Manhattan MGZ

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INTELLIGENT, BEAUTIFUL AND INFORMATIVE MANHATTAN IS MAGAZINE LAYOUT FOR ART, DESIGN, PHOTOGRAPHY, ARCHITECTURE, MUSIC, FILM AND PERFORMANCE

ISSUE 1, JULY 2020, $19 © MANHATTAN MGZ

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IMPRESSUM MAGAZINE JANUARY 2020 ISSUE #01

PUBLISHER REFRESH

FOUNDER & EDITOR IN CHIEF

inside MANHATTAN MGZ

BERNADETTE BUCKLAND

ISSUE 1, JULY 2020, $19 © MANHATTAN MGZ EXECUTIVE EDITOR & DEVOPS CAROLYN CAMERON INTELLIGENT, BEAUTIFUL AND INFORMATIVE MANHATTAN IS MAGAZINE LAYOUT

DESIGN

FOR ART, DESIGN, PHOTOGRAPHY, ARCHITECTURE, MUSIC, FILM AND PERFORMANCE

LEONE DANIELI

EDITORS EDWARD HARRIS FRANK JACKSON

PROOFREADER FELICITY JOHNSTON

CONTRIBUTORS AMANDA FERGUSON BELLA GLOVER CAMERON EDMUNDS CHRISTOPHER HODGES DOROTHY FORSYTH LUCAS GIBSON SEBASTIAN MCDONALD GABRIELLE MORRISON MADELEINE SHARP STEPHANIE UNDERWOOD VIRGINIA WATSON

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art How the Swiss Style Relates to the Web Book: Swiss Graphic Design: The Origins and Growth of an International Style Josef Müller-Brockmann Flickr gallery Swiss Graphic Design History Flickr gallery

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design

23 48 Why Won’t Helvetica Go Away?

Bauhaus: Ninety Years of Inspiration Learning From The Past: Design Legacies & Arts The Dying Art Of Design

Blanka Gallery of posters and prints

music Left-Handed Brush Lettering: How To Get Started Fluid Responsive Typography With CSS Poly Fluid Sizing Brush Lettering: It Only Gets Better After Practice (Part 2)

culture

53 36 fashion Left-Handed Brush Lettering: How To Get Started

Fluid Responsive Typography With CSS Poly Fluid Sizing

Brush Lettering: It Only Gets Better After Practice (Part 2) Brush Lettering: It Only Gets Better After Practice (Part 1)

Why Won’t Helvetica Go Away?

Bauhaus: Ninety Years of Inspiration Learning From The Past: Design Legacies & Arts The Dying Art Of Design Blanka Gallery of posters and prints

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MINIMALISM IS KEY

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You’d be hard-pressed to find another school of design that has had so much profound influence on the development of graphic design throughout the 20th century as the Swiss has. Because of this distinction, chances are great that you’ve already seen numerous examples of Swiss

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WORDS

Abigail Abraham

Swiss Design is widely admired for its clean lines, objectivity, and readability. It has enjoyed massive impact on graphic design as a whole, especially with the modernist movement.

A study in minimalism, Swiss Design tended to emphasize typography in its works.

In this primer on this style, you’ll learn everything from its roots and memorable examples to breathtaking fonts and everything in between.

Design is regarded as a communication medium, first and foremost.

PHOTO

Michael Cornish

Swiss Design intended to showcase information more objectively, liberated from any associated meanings. In this context, this graphic design style is one for the purists.

To discover this movement's roots, we have to travel all the way back to 1896, when the Berlin-based Berthold Type Foundry came out with its Akzidenz Grotesk Typeface in an effort to—you guessed it—represent an objective design style. This event was the spark that led to the evolution of what would eventually become the Swiss style: a movement interested in communicating its message clearly.

swiss inspired design MANHATTAN MGZ

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Q MANHA WORDS

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Abigail Abraham

PHOTO

Michael Cornish

A & Q 7

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Manhattan is a 1979 American romantic comedy film directed by Woody Allen and produced by Charles H. Joffe. The screenplay was written by Allen and Marshall Brickman.

Allen co-stars as a twice-divorced 42-year-old comedy writer who dates a 17-year-old girl (Mariel Hemingway) but falls in love with his best friend’s (Michael Murphy) mistress (Diane Keaton). Meryl Streep and Anne Byrne also star.

Manhattan was filmed in black-andwhite and 2.35:1 widescreen. The film features music composed by George Gershwin, including Rhapsody in Blue, which inspired the idea behind the film. Allen described the film as a combination of his previous two films, Annie Hall and Interiors.[3] The film was met with widespread critical acclaim and was nominated for two Academy Awards: Best Supporting Actress for Hemingway and Best Writing, Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen for Allen and Brickman. Its North American box-office receipts of $39.9 million made it Allen’s second biggest box-office hit (after adjusting for inflation). Often considered one of Allen’s best films,[4][5] it ranks 46th on AFI’s 100 Years...100 Laughs list and number 63 on Bravo’s “100 Funniest Movies”.

In 2001, the United States Library of Congress deemed the film “culturally significant” and selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry.

Manhattan is a 1979 American romantic comedy film directed by Woody Allen and produced by Charles H. Joffe. The screenplay was written by Allen and Marshall Brickman.

Allen co-stars as a twice-divorced 42-year-old comedy writer who dates a 17-year-old girl (Mariel Hemingway) but falls in love with his best friend’s (Michael Murphy) mistress (Diane Keaton). Meryl Streep and Anne Byrne also star.

Manhattan was filmed in black-andwhite and 2.35:1 widescreen. The film features music composed by George Gershwin, including Rhapsody in Blue, which inspired the idea behind the film. Allen described the film as a combination of his previous two films, Annie Hall and Interiors. The film was met with widespread critical acclaim and was nominated for two Academy www.yourwebsite.com

M A H N A T The film opens with a montage of images of Manhattan and other parts of New York City accompanied by George Gershwin’s Rhapsody in Blue, with Isaac Davis (Woody Allen) narrating drafts of an introduction to a book about a man who loves the city.

Isaac is a twice-divorced, 42-year-old television comedy writer dealing with the women in his life who quits his unfulfilling job. He is dating Tracy (Mariel Hemingway), a 17-year-old girl attending the Dalton School. His best friend, college professor Yale Pollack (Michael Murphy), married to Emily (Anne Byrne), is having an affair with Mary Wilkie (Diane Keaton). Mary’s ex-husband and former teacher, Jeremiah (Wallace Shawn), also appears, and Isaac’s ex-wife Jill Davis (Meryl Streep) is writing a confessional book about their marriage. Jill has also since come out of the closet as a lesbian and lives with her partner, Connie (Karen Ludwig).

When Isaac meets Mary, her cultural snobbery rubs him the wrong way.

Isaac runs into her again at an Equal Rights Amendment fund-raising event at the Museum of Modern Art hosted

by Bella Abzug (playing herself) and accompanies her on a cab ride home.

They chat until sunrise in a sequence that culminates in the iconic shot of the Queensboro Bridge. In spite of a growing attraction to Mary, Isaac continues his relationship with Tracy but emphasizes that theirs cannot be a serious relationship and encourages her to go to London to study acting.

In another iconic scene, at Tracy’s request, they go on a carriage ride through Central Park.

After Yale breaks up with Mary, he suggests that Isaac ask her out. Isaac does, always having felt that Tracy was too young for him. Isaac breaks up with Tracy, much to her dismay, and before long, Mary has virtually moved into his apartment. Emily is curious about Isaac’s new girlfriend.

The two couples enjoy a day out and upon walking down a street Isaac spots Jill’s new book Marriage, Divorce, and Selfhood. Emily proceeds to read passages of the book, and even discusses an incident covered in the book of a ménage à trois Isaac had with Jill and another woman, and an incident where Isaac attempted to run Connie over, much to Mary and Yale’s amuse.

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Manhattan is a 1979 American romantic comedy film directed by Woody Allen and produced by Charles H. Joffe. The screenplay was written by Allen and Marshall Brickman.

Allen co-stars as a twice-divorced 42-year-old comedy writer who dates a 17-year-old girl (Mariel Hemingway) but falls in love with his best friend’s (Michael Murphy) mistress (Diane Keaton). Meryl Streep and Anne Byrne also star.

Manhattan was filmed in black-andwhite and 2.35:1 widescreen. The film features music composed by George Gershwin, including Rhapsody in Blue, which inspired the idea behind the film. Allen described the film as a combination of his previous two films, Annie Hall and Interiors.[3] The film was met with widespread critical acclaim and was nominated for two Academy Awards: Best Supporting Actress for Hemingway and Best Writing, Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen for Allen and Brickman. Its North American box-office receipts of $39.9 million made it Allen’s second biggest box-office hit (after adjusting for inflation). Often considered one of Allen’s best films,[4][5] it ranks 46th on AFI’s 100 Years...100 Laughs list and number 63 on Bravo’s “100 Funniest Movies”.

In 2001, the United States Library of Congress deemed the film “culturally significant” and selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry.

Manhattan is a 1979 American romantic comedy film directed by Woody Allen and produced by Charles H. Joffe. The screenplay was written by Allen and Marshall Brickman.

Allen co-stars as a twice-divorced 42-year-old comedy writer who dates a 17-year-old girl (Mariel Hemingway) but falls in love with his best friend’s (Michael Murphy) mistress (Diane Keaton). Meryl Streep and Anne Byrne also star.

Manhattan was filmed in black-andwhite and 2.35:1 widescreen. The film features music composed by George Gershwin, including Rhapsody in Blue, which inspired the idea behind the film. Allen described the film as a combination of his previous two films, Annie Hall and Interiors.[3] The film was met with widespread critical acclaim and was nominated for two

T A

Academy Awards: Best Supporting Actress for Hemingway and Best Writing, Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen for Allen and Brickman. Its North American box-office receipts of $39.9 million made it Allen’s second biggest box-office hit (after adjusting for inflation). Often considered one of Allen’s best films,[4][5] it ranks 46th on AFI’s 100 Years...100 Laughs list and number 63 on Bravo’s “100 Funniest Movies”. In 2001, the United States Library of Congress deemed the film “culturally significant” and selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry.

Manhattan is a 1979 American romantic comedy film directed by Woody Allen and produced by Charles H. Joffe. The screenplay was written by Allen and Marshall Brickman.

Allen co-stars as a twice-divorced 42-year-old comedy writer who dates a 17-year-old girl (Mariel Hemingway) but falls in love with his best friend’s (Michael Murphy) mistress (Diane Keaton). Meryl Streep and Anne Byrne also star.

Manhattan was filmed in black-andwhite and 2.35:1 widescreen. The film features music composed by George Gershwin, including Rhapsody in Blue, which inspired the idea behind the film. Allen described the film as a combination of his previous two films, Annie Hall and Interiors.[3] The film was met with widespread critical acclaim and was nominated for two Academy Awards: Best Supporting Actress for Hemingway and Best Writing, Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen for Allen and Brickman. Its North American box-office receipts of $39.9 million made it Allen’s second biggest box-office hit (after adjusting for inflation). Often considered one of Allen’s best films,[4][5] it ranks 46th on AFI’s 100 Years...100 Laughs list and number 63 on Bravo’s “100 Funniest Movies”.

In 2001, the United States Library of Congress deemed the film “culturally significant” and selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry.

Manhattan was filmed in black-and-white and 2.35:1 widescreen. The film features music composed by George Gershwin, including Rhapsody in Blue, which inspired the idea behind the film. Allen described the film as a combination of his previous two films, Annie Hall and Interiors.

GEORGE GERSHWIN

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FEATURED

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All titles of the soundtrack were compositions by

George Gershwin. They

were performed by the New York Philharmonic under

Zubin Mehta and the Buffalo Philharmonic under Michael Tilson Thomas.

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Artists

Camera

Genesis

The film received largely positive reviews and currently holds a rating of 95% “Certified Fresh” on Rotten Tomatoes based on reviews from 59 critics.[21] Gary Arnold, in The Washington Post, wrote: “Manhattan has comic integrity in part because Allen is now making jokes at the expense of his own parochialism.

Alexander Walker of the London Evening Standard wrote: “So precisely nuanced is the speech, so subtle the behaviour of a group of friends, lovers, mistresses and cuckolds who keep splitting up and pairing off like unstable molecules”.[26] In 2007, J. Hoberman wrote in The Village Voice: “The New York City that Woody so tediously defended in Annie Hall was in crisis. And so he imagined an improved version. More than that, he cast this shining city in the form of those movies that he might have seen as a child in Coney Island—freeing the visions that he sensed to be locked up in the silver screen.”[27]

Manhattan opened in 29 North American theaters on April 25, 1979.

It grossed $485,734 ($16,749 per screen) in its opening weekend and earned $39.9 million in its entire run,[18] making the film the 17th highest-grossing picture of the year. The film was shown out of competition at the 1979 Cannes Film Festival in May. [19] Adjusted for ticket price inflation (as of 2017), Manhattan grossed $141,484,800, making it Allen’s second biggest box-office hit, following 1977’s Annie Hall.[20]

There’s no opportunity to heap condescending abuse on the phonies and sellouts decorating the Hollywood landscape. The result appears to be a more authentic and magnanimous comic perception of human vanity and foolhardiness.”[22] In his review for Newsweek magazine, Jack Kroll wrote: “Allen’s growth in every department is lovely to behold. He gets excellent performances from his cast.

The increasing visual beauty of his films is part of their grace and sweetness, their balance between Allen’s yearning romanticism and his tough eye for the fatuous and sentimental – a balance also expressed in his best screen play [sic] yet.”[23] In his review for the Chicago Sun-Times, Roger Ebert, who gave the film threeand-a-half stars out of four, wrote, “Diane Keaton gives us a fresh and nicely edged New York intellectual. And Mariel Hemingway deserves some kind of special award for what’s in some ways the most difficult role in the film.

Manhattan opened in 29 North American theaters on April 25, 1979.

It grossed $485,734 ($16,749 per screen) in its opening weekend and earned $39.9 million in its entire run,[18] making the film the 17th highest-grossing picture of the year. The film was shown out of competition at the 1979 Cannes Film Festival in May. [19] Adjusted for ticket price inflation (as of 2017), Manhattan grossed $141,484,800, making it Allen’s second biggest box-office hit, following 1977’s Annie Hall.

Manhattan opened in 29 North American theaters on April 25, 1979.

It grossed $485,734 ($16,749 per screen) in its opening weekend and earned $39.9 million in its entire run,[18] making the film the 17th highest-grossing picture of the year. The film was shown out of competition at the 1979 Cannes Film Festival in May. [19] Adjusted for ticket price inflation (as of 2017), Manhattan grossed $141,484,800, making it Allen’s second biggest box-office hit, following 1977’s Annie Hall.[20]

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Superman Returns is a 2006 American superhero film directed and produced by Bryan Singer. It is based on the DC Comics character Superman and serves as a

homage sequel to the motion pictures Superman (1978)

and Superman II (1980),[2][3] while ignoring the events of

Superman III (1983) and Superman IV: The Quest for Peace (1987), including its spin-off Supergirl (1984).

Allen talked to cinematographer Gordon Willis about how fun it would be to shoot the film in black and white, Panavision aspect ratio (2.35:1) because it would give “a great look at New York City, which is sort of one of the characters in the film”.[12] Allen decided to shoot his film in black and white because that was how he remembered it from when he was small.

“Maybe it’s a reminiscence from old photographs, films, books and all that.

But that’s how I remember New York.”

He always heard Gershwin music with it, too. In Manhattan he really thinks that he and Willis succeeded in showing the city. “When seeing it there on that big screen, it’s really decadent”.

[13] The picture was shot on location with the exception of some of the scenes in the planetarium which were filmed on a set.[14] After finishing the film, Allen was very unhappy with it and asked United Artists not to release it. He offered to make a film for free instead.[17] He later said: “I just thought to myself, ‘At this point in my life, if this is the best I can do, they shouldn’t give me money to make movies.’”[16]

A part of the first movement of Mozart’s Symphony No. 40 is heard in a concert scene.

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WHEN ISAAC MEETS MARY, HER CULTURAL SNOBBERY RUBS HIM THE WRONG WAY. EVENT AT THE MUSEUM OF MODERN ART HOSTED BY BELLA ABZUG AND ACCOMPANIES HER ON A CAB RIDE HOME www.yourwebsite.com

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WORDS

Manhattan was filmed in black-andwhite and 2.35:1 widescreen. The film features music composed by George Gershwin, including Rhapsody in Blue, which inspired the idea behind the film. Allen described the film as a combination of his previous two films, Annie Hall and Interiors.[3] The film was met with widespread critical acclaim and was nominated for two Academy Awards: Best Supporting Actress for Hemingway and Best Writing, Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen for Allen and Brickman. Its North American box-office receipts of $39.9 million made it Allen’s second biggest box-office hit (after adjusting for inflation). Often considered one of Allen’s best films,[4][5] it ranks 46th on AFI’s 100 Years...100 Laughs list and number 63 on Bravo’s “100 Funniest Movies”.

In 2001, the United States Library of Congress deemed the film “culturally significant” and selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry.

Manhattan is a 1979 American romantic comedy film directed by Woody Allen and produced by Charles H. Joffe. The screenplay was written by Allen and Marshall Brickman.

Allen co-stars as a twice-divorced 42-year-old comedy writer who dates a 17-year-old girl (Mariel Hemingway) but falls in love with his best friend’s (Michael Murphy) mistress (Diane

Abigail Abraham

PHOTO

Michael Cornish

RHAPSODY Keaton). Meryl Streep and Anne Byrne also star.

Manhattan was filmed in black-andwhite and 2.35:1 widescreen. The film features music composed by George Gershwin, including Rhapsody in Blue, which inspired the idea behind the film. Allen described the film as a combination of his previous two films, Annie Hall and Interiors.[3] The film was met with widespread critical acclaim and was nominated for two Academy Awards: Best Supporting Actress for Hemingway and Best Writing, Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen for Allen and Brickman. Its North American box-office receipts of $39.9 million made it Allen’s second biggest box-office hit (after adjusting for inflation). Often considered one of Allen’s best films,[4][5] it ranks 46th on AFI’s 100 Years...100 Laughs list and number 63 on Bravo’s “100 Funniest Movies”.

In 2001, the United States Library of Congress deemed the film “culturally significant” and selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry.

Manhattan was filmed in black-andwhite and 2.35:1 widescreen. The film features music composed by George Gershwin, including Rhapsody in Blue, which inspired the idea behind the film. Allen described the film as a combination of his previous two films, Annie Hall and Interiors.[3]

National Board of Review Magazine (1926–1942)

IN BLUE You can showcase your design talent while leaving a bit of mystery when you use business cards like the ones below, lovingly created by the boutique letterpress company, Simply Letterpressed.

Sometimes less really is more.

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To determine the NBR’s annual awards, ballots are sent in by over 100 members – select knowledgeable film enthusiasts, academics, and filmmakers in the New York metropolitan area – and subsequently tabulated by a certified public accountancy firm in order to decide the winners.

WORDS

Abigail Abraham

PHOTO

Michael Cornish

NATIONAL BOARD OF REVIEW www.yourwebsite.com

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National Board of Review Magazine (1926–1942)

AMERICAN REVOLUTION

A decade later in 1918, Kunstgewerbeschule Zürich, Switzerland’s biggest arts university, hired Ernst Keller as a professor.

He promptly started development on a typography and graphic design course. Keller was preoccupied with teaching his students an approach to style that emphasized a unique philosophy at the time.

A decade later in 1918, Kunstgewerbeschule Zürich, Switzerland’s biggest arts university, hired Ernst Keller as a professor.

He promptly started development on a typography and graphic design course. Keller was preoccupied with teaching his students an approach to style that emphasized a unique philosophy at the time.

Two main Swiss design schools are directly praiseworthy for their contributions to Swiss’ expansion. First, the Basel Design School, in 1908, took matters into its own hands. It adjusted one of its foundational courses after taking inspiration from a grid work-based graphic-design method that started in the 19th century.

He believed that design solutions should come from the design problems themselves. This philosophy is extremely interesting because it represents an intentional rebellion against previous design schools of thought that stressed beauty for no other reason than for beauty itself—which doesn’t always lead to the best and most functional design solutions.

Photoplay Guide to Better Movies (1924–1926)

ANNUAL AWARDS

This rebellion against style over substance is one that has repeated itself throughout design history, with the most prominent, recent example occurring in web design in our time. When Apple rejected skeuomorphic design (designing user-interface graphics like icons and buttons to resemble their real-life counterparts) in favor of today’s flat and minimalist design, they did so with the implicit message that they were moving away from the excesses of skeuomorph. Skeuomorphism was routinely criticized for being a design style that was more about appearance than function.

MANHATTAN MGZ

HUSBANDS AND WIVES

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The film is about two couples: Jack (Pollack) and Sally (Davis), and Gabe (Allen) and Judy (Farrow). The film starts when Jack and Sally arrive at Gabe and Judy’s apartment and announce their separation. Gabe is shocked, but Judy takes the news personally and is very hurt. Still confused, they go out for dinner at a Chinese restaurant.

A few weeks later Sally goes to the apartment of a colleague. They plan to go out together to the opera and then to dinner. Sally asks if she can use his phone, and calls Jack. Learning from him that he has met someone, she accuses him of having had an affair during their marriage.

Judy and Gabe are introduced to Jack’s new girlfriend, Sam, an aerobics trainer. While Judy and Sam shop, Gabe calls Jack’s new girlfriend a “cocktail waitress” and tells him that he is crazy for leaving Sally for her. About a week later, Judy introduces Sally to Michael (Neeson), Judy’s magazine colleague who she clearly is interested in herself.

Michael asks Sally out, and they begin dating; Michael is smitten, but Sally is dissatisfied with the relationship.

Meanwhile, Gabe has developed a friendship with a young student of his, Rain, and has her read the manuscript of his novel. She comments on its brilliance, but has several criticisms, to which Gabe reacts defensively.

At a party, Jack learns from a friend that Sally is seeing someone, and flies into a jealous rage. He and Sam break up after an intense argument, and Jack drives back to his house to find Sally in bed with Michael. He asks Sally to give their marriage another chance, but she tells him to leave. The film is about two couples: Jack (Pollack) and Sally (Davis), and Gabe (Allen) and Judy (Farrow). The film starts when Jack and Sally arrive at Gabe and Judy’s apartment and announce their separation. Gabe is shocked, but Judy takes the news personally and is very hurt. Still confused, they go out for dinner at a Chinese restaurant.

A few weeks later Sally goes to the apartment of a colleague. They plan to go out together to the opera and then to dinner. Sally asks if she can use his phone, and calls Jack. Learning from him that he has met someone, she accuses him of having had an affair during their marriage.

Judy and Gabe are introduced to Jack’s new girlfriend, Sam, an aerobics trainer. While Judy and Sam shop, Gabe calls Jack’s new girlfriend a “cocktail waitress” and tells him that he is crazy for leaving Sally for her. About a week later, Judy introduces Sally to Michael (Neeson), Judy’s magazine colleague who she clearly is interested in herself.

Michael asks Sally out, and they begin dating; Michael is smitten, but Sally is dissatisfied with the relationship.

Meanwhile, Gabe has developed a friendship with a young student of his, Rain, and has her read the manuscript of his novel. She comments on its brilliance, but has several criticisms, to which Gabe reacts defensively. Jack learns from a friend that Sally is seeing someone, and flies into a jealous rage. He and Sam break up after an intense argument.

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PHOTO

Michael Cornish

National Board of Review Magazine (1926–1942)

A few weeks later Sally goes to the apartment of a colleague. They plan to go out together to the opera and then to dinner. Sally asks if she can use his phone, and calls Jack. Learning from him that he has met someone, she accuses him of having had an affair during their marriage.

At a party, Jack learns from a friend that Sally is seeing someone, and flies into a jealous rage. He and Sam break up after an intense argument, and Jack drives back to his house to find Sally in bed with Michael. He asks Sally to give their marriage another chance, but she tells him to leave.

Less than two weeks later, however, Jack and Sally are back together and the couple meet Judy and Gabe for dinner like old times. After dinner, Judy and Gabe get into an argument about her not sharing her poetry. After Gabe makes a failed pass at her, Judy tells him she thinks the relationship is over; a week later Gabe moves out. Judy begins seeing Michael.

Gabe goes to Rain’s 21st birthday party, and gives her a music box as a present. She asks him to kiss her, and though the two share a romantic moment, Gabe tells her they should not pursue it any further. As he walks home in the rain, he realizes that he has ruined his relationship with Judy.

WORDS

Meanwhile, Gabe has developed a friendship with a young student of his, Rain, and has her read the manuscript of his novel. She comments on its brilliance, but has several criticisms, to which Gabe reacts defensively.

Abigail Abraham

Judy and Gabe are introduced to Jack’s new girlfriend, Sam, an aerobics trainer. While Judy and Sam shop, Gabe calls Jack’s new girlfriend a “cocktail waitress” and tells him that he is crazy for leaving Sally for her. About a week later, Judy introduces Sally to Michael (Neeson), Judy’s magazine colleague who she clearly is interested in herself.

Michael asks Sally out, and they begin dating; Michael is smitten, but Sally is dissatisfied with the relationship.

Michael tells Judy he needs time alone, then says he can’t help still having feelings for Sally. Angry and hurt, Judy walks out into the rain. Highlighting her “passive aggressiveness,” Michael follows and begs her to stay with him. A year and a half later they marry.

At the end, the audience sees a pensive Jack and Sally back together. Jack and Sally admit their marital problems still exist (her frigidity is not solved), but they find they accept their problems as simply the price they have to pay to remain together.

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DESIGN TAKEAWAY

MIGHTY APHR ODITE Mighty Aphrodite is a 1995 American romantic comedy film written, directed by, and co-starring Woody Allen, alongside Mira Sorvino, Helena Bonham Carter, Michael Rapaport, and F. Murray Abraham. The screenplay was inspired by the story of Pygmalion and is about Lenny Weinrib’s (Allen) search for his genius adopted son’s biological mother, ultimately finding that she is a dim-witted prostitute named Linda Ash (Sorvino).

While critical reception of Mighty Aphrodite overall was mildly positive, Sorvino was widely praised for her performance, winning the 1995 Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, as well as a Golden Globe Award, New York Film Critics Circle Award, Critics’ Choice Movie Award, National Board of Review Award, and a Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award.

The film opens on ancient Greek ruins where a chanting Greek chorus introduces and narrates the story of Lenny Weinrib. Lenny is a sportswriter in Manhattan, married to ambitious curator Amanda.

The couple decide to adopt a baby, a boy they name Max. Lenny is awed by their son who, it becomes increasingly clear, is a gifted child.

Lenny becomes obsessed with learning the identity of Max’s biological mother. After a long search, Lenny is disturbed to find that she is a prostitute and part-time porn star, who uses several names but confesses her birth name is Leslie, and she likes “Linda” because it means beautiful in Spanish, so her current porn star name is Linda Ash. Lenny makes an “appointment” to see her at her apartment. Linda is a bit of a ditz with a crude sense of humor and delusions of becoming a stage actress. Lenny does not have intercourse with her but instead urges her to get away from prostitution and start a wholesome life. Linda becomes angry, refunds Lenny’s money, and forces him to leave.

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Abigail Abraham

PHOTO

National Board of Review Magazine (1926–1942)

Michael Cornish

In real life, Leonard “Lenny” Weinrib was the name of an American actor, voice actor, and writer best known for playing the title role in the children’s television show H.R. Pufnstuf. He died in 2006.

MANHATTAN MGZ

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WORDS

Abigail Abraham

PHOTO

Michael Cornish

TYPOGRAPHIC STYLE

Let’s fast-forward to the 1950s. This decade saw more powerful growth for Swiss. It saw the consolidation of Swiss’ unique design elements into sans-serif typefaces such as Univers.

Univers’ development was the pivotal touchstone that then gave the world one of the most beloved and widely used typefaces ever: Helvetica. After Univers, a Swiss typeface designer named Max Miedinger and his collaborator, Edouard Hoffman, took inspiration from it and came up with Helvetica, originally known as “Neue Haas Grotesk”.

Both Univers and Helvetica were the results of a design movement that sought to capitalize on the resurgence of grotesque font families in the design houses of Europe at the time.

This is evident in the original name of Helvetica.

The end of World War II greatly helped in the expansion of Swiss Design beyond Switzerland’s borders. With the resumption of relations between America and Europe, driven in large part by international trade and commerce, design and typography were critical in making these relations grow stronger.

Think about it: at its heart, design about messaging and communication. Design that’s characterized by objectivity, clarity, and readability goes a long way toward helping new relations progress further, especially when the participants don’t speak the same language or share the same cultural values.

One of the earliest American designers to really understand this truth was Rudolph de Harak. Throughout the National Board of Review Magazine (1926–1942)

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1960s, as a designer of book jackets for McGraw-Hill publications, he incorporated Swiss into his works. His book jackets frequently show a grid alignment that’s flush left and ragged right.

Let’s fast-forward to the 1950s. This decade saw more powerful growth for Swiss. It saw the consolidation of Swiss’ unique design elements into sans-serif typefaces such as Univers.

Univers’ development was the pivotal touchstone that then gave the world one of the most beloved and widely used typefaces ever: Helvetica. After Univers, a Swiss typeface designer named Max Miedinger and his collaborator, Edouard Hoffman, took inspiration from it and came up with Helvetica, originally known as “Neue Haas Grotesk”.

Both Univers and Helvetica were the results of a design movement that sought to capitalize on the resurgence of grotesque font families in the design houses of Europe at the time.

This is evident in the original name of Helvetica.

The end of World War II greatly helped in the expansion of Swiss Design beyond Switzerland’s borders. With the resumption of relations between America and Europe, driven in large part by international trade and commerce, design and typography were critical in making these relations grow stronger.

Think about it: at its heart, design about messaging and communication. Design that’s characterized by objectivity, clarity, and readability goes a long way toward helping new relations progress.

Also known as International Style, the Swiss Style does not simply describe a style of graphic design made in Switzerland. It became famous through the art of very talented Swiss graphic designers, but it emerged in Russia, Germany and Netherlands in the 1920’s. This style in art, architecture and culture became an ‘international’ style after 1950’s

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SWEET AND LOWDOWN WORDS

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Penn and Morton both received Oscar nominations, for Best Actor and Best Supporting Actress, respectively.

Michael Cornish

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On a double date with his drummer, Ray meets Hattie, a shy, mute laundress.

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EARLY 20TH CENTURY 1898–1945

European Design Style

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the 17th century. The oldest recorded house still in existence in New York City, the Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House in Brooklyn, dates from 1652.

The new British rulers of the formerly Dutch New Amsterdam and New Netherland renamed the settlement New York. The colony benefited enormously within the burgeoning global British Empire and its population grew exponentially and prospered.

The Bolting Act of 1678, whereby no mill outside the city was permitted to grind wheat or corn, boosted growth until its repeal in 1694, increasing the number of houses over the period from 384 to 983.[20]

A decade later in 1918, Kunstgewerbeschule Zürich,

Switzerland’s biggest arts university, hired Ernst Keller as a

professor. He promptly started development on a typography

and graphic design course. Keller was preoccupied with teaching his students an approach to style that emphasized a unique philosophy at the time.

In 1664, the English conquered the area and renamed it “New York” after the Duke of York,[15] ending the brief 40-year period of Dutch rule for 120 years of English and British administration as a colony of the Kingdom of England and later of Great Britain. At that time, people of African descent made up 20% of the population of the city, with European settlers a large proportion of remaining Dutch citizens among the English, Scots, Welsh, and Irish numbering in total approximately 1,500[16] and people of African descent numbering 375 (with 300 enslaved and 75 free).[17] (Although it has been claimed that African slaves comprised 40% of the small population of the city at that time,[18] this claim has not been substantiated.)

During the mid 17th century, farms of free blacks covered 130 acres (53 ha) where Washington Square Park later developed.[19] The Dutch briefly regained the city in 1673, renaming the city “New Orange”, before permanently ceding the colony of New Netherland to the English for what is now Suriname in November 1674. Some place names originated in the Dutch period and were named after places in the Netherlands, most notably Flushing (Dutch town of Vlissingen), Harlem (Dutch town of Haarlem), and Brooklyn (Dutch town of Breukelen).

Few buildings, however, remain from

In the context of the Glorious Revolution in England, Jacob Leisler led Leisler’s Rebellion and effectively controlled the city and surrounding areas from 1689–1691, before being arrested and executed.

View of New York Harbor, c. 1770 By 1700, the Lenape population of New York had diminished to 200.

[7] The Dutch West Indies Company transported African slaves to the post as trading laborers used to build the fort and stockade, and some gained freedom under the Dutch. After the British took over the colony and city in 1664, they continued to import slaves from Africa and the Caribbean. In 1703, 42% of the New York households had slaves; they served as domestic servants and laborers but also became involved in skilled trades, shipping and other fields. Yet following reform in ethics according to British Enlightenment thought this had diminished to less than 25% by the 1770s slaves made up less than 25% of the population [21] By the 1740s, 20% of the residents of New York were slaves,[22] totaling about 2,500 people.[23]

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HUDSON RIVER

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South of the Federal Dam, the Hudson River begins to widen considerably.

The river enters the Hudson Valley, flowing along the west bank of Albany and the east bank of Rensselaer. Interstate 90 crosses the Hudson into Albany at this point in the river. The Hudson then leaves the Capital District, forming the boundary between Greene and Columbia Counties. It then meets its confluence with Schodack Creek, widening considerably at this point. After flowing by Hudson, the river forms the boundary between Ulster and Columbia Counties and Ulster and Dutchess Counties, passing Germantown and Kingston.

The Delaware and Hudson Canal meets the river at this point. The river then flows by Hyde Park, former residence of Franklin D. Roosevelt, and alongside the city of Poughkeepsie, flowing under the Walkway over the Hudson and the Mid-Hudson Bridge.

Afterwards, the Hudson passes Wappingers Falls and takes in Wappinger Creek. The river then forms the boundary between Orange and Dutchess Counties. It flows between Newburgh and Beacon and under the Newburgh Beacon Bridge, taking in the Fishkill Creek. In this area, between Gee’s Point at the US Military Academy and Constitution Island, an area known as “World’s End” marks the deepest part of the Hudson, at 202 feet (62 m).[17] Shortly thereafter, the river enters the Hudson Highlands between Putnam and Orange Counties, flowing between mountains such as Storm King Mountain, Breakneck Ridge, and Bear Mountain. The river narrows considerably here before flowing under the Bear Mountain Bridge, which connects Westchester and Rockland Counties.[10]

South of the Federal Dam, the Hudson River begins to widen considerably.

The river enters the Hudson Valley, flowing along the west bank of Albany and the east bank of Rensselaer. Interstate 90 crosses the Hudson into Albany at this point in the river. The Hudson then leaves the Capital District, forming the boundary between Greene and Columbia Counties. It then meets its confluence with Schodack Creek, widening considerably at this point. After flowing by Hudson,

Wappingers Falls and takes in Wappinger Creek. The river then forms the boundary between Orange and Dutchess Counties. It flows between Newburgh and Beacon and under the Newburgh Beacon Bridge, taking in the Fishkill Creek. In this area, between Gee’s Point at the US Military Academy and Constitution Island, an area known as “World’s End” marks the deepest part of the Hudson, at 202 feet (62 m).[17] Shortly thereafter, the river enters the Hudson High-

The Hudson River is a 315-mile (507 km) river that flows from north to south primarily through eastern New York in the United States. The river originates in the Adirondack Mountains of Upstate New York, flows southward through the Hudson Valley, and eventually drains into the Atlantic Ocean at New York Harbor, between New York City and Jersey City.

The river serves as a political boundary between the states of New Jersey and New York .

the river forms the boundary between Ulster and Columbia Counties and Ulster and Dutchess Counties, passing Germantown and Kingston.

The Delaware and Hudson Canal meets the river at this point. The river then flows by Hyde Park, former residence of Franklin D. Roosevelt, and alongside the city of Poughkeepsie, flowing under the Walkway over the Hudson and the Mid-Hudson Bridge.

Afterwards, the Hudson passes

lands between Putnam and Orange Counties, flowing between mountains such as Storm King Mountain, Breakneck Ridge, and Bear Mountain. The river narrows considerably here before flowing under the Bear Mountain Bridge, which connects Westchester and Rockland Counties.[10] nge and Dutchess Counties. It flows between Newburgh and Beacon and under the Newburgh Beacon Bridge, taking in the Fishkill Creek. In this area, between Gee’s Point.

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River crossings WORDS

Abigail Abraham

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Michael Cornish

New York City is located on one of the world’s largest natural harbors,[526] and the boroughs of Manhattan and Staten Island are (primarily) coterminous with islands of the same names, while Queens and Brooklyn are located at the west end of the larger Long Island, and The Bronx is located at the southern tip of New York State’s mainland.

This situation of boroughs separated by water led to the development of an extensive infrastructure of well-known bridges and tunnels. New York City is located on one of the world’s largest natural harbors,[526] and the boroughs of Manhattan and Staten Island are (primarily) coterminous with islands of the same names, while Queens and Brooklyn are located at the west end of the larger Long Island, and The Bronx is located at the southern tip of New York State’s mainland. This situation of boroughs separated by water led to the development of an extensive infrastructure of well-known bridges and tunnels.

New York City is located on one of the world’s largest natural harbors,[526] and the boroughs of Manhattan and Staten Island are (primarily) coterminous with islands of the same names, while Queens and Brooklyn are located at the west end of the larger Long Island, and The Bronx is located at the southern tip of New York State’s mainland.

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New York City is located on one of the world’s largest natural harbors [526] and the boroughs of Manhattan and Staten Island are (primarily) coterminous with islands of the same names, while Queens and Brooklyn are located at the west end of the larger Long Island, and The Bronx is located at the southern tip of New York State’s mainland. This situation of boroughs separated by water led to the development of an extensive infrastructure of well-known bridges and tunnels.

National Board of Review Magazine (1926–1942)

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USING BLACK

Classic No need to try the colors of the rainbow if you don’t want to.

Black and white design is chic and classic.

WORDS

Two main Swiss design schools are directly praiseworthy for their contributions to Swiss’ expansion. First, the Basel Design School, in 1908, took matters into its own hands. It adjusted one of its foundational courses after taking inspiration from a grid work-based graphic-design method that started in the 19th century.

Abigail Abraham

This progressive, radical movement in graphic design is not concerned with the graphic design in Switzerland, but rather with the new style that had been proposed, attacked and defended in the 1920s in Switzerland.

Keen attention to detail, precision, craft skills, system of education and technical training, a high standard of printing as well as a clear refined and inventive lettering and typoraphy laid out a foundation for a new movement that has been exported worldwide in 1960s to become an international style.

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Michael Cornish

National Board of Review Magazine (1926–1942)

Emerging from the modernist and constructivist ideals, the Swiss Style can be defined as an authentic pursue for simplicity – the beauty in the underlines of a purpose, not beauty as a purpose in itself. The principle “form follows function” became a battle-cry of Modernist architects after the 1930s. As a consequence of this principle, most of the Swiss Style craft is devoted to the minimal elements of style such as typography and content layout rather than on textures and illustrations. Two main Swiss design schools are directly praiseworthy

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