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YOUR BRAND
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MIA PETERS
Editor’s Letter
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IMPRESSUM publisher FINANZAMT KÖLN-MITTE STEUERNUMMER: 215/5829/2118 UST-ID-NR.: DE 255256350 AMTSGERICHT KÖLN: HRB 60840 GESCHÄFTSFÜHRER: STEFAN DONGUS, HOLGER VON KROSIGK founder & editor in chief VANESSA GOBERT executive editor & devops KATRIN KOBBERGER editor PAULINA KULZYCKI
4 proofreader YUCEL BASOGLU treasurer MIA MEDAKOVA advertisements and organisation LUKE WHITE distribution DAVID BŘEZINA secretary MARK SIMONSON layout LEA VEROU print SPARKASSE KÖLN-BONN KTO 1900973676 – BLZ 370 501 98 IBAN: DE89 3705 0198 1900 9736 76 BIC / SWIFT-CODE: COLSDE33
FEATURED 21 CHANNEL (DIGITAL IMAGE)
Color digital images are made of pixels, and pixels are made of combinations of primary colors represented by a series of code.
36 HALFTONE
Halftone is the reprographic technique that simulates continuous tone imagery through the use of dots, varying either in size or in spacing, thus generating a gradient-like effect.
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48 SEPIA TONING
Sepia toning is a specialized treatment to give a black-and-white photographic print a warmer tone and to enhance its archival qualities. T he metallic silver in the print is converted to a sulfide compound.
62 MATHEMATICAL MORPHOLOGY
Mathematical morphology (MM) is a theory and technique for the analysis and processing of geometrical structures, based on set theory, lattice theory, topology, and random functions.
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QUICK-AND-DIRTY METHOD
HOW TO CONVERT PICTURES TO GRAYSCALE Most people use Adobe Photoshop Creative Suite 6 to enhance an image. T his may not happen by adding distracting colors. Sometimes, grayscale is the answer instead. You can convert a color image to grayscale in a multitude of ways. Here are a few that you may want to try.
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PHOTO BY: BESSIEVALDEZ
PHOTO BY: RAMONA PATTERSON
Choose Image Mode Grayscale. Photoshop then asks you whether you want to discard color information. Click Discard. If your image contains multiple layers, Photoshop first asks whether you want to merge your layers. If you want to keep your layers, click the Don’t Merge button. Although this method does the job in stripping color from your image, you may be left with an image that’s flat and lacking contrast. You can apply a Levels adjustment (choose Image Adjustments Levels) to boost the contrast, or you can try one of the other conversion methods. Be aware that you can no longer apply color to your image after you convert it. If you choose a color in the Color panel, the color appears gray in the foreground and background color icons. If you want to apply color to your grayscale image, convert it back to RGB or CMYK mode.
If you look at the individual channels in the image, one often stands out as being a very good grayscale image by itself.
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PHOTO BY: RITA RIOS
KNOWING HOW TO RETOUCH
SOFTEN EDGES WITH FEATHERING IN ADOBE PHOTOSHOP Knowing how to retouch an image in Adobe Photoshop CS6 means little if you don’t know how to make the retouching discreet. If you boost the color using curves to the CEO’s face, do you want it to look like a pancake has been attached to his cheek? Of course not — that isn’t discreet (or wise).
Choose Image Mode Grayscale. Photoshop then asks you whether you want to discard color information. Click Discard. If your image contains multiple layers, Photoshop first asks whether you want to merge your layers. If you want to keep your layers, click the Don’t Merge button. Although this method does the job in stripping color from your image, you may be left with an image that’s flat and lacking contrast. You can apply a Levels adjustment (choose Image Adjustments Levels) to boost the contrast, or you can try one of the other conversion methods. Be aware that you can no longer apply color to your image after you convert it. If you choose a color in the Color panel, the color appears gray in the foreground and background color icons. If you want to apply color to your grayscale image, convert it back to RGB or CMYK mode.
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SWITCH COLORS WITH REPLACE COLOR BY BARBARA OBERMEIER
T he Replace Color command in Photoshop Creative Suite 6 offers interesting creative effects by allowing you to switch one set of colors for another. It builds a mask, using colors you select, and then replaces the selected colors with others that you specify. You can adjust hue, saturation, and lightness of the masked colors.
11 Don’t worry about the size of the
last square; you have to scroll down to
shape. The shape is vector, so you can
select it. Don’t worry about the size of
scale it up or down to whatever size
the shape. The shape is vector, so you
you need without worrying about mak-
can scale it up or down to whatever
ing jagged edges. Just make sure to
size you need without worrying about
close the shape (re-
making jagged edg-
turn to the original
es. Just make sure to
point with the end
close the shape (re-
point).
When
turn to the original
create
the
you
shape,
it fills in with your foreground color. If
point with the end You can make the
point).
When
shape any size you want.
create
the
you
shape,
you wish, you can
it fills in with your
change the fill color
foreground color. If
to a transparent fill.
you wish, you can
When
Custom
change the fill color
Shape tool is select-
to a transparent fill.
ed, a Shape drop-
When
the
the
Custom
down list appears on the Options bar
Shape tool is selected, a Shape drop-
at the top of the screen. You have lots
down list appears on the Options bar
of custom shapes to choose from, in-
at the top of the screen. You have lots
cluding the one you’ve just created. If
of custom shapes to choose from, in-
you just saved a shape, yours is in the
cluding the one you’ve just created.
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If you look at the individual channels in the image, one often stands out as being a very good grayscale image by itself. PHOTO BY: EVA BARNES
Don’t worry about the size of the
point). When you create the shape, it
shape. The shape is vector, so you can
fills in with your foreground color. If
scale it up or down to whatever size
you wish, you can change the fill color
you need without worrying about
to a transparent fill. When the Custom
making jagged edges. Just make sure
Shape tool is selected, a Shape drop-
to close the shape (return to the orig-
down list appears on the Options bar
inal point with the end point). When
at the top of the screen. You have lots
you create the shape, it fills in with
of custom shapes to choose from, in-
your foreground color. If you wish, you
cluding the one you’ve just created. If
can change the fill color to a trans-
you just saved a shape, yours is in the
parent fill. When the Custom Shape
last square; you have to scroll down to
tool is selected, a Shape drop-down
select it. Don’t worry about the size
list appears on the Options bar at the
of the shape. The shape is vector, so
top of the screen. You have lots of cus-
you can scale it up or down to what-
tom shapes to choose from, including
ever size you need without worry-
the one you’ve just created. If you just
ing about making jagged edges. Just
saved a shape, yours
make sure to close
is in the last square;
the shape (return to
you have to scroll down to select it. Don’t
worry
about
Because a shape is created on its own layer, you can
the
original
point
with the end point). When you create the
the size of the shape.
experiment with
shape, it fills in with
The shape is vector,
different levels of transparency
your foreground col-
so you can scale it up or down to whatever size you need with-
and blending modes in the Layers panel
or. If you wish, you can change the fill color to a transpar-
out worrying about
ent fill. When the
making jagged edg-
Custom Shape tool
es. Just make sure to
is selected, a Shape
close the shape (return to the original
drop-down list appears on the Op-
point with the end point). When you
tions bar at the top of the screen. You
create the shape, it fills in with your
have lots of custom shapes to choose
foreground color. If you wish, you can
from, including the one you’ve just
change the fill color to a transparent
created. Don’t worry about the size of
fill. When the Custom Shape tool is
the shape. The shape is vector, so you
selected, a Shape drop-down list ap-
can scale it up or down to whatever
pears on the Options bar at the top of
size you need without worrying about
the screen. You have lots of custom
making jagged edges. Just make sure
shapes to choose from, including the
to close the shape (return to the orig-
one you’ve just created. Don’t worry
inal point with the end point). When
about the size of the shape. The shape
you create the shape, it fills in with
is vector, so you can scale it up or down
your foreground color. If you wish, you
to whatever size you need without
can change the fill color to a transpar-
worrying about making jagged edges.
ent fill. When the Custom Shape tool
Just make sure to close the shape (re-
is selected, a Shape drop-down list ap-
turn to the original point with the end
pears on the Options
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LEGEND - MINIMAL MAGAZINE L AYOUT
Don’t worry about the size of the shape. The shape is vector, so you can scale it up or down to whatever size you need without worrying about making jagged edges. Just make sure to close the shape (return to the original point with the end point). When you create the shape, it fills in with your foreground color. If you wish, you can change the fill color to a transparent fill. When the Custom Shape tool is selected, a Shape drop-down list appears on the Options bar at the top of the screen. You have lots of custom
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Experiment with blending
shapes to choose from, including the one you’ve just created. If you just saved a shape, yours is in the last square; you have to scroll down to select it. Don’t worry about the size of the shape. The shape is vector, so you can scale it up or down to whatever size you need without worrying about making jagged edges. Just make sure to close the shape (return to the original point with the end point). When you create the shape, it fills in with your foreground color. If you wish, you can change the fill color to a transparent fill. When the Custom Shape tool is selected, a Shape dropdown list appears on the Options bar at the top of the screen. You have lots of custom shapes to choose from, including the one you’ve just created. Don’t worry about the size of the shape. The shape is vector, so you can scale it up or down to whatever size you need without worrying about making jagged edges. Just make sure to close the shape (return to the original point with the end point). When you create the shape, it fills in with your foreground color. If you wish, you can change the fill color to a transparent fill. When the Custom Shape tool is selected, a Shape drop-down list appears on the Options bar at the top of the screen. You have lots of custom shapes to choose from, including the one you’ve just created. If you just saved a shape, yours is in the last square; you have to scroll down to select it. Don’t worry about the size of the shape. The shape is vector, so you can scale it up or down to whatever size you need without worrying about making jagged edges. Just make sure to close the shape (return to the original point with the end point). When you create the shape, it fills in with your foreground color. If you wish, you can change the fill color to a transparent fill. When the Custom Shape tool is selected, a Shape drop-down list appears on the Options bar at the top of the screen. You have lots of custom shapes to choose from, including the one you’ve just created.
PHOTO BY: ROCHELLE CLAYTON
levels of transparency and blending modes in the Layers panel.
Because a shape is created on its own layer, you can experiment with different
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NEEDS ADJUSTMENTS
EDIT AN ADJUSTMENT LAYER You may make a curve adjustment in Photoshop Creative Suite 5 only to discover that some areas of the image are still too dark or too light. Because you used an adjustment layer, you can turn off the correction or change it repeatedly with no degradation to the quality of the image.
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Notice in the Layers panel that the adjustment layer, Curves 2 by default, has a mask to the right of it. This mask was automatically created from your selection. The selected area is white; unselected areas are black. Choose Image Mode Grayscale. Photoshop then asks you whether you want to discard color information. Click Discard. If your image contains multiple layers, Photoshop first asks whether you want to merge your layers. If you want to keep your layers, click the Don’t Merge button. Although this method does the job in stripping color from your image, you may be left with an image that’s flat and lacking contrast. You can apply a Levels adjustment (choose Image Adjustments Levels) to boost the contrast, or you can try one of the other conversion methods.
PHOTO BY: MARK JOHNSON
PHOTO BY: JENNIFER LEWIS The improved Refine Edge feature in Adobe Photoshop Creative Suites 5 lets you preview what your changes look like as you make them. It’s available on the Options bar across the top of the Photoshop window whenever a selection tool is active. Notice in the Layers panel that the adjustment layer, Curves 2 by default, has a mask to the right of it. This mask was automatically created from your selection. The selected area is white; unselected areas are black. Choose Image Mode Grayscale. Photoshop then asks you whether you want to discard color information. Click Discard. If your image contains multiple layers, Photoshop first asks whether you want to merge your layers. If you want to keep your layers, click the Don’t Merge button.
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You can use the Photoshop Creative
Using the Curves panel in Adobe
Suite 5 Pen tool to create precise
Photoshop Creative Suites 5, you can
selections that would be difficult to
fix an image created in less-than-
create using other selection methods.
perfect lighting. After you find the
The Pen tool produces clean edges
lightest and darkest points in an
that print well and can be edited using
image, you can set their values.
the Direct Selection tool. Using a path as a selection is extremely helpful
Notice in the Layers panel that the
when you’re trying to make a precise
adjustment layer, Curves 2 by default,
selection.
has a mask to the right of it. This mask
was
automatically
created
Notice in the Layers panel that the
from your selection. The selected
adjustment layer, Curves 2 by default,
area is white; unselected areas are
has a mask to the right of it. This mask
black. Choose Image Mode Grayscale.
was automatically created from your
Photoshop then asks you whether you
selection. The selected area is white;
want to discard color information.
unselected areas are black.
Click Discard. If your image contains multiple layers, Photoshop first asks
18
Choose
Image
Mode
Grayscale.
whether you want to merge your
Photoshop then asks you whether you
layers. If you want to keep your layers,
want to discard color information.
click the Don’t Merge button.
Click Discard. If your image contains multiple layers, Photoshop first asks
Although this method does the job
whether you want to merge your
in stripping color from your image,
layers. If you want to keep your layers,
you may be left with an image that’s
click the Don’t Merge button.
flat and lacking contrast. You can apply a Levels adjustment (choose
Although this method does the job in
Image Adjustments Levels) to boost
stripping color from your image, you
the contrast, or you can try one of the
may be left with an image that’s flat
other conversion methods.
and lacking contrast. You can apply a Levels adjustment
PHOTO BY: JESSICA BUTLER
EDGE DETECTION T he Smart Radius feature automatically adjusts the radius for hard and soft edges found in the border region. T he hair selection is improved by increasing the radius to a value of 3.0 pixels.
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PHOTO BY: JESSE MARTINEZ
You can type 5 in the Cyan text box, 3 in the Magenta text box, and 3 in the Yellow text box. Leave the Black text box at 0 (zero). T hese are generic values for a lightest point.
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You can use the Photoshop Creative Suite 5 Pen tool to create precise selections that would be difficult to create using other selection methods. The Pen tool produces clean edges that print well and can be edited using the Direct Selection tool. Using a path as a selection is extremely helpful when you’re trying to make a precise selection. Notice in the Layers panel that the adjustment layer, Curves 2 by default, has a mask to the right of it. This mask was automatically created from your selection. The selected area is white; unselected areas are black.
HIGHLIGHT AND SHADOW
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Using the Curves panel in Adobe Photoshop Creative Suites 5, you can fix an image created in less-than-perfect lighting. After you find the lightest and darkest points in an image, you can set their values.
You can use the Photoshop Creative Suite 5 Pen tool to create precise selections that would be difficult to create using other selection methods. The Pen tool produces clean edges that print well and can be edited using the Direct Selection tool. Using a path as a selection is extremely helpful when you’re trying to make a precise selection. Notice in the Layers panel that the adjustment layer, Curves 2 by default, has a mask to the right of it. This mask was automatically created from your selection. The selected area is white; unselected areas are black. Choose Image Mode Grayscale. Photoshop then asks you whether you want to discard color information. Click Discard. If your image contains multiple layers, Photoshop first asks whether you want to merge your layers. If you want to keep your layers, click .
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LAYER MASKS A layer mask covers areas of your Photoshop Creative Suites 5 image that you want to make transparent and exposes pixels that you want visible. Masks can be based on a selection you’ve created with the selection tools or by painting on the mask itself.
Otherwise, interesting,
you
may
but
create
some
disproportional,
effects. Using the Curves panel in Adobe Photoshop Creative Suites 5, you can fix an image created in lessthan-perfect lighting. After you find the lightest and darkest points in an image, you can set their values.
22
Notice in the Layers panel that the adjustment layer, Curves 2 by default, has a mask to the right of it. This mask was automatically created from your selection. The selected area is white; unselected areas are black. Choose
Image
Mode
Grayscale.
Photoshop then asks you whether you want to discard color information. Click Discard. If your image contains multiple layers, Photoshop first asks whether you want to merge your layers. If you want to keep your layers, click the Don’t Merge button. Although this method does the job in stripping color from your image, you may be left with an image that’s flat and lacking contrast. You can apply a Levels adjustment (choose Image Adjustments Levels) to boost the contrast, or you can try one of the other conversion methods.
PHOTO BY: DONNA WATSON
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World Press Photo
2020 Photo Contest
Featured photo by Valery Melnikov
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GRADUALLY FADE FROM COLOR Luckily, Photoshop has a handy Threshold command that you can use to determine which tones appear as black and which are dropped altogether. You end up with a nice black-and-white line art image with all the intermediate tones removed. You can use the Photoshop Creative Suite 5 Pen tool to create precise selections that would be difficult to create using other selection methods. The Pen tool produces clean edges that print well and can be edited using the Direct Selection tool. Using a path as a selection is extremely helpful when you’re trying to make a precise selection. Notice in the Layers panel that the adjustment layer, Curves 2 by default, has a mask to the right of it. This mask was automatically created from your selection. The selected area is white; unselected areas are black.
CLEAN UP A LINE ART SCAN When you scan line art, you may need to clean it up using Adobe Photoshop CS6. You don’t want to see the background color of the paper. Often, the paper appears as a dull gray, and you may see other artifacts you don’t want, such as wrinkles or spots in the paper. You can use the Photoshop Creative Suite 5 Pen tool to create precise selections that would be difficult to create using other selection methods. The Pen tool produces clean edges that print well and can be edited using the Direct Selection tool. Using a path as a selection is extremely helpful when you’re trying to make a precise selection. Notice in the Layers panel that the adjustment layer, Curves 2.
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PHOTO BY: ROCHELLE CLAYTON
LAB mode is also good to use if you’re
has a mask to the right of it. This
in a color-managed environment and
mask
want to easily move from one color
from
system to another with no loss of
area is white; unselected areas are
color.
black. Choose Image Mode Grayscale.
was your
automatically selection.
The
created selected
Photoshop then asks you whether you Otherwise,
some
want to discard color information.
disproportional,
Click Discard. If your image contains
effects. Using the Curves panel in
multiple layers, Photoshop first asks
Adobe Photoshop Creative Suites 5,
whether you want to merge your
you can fix an image created in less-
layers. If you want to keep your layers,
than-perfect lighting. After you find
click the Don’t Merge button.
interesting,
Because a shape is created on its own layer, you can experiment with different levels
you
may
but
create
the lightest and darkest points in an image, you can set their values.
Although this method does the job in
of transparency and blending modes in the
Notice in the Layers panel that the
stripping color from your image, you
Layers panel.
adjustment layer, Curves 2 by default,
may be left with an image
LAB, MULTICHANNEL, BIT DEPTH Multichannel is used for many things;
Notice in the Layers panel that the
you can end up in this mode and not
adjustment layer, Curves 2 by default,
know how you got there. Deleting
has a mask to the right of it. This
a channel from an RGB, a CMYK, or a
mask
LAB
from
image
automatically
converts
was your
automatically selection.
The
created selected
the image to Multichannel mode. This
area is white; unselected areas are
mode supports multiple spot colors.
black. Choose Image Mode Grayscale. Photoshop then asks you whether you
Otherwise,
some
want to discard color information.
disproportional,
Click Discard. If your image contains
effects. Using the Curves panel in
multiple layers, Photoshop first asks
Adobe Photoshop Creative Suites 5,
whether you want to merge your
you can fix an image created in less-
layers. If you want to keep your layers,
than-perfect lighting. After you find
click the Don’t Merge button. Although
the lightest and darkest points in an
this method does the job in stripping
image, you can set their values.
color from your image, you may
interesting,
you
may
but
PHOTO BY: NANCY COX
create
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SHADOWS
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30
Otherwise,
you
may
create
some
interesting,
but
LAB mode is also good to use if you’re
disproportional, effects. Using the Curves panel in Adobe
in
Photoshop Creative Suites 5, you can fix an image created
and want to easily move from one
a
color-managed
environment
in less-than-perfect lighting. After you find the lightest
color system to another with no loss
and darkest points in an image, you can set their values.
of color. Otherwise, you may create
Notice in the Layers panel that the adjustment layer,
some interesting, but disproportional,
Curves 2 by default, has a mask to the right of it. This
effects. Using the Curves panel in
mask was automatically created from your selection. The
Adobe Photoshop Creative Suites 5,
selected area is white; unselected areas are black. Choose
you can fix an image created in less-
Image Mode Grayscale. Photoshop then asks you whether
than-perfect lighting. After you find
you want to discard color information. Click Discard. If
the lightest and darkest points in
your image contains multiple layers, Photoshop first asks
an image, you can set their values.
whether you want to merge your layers. If you want to keep
Notice in the Layers panel that the
your layers, click the Don’t Merge button.
adjustment layer, Curves 2 by default, has a mask to the right of it. This mask was automatically created from your selection. The selected area is white; unselected areas are black. Choose Image
Mode
Grayscale.
Photoshop
then asks you whether you want to PHOTO BY: BRENDA GREEN
discard color.
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This mask was automatically created from your selection. The selected area is white; unselected areas are black. Choose Image Mode Grayscale. Photoshop then asks you whether you want to discard color information. Click Discard. If your image contains multiple layers, Photoshop first asks whether you want to merge your layers. If you want to keep your layers, click the Don’t Merge button. Although this method does the job in stripping color from your image, you may be left with an image
Because a shape is created on its own layer, you can experiment with different levels of transparency and blending modes in the Layers panel.
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