August 2017

Florida

August 2017

ROOFING A Publication of the FRSA – Florida’s Association of Roofing Professionals

2017-2018 FRSA Officers

Header Items

Convention & Expo Wrap-Up 2017 Campanella Award Recipient

Charlie Kennedy, 96th FRSA President

Sports Tournament Winners

Affiliate Competition Winner

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

August 2017

Florida

ROOFING Available Online at www.floridaroof.com/florida-roofing-magazine/

FRSA-Florida Roofing Magazine Contacts: For advertising inquiries, contact: Heidi Ellsworth at: heidi@floridaroof.com (800) 767-3772 ext. 127 All feedback including Letters to the Editor and reprint permission requests (please include your full name, city and state) contact: Lisa Pate, Editor, at: lisapate@floridaroof.com (800) 767-3772 ext. 157 Florida Roofing Magazine, PO Box 4850 Winter Park, FL 32793-4850 View media kit at: www.floridaroof.com/ florida-roofing-magazine/

8 | Insurance 101

An overview of various types of insurance and its relationship to politics and business.

11 | Additional Insureds

On the iPad

Policies that grant a prime contractor or owner additional insured status can create several problems.

24 | FRSA Affiliate Competition Winners

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25 | Educational Foundation Scholarships Awarded 29 | Predicting Moisture Buildup in Roof Sheathing

Following up on the first phase of the sealed attic research, Phase 2 looks at data from four houses in Florida.

Any material submitted for publication in Florida Roofing becomes the property of the publication. Statements of fact and opinion are the responsibility of the author(s) alone and do not imply an opinion or endorsement on the part of the officers or the membership of FRSA. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without permission from the publisher.

Florida Roofing (VOL. 2, NO. 8), August 2017, (ISSN 0191-4618) is published monthly by FRSA, 7071 University Boulevard, Winter Park, FL 32792. Periodicals Postage paid at Orlando, FL. POSTMASTER: Please send address corrections (form 3579) to Florida Roofing, PO Box 4850, Winter Park, FL 32793-4850.

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PRESIDENT’S COLUMN Charlie Kennedy

Looking Forward to the Coming Year It is an honor and privilege to serve as the 96th President of FRSA! It’s also a humbling experience as I know the history and legacy of those who have served before me.

Fortunately, FRSA is well established, financially strong, and continues to have many dedicated industry members helping to guide us along.

As any FRSA Past President will tell you, you are only as strong as those who stand behind you and support you. I want to thank my wife, Paula, for believing, supporting and trusting me throughout our journey. My children, Taylor, Chase, Grace and AJ – your support and understanding have also been very important to my success. Finally, I can’t forget my mom and dad, Steve and Gail Kennedy. I am amazed that a third generation roofer from Bronson, who was able to learn the trade from his grandpa, dad and uncle, working part-time on weekends and during the summer, was able to become the 96th President of FRSA. The support of my family enables me to dedicate my time to FRSA. I am extremely blessed.

Over the past six years I have served on many committees. In the tradition of building a strong leadership group, I have selected key individuals to chair and co-chair the committees. I know these groups will work hard to represent FRSA, and I thank them for volunteering their time to serve the association.

First, during my term as President, I look forward to visiting and getting to know our Affiliates better.

I strive to get a grasp on what makes each group unique and better understand the different challenges each one faces. Second, I am proud the Executive Committee and staff have developed an open line of communication with our South Florida Affiliate, RCASF. We are committed to improving this relationship in the coming year.

Thankfully, we are now united as an industry throughout the State of Florida.

Moving forward, I plan to push our membership over the 800-member mark. I will accomplish this by improving the services we provide to our fellow tradesmen. One challenge we face is finding a new, permanent home for our FRSA headquarters. I will work diligently with the Building Committee and staff to select a suitable location that works for the Association. I am extremely excited to meet our challenges and expectations as the 2017-2018 President, and I look forward to working together to accomplish our goals for the coming year.

Paula and I have selected the Sarcoma Foundation of America as our Charity of Choice for this year. During the last year, one of our close friends found out he had this rare type of cancer.

He’s had treatment and seems to be on the road to recovery. Our goal in supporting the Sarcoma Foundation is to enable more research to be accomplished in finding a cure for this disease.

As many of you know, we’ve moved our Convention and Expo to Gaylord Palms Resort in Kissimmee, Fla. and have changed the pattern of these events to a Wednesday-Friday format. Our theme for the year is “Staying on Top” and continuing on the successful path of those who served before us.

Thank you and God Bless!

FRSA President Charlie Kennedy, Gainesville Roofing & Co. Inc

Charlie Kennedy FRSA President charliekennedy1@aol.com

www.floridaroof.com | FLORIDA ROOFING

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Loretta Hartley Honored with 2017 Campanella Award Lisa Pate, FRSA Executive Director FRSA’s highest honor is the Bob Campanella Memorial Award, which is presented each year to the FRSA member who is deemed most-worthy of recognition for service to his or her community, the Association and to the industry. The award was initiated in 1965 by the Saint Petersburg Roofing and Sheet Metal Contractors’ Association, as a memorial tribute to the late Bob Campanella, owner of Ace Roofing Company in Saint Petersburg.

Suggestions are taken from the membership and submitted to a committee of previous Campanella Award recipients, who select the winner each year. The prior year’s recipient presents the award by reading a list of accomplishments the current recipient has achieved during their years of service to the industry. Members in attendance listen as the list is read and try to figure out who the winner is. As a spectator in the audience, I love to watch the recipient and see at what moment they realize they are the winner.

As mentioned above, the Campanella Award is FRSA’s highest honor primarily because a group of industry peers select the winner. And for those of you that are not familiar with our Campanella Award tradition, let me give you a few details. This award is given during the S.T.A.R. Awards Dinner and only five or six individuals, along with staff, know who the recipient is. Even members of the Executive Committee aren’t privy to the information. The previous years’ winner provides details about them and their service to the industry in a speech. As background information is given, we have an artist on stage who is painting a picture of the recipient. Together, the speech and the picture help identify the recipient. Once the award is presented, the recipient has a really cool picture of themselves, along with a plaque and a gold and diamond or sapphire lapel pin depending upon their membership type, to keep.

Last year’s recipient Dave Shewski, CPRC had the honor of presenting FRSA Honorary Member, Loretta Hartley of Sunniland Corporation, Jacksonville, Fla. with the 2017 Campanella Award.

Loretta was born in Deland, Florida and is one of three children. Her family relocated to Jacksonville where she grew up.

Before beginning her career in the roofing industry, she served six years in the Army, stationed at Ft. Gordon in Georgia, working as a communications specialist setting up communication sites to allow radio and phone contact between troops. She was one of four pioneers to work in the Army’s Signal Corp group, graduating at the top of her class overall.

Loretta and her husband Ken like country music and met at an establishment named “Poppa’s” many years ago where she was swept off her feet with Ken’s command of the two step and other country dances. They married and have two children – a son, who is in the military and is deployed and a daughter who works for I.C.E. 6

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After completing six years in the Army, Loretta began her prestigious roofing career working with Julien Benjamin, who is affectionately known within the industry as the Godfather of the FRSA trade show. At Benjamin Equipment, she worked in the accounting department. Loretta left Benjamin Equipment Company and went to work for Southeastern Metals. There she found her niche in sales and has never looked back.

At the 1982 FRSA Convention and Trade Show at Downtown Disney, Loretta had her first run-in with the annual Affiliate Competition. During the event, she was on the receiving side of the volleyball net and her teammate, then future FRSA President George “Poncho” Ferber, launched a raw egg toward her. Unfortunately, the bright sun blinded her as she attempted to track the incoming egg. The perfect throw hit Loretta solidly in the mouth, leaving her with a busted, bloody lip.

Over the years, Loretta developed a network of people, each with their own expertise, who she is able to call on when needed. Those connections include friendships she has made while being involved with FRSA for decades as well as with her local affiliate, the Northeast Roofing and Sheet Metal Contractors Association.

Professionally, Loretta has always believed in putting the customer first, which comes as no surprise to those of you who have done business with her, or have worked with Loretta at FRSA committee meetings and functions. She sees the good in all of us; not always an easy task.

Loretta has served on the FRSA Board, chaired the Convention Committee for several years and has also served on the Membership, Governmental Affairs, Disaster Preparedness and Response, and Public Relations and Marketing Committees – just about all of our committees.

After 19 years at Southeastern Metals, Loretta left and went to work for Sunniland Corporation, as a manager at the Jacksonville branch. She is an industry rock star and like Cher, Bono and Madonna, known to many by only her first name.

FRSA congratulates FRSA Honorary Member, Loretta Hartley of Sunniland Corporation, on winning the 2017 Bob Campanella Award!

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FRSA LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL Cam Fentriss

Insurance 101 Since we are in between legislative sessions and other government things, maybe it’s a good time to consider a more general topic: insurance. I am thinking about all kinds of insurance and the philosophy of the origins of it and what is today’s mindset about it. This could be a whole book, but I will try to keep it short and probably not too sweet.

“Insurance” is a tool to protect from financial loss. The theory of insurance is that many pay a relatively small amount so that the expected percentage (usually small percentage) of those who incur damage can be paid for the loss from that pool of funds. This is the concept of spreading the risk.

Here is what insurance is NOT: a) a savings account that takes the place of paying for known and expected expenses; b) a jackpot for someone who does not want to work or pay his or her own way; c) an easy and/or inflated revenue source for entities that provide services covered by insurance (examples: lawyers, body shops, health care providers); d) an opportunity for politicians to mandate payment through insurance premiums for something that makes them look good; e) permission to collect a lot of money for very little in return; or f) any kind of entitlement.

I think it’s fair to say that the concept of insurance is a little strained in our society today. The absolute best example of that is the years long fight in Congress about the Affordable Care Act (aka Obamacare). I don’t know about you, but the only thing I have really taken away from it all is that this is so much more complicated and multi-dimensional than everyone except about 20 experts know (and none of those experts serves or even has served in Congress or in the White House). There are so many pieces to this puzzle that the problems with the existing system and the difficulties in crafting

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FLORIDA ROOFING | August 2017

a replacement or an exit strategy should not be a surprise to anyone.

There are other examples closer to home. For us, workers’ compensation insurance is a good example. For legal and liability reasons, workers’ comp insurance works best as something mandated by law.

And while the mandate works to protect employers and assure employees, it also works to attract service providers that, not only want to make a buck, but they also want to charge higher prices because the law requires that employers buy the insurance.

Another example is property insurance. While not mandated by law, it is usually mandated by any company that holds a mortgage on property. In recent years, this insurance product has become a target for service providers looking to grab as much insurance proceeds business as possible - think assignment of benefits.

We have all watched premiums for most insurance products climb and some have risen dramatically. Why is that?

The obvious reason is that prices for just about everything go up over time. But that does not seem to explain a lot of the extraordinary increase. I think there are a few very direct reasons for unusual increases in the cost of insurance.

First, if insurance coverage is available, those who provide services will show up, ready to bill, bill, bill. It makes no sense that more services would be needed just because insurance coverage is available, but that is exactly what happens often enough.

Second, consumers are often tempted to “recoup” their insurance premiums even if they do not need the intended coverage. What does that mean? An example would be the person who has paid $1,000 in insurance premiums and sees an opportunity to claim an ordinary repair is actually damage subject to insurance coverage so that he does not have to pay for the repair which is worth at least what he has paid in insurance premiums. He feels so clever and shrewd but he is really doing no more than cheating the system and ultimately himself.

Third, when insurance is paying the bills, there is less incentive for the consumer to pay attention to the charges. The best example of this problem is with health insurance where, I think we can all agree, the bills and statements from health care providers are nearly impossible to decipher. A consumer who has insurance that covers all the cost will usually be quick to give up trying to understand a statement since he is not paying it anyway. I will bet this causes a significant amount

of overpayment or payment for services never delivered and train back on the tracks, but I do not know how to even start. some of that is not even a mistake.

All suggestions are welcome!

Fourth, there is an urge among politicians (ALL politicians) to bring home the bacon because they know that is most likeAnna Cam Fentriss is an attorney licensed in Florida since ly to get them re-elected. Finding something to bring home is 1988 representing clients with legislative and state agency inusually the easy part. The harder part is finding a way to pay terests.

Cam has represented FRSA since 1993, is an Honorary for it. Traditionally, the way to pay the bill has been through a tax increase. It’s a simple formula: raise a tax on millions of Member of FRSA, recipient of the FRSA President’s Award and people by a small amount, that brings in tens of millions, and the Campanella Award in 2010. She is a member of the Florida just like that, the new _____ [insert project in blank space] is Building Commission Special Occupancy Technical Advisory paid for in a painless way. That worked great until those pen- Committee, President of Building A Safer Florida Inc. and past nies added up, and “tax increase” became the dirtiest of all Construction Coalition Chair (1995-1997). terms in politics.

In searching for alternate ways to painlessly pay for that bacon, one of the discoveries was that, through insurance and by law, you can throw “We The People” a bone, the cost of which just gets folded right into everyone’s insurance premiums. That’s even better than Tropical Roofing Products is a leader in professional grade restoration, repair and those tax increases because it makes maintenance products for BUR, Mod Bit, Metal, Concrete, PUF and Single-Ply the insurance companies (not the poliroofing systems. Our Fluid Applied Restoration Systems are Miami-Dade County ticians) look like the bad guys. Win-win!

Approved, Energy Star-Rated, have UL Approval, and Who can complain if a legislature are listed by the Cool Roof Rating Council for their or Congress forces insurers to provide ability to protect the building and its occupants from coverage for a condition or event for harsh external elements including, wind, water, fire, which they are collecting premiums. harsh UV rays and heat. Tropical – where to turn for That is only fair. But the “bacon” probyour Roof Restoration needs. lem is created when politicians force insurers to pay for something that is not legitimate for insurance coverage.

The best example of that is covering the cost of an annual checkup. As the name implies, an annual checkup is something everyone should get every year – it is not a risk to be covered like a disease that will hit less than all people covered.

To explain in mathematical terms, if one in 1,000 people will need surgery that costs $2,000, then 1,000 people insured can each pay $2 in insurance premium. If 1,000 in 1,000 people need an annual checkup that costs $200, then 1,000 people will need to each pay $200. If that cost is passed through an insurance policy, then each person will also pay an administrative cost because insurance companies cannot provide the processing of this for free.

That checkup just got more expensive AND the government is forcing you to pay for it, even if you don’t go and get that checkup.

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FRSA LEGAL COUNSEL Trent Cotney, PA, Construction Law Group

Additional Insureds

Trent Cotney and Kyle Gretel, Attorneys, Trent Cotney, P.A. Additional insureds are typically required on Commercial General Liability (CGL) policies of prime contractors and subcontractors. An owner may require the prime contractor to name them as an additional insured on their CGL policy. Similarly, a prime contractor may require the roofer to add the prime as an additional insured on the roofer’s CGL policy.

When either of these situations take place, the additional insured (whether it be an owner or the prime contractor) receives two primary benefits. First, the additional insured receives added coverage without having to pay the insurer directly, because only the named insured is required to make payments on the premium; however, the cost of additional insured is usually passed on to the customer. Second, generally, an insurer may not pursue a subrogation claim against any additional insured because an insurer cannot sue its own insured for indemnity (although there are exceptions). In other words, if a customer was partly at fault for a covered loss, the insurer could not pursue the customer if it was named as an additional insured on the roofer’s policy. For additional insured coverage to apply, the policy must state that there is such coverage. Typically, the policy states that it provides coverage under an insured’s policy and it is identified on the Certificate of Insurance (COI).

In Travelers Property Casualty Company of America v. Amerisure Insurance Company, a dispute arose about stucco defects after the completion of a condominium project. 161 F. Supp. 3d 1133 (N.D. Fla. 2015), aff’d 11th Cir (2017). The prime contractor was sued for the defects and requested that the stucco subcontractor tender their defense based on language in the subcontract. In reviewing the policy and the operable contract, the Court found that the subcontract included a provision that made the prime an additional insured. The Court relied on the following language in determining that the subcontractor was required to defend the prime contractor as an additional insured: “...including as a minimum the same types of insurance at the same policy limits which are specified by the Prime Contract...” Therefore, roofers should read their insurance provisions carefully to determine if the appropriate coverages exist.

Many new contractors have faced an onslaught of stucco-related claims from homebuilders. Typically, a plaintiff homeowner sues the builder for damage caused by stucco cracks. The builder then sues the trades including roofers alleging that somehow, they contributed to the stucco cracks. The builder may also claim that because it is identified as an additional insured on a roofer’s policy that it deserves coverage. This demonstrates some of the potential problems with additional insured status especially with

questionable claims. A roofer should carefully consider its options when facing these claims given the impact they may have on CGL premiums.

Policies that grant a prime contractor or owner additional insured status create several problems for the named roofer insured. First, on larger projects with multiple additional insureds, the named insureds face the risk of having their policy diluted to such an extent that they are unable to satisfy additional insureds’ claims because the coverage has been exhausted. This creates problems for the named roofer insured because it may not have any coverage for itself.

Second, and building off the first issue, the named insured faces the risk of increased premiums because of the volume of additional insured claims made under the named insured’s policy. This is especially problematic to subcontractors because they do not obtain policies on a project-by-project basis. Multiple additional insured claims will, at a minimum, increase the named insureds premiums, and potentially lead to the roofer’s insurance provider declining to renew policies. Third, the named insured faces the risk of paying a deductible for a claim brought by an additional insured even if the claim is questionable. Finally, the additional insureds have less incentive to be as careful or responsible as they would be if they were not named additional insureds on a roofers’ policy.

Subcontractors need to be careful in negotiating with prime contractors and owners so as not to fall into any of the above-mentioned traps. Instead of automatically granting AI status to your customers, determine if the agreement can be executed without adding them as an additional insured. This will ultimately save you money in increased CGL premiums.

Author’s note: The information contained in this article is for general educational information only. This information does not constitute legal advice, is not intended to constitute legal advice, nor should it be relied upon as legal advice for your specific factual pattern or situation. Regulations and laws may vary depending on your location. Consult with a licensed attorney in your area if you wish to obtain legal advice and/or counsel for a particular legal issue.

Trent Cotney is an advocate for the roofing industry, General Counsel of FRSA, NWIR, WCRCA and PBCRSMA, and a Florida Bar Board Certified Construction Lawyer. For more information, contact the author at 813-579-3278 or visit www.trentcotney.com.

www.floridaroof.com | FLORIDA ROOFING

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Industry Updates Carlisle Acquires Drexel Metals

Carlisle Construction Materials (CCM) announces its acquisition of Drexel Metals, Inc. of Louisville, KY. Drexel is a leader in the architectural metal roofing segment serving both residential and commercial customers from its regional facilities in PA, KY, FL, CO, and MD. Drexel’s primary business model of on-site roll forming of metal panels is complemented by its ability to also provide custom trim and cornice fabrication, edge metal, and a wide range of underlayment and insulation products. Drexel’s senior management team will be staying on and working with CCM to greatly expand the

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brand’s presence in the architectural metal roofing segment.

“Drexel Metals is excited about being part of the CCM family of products and what this new structure will mean for its customers and employees. Carlisle’s strong management team and resources bring an unprecedented level of support and add impetus to Drexel Metals’ growth strategy,” commented Brian Partyka, President of Drexel Metals.

CCM CEO John Altmeyer commented, “Drexel Metals represents an outstanding opportunity for CCM to expand its roofing presence beyond its traditional low-slope, single-ply segment. The fragmented nature of the metal roofing business allows for both greenfield and acquisition growth opportunities that the experienced team at Drexel will be encouraged to pursue.”

Henry Company Acquires TQ3 NA, Inc.

Henry Company, a leader in Building Envelope Systems, has acquired TQ3 North America, Inc. based in Fairfield, NJ, a technology leader in fluid applied waterproofing systems.

The strategic acquisition of TQ3 reinforces the core business of Henry Building Envelope Systems and enhances the ability to deliver custom waterproofing solutions for the benefit of the building owner, architect, contractor and occupant.

TQ3 fluid applied systems utilize leading-edge technology, offering clients a comprehensive range of application-specific solutions. TQ3 systems incorporate a range of chemistries including hybrid polyurethanes, polyurea, PMMA and epoxies to provide quick-setting, durable and long-lasting waterproofing solutions. The TQ3 business is further enhanced by its Technical Services Division, which rents, operates and manages spray-applied waterproofing projects.

“This acquisition strengthens our Building Envelope Systems portfolio of products and allows us to provide enhanced waterproofing solutions for our customers,” said Frank Ready, CEO of Henry Company. “We are excited to have TQ3 as part of the Henry family and are looking forward to providing customers with these innovative waterproofing technologies.”

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FLORIDA ROOFING | August 2017

U.S. regulators have given conditional approval to the pending $130 billion merger between chemical giants The Dow Chemical Company and DuPont.

The Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission announced that they had approved the transaction on the condition that each company make some divestitures. Dow will be required to sell its acid copolymers and ionomers business, while DuPont must divest of its Finesse and Rynaxypyr lines of pesticides. The companies expect the deal to close in August.

Dow announced in February that it plans to sell its Ethylene Acrylic Acid copolymers and ionomers business to SK Global Chemical Co. Ltd. The DOJ says Dow and DuPont are the country’s only suppliers of acid copolymers and ionomers, which are used in consumer product packaging and industrial applications such as metalized building panels. Seoul-based SK is a manufacturer of olefins, aromatics, performance chemicals and polymers, as well as synthetic rubber.

FRSA President’s Award The President’s Award is presented each year to the questions for members. One wrong answer or bad piece of person who the FRSA President deems the most helpful advice could cost our member a job, to be red-tagged, to during their term on the Board and Executive Committee. fail an inspection or to install a job improperly.

This year has been an incredibly busy one in the codes This year’s President’s Award was a very difficult dearena with code modifications, cision for FRSA President George challenges with specific code lanEbersold. He stated “As I looked back guage and appearances before the through my year, I’ve been fortunate Florida Building Commission and to have a great deal of support from the Roofing TAC. In addition to the the Executive Committee, staff, the work contributed by Trent and Cam, Board of Directors, Trent Cotney, a core group of members do most of Cam Fentriss and many committee the work in this area on a volunteer members. But one stood out among basis. the others as someone who truly “As the year progressed, I noticed made my job easier.” and staff confirmed that one mem“Having lost our technical diber was continually assisting staff rector three months into my year with calls and emails in handling as president, I thought that I would code and technical questions. This need to jump in and assist staff individual filled in a void allowing on answering code and technical me to handle other areas within the questions that they weren’t able Association,” stated Ebersold. to answer, knowing that this might Congratulations to Tim Graboski, require a good deal of time,” stated Tim Graboski Roofing Inc., Deerfield Ebersold. Of all the areas within the Beach, Fla. on receiving the 2017 Association, none is more important FRSA President’s Award! than dealing with code and technical

Sal Delfino Wins Heart Award The Earl Blank Memorial Service Heart Award was created by the Blank family in order to honor their family patriarch through the annual recognition of an FRSA associate member who exemplifies Earl’s commitment to the roofing industry. We are fortunate as an Association to have so many wonderful Associate members and picking an award recipient is never an easy task.

This year’s recipient, Sal Delfino, Petersen Aluminum Corp., could not be more deserving. He has been involved as a superb ambassador for FRSA over the years in a quietly effective manner. Sal is truly one of FRSA’s behind the scenes most valuable players, and has always been ready to volunteer when he is able to serve.

Professionally, he has led an interesting life in the roofing industry. Sal started working with his father in construction in New

York as a young man, moved to Florida and built his own metal roofing company from the ground up. He sold that business some year’s back and he now reps for one of the industry’s largest metal manufacturers, Petersen Aluminum.

Sal currently serves on several FRSA committees including Codes and Regulatory Compliance, Roof Tile, Membership and Convention, as well as a director on the FRSA Board. He is a faithful attendee of Florida Building Commission and Roofing TAC meetings, and when he is not volunteering for FRSA, he spends as much time as possible with his grandsons and on the golf course, two passions a lot of us can identify with.

For the dedication that he brings to all FRSA functions, and the positive approach he exhibits in all his interactions with the Association and the industry, FRSA congratulates Sal Delfino! www.floridaroof.com | FLORIDA ROOFING

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Silent Auction Donors Support FRSA Educational and Research Foundation Each year, the FRSA Educational and Research Foundation Trustees look forward to an exciting FRSA Convention and Expo, and this year was no exception. It’s a great place to see the latest industry products, network with industry professionals, attend quality seminars and, of course, win big at the Foundation’s Silent Auction.

This year’s Silent Auction included 185 items! We are so grateful to all the valuable donors that made this event possible and supported our education and research programs. The Silent Auction raised over $24,000, directly supporting the Foundation’s programs and services.

Thank you to the following companies and individuals for their generous donations!

3 Daughters Brewing A Day Away Kayak Tours Alcohol by Volume Wine Co. Allied Building Products Corp.

Alvin J. Singleton Inc. Anna Cam Fentriss Government Relations Andretti Thrill Park Another Broken Egg Atlas Roofing Corp.

Avalon Manufacturing Boca Raton Resort & Club Bold City Brewery Brooklyn Botanic Garden Buffalo Trace Distillery Busch Gardens Tampa Bay Butterfly World Café Tu Tu Tango Canvas Restaurant & Market Caribe Royale Orlando Celebration Golf Club CertainTeed Corp.

Chicago Cubs Clearwater Marine Aquarium Cleary Inspection Services Inc. Cobb Theatre Coco Key Water Resort Commercial Roofing Consultants, Inc. Costa d’Este Vero Beach Crayola Experience Dewey’s Indoor Golf & Sports Grill Dixie Crossroads Restaurant Dow Building Solutions Duffy’s Sports Grill 14

FLORIDA ROOFING | August 2017

Duro-Last Roofing Inc. EagleView Technologies Electra Bicycle Company EO Inn Florida Roofing Magazine FRSA-SIF Funky Buddha Brewery Gainesville Roofing Inc. Georgia Aquarium Goss Inc. Gulf Coast Supply Gulfarium Marine Adventure Park Gulfeagle Supply Guy Harvey Inc. Hampton Golf Hard Rock Café Orlando Hart & Cooley Hawks Cay Resort Henkel Howl at the Moon Orlando Homecoming Florida Kitchen Hunter Panels Hyatt Regency Orlando Hydraulic Machinery Inc. ICP Adhesives & Sealant Imperial Roofing of Polk County Inc. Integrity Golf iRoofing Jacksonville Jaguars Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens Johnsons Popcorn Karnak Corp.

Kathy’s Gone Wild Outdoor Photography Kennedy Skylights Ker’s Winghouse Kings Bowl America Kirby Fiberglass Inc.

Ladies of FRSA Lagunitas Brewing Co. Loretta & Ken Hartley Mango’s Tropical Café Inc. Marco Industries Mark Kaufman Roofing Contractor, Inc. Mark Zehnal, CPRC Medieval Times Tournament Miami Dolphins Foundation Miami Seaquarium Millennium Metals Inc. Mission Inn Resort MOSI Mpix Nothing Bundt Cakes NRCA O’Hagin, LLC OMG Roofing Products PAM Fastening/ Fastenmaster Petersen Aluminum PRP Wine International Rachel Zehnal Rebecca Minkoff Rifle Paper Co. Ripley’s Believe It Or Not! R.K. Hydro-Vac Rogue Pub Roku Roof Assessment Specialists Inc. Roof Hugger RoofersCoffeeShop.com Roofing Contractor Magazine Roy’s Restaurant Rusty’s Seafood & Oyster Bar Saddlebrooke Resort SeaWorld Orlando

Segway of Central Florida Senco Sheraton Sand Key Resort Showcase of Citrus Silvers Systems Inc. Simoniz Car Wash Simpson Strong-Tie Six Flags Over Georgia Sleuths Mystery Dinner Show SOPREMA Inc. Specialty Restaurants Group Splitsville Square 1 Burgers St. Augustine Alligator Farm Sunniland Roofing Supply Co. Tampa Bay Buccaneers Tampa Bay Rays TC Parker & Associates The Barrymore Hotel Tampa Riverwalk The Florida Aquarium The Marmara Park Avenue Tibby’s New Orleans Kitchen Tijuana Flats TooJay’s Total Wine & More TCRCA Tropical Roofing Products Union Corrugating Co. Vineyard Vines Walker Rep Group Walt Disney World Walt Disney World Golf Wawa Foundation WonderWorks Orlando YouFit Health Clubs Zoo Miami

$6,500,000 - Now That’s a Big Number!

The FRSA Convention and Expo is always an exciting event and this year at the Orange County Convention Center one of the many highlights of the show was the FRSA Self Insurers Fund’s announcement of another incredible dividend to its member workers’ compensation policyholders.

Trustee Chairman Jim Cheshire made the announcement of the $6,500,000 dividend at the annual opening luncheon to an excited crowd of attendees. Cheshire explained that the dividend being paid represented an average return of premium of 27 percent based on the 2016 policy year and to the eligible member participants

insured with the Self Insurers Fund as of December 31, 2016.

Cheshire congratulated the FRSA-SIF Members in attendance and encouraged them to continue stressing safety in their workplaces for the health and benefit of their employees.

You can find out if you qualify for membership with the FRSA Self Insurers Fund for your workers’ compensation insurance needs by visiting their website, www.FRSASIF.com or by calling 800-767-3772, extension 246.

Here are a few of the HAPPY recipients!

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FRSA Affiliate Competition Winners In keeping with the Convention theme, the 2017 FRSA Affiliate Competition, sponsored by the FRSA Self Insurers Fund, was a “canstructure” competition, where Affiliate teams built displays using nonperishable food items. The participating Affiliates were extremely creative with their themes and projects, which were displayed on the Expo floor. After the show, approximately 1,800 cans and boxes of food were donated to United Against Poverty, a local non-profit organization that partners with dozens of other community organizations to not only meet immediate food needs, but also addresses health challenges and connects families with resources that assist in breaking the terrible cycle of poverty.

FRSA Affiliates who chose not to participate in the “canstructure” competition did their part by making a monetary donation, which went to The Fuller Center for Housing, FRSA’s 2017 Charity of Choice. Total donations exceeded $3,500.

The Affiliate Competition Winners

People’s Choice – TCRCA – Tri-County Roofing Contractors Association Structure Ingenuity – TCRSA – Treasure Coast Roofing & Sheet Metal Association Inc. Best Use of Labels – CFRSA – Central Florida Roofing & Sheet Metal Contractors Association The winner of the Affiliate Competition Challenge Cup is TCRCA. Congratulations to all!

24

FLORIDA ROOFING | August 2017

Scholarships Awarded

Liftig Governor Level Endowment for their contributions.

This was the final year for the Cole Springer scholarship, named after a previous Foundation recipient who is paying it forward and repaying the amount of his scholarships so that other students may benefit.

The FRSA Self Insurers Fund’s scholarship in memory of FRSA Life Member, Past President and Campanella Recipient, Joe Rutkoski, will be awarded to the top performing student each year until 2018.

Congratulations to the 2017 Scholarship Recipients!

Since the scholarship program inception, the FRSA Educational & Research Foundation has awarded over $215,000 in scholarships. This year, we were honored to award scholarships to 11 outstanding students.

The Educational Foundation Trustees receive completed application submissions and grade them based on multiple criteria, carefully reviewing academic performance, honors, community involvement and more; a very Abigail Logan – recipient of the Bowen, Hilson, Turner challenging process considering the number of applicascholarship tions submitted. Scoring sheets are submitted to staff to Lance Manson – recipient of the Joseph Rutkoski compile and the Foundation Trustees then hold a conferMemorial scholarship ence call and award scholarships based on final scores.

Caitlin Monaghan – recipient of the Mason E. Liftig The Educational Foundation also has an Endowment scholarship Fund, in which contributors have the opportunity to desElizabeth Wieland – recipient of the Cole Springer Pay ignate the industry-related earnings from their gifts. This It Forward scholarship year’s scholarships were funded and made possible by Emily Belcher Grant Kemp endowment contributors who designated their earnings Lauren Boone Christine Kenney to benefit scholarships. Thanks to the Bowen, Hilson and Brenden Shipley Morgan Curry Turner Chairman Level Endowment, Edwards Roofing Briana Harris Company Governor Level Endowment, the FRSA Self Scholarship applications for 2018 will be available in Insurers Fund’s Chancellor Level Endowment, the Charlie Raymond Governor Level Endowment, the George Pepin January. FRSA members and their families and employees Family Governor Level Endowment, and the Mason E. are eligible for scholarships.

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Charlie Raymond Membership Award The Charlie Raymond Membership Award is presented to an FRSA member for outstanding achievement in the area of membership promotion and recruitment during the past year. Each year, Charlie’s grandson, Jason Carruth of Advanced Roofing Inc., helps the FRSA President present this award.

The award is named after Charlie Raymond, FRSA Past President, Life Member and Campanella Award Recipient, because of his many years of promoting FRSA membership benefits – both locally and at the national level. Charlie was relentless in his pursuit of prospective members, and FRSA has been a stronger organization over the years because of his efforts.

This year’s recipient of the Charlie Raymond Membership Award, Todd Brown, has also shown that membership recruitment is in his blood. He has attended countless FRSA Affiliate meetings over the years, at one point four or five a month, and has served on the board of all of them. Through the calls on existing and prospective clients, he has introduced several contractor companies to FRSA over the years, as well as each of the companies he has worked for if they were not already members.

Todd grew up on Long Island and met his future bride, Sandy Brinson, while attending college in Boston, but has lived and worked in Florida for over 30 years. He is an avid coin collector and Gator fan, is known as a dedicated sales person, and those who are fortunate enough to know him on

a personal level, admire his quick wit and fun-loving spirit.

For many years, Todd ran the FRSA Convention Fishing Tournament, and currently serves on the FRSA Board of Directors as well as the Governmental Affairs, Convention and the Codes and Regulatory Compliance Committees. He is one of the truly dedicated volunteers staff knows they can count on when help is needed.

For his constant support of FRSA and outstanding work for the industry, FRSA is pleased to announce Todd Brown, Union Corrugating, as the 2017 Charlie Raymond Membership Award recipient!

Donnie Harp Awarded Life Membership During the Friday Business Luncheon, the membership approved Life Membership for Donnie Harp, Imperial Roofing of Polk County Inc. The FRSA Bylaws state that any FRSA Past President who has been with an FRSA member company for at least twenty-five years shall be considered for Life Membership.

This year we have only one member who qualifies for this honor.

FRSA Life Membership is recommended by members, and is awarded to individuals in recognition of their many years of outstanding service to the roofing industry and FRSA. Donnie has been in the industry for almost all his life, a whole lot more than 25 years! Like so many roofing contractors he comes from a roofing family and grew up in the business. In fact, there is a picture of him, his siblings and father from his childhood on the 2003 Convention poster themed “It’s a Family Affair,” where he can’t be more than eight years old, standing in front of the company vehicle.

Donnie, along with his brother Kenny, has continued a decades’ long tradition of providing quality work at a reasonable price for Polk County customers.

He has served on the FRSA Board of Directors and numerous committees over the years. He currently serves not only as a Director, but on the Advisory, Building, Codes, Convention, Membership and Roof Tile Committees. He 26

FLORIDA ROOFING | August 2017

would probably serve on the Young Professionals Council too if he qualified.

An FRSA icon, Donnie stands out in every event he attends, and by that we mean you can find his hat across even the most crowded room. The theme for his year as FRSA President was “Staying on Track for a Winning Future,” reflecting his commitment to the Association going forward, as well as recognizing the significant contributions made by those who came before him. For his dedication and long-time service to the industry, FRSA is pleased to congratulate Donnie Harp as the newest Life Member!

FRSA Honorary Membership The FRSA Bylaws state that any persons having proven themselves an outstanding asset to the industry shall be considered for Honorary Membership.

The award is bestowed on individuals in recognition of their many years of faithful, devoted and outstanding service to the industry and the Association. This year we are fortunate to have two members who have fulfilled the award criteria in spades and have both served on the contracting and supplier side of the industry. In fact, they have a lot in common with each other, as both are family men and loving grandfathers, heavily involved with FRSA’s Codes and Roof Tile Committees and also serve on the Codes Subcommittee – the group responsible for monitoring the Florida Building Code and approving code modifications.

Our first recipient has been involved in the roofing industry since 1986 working as a carpenter for Tip Top Roofing in Orlando until 1993 when he tried his hand at selling roofing material and went to work for ABC Supply Company. Here he made his mark on the industry, as anyone who has ever spoken with him knows – his kind, fun-loving and gentle manner makes working with him a pleasure. Over the years, he’s also worked for Blackton Inc., and at one time, was FRSA’s Technical Director. He was a certified roofing contractor and earned the prestigious Certified Professional Roofing Contractor (CPRC) designation from FRSA. When not selling roofing materials, he enjoys offshore fishing, golfing and landscaping, but family is his pride and joy and being a Grampa trumps all. We’re very pleased to announce that Jim Carducci, CPRC, ABC Supply Co. was elected an FRSA Honorary Member!

Our second recipient has been involved in the roofing industry most of his life, as he grew up in a family owned roofing business. In 1972, he moved to Florida and began

roofing on his own. In 1982, he received his roofing license and purchased Al Gerber Incorporated, a local roofing company, which later changed to Gerber Inspections Services since he was doing more home inspections than roofing. Eventually he changed the company name to Regal Consulting of South Florida. In 2007, he took his many years of experience as a contractor and put them to good use working for roof tile manufacturer Eagle Roofing Products Florida.

Over his many years in the industry, our nominee has been an integral part of the Roof Tile and Codes Committees and focused on the many rewrites of the FRSA-TRI Roof Tile Manuals. He’s also an active member of TRI, the NRA, he enjoys fishing, cooking and family. And we’re very pleased to announce that Manny Oyola Jr., Eagle Roofing Products Florida was also elected an FRSA Honorary Member!

Congratulations to both Jim and Manny – we’re very fortunate to have them representing our industry!

One Beautifully Enthusiastic Lady Bill Bieler was a human dynamo when it came to his involvement with FRSA, from committee work to almost single handedly building the Political Action Committee Silent Auction years ago. He was the Energizer Bunny with a funny mustache. This year’s recipient of the Bieler Enthusiasm Award is cut from the same mold, except for the facial hair.

Our recipient has a reputation to those that know her as someone who is extremely determined once she puts her mind to something. In the past couple of years, she has breathed new life into her local affiliate, the Sarasota

Manatee Roofing and Sheet Metal Contractors Association.

She has created a lot of excitement in that group by displaying the same “can do” attitude that we at FRSA have come to see as part of this lady’s personality. On one occasion, a speaker who was scheduled for a meeting didn’t show, so our recipient filled the dead air with her beautiful voice, singing what has been described as a moving version of Amazing Grace.

This will come as no surprise to those of you who were at the first Board of Directors meeting after 9-11 when she began the Friday group lunch with a spine-tingling rendition of the same wonderful hymn, or for those who attended last year’s S.T.A.R. Awards as she sang the Lord’s Prayer.

Her work on the Convention, Membership, and Ladies Committees and the Affiliate Council have allowed her to put her strong volunteer spirit, enthusiasm, positive attitude and leadership skills on display within the Association, and her presence at FRSA social functions makes it much more likely an enjoyable time will be had by those attending.

FRSA is pleased to announce April Dacas, Len’s Roofing Inc., Bradenton, as the 2017 Bieler Enthusiasm Award recipient. Congratulations April! www.floridaroof.com | FLORIDA ROOFING

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Predicting Moisture Buildup in Roof Sheathing David O. Prevatt, Ph.D., PE, University of Florida & Dr. William A. Miller, Ph.D., Oak Ridge National Laboratory

PHASE II Analytical Assessment of Field Data for Sealed Attics in Florida

The University of Florida (UF) and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) completed an analytical study based on field measurements collected on four homes instrumented for measuring the heat and moisture flows in sealed and semi-conditioned attics.

The Phase II study evaluated the effect of attic heat and moisture flows carried by air convection or driven by diffusion on the durability of the roof sheathing. Opencell spray polyurethane foam insulation was applied directly to the underside of the roof deck of each home. A Probabilistic Risk Assessment Toolkit (PRAT) was benchmarked against Phase I field measurements for Houses 2 and 4. PRAT used the following inputs on leakage areas from: 1) the attic to the outside; 2) indoor space to the outside; and 3) indoor space to the attic, as well as 4) the attic duct leakage, 5) interior heat generation, 6) interior moisture generation and 7) thermostat set points. A sensitivity analysis for all input variables revealed that interior moisture and heat generation and the set point temperature of the thermostat had the greatest effect on the moisture content of the roof sheathing. The duct leakage into the attic and thermostat heating set point temperature tended to reduce the moisture content of the roof sheathing.

The air leakage rate from attic-to-outdoors showed little sensitivity to moisture accumulation in the roof sheathing.

The PRAT assessments and the field measured moisture content of the roof sheathing for the homes in Venice and Gainesville, Fla. indicated that during the summer and winter periods the moisture content was always below a 20 percent moisture content level. Therefore, there was no risk of mold inception or decay of the wood roof sheathing. The study did not show any detrimental effects of the

open-cell spray foam insulation applied to the underside of the roof deck. The PRAT toolkit verified that no condensation of moisture occurs during the time of the field study. All roofs of the test homes were well constructed for shedding liquid water and there was no intrusion of liquid water onto the sheathing.

Introduction

During the 2016 summer and with financial support from the Florida Building Commission (FBC) and the Florida Roofing and Sheet Metal Contractors Association (FRSA), the University of Florida (UF) and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) completed Phase I of a study that setup four residential home demonstrations in Florida climate zones CZ-2A, Figure 1. The home in West Palm Beach borders climate zone CZ-1A. The four homes were instrumented for measuring temperature and relative humidity of the indoor living space, the outdoor air and the attic air. In addition, instruments were installed for measuring temperature, relative humidity and moisture content of the roof sheathing. Instrument measurements were monitored and recorded by remotely-accessible data acquisition equipment. Field tests commenced June 1, 2016. A full year of data was collected and reduced to document heat and moisture flows.

Air leakage tests on the whole house, on the sealed attic and in the HVAC ducts were conducted on all four homes; results of the field study are reported by Miller.

Table 1 provides salient features of each home’s roof, attic, heating, HVAC system as well as the leakage rates measured in the field.

While the energy efficiency aspect of a sealed attic construction has urged builders to switch to sealed attics, there is a concern about moisture accumulation at the sheathing-to-insulation interface.

Figure 1 – Location of Selected Sealed Attic Houses Moving the insulation from the ceiling level to the roof deck increases the overall insulated area leading to difficulties in achieving high R-values. R-value is a measure of the thermal resistance of a material. These concerns have led to several experimental and analytical studies on sealed attic constructions.

There are several factors controlling the moisture performance of a sealed attic. A comprehensive literature review on the moisture performance of sealed attic constructions, where the moisture movement in a sealed attic is attributed to several factors: www.floridaroof.com | FLORIDA ROOFING

29

Table 1. Characteristics of Selected Florida Houses Characteristic

House 1

House 2

House 3

House 4

Location

West Palm Beach

Venice

Orlando

Gainesville

Attic

Sealed ocSPF

Sealed ocSPF

Sealed ocSPF

Sealed ocSPF

Type of roof

Standing seam metal

Concrete barrel tile

Asphalt shingle

Asphalt shingle

Conditioned Area

2,043 sq. ft.

3,592 sq. ft.

2,348 sq. ft.

3,055 sq. ft.

Conditioned Volume

29,670 cubic ft.

42,183 cubic ft.

22,115 cubic ft.

29,022 cubic ft.

Attic Volume

6,800 cubic ft.

7,692 cubic ft.

5,106 cubic ft.

14,002 cubic ft.

Total ACH at 50Pa

6.7

2.2

8.6

5.2

58% / 42%

36% / 64%

12% / 87%

5% / 95%

0.11 CFM / sq. ft.

0.16 CFM / sq. ft.

0.26 CFM / sq. ft.

0.21 CFM / sq. ft.

Heat Pump

Heat Pump

Air-Handler in closet

HVAC outside

Leakage Breakdown Attic / Conditioned Space Total Duct Leakage HVAC System

AC with Elec Furnace Air-Handler in attic Ducts in attic

Ducts in attic

No Duct in tested attic

Heat Pump Air-Handler in closet Supply Ducts in attic

Dehumidifier

NA

UltraAir

NA

Master Bath

Roof deck insulation

R-15: 4” ocSPF

R-21: 5.5” ocSPF

R-15: 4” ocSPF

R-27: 7” ocSPF

R-19: 2010 FECC

R-19: 2010 FECC

R-19: 2002 FECC

R-19: FECC 2007

(h·ft2·°F/Btu) Code minimum R-value/ Active FECC*

*FECC code in effect during application of spray foam to seal attic by prescription requirement.

Figure 2 – Vented and sealed attics. Dark grey area is conditioned by HVAC and light grey area is semi-conditioned by duct leakage and air leaks through.

30

FLORIDA ROOFING | August 2017

■■ High indoor and outdoor air humidity ■■ Rain water intrusion ■■ Sheathing temperatures below dew point of attic air temperature

Figure 3 – Condensation problems in roof deck as demonstrated in Green Building Advisor (right). Moisture Problems in a ccSPF insulated sealed attic (left).

■■ Air leakage from attic to outside environment Wood moisture content, expressed as the ratio of mass of water in wood to the mass of dry wood is typically around six percent around the time of construction. The above-mentioned factors can increase the moisture content in the roof sheathing to higher values over 20 percent and in some cases exceeding 30 percent leading to wood rot, mold formation and loss of structural capacities. This concern is especially prevalent in hot and humid climates, such as in Florida. Florida has two climate zones, CZ-1 and CZ-2 both defined as hot-humid by the International Energy Conservatory Code and ASHRAE. The prescriptive guidelines for sealed attics does not provide for a single standard procedure to apply spray polyurethane foam insulation to the underside of the wood deck. Builders are confounded by the lack of information in the codes and typically fail to achieve the total R-value for roof insulation of R-30 and R-38 for climate zones CZ-1 and CZ-2. The failure to achieve code level insulation could lead to potential moisture problems such as mold formations or air leakage problems leading to energy penalties, defying the reason for sealing the roof deck. Hence the Florida Building Commission has been in search of quality information on sealed attic construction to include in the next version of the Florida Building Code, to aid builders in achieving good quality of sealed attic constructions.

Objective

The goal of this project was to evaluate the moisture content accumulation in the roof sheathing of sealed attic houses in Florida. The Florida Building Commission contracted the University of Florida and Oak Ridge National Laboratory to monitor the hygrothermal performance of four single-family residential houses in Florida. In Phase I, we selected and instrumented four houses from Florida locations, namely, West Palm Beach, Venice, Orlando and Gainesville. The four houses are located in the hot-humid climate zone 2A of Florida (Table 1). The West Palm Beach house is near the northern border for climate zone 1A. All houses had attics sealed with open-cell spray-applied polyurethane foam (ocSPF) insulation. This report summarizes the combined experimental and analytical work performed to analyze the moisture movement in the sealed attics of Florida residential houses.

In Phase I, we installed temperature, relative humidity and moisture sensors in each of the four attics to monitor

the movement and potential storage of moisture in the roof sheathing. Acquisition of this field data is an ongoing process, done wirelessly through data loggers that upload the data every day. We conducted air leakage tests using blower doors and duct blasters to quantify the air leakage.

Probabilistic Risk Assessment Toolkit (PRAT)

For Phase II, ORNL developed a Probabilistic Risk Assessment Toolkit (PRAT) that can predict the indoor climate and moisture content in the roof sheathing. This toolkit utilizes three software packages – Building Energy optimization, BEopt and Energy Plus developed by the Department of Energy (DOE) for building energy simulations to predict air temperature and humidity in the indoor conditioned space and the attic space of residential houses and WUFI 1D for hygrothermal modeling to predict the roof sheathing moisture content.

Field Data for Four Florida Homes

For each of the four Florida houses, the data acquired through air leakage testing and installed attic sensors were analyzed to quantify the moisture accumulation in the roof sheathing. Four air leakage tests were performed: 1. Duct Blaster Test – to determine the total duct leakage, 2. Guarded Duct Blaster Test – to determine the duct leakage to the unvented attic, 3. Blower Door Test – to determine the airtightness of the house, and 4. Guarded Blower Door Test – to determine the attic leakage to the outdoor ambient.

The envelope of House 2 was the most air tight of all four houses; its Air-Change per Hour value in 50 percent (ACH50) was 2.2, compared to 5.2 for House 4, 6.7 for House 1 and 8.6 for House 3. House 1 was poorly sealed and had the largest air leakage from the attic, 2,510 cfm as www.floridaroof.com | FLORIDA ROOFING

31

Figure 4 – Total Building Envelope Leakage for Test Homes comprises two components; a) air leakage from the attic and b) air leakage from the occupied living space

into percentage MC using an algorithm developed by ORNL and benchmarked against data from previous research.

Data is measured every 30-seconds and is reduced as raw data averages over 15-minute, 60-minute, and 24-hour intervals. Post processing of the raw data yields weekly or annual records containing data averages over 15-minute and 60-minute intervals for all four houses. We have analyzed 60-minute data in this report.

Time History of Moisture Content

The moisture content levels remained well below the 20 percent level throughout the summer. Starting from about October, the data showed a slight increase in the moisture content. However, the measured moisture levels were still well below the point of inception for mold, mildew or wood rot. House 4 in Gainesville had a spike in moisture content during January when the house is typically occupied (snow bird house). The cause for the anomaly is unknown.

compared to all other houses that had air leakage of less than 700 cfm. However, the total duct leakage in House 2 in cfm per square foot of footprint was roughly the same as in the other three houses. For House 2, the duct leakage to the attic could not be determined directly, so we instead measured the duct leakage to the conditioned space and subtracted this from the total duct leakage Relationship Between Measure Temperatures yielding duct leakage to the attic. To determine the duct The outside temperature drives the variations in leakage into the conditioned space, we connected one the indoor temperatures. The temperatures at the roof duct blaster to the return vent and one duct blaster to the sheathing are consistent with the outside temperature. attic access and performed the test.

The sheathing facing south had higher temperatures than the north facing roof. House 4 located in Gainesville had Reducing Measured Climate Data lower outside temperature in the winter months when Each house has 16 sensors installed in the attic to meacompared to House 2. This is a potential reason for highsure the temperature, RH and moisture content at various er moisture contents in House 4. Both House 2 and locations. All houses had a similar layout of sensors as House 4 have well insulated and sealed attics which lead shown in Figure 5 for consistency interpreting data among to excellent correlation between the attic and the indoor the four houses. These measured parameters are available temperatures. in engineered units. The moisture content of wood is measured in the form of electrical resistance and is converted Figure 5 – Location of Sensors in House 4. All four test houses were instrumented in the same location to assist in measurement comparisons; locations shown in cross-sectional view in Figure 6.

32

FLORIDA ROOFING | August 2017

Relationship Between Temperature, Humidity and Moisture Content

The attic temperature and humidity controls the behavior of moisture movement in the attic and the roof sheathing. Attic humidity over 80 percent for prolonged periods can induce more moisture movement and lead to potential moisture accumulation in the attic. House 2 had relatively smaller daylight swings of temperature and humidity. The humidity in the attic is controlled by means of a dehumidifier and hence the humidity does not climb above 80 percent, meaning no conditions for moisture movement. House 4 had large daylight swings in attic humidity and reached over 80 percent for a long period during December – June. Alarming humidity values of over 90 percent and close to saturating humidity occured during this period allowing favorable conditions for moisture accumulation.

The dew point temperature is the temperature at which the air cools to saturation point allowing for the water to condense. House 4 had superimposition of both temperatures in the winter period providing for favorable

Figure 6 – Location of temperature, humidity and moisture sensors installed inside the sealed attic, in the conditioned space and the outside.

identified an inverse trend between attic air leakage and indoor air comfort.

Probabilistic Risk Assessment Toolkit

The Probabilistic Risk Assessment Toolkit (PRAT) is a probabilistic toolkit for predicting the indoor climate and roof sheathing moisture content. The toolkit utilizes Building Energy Optimization software to numerically model the four field houses with specific plan dimensions and construction materials.

House characteristics such as air leakage and occupant behavior are varied to produce probabilistic indoor climate and attic air climate using ENERGY PLUS, a building energy simulation software. The ENERGY PLUS output data in combination with actual external condensation conditions. This also caused the moisture climate data are fed into a roof configuration content to spike to 20 percent in House 4. numerical model developed in WUFI 1D, a hygrothermal analysis software, which predicts the moisture content acIndoor Climate VS ASHRAE Comfort Zone cumulation at the interface of roof sheathing and ocSPF. ASHRAE Standard 55 defines an indoor comfort zone Table 3 tabulates the inputs required by each software of as a range of ambient house temperatures and humidity the toolkit. ratios resulting in indoor conditions comfortable to occupants. We compared field-measured indoor climates with Probabilistic and Deterministic Simulations ASHRAE comfort zone to determine the occupant comfort In Phase I, students from the University of Florida and levels in the sealed attic houses. House 1 is a retrofit home an ORNL summer intern recorded pertinent characterisand has a large attic-to-outside leakage area. Houses 2, 3, tics of each single-family residence. Information included and 4 had spray foam installed at the time of construction dimensions of all rooms in the conditioned space, slope and have smaller attic-to-outside leakage area. We have and style of the roofs, the roof structure, size of the attic Table 2. Percentage Time House Conditions were Outside of ASHRAE Comfort Zone

House

House 1

House 2

House 3

House 4

W Palm Beach

Venice

Orlando

Gainesville

House Retrofit with Spray Foam? % of Hours Outside Comfort Zone

Yes

No

No

No

36%

3.9%

13.6%

11.1%

Table 3. PRAT Inputs

Building Energy Optimization BEopt ■■ House location and climate throughout the research period ■■ House geometry and material properties ■■ Building occupancy conditions (number of people, fans, lights, how many meals cooked per day, number of baths per day etc.)

■■ Measured thermostat temperatures

ENERGY PLUS

WUFI 1D

■■ Attic duct leakage

■■ Roof section details

■■ Interior moisture generation rate

■■ Air leakage rates from ENERGY PLUS

■■ Interior heat generation

■■ Outdoor Climate

■■ Thermostat set points

■■ HVAC schedules ■■ Effective Leakage Areas (ELA) for leakages from attic to outside, living space to outside, living space to attic. www.floridaroof.com | FLORIDA ROOFING

33

Table 4. Simulated and Field House Characteristics

House Story Plan Area Roof Structure Roof Cover Roof Sheathing Roof Deck Insulation

Generic House Model 2 – story 2,400 sq.ft.

Hip Asphalt Shingle Plywood (5/8 in) R-38 10in. ocSPF

House 2 – Venice 2 – story 3,592 sq.ft.

Hip Concrete S-tile OSB (5/8 in) R-21 5.5in. ocSPF

House 4 – Gainesville 1 – story 3,055 sq.ft.

Hip Asphalt Shingle Plywood (5/8 in) R-27 7in. ocSPF

Conditioned Volume Attic Volume # of Occupants

19000 ft3 4000 ft3 1-6

42,183 ft3 7,692 ft3 2

29,022 ft3 14,002 ft3 2

and the type and dimensions of the spray foam insulation.

In addition, the students documented building envelope dimensions and materials for the exterior wall cladding, exterior windows and foundation and roof. The ORNL intern used the field-measured house characteristics and the BEopt (v 2.6.0.1) program to develop into numerical models. The analytical models include the house physical characteristics of mechanical ventilation, space conditioning and associated conditioning schedules, lighting, water heating and appliances. The spray foam insulation was installed during initial construction in three of the four

34

FLORIDA ROOFING | August 2017

houses, and it was added during retrofitting of the fourth home.

PRAT Simulated Roof Sheathing Moisture Contents

It has been established that the specific house models cannot accurately predict the temperature and humidity in the attic of the Florida field-homes. Hence, for predicting the roof sheathing moisture contents the following inputs are used:

Table 5. Type of Inputs used for PRAT Simulations Inputs

Simulation 1

Simulation 2

Simulation 3

Probabilistic Inputs

Probabilistic + Deterministic

Probabilistic + Deterministic

Generic model

Generic model

Texas (climate zone 2A)

Florida (climate zone 2A)

Specific House Model Florida (climate zone

Probabilistic data

Probabilistic data

Probabilistic data

Attic Duct Leakage Area

Generic house leakage

Field-measured leakage

Probabilistic data

Attic-to-Outside Leakage Area

Generic House Leakage

Field-measured leakage

Interior-to-Outside Leakage Area

Generic House Leakage

Field-measured leakage

Attic-to-Interior Leakage Area

ORNL measured leakage from 12 houses

ORNL measured leakagem from 12 houses

ORNL measuredmleakage from 12 houses

Climate zone 2A

Homeowner Survey

Homeowner Survey

ASHRAE Standard 62.2

ASHRAE Standard 62.2

ASHRAE Standard 62.2

House Model Exterior Temperature Indoor Moisture and Heat

Thermostat Set Point Mechanical Ventilation

2A)

Field-measured leakage Field-measured leakage

Simulation Set 3 same as set 2, except for specific house models

■■ Attic temperature and humidity from a generic house model with probabilistic inputs ■■ Attic temperature and humidity from a generic house model with deterministic inputs

Generic House Model with Probabilistic Inputs

To compare the actual field-measured moisture contents to the simulated moisture contents, the parameters affecting the moisture movement in the field should be considered in the WUFI 1D model roof section. Several

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parameters like outside temperature, attic temperature, wind speed, radiation of the roof, air leakage paths and material properties affect the moisture movement.

The generic models have a concrete tile roof, a weathering membrane, OSB wood sheathing and 5.5 inches of open-cell spray polyurethane foam insulation. A small air layer separates the concrete tile and the weathering membrane.

The generic house models do not consider any roof leak, air leakage paths from the attics or varying insulation thickness. The sections are modelled to represent a generic climate zone 2A house having hot and humid Texas climate, with attic temperature simulated from ENERGY PLUS and generic rainfall patterns. However, two models are developed to account for the airflow occurring at the sheathing-to-insulation interface. Air flow can occur at the sheathing-to-insulation interface if the thickness of the insulation layer is less and the joists and rafters are not completely covered by the insulation. If the insulation layer is thick enough, no air can pass through the interface.

Two cases of air flow within the roof section were considered to determine the actual behavior of the roof section in the field.

Figure 7 – Simulated Moisture Content in Roof Sheathing

Figure 8 – Simulated Moisture Content in Roof Sheathing

■■ Air flow at the interface between the sheathing and spray foam insulation ■■ No air flow at the interface between the sheathing and spray foam insulation The PRAT simulations performed with a generic house model can predict the roof sheathing moisture content with some extent of accuracy. The peak moisture content of 20 percent occurring in House 4 is well predicted by this model. However, these models do not consider any variation of insulation thickness, air leaks from the attic to the outside or rain water intrusion. A better analysis is required to determine the effect of these parameters.

Specific House WUFI Model with Deterministic Inputs

To accurately model the moisture diffusion and permeance through the foam layer, it is important to induce an air change between the attic and the outside environment.

The field measured air changes from the attic-to-outside environment values cannot be used as is because most of the air leaks in the field occur near the ridge and the eaves and not through a generic roof section. Hence a parametric analysis is performed by varying the air change rate from the attic to the outside environment.

WUFI considers several input parameters like outside temperature, attic temperature, air leakage rates to simulate the moisture content in the roof sheathing. While modelling the roof section, the team did not have enough information such as wind speed and radiating properties of roof as well as hourly changes in internal pressure due

Figure 7 – 1000 PRAT Simulated Moisture Contents at roof sheathing considering air flow at the sheathing-to-insulation interface. Air flow at the interface allows less moisture to condense.

Figure 8 – 1000 PRAT Simulated Moisture Contents at roof sheathing considering no air flow at the sheathing-to-insulation interface. Lack of air flow allows more moisture to condense at the wood sheathing. to temperature and stack effects. Hence, an accurate replication of the field-measured moisture contents was not possible. To closely match the field-measured data, air leakage parameters highly influenced the simulations.

Hence several simulations were performed by varying the air leakage input at the roof section in the WUFI 1D model. The outdoor and indoor temperatures can either be defined by the user for a location or can be selected from the available climate data built into the WUFI database.

WUFI simulations performed using field-measured outdoor temperature and attic temperature along with an air leak into the outside environment matched well with the field-measured data.

This shows that in the sealed attics of House 2 and House 4, the air leakage in the attic allows outside air to leak into the attic space rather than have the attic air leak outside into the environment. It is understandable because both attics do not have a supply vent pumping air www.floridaroof.com | FLORIDA ROOFING

37

into the attic and typically the attic hatch is closed. So due to the wind blowing onto to the roof system, the leaks allow air to flow into the attic. During the winter, when cold air passes through the sheathing onto the foam, the resistance to air permeance inhibits air flow into the attic and thereby can cause condensation at the sheathing-to-insulation interface.

The condensation effects can be increased if the colder air from the outside reaches a thick insulation layer.

Thicker insulation layers combined with high attic humidity could cause more condensation at the wood sheathing as evidenced in House 4. However, further detailed analysis is required to solidify this statement.

Parametric WUFI Simulations with Varying Insulation R-Values

A parametric analysis was performed by keeping all input parameters to the WUFI model constant and by varying the R-value of the spray foam insulation layer. For this analysis, field-measured outdoor temperature and attic temperature are used as inputs to the WUFI model along with an air leakage rate of 1ACH from the outside to the attic. The results of this WUFI analysis is presented below.

The analysis shows that R-38 insulation has more resistance to vapor flow, inhibits cold air movement into the attic thereby allowing moisture to condense at the sheathing-to-insulation interface.

However, none of the levels of insulations produce dangerous moisture contents closer to 20 percent in a normal working condition.

The results of the sensitivity analysis show that the interior heat and moisture generation as well as the thermostat cooling set points have a positive influence over the roof sheathing moisture contents.

These values are indicative that for a generic house model, the occupancy conditions influence the moisture movement in the attic when compared to the building geometry. The duct leakage and thermostat heating set points have a greater negative influence over the roof sheathing moisture content. The duct leakage into the attic actively serves as a dehumidifier and removes the excess moisture from the attic thereby inhibiting the moisture movement from the attic into the wood roof deck.

Conclusions

A combined analytical and field study was conducted to collect field data, benchmark the data against analytical tools and document the effects of air convection and the diffusion of water vapor on the heat and moisture transfer occurring in sealed-semi conditioned attics. Field site selections were based on homes setup with unventilated, semi-conditioned attics, the type of roof system, placement of the HVAC and the occupation of the homeowner. Homeowners who are builders or who are closely related to construction were given 38

FLORIDA ROOFING | August 2017

preference because the home’s workmanship was better prescribed by ASHRAE 55. About 36 percent of the time managed by the homeowner, which would hopefully elim- the indoor temperature and relative humidity was outside inate the effects of poor roof and attic workmanship that the thermal comfort zone. The other three houses had lower levels of attic leakage and better maintained comcould cause water leakage and confound the study.

Analysis of field data showed that all four homes with fort conditions. sealed attics had measured moisture accumulations in the The PRAT toolkit was further formulated and benchroof sheathing that yielded less than 20 percent moisture marked against the year of measured field data. Initial content over the duration of the one-year field study. efforts using fixed rates of air leakage crossing the House 4 located in Gainesville had a spike in moisture con- boundary of the conditioned space and using the actutent during January 2017 that reached levels of about 20 al house geometry yielded poor agreement with the field percent for a two-week period. The reason for this spike measurements. Assessments showed that air leakage is unknown but presumed due to some occupancy habit was a predominant parameter in better predicting the because the house is occupied only during the winter months. However, the moisture content did drop to safer levels by the start of February 2017.

The moisture in the attic originates primarily from inside the house, due to occupant activities but can also emanate from air leakage crossing the outdoor to attic boundary.

During evening hours, the night-sky radiation cools the roof deck below the outdoor ambient temperature and unwanted moisture in the attic diffuses by the gradient in vapor pressure through the spray foam and enters the wood sheathing. Hence, the moisture content in the wood deck is higher at night. During daytime, the solar radiation drives the moisture from the wood sheathing back into the attic air, which causes a rise in attic relative humidity. The sheathing’s moisture content drops around solar noon and the attic humidity reaches peak values. The effect of the solar driven moisture diffusion was clearly documented during sunny days and the phenomenon was absent during rainy days or when thick cloud cover blocked the irradiance. The weather effect of Hurricane Matthew on House 1 caused less moisture from the Join America’s Best Gutter Protection Brand sheathing to be driven into the attic air as compared to days having solar irradiance bearing down on the roof.

The measured attic leakage rates for House 1 located in West Palm Beach were excessively high which essentially made the attic perform as a conventionally ventilated attic.

Therefore, attic ventilation removed any excessive moisture. However, www.becomeaghdealer.com. the air leakage caused the indoor climate to fall outside the comfort zone www.floridaroof.com | FLORIDA ROOFING

39

House 4 in Gainesville is unoccupied during the summer and the homeowner sets the thermostat to 80°F. High indoor temperature coupled with high outdoor temperatures causes near saturated levels of humidity in the attic air. However, the 7-in. of ocSPF (R-27) insulation drops the partial pressure gradient for attic air to the foam and impedes moisture from condensing on the sheathing.

From the combined analytical and field study, the following recommendations are made to the Florida Building Commission for sealed attics with open-cell spray polyurethane foam applied to the underside of the wood roof deck: ■■ The field data and analysis showed that section R806.4 of the Florida Building Code provides adequate protection against moisture affecting the durability of roof sheathing.

■■ Inclusion of a dehumidifier in the sealed attics would keep attic air moisture levels at a safer level; however, its use is not necessary.

■■ If the attic-to-outside air leakage is not well controlled in a sealed attic, then the energy conservation of the home is compromised.

Pe o th ple e ST in A the R Aft Co er ng -P a L ar in ty e at

527 Welcome Reception Attendees

Expo Cash Winner Joe Byrne Grand Prize Winner Cathy Logan

$1,000

$5,000

Foundation Raffle Winner George Ebersold 40

FLORIDA ROOFING | August 2017

265 Booths

$500

Sil ent Aucti on

UN D

SF ER

U SE INS vi de LF urn nds Ret R

ecipients 18 R

19 Educational Seminars 24 CE Unit Hours 4 ,8 2 0 Feet of Carp et Laid in E xp o Ha l l Affiliate Competition

72% Full

FRSA President Adam Purdy, CPRC Edwards Roofing Co.

2018 Expo Hall

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67

1,609 Welcome Reception Drinks Served

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2,843

Convention and Expo Registrations

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72

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226

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Convention and Expo by the Numbers

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temperature and humidity of the conditioned space and the attic space. The team opted to use a more generic model based on a more robust set of empirical data (RECS 2015) for a multiplicity of homes representing climate zone CZ-2A. As a result, the generic model successfully benchmarked the field data and was therefore used to predict the moisture content of the sheathing in the Probabilistic Risk Assessment Toolkit. The toolkit varied seven input parameters to predict the moisture content in the roof sheathing; leakage areas from 1) the attic to the outside, 2) indoor space to the outside and 3) indoor space to the attic as well as 4) the attic duct leakage, 5) interior heat generation, 6) interior moisture generation and 7) thermostat set points. A sensitivity analysis was performed to quantify the effect of each of the seven parameters on the peak moisture content in the roof sheathing.

The indoor heat and moisture generation rates along with the duct leakage into the attic play a major role in affecting the moisture flows in a sealed attic. The duct leakage brings in conditioned air into the attic and helps mitigate the high humidity in hot and humid climates.

Other parameters affecting the moisture movement involve occupant’s setting of the thermostat temperature.

1,800 $3,500 Collected

Food Items Donated

25 Square Challenge Winners - $1,000 Adam Purdy – Edwards Roofing Co Inc. Kenny Harp – Imperial Roofing of Polk County Inc. Michael Tancreti – Atlantic Roofing Services of FL Inc.

FRSA Convention Tournament Winners Each year, during FRSA’s Annual Convention, three sports tournaments are held on Thursday, which included fishing, golfing and clay shooting, and officially kick-off the convention events.

Fishing Tournament

This year, we had a record number of participants in the fishing tournament sponsored by Hydro-Stop/Walker Rep Group. The tournament took place in Cape Canaveral with 82 anglers on 15 boats. This year’s Fishing Tournament winners are: ■■ First Place – Brent Binns ■■ Second Place – Randall Pritchett ■■ Third Place – Mike Rines

Clay Shooting Tournament

The clay shooting tournament, held at Tenoroc Shooting Range in Lakeland, was sponsored by SEMCO and also hosted a record number of participants with 50 people.

This year’s Clay Shooting Tournament winners are: ■■ First Place – Shan Long ■■ Second Place – Chase Kennedy ■■ Third Place – Hagen Long

Golf Tournament

The golf tournament, held at Rosen Shingle Creek Golf Course, was sponsored by Furman Insurance and Bonds and Sunniland Corporation, and hosted 128 golfers.

Tournament winners: First Place Team Arry Housh Stephen Housh Mike Finster Second Place Team Nick Vaden Anthony Pegola Travis Bischoff Chris Huff Closest-to-the-Pin Alex Redfield Longest Drive Jay Butch Putting Contest Bart Cox

Join Our AMAZING RACE to Benefit FRSA’s Political Action Committee The natural terrain of the Westgate River Ranch provides the ideal locale for this wacky scavenger hunt.

Four-person teams pair up against each other in this action-packed activity.

Date: Friday, September 22 | Time: 3 pm (check-in begins at 2:30 pm) Price: $75/person (tournament only) $100/person (tournament + dinner) Sponsorship options are available!

All welcome to participate – ages 5 and older Contact Cheryl at 800-767-3772 ext. 177 or cheryl@floridaroof.com for more info

All proceeds benefit FRSA’s Political Action Committee www.floridaroof.com | FLORIDA ROOFING

41

MEMBER PROFILE

Bill Boyer, CPRC, Duro-Last Roofing Inc Florida-Caribbean Regional Sales Manager, 7 Years How did you get started in the roofing industry?

My Dad was a Sales Representative for Celotex when we moved to Florida in 1966, so you could say then. Actually, in the summer of 1973 when I was 15, my Dad had me sweeping the floors of the shop and warehouse of Giffen Roofing in Jacksonville. Once I got the shop cleaned, he brought me in the office and taught me how to estimate commercial roofing. I sold my first job at 15.

42

What is your dream job?

Working at Bass Pro Shops when I retire.

If you could spend time with three people (living or not), who would they be and why?

Jesus Christ – can you imagine talking directly with God in person?! My wife’s Dad – he would be 108 years old now.

I never had the opportunity to meet him and would love to talk baseball with him. Brooks Robinson – he was my idol growing up playing third base in Little League baseball.

What’s your favorite part of the job?

Meeting new people. Having moved so many times as I How long have you been involved with FRSA? was growing up, I learned to be able to meet people easily. Over 30 years.

I also enjoy sharing my roofing experiences with the next What do you personally find most rewarding about generation. being involved with FRSA? What’s the most unusual roofing project you’ve been part of? The many long-term relationships that have been estabI would say that on the top of my list was the roof repair lished over the years. Being on the Codes and Regulatory of the Bridge Tender house on the Main Street Bridge Compliance Committee has allowed me to learn so much in downtown Jacksonville. This bridge is an active draw about codes and apply them in my business. I also enjoy bridge crossing the St. Johns River. We had to perform the the Convention every year and seeing so many of those work at night from 10 pm to 5 am so they could shut down relationships. the traffic over the bridge. Working 40’ above the open grate roadway had its challenges, not only with the height What advice would you give to someone interested in above the river – your mind saw the water 150’ below – we joining the roofing industry? had to make sure that absolutely nothing dropped into the Run away as fast as you can. Not really – I tell people all river below. It was also in February, and the temperature the time, that the roofing industry has been good to me. was in the 40’s with the wind blowing 30 mph across the They should always strive to be the best you can and learn as much about the industry as you can. We can never learn river. too much. Share your experiences with the younger generWhat do you consider a waste of time? ations so they may succeed.

Having meetings to talk about having meetings.

What’s your favorite pastime activity?

What’s your favorite vacation?

Spending time and traveling with my family has always By far, it was an Alaskan cruise with my family. We went been a joy for me. Now that my two sons have grown, I on a seven-day cruise and then a three-day land tour of am looking forward to traveling a little with just my wife Alaska. Being able to see the majesty of Mt. McKinley with and me. my wife and two sons was awesome.

FLORIDA ROOFING | August 2017

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