I can tell you how to make a flower out of used plastic bowls. First, take two plastic bowls and fold them into a little fan, next draw a line with a sharpie on the opposite end of the bowls and paint them, after that you squeeze it into a spike and put glue on it. Finally you put a jewel in the middle and you can decorate, would not be a gift for your family?

I do my share of helping the environment, I am saving our planet earth, are you saving planet earth?

Save Trees to Save Yourself - Shriya Sai Yakkati 4th Class Devon Elementary School Extra Curricular activities: Learning Hindi, Learning Carnatic Music & Kuchipudi Dance Parents Native: Khammam District

Recently we see in the news that temperatures are rising in India and other parts of the world!

It seems in recent years, we have lost the trees… Please help yourself from heat by saving the trees!

Trees give us Oxygen, rain and Food… We have lost trees and there is a lot more Sun. Grow more trees to get less of heat. Please stop cutting them down or using them for unnecessary purposes.

Help the trees to help us :& Sowing seeds or planting trees does not cost much.

Just put a seed in the ground around open spaces, road-side, footpaths, highways, gardens and also in your society complex. Water them every two days in summer. In the rainy season, no need to water them but allow some sunlight. It will grow and help us.

59

My JRA Visit on Sunday - Abhinav Jonnala (3rd Grade, 8 yrs, KD Markley Elementary)

One Sunday morning I was thinking of playing with my friends in the park. My dad said he was going out to help pack food for the needy. At first I thought wow! There are people without food. I was interested to know more about that, So I said “ yes !” to go there.

We reached this place where there is a big warehouse to pack the food. There were lot of volunteers to pack and distribute food. I also joined them to pack the food items like carrots, pasta, cereal, beans, etc and later delivered to the door of some old and needy people. This group is called JRA- Jewish Relief Agency. In the end, I felt happy to help someone and would like to go again.

Have you ever wondered about people who don’t have food? No? Then join JRA. It is a place where you can help people who don’t have enough food .

Heat in India - Meera Mayreddy, 5th Grade Pickering Valley Elementary School Chester Springs, PA

The heat in India is very severe. I visited Hyderabad in April and witnessed the extreme heat in India and I couldn’t bear it. Lying in the shade and splashing into rivers, Indians are doing whatever they can to stay cool during a brutal heat wave that has killed more than 1,400 people in the past month. In India, April can also be a particularly stifling month as the country warms before the monsoon rains arrive. This year, however, the April heat has been extreme. The normal temperature now is 108.7 degrees. The majority of the dozens of casualties so far have been homeless people or day laborers, among the poorest in society. Many people have been terribly affected including 23.5 million in Andhra Pradesh, 17.8 million in Telangana.

In the past four years, 4,204 people died due to heat waves. Telangana has had the most deaths in one day, 56, than any other place in India. March, which is yet to be assessed, it could be one of the warmest years of the century. 2016 may be the hottest years in India ever. Please help India by causing less pollution and add more plants and nature into a place that deserves it. Visit India to experience the heat. You’ll understand the hardships people there are having.

60

Our Disney Trip - Ashwika Papasani, Akshaya Kotha and Medha Gaddam.

Over the spring break this year, we went to Disney World with our family and friends. We drove to Disney world from Philadelphia and the ride was cool and exciting. We have reached to Orlando and we stayed in a resort for seven nights.

On the first day, we went to Hollywood Studios. In Hollywood Studios, we went to Haunted Tower. It is a scary house, and we are all scared except Medha to go into the scary lift that went up and down. It went all the way up and suddenly came down. When we were sitting it was scary and was very scary when we were coming down. After that, we went to shows: Muppet Vision 3D and Fantasmic. In the end, we saw a beautiful show of fire works.

On the second day, we went to the Animal Kingdom. In the Animal Kingdom, we went to Safari. In Safari, we took a ride and the ride had been great. We saw lot of animals like Lions, Tigers, Elephants, giraffes, zebras, crocodiles and lot of birds, etc. We went on a bridge and was bumpy and was very fun. After that, we went to shows: Tough to be a bug, Kilimanjaro Safaris, Festival of the Lion King and Finding Nemo the Musical.

On the third day, we went to the Magic Kingdom. In Magic Kingdom, we went to: It’s a small world, Enchanted Tales with Belle, Haunted Mansion, Mad Tea Party, Monsters/lnc. Laugh Floor, Pirates of the Caribbean, The Hall of Presidents, The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh, Under the Sea Journey of the Little Mermaid.

In the end, we saw fire Works.

The fourth day we stayed home. We relaxed and played games. It was also fun at home.

The fifth day we went to EPCOT. In EPCOT, we saw Disney and Pixar Short Film Festival, Ellen’s Energy Adventure, Mission Space, Spaceship Earth, The Seas with Nemo and Friends, Turtle Talk with Crush. In Ellen’s Energy Adventure, we saw dinosaurs, and they spitted on us while we are going on a ride. It was fun.

The sixth day we went to Daytona Beach and our parents bought toys for us. We played in the waves.

On the seventh day, we drove back home. That’s all about our vacation.

61

Nishi Enugula Age : 10 yrs Class : 5 School : Thurgood Marshall Elementary School, Newark, DE 19702

62

Activities did Father & Me - M. Koushik 8th Class St. Alphonsos School, Nalgonda

1.

Swath Barath – If you clean it then we can use it,

2.

Energy conservation – Use energy but don’t water energy

3.

Water conservation – Save waters save future

4.

Giving 100 Jute bags to the people every-day who are catching plastic covers – say no to plastic and say yes to Jute.

5.

We donate money to the orphans likes sneha etc.,

6.

Giving plant as a gift in functions or any program. Instead of flower bokeh giving plant.

7.

Segregation of a) Food wastage, Green Garbaige Trash bin b) Dry wastage – Redbin c) Cloth & Plastic wastage – big Jute bag

8.

Keeping the impact program

9.

Going every day when time is there in the lunch to the schools and saying the points about environment.

10.

Planting trees.

11.

Giving suggestions to the people about plastic.

12.

Women’s day celebrations

13.

Motivating ruler students in self confidence & goal setting through career path-finder chart.

14.

Saving petrol/fuel, reduction air pollution by using the bicycle.

15.

Motivation citizens to keep eco-Ganesh

16.

Adopting parks – Developing greenery, compost with fallen leaves, watering to plants.

63

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$<Ûä+>± $&ÉT<ä\ #˚j·÷* (Ä]∆ø£ dü+e‘·‡s¡+ ∫e]˝À ø±≈£î+&Ü). ì<ÛäT\ πø{≤sTT+|ü⁄ yÓTC≤]{° ¬s’‘·T\≈£î ñ |üj÷Ó >∑|&ü ˝˚ ≤ ÁbÕ<Ûëq´‘·\qT ìs¡sí TT+#·Tø√yê*.

3.

e´ekÕj·T s¡+>∑+˝À e∫Ãq e÷s¡TŒ\ <ä cÕº´ dü_‡&û |ü<øäÛ ±\˝À ‘·–q e÷s¡TŒ\T #˚j÷· *. düqï, ∫qï ø±s¡T, eT<Û´ä ‘·s>¡ ‹∑ s¬ ‘’ T· \≈£î m≈£îÿe ñ|üj÷Ó >∑|&ü ˝˚ ≤ á |ü<øäÛ ±\T ñ+&Ü*. eTq yê‘êes¡D≤ìøÏ nqTe⁄>±ì bÕ©Vü≤Ödt ˝≤+{Ï yê{ÏøÏ ø±≈£î+&Ü (>∑‘· 2 dü+e‘·‡sê\˝À 500 ø√≥T¢ øπ e\+ 2000 mø£ s ê\˝À bÕ© Vü ≤ Ödt \ ìsêàD+ ø√dü + øπ {≤sTT+#ês¡T), øπ Áå ‘· kÕúsTT˝À >√<ëeTT\T, o‘·\ –&É+¶ >∑T\T, e÷¬sÿ{Ÿ j·÷s¡T\¶ n_Ûe ~∆, s¬ ‘’ T· \ edü‹ >∑ Vü‰\T ˝≤+{Ï eTÚ*ø£ edü‘T· \ n_Ûe ~∆ ø√düeT÷, u≤e⁄\, uÀs¡T u≤e⁄\ ‘·e«ø£+ uÛ≤sêìï s¬ ‘’ T· ˝Ò uÛ]Ñ +#·≈î£ +&Ü, Á|üuTÑÛ ‘·«+ uÛ]Ñ +#˚ $<Û+ä >±q÷ á dü_‡&û |ü<øäÛ ±\qT |ü⁄qsY ìs¡«∫+#ê* .

4.

s¬ ‘’ T· \≈£î ø=+‘· uÛ≤s¡+>± e÷]q e´ekÕj·T ≈£L© #Ó*+¢ |ü⁄ yÓTT‘êÔìï ø=+‘· dü_‡&ÓC’ Ÿ #˚ùd $<Û+ä >±q÷ (C≤rj·T Á>±MTD ñbÕ~Û Vü‰MT |ü<øäÛ +£ dü÷Œ¤]ìÔ <Óã“ rj·T≈£î+&Ü, n+<äT˝À ≈£L©\ Vü≤≈£îÿ\≈£î m≥Te+{Ï uÛÑ+>∑+ ø£*–+#·≈£î+&Ü) øπ {≤sTT+|ü⁄\T #˚jT· e#·TÃ.

5.

yÓTT‘·+Ô e´ekÕj·T ≈£î≥T+u≤\ Ä<ëj·T uÛÁÑ <ä‘· \ø£´å +>±, Á|ü‹ dü+e‘·‡s¡+ dæú‹ >∑‘·T\qT |ü]o*+∫, ìy˚~ø£ s¡÷bı+~+∫, neT\TqT |üs´¡ y˚ø+åÏ #˚+<äT≈£î sêÁwüº kÕúsTT˝À ˇø£ s¬ ‘’ T· \ Ä<ëj·T ø£MTwüHqé T ìj·T$T+#ê*. á ø£MTwüHé |üP]Ô dü«j·T+ Á|ü‹|ü‹‘Ô √ |üì #˚ùd $<Û+ä >± ñ+&Ü*. |ü+≥ ñ‘·Œ‹Ô Ks¡TÃ\qT, ≈£î≥T+u≤\ Jeq e´j·÷\qT |ü]>∑Dq˝À ñ+#·T≈£îì á ø£MTwüHé düeTÁ>∑ ìy˚~ø£\T s¡÷bı+~+#ê*.

6.

á ø£MTwüHé Ä<Û«ä s¡´+˝À sêÁwüº kÕúsTT˝À e´ekÕj·T |ü+≥\ ñ‘·Œ‹Ô Ks¡TÃ\qT XÊÁd”j Ô T· +>± n+#·Hê y˚d,æ |ü+≥\≈£î ˝≤uÛkÑ Õ{Ï <Ûsä \¡ qT Á|ü‹bÕ~+#˚+<äT≈£î sêÁwüº kÕúsTT CACP ì ìj·T$T+#ê*. n˝≤π> |üX¯ó b˛wü≈£î\ Ks¡TÃ\qT, Ä<ëj·÷\qT ≈£L&Ü á ø£MTwüHé |ü]o*+#ê* .

7.

á ø£MTwüHé ìy˚~ø£\≈£î, dæbòÕs¡düT\≈£î #·≥º ã<ä∆‘· ø£*Œ+#ê*. sêÁwüº Á|üuTÑÛ ‘·«+ neT\T #˚j÷· *.

8.

yÓTT‘·Ô+ e´ekÕj·T s¡+>±ìøÏ πø{≤sTT+∫q ì<ÛäT\T, e´ekÕj·T s¡+>∑ u≤´+≈£î s¡TD≤\T yêdüeÔ kÕ>∑T<ës¡T\≈£î ˝Ò<ë e´ekÕj·T<ës¡T\ düVü≤ø±s¡ dü+|òü÷\≈£î, ¬s’‘·T\T e÷Á‘·yT˚ uÛ≤>∑kÕ«eTT\T>± ñ+&˚ ñ‘·Œ‹Ô<ës¡T\ ø£+ô|˙\≈£î e÷Á‘·yT˚ n+<˚˝≤ Á|üD≤[ø£\T s¡÷bı+~+#ê* .

ø=ìï |ü]cÕÿsê\T : 1.

sêÁwüº Á|üuTÑÛ ‘·«+, eT]j·TT øπ +Á<ä Á|üuTÑÛ ‘·«+ ‘·eT dü+e‘·‡s¡ ã&Ó{® Ÿ \˝À ø£˙dü+ 10 XÊ‘·+ ì<ÛTä \qT H˚sT¡ >± e´ekÕj·T s¡+>±ìøÏ øπ {≤sTT+#ê* (˙{ÏbÕs¡T<ä\ s¡+>±ìøÏ øπ {≤sTT+#˚ ì<ÛTä \T ø±≈£î+&Ü)

2.

ì<ÛäT\qT e´ekÕj·T d”»Hé˝À ¬s’‘·T\≈£î ñ|üjÓ÷>∑|ü&˚

65

9.

e´ekÕj·T s¡+>∑+ô|’ Ä<Ûës¡|ü&çq Ç‘·s¡ yê´bÕs¡T\≈£î, ø£ + ô|˙\≈£ î á ô|≥Tº ã &É T \qT eT[fl+#· ≈£ L &É < ä T . q>∑sê\qT, |ü≥D º ≤\qT e´ekÕj·T s¡+>∑ s¡TD≤\ |ü]~Û qT+&ç ‘·|Œæ +#ê* .

dü+<äsꓤ\˝À m+‘√ ø=+‘· |ü+≥ Ç+{ÏøÏ e#˚Ã~. e´ekÕj·T+ ø√dü+ n|ü⁄Œ\T #˚jT· e\dæ e#˚Ã~ ø±<äT. 2.

ø±˙ ø=+‘· kÕ>∑T˙{Ï eqs¡T\T e#êÃø£, uÀsY yÓ˝Ÿ‡ e#êÃø£ e] $d”sÔ +í¡ u≤>± ô|]–+~. <ÛëHê´ìøÏ Á|üuTÑÛ ‘·« ùdø£sD ¡ kÂø£s´¡ + ñ+&É&+É , ÄVü‰s¡ n\yê≥¢˝À e∫Ãq e÷s¡TŒ\T ≈£L&Ü Ç+<äT≈£î ø±s¡DeTj·÷´sTT. |ü‹Ô ø=ìï ÁbÕ+‘ê\πø, eTTK´+>± q\¢sπ >∑&ç uÛ÷Ñ eTT\Tqï ÁbÕ+‘ê\πø |ü]$T‘·yTÓ Æ ñ+&˚~. |ü‹˝Ô Àq÷ nH˚ø£ kÕúìø£ s¡ø±\T ñ+&˚$. á |ü‹Ô $‘·qÔ s¡ø±\T esê¸<ëÛ s¡ ÁbÕ+‘ê\≈£î nqT≈£L\+>± ñ+&˚$. |ü‹Ô kÕ>∑T≈£î Ks¡Tà ‘·≈î£ ÿe>± ñ+&˚~.

3.

ø±˙ ;{° |ü‹Ô e#êÃø£ |ü‹Ô |ü+≥ y˚>+∑ >± $dü]Ô +∫+~. á ;{° |ü‹Ô $‘·HÔ ê\˝À ˇø£ »qT´e⁄ô|’ Monsanto ø£+ô|˙øÏ ù|f…+{Ÿ ñ+&É&+É e\¢, yÓTT‘·+Ô |ü‹Ô $‘·qÔ e÷¬sÿ{Ÿ Ä ø£+ô|˙, <ëì nqTã+<Ûä ø£+ô|˙\ #˚‘T· ˝À¢øÏ b˛sTT+~. Á|ü‹ dü+e‘·‡s¡+ ¬s’‘·T\T $‘·ÔHê\qT e÷¬sÿ{Ÿ qT+&˚ ø=qT>√\T #˚dTü HÔ êïs¡T. ô|>’ ± á ;{° |ü‹Ô |ü+≥ ~>∑Tã&ÉT\ô|’ ø£+ô|˙\ Á|ü#ês¡+ s¬ ‘’ T· \qT ÁuÛeÑ T\˝ÀøÏ HÓ{+ºÏ ~. Bì‘√ s¬ ‘’ T· \T ;{° |ü‹øÔ Ï nqTe⁄>±ì uÛ÷Ñ eTT\˝À ≈£L&Ü Bìì y˚düTÔHêïs¡T. nH˚ø£ |ü+≥\T kÕ>∑T uÛÑ÷eTT\ qT+&ç e÷j·TeTe⁄ ‘·THêïsTT. ;{° |ü‹Ô $d”sÔ +í¡ ø=ìï õ˝≤¢\˝À 70 XÊ‘êìøÏ #˚]+~. yÓTT‘·+Ô sêÁwü+º ˝À 50 XÊ‘êìøÏ #˚]+~.

12. uÛ÷Ñ eTT\ øπ {≤sTT+|ü⁄, ùdø£sD ¡ $<Ûëq+ ø£+fÒ eTT+<äT>± uÛÑ÷$T $ìjÓ÷>∑ $<Ûëq+ rdüT≈£î sêyê*. |üsê´es¡D Væ≤‘·yÓTÆq |ü<ä∆‘·T\‘√ uÛÑ÷$Tì dü¬s’q |ü<ä∆‘·T\˝À m˝≤ $ìjÓ÷–+#·T≈£î+{≤+? @j˚T s¡+>±\≈£î uÛ÷Ñ $Tì m˝≤, m+‘· øπ {≤sTTkÕÔ+? nH˚~ düŒwü+º >± ìs¡sí TT+#ê*.

4.

eTq esê¸<ëÛ s¡ uÛ÷Ñ eTT\≈£î nqTe⁄>±ì yÓTTø£ÿ C§qï |ü+≥ ≈£L&Ü y˚>+∑ >± yê´|æ+∫+~. kÕ<Ûës¡D+>± á uÛ÷Ñ eTT\≈£î nqTyÓq’ yÓTTø£ÿC§qï s¡ø±\T e÷j·TyÓTbÆ ˛j·÷sTT. ø£sT¡ e⁄, esê¸uÛ≤e |ü]dæú‘·T\˝À Á|üdüTÔ‘· yÓTTø£ÿC§qï ôV’≤Á;&é‡ ‘·≥Tºø√˝Òø£ s¬ ‘’ T· \≈£î rÁe qcÕº\qT ø£*–düTHÔ êïsTT.

düeTdü´ 2 :

5.

k˛j·÷;Hé ø=ìï uÛ÷Ñ eTT\≈£î nqTyÓq’ <˚ nsTTHê, k˛j·÷ $‘·qÔ +‘√ s¬ ‘’ T· \T düeTdü´qT m<äTs¡Tÿ+≥THêïs¡T. ô|>’ ± nø±\ esê¸\T k˛j·÷ $‘·qÔ + yÓTTø£ÿô|H’ ˚ yÓTT\¬ø‘˚Ô |ü]dæ‹Ô e\¢ s¬ ‘’ T· \T rÁe+>± qwübº ˛‘·THêïs¡T.

6.

ôV≤’ <äsêu≤<é q>∑s+¡ , Ç‘·s¡ q>∑sê\ #·T≥÷º ≈£Ls¡>±j·T\T |ü+&˚ nH˚ø£ ÁbÕ+‘ê\T ]j·T˝Ÿ mùdº{Ÿ e\¢ bÕ¢{Ÿ‡>± e÷]b˛j·÷sTT. >∑‘+· ‘√ b˛*Ãq|ü⁄&ÉT ≈£Ls¡>±j·T\, |ü+&É¢ ‘√≥\ $d”Ôs¡í+ ø=+‘· ô|]–q|üŒ{Ïø° düqï, ∫qïø±s¡T s¬ ‘’ T· \≈£î ñ|üj÷Ó >∑|&ü ˝˚ ≤ øπ Áå ‘· kÕúsTT˝À o‘·\ –&É+¶ >∑T\T ˝Òøb£ ˛e&É+ e\¢ s¬ ‘’ T· \T |ü+&ç+∫q |ü+≥˝À Á|ü<ëÛ q uÛ≤>±ìï qwü º b ˛‘· T Hêïs¡ T . ˝Ò < ë n‹ ‘· ≈ £ î ÿe <Û ä s ¡ \ ≈£ î neTTà≈£î+≥THêïs¡T.

10. sêÁwü+º ˝À øö\T s¬ ‘’ T· \ dü+K´ >∑D˙j·T+>± ô|s¡T>∑T‘·Tqï~. e´ekÕj·÷ìï e ‹Ô>± m+#·T≈£îH˚ düqï, ∫qï ¬s’‘·T\≈£î, uÛ÷Ñ $T ˝Òì ìs¡Tù|<ä\≈£î, ã&ÉT>∑T, ã\V”≤q esêZ\≈£î kÕ>∑T uÛ÷Ñ eTT\T n+<äTu≤≥T˝À ˝Òøb£ ˛e&É+‘√ á esêZ\ Á|ü»\T n~Ûø£ øö\T <Ûsä \¡ T #Ó*+¢ ∫ uÛ÷Ñ eTT\qT øö\T≈£î #˚dTü HÔ êïs¡T. ô|’>± á ¬s’‘·T\≈£î dü+kÕú>∑‘·+>± Á|üuÛÑT‘·«+ qT+&ç m≥Te+{Ï düV‰ü j·TeT÷ n+<ä&+É ˝Ò<Tä . Bì e\¢ á s¬ ‘’ T· \T Áô|y’ {˚ Ÿ e&û¶ yê´bÕs¡T\ô|’ Ä<Ûës¡|&ü ,ç m≈£îÿe e&û¶ sπ ≥¢≈î£ s¡TD≤\T ‘Ó#T· Ã≈£î+≥THêïs¡T. 11.

ø±ã{Ϻ sêÁwü+º ˝À uÛ÷Ñ $T˝Òì Á>±MTD ìs¡Tù|<ä\≈£î uÛ÷Ñ $T n+<äTu≤≥T˝À ñ+#˚+<äT≈£î sêÁwü+º ˝À »s¡T>∑T‘·Tqï uÛ÷Ñ $T ôdŒ≈£î´˝Ò{yÏ é e÷¬sÿ{ŸqT ìj·T+Á‹+#ê*. e´ekÕj˚T‘·s¡ Ä<ëj·÷\T Á|ü<ëÛ q+>± ø£*–q yês¡T e´ekÕj·T uÛ÷Ñ eTT\T ø=q≈£î+&Ü ìùw<Û+ä $~Ûd÷ü Ô #·≥+º #˚j÷· * (1950 \˝À ‘Ó\+>±D≤ sêÁwü+º ˝À neT\T˝À ñqï #·≥+º n˝≤+{Ï<.˚ ) uÛ÷Ñ eTT\ øö\T <Ûsä \¡ ô|’ ìj·T+Á‘·D $~Û+#˚˝≤ bÕ‘· øö\T #·{≤º\qT neT\T #˚j÷· *.

|ü+≥\ bı+~ø£ ˝À edüTqÔ ï e÷s¡TŒ\T : 1.

66

‘Ó\+>±D≤ sêÁwü+º ˝À yê‘êes¡D |ü]dæ‘ú T· \T, kÕ>∑TuÛ÷Ñ eTT\ dæ‹ú >∑‘T· \ ]‘ê´ nH˚ø£ |ü+≥\T kÕ>∑jT˚ ´$. eTTK´+>± C§qï eT] ø=ìï ∫s¡T <ÛëHê´\T, ø£+~, ô|düs,¡ ñ\e\T‘√ düV‰ü nìï s¡ø±\ |ü|⁄ü Œ <ÛëHê´\T, y˚sT¡ X¯q>∑, ÄeTT<ä+, qTe⁄«\‘√ düV‰ü nH˚ø£ q÷HÓ –+»\ |ü+≥\T ñ+&˚$. á |ü+≥\ ~>∑Tã&ÉT\T ‘·≈î£ ÿe>±H˚ ñHêï, Ks¡Tà ≈£L&Ü ‘·≈î£ ÿy˚ nj˚T´~. eTTK´+>± kÕúìø£ $‘·Ôq s¡ø±\T , |üX¯óe⁄\ ms¡Te⁄, n+<äTu≤≥T˝À ñ+&˚$ ø£qTø£ ¬s’‘·T\T m≈£îÿe Ks¡Tà ˝Ò≈î£ +&ÜH˚ |ü+≥\T kÕ>∑T #˚ùdyês¡T. Á|ü<ëÛ q+>± esê¸<ëÛ s¡ |ü+≥\T ñ+&˚$ ø£qTø£`|üP]Ô ø£sT¡ e⁄ ø±\+˝À ‘·|Œü `#ê˝≤

7.

8.

e÷¬ s ÿ{Ÿ ˝ À ø£ + ~, Ç‘· s ¡ |ü | ü ⁄ Œ <Û ë Hê´\≈£ î <Û ä s ¡ \ T eT+&çb˛‘·THêï Ä <Ûsä \¡ T s¬ ‘’ T· \≈£î n+<ä&+É ˝Ò<Tä . Ç|ü⁄Œ&ÉTqï $‘·Ôq s¡ø±\T, Bs¡Èø±\ s¡ø±\T. ~>∑Tã&ÉT\T ‘·≈£îÿe. |ü⁄s¡T>∑T\T, ‘Ó>T∑ \¢ düeTdü´ ≈£L&Ü m≈£îÿe>±H˚ ñ+≥Tqï~.

Bì e\¢ s¬ ‘’ T· \T á |ü+≥\T e÷H˚dæ |ü‹Ô yÓ|’ ⁄ü yÓTT>±ZsT¡ . q÷HÓ –+»\˝À ÄeTT<ä+ |ü]dæ‹ú ≈£L&Ü n+‘˚. á |ü+≥ $d”Ôs¡í+ ‘·–Z+#˚dæ ¬s’‘·T\T |ü‹Ô yÓ’|ü⁄ eTfi≤fls¡T. |ü‹Ô |ü+≥ MT<ä ñqï ÁuÛeÑ T\T, Ç‘·s¡ |ü+≥\≈£î Á|üuTÑÛ ‘·« Áb˛‘ê‡Vü≤+ ˝Òø£b˛e&É+, ~>∑Tã&ÉT\T, <Ûäs¡\T dü]>± ˝Òøb£ ˛e&É+, |ü‹øÔ Ï e÷Á‘·yT˚ ø=+‘· e÷¬sÿ{Ÿ kÂø£s´¡ +, s¡TD kÂø£s¡´+ ñ+&É&É+, ø√‘·T\T, n&É$ |ü+<äT\T Ç‘·s¡ |ü+≥\qT ã‘·ø˙£ j·Tø£b˛e&É+ ‘·~‘·s¡ ø±s¡D≤\ e\¢ ≈£L&Ü á |ü‹Ô $dü]Ô +∫+~.

MT&çj÷· ˝À, |ü+≥\ ~>∑Tã&ÉT\ô|’ ø£+ô|˙\T kÕ–+#˚ uÀ>∑dt Á|ü#êsêìï n&ÉT¶ø√yê*. á ÁbÕ+‘êìøÏ nqTe⁄>±ì |ü + ≥\qT, m>∑ T eT‘· T \ \ø£ å ´ +‘√, yê‘êes¡ D ≤ìï ìj·T+Á‹+∫, ø£ Á‹eT |ü<ä∆‹˝À |ü+&ç+#˚+<äT≈£î mes¡T Á|üjT· ‹ï+∫Hê @ e÷Á‘·+ Á|üuTÑÛ ‘·« ì<ÛTä \qT Ks¡Tà ô|≥º ≈£L&É<Tä , dü_‡&û\T Çe«≈£L&É<Tä .

düeTdü´ 3 : |ü+≥ s¡TD≤\T, |ü+≥\ ;e÷ : 1.

|ü + ≥ s¡ T D≤\H˚ $ yêdü Ô e kÕ>∑ T <ës¡ T \T |ü + ≥\qT |ü+&ç+#˚+<äT≈£î sTTyê«*‡q$. ø±˙ á |ü+≥ s¡TD≤\T yêdüeÔ kÕ>∑T<ës¡T\≈£î ø±≈£î+&Ü uÛ÷Ñ eTT\ j·T»e÷qT\≈£î e÷Á‘·yT˚ yÓfió¯ ‘·THêïsTT. ˇø£ÿ mø£s+¡ kÕ>∑T uÛ÷Ñ $T ˝Òì ôV≤’ <äsêu≤<é q>∑sêìøÏ ≈£L&Ü Á|ü‹ dü+e‘·‡s¡+ 400 ø√≥¢ s¡÷bÕj·T\ |ü+≥ s¡TD≤\T yÓ\T‘·THêïj·T+fÒ |ü]dæú‹ì ns¡ú+ #˚dTü ø√e#·TÃ. yÓTT‘·+Ô e´ekÕj·T s¡TD≤\T ≈£L&Ü ôV≤’ <äsêu≤<é q>∑sêìπø 4000 ø√≥¢≈î£ ô|>’ ± yÓfió¯ ‘·THêïsTT (sêÁwü+º ˝À n‘·´~Ûø£+)

2.

|ü‹Ô $d”sÔ +í¡ ô|]>±ø£ sêÁwü+º ˝À øö\T s¬ ‘’ T· \ dü+K´ u≤>± ô|s¡T>∑T‘·Tqï~. sêÁwü+º ˝À ø£˙dü+ 10 \ø£\å eT+~ øö\T s¬ ‘’ T· \T ñ+{≤s¡ì ˇø£ n+#·Hê. eTVæ≤fi≤ s¬ ‘’ T· \ dü+U≤´ m≈£îÿe>±H˚ ñHêï yê] ù|s¡ô¢ |’ uÛ÷Ñ eTT\T ˝Òøb£ ˛e&É+ e\¢ yê]øÏ ≈£L&Ü u≤´+≈£î\T |ü+≥ s¡TD≤\T Çe«&É+ ˝Ò<Tä . Á|üuTÑÛ ‘·« uÛ÷Ñ |ü+|æD° |ü<øäÛ ±\˝À uÛ÷Ñ eTT\T bı+~q <ä[‘·, yÓqTø£ ã&çq esêZ\, yÓTHÆ ê]{° s¬ ‘’ T· \≈£î u≤´+ø˘ s¡TD≤\T n+<ä&+É ˝Ò<Tä . Ä~yêd” s¬ ‘’ T· \≈£î sTTdüTqÔ ï |ü+≥ s¡TD≤\T ≈£L&Ü ‘·≈£îÿy˚. <˚yê<ëj·T uÛÑ÷eTT\qT øö\T≈£î #˚düTÔqï s¬ ‘’ T· \≈£î ≈£L&Ü u≤´+≈£î\T s¡TD≤\T Çe«&É+ ˝Ò<Tä .

3.

nBÛø£ ‘· kÕ>∑T<ës¡T\ #·≥+º 2011 e#êÃø£ ≈£L&Ü øö\T s¬ ‘’ T· \≈£î >∑T]Ô+|ü⁄ ø±s¡T\¶ T Ç#˚à Á|üÁøÏjT· eTT+<äT≈£î yÓfifl¯ &É+ ˝Ò<Tä . >∑T]Ô+|ü⁄ ø±s¡T\¶ T bı+~q s¬ ‘’ T· \≈£î ≈£L&Ü u≤´+≈£î\T s¡TD≤\T Çe«&É+ ˝Ò<Tä . Bìe\¢ á kÕ>∑T<ës¡T\T Á|ü<ëÛ q+>± Áô|y’ {˚ Ÿ n|ü⁄Œ\ô|’ Ä<Ûës¡|&ü TÉ ‘·THêïs¡T. e&û¶ sπ ≥÷¢ m≈£îÿy˚. ˇø£{Ï s¬ +&ÉT dü+e‘·‡sê\˝À Áô|y’ {˚ Ÿ s¡TD≤\qT rs¡Ã˝Òøb£ ˛‘˚ n$ ù|s¡T≈£î b˛‘·THêïsTT. á |ü]dæú‹ ˝ÀH˚ ¬s’‘·T\T Ä‘·àVü≤‘·´\≈£î bÕ\Œ&ÉT‘·THêïs¡T.

4.

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ø=ìï |ü]cÕÿsê\T : 1.

sêÁwü+º ˝À ÄVü‰s¡ nedüsê\≈£î ÁbÕ<Ûëq´‘·ìdü÷Ô HÓ\ kÕs¡+, s¡ø+£ , ˙{Ï bÕs¡T<ä\ kÂø£sê´\≈£î nqT>∑TD+>± |ü+≥\ kÕ>∑T #˚ùd˝≤ s¬ ‘’ T· \qT Áb˛‘·‡Væ≤+#ê*. n+<äTø£edüsy¡ TÓ qÆ nìï Á|üuTÑÛ ‘·« eT<ä‘› T· e´edü\Ô q÷ ≈£L&É>{∑ ≤º*. ã˝Àù|‘·+ #˚j·÷*. kÕúìø£ |ü]dæú‘·T\≈£î nqTyÓ’q $‘·Ôq s¡ø±\qT Áb˛‘·‡Væ≤+#ê*. n+<äTu≤≥T˝À ñ+#ê*.

2.

Ç‘·s¡ |ü+≥\≈£î ≈£L&Ü eT<ä‘› T· <Ûsä \¡ T, |ü+≥ s¡TD≤\T, e÷¬sÿ{Ÿ kÂø£sê´\T ø£*Œ+#ê*. nedüs¡yÓTÆ‘˚ ÄVü‰s¡ |ü+≥\qT (∫s¡T <ÛëHê´\T, q÷HÓ –+»\T, |ü|⁄ü Œ <ÛëHê´\T) Á|üuTÑÛ ‘·«y˚T ùdø£]+∫ Á|üC≤ |ü+|æD° e´edüú <ë«sê |ü+|æD° #˚j÷· *.

3.

sêÁwüº+˝À q>∑s¡ »HêuÛ≤ nedüsê\≈£î nqT>∑TD+>± ≈£Ls¡>±j·T\T, |ü+&ÉT¢ \_Û+#·&+É ˝Ò<Tä . Ç‘·s¡ sêÁcÕº\ qT+&ç ~>∑TeT‹ #˚düT≈£î+≥Tqï |ü]dæú‹ ñ+~. á H˚|ü<Ûä´+˝À sêÁwü+º ˝À nìï õ˝≤¢\˝À ≈£Ls¡>±j·T\ kÕ>∑TqT ô|<äm› ‘·TqÔ Áb˛‘·‡Væ≤+#ê*. Ç+<äT≈£î bÕ©Vü≤Ödt\T m+‘· e÷Á‘·+ |ü]cÕÿs¡+ ø±<äT. n~Ûø£ ñc˛íÁ>∑‘\· qT ‘·≥Tº≈î£ H˚˝≤ ø=+‘· ùw&é HÓ { Ÿ kÂø£ s ê´ìï dü q ï ∫qïø±s¡ T ¬ s ’ ‘ · T \≈£ î n+<äTu≤≥T˝À ñ+#·&+É , øπ Áå ‘· kÕúsTT˝À o‘·\ –&É+¶ >∑T\qT ì]à+#·&+É , ÁbÕôddæ+>¥ j·T÷ì≥¢qT s¬ ‘’ T· \≈£î n+<äTu≤≥T˝À ñ+#·&+É #˚j÷· *. M{Ïì Áô|y’ {˚ Ÿ yê´bÕs¡T\≈£î ø±≈£î+&Ü s¬ ‘’ T· \ düV≤ü ø±s¡ dü+|ò÷ü \≈£î Çyê«*.

4.

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67

edüTHÔ êïs¡T. ô|>’ ± Á>±eT+ j·T÷ì{Ÿ>± |ü+≥\ ;e÷ nìï |ü+≥\≈£L ˝Òøb£ ˛e&É+ e\¢ s¬ ‘’ T· \≈£î ô|<ä>› ± ñ|üj÷Ó >∑|&ü &É +É ˝Ò<Tä . ø=‘·Ô ø=‘·Ô ;e÷ |ü<øäÛ ±\T Á|üyX˚ ¯ ô|&ÉT‘·THêï, n$ Ç+ø± ô|\’ {Ÿ <äX¯ <ë≥&É+ ˝Ò<Tä .

5.

yê‘êes¡D+˝À edüTqÔ ï e÷s¡TŒ\ ø±s¡D+>± nø±\ esê¸\T, esê¸u≤Û e+, ø£sT¡ e⁄\T, e&É>+∑ &ÉT,¢ uÛ≤Ø esê¸\T ˝≤+{Ï Á|üø £ ‹ yÓ|’ Øü ‘ê´\≈£î s¬ ‘’ T· \T rÁe+>± qwübº ˛‘·THêïs¡T. ø£sT¡ e⁄qT Á|üø£ ‹ yÓ’|ü]‘·´+>± #·÷&Éø£ b˛e&É+ e\¢, ‘Ó\+>±D≤ s¬ ‘’ T· \≈£î @ e÷Á‘·eT÷ düV‰ü j·T+ n+<ä&+É ˝Ò<Tä . |ü+≥≈£î nedüsy¡ TÓ qÆ düeTj·÷\˝À esê¸\ eT<Û´ä $|üØ‘·yTÓ qÆ >±|t ñ+&É&É+, yÓTT‘·Ô+>± d”»Hé˝À kÕ<Ûës¡D es¡¸bÕ‘·+ qyÓ÷<äe&É+ ˝≤+{Ï ø±s¡D≤\ e\¢, |ü+≥\T ø£s¡Te⁄, esê¸u≤Û e+ u≤]q |ü&ç qwübº ˛sTTHê s¬ ‘’ T· \≈£î düV‰ü j·T+ n+<ä&+É ˝Ò<Tä . ô|>’ ± yê‘êes¡D≤ìï dü÷∫+#˚ øπ +Á<ë\T eT+&É˝≤ìøÏ ˇø£{Ï e÷Á‘·yT˚ ñHêïsTT. Bì e\¢ Á|ü‹ 5 Á>±e÷\ eT<Û´ä ˝À ≈£L&Ü es¡¸bÕ‘·+ e´‘ê´dü+ ñ+≥Tqï <äX˝¯ À s¬ ‘’ T· \≈£î düs¬ q’ düV‰ü j·T+ n+<ä&+É ˝Ò<Tä .

7.

Á>±eT+ j·T÷ì{Ÿ>± ;e÷ |ü<Ûäø±\qT nìï |ü+≥\≈£L $dü]Ô +#ê*.

8.

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düeTdü´ 4 - $‘·qÔ düeTdü´ : 1.

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3.

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|ü]cÕÿsê\T : 1.

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2.

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3.

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4.

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5.

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6.

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68

|ü]cÕÿsê\T : 1.

sêÁcÕºìï d”&é uÖ˝Ÿ Ä|òt Ç+&çj÷· >± e÷s¡TkÕÔeTqï Á|üuTÑÛ ‘·« Á|üø≥ £ q\T ÄVü‰«ì+#·<–ä qy˚. ø±˙ á d”&é uÖ˝Ÿ $‘·qÔ s¬ ‘’ T· \ düeTdü´\qT |ü]wüÿ]+#˚~>±, $‘·qÔ s¬ ‘’ T· \≈£î ˝≤uÛ+Ñ #˚ùd~>± ñ+&Ü*. ¬s’‘·T\≈£î nìï s¡ø±\ |ü+≥\≈£î HêD´yÓTqÆ $‘·HÔ ê\T ‘·≈î£ ÿe <Ûsä ˝¡ À \_Û+#ê*. $‘·HÔ ê\ HêD´‘·˝À ˝À|ü+ e\¢ |ü+≥ qwü+º »]–‘˚ yÓ+≥H˚ ‘·–q qwü º | ü ] Vü ‰ s¡ + n+<˚ ˝ ≤ ñ+&Ü*. ø£ + ô|˙\ Á|ü j Ó ÷ »Hê\ø£ + fÒ $‘· Ô q ¬ s ’ ‘ · T \, Ç‘· s ¡ ¬ s ’ ‘ · T \ Á|üj÷Ó »Hê\≈£î ÁbÕ<Ûëq´‘· <äø±ÿ*.

2.

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Á;&És,Y bòÂ+&˚wHü é $‘·HÔ ê\qT K∫Ñ·+>± s¬ ‘’ T· \ düV≤ü ø±s¡ dü+|ò÷ü \≈£î sTTyê«*. $‘·HÔ √‘·Œ‹Ô #˚sTT+#ê*. s¬ ‘’ T· \≈£î dü_‡&ûô|’ H˚sT¡ >± n+~+#ê*.

6.

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5.

s¬ ‘’ T· \T rÁe+>± qwübº ˛‘·Tqï~ ‘êeTT |ü+&ç+∫q |ü+≥\≈£î Hê´j·TyÓTqÆ ˝≤uÛkÑ Õ{Ï <Ûsä \¡ T sêø£b˛e&É+ e\¢H.˚ |ü+≥\ ñ‘·Œ‹Ô Ks¡TÃ\T >∑D˙j·T+>± ô|s¡T>∑T‘·THêïsTT. ms¡Te⁄\T, |ü⁄s¡T>∑T, ø£\T|ü⁄ $cÕ\T, $‘·HÔ ê\ <Ûsä \¡ T, Á{≤ø£sº T¡ ,¢ sTT‘·s¡ j·T+Á‘ê\ øÏsêsTT\T, ≥sYà˝ÀHé‡ô|’ e&û\¶ T, uÀsY u≤e⁄\ô|’ ô|≥Tºã&ÉT\T, ø£s¬ +{Ÿ˝À y√˝ÒJº ‘√ e#˚à düeTdü´\T, yÓ÷{≤s¡T¢ ø±*b˛e&É+, Á{≤Hé‡ bòÕs¡às¡T¢ ø±*b˛e&É+, ]ù|s¡T¢, kÕù|øÏøå +£ >± ≈£L© s¬ ≥T¢ ô|s¡>&∑ +É , Áô|y’ {˚ Ÿ n|ü⁄Œ\ô|’ e&û\¶ ‘√ s¬ ‘’ T· ô|’ nH˚ø£ uÛ≤sê\T |ü&TÉ ‘·THêïsTT. ø±˙ M≥ìï{Ï˙ dü]>± ˝…øÏÿ+∫, |ü+&çq |ü+≥ n$Tà‘˚ Ks¡TÃ\T b˛qT s¬ ‘’ T· ≈£î ˝≤uÛ+Ñ ñ+&˚˝≤ <Ûsä \¡ T sêyê*‡ ñ +~. Á|ü|+ü #·+˝À e÷¬sÿ{Ÿ ø√dü+ »]π> Ç‘·s¡ @ ñ‘·Œ‹Ô ø±s¡´Áø£eT+ ˝ÀHÓH’ ê Ç<˚ dü÷Á‘·+ neT\e⁄‘·T+~. ø±˙ s¬ ‘’ T· \T |ü+&ç+#˚ |ü+≥\ $wüjT· + e#˚à dü]øÏ Ç~ ]esY‡ ne⁄‘·T+~. s¬ ‘’ T· m<äTs¡T dü_‡&û Ç∫à <˚XÊìøÏ ‹+&ç ô|{≤º*. øπ +Á<ä, sêÁwüº Á|üuTÑÛ ‘ê«\T ø±˙, dæ.@.dæ.|” ø±˙ <Ûsä \¡ ìs¡j í T· + $wüjT· +˝À nqTdü]+#˚ $<ÛëHê\T s¬ ‘’ T· ≈£î ñ] ô|fÒyº .˚ á $<ÛëHê\‘√ s¬ ‘’ T· qwüº b˛e&ÉyT˚ ‘·|Œü ˇø£ÿ kÕ] ≈£L&Ü ˝≤uÛ+Ñ bı+<ä˝<Ò Tä . e÷¬sÿ{Ÿ j·÷s¡T˝¶ À¢ <√|æ&û BìøÏ n<äq+. sêÁwüº, πø+Á<ä Á|üuÛÑT‘ê«\T <Ûäs¡\ $wüj·T+˝À ¬s’‘·T\‘√ <√uÛÑ÷#·T˝≤&ÉT‘·T+{≤sTT. ˇø£]ô|’ eTs=ø£s¡T HÓ|ü+ HÓfdºÒ Tü ≈£î+≥÷ s¬ ‘’ T· \qT eTT+#·T‘·T+{≤s¡T. n+‹eT+>± |ü]ÁX¯eT\≈£î #·eø£ <Ûäs¡\≈£î e´ekÕj·T ñ‘·Œ‘·TÔ\qT n+~+#·&+É M] \ø£´å +. $ìjÓ÷>∑<ës¡T\ô|’ uÛ≤s¡+ |ü&≈É L£ <ä<˙ä , ÄVü‰s¡ Á<äy√´\“¤D+ ô|s¡>∑ ≈£L&É<˙ä , WTO ìã+<Ûqä \qT bÕ{Ï+#ê\˙ ø£ãTs¡T¢ #ÓãT‘·÷ ¬s’‘·T\ q&ç¶ e÷Á‘·+ $s¡TdüTÔ+{≤s¡T. ¬s’‘·T\T $ìjÓ÷>∑<ës¡T\T>± ≈£L&Ü ø£+ô|˙\ #˚‘T· ˝À¢ qwübº ˛‘·THêïs¡ì ‘Ó*dæHê, nø£ÿ&É e÷Á‘·+ eTÚq+>± ñ+{≤s¡T. |ü+≥\T ø√‘·≈î£ e∫Ãq|ü⁄Œ&˚, ¬s’‘·T\T e÷¬sÿ{Ÿ≈£î ‘Ó∫Ãq|ü⁄Œ&˚ <Ûäs¡\T nø£kÕà‘·TÔ>± |ü&çb˛‘·T+{≤sTT. Á|üuÛÑT‘ê«\T #√<ä´+ #·÷düT+Ô {≤sTT.

kÕºø˘ e÷¬sÿ{Ÿ ˇ&ç<Tä &ÉT≈£î\≈£î >∑Ts¬ ‘’ ˚ |üsT¡ >∑T˝…‘Ô˚ Á|ü<ëÛ q eT+Ár, Ä]∆ø£ eT+Ár s¬ ‘’ T· \ |ü+≥\ <Ûsä \¡ T |ü&bç ˛sTTHê |ü{Ϻ+#·T ø√s¡T. e÷¬sÿ{Ÿ ˝À CÀø£´+ #˚düT≈£îì <Ûäs¡\qT ì\u…≥sº T¡ . e÷¬sÿ{À¢ ÄVü‰s¡ ñ‘·Œ‘·T\Ô <Ûsä \¡ T ô|]–‘˚ e÷Á‘·+ Ä|òTü y˚T|ò÷ü \ MT<ä ~>∑TeT‘·T\≈£î |üPqT≈£î+{≤s¡T. <Ûsä \¡ ìj·T+Á‘·D≈£î |üPqT≈£î+{≤s¡T. Ç‘·s¡ <˚XÊ\ e´ekÕj·T ñ ‘·Œ‘·T\Ô T ‘·≈î£ ÿe <Ûsä \¡ øπ Á|ü|+ü #· e÷¬sÿ{Ÿ≈î£ edüTHÔ êïj·Tì ø±s¡D≤\T #Ó|Œæ , Çø£ÿ&É ø£˙dü eT<ä‘› T· <Ûsä \¡ qT ô|+#·sT¡ . n<˚ dü+<äs¡“¤+˝À nø£ÿ&ç Á|üuÛÑT‘ê«\T nø£ÿ&ç ¬s’‘·T\≈£î/ ø£+ô|˙\≈£î e´ekÕj·T+ #˚jT· &ÜìøÏ, m>∑TeT‹ #˚jT· &ÜìøÏ ô|<ä› m‘·TqÔ dü_‡&û\T ÇdüTHÔ êïj·Tì e÷Á‘·+ Çø£ÿ&É #Ó|Œü s¡T.

|ü]cÕÿsê\T : 1.

sêÁwüº kÕúsTT˝À |ü+≥\ ñ‘·Œ‹Ô Ks¡TÃ\qT ˝…øÿ£ y˚d,æ sTTø£ÿ&É ¬s’‘·T\≈£î sTT#˚à ˝≤uÛÑkÕ{Ï <Ûäs¡\qT sêÁwüº Á|üuÛÑT‘·«+ ìs¡sí TT+#ê*. Á|üuTÑÛ ‘·«+ Á|üø{£ +Ï ∫q <Ûsä \¡ ≈£î #·≥º ã<ä‘∆ · ø£*Œ+#ê*.

2.

|ü+≥\ ñ‘·Œ‹Ô Ks¡TÃ\qT ‘·–+Z #˚+<äT≈£î sêÁwüº Á|üuTÑÛ ‘·«+ düTdæsú ¡ e´ekÕj·T |ü<‘∆ä T· \qT Áb˛‘·‡Væ≤+#ê*. øö\T <Ûsä \¡ ìj·T+Á‘·D, uÛ÷Ñ kÕs¡+ ô|+|ü⁄, e÷¬sÿ{Ÿ j·÷s¡T\¶ ìsêàD+, >√<ëeTT\ ìsêàD+, ≈£L© s¬ ≥¢ uÛ≤s¡+˝À dü_‡&û, nedüsy¡ TÓ qÆ |ü + ≥\qT H˚ s ¡ T >± ¬ s ’ ‘ · T \ qT+&ç ùdø£ s ¡ D ‘· ~ ‘· s ¡ $wüj÷· \˝À Á|üuTÑÛ ‘·«+ ô|≥Tºã&ÉT\T ô|+#ê*.

3.

‘·≈î£ ÿe <Ûsä ≈¡ î£ HêD´yÓTqÆ $‘·HÔ ê\T, yÓT≥º ÁbÕ+‘ê\˝À 10 mø£sê\ es¡≈L£ ñ∫‘· $<äT´‘Y, e&û˝¶ ìÒ |ü+≥ s¡TD≤\T, |ü+≥\ ;Ûe÷, Á|üø £ ‹ yÓ|’ Øü ‘ê´\ |ü]Vü‰s¡+ ø√dü+ ≈£L&Ü Á|üuTÑÛ ‘·«+ ô|≥Tºã&ÉT\T ô|{≤º*.

4.

e÷¬sÿ{Ÿ j·÷s¡T\¶ ≈£î #·≥㺠<ä‘∆ · ø£*Œ+#·&+É , ÁbÕôddæ+>¥ j·T÷ì≥T¢ s¬ ‘’ T· \ ìs¡«Vü≤D˝À @sêŒ≥T #˚jT· &É+, s¬ ‘’ T· \≈£î nedüsy¡ TÓ qÆ nìïs¡ø±\ ùde\÷ ˇπø #√≥ \_Û+#˚˝≤ s¬ ‘’ T· ùdyê øπ +Á<ë\qT @sêŒ≥T #˚jT· &É+, ∫qï düqïø±s¡T s¬ ‘’ T· \≈£î ñ|üj÷Ó >∑|&ü ˚ ∫qï ø£eT‘ê\≈£î ñ|üj÷Ó >∑|&ü ,˚ yÓT≥º ÁbÕ+‘· s¬ ‘’ T· \≈£î ñ|üj÷Ó >∑|&ü ˚ j·T+Á‘ê\‘√, eTVæ≤fi≤ e´ekÕj·T ≈£L©\ ÁX¯eTqT ‘·–+Z #˚ |üì eTT≥T¢, j·T+Á‘ê\‘√ - ø£d+ºü ôV≤’ ]+>¥ ôd+≥sY‡qT @s¡Œs¡#&· +É ≈£L&Ü Á|üuTÑÛ ‘·«+ ô|<ä› m‘·TqÔ #˚j÷· *.

5.

eTVæ≤fi≤ s¬ ‘’ T· \≈£î, <ä[‘·, Ä~yêd” s¬ ‘’ T· \≈£î, Áb˛‘ê‡Vü≤+, düV≤ü ø±s¡+ Ç#˚à $<Û+ä >± Á|ü‘´˚ ø£ #·s´¡ \T #˚|{ü ≤º*. |ü+≥\ ùdø£sD ¡ ˝À M]øÏ ÁbÕ<Ûëq´‘· sTTyê«*.

69

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s¬ ‘’ T· \ Ä]∆ø,£ Jeq Á|üe÷D≤\qT ~>∑C≤πsà eT] ø=ìï

$ìjÓ÷>∑<ëØ dü+düÿ ‹ Á>±MTD Á|ü»\ Ä<ëj·÷\qT Vü≤]düTqÔ ï~. ô|>’ ± eTqTwüß\ eT<Û´ä düJe dü+ã+<Ûë\qT

n+XÊ\T.

‘ÓH˚ÃdüTÔqï~. eTqTwüß\T ˇø£] ø£wüº düTU≤\qT ˇø£s¡T

1.

sêC≤´+>∑+˝À ÁbÕ<Û$ä Tø£ Vü≤≈£îÿ\T>± #Ó|Œæ q n+XÊ\ qT+&ç,

|ü{Ϻ+#·T≈£îH˚, $wüj·÷\qT #·]Ã+#·T≈£îH˚ kÕ+Á|ü<ëj·T+

Ä<˚•ø£ dü÷Á‘ê\qT+&ç Á|üuÛÑT‘·«+ yÓ’<=\>∑&É+ ≈£L&Ü

≈£L&Ü ø£qTeTs¡T>∑e⁄‘·Tqï~. e´ekÕj·T+ >∑T]+∫ s¬ ‘’ T· \

e´ekÕj·T ≈£î≥T+u≤\qT dü+øå√uÛÑ+˝ÀøÏ HÓ&ÉT‘·Tqï~.

<ä>sZ∑ ¡ ≈£Ls¡TÃì #·]Ã+#˚ yêπs Á>±e÷\˝À ø£sT¡ ej·÷´s¡T.

eTTK´+>± bÂwæºø£ ÄVü‰s¡+, |ü] X¯óÁuÛÑyÓTÆq ‘ê>∑T˙s¡T,

2.

˙{Ï $ìjÓ÷>∑<ëØ dü+|ò÷ü \T-yÓTT‘·+Ô >± mìïø£\ sê»ø°j÷· \

Á|üuTÑÛ ‘ê«\ u≤<Û´ä ‘·. ø±˙ á u≤<Û´ä ‘· qT+&ç Á|üuTÑÛ ‘ê«\T

s=+|æ˝À ≈£Ls¡T≈£îb˛sTT`yê{Ï ì»yÓTqÆ ø±sê´#·sD¡ qT eT]∫

yÓ<’ =*– b˛j·÷sTT. s¡÷bÕsTTøÏ øÏ˝À _j·T´+ Çe«&É+ ‘·|Œü

b˛j· ÷ sTT. Á|ü u Û Ñ T ‘ê«\T ≈£ L &Ü yê{Ï ø Ï ì<Û ä T \T

(n~ bÂwæøº £ ÄVü‰s¡+ ÁøÏ+~øÏ @ e÷Á‘·eT÷ sê<äT) $T–*q

n+~+#· ≈ £ î +&Ü, yê{Ï ì dü « j· T + Á|ü ‹ |ü ‹ Ô ‘ √

n+XÊ\ìï{Ï˙ Á|üuTÑÛ ‘·«+ e~˝Òd+æ ~.

ì\ã&É˙j·T≈£î+&Ü, ‘·eT #Ó|ü #˚‘·T˝À¢ ñ+#·T≈£îH˚

|æ\¢\≈£î $<ä´, n+<ä]ø° Äs√>∑´+ n+~+#·&É+ ≈£L&Ü

<äTs¡T<˚X› ´¯ +‘√ yê{Ï |üì rs¡TqT ˙s¡T ø±πsÃXÊsTT. 6.

yÓTT‘·+Ô >± e´ekÕj˚T‘·s¡ düe÷»+ ≈£L&Ü Á>±MTD e´ekÕj·T

yÓ<’ =\>∑&+É e\¢ Áô|y’ {˚ Ÿô|’ M{Ï ø√dü+ s¬ ‘’ T· ≈£î≥T+u≤\T

düe÷»+ qT+&û <ä÷s¡+ »]– b˛sTT+~. ÄVü‰sêìï

Ä<Ûës¡|&ü &É +É ô|]–b˛sTT+~, Ç~ ≈£L&Ü s¬ ‘’ T· ≈£î≥T+u≤\ô|’

<äTø±D≤\˝À ø=qTø√ÿe#·ÃH˚ $ìjÓ÷>∑<ëØ <Û√s¡D,Ï Á>±e÷\

ô|qT uÛ≤sêìï yÓ÷|ü⁄‘·Tqï~. |ü+≥\ bı+~ø£˝À e∫Ãq

>∑T]+N, |ü+≥\ >∑T]+N, s¬ ‘’ T· \ >∑T]+N Ä˝À∫+#·≈î£ +&Ü

e÷s¡TŒ\T ≈£L&Ü (|ü‹Ô ô|s¡>&∑ +É ) Á|ü»\≈£î bÂwæøº £ ÄVü≤s¡+

|üsêsT÷ø£]+∫+~. Á>±e÷ìøÏ yÓfifl‚ Á|üuTÑÛ ‘·« ñ<√´>∑T\T,

n+<ä≈î£ +&Ü #˚d+æ ~. |üXó¯ b˛wüD ‘·–bZ ˛e&É+ ≈£L&Ü BìøÏ

{°#s· T¡ ¢ ≈£L&Ü øπ e\+ ‘·eT e ‹Ô ÁbÕ+>∑D≤\πø |ü]$T‘·yTÓ Æ

Ä»´+ b˛dæ+~. e´ekÕj·T ≈£î≥T+u≤\ ø=qT>√\T X¯øÔÏ

b˛‘·THêïs¡T ‘·|Œü Á>±eT+˝Àì Á|ü»\‘√ düJe dü+ã+<Ûëìï

‘·–bZ ˛e&É+ ≈£L&Ü Á>±MTD eTVæ≤fi¯\, |æ\\¢ Äs√>∑´+˝À

ø√˝ÀŒj·÷s¡T. m+‘·>± yês¡T <ä÷s¡+ nj·÷´s¡+fÒ Ä

ô|qT e÷s¡TŒ\≈£î ø±s¡DeTe⁄‘·Tqï~.

Á>±eT+˝À s¬ ‘’ T· Ä‘·àVü≤‘·´ »]–Hê düŒ+~+#·q+‘·.

Á>±MTD ÁbÕ+‘ê\˝À ˇø£ eTVü≤e÷à]>± e÷]q eT<ä´+

á |ü]dæú‘·T˝Ò e´ekÕj·T<ës¡T\qT Ä‘·àVü≤‘·´\≈£î |üP]

n\yê≥T (ø£©Ô ø£\T¢, >∑T&ÉT+u≤, *ø£ÿsY) e´ekÕj·T<ës¡T\

ø=\TŒ‘·THêïsTT. e÷¬øes¡÷ ˝ÒsH¡ ˚ uÛ≤eq≈£î >∑T] #˚dTü HÔ êïsTT. á

≈£î≥T+u≤\qT HêX¯q+ #˚düTÔqï~. Á|üuÛÑT‘·«+ m¬ø’‡CŸ

|ü]dæ‘ú T· \qT e÷s¡Ã≈£î+&Ü, s¬ ‘’ T· \≈£î uÛsÑ √kÕ Çe«≈£î+&Ü Ä‘·àVü≤‘·´\T

Ä<ëj·T+ ø√dü+ Bìì Áb˛‘·‡Væ≤düTqÔ ï~. Bì e\¢ qcÕº\T

Ä>∑e⁄. Ç+<äT˝À Á|üuÛÑT‘ê«\T, n~Ûø±s¡ j·T+Á‘ê+>∑+ u≤<Ûä´‘·

ø£fi¯fl≈£î ø£q|ü&ÉT‘·THêï Á|üuÛÑT‘·«+ ìeTà≈£î ˙¬s‹Ôq≥T¢ ñ

Á|ü<ëÛ q+. düe÷»+ ≈£L&Ü ‘·q u≤<Û´ä ‘·qT HÓsy¡ s˚ êÃ*.

+<ä+fÒ, Á|ü»\T ‘ê– eT‘·TÔ˝À ñ+fÒ ‘·q $<ÛëHê\qT Á|ü•ï+#·sH¡ ˚ <äTs¡T<˚X› ´¯ + ≈£L&Ü ø£q|ü&TÉ ‘·T+~.

70

Á>±eT |ü+#êsTTr\T, düV≤ü ø±s¡ dü+|ò÷ü \T, $<ë´ ø£$T{°\T,

ìyêdüjÓ÷>∑´yÓTÆq edü‹ Á|ü»\+<ä]ø° ø£*Œ+#·&É+

Á|üuTÑÛ ‘·«+ u≤<Û´ä ‘·. ø±˙ á u≤<Û´ä ‘· qT+&û ≈£L&Ü Á|üuTÑÛ ‘·«+

3.

5.

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