101-L-10-H

v/;k; 10

fM¶jsaf”k;y rFkk fj;j ,Dly

STRUCTURE

10-0 mís”; 10-1 ifjp; 10-2 fM¶jsaf”k;y ds dk;Z 10-3 fM¶jsaf”k;y dh fLFkfr 10-4 fM¶jsaf”k;y dh lajpuk 10-4-1 fj;j Oghy Mªkbo dkj dk fM¶jsaf”k;y 10-4-2 ÝaV Oghy Mªkbo dkj dk fM¶jsaf”k;y 10-5 fM¶jsaf”k;y dh dk;Zfof/k 10-6 fj;j ,Dly 10-7 fj;j ,Dly ds izdkj 10-7-1 lseh ¶yksfVax fj;j ,Dly 10-7-2 Fkzh&DokVZj ¶yksfVax fj;j ,Dly 10-7-3 Qqy ¶ysfVax fj;j ,Dly 10-8 ,Dly dks gkmflax esa idM+us dh fof/k & lh fDyi vFkok izLs M fc;fjsx a 10-9 nÙk dk;Z 10-9-1 d{kk dk;Z 10-10 fØ;k dyki 10-11 lkjka”k 10-12 LoewY;kadu iz”uksas ds lEHkkfor mÙkj 10-13 vH;klkFkZ iz”u 10-14 lanHkZ ,oa foLr`r v/;;ukFkZ xzaFk lwph 10-15 “kCnkoyh

bdkbZ 5] v/;k; 10

CAF 101

10- fM¶jsaf”k;y rFkk fj;j ,Dly ikjaifjd ys&vkmV esa izksisyj “kk¶V ls ifg;ksa rd “kfDr 90 fMxzh ij igqaprh gSA ;g dk;Z fM¶jsfa ”k;y ds }kjk gksrk gSA ;g fiNys nksuksa ifg;ksa ds chp yxk gksrk gSA fM¶jsfa ”k;y ds nks vkSj eq[; dk;Z gksrs gaAS ;g ifg;ksa ds eqM+rs le; mudh xfr esa varj ykrk gS rFkk cSoy fx;j vuqikr 4%1 ls ?kVkdj cy vk?kw.kZ dks c<+krk gSA ikjaifjd ys&vkmV esa] fM¶jsfa ”k;y cSoy fx;j dk ,d lSV ,d gkmflax esas ,lsEcy gksrk gSA ÝaV Oghy Mªkbo dkj] tSls fd ek:fr 800 tgk¡ ifg;s rFkk fM¶jsfa ”k;y dk v{k ,d gh gksrk gS esa csoy dsoy fx;j dk bLrseky ugha djds gsfydy fx;j dk bLrseky gksrk gSA ikjaifjd ys&vkmV es]a fM¶jsfa ”k;y ls ifg;ksa rd Mªkbo fj;j gkQ “kk¶V] ftls fj;j ,Dly Hkh dgrs gSa] ds }kjk tkrh gSA ;s fofHkUu izdkj ds gksrs gSa rFkk bUgsa buds }kjk <+ks;s tkus okys Hkkj ¼ds vk/kkj ij oxhZd`r fd;k tkrk gS½ rFkk Oghy fo;fjax ds IyslesVa ge yksx fj;j ,Dly ds ckjs eas Hkh bl v/;k; esa i<+sxsA

10-0 mís”; bl v/;k; dks i<+us ds ckn vki bl ;ksX; gks tk;saxs fd% fM¶jsfa ”k;y dh vko”;drk dk o.kZu dj ldsa ÝaV Oghy Mªkbo rFkk ijaijkxr ys&vkmV esa bLrseky gksus okys fM¶jsfa ”k;y ds chp dk varj Li’V dj ldsaA fM¶jsfa ”k;y dh lajpuk rFkk dk;Ziz.kkyh dk o.kZu dj ldsaA fofHkUu izdkj ds fj;j ,Dly ds chp dk varj tku ldsA crk,a fd Hkkjh okguksa esa Qqy ¶yksfVax ,Dly dk bLrseky D;ksa gksrk gSA

10-1 ifjp; ikajifjd ys&vkmV esa] batu ls “kfDr xkM+h dh yackbZ ds lkFk pyrh gS blfy, bldh fn”kk dks 90 fMxzh ij cnyuk t:jh gSA ;g dk;Z fM¶jsfa ”k;y ds }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA ;g lk/kkj.kr% xkM+h dh dsUnzh; js[kk esa nksuksa ifg;ksa ds chp yxk gksrk gSA oLrqr% fM¶jsfa ”k;y dks fuEufyf[kr 3 dk;Z djus gksrs gSaA batu dh “kfDr dks pyk;eku ifg;ksa (driven Wheels) rd HkstukA xkM+h varr% essa fx;j vuqikr dks de djuk rFkk Vªkalfe”ku dh xfr dks ifg;ksa rd igq¡pus ls igys de djukA eksM+ ij eqM+rs le; vkarfjd ifg;s dh xfr de djds ckgj okys ifg;s dh xfr dks c<+kukA bl dk;Z dks djus ds dkj.k bldk uke fM¶jsaf”k;y j[kk x;kA fofHkUu izdkj ds fj;j ,Dly dk oxhZdj.k muds }kjk <ks;s tkus okys Hkkj rFkk Oghy fc;fjax dh IyslesVa ij fuHkZj djrk gSA bUgsa Øe”k% lseh ¶yksfVax] 3@4 ¶yksfVax rFkk Qqy ¶yksfVax dgk tkrk gSA fj;j ,Dly dks Mªkbfoax VkWdZ] eqM+rs le; lkbM FkzLV rFkk xkM+h dk otu lguk gksrk gSA Oghy fc;fjax dks ,Dly rFkk dsflax ;k dsflax rFkk Oghy gc ds chp yxk;k tk ldrk 121

bdkbZ 5] v/;k; 10

CAF 101

gSA ,Dly ckgj dh rjQ Vsij gks ldrk gS rFkk ifg;ksa dks bl Vsij ij yxk;k tkrk gS ;k ifg;ksa dks ,Dly ¶ySat ij Hkh dlk tk ldrk gSA bldk foLr`r o.kZu vkxs fn;k x;k gSA

10-2 fM¶jsaf”k;y ds dk;Z tc xkM+h lM+d ij lh/kh tk jgh gksrh gS] nksuksa ifg;ksa dh xfr leku gksrh gS ijarq eksM+ ij eqM+rs le; ifg;ksa dk flQZ xksy ?kweuk fuf”pr djus ds fy, ckgj okys ifg;s dh pky vanj okys ifg;s dh pky ls T;knk gksuh pkfg,A ;g dk;Z fM¶jsfa ”k;y ds }kjk gksrk gSA fM¶jsfa ”k;y ls ge fx;j vuqikr dks yxHkx 4%1 ls de djds fMªou Oghy~l ij cy vk?kw.kZ c<+k nsrs gSaA nwljs “kCnksa esa pyk;eku ifg;ksa dh pky] fx;j ckWDl vkmViqV “kk¶V ;k izksisyj “kk¶V dh pky dk dsoy ,d pkSFkkbZ gh gksrh gSA D;ksfa d Økmu Oghy ¼ÝaV Oghy Mªkbo dkj esa fM¶jsfa ”k;y ds ekeys esa Qkbuy fx;j½ dk lkbt Mªkbfoax fifu;u dh vis{kk pkj xq.kk c<+k gksrk gSA blfy,] fM¶jsfa ”k;y ds 3 eq[; dk;Z gSa& eksM+ ij ckgj okys ifg;s dh pky dks T;knk rFkk vanj okys ifg;s dh pky dks de djukA “kfDr dks 90 fMxzh ij nsuk ¼ikjaifjd ys&vkmV esa ½ pyk;eku ifg;ksa ij cy vk?kw.kZ dks c<+kukA LoewY;kadu iz”u 1.

2.

3.

fM¶jsfa ”k;y dks ;g uke dSls feyk\ ikjaifjd ys&vkmV esa fM¶jsfa ”k;y dks fdrus dk;Z djus gksrs gSa\ izksisyj “kk¶V rFkk jksM Oghy dh pky ds chp esa D;k vuqikr gksrk gS\

10-3 fM¶jsaf”k;y dh fLFkfr fM¶jsfa ”k;y dk bLrseky ges”kk batu }kjk pyk;s tkus okys ifg;ksa ds chp gksrk gSA blfy, ;g fj;j Oghy Mªkbo xkfM+;ksa es fiNys ifg;ksa ds chp rFkk ÝaV Oghy Mªkbo xkfM+;ksa esa vxys ifg;ksa Qksj&Oghy Mªkbo xkfM+;kas esa vxys rFkk fiNys ifg;ksa ds chp gksrk gSA blfy, Qksj&Oghy Mªkbo xkfM+;ksa esa 2 fM¶jsfa ”k;y dk bLrseky gksrk gSA ÝaV rFkk fj;j fM¶jsfa ”k;y esa batu dh “kfDr dk vuqØekuqikrh fgLlk VªkalQj fx;j ckWDl ¼ftls fp= esa dsUnzh; fM¶jsfa ”k;y dgk x;k gS½ ds }kjk gksrk gSA

122

bdkbZ 5] v/;k; 10

CAF 101

fp=

10.1:

fM¶jsfa ”k;y dh fLFkrh fj;j] QzaV rFkk vkWy Oghy Mkªbo dkj esa

10-4 fM¶jsaf”k;y dh lajpuk 10-4-1 fj;j Oghy Mªkbo dkj dk fM¶jsfa ”k;y fM¶jsfa ”k;y fx;j flLVe ,d gkmflax esa gksrk gSA blesa ,d Økmu Oghy] ,d dst] nks ;k vf/kd IykusV fx;j rFkk nks lu fx;j gksrs gSaA ,Dly ¼gkQ “kk¶V½ Liykbul ds }kjk lu fx;j ls tqM+s gksrs gSaA Økmu Oghy] Mªkbo fifu;u ls Mªkbo ysrk gS rFkk dst dks ?kqekrk gS tks blls dlk gksrk gSA dst esa nks IykusV fx;j gksrs gSa tks lu fx;j ds pkjksa rjQ ?kwers gSa rFkk mUgsa ,d gh pky ls ,d fn”kk esa ?kqekrs gSa tc dkj lh/ks pyrh gS rFkk buls gkQ “kk¶V vkSj ifg;s ?kwers gSaA fp= 10.2: csoy fx;j fp= 10-2 esa dqN cSoy fx;j fn[kk, x;s . gSaA ,sls cSoy fx;j dk bLrseky fM¶jsfa ”k;y ds lu fx;j rFkk IykusV fx;j ds fy, gksrk gSA ikjaifjd ys&vkmV esa Økmu Oghy rFkk Mªkbo fifu;u Hkh cSoy fx;j gksrs gSaA

10-4-2 ÝaV Oghy Mªkbo dkj dk fM¶jsfa ”k;y Sun Gear

Cage

fp=

10.3: fM¶jsfa ”k;y (a) lEiw.kZ

bdkbZ. (b) Qkbuy fx;j.

123

bdkbZ 5] v/;k; 10

CAF 101

ÝaV Oghy Mªkbo dkj] tSls ek:fr 800] dh fM¶jsfa ”k;y bdkbZ dk Qkbuy fx;j] ftlls “kfDr fM¶jsfa ”k;y rd vkrh gS] rFkk ifg;s] ,d gh v{k ij gksrs gSaA blfy, “kfDr dks 90 fMxzh ij eksM+uk ugha iM+rk gSA ;gk¡ Qkbuy fx;j gsfydy fx;j gksrk gSA bl fM¶jsfa ”k;y eas cSoy fx;j dk bLrseky ugha gksrk gSA ;gk¡ Vªkalfe”ku la;qDr bdkbZ gksrk gS ftlesa fx;j ckWDl rFkk fM¶jsfa ”k;y ,d gh gkmflax esa gksrs gaSA LoewY;kadu iz”u 4.

5.

fM¶jsfa ”k;y dks dgk¡ yxk;k tkrk gS\ Qksj&Oghy Mªkbo dkjksa esa fdrus fM¶jsfa ”k;y gksrs gSa\

10-5 fM¶jsaf”k;y dh dk;Zfof/k tc dkj lh/ks lM+d ij pyrh gS rc nksuksa ifg;s ,d gh fn”kk esa ,d gh pky ls pyrs gSaA Mªkbo fifu;u] Økmu Oghy dks ?kqekrk gS ftlls dst tqM+k gksrk gS rFkk dksbZ Hkh IykusV fx;j dst ds vanj vius v{k ugha ?kqerk gSA blfy, nksuksa lu fx;j dst esa fLFkj jgrs gSaA lu fx;j esa baVjuy Liykbu~l gksrs gSa rFkk og gkQ “kk¶V ls tqM+k jgrk gSA “kk¶V ds nksuksa fljksa ij ifg;s yxs gksrs gSaA

fp= 10.4: fM¶jsfa ”k;y dh dk;Zfof/k.

tc dkj ck;ha rjQ eqM+rh gS] dkj dk dqN otu ck;sa ifg;s ij lM+d ds >qdko ds dkj.k pyk tkrk gS rFkk nwljh rjQ nk;sa ifg;s ij Hkkj esa deh vk tkrh gSA bl dkj.k nksuksa IykusV fx;j vius v{k ij Hkh ?kwers gSa] lkFk&lkFk lu fx;j ds pkjksa rjQ Hkh ?kqers gSa rFkk ck;sa rjQ ds ifg;s dh pky dks nk;sa rjQ ns nsrs gaSA blfy, vanj okyks ifg;kas dst dh vis{kk de xfr ij rFkk ckgj okyk ifg;k rst xfr ls ?kwers gSaA LoewY;kadu iz”u 6. IykusV fifu;u vius v{k ij ?kqers gSa tc dkj eqM+rh@lh/kh pyrh gSA 7. lu fx;j rFkk IykusV fx;j ------------------- fx;j gksrs gSaA 8. ------------------ ifg;k de pky ij ?kwerk gSA

124

bdkbZ 5] v/;k; 10

CAF 101

10-6 fj;j ,Dly fj;j ,Dly ^ykbZo* vFkok ^MSM* gksrs gSaA ykbo ,Dly esa “kfDr nh tkrh rFkk ^MSM* ,Dly flQZ dkj dks liksVZ djrk gSA fM¶jsfa ”k;y ls ifg;ksa rd “kfDr fj;j ,Dly ds }kjk igq¡prh gSA fj;y ,Dly nks VqdM+ksa esa cuk gksrk gS ftUgsa gkQ “kk¶V dgrs gSa ifg;ksa dks Mªkbo nsrs gSA fj;j ,Dly] gkmflax ;k ,Dly dsflax esa j[kk tkrk gS tSlk fd fp= 10-5 esa fn[kk;k x;k gSA

fp=

10.5:

fj;j ,Dly dh fLFkrh

LoewY;kadu iz”u 9.

10.

fj;j ,Dly ds eq[; nks izdkj dkSu ls gSa\ fj;j ,Dly nks ihl esa D;kas gksrk gS\

10-7 fj;j ,Dly ds izdkj fj;j ,Dly dks lseh ¶yksfVax] Fkzh&DokVZj ¶yksfVax ;k Qqy ¶yksfVax oxks± esa muds }kjk <+ks;s tkus okys Hkkj rFkk ¼,Dly dsflax vkSj Oghy gc ds laca/k es½a Oghy fo;fjax dh fLFkfr ds vk/kkj ij ck¡Vk tkrk gSA lseh ¶yksfVax ,Dly dk bLrseky gYds okgu tSls dkj rFkk Qqy ¶yksfVax ,Dly dk bLrseky Hkkjh okgu tSls Vªdksa esa gksrk gSA ;g lHkh ^ykbZo ,Dly ds izdkj gSaA 10-7-1 lseh ¶yksfVax fj;j ,Dly lseh ¶yksfVax ,Dly dk bLrseky fj;j Oghy Mªkbo okyh gYdh xkfM+;kaas esa gksrk gSA fMQzsfU”k;y ,d ,Dly “kk¶V ¼gkQ “kk¶V½ gksrk gS tks vanj dh rjQ LiykabM gksrk gSA ;s fljk fM¶jsfa ”k;y ds lu fx;j esa yxrk gS rFkk ?kw.kZu xfr djrk gSA ,Dly “kk¶V] ,Dly gkmflax ds ckgjh fljs ij ,d cM+s jksyj ;k ckWy fc;fjax esa yxk gksrk gSA ,Dly rFkk dsflax ds chp esas fc;fjax yxk gksrk gSA ,Dly ckgj dh rjQ Vsij ¼ladjk½ gksrk gS] ftl ij Oghy gc yxrk gS rFkk ,Dly ds lkis{k esa bldh xfr ,d pkHkh ds }kjk jksdk tkrk gSA ,Dly ds var esa Oghy uV yxk gksrk gSA

125

bdkbZ 5] v/;k; 10

CAF 101

fp= 10-6 lseh Q~yksfVUx fj;j ,Dly

thi ds ckn ds ,d ekWMy ds lseh ¶yksfVax fj;j ,Dly esa “kk¶V rFkk ¶ySat ftl ij LVhy LVM gksrs gSa ,d gh ihl esa gksrs gaAS

fp=

10.7: Q~ySat

ds lkFk lseh Q~yksfVUx fj;j ,Dly.

lseh ¶yksfVax fj;j ,Dly] xkM+h ds otu dk dqN fgLlk ogu djrs gSa pafw d dsflax ds }kjk <ks;s tkuk okyk otu ,Dly ij Hkh vkrk gS rFkk bls eksM+ ij vkus okys lkbM FkzLV dks Hkh lguk gksrk pafw d Oghy gc ,Dly ds fljs ij cus Vsij ij gksrk gSA Mªkbfoax VkWdZ VªkalQj djrk gh gS tks fd bldk eq[; dk;Z gSA blfy, bls fdlh vU; ,Dly }kjk <ks;s tkus okys otu ls T;knk otu ysuk iM+rk gS vr% bldk bLrseky flQZ gYds okguksa esa gksrk gSA 10-7-2 Fkzh&DokVZj ¶yksfVax fj;j ,Dly Fkzh&DokVZj ¶yksfVax fj;j ,Dly esa ckWy fc;fjax ,Dly dsflax rFkk Oghy gc ds chp yxk gksrk gSA lseh ¶yksfVax fj;j ,Dly dh rjg blesa Hkh fj;j ,Dly dk ckgjh fljk Vsij gksrk gSA Oghy gc bl Vsij ij yxk gksrk gS rFkk bldk ,Dly ds lkis{k xfr dks ,d pkHkh ds }kjk jksdk tkrk gSA ,Dly ds fljs ij Oghy dlk tkrk gSA ;g ,Dly eksM+ ij lkbM FkzLV Hkh ysrk gS D;ksfa d Oghy gc Vsij ij yxk gksrk gS rFkk Mªkbfoax VkWdZ dks VªkalfeV djrk gSA bls xkM+h ds otu dks <ksuk ugha gksrk gS rFkk ;g flQZ lkbM FkzLV vkSj Mªkbfoax VkWdZ ds dkj.k vkus okys Hkkj dks ysrk gSA ,Dly dk buj ,aM ¼vkarfjd fljk½ LiykbUM gksrk gS rFkk fM¶jsfa ”k;y ds lu fx;j esa Mªkbfoax VkWdZ dks VªkalfeV djus ds fy, yxk gksrk gSA

126

bdkbZ 5] v/;k; 10

CAF 101

fp=

10.8: Fkzh&DokVZj

¶yksfVax fj;j ,Dly

10-7-3 Qqy ¶yksfVax ,Dly Qqy ¶ysfVax ,Dly dk bLrseky mu xkfM+;ksa esa gksrk gS tks gsoh M;wVh ds fy, fMtkbu dh xbZ gkas ;k tks Hkkjh otu <ksrs gSaA ;g ,Dly u rks dksuksa ij lkbM FkzLV ogu djrk gS vkSj u gh xkM+h dk otu ysrk gSA ;g flQZ Mªkbfoax VkWdZ dks VªkalQZj djrk gSA Qqy ¶yksfVax ,Dly esa ,d ,Dly “kk¶V nksuksa rjQ gksrk gS tks nksuksa fljksa ij LiykbaM gksrk gS ;k buj ,UM ij LiykbaM rFkk mlds vkmVj ,UM ij Mªkbo ¶ySat gksrk gSA “kk¶V fM¶jsfa ”k;y esa lseh ¶yksfVax ,Dly dh Hkkafr yxk gksrk gSA “kk¶V dk LiykbaM ,UM ,d ykWfdax gc esa ;k ,d baVjuyh LiykbaM LVhy Mªkbo IysV esa Q¡lrk gS tks gc dSi ls cksYV gSA dHkh&dHkh Mªkbo ¶ySat “kk¶V dk gh fgLlk gks ldrh gSA ,Dly “kk¶V iwjs flLVe esa ¶yksV dj ldrk gSA Qqy ¶yksfVax flLVe esa “kk¶V flQZ Mªkbfoax VkdZ dks fMQjsfa l;y ls ifg;ksa rd Hkstrk gSA ;g lseh ¶yksfVax ,Dly dh rjg xkM+h dks otu dks ugha <ksrkA bldk eryc gS fd Qqy ¶yksfVax ,Dly ds bLrseky ls ,Dly dh Hkkj <ksus ¼VkWdZ VªkafLeV djus½ dh {kerk dkQh c<+ tkrk gSA Qqy ¶yksfVax ,Dly ds bLrseky djus dk vU; Qk;nk ;g gS fd bleas VwVs ,Dly “kk¶V dks vklkuh ls fudky ldrs gSa rFkk xkM+h vius ifg;ksa ij [kM+k jg ldrh gS rFkk ifg;k ?kwe ldrk gSA ,slk blfy, fd;k tk ldrk gS D;kafs d ifg;k gc ls cksYV }kjk dlk gksrk gS tks og ,Dly gkmflax ds LihaMy ij p<+k gksrk gSA Qqy ¶yksfVax izdkj ds fj;j ,Dly esa fc;fjax a dks ,Dly dsflax rFkk Oghy gc ds chp j[krs gSaA lseh ¶yksfVax rFkk Fkzh&DokVZj ¶yksfVax izdkj ds fj;j ,Dly ds foijhr ;gk¡ ge Vsij ,Dly dk bLrseky ugha djrs gaS cfYd blds fljs ij ¶ySat yxk gksrk gS ftlls ge bls Oghy gc ls cksYV dj nsrs gSaA fc;fjax dh vf{k; xfr dks ge ykWd uV }kjk jksdrs gSaA Qqy ¶yksfVax ,Dly dks ge ckgj ls gh blds Mªkbo ¶ySat ;k ykWfdax gc] tks ifg;s ds dsUnz esa fn[krk gS] ds }kjk vklkuh ls igpku ldrs gSaA

127

bdkbZ 5] v/;k; 10

CAF 101

fp=

10.9: (a) Qqy

Q~yksfVUx ,Dly-

(b)

ykWfdax gc-

;gk¡ vki Qqy ¶yksfVax ,Dly ds “kk¶V rFkk ,UM IysV] ftlesa Mªkbo ¶ySat vyx ls yxk;k x;k gS] dks ns[k ldrs gSaA

fp=

10.10: Mkªbo

Q~ySat ds lkFk Qqy Q~yksfVUx ,Dly.

LoewY;kadu iz”u 11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

fj;j ,Dly fdl vk/kkj ij oxhZd`r fd;k tkrk gS\ gYdh xkfM+;ksa esa dkSu lk ,Dly bLrseky gS\ lseh ¶yksfVax ,Dly esa fc;fjax dgk¡ yxk gksrk gS\ lseh ¶yksfVax ,Dly ij dkSu&dkSu lk Hkkj vkrk gS\ Hkkjh okguksa esa dkSu lk ,Dly bLrseky gksrk gS\ Qqy ¶yksfVax ,Dly ds Oghy gc dks ,Dly esa yxkus dh nks fof/k;k¡ crk;sAa vki ckgj ls ns[kdj Qqy ¶yksfVax ,Dly dks dSls igpkusx a s\ dkSu lk Hkkj lHkh ,Dlyksa dks ysuk gksrk gS\ ,Dly] fMQ~jsf”k;y ls dSls tqM+k gksrk gS\

10-8 ,Dly dks gkmflax esa idM+us dh fof/k& lh fDyi (C-clip) vFkok izLs M fc;fjsx a lseh ¶yksfVax ,Dly dks gkmflax esa idM+us ds nks rjhds gSaA ,d esa fMQjsfa l;y ds vUnj lh fDyi dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gs rFkk nwljs esa “kk¶V ds ifg;s okys fljs ij izsLM fc;fjax dk bLrseky djds bls idM+k tk ldrk gSA lh&fDyi “kSyh ds ,Dly esa ,Dly “kk¶V jksyj fc;fjax esa ?kwerk gS rFkk fMQjsfa ”k;y vlsEk~fCYk lh&fDyi ds }kjk gkmflax esa jgrk gSA fDyi] ,Dly “kk¶V 128

bdkbZ 5] v/;k; 10

CAF 101

ds fljs ds djhc dVs [kk¡psa esa fQV fd;k tkrk gSA bls fudkyus ds fy, fMQ~jsf”k;y bal isDlu doj dks gVkuk gksrk gS rFkk ,Dly esa bLrseky fd;s x;s ykWd ds izdkj ds vk/kkj ij dSfj;j dks Hkh [kksyuk iM+ ldrk gSA fDyi dks fudkyus ysus ds ckn ,Dly dks gkmflax LykbM djk;k tk ldrk gSA dbZ fMQjsfa ”k;y esa lh&fDyi dk bLrseky ,Dly “kk¶V dks gkmflax esa idM+s jgus ds fy, gksrk gSA ,Dly “kk¶V dks fudkyus ds fy, gkmflax doj] fMQjsf”k;y ØkWl fiu rFkk lh&fDyi dks fudkyuk t:jh gksrk gSA ¼fp= 10-12½

fp=

10.11: C-fDyi-

lh&fDyi tks fj;j ,Dly “kk¶V dks jksdrk gS og “kk¶V ds fljs ij cuk;s x, [kk¡ps esa Q¡lk jgrk gSA ¼fp= 10-13½

fp=

10.12: C-fDyi

ds fy;s [kk¡pk

ftl ,Dly esa izsLM fc;fjax dk bLrseky gksrk gS mlesa ,Dly viuh txg ij izsLM Cghy ckWy fc;fjax rFkk laHkor% ,d izsLM dkWyj ;k fjVsfuax fDyi tks fc;fjax ds cxy eas yxk;k tkrk gS] ds }kjk viuh txg ij jgrk gSA fc;fjax ,lcsyh lk/kkj.kr% ¶ySat di esa fQV gksrk tks vkmVj ,Dly gkmflax ds esfVax ¶ySt ls cksYV }kjk yxk gksrk gSA bl izdkj ds ,Dly esa ckWy fc;fjax dk bLrseky fd;k tkrk gS D;ksfa d fc;fjax dks v{kh; rFkk f=T;h; nksuksa Hkkj ysus gksrs gSAa ¼,Dly “kk¶V ds yEckdkj rFkk lekukarj½ nksuksa izdkj ds ,Dly dks fudkyus esa vyx&vyx fnDdrsa vkrh gSA lh&fDyi izdkj ds ,Dly esa nksuksa fMQzsfU”k;y [kksyuk iM+rk gS tcfd izsLM fc;fjax dk bLrseky djus ij czsd ykbu dk dke rFkk czsd CyhfMax djus dh t:jr iM+rh gSA nwljk varj gS fd ;fn lh&fDyi ,lsacyh okyk ,Dly “kk¶V VwV tk;s rks ,Dly “kk¶V dks idM+us ds fy, gkmflax esa dqN ugha cprk blfy, Vk;j rFkk Oghy ,lsacyh xkM+h ls vyx gks tkrs gSaA izsLM fc;fjax izdkj ds ,Dly esa ifg;s rFkk Vk;j lk/kkj.kr% fVds jgrs gSa] D;ksfa d fc;fjax a ,Dly “kk¶V ij izsLM gksrk gS tks ,lsacyh dks idM+s jgrk gSA LoewY;kadu iz”u 20.

lseh ¶yksfVax ,Dly] gkmflax esa dSls yxk;s tkrs gSa\

129

bdkbZ 5] v/;k; 10

CAF 101

10-9 nÙk dk;Z 10-9-1 d{kk dk;Z 1.

2.

ÝaV Oghy Mªkbo dkj o ikjaifjd ys&vkmV ds fM¶jsfa ”k;y dh rqyuk djksA ppkZ djsa fd ;fn Hkkjh okgu dk ,Dly VwV tkrk gS rks og ml rjQ ugha fxjrk ft/kj dk ,Dly VwVk gS tc fd gYds okgu fxj tkrs gSaA

10-10 fØ;k dyki 1.

2.

dkj ds Mªkbo Oghy dks mBk;sAa blds ,d ifg;s dks ?kM+h dh lqbZ dh fn”kk esa ?kqek,aA nwljs ifg;s esa D;k gksrk gS\ D;k vki le>k ldrs gSa\ odZ”kkWi esa tk,a rFkk fofHkUu izdkj ds ,Dly dks ns[ksAa ifg, dks ,Dly ls yxkus dh fofHkUu fof/k;k¡ ns[ksAa ;g Hkh ns[ksa fd Oghy gc dSls yxk;k tkrk gSA

10-11 lkjka”k dkj ds eksM+ eqM+rs le; ifg;ksa dks vyx&vyx xfr ij ?kqekus dh t:jr gksrh gSA ,slk blfy, gksrk gS D;ksfa d vanj okys ifg;ksa dks de nwjh rFkk cgkj okys ifg;ksa dks T;knk nwjh r; djuh gksrh gSA blfy, pyk;eku ifg;ksa ds chp fM¶jsfa ”k;y yxk;k tkrk gSA ;g nksuksa ifg;ksa dh xfr dks eksM+ eqM+rs le; fHkUu djrk gSA ;g Qkbuy fx;j fjMD”ku ds }kjk cy vk?kw.kZ dks Hkh c<+krk gSA ikjaifjd ys&vkmV esa ;g “kfDr dks 90 fMxzh ij nsrk gSA fj;j ykbo ,Dly ¼gkQ “kk¶V½] “kfDr dks fMQjsfa ”k;y ls ifg;ksa rd Hkstrs gSaA ;s 3 izdkj ds gksrs gSaA lseh ¶yksfVax] Fkzh&DokVZj ¶yksfVax rFkk Qqy ¶yksfVaxA ;g oxhZdj.k buds }kjk fy;s tkus okys Hkkj rFkk fc;fjax dh fLFkfr ds vk/kkj ij fd;k x;k gSA lseh ¶yksfVax ,Dly dk bLrseky flQZ gYds okguksa esa gksrk gS D;ksfa d bUgsa gj laHko Hkkj ¼xkM+h dk Hkkj] lkbM FkzLV Mªkbfoax VkWdZ½ dks <+ksuk iM+rk gS tcfd Qqy ¶yksfVax ,Dly dk bLrseky Hkkjh okguksa esa gksrk gS D;ksfa d bUgas flQZ Mªkbfoax VkWdZ ysuk gksrk gSA Qqy ¶yksfVax ,Dly dk ,d Qk;nk ;g gS fd ,Dly ds VwV tkus ij xkM+h uhps ml rjQ ugha fxj tkrh gSA blfy, xkM+h ds ,Dly dks cnyrs le; tSd yxkus dh t:jr ugha gksrh gSA

10-12 LoewY;kadu iz”ukssa ds lEHkkfor mÙkj 123456789101112-

130

;g eksM+ ij vanj rFkk ckgj okys ifg;s dh xfr esa varj ¼fMQjsUl½ ykrk gSA rhu 4%1 yxHkx bls “kfDr lapkfyr ifg;ksa ds chp yxk;k tkrk gSA rhu eqM+rh csoy vanj okyk ykbZo rFkk MSM rkfd nksuksa ifg;s eksM+ eqM+rs le; vyx&vyx xfr ls ?kwe ldsaA fj;j ,Dly dks buds }kjk <ks;s tkus okys Hkkj rFkk fc;fjax dh fLFkfr ij oxhZdj.k djrs gSaA lseh ¶yksfVax ,DlyA

bdkbZ 5] v/;k; 10

CAF 101

1314151617181920-

,Dly rFkk dsflax ds chp esa xkM+h dk otu] lkbM FkzLV rFkk Mªkbfoax VkdZ Qqy ¶yksfVax ,Dly ykWfdax gc ;k Mªkbo ¶ySat Mªkbo ¶ySat ;k ykWfdax gc ds }kjk tks ifg;s ds dsUnz esa fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa A Mªkbfoax VkWdZ Liykbu~l ds }kjk lh&fDyi ;k izsLM fc;fjax ds }kjk

10-13 vH;klkFkZ iz”u 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

ikjaifjd ys&vkmV rFkk ÝaV Oghy Mªkbo xkfM+;kas ds fM¶jasaf”k;y ds dk;Z dks crk,sAa fofHkUu ys&vkmV esa fM¶jsfa ”k;y dh vyx&vyx fLFkfr dh ppkZ djsAa ikjaifjd ys&vkmV rFkk ÝaV Oghy Mªkbo xkfM+;ksa ds fM¶jsfa ”k;y ds varj dks crk,aA fM¶jsfa ”k;y ds dk;Z iz.kkyh dh O;k[;k djsAa fj;j ,Dly ds fofHkUu izdkj dkSu ls gSaA fp= ds lkFk o.kZu djsAa Qqy ¶yksfVax fj;j ,Dly ds Qk;ns crk,a rFkk bldk bLrseky dgk¡ gksrk gS o D;kas\ ;g crk;sAa lseh ¶yksfVax ,Dly dks bldh gkmflax esa idM+us dh fofHkUu fof/k;ksa dks crk,aA izR;sd fof/k ds ykHk rFkk gkfu;ksa dks crk,aA

10-14 lanHkZ ,oa foLr`r v/;;ukFkZ xzaFk lwph , , cqd vkWQ nh dkj] Mªkbo ifCyds”ku fyfeVsM] yanuA ek:fr&800 lfoZl eSuq;y http//www.howstuffworks.com http//www.off-roadweb.com

10-15 “kCnkoyh vkWy Oghy Mªkbo ,Dly cSoy fx;j dst Ikkjaifjd ys&vkmV Økmu Oghy Qkbuy fx;j fx;j fjMD”ku gsfydy fx;j pkch

xkM+h ftlesa lHkh vxys o fiNys ifg;kas ij “kfDr feyrh gSA “kk¶V ¼;gk¡ ykbo ,Dly tks ?kqerk gSA½ fx;j ds tksM+s ftudk v{k ,d nwlj dks dkVrk gSA lu rFkk IykusV fx;j dk dSfj;j ÝaV batu rFkk fj;j Oghy Mªkbo xkM+h ikjaifjd ys & vkmV esa ,d cM+k cSoy fx;j tks Mªkbo fifu;u ls tqM+k gksrk gSA ,d cM+k gsfydy fx;j tks ÝaV Oghy Mªkbo dkj esa Mªkbo fifu;u ls tqM+k gksrk gSA pky dks de djuk fx;j ftlds nk¡rs ,d dks.k ij gksrs gSaA LVhy dk vk;rkdkj VqdM+k tks nks vo;oksa ds [kk¡pksa esa fQV gksrk gS 131

bdkbZ 5] v/;k; 10

CAF 101

vkSj izR;sd chp dh lkis{k xfr dks jksdrk gSA IykusV fx;j@ fx;j tks lu fx;j ds v{k ds pkjksa rjQ ?kwerk gS rFkk vius v{k ij IykWusV fifu;u Hkh ?kwerk gSA ikWoMZ Oghy@Mªkbo Oghy@fMªosu Oghy

132

ifg;s ¼vxys ;k fiNys½ tks ikoj Vªsu tqM+s gksrs gSaA