RDJ Briefing - September 2023

ENERGY & SUSTAINABILITY

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FROM THE EDITOR

FOOD SECURITY: URGENCY NEEDED!

DearReader,

Welcome back to the RDJ Briefing (Energy andSustainability).

In this edition, we find ourselves confronted with an issue of paramount importance that has profound implications not only for Africa butfortheentireglobalcommunitylookingat Food Security in Africa. Our team looks into this multifaceted challenge, exploring the intricacies of food production, distribution, andaccessibilityacrosstheAfricancontinent, all while preparing you for the critical discussion of climate change and its repercussionsinsubsequentissues

Africa, often celebrated for its rich cultural diversityandbreathtakinglandscapes,isalso a continent marked by stark disparities in accesstofood.Theenormityofthischallenge cannot be overstated According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), approximately256millionpeopleinAfricaare undernourished,accountingfornearly20%of the continent's population This matter is further exacerbated by rapid urbanization, andconflicts,whichdisruptfoodsystemsand threatenthewell-beingofmillions.

Thenexusbetweenfoodsecurityandclimate changeisalsoundeniable Achangingclimate leads to unpredictable weather patterns, prolonged droughts, and more frequent and severestorms,allofwhichdisruptagricultural andquality.Itisimperativethatwe,asa

global community, acknowledge the urgency ofaddressingfoodsecurityinAfrica,givenits far-reaching consequences on both regional andglobalstability

In the words of Kofi Annan, the former Secretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNations: "Famine is easy to prevent if we act in time, and act in a coordinated way."

Therefore,aswedelveintothecomplexitiesof food security in Africa in this edition, let us remain mindful of the looming specter of climate change In the October 2023 edition, we will direct our attention towards understanding climate change's far-reaching impacts on agriculture, ecosystems, and livelihoodsinAfrica,aswellasthestrategies tomitigateandadapttothesechanges

Hope you find this edition informative as usual, and we continue to encourage you to followusandengagewithusonalloursocial mediaaccounts.

As always, the conversation continues at briefing@rdjpublishing.africa.

Yours, editor@rdjpublishing.africa

(DavidA.Jarrett) Editor Authors RDJInterns*

Did you know?

17% of all food available at consumer levels is wasted. (United Nations)

This amounts to a big waste of resources used in production, such as land, water, energy and other inputs, and unnecessary greenhouse gas emissions. By reducing food waste, you can save money, reduce emissions, and help preserve resources for future generations.

Quick Facts

Food systems generate one-third of all greenhouse gas emissions and are responsible for up to 80% of biodiversityloss (UnitedNations)

500millionsmallfarmsprovideupto80%offoodfor most of the developing world. An estimated 400 millionsmallholderfarmersareundernourished. Intheworld’smainteaproducingregionsmorethan 30% of children are malnourished. In Malawi, this risesto50%.

In sub-Saharan Africa, 1 out of 4 people lacks adequatefoodforahealthyandactivelife.

InSeptember2015,193UNmemberstatesagreedto 17 goals, known as the Global Goals. Goal 2 aims to end hunger, achieve food security and improve nutritionandpromotesustainableagriculture. The World Food Summit of 1996 defined that ‘food security exists when all people, at all times, have physicalandeconomicaccesstosufficient,safeand nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and preferencesforanactivelife.’

E C O N O M Y A T L A R G E

An Economic Opportunity in Africa: Food Preservation

AUTHOR: Chilombo (Olga) Priscila EconomicResearcher/Statistician@ RDJ Consulting

Many farmers tend to become comfortable with their annual post-harvest losses instead of employing adequate food preservation methods This attitude has a major economic impact for countries that rely on agriculture.

Courtesy::NigeriaHealthWatch

As the RDJ Briefing focusses on Food Security, so it is important for us to identify the impacting factors that are pivotal to achieving food security

Well, we can all agree how the rainy seasons are a blessing to agriculture and farming activities During these times, we all get to enjoy consuming freshly picked fruits and vegetables at our convenience What we also notice is that due to the excess supply during such times, a lot of these products unfortunately end up getting spoiled and thereafter, disposed of if they are not adequately preserved. And so, food preservation becomes a significant factor towards achieving and promoting food security

Food preservation in its simplest form is the process of treating and handling food in such a way as to stop or greatly slow down spoilage and prevent foodborne illness while increasing its shelf life, retaining original nutritional values, color, texture, and flavor. This can be

achieved through a variety of methods such as Freezing, Canning, Pickling, Drying, Salting, Fermenting, etc.

It is important to remember that food is a basic need, and so, for an economy that is dependent on agriculture, spoilage of produce becomes a great challenge, especially today in the face of climate change, whereby the weather patterns are becoming more and more unpredictable.

In fact, Climate variability, overproduction, seasonal variation of supply and demand, and long transportation routes increase the urgency to implement food preservation mechanisms throughout the value chain

To understand this better, let us consider the African context, a continent where agriculture is by far its single most important economic activity. Agriculture employs more than half of Africa's current workforce, and smallholder farmers constitute 60% of the population in

low-income African countries. At the same time, the continent is marked by its diverse climates, limited infrastructure, and high post-harvest food losses

Globally, between harvest and retail, approximately 14 percent of the world’s food, valued at $400 billion is lost annually At the same time, an estimated 17 percent of food is wasted at the retail and consumer levels.

Enhanced Market Access and Trade

African nations have the potential to extend the shelf life of perishable goods by adopting proper food preservation methods This act then enables producers to enter the international markets and engage in additional international trade This expanded market access opens up new avenues for revenue generation and economic growth, as seen in the success stories of dried fruits from South Africa and Kenya, as well as processed spices from Nigeria

Employment Generation

In addition, research done by the World Bank also indicates that every year, Nigeria (considered to be one of Africa’s largest food producers) losses and wastes 40% of its total food production, which is equivalent to about 31% of the country's total land use, and responsible for 5 percent of its greenhouse gas emissions This waste is mainly attributed to the inability of employing suitable methods of food preservation especially for the excess produce throughout the value chain. In terms of refrigeration as a method of food preservation, it is estimated that 37% of Nigerian agricultural production requiring refrigeration is lost due to inefficient or nonexistent cold chains As a result, food spoilage caused by a lack of cold storage causes 93 million small farmers in Nigeria to lose 25% of their annual income

In the face of all these losses, it is important to consider the different economic opportunities that will contribute to reducing food waste, increasing agricultural productivity, and fostering economic growth

Reducing Food Waste

Food preservation techniques such as drying, canning, and cold storage significantly reduce post-harvest losses that can amount to as much as 50% of harvested produce in some African countries. This reduction in food waste not only ensures a stable food supply for local populations but also enhances the value chain by minimizing losses for farmers and distributors, thereby increasing their income potential

Investments in food preservation infrastructure, such as cold storage facilities and processing units, create employment opportunities across the value chain. From farm-level sorting and processing to distribution and marketing, the preservation industry stimulates job creation, particularly in rural areas where employment options are limited

Investment Attraction

A well-developed food preservation sector attracts both domestic and foreign investments. With a growing demand for processed and preserved foods, investors are drawn to opportunities in modernizing food production, storage, and distribution systems This influx of capital contributes to economic development and technological advancements

Conclusion

In conclusion, the economic benefits of food preservation in Africa are substantial. Reduction in food waste, expanded market access, employment generation, and investment attraction collectively foster economic resilience and growth Governments, in collaboration with international organizations and private sectors, should prioritize the development and dissemination of efficient food preservation technologies and practices to unlock Africa's potential for sustainable economic progress while also promoting a more food secure nation.

Readings:

https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/ bitstreams/1c46d2ca-beeb-5d9c-a90afbea8fadb570/content#:~:text=1%20Yet%20each%20yea r%2C%20Nigeria,of%20the%20country%27s%20GHG%2 0emissions

https://articles nigeriahealthwatch com/servingfreshness-how-coldhubs-is-tackling-food-waste-innigeria/#: :text=According%20to%20the%20World%20B ank,of%20its%20greenhouse%20gas%20emissions.&tex t=Fresh%20farm%20produce%20starts%20losing%20its %20nutrient%20value%20almost%20immediately%20af ter%20harvest

https://www afdb org/sites/default/files/news docume nts/chap2-ader 2021 en v15 pdf

“Between harvest and retail, approximately 14 percent of the world’s food, valued at $400 billion is lost annually”

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We approach each of our clients with fresh eyes to develop customized, unique strategies.

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Oiling Food Production and Farming

AUTHOR: Grace Kangotue Researcher/Economist@RDJConsulting

Food production efficiency is a constant task for farmers In the modern agricultural landscape, crude oil-derived products play a pivotal role in

enhancing food production From fertilizers to pesticides and machinery lubricants, these products are indispensable in optimizing crop yields and ensuring food security.

This article explores the diverse usages of crude oilderived products in farming, highlighting their significance in "oiling" the wheels of food production

Fertilizers are the lifeblood of agriculture, and crude oilderived products contribute significantly to their production. Nitrogen-based fertilizers, such as urea and ammonium nitrate, are manufactured using natural gas, a hydrocarbon derived from crude oil These fertilizers provide essential nutrients to crops, promoting healthy growth and higher yields Without them, global food production would be severely hampered

The control of pests and weeds is another critical area for protecting crops and ensuring maximum yields Many pesticides and herbicides are formulated with petroleumderived solvents and adjuvants For example, the active ingredient in many herbicides, glyphosate, is commonly mixed with petroleum-based surfactants to enhance its effectiveness. These products help farmers safeguard their crops against destructive insects and unwanted vegetation

Plastic mulch and irrigation systems are essential for efficient water management and weed control in agriculture. These systems often use petroleum-based plastics and pipes for their construction. Plastic mulch, in particular, conserves soil moisture, increases soil temperature, and reduces weed growth. It is a vital tool for vegetable and fruit growers, contributing to higher crop yields

The Other Side

Sadly, over 99% of all synthetic chemical’s such as pesticides and fertilisers are made from fossils fuels. Pesticides contributes to climate change at every stage of their lifecycle, starting from production and packaging, continuing through transportation and application to environmental deterioration and disposal It is further noted that the production of pesticides is energy intensive relative to the production of nitrogen fertilizers For example, it is said that one (1) kilogram (kg) of pesticides requires 10 times more energy on average compared to one (1) kg of nitrogen fertilizers.

Climate change and the increase in the demands for food production is expected to surge the application of pesticides in agricultural production to increase crop yields worldwide, despites its negative effects This will create a vicious cycle where agricultural production needs and continue to use pesticides intensifying climate change.

Synthetic pesticides are also stated to disrupt the intricate soil ecosystem and fertility, impacting the vital role of soil organisms in building organic matter and nutrient recycling This loss of soil biological activity diminishes carbon sequestration, a critical function of soil as a major carbon sink. Sadly, unsustainable land management has led to degradation in over 30% of global soils, perpetuating a harmful cycle where excessive fertilizers are needed to compensate for nutrient loss, making highly-fertilized plants more susceptible to pests and leading to increased pesticide use In contrast, wellmanaged agroecological systems promote plant resilience and rely on natural predators for pest control

Though the impact of pesticides on soils is multifaceted, international comparisons between organic and conventional farming systems indicate that organic farms notonlystoremorecarbonoverallbutalsosequesteritat arateapproximately14timeshigher

In the realm of modern agriculture, crude oil-derived products are integral to food production but with modern techniques such as with green hydrogen, alternatives are now possible.

From fertilizers and pesticides to machinery lubricants and plastics, these products support the growth of healthy crops and the efficient operation of farms. Without the contributions of crude oil-derived products, global food security would be at risk, making it clear that they are indeed the key to "oiling" the wheels of food production

As the agricultural industry continues to evolve, it is essential to explore sustainable alternatives to reduce the environmental impact of these oil-based products And as always the conversation continues at briefing@rdjpublishing.africa.

Readings:

//www panna org/wpcontent/uploads/2023/02/202301ClimateChangeEngFINAL.pdf pp 1-2 https://www panna org/news/pesticides-and-climate-change/

Hydrogen Hits the Road S Y N T H E T I C F U E L S

AUTHOR: Silpa Kanghono Coordinator:DigitalMarketingandEvents@ RDJ Publishing

In the heart of Africa, Namibia's government is blazing a trail toward a future defined by large-scale, costeffective renewable energy development Their

unwavering commitment revolves around crafting sustainable models that not only fuel fiscal growth but also nurture local communities. With a keen focus on renewableenergyinvestmentandtheproductionofgreen ammonia,Namibia'sexceptionalsolarandwindresources catapult the nation into a realm of unmatched competitivenessandenduringsustainability.

In order to facilitate the attainment of these objectives while raising awareness of this industry, the Government of Namibia, together with Hyphen Hydrogen Energy (Hyphen) officially launched in August the highly anticipated National Green Hydrogen Roadshow which is expected to run until November 2023. The roadshow kicked off in the Khomas region during August 2023, and is expected to visit key towns in all fourteen (14) regions acrossthecountry

This action which involves members from government and Hyphen is stated to interact with officials and various stakeholders across the country, aims at disseminating information about the Hyphen project and the newly introduced Socio-economic Development (SED) Framework, which was unveiled during an event held in Keetmanshoop, the capital of the //Kharas region

The Hyphen project represents the initial phase of GRN’s strategic plan to establish a substantial green hydrogen industry in Namibia, aimed at bolstering the country’s economic growth. This ambitious endeavor involves a total investment of approximately USD 10 billion, which is roughly equivalent to Namibia ‘s annual GDP According to sources at Hyphen, the project is expected to generate up to 15,000 new employment opportunities during its operational period A primary objective is to have approximately 90% of these positions filled by Namibian citizens. Hyphen has set a target of achieving 30% local

procurement for goods, services, and materials throughout both the construction and operational stages

Ms. Toni Beukes, Head of ESG at Hyphen, said: “We’re looking forward to engaging with different stakeholders to explain more about the project and share information about how the SED Framework can benefit Namibians We’re keen to understand more about what our stakeholders would like to know, speak about any concerns they may have and have an open and transparent conversation about the project, our timelines, and goals.”

The public’s thoughts matter…

Here are a few extracts from the public’s reactions and comments on social media platforms, especially LinkedIn, in response to this initiative:

“Great initiative, a step towards inclusion and closing the gap between wealth and poverty one little observation, I did not see the venues beforehand, I understand that’s probably due to logistics versus dissemination of schedule in time… where can I get the venue for Oshakati?”

Adelaide Hanse

“Well done HYPHEN Hydrogen Energy Inspiring and educating an entire nation Truly commendable when entities consider the legitimate interests of all stakeholders” Jason

Hailonga

Hardap and //Kharas

04-07 September 2023

“Great to see the roadshow reaching and engaging with the people of Namibia Educating and informing on this massive Green Hydrogen project is what it is all about”.

Sanjay Korteweg

“I will just advice the roadshow team to integrate local community members in their activities and incentives, as a means to support/contribute to local economy and promote the social Economic Development framework”

Andries Indongo

What’s Next?

The roadshow will continue with Ohangwena, Omusati, Oshana and Oshikoto from 02-05 October 2023 Following Kunene and Otjozondjupa from 16-19 October 2023 And then Omaheke and Erongo from 30th October - 02 November 2023. Lastly Zambezi, Kavango East and West which was due for 18th-20th September 2023, which is now scheduled for towards the end of the roadshow, specifically the week commencing 13 November 2023

More information about the roadshow and visit dates can be found by visiting the Government of Namibia’s dedicated website https://gh2namibia com/ or Hyphen’s official Website (https://hyphenafrica.com/news/) and their respective social media platforms.

Zambezi, Kavango East and West 18th-20th September 2023

Ohangwena, Omusati, Oshana and Oshikoto from 02-05 October 2023

Mining Expo and Conference: Namibia 2023

The conference this year featured a total of 164 exhibitors and 268 booths, showing a notable increase in the booths compared to last year which saw 103 exhibitors and 163 booths.

Namibia’s Mining Expo and Conference has become a steadfast beacon for industry professionals, policymakers, and trailblazing innovators moving towards a brighter future. Over the years, it has evolved into a vital platform, fostering invaluable dialogue, facilitating the exchange of knowledge, and embarking on a transformative journey into the world of cutting-edge technologies that are revolutionizing our approach to the extraction, processing, and stewardship of Earth’s invaluable resources.

On the 30th of August 2023, Namibia’s Vice President, Dr Nangolo Mbumba officiated the Mining Expo and Conference which took place in Windhoek – the capital city During his address, he stressed the importance of consistently harnessing our natural resources for the benefit and welfare of the citizens He underscored that exploration and mining stand as the foremost pillars of Namibia’s economy, and therefore urged a faster pace in developing the implementation strategies to expedite the realization of opportunities as it will guarantee Namibian citizens, especially the youth, employment and personal growth.

The conference this year featured a total of 164 exhibitors and 268 booths, showing a notable increase in the booths compared to last year which saw 103 exhibitors and 163 booths The theme for this year’s conference, “Namibia’s Role in the Sustainable Supply of Minerals to Support the Global Energy Transition, ” carried substantial importance, highlighting the crucial role that industry plays in promoting sustainable energy transition, both local and at a global scale Mining will need to be ramped up to support the much needed minerals for the likes of e-mobility and renewable energy proliferation.

The two-day event which aimed to showcase the Namibian mining industry to Namibian citizens, presented and discussed industry contributions by assessing the mining sector’s positive impact on the Namibian economy while addressing the challenges it faces. In addition, the event also provided an open platform for stakeholder engagements on business opportunities within the mining industry, particularly local suppliers and contractors. In doing so, the youth and professionals were greatly encouraged to consider rewarding and diverse career paths within the mining industry.

The conference agenda covered a diverse array of significant subjects and presentations related to the industry’s overview, policy and regulation framework and the potential of Namibia’s resource wealth in facilitating the global shift towards sustainable energy The topics presented included the following:

Nuclear energy in the global energy transition implication for Namibia’s uranium sector; Africa’s next biggest lithium and tin mine the case of Andrada’s, Uis tin mine; overview of critical minerals deposits in Namibia - geological survey of Namibia; and rare earth alliance Namibia strategic partnership for Namibia to become the next rare earth producer.

It is very clear then that with such high-level presence, Namibia is committed to positioning itself as a formidable producer Dr Nangolo Mbumba, the Vice President of Namibia, encouraged the relevant government ministries, department, the mining industry, private sector, development banks and partners to expedite the process as swiftly as possible.

E L E C T R I C I T Y

Electric Vehicles: Do the costs add up?

AUTHOR: David Jarrett Editor@ RDJ Publishing and RDJ Group ChiefExecutiveOfficer

There is no need for us to introduce you to electric vehicles (EVs) as the “train has left the station” and as part of the Just Energy Transition (last

month’s lead topic), EV’s are an essential component

The cost-effectiveness of adopting electric vehicles for individual’s and businesses depends on several factors, including purchase incentives such as tax exemptions or write-off’s, operating costs, charging infrastructure, range, and overall Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) analysis as EVs have fewer moving parts, which translates into lower maintenance costs over the vehicle's lifespan This can result in substantial savings for businesses, especially those with large fleets

It is important that Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) be unpacked as TCO will be impacted by the tariff although EVs are known for their lower operating costs. The assumption that electricity is inherently cheaper than gasoline or diesel significantly impacts the Total Cost of

Ownership (TCO) of EVs However, we must question whether this assumption holds true and, more importantly, whether it will remain the same in the future, will it last?

Operation modality of an EV will ultimately determine its TCO profile so while all things being equal such as model, year and capacity (eg 24 kWh), the usage profile and energy source will definitely impact TCO In regard to this, we will focus on tariffs noting that even electricity produced by own power sources such as rooftop solar still comes at a cost per unit.

The source of electricity generation plays a significant role in determining its long-term cost Regions that rely on coal or other high-cost energy sources may see electricity prices rise, reducing the cost advantage of EVs Conversely, areas with abundant renewable energy sources may continue to offer cost-effective electricity. So, let’s go:

While the cost advantage of electricity over gasoline or diesel is evident, it's essential to delve into the role of electricity tariffs in determining the true economic benefits of EVs Electricity tariffs, which govern the pricing structure for electric power, vary significantly from region to region and can have a substantial impact on the TCO of EVs

Residential vs. Commercial Tariffs: The pricing structure for electricity often differs between residential and commercial users. Businesses, particularly those with EV fleets, may have access to commercial tariffs that offer more favorable rates, but this isn't always the case The type of tariff can influence the TCO calculations for businesses considering EV adoption

Time-of-Use Tariffs: Many utilities offer time-of-use tariffs, where electricity rates vary based on the time of day. EV owners who charge their vehicles during off-peak hours can capitalize on lower rates, further reducing operating costs However, this requires careful planning and may not be feasible for all users

Future Tariff Trends: It's important to recognize that electricity tariffs are subject to change over time As the demand for EVs grows and the electricity grid evolves, tariffs may be adjusted. This could impact the

cost savings associated with EVs Proactive monitoring and adaptation of charging strategies will be necessary to maximizecostadvantages

Businesses and individuals considering EV adoption should therefore conduct a thorough analysis of their local electricity tariffs, consider future trends, and factor in variables like time-of-use rates A proactive approach tochargingandakeeneyeonelectricitymarketdynamics will be essential to maximize the long-term cost benefits ofEVownership

So, while EVs currently enjoy a cost advantage, a prudent and forward-looking approach is necessary to ensure that this advantage persists in the face of evolving electricity tariffs and energy market dynamics As always the conversationcontinuesat briefing@rdjpublishing.africa.

Readings:

U S Department of Energy (2021) "Calculate Electric Vehicle Costs " https://afdc energy gov/files/u/publication/ev-costs pdf International Energy Agency (2021) "Global EV Outlook 2021 " https://www iea org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2021

Deloitte (2021) "Electric vehicles: Setting a course for 2030 " https://www2 deloitte com/us/en/insights/industry/manufacturing /electric-vehicle-market-outlook html

Market Access Conference in Windhoek, Namibia with essential support from the European GET transform program

Namibia pioneers the partial deregulation of its electricity market, it sets an example for other SAPP member states

This comprehensive guide provides invaluable insights into Namibia's Modified Single Buyer (MSB) market and the broader SAPP regional market, addressing the critical need for consolidated information and assisting IPPs in navigating the complex processes involved The Southern African Power Pool (SAPP) has been instrumental in fostering cooperation and coordination among the power sectors of its member states This regional organization plays a pivotal role in managing the interconnected grid and facilitating the establishment of competitive electricity markets. While most electricity trading is still conducted by national utilities, SAPP member states are increasingly exploring the possibility of deregulating their national markets and embracing regional market participation.

Namibia has emerged as a pioneer in this endeavor by introducing MSB market rules, thereby partially opening its electricity market This pioneering position makes Namibia an exemplary model for other SAPP member countries interested in embarking on similar initiatives The "SAPP and MSB Market Access Guide" is positioned as a reference guide that will evolve with future editions to facilitate knowledge sharing and replication in the region

Namibia's decision to deregulate its electricity market is underpinned by its commitment to enhancing security of supply and its aspiration to become Africa's renewable energy hub. Achieving a greater share of renewable energy in the power mix necessitates increased distributed generation and clear technical and commercial rules for grid access and trading These rules benefit not only the hosting national utilities but also various market participants, paving the way for increased investment and market growth

Eng Stephen Dihwa, the Southern African Power Pool's Coordination Centre Executive Director, emphasized the guide's purpose: "Firmly acknowledging the local MSB market in Namibia, with this guide, we provide structured information on how to become an active SAPP member. We are starting from the advanced Namibian perspective but ultimately aim to boost electricity trading in the entire region through increased participation of independent players."

Robert Kahimise, Chief Executive Officer of ECB, further elaborated on the significance of the MSB market model: "From a policy perspective, our MSB market model has opened the door to a whole range of new investors and enables exports into the SAPP markets The guidelines offer vital information to anyone interested in tapping into this potential "

Simson Haulofu, Managing Director of NamPower, acknowledged that pioneering market reforms come with challenges. He emphasizes that the guide, while not solving all technical and commercial questions, provides a solid foundation for a common understanding among potential and existing participants in the MSB and SAPP markets. It serves as a crucial tool to facilitate smoother market transitions.

The launch of the "SAPP and MSB Market Access Guide" marks a significant step forward in supporting Independent Power Producers in navigating Namibia's electricity market and the wider SAPP regional market.

Linking national and regional markets not only benefits Namibia and its neighbors but also contributes to the broader continental landscape. Ene Macharm, Africa Partnerships Coordinator at GET.transform, emphasizes the potential of cross-border trading, stating, "We are excited to see the opportunities that open up for the sector through cross-border trading. Advancing these markets will provide valuable insights and offer economic prospects for Africa's Single Electricity Market."

R E N E W A B L E E N E R G Y

Sustainable Solutions for a Greener Future: RE and Food Preservation

AUTHOR: Grace Kangotue Researcher/Economist@ RDJ Consulting

Renewable energy (RE) sources can play a pivotal role to alleviate hunger and promote food security globally through food preservation approaches.

Food preservation is the keeping of food in such a manner that it does not good bad but rather safely stored for later consumption

While the World Economic Forum (WEF) reported that over 278 million people are faced with dreadful levels of hunger in Africa, in Sub-Saharan Africa alone about 37 percent of food produced is lost or wasted (World Resources Institute, 2022). This means that while some people are suffering hunger due to a lack of food, others have food that is going bad or spoiled as a result of germs contamination, chemical-enzyme activity and physical damages caused mostly to fruits and vegetables which then gets discarded Additionally, the lack of knowledge on appropriate ways to handle or preserve food for safe later consumption contributes to food being spoiled.

Food can be spoiled at any stage along the supply chain chains (from harvesting, transportation, storage to enduser consumption).

Perishable food such as vegetables and fruits go bad or spoil quickly if they are not preserved correctly, in comparison to non-perishable food such maize meal, rice and other such stable foods Approach food preservation methods can help to minimize food waste across the food supply chain by extending their shelf duration while maintaining food nutritional value and promote healthy eating. Traditional food preservation methods include drying, salting, smoking and fermentation In the pursuit of investigating low-carbon energy alternatives by means of deploying renewable energy sources, it is imperative that we redirect our attention towards the implementation of low-carbon preservation methodologies.

Courtesy:wwwweforumorg

So, let us explore some of the ways that one can utilise to preserve food such that it instantaneously meets food standards requirements and environmentally friendly:

Solar Drying: This method is widely used specifically in remote areas where there is no access to electricity Solar energy can be used to dry and dehydrate different types of food by using a simple homemade solar dryer that is made of wood pieces, shiny metal and plastic screen or greenhouse cloth to cover the food items placed in the dryer Solar dryers use heat from the sun to dry fruits, vegetables and meat to preserves its nutritional content while preventing it from going bad

Salting: Although this approach is no longer commonly employed as it used to be many years ago due to other food preservation methods development. It can be employed by adding salt to food items such to fish, pork or other meat products in return the salt prevents germs on these food items as dehydrates and makes water in food tissues unsuitable for microorganisms, insects, and other organisms to grow

Freezing: This is another commonly employed food preservation method to achieve the desired tastiness and nutritional qualities of food especially for fresh food and extend their lifetime Wind-powered refrigeration, hydroelectric-powered freezing, biogas-powered

refrigeration and solar-powered refrigerated containers are some of the renewable energy techniques that can be used to freeze food items. The temperatures of -18 C or below prevents the growth of harmful micro-organisms (David Pimentel and Marcia Pimentel:Energy use in food processingfornutritionanddevelopment).

In conclusion, integrating these approaches, along with others not mentioned here, we can sustainably preserve food, reduce waste, and enhance food security through elevated standards, promoting healthier diets while safeguardingtheenvironment

As always, comments and queries can be sent to editor@rdjpublishing.africa asthe conversationcontinues

Readings:

https://www weforum org/agenda/2022/08/hunger-in-africaseriousmillions/#: :text=World%20Hunger%20Index%3A%2020%25%20of,c hronic%20hunger%20%7C%20World%20Economic%20Forum https://www wri org/insights/3-ways-reduce-food-loss-wasteafrica

www.fao.org/3/cb2113en/CB2113EN.pdf

https://archive unu edu/unupress/food/8F072e/8F072E06 htm www fao org/fileadmin/templates/nr/sustainability pathways/doc s/Factsheet FOOD-WASTAGE.pdf

Courtesy:wwwfaoorg

W A T E R

Food Security essential: Water

AUTHOR: Grace Kangotue Researcher/Economist@ RDJ Consulting

Courtesy:wwwfaoorg

Water is Life! So no surprise it is an indispensable ingredient for sustaining agri-food systems, whether they involve livestock or crop farming.

Water shortages; however, pose severe threats to global agricultural production, with the potential to disrupt both livestock and crop farming

With an increase in population growth, urbanization, and climate change, the available water resources remain under pressure to meet the needs of people, animals and plants For example, the United Nations (UN) reported in 2021 that over 2 3 billion people reside in water-stressed countries, while more than 3 billion people live in agricultural regions facing high to extreme water shortages.

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO),

agriculture accounts for roughly 70% of total global freshwater withdrawals, making it the largest consumer of fresh water worldwide. The global population is expected to surpass 9.7 billion by 2050, meaning that agricultural food production must increase by 70% to meet demand, meaning, more pressure on the available water resources

The role of water in ensuring food security…

The role of water in food security is its ability to facilitate agricultural production Access to water enables productive activities such as livestock farming, irrigation, and small-scale agriculture, which contribute to food production and reduce hunger Water further supports commercial agricultural production on a larger scale,

meeting market demands and enhancing food security at both local and international levels

Beyond agricultural production, water is vital for household food processing and preservation. Apart from that, water also plays a critical role in the food supply chain by providing hydropower energy for processing, storage, and transportation

The lack of sufficient water supply, would mean less crop yields, leading to food scarcity and extreme prices for a very basic need like food. In fact, Guillaume Gruere and Makiko Shigemitsu from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) also emphasized in 2021 that "Water insecurity means food insecurity " Given water's essential role in food production, it is evident that water is a significant ingredient in achieving food security

What now?

To address water constraints in agricultural production and achieve food security and nutrition, the FAO recommends the following applications:

Improved water management;

Investments in water accounting, efficient irrigation,

resilientcropvarieties,andsoilhealth;andlastly,

Utilizing information and communications technology (ICT) for informed decision-making regarding land and waterresources.

In conclusion, achieving the sixth Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) which aims at ensuring access to Clean Water and Sanitation for all, is pivotal to the success of SDG2 which aims to end hunger by enhancing sustainable food security systems. Putting FAO’s recommended guidelines into practice can ease the stress in water, and therefore contribute towards achieving a morefoodsecureworld Theconversationcontinues

Readings:

https://www.unwater.org/water-facts/water-scarcity

https://www fao org/3/cb1447en/online/cb1447en html#chapter2 1

www.fao.org/3/cb1447en/cb1447en.pdf

https://www fao org/3/i7959e/i7959e pdf

https://docs wfp org/api/documents/WFP0000021123/download/

www fao org/3/cb9910en/cb9910en pdf

https://www oecd org/agriculture/water-food-systemssustainability/

https://www un org/sustainabledevelopment/water-andsanitation/

Courtesy:wwwunwaterorg

R O A D S A N D T R A N S P O R T

Lifelines: Transport Corridors

AUTHOR: David Jarrett Editor@ RDJ Publishing and RDJ Group ChiefExecutiveOfficer

Courtesy:Corridors,MineralResourcesandAgriculturalResources(Courtesy:JICA)

Transport corridors in Southern Africa stand as veritable lifelines of economic progress and regional integration within the subcontinent.

Southern Africa, with its rich array of landlocked nations and coastal states, places immense importance on these transport arteries, which not only facilitate trade but also foster socioeconomic development, enhance connectivity, and promote cross-border cooperation

These corridors, a network of interconnected transportation routes, encompass road, rail, and maritime links, serving as conduits for the movement of goods and people across this diverse and dynamic region.

An overview of some key transport corridors in Southern Africa, their significance, and the impact they have on the regional economy.

The North-South Corridor is one of the most critical transport corridors in Southern Africa, connecting the port of Durban in South Africa to Dar es Salaam in Tanzania, passing through several countries, including Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Malawi

This corridor provides a direct route for landlocked countries like Zambia and Malawi to access the Indian Ocean, reducing transportation costs and transit times.

It is a key driver of regional trade and economic integration and has received significant investment from various international organizations and governments to improve infrastructure and logistics alongtheroute

2 Trans-KalahariCorridor:

The Trans-Kalahari Corridor connects the port of WalvisBayinNamibiatoJohannesburginSouthAfrica throughBotswana

It serves as a vital trade route for landlocked countries in the region, such as Botswana and Zimbabwe, providing them with access to internationalmarkets

The corridor has been a focal point for infrastructure development to enhance road and rail connections, makingitmoreefficientforthemovementofgoods

3.MaputoCorridor:

The Maputo Corridor links the port of Maputo in Mozambique to South Africa's industrial heartland, GautengProvince

It facilitates the movement of bulk cargo, minerals, and manufactured goods between South Africa and theinternationalmarketsviatheIndianOcean Investment in upgrading the rail and road infrastructure along the corridor has been instrumentalinincreasingitscapacityandefficiency.

1. North-South Corridor:

ConstructingnewroadsCourtesy:ImageByWangXiNa

4.BeiraCorridor:

The Beira Corridor connects the port of Beira in Mozambique to Zimbabwe and Zambia, providing theselandlockedcountrieswithaccesstothesea. It plays a vital role in the transportation of various commodities, including minerals and agricultural products.

Investments have been made to rehabilitate and expand the infrastructure along the corridor to accommodategrowingtradevolumes.

5.LobitoCorridor:

The Lobito Corridor connects the Angolan port of Lobito to the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Zambia.

It is a crucial transportation route for the DRC, Zambia, and other neighboring countries, offering an alternative access point to the sea for landlocked CentralAfricannations

Improvements in rail and road connections have been undertaken to enhance trade flow through this corridor

These transport corridors have shown their necessity to the economic development of Southern Africa, by facilitating the movement of goods, reducing transportation costs, and promoting regional integration. Investment in infrastructure development, trade facilitation measures, and cross-border cooperation is therefore essential to ensure the continued growth and efficiency of these corridors, thereby fostering economic developmentandprosperityintheregion.

As always the conversationcontinues at briefing@rdjpublishing.africa.

Readings:

United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA). (2018). Review of Developments and Trends in Intra-African Trade World Bank Group (2019) SADC Regional Infrastructure

Development Master Plan: Transport Sector Plan

Southern African Development Community (SADC) (2021) SADC Regional Infrastructure Development Master Plan 2020-2030

Preparatory Survey for Southern Africa: Integrated Regional Transport Program https://openjicareport jica go jp/pdf/11991007 01 pdf

Criticalresource:RailCourtesy:Freepix

I C T & T E L E C O M M U N I C A T I O N S

21st Century and the African Farmer: Mobile Apps

AUTHOR: Chilombo (Olga) Priscila EconomicResearcher/Statistician@ RDJ Consulting

Imagine if by simply using a mobile device, any farmer could predict when it is suitable to sow specific types of crops, prevent diseases, increase

soil quality and thereafter, increase crop yield?

You know, it has been a few months now since we began tackling the issue of farming smartly in the different editions of the RDJ Briefing publication Seeing that it is such an important topic that affects everyone in a way, we couldn't stray from digging deeper into research to find out more possible and applicable methods of smart farming

Taking a little step back, the term “smart farming” is

quite broad and includes various tools and technologies to optimize agricultural activities. Among the most effective and convenient smart farming tools are machine learning, smart farming sensors - including mobile applications, drones and satellites, big data and forecasting and internet of things (Iot) For many SME’s, using advanced technology to optimize agricultural practices may be an expensive exercise, therefore, in this article, we will look at the use of mobile applications, which in comparison to other tools, stands to be the least costly but most accessible.

To-date, Smallholder farmers in most rural environments, especially in Africa, continue to operate independently,

Courtesy:Freepikcom

with relatively little help from experts about farming processes Farmers have poor access to inputs like fertilizers, inadequate access to infrastructure such as transportation networks, few opportunities to learn about best agricultural practices, and little information regarding crop prices

Mobile applications therefore have been developed to deliver relevant agricultural information to farmers for quite some time now These apps provide guidance on crop management, weather forecasts, market prices, and pest management

Let us now look at the case of Uganda

Market-led, User-owned ICT4Ag-enabled Information Services (MUIIS) Project

In an effort to support and harness agricultural productivity through the power of information and communication technologies (ICTs) and big data, the government of Uganda, through its Technical Centre for Rural and Agricultural Cooperation (CTA) implemented in 2015 mobile apps like MUIIS (Market-led, User-owned ICT4Ag-enabled Information Services), with the support of the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The MUIS Project was designed to provide farmers with weather forecasts, agronomic advice, and market information in an effort to empower farmers to make data-driven decisions and adapt to changing weather patterns

YEAR 2015 TO 2019

250 000 farmers digitally registered in its database.

3 609 farmers subscribed to the MUIIS service bundle.

A rapid crop yield assessment of soya bean, maize, beans and sesame carried out by the National Agricultural Research Organisation of Uganda and the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa over two seasons showed that farmers who subscribed to the bundle significantly improved their productivity Specifically, maize yields increased by 67%, far above the project target of 25%, and soya bean yields increased by 60% In addition, 874 subscribers qualified for insurance pay-outs, with over UGX 27 million (approximately US$ 7 249 at current exchange rate) paid in compensation for crops destroyed by drought.

Eric Mbidde, an agent from Luwero District, who joined MUIIS attests:

“I have profiled 700 farmers and I have learned a lot in the process I have been contracted by three large-scale farmers to provide extension services on technical issues like pest management, soil fertility management, early or

Courtesy:vecstock

timely planting etc. I have also become a better farmer and grow bananas, coffee and maize for sale, as well as poultry and livestock,” he said. “In future I would like to buy some pigs and also start biogas production I am confident that with all the skills I have acquired with the MUIIS initiative, my life and that of my family will continue to improve ”

Seeing how much this initiative has proved successful, it is recommended that countries facing similar challenges in farming should adopt the same. In fact, Ensibuuko - the Ugandan fintech start-up that handled the text message delivery platform during the project phase and was left responsible to run MUIIS, declared its interest in scaling up the project within Uganda, with the possibility of expanding to other African countries

Applications like Ghana’s Esoko provide a platform through which Non-governmental Organizations (NGO’s) can easily communicate with farmers and effectively share agricultural expertise with a large group of people Esoko has been helping enterprises manage rural communities since 2008 Traditionally focused on content services to farmers, the platform now provides data collection & digitization tools, biometric profiling, analytics, as well as communication services. Additional services such as digital credit, insurance, payments and transaction services have further been introduced According to its website, despite launching in Ghana, Esoko has evolved and now reached 350 000 farmers in 10 countries across Africa It has sent 9 5 million messages on one million prices in 170 markets collected by 150 field agents. In 2014, Esoko operated 29 344 calls in Ghana, of which 40 percent were related to weather data.

Other Mobile Phone Apps for Farmers in Sub-Saharan Africainclude:

GeoFarmer - an app which acts as a hub for farmers andagricultureexpertstoexchangevitalinformation Nuru - a mobile phone app used across sub-Saharan Africa to prevent and identify a major pest that is harmingcrops:Thefallarmyworm

Self-HelpAfrica-anappthatactsasahubforvarious informationrelatedtofarminginsub-SaharanAfrica

TruTrade - an app that not only acts as a vital resourceforsharinginformationregardingpricingand nearby markets, but also as a payment transaction system

The future

A hopeful future for a sustainably productive farming system in Africa rests on the ability of farmers to utilize sustainable technologies that help them to maximize production Mobile apps are, therefore, one step in the right direction towards creating a self-sustaining and thriving agricultural sector in every nation of Africa. The conversation continues at creating a self-sustaining and thriving agricultural sector in every nation of Africa. The conversationcontinuesat briefing@rdjpublishing.africa

Readings:

https://d4ag com/2020/06/06/innovative-digitalisation-projecttransitions-into-promising-business-2/ https://ict4ag cta int/2016/08/16/market-led-user-owned-ict4agenabled-information-service-muiis https://esoko com/who-we-are/

https://www geopoll com/blog/mobile-apps-farmersafrica/#:~:text=Self%20Help%20Africa%20is%20an,for%20goods%2 C%20and%20much%20more

Esoko

Courtesy: GettyImagesSignature

Networking at the Africa Energy Indaba is a powerful tool for professionals & businesses alike. It provides numerous opportunities to connect, collaborate, & build valuable relationships within your industry.

Here are some key reasons why networking at the Africa Energy Indaba holds such power:

To harness the power of networking at the Africa Energy Indaba, we invite you to:

WOMEN IN INDUSTRY

Interview with Ms. Shange-Ndamona Mungoba

Food Technology and Food systems are instruments to address the multiple dimensions of food security, includingavailability,access,utilization,andstability In

addressing this topic for this edition, we had an insightful conversation with Ms Shange-Ndamona Mungoba - a Food Science and Technology specialist who has over 5 years of experience of working in this field In this interview, Ms Shange sharesinsightsandvisionsforthefutureoffoodtechnologyand explores how we can create more resilient and equitable food systemsforthebenefitofourplanetandallitsinhabitants

Personal

Other than having experience in Food Science and Technology, Ms.Shange-NdamonaMungobaalsospecializesinFoodSystems andManagement,andatthemoment,sheofficiallystarted anew role on 11th September 2023 as a Programme Associate: Biotechnology and Food Fortification at the United NationsWorldFoodProgramme(WFP)NamibiaCountryOffice.Withinthis role, Ms. Shange-Ndamona will be responsible for coordinating and overseeing the WFP’s work on exploring and implementing biotechnologyrelatedapproachesacrossthefoodsystemsvalue chain.Furthermore,shewillprovidetechnicalsupportandadvice on biofortification and explore multiple avenues on reducing post-harvest loss through value addition whilst ensuring the effective integration of food safety and nutrition in WFPsupportedprojects.

In terms of her academic qualifications, Ms. Shange holds a postgraduate diploma in Food Systems and Management from Cranfield University, Bachelor of Technology in Food Technology from Cape Peninsula University of Technology,NationalDiplomain Food Technology from Cape Peninsula University of Technology and an Honours Degree in Business Management from Namibia University of Science and Technology Apart from this, she has developedakeeninterestintheoverallfoodsystemandcreating a circular economy Going forward, Ms Shange aims at committing her life to transform agricultural businesses by implementing corporate sustainability, food waste intervention, form resilient supply chains that promote food security and nutrition, and finally, enhance the production and commercialization of indigenous food and local farming in a competitiveinternationalmarket

During our conversation, we took the opportunity to further ask herspecificquestionssurroundingherself,herprofessionallifeas a food security enthusiast and her views in regard to the topic, andsheopenlyansweredasoutlinedbelow

“2023 - I recently completed a flagship programme, the Mandela Washington Fellowship. I was selected on merit to be trained at Jackson State University in the Business and Entrepreneurship track. I now have collaborative partners in over 23 African countries.

2022 – Working for a local Namibian, 100% women owned and run Food Assurance Consulting Company. Iyalago Food Assurance Consultants, where I was exposed to training staff, coordinating, and overseeing food safety and quality management of various fishing and other food operations that are run on and offshore.

2021 - I had the pleasure of working with the NSF International (Africa) as a Field Auditor. I was responsible for Food Safety and Business operations auditing in over 30 towns across Namibia and Botswana. Read more here https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/foodsafety-retail-operations-audits-over-30-towns-across-mungoba/. 2021 – Nominated by the Namibia Agronomic Board (NAB) to be trained as a registered GLOBALG.A.P. trainer.”

Interview by Ms Silpa Kanghono (Coordinator: Digital Marketing and Events- RDJ Publishing)

Please, describe any noteworthy milestones or personal achievementsthathighlightyourcareer.

Whatmotivatedyoutoventureinthefieldoffoodscienceand technology?

Ms. Shange said, “That is easy! Good health revolves around the notion of “you are what you eat” and “Food is medicine” Secondly, I had always been curious about science Lastly, I was raised by my mother, Mrs Natalia Tulimuwo Mungoba who previously worked with the Africa Groups of Sweden (a Swedish NGO) which aimed at facilitating child nutrition programmes Seeing the impact made, motivated me, and continues to inspire me ”

During your participation at the Mandela Washington Fellowship Summit, you were selected to meet the United States Secretary of State, Antony Blinken from the U.S Department of State to share your visions for food security. Tell us about the outcomes of your meeting and how it aligned with your visions for food security in Namibia?

Ms Shange believes Namibia has potential to transform its agricultural sector by highlighting her interest in up-scaling or food that has been lost or wasted She intends to create awareness in this regard and ultimately explore business opportunities in the same manner with the support of the US departmentofState

TheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationreportedin2019,that about14percentoftheworld'sfood,valuedat$400billion,is lostonanannualbasisbetweenharvestandtheretailmarket mainlyduetolackofappropriatefoodpreservationmethods. What are some applicable techniques that can be applied to minimizethislosslocally?

“Namibia is a net importer of food, and if the food goes unsold it is lost and goes straight to landfill This is an opportunity as it is currently not feasible to rework it Secondly, the food production sector has minimal to no technical infrastructure that is efficient enough to avoid food loss The food may be re-processed to create fertilizer, pest-control agents, bio-gas and most importantly animal feed I am ready to engage with experts in these areas along with investors to create these solutions for Namibia ” Sheresponded

ThemajorityofNamibia’spopulationisdependentdirectlyor indirectly on the agriculture sector for their livelihoods, however, this sector is constantly threatened by climate change. Elaborate on possible smart technologies that farmerscanusetosafeguardandincreaseproductionlocally, toreduceimportsdependency?

Ms Shange-Ndamona replied “We need to ensure that the seed quality is optimized, secondly, we need to have farmers plant various genes and assess their tolerance with respect to climate stressors e g drought, irregular rainfall patterns or pest infestation to mention a few. Our weather patterns are inconsistent, drones may be used to predict weather patterns. Unfortunately, traditional methods are still being used to guide farming practices”.

She continues, “We ought to create value addition for neglected crops such as Bambara GroundNut (Vigna subterranea (L.)Verdc). This is a popular crop in Namibia that has drought tolerance capabilities and is nutrient dense. When we create value and market for these crops, we will determine what farmers choose to grow. I had worked on a product development project during my studies where I developed dairy-free Ice cream using this ground nut. This is suitable for nutritional intake and lactose tolerance. We can make the most of what we have.”

In conclusion, what advice would you give women hoping to followinyourcareerfootsteps?

“Every day comes with an opportunity, make it count!” She concluded.

“Every day comes with an opportunity, make it count!”

-Ms. Shange-Ndamona Mungoba

YOUTH IN ACTION

Agriculture Statistic fostering Food Security Interview with Ms. Hileni Nakale

Interview by Ms Silpa Kanghono (Coordinator: Digital Marketing and Events- RDJ Publishing)

Agriculture plays a central and strategic role in sustaining livelihoodsthroughprovisionoffood,habitat,andjobs,as wellasinbuildingstrongeconomiesthroughtrade With

the projection in increased population within the coming years, this sector needs great attention and management in order to meet people’s needs One way in which better management of yields can be achieved is though employment of statistics and analysis related toagriculturetoemanateininformeddecisions

In fact, agricultural data is helpful in estimating, planning and forecasting the agricultural operation of agivenunitofarea,atagivenpointoftimetoensure adequate delivery to meet demand Accurate and timely statistics are key to inform decisions, policies andinvestmentsthattackleissuesrelatedtofoodand agriculture, from hunger and malnutrition, to rural poverty, from food systems productivity to the sustainable use of natural resources or to climate change

Todelveintothistopic,wehadthehonourofspeaking toMs HileniNakale(anAgricultureStatistician)during an exclusive interview, where she shared her experienceinthisfield Throughourconversation,we explored the challenges and opportunities in the agriculture sector and gained insights into her career journeyandhermotivations

Personal

Ms. Hileni Nakale was born and raised in Namibia, currently holding an Honours Degree in Geographic Information System from the University of Namibia, with four years of working experience at the Namibia Statistics Agency. She initially worked as a GIS clerk, where she was able to harness her cartography skills especiallywithsurveysandcensuses.Shethenmoved ontothesectionresponsibleforeconomics,whereshe focusedonpricestatisticsandtheneventuallymoving tohercurrentpostasanagriculturestatistician.

Her current responsibilities include, compilation of agriculturestatisticalbulletins,conductingagriculture statistics surveys and census, carrying out research and analytical work on agriculture and short-term indicators.

“For the sake of sustainability, we need to enter the agriculture sector, be it on a small or larger scale, and capitalize on it.”

-Ms. Hileni Nakale

Pleasedescribewhatmotivatedyoutopursueacareerinthe agriculturesector?

Ms Hileni said, “The agriculture sector in Namibia is the largest employment contributor to the Namibia labour force with 23 % (labour force 2018, NSA) notably the sector contributes 8 6 % (national accounts 2022, NSA) to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Knowing that I come from a country that has a high need of food security and sustainability predominantly due to the country's arid climate, I knew that I would attain the knowledge, passion, and skills to contribute to the fight of food insecurity at the same time the will/urge to learn more about the sector. Thus far I have been exposed to a progressive overview of the agriculture sector in Namibia, whereby one is exposed to the vast opportunities, current interventions, possible future interventions, data needs and gaps within the sector.”

BeingqualifiedinGeographicInformationSystems(GIS),and having special interests in Agriculture, explain how the two are linked and how GIS is being used to promote smart and productiveagriculturaloutputsinAfrica?

Geographic Information System (GIS) is such a powerful tool because it allows one to be able to capture, analyze, visualize, andinterpretspatialdata,saidMs.Nakale. “As of recent due to the global movement into digitalisation, GIS applications are popular and in demand in institutions, organizations, and governments as it contributes to planning and decision making. GIS and Agriculture are very closely linked and an integration of these two yields interventions and problem-solving solutions for the agriculture sector. Specifically, in precision farming whereby GIS enables farmers to collect, and analyze data related to their fields for instance the crops health by studying its soil type, moisture levels, with the use of satellite images and drones under the concept known as remote sensing GIS also provides real time and historical data on weather and climate conditions which is valuable for time series analysis hence providing farmers, knowledge on planting and harvesting times, and water management ”

What do you think is the future of agriculture in Africa in the nextfewyears?

Ms Nakalesaid,thefutureofAfricareallydependsonagriculture; this means that the future of agriculture in Africa is expected to exponentially grow over the next decade “It will involve the integration of technological interventions whereby farmers will have better access to financial services, youth engagement that entails initiatives to encourage young people to work in agriculture, sustainable agriculture practices to accommodate thefightofclimatechange,newpoliciesandstrategiesspeaking to agriculture and increased private sector investment in agricultureandgrowthofagribusinessandvalueaddition”

Namibia is a country that imports most of its food products. Althoughthishelpsreducefoodscarcityinthecountry,italso createsdependencyandinsecurity.

What do you think are some of the challenges inhibiting sufficient local production? and, What solution can the country adopt to foster local production and become more foodindependent?

“Namibia's reliance on food imports outlines a complex issue that many countries are grappling with It pertains to bargaining for immediate food security which is aimed at meeting the need of immediate food supply and long-term food sustainability Out of Namibia’s total imports, food products constitutes 10 8% (trade statistics 2022, NSA) The shortfall of domestic food production is d by issues such as: climate variability and extreme weather, and droughts; poor soil health and land degradation due to e, improper farming practices; limited access to credit e and access to inputs such high-quality seeds and currently y on imports of fertilizers, pesticides and animal vaccines ”

ermore, there are efforts that can be exercised to address nges inhibiting local production such as reviewing and ming policies and regulations to create an enabling nment for agriculture, access to both finance and inputs, tion and training and food processing and value addition” ndedMs.Nakale.

can young people be involved in the agriculture sector dinfosteringfoodsecurity?

akale indicated that to promote food security and ensure stainabilityofagriculturalmethods,itisessentialtoinvolve peopleintheagriculturalsector. “Some of the ways that the can be involved in agriculture are as follows: youth need to pate in both formal and informal agricultural education and g programs at schools, colleges, and vocational institutions; re encouraged to capitalize on these training and start up wn agribusiness ventures. They need to come up with youth rks and associations such as youth farming associations that rage collaboration, and advocacy on youth-related ltural issues.”

nclusion, what advice would you give the youth hoping ertheagriculturesector?

he sake of sustainability, we [as youth] need to enter the lture sector, be it on a small or larger scale as food insecurity ght that we inevitably must battle with in a long term rmore, if you have an interest, or an opportunity arises for o enter the sector, absolutely grab it and capitalize on it se this sector is rapidly growing and is the backbone for the ty of African countries ” concludedMs Nakale

UNI:NNOVATORS’ CALL FOR APPLICATION - THIRTY TEAMS EMERGE

Tuesday 29th August 2023 - Lagos, Nigeria

We are delighted to announce the shortlist of 30 teams from the Uni:nnovators’ Call to Application We received a total of 256 applications from across the 6 selected universities in Nigeria, Kenya and NamibiaThe six universities being University of Ibadan (Nigeria), University of Lagos (Nigeria), Riara University (Kenya), University of Nairobi (Kenya), University of Namibia (Namibia) and Namibia University of Science and Technology.

The selected startup ideas show great promise in creating life-changing continental impact across Healthcare, Renewable Energy, Waste Recycling, Food Security, Management of Water to mention a few.

The 30 selected teams will participate in a Design Sprint Workshop from August (2023) through September (2023) where they will work with facilitators from CoCreation Hub to strengthen their ideas after which the teams will pitch their low fidelity prototypes in an in-country Demo Day which will hold in each of the countries Six startup teams per country will then be chosen to move to the next phase of the program

The Uni:nnovators program is being co-funded and delivered by Cocreation Hub with Make-It-in-Africa, a project implemented by Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) on behalf of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ).

Here is the full list of the shortlisted teams.

TENDERS

Ministry of Mines and Energy

Description: : RP-Electrical Engineering Consultancy Services for Rural Electrification 2024-2025 to 2026-2027

Bid Closing Date: 13 October 2023 at 10:00 Namibian Time

www mme gov na/files/vacancies/416 RP-EECSRuralElectrification2024-2025to2026-2027FY pdf

Description: Peer Review for Petroleum Legislation (Acts, Regulations and Petroleum Agreement)

Bid Closing Date:13 October 2023

www.mme.gov.na/files/vacancies/f2a

Electricity Control Board

Peer%20ReviewforPetroleum.pdf

Description: Procurement of Consultancy Services: Request for Proposal to provide consultancy services for the Development of a downstream Gas Bill and associated Regulations for Namibia

Bid Closing Date: 20 October 2023 at 12:00 Namibia Time

www ecb org na/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Advert-Gas-Bill-project-2-19x4-1 pdf

Namwater

Description: Supply and Installation of Gantry and thrust blocks for the East Bank Booster Station at MarientalHardap.

Bid Closing Date: 12 October 2023 at 11:00 Namibian Time

https://www namwater com na/index php/quotations?id=656catid=22

Roads Authority

Description: Labour Based Constrution of Gravel District Road: DR4119 Omulondo to Oshuuli (23km)

Bid Closing Date: 26 October 2023 www.ra.org.na/Documents/Roads%20Authority%20Tenders/Invitation%20for%20Bids%202023/13986%20 Roads%20A uthority Procurement%20Tender%20Compliance%20-%20Works%20Tenders%20Sept%2027x7 pdf

CENORED

Description: The Supply, Delivery, Installation, Testing and Commissioning of Medium Voltage & Low Voltage Reticulations and Streetlighting for Otjinene – Shack Dwellers Federation

Bid Closing Date: 12 October 2023 at 10:00 Namibian Time https://cenored.com.na/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Electrifications-BID-Invitation.pdf

Description: The Supply, Delivery, Installation, Testing and Commissioning of Medium & Low Voltage Reticulations and Streetlighting for Otjiwarongo – Ombili Phase 8

Bid Closing Date: 12 October 2023 at 10:00 Namibian Time https://cenored com na/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Electrifications-BID-Invitation pdf

RESEARCHBY: PUBLISHEDBY:

PRINTEDBY:

CHILOMBO OLGA PRISCILA EDITORIAL,LAYOUTDESIGNERAND RDJGROUPEXECUTIVE-OPERATIONS

GRACE KANGOTUE RESEARCHER/ECONOMIST @RDJCONSULTING

DAVID JARRETT EDITORANDRDJGROUPCHIEFEXECUTIVEOFFICER EDITOR@RDJPUBLISHING.AFRICA

NICOLE FELIX CREATIVELEAD/EDITORIAL LAYOUTDESIGNER @RDJPUBLISHING

RENEE JARRETT RDJGROUPEXECUTIVE-ADMINISTRATION

SILPA KANGHONO COORDINATOR:DIGITALMARKETINGAND EVENTS @RDJPUBLISHING