Simplified Straight-Wire Technique
Messias Rodrigues
Simplified Straight-Wire Technique 2nd edition
Maringรก DENTAL PRESS E
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2011
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Simplified Straight-Wire Technique Copyright© 2011 by Dental Press Editora All rights for the Portuguese language reserved by Dental Press Publishing Ltd. This book or any part thereof may not be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. DENTAL PRESS INTERNATIONAL Av. Euclides da Cunha, 1718 – Zona 05 - CEP 87015-180 Maringá - Paraná - Brazil dental@dentalpress.com.br - www.dentalpress.com.br General Coordination Laurindo Zanco Furquim Teresa Rodrigues D’Aurea Furquim Graphic Project and Cover Júnior Bianchi Messias Rodrigues Carlos Alexandre Venancio Edition Fernando Truculo Evangelista Scientific Illustrations Cibele Santos Collaboration Raul Pectrovic Karen Woodiel Rafael Eduardo Hung Elizabeth Gabriela Castellanos Mendez Márcio Cantarelli Margarida Matiko Shikida Revision Laudo Bernardes Romilda Marins Corrêa Normalization Marlene Gonçalves Curty English version Cristina Antunes Mandarin version Dr. Dongliang Zhang The Department of Orthodontics Beijing Stomatology Hospital affiliated to Capital University of Medical Science Wangfujing Avenue Xi La Hu Tong No.11 Dongcheng District, Beijing City, P.R China 100006
International data of Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) R696
Rodrigues, Messias. Simplified straight-wire technique / Messias Rodrigues. - Maringá : Dental Press, 2011. 556 p. : il.; color.
References: p. 545 ISBN 85-88020-35-1
1. Orthodontic. I. Title. CDD 617.643
To my wife, Rosana, for her dedication, love and understanding in the moments I was absent due to this paper. To my children, AndrĂŠ and LuĂsa, reason for my encouragement.
Whatever the force applied or the appliances used, the tooth always reacts according to the biologic principles of physiology, and is sometimes modified by the growing pattern.
Cyro Ribeiro de Moura
To Professor Cyro Moura, for his encouragement and guidance in my first orthodontic studies. To Professors Gerval de Almeida and Sebastião Interlandi, for their confidence, support and example. To the Ortholine Clinic staff, Márcio Cantarelli and my assistants, Beatriz, Andréia, Rosana and Fátima, for their constant dedication during years of group work. To my colleague Margarida Shikida, for long days of contribution, organizing this material. To the UNITAU Professorate, for the academic guidance. To the Portuguese assistants – Antonio Figueiredo Machado, Maria João Almeida, Catherine Baptista Paulo –, for their dedication and friendship in divulging and teaching this proposal in Portugal. To my colleagues Fernando Machado, Edmárcio Mafaciolli, Nelson Pavan and Rosana Vilella Chagas, for their assistance and loyalty. To Cássia Campoy, for the encouragement since the first steps of this paper. To my students, the reason of this Guide.
Since the first courses offered in Brazil, we felt the need to create an instrument to help students learn and develop. This is how this guide was first idealized. Besides its main goal – Methodology of Simplified Straight-Wire Mechanics –, the guide also intends to coordinate some current orthodontics knowledge in order to conscientiously apply them, taking the most benefits such methodology may offer. Although it gathers many concepts by other authors, it intends to coordinate readers’ knowledge with knowledge to be acquired in the future, in order to facilitate the correct diagnosis and its consequent planning.
The author
SUMMARY
FOREWORD ......................................................................................................... 21 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................. 23
CHAPTER 1 DEVELOPMENT OF SIMPLIFIED STRAIGHT-WIRE MECHANICS........................................................................... 25 Using Tip-Edge brackets on canines in the Straight-Wire Mechanics The canine bracket Uprighting springs (Side-Winder) Retraction techniques Controlling posterior anchorage
CHAPTER 2 Biomechanics of the Simplified Straight-Wire Technique.......................................................................... 55 Notions of facial analysis Face proportions Vertical direction Sagittal direction Exposure of upper incisors Causes of gingival smile Clinical planning beginning with the soft tissue Clinical cases (diagnosis and planning)
CHAPTER 3
Assembly.............................................................................................................. 83 Choosing accessories Teeth separation Adapting bands Cementing bands Molar tubes Choosing brackets The Twin Tip-Edge bracket Esthetic brackets Bonding protocol Pliers
CHAPTER 4 PHASEI................................................................................................................. 107 Alignment and leveling Leveling and alignment
Chapter 5 PHASE II.............................................................................................................. 119 Correction of overjet and overbite Australian type archwire Anchorage bend Class ii elastics Elastics colors and force Premolar bonding in phase ii First molar tubes Sliding movement Most common mistakes in the placement of archwire Leveling and alignment concomitant to bite opening and retraction CLINICAL CASE Rotation and uprighting springs Root uprighting springs (side-winder) Placement Activation Torque with tip-edge brackets Using rectangular archwire in phase ii Diagram for archwires construction and coordination Initial visit – phase ii Revision visit – phase ii
CHAPTER 6 PHASE III............................................................................................................. 171 Closure of spaces remaining from extractions Torque adjustment of the anterior teeth Uprighting canine roots Archwire in phase iii Phase iii with round archwire Phase iii with rectangular archwire Diagram for archwires in phase iii
CLINICAL CASE Bonding upper premolars in phase iii Elastics for closing spaces E-link placement through vestibular and palatine Activation frequency CLINICAL CASE Phases ii and iii carried out simultaneously CLINICAL CASE Initial visit – phase ii
chapter 7 PHASE IV............................................................................................................. 239 Leveking upper premolars and second molars Maintaining the goals achieved in previous phases Final torque adjustment of anterior teeth Installing the rectangular archwire Phase iv diagram Final mesiodistal adjustment of canine roots Initial visit – phase iv The four phases of the Simplified Straight-Wire Mechanics treatment
CHAPTER 8 Treatment Mechanics without Extractions............................... 259 Treatment of class ii malocclusion without extraction The growth pattern Jarabak percentage Posterior cranial base and ramus height relationship Upper gonial angle Biomechanics Position of lower incisors CLINIcAL CASES
CHAPTER 9 Extraction of Molars............................................................................... 327 Treatment with extraction of second molars Third molar conditions Orthodontic mechanics Appliance assembly Archwires and elastics CLINICAL CASES
CHAPTER 10 Extractions of First Molars................................................................. 403 Clinical characteristics suggesting extraction of first molars Facial analysis Multi-restorations in molars Previous absence of one or more molars Early loss of one or two lower molars, provoking extrusion of the upper correspondent Extensive decays on teeth Simultaneous resolution of lack of space in both anterior And posterior sectors Problems in the endodontal treatment Significant deviation of the median line Severe overjet Indications CLINICAL CASES
CHAPTER 11 Using Double-Key-HOLE ARCH in the Simplified Straight-Wire Mechanics......................................................................... 469 The retraction mechanics Retraction mechanics with Double-Key-Loop (dkl) Considerations on pre-adjusted brackets Characteristics Activation Anterior bite opening Activation magnitude Activation frequency Clinical protocol Leveling and alignment Caution regarding anchorage Clinical sequence Conclusion CLINICAL CASES REFERENCES....................................................................................................... 545
Simplified Straight-Wire Technique
FOREWORD
It is for me a great honor to introduce the present work by Professor Messias Rodrigues. From the time he was our student at the postgraduation program at the University of Taubaté, he showed remarkable intelligence, excellent performance and praise for the ethics. Owner of an unrestful and innovative mind, he managed to search at the inspired production of great leaders, such as Dr. Peter Kesling, Dr. Lawrence Andrews, Dr. Ronald Roth and Dr. S. Interlandi, a firm basis for the development of diagnosis and technique for orthodontic treatment, which represents one step forward for all of us. T h e S t r a i g h t -Wi r e S i m p l i f i e d Technique he created represents a wise choice of a number of both mechanical and methodological courses leading to surprisingly good orthodontic results, within a short period of time, yet easy to understand and to appropriate by our
post-graduation students. No miracles, just extreme good sense. The author’s clinical experience, largely recognized, is collateral security, plenty of credibility. Maintaining the anchorage, with resistance more dosed and controlled requirements – one major problem for orthodontists – allows for better average results, yet sustaining the benefits achieved. The teachings by Professor Messias represent today the most promising ways towards the commitment regarding the search for truth, simplicity and beauty, stability and harmony, yet with time saving in the field of the orthodontic mechanics. I sincerely believe the words and images included in this work shall be worthy for the technical and scientific empowerment of the readers. Gerval de Almeida
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Simplified Straight-Wire Technique
INTRODUCTION
Since 1925, when Dr. E. H. Angle presented the Edgewise bracket in the article under the title “Latest and best in Orthodontic Mechanism”, most therapy used until the mid of the 70’s was Edgwise technique (KESLING, 1989). The practice required time and great ability from the operators, even the most experienced ones, and yet many results would present a number of deficiencies as to the torque of superior incisors and the correction of anteroposterior relationship. According to Bennett and McLaughlin (1998), the resulting occlusion looked like a “pleasant orthodontic result”, instead of presenting a natural-like dentition; and the stability of the teeth in the long term would be affected by the absence of the ideal dental relationships. Besides, in order to obtain retraction movement at the anterior teeth, special arches for space closure would embody second and third order bends for teeth repositioning, while reducing the stationary anchorage effort. Aware of all those problems, Dr.
Lawrence F. Andrews developed the Straight-Wire appliance. No doubt this was the main advance in orthodontics since it was presented, by the mid of the 70’s. The orthodontists could finally set free from the difficult task of bend construction, as the new technique reduces the job stress, both for them and for the patients, and yet the quality of the cases could be improved. Therefore, the Straight-Wire mechanics was developed in order to reduce such bends, making it easier to achieve good treatment results. However, the first results were disappointing, as some undesirable effects arose, such as the bite deepening leading to a Toe Hold effect, mainly caused by the canine slots. All such effects take place because the Straight-Wire brackets incorporate to their basis and slots all the angulations and tri-dimensional torques ideal for the end of the treatment. Nevertheless, such tri-dimensional controls lead to excessive anchorage tension, thus making it difficult to move the tooth during the treatment. 23
Messias Rodrigues
In order to solve these problems, Dr. Andrews applied extra torque on incisor brackets, as well as counter-tipping and counter-rotation characteristics to the canine, premolar and molar brackets. This procedure led the already high force levels to be increased, consequently requiring an increase to the posterior anchorage levels. The treatment mechanics to be presented in this guide emerged precisely from an alternative idea for solving these problems,
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turned up right at the initial phases of the treatment using both the edgewise arch and the straight-archwire techniques. The solution found was bonding Tip-Edge brackets on canines (TP Orthodontics, Inc.). This alternative proved to be efficient, as it avoids the undesirable effects of increasing the overbite, yet requiring less control over posterior anchorage. This method may be considered both simple and versatile, as the canine brackets interchange is the only alteration to the original technique.