101-L-8-h

8- fufVax rFkk csfld fuV (KNITTING AND BASIC KNITS) oL= cukus dh Ákphu fof/k rkus ,oa ckus dh fn'kkvksa esa /kkxksa ds 2 lsVksa ds varxzaFkZu }kjk gS ftls diM+k cquuk dgk tkrk gSA ;g igys ikB dk fo"k; FkkA ;g ikB fufVax ÁfØ;k ls lacaf/kr gS ftlesa cM+h yEckbZ es cus diM+ksa ds vfrfjDr ge iguus ds fy, rS;kj cquh gqbZ oLrq,sa tSls LosVj] gkStjh vkfn ds ckjs esa i<+saxsA blesa Qanksa dks ijLij my>k;k tkrk gSA bl bdkbZ dk rhljk ikB] vFkkZr ikB&9] ukWu oksou rFkk czsM~l (Braids) ds mRiknu ls lacaf/kr gSA

8-0

mís'; (Objectives) bl v/;k; dk v/;;u djus ds Ik'pkr~ vki& • • • •

8-1

/kkxksa dh bUVjywfiax }kjk fufVax izfØ;k dh tkudkjh izkIr djsaxsA cqukbZ ds fHkUu fHkUu izdkj ds <kapksa dh igpku djus dh ;ksX;rk izkIr djsaxsA fHkUu fHkUu izdkj dh cqukbZ dh e'khuksa dh tkudkjh izkIr djsaxsA fHkUu fHkUUk Vkadksa ls ifjfpr gksaxs] tks fHkUu fHkUUk izdkj ds fufVax diM+s ds <kaps cukus esa lgk;d gksxkA

ÁLrkouk (Introduction) ^fufVax^]

/kkxs ds Qanksa dks my>kdj diM+k cukus dh ,d rduhd gSA ftlesa lqb;ksa dh lgk;rk yh tkrh gSA fufVax rduhd dk igyk mnkgj.k iUnzgoha 'krkCnh esa if'pe ;ks:Ik dk gSA ;|fi bldk izek.k feyrk gS fd cquh gqbZ igyh oLrq gkFk ls cquh xbZ Fkh vkSj og Hkh eksts] tks feJ esa ,d edcjs esa ik;s x;s FksA fufVax dk izFke O;kikfjd la?k 1527 esa isfjl esa 'kq: gqvk rFkk igyh fufVax e'khu 1589 esa cukbZ xbZ FkhA ftlds fuekZrk Rev William Lee uked vaxzst Fks ftlesa 8 Qanksa esa 1** pkS0 diM+k cquk tk ldrk FkkA ekuo fufeZr js“kk m|ksx ds rst fodkl dk e'khu ij vk/kkfjr fufVax m|ksx ds fodkl ij ?kukRed (+ ve) izHkko iM+kA fujarj cgqfQykeSaV /kkxksa }kjk fufVax ds fo'ks’k y{k.k lwrh /kkxksa ;k Åuh /kkxksa ls Js"B gksrs gSa bldk dkj.k mudh ØkWl&lsD”kuy (cross-sectional) vkd`fr rFkk vkdkj es ,d lekurk] fyaV u cuuk] rFkk etcwrh gSaA bUgha y{k.kksa@fo'ks"krkvksa ds dkj.k mPp xfr okyh fufVax e'khu fcuk fdlh ck/kk ds dk;Z djrh gaSA VsDLpMZ eYVh fQykeSaV /kkxksa] ftuesa f[kapus rFkk eksVk gksus ds xq.k gksa] ls cf<+;k fdLe ds diM+s cuk ldrs gSaA ekuo fufeZr NksVs js'kksa okys /kkxksa ls tSls ,Øsfyd rFkk nwljs fefJr /kkxksa ls fufVax djuk cgqr ljy gSA ¼;g tkuuk :fpiw.kZ gS fd e/;dkyhu ;qx esa eksts cquus okyh lkexzh ls rc rd cukbZ tkrh jgh rc rd fufVax e'khuksa }kjk laHko ferO;;rkiw.kZ diM+k tks budh :ijs[kk ds fy, lqfo/kktud u gks x;kA fQj Hkh cgqr ls lkbZfct cukus iM+rs Fks½A fØEi ukbyksu ds /kkxs ds vkus ls fLFkfr cny xbZ ftlesa dsoy nks lkbZt gh cukus iM+rs gSaA ,d cM+ksa ds fy, rFkk ,d cPpksa ds fy,A Hkkjrh; fufVax m|ksx }kjk d`f=e /kkxksa dk iz;ksx 1970 ls vkjEHk fd;k] ijUrq cgqr 'kh?kzrk ls mUufr Hkh dh x;hA 1

fufVax m|ksx dk J`a[kfyr {ks= fuEufyf[kr 2 Jsf.k;ksa ls lacaf/kr fd;k tk ldrk gSA igyh og oLrq,sa gSa] tks iguus ds fy, rS;kj gksrh gSa] tSls LosVj gkstjh] vaMjxkjesaV~l vkfn rFkk nwljh Js.kh esa fuVsM diM+ksa dk mRiknu] tks fuVsM oLrq,a flykbZ cukus ds fy, iz;ksx esa yk;k tk ldrk gSA fufVax dh nks fof/k;ka gSa] vFkkZr ckus dh fufVax rFkk rkus dh fuVsM gkFk ds }kjk fufVax izfØ;k ckus dh cqukbZ dk mnkgj.k gS ftles ifjorZu e'khu ij vf/kd 'kh?kzrk ls fd;k tk ldrk gSA bl izfØ;k esa dk;Z dh izxfr igys vkSj vkus okys nksuksa pØksa es pkS0 ;k ckus esa gksrh gSA izR;sd pØ esa QUnksa dh ,d ubZ ykbu curh gSA ftls ^dkslZ* dgk tkrk gSA QUnksa dh la[;k cquus okys diM+s dh pkSM+kbZ ds vuqlkj fuf'pr dh tkrh gSA ykbu dk izR;sd QUnk vkus okyh ykbu ds QUnksa ls my>k;k tkrk gSA [kM+s dkWye okys QUnksa dks] osy (Wale) dgk tkrk gSA fp= 8-1 ck;sa iM+h ykbusa dkslZ curh gSA ftuesa ls ,d dksl Z dks mHkjkdj fn[kk;k x;k gSA nk;sa okys fp= esa osy dks dkye ds :Ik esa fn[kk;k x;k gS ftlesa ,d osy dks mHkjkdj fn[kk;k x;k gSA

fp= 88-1 dkslZ ¼ck¡;k½ rFkk osYl ¼nk¡;k½

8-2 rkus dh fufVax

(Weft Knitting)

os¶V fufVax fof/k }kjk oL= lh/ks ;k V~;wc (Tube) ds :Ik esa cuk, tk ldrs gSaA ;g oL= cgqr vf/kd yphys xq.k okys gksrs gSaA buesa fNæ Hkh cgqr gksrs gSa vr% vo'kks"kdrk vf/kd gksrh gS ftlds dkj.k ;g cgqr vkjkenk;d fl) gksrs gSaA bl oxZ ds oL=ksa dk mi;ksx ckgj o vUnj iguus okys ifj/kkuksa esa cgqr gksrk gSA os¶V cqukbZ pkj Ádkj dh e'khuksa ij gks ldrh gSA i) ldqZyj fufVax e'khu (Circular knitting machine) ii) ¶+ySV csM fufVax e'khu (Flat bed knitting machine ) iii) iw.kZr% QS'kUM fufVax e'khu (Fully fashioned knitting machine) iv) gksft+jh fufVax e'khu (Hosiery knitting machine)

bu lHkh e'khuksa esa lqbZ;k¡ gksrh gS ftu ij ySp (latch) rFkk gqd gksrk gSA ,slh ÁR;sd lqbZ ,d Qank cukrh gSA uhps fp= 6-2 Qank cuus dh iw.kZ ÁfØ;k fn[kkbZ xbZ gSA

2

fp= 88-2 lqbZ }kjk ywi cukus dh çfØ;k

a) b) c) d) e) f)

8-3

lqbZ vkxs dh gqbZ gS o mldk [kqyk gqvk ySp ihNs gSA Qank uhps fn[kkbZ ns jgk gSA gqd us u, Qans dk /kkxk vius esa ys fy;kA lqbZ ihNs vkus yxh o ySp can gks x;kA fiNys Qans esa ls /kkxk ywi cuk dj fudyuk çkjaHk gqvkA u;k ywi cu x;kA ywi fQj ls [kqy x;k o u;k Qank uhps pyk x;kA lqbZ fQj ls çfØ;k ds fy, rS;kj gks xbZA

ckus dh cqukbZ

(Warp knitting)

bl fufVax dh fof/k esa Hkh Qans gksrs gSa ijUrq fØ;k yEckbZ esa c<+rh gSA bl ÁfØ;k esa lHkh lqbZ;k¡ gj le; fØ;k'khy jgrh gaS vkSj o`f) Åij dh rjQ ,d lkFk gksrh gSA bl Ádkj dh fufVax dk fo'ks"k ykHk ;g gS fd blls cuk oL= vklkuh ls m/ksM+uk laHko ugha gksrk gSA okiZ fufVax }kjk cuk, x, oL= os¶V fufVax dh rqyuk esa de yphys gksrs gSaA bldh jpuk fp= 6-3 ls Li"V gksxhA

fp= 88-3 okiZ fufVax lajpuk

fufVax e'khu nks Ádkj dh gksrh gS& • VsjhdkWV fufVax e'khu (Tericott knitting machine) 3

• js”ky fufVax e'khu (Raschel knitting machine)

Lo;a tk¡p Á'u

(Self Check Questions)

1- fjDr LFkku dh iwfrZ djsa& i) fufVax /kkxksa ds }kjk ______________ cukus dh ÁfØ;k gSA ii) fufVax ds nks Ádkj ____________ rFkk _____________ gSA iii) fufVax esa fufeZr [kM+h js[kk,¡ ____________ dgykrh gS o pkSM+kbZ esa fufeZr iM+h js[kk,¡ _________ dgykrh gSaA iv) okiZ fufVax dh vis{kk—r ___________ okys oL= vf/kd yphys gksrs gSaA v) ___________ fufVax dh lqbZ dks can djrk gSA

xfrfof/k (Activity) 1- rkus rFkk ckus dh fufVax ds fp= cukvks rFkk muds uke fy[kksA

8-4

csfld fuV dh lajpuk,a (Basic Knitted Sructures)

Ckqus gq, QUns] fiNys QUnksa ls dsoy Åijh fljs ,oa fupys fljs ls ca/ks gq, gksrs gSA ml LFkku ij tgka ij nks Vkads feyrs gS] ogka igyk QUnk nks fcUnqvksa ij tqM+rk gSA budks ckbZfMax fcUnq dgk tkrk gSA bl izdkj ,d QUns eas pkj ckbfMax fcUnq gksrs gSa vFkkZr izR;sd QUns esa nks fcUnq flj rFkk nks fcUnq iSjksa dh vksj gksrs gSaA bl izdkj nks ckbfMax fcUnq ,d ckbfMax bdkbZ cukrs gSaA vr% ,d QUns esa dqy 8 duSDV fcUnq] pkj ckbfMax fcUnq rFkk nks ckbZfMax bdkbZ;ka gksrh gSA ,d cquk gqvk diM+k rduhdh :Ik ls [kM+k@lh/kk gksrk gSA tc blds dkslsZt lery@iM+s pyrs gSa rFkk osy [kM+s pyrs gSaA ftlesa cqus x;s QUns ds flj ds Åijh vksj rFkk izFke dkslZ fcUnq diM+s ds uhps dh vksj gksrk gSA QUns dh ckbZfMax fcUnq ij tqM+us dh fLFkfr ds vuqlkj :Ik ls mldh mYVs lh/ks dh ifjHkk"kk gksrh gSA ;fn QUns ds fupyh ckbZfMax] fcUnqvksa ds Åij gksa rFkk mlh ds vuqlkj og QUns dk fiNyk Hkkx dgyk;sxkA fp= 8-5 Vki rFkk bldks cSd fLVp] iyZ fLVp] fx;j fLVp ;k fjolZ fLVp dgk tkrk gSA ;fn blds foijhr QUnk fupys Hkkx ls tqM+rk gS] rks bldks QUns dk lh/kk Hkkx dgk tkrk gSA bldks Qsl&4 ;k lh/kk] LVksfdax] t+lhZ rFkk lh/kk QUnk dgrs gSaA /kkxs ds QUns dks Qsl lkbZM ls my>kus dks Qsl fLVp dgrs gSaA

4

8-5

fuV oL= dh jpuk

(Fabric Structure of Knits)

fufVax esa ywi (Loop) curs gSa tks pkj LFkkuksa ls ¼ftlesa nks fiNys cuk, x, Qans rFkk nks u, cuk, x, Qanks ds lkFk½ Åij c¡/k tkrs gSaA bl Ádkj ,d Qans esa pkj ckbfMax fcUnq (Binding Points) fufeZr gksrs gSa tSlk fd fp= 6-4 ls Li"V gksrk gSA

fp= 88-4 Q¡ns dh vk/kkjHkwr jpuk

fufVax rduhd esa lh/kh o mYVh rjQ vyx&vyx fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA ,d rjQ oh (v) vkdkj ds iyZ fLVp (Purl Stitch) rFkk nwljh rjQ tlhZ fLVp (Jersey Stitch) gksrs gSa ¼fp= 6-5½A

fp= 88--5 ihNs ls Q¡nk ¼Åij½ ] vkxs ls Q¡nk ¼uhps½

os¶V fuVsM oL=ksa dks Áeq[kr% nks oxksZa esa ck¡Vk x;k gSA flaxy tlhZ (Single Jersey) & tks lknh os¶V fuV esa vkrs gSa o ,d lqbZ ls cqus tkrs gSaA • Mcy tlhZ (Double Jersey) & ;g lqbZ ds nks lsV ls cqus tkrs gSa rFkk blds vUrxZr fjc] bUVjykWd o iyZ jpuk vkrh gSA •

5

8-5-1 lkns fuV oL=

(Plain knit fabric)

;fn rkus ;k ckus dh cqukbZ okys diM+ksa dh ,d lrg dsoy Qsl fLVfpt okyh gks rFkk foijhr lrg es dsoy cSd fLVfpt gS rks ml diM+s dks Iysu fuVsM dgrs gSaA bldks flaxy tlhZ diM+s ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tk ldrk gSA blfy, lHkh QUnksa dks ,d fn'kk esa my>k;k gSA bl izdkj ds diM+s fdukjksa ls xksy gks tkrs gSaA ;s rduhdh ÝUV ls rduhdh cSd dh vksj fdukjska ij xksy gksrs gSaA bl izdkj ds diM+s vkM+s rFkk [kM+s nksuksa vksj QSy ldrs gSaA ijUrq ysVjy QSyko ¼pkSM+kbZ esa½ yksafxV~;wMuy QSyko ¼yEckbZ esa½ ls nks xquk gksrk gSA /kkxs ds QUns yksafxV~;wMuy ¼yEckbZ dh½ fn'kk esa viuh y0 ls vk/kk gh QSyrs gSaA tcfd ysV~jy ¼pkSM+kbZ dh½ fn'kk esa ;g viuh iwjh y0 rd [khaps tk ldrs gSaA QSyus ds Ik'pkr~ bldh iqjkuh voLFkk esa vkus dh ek=k@va'k /kkxs dh cukoV rFkk mlesa iz;qDr js'kksa ij fuHkZj djrh gSA

8-5-2 fjc fuV oL=

fp= 88-6 lkns fuV oL=

(Rib knit fabric)

;fn <hys rkus ;k ckus dh cukoV okys diM+s dh nksuksa lrgksa ij dsoy Qsl fLVp gS vFkkZr QUns dh Vkaxs fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA rks bldks fjc fuVsM diM+k dgk tkrk gSA rFkk bldks iM+kslh osYl ds foijhr fn'kk esa my>k;k tkrk gSA bldks nks lqbZ;ksa okyh i)fr ls izkIr fd;k tkrk gSA ftlesa lqbZ;ka ,d nwljs ds lkeus gksrh gSA blfy, bl izdkj ls cqus x;s diM+s dks Mcy tlhZ ;k Mcy Qsl diM+s dgk tkrk gSA rks diM+s ds nksuksa vksj Qsl rFkk QUns ÁR;sd dkslZ esa ,d ds ckn nwljk fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA diM+s ds NksM+us ij ;g pkS0 esa fldqM+rk gS rFkk foijhr QUnksa dks Qsl QUnksa ds chp esa Nqik ysrk fp= 88-7 fjc fuV oL= gSA ;s diM+s fdukjksa ls jksy ugha gksrsA ljy fjc LVªDpj 1x1 fjc gSA fjc LVªDpj dk yksafxV;wM~uy ¼yEckbZ esa½ QSyko lkns fuVsM diM+s ds LVªDpj ds leku gksrk gSA /kkxs ds ikl dh T;kferh fuVsM lajpuk dh yphyh izo`fŸk dks ÁHkkfor djrh gSA ikl okys osYl QUnksa ds ijLij feykus dh fn'kk cny nsus ls dls fuVsM lajpuk ds osYl dk ifj.kke mudks cUn djuk gSA blls fjc lajpuk ds pkSM+kbZ esa QSykus okys xq.k nwljs ewy fuVsM lajpuk ls vf/kd gksrs gSaA fjc lajpuk }kjk ysVªy ¼pkSM+kbZ½ fn'kk esa QSyko 140 Áfr'kr rd ÁkIr fd;k tk ldrk gSA fjc LVªDpj ds nwljh cqukbZ esa 2x2 fjc lfEefyr gksrs gSa ftlesa Qsl fLVfpt ds 2 osYl ls fjolZ ¼foijhr½ fLVfpt ds 2 osYl dh la[;k vf/kd gksrh tkrh gSA foijhr ls lEeq[k fn”kk esa cnyus ds dkj.k la[;k dVus ls QSyko de gksrk gSA

6

8-5-3 iyZ fuV oL=

(Purl knit fabric)

;fn <hyh ckus dh cqukbZ esa nksuks vksj dsoy fjolZ fLVfpt nsa rks bls iyZ fuVsM diM+k dgk tkrk gSA izk;% ckus dh cqukbZ okyh e'khuksa ij bl izdkj ds oL= cuk;s tkrs gSaA iyZ QsfczDl ikl okys dkslsZt dks foijhr fn'kk esa QUnksa dks my>kus ls cuk;s tkrs gSaA blds fy, fo'ks"k lqb;ksa dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA ftlesa nks fuMy gqd gksrs gSaA y0 esa fp= 8diM+s dks QSykus ls Qsl fLVfpt fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa bl izdkj ls cquk 8-8 iyZ fuV oL= diM+k osYl dh fn'kk esa vf/kd fldqM+rk gS rFkk bldks NksM+us ls Qsl fLVfpt dks dkslsZt ds e/; <d ysrk gSA foijhr fn'kk esa ikl okys dkslsZt QUnksa dks ijLij my>kus ls iyZ fuVsM LVªDpj ds dkslsZt dks cUn fd;k tkrk gSA bl izdkj ds LVªDpj esa cgqr vf/kd yksfaxV~;wMuy QSyko gksrk gSA bl izdkj ds LVªDpj esa cgqr vf/kd ykasfxV~;wMuy QSyko gksrk gSA tks cgqr vf/kd ,ykfLVd gksrk gSA

8-5-4 bUVjykWd fuV oL=

(Interlock knit fabric)

budks nks fjc fuVsM lajpuk dk lfEeJ.k ekuk tkrk gSA ,d fjc fuVsM lajpuk ds fjolZ fLVfpt dks nwljs fjc fuVsM lajpuk ds Qsl fLVfpt ls <dk tkrk gSA blfy, diM+s ds nksuks vksj dsoy Qsl fLVfpt gh fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA rFkk diM+s dks pkS0 esa QSykus ls Hkh fjolZ fLVfpt dks [kkstuk dfBu gSA /kkxs ds iFk dh T;kferh fuVsM diM+s ds yphysiu dks izHkkfor djrh gSA ikl okys osYl esa fLVfpt my>kus dh fn'kk cnyus ds ifj.kke Lo:Ik fjc fufVax cUn gksrh gSA tks pkS0 es blds yphysiu dks c<+krh gSA ikl okys dkslsZt dks foijhr fn'kk esa my>kus ls iyZ fuVsM diM+s dh cqukbZ dks cUn djrs gSaA blfy, mudks nwljs fuVsM lajpuk ds eqdkcys y0 vf/kd QSyk;k tk fp= 88-9 bUVjykWd fuV oL= ldrk gSA nks fjc dh bUVjykWd LVªDpj esa nks fjc fuVsM lajpuk dk la;kstu lHkh osYl ;k dkslsZt dks cUn djus dk cgqr de ;k fcydqy ugha ds leku LFkku nsrk gSA blfy, bUVjykWd diM+ksa esa nksuksa vksj cgqr de yphysiu gksrs gSaA Rkkus dh cqukbZ jSi fuVsM okys diM+s izk;% xkbM ckj dh la[;k rFkk ySfiax Iyku ds vuqlkj oxhZd`r dh tkrh gSA rkus dh cqukbZ izk;% ,d lsV Hkh lqb;ksa }kjk nh tkrh gSA ;|fi dqN jkWdsy e'khuksa esa 2 lsV esa lqb;ka Hkh ikbZ tkrh gSA tks fo’ks"k izdkj dk diM+k cquus esa iz;ksx eas ykbZ tkrh gS tSls dV iq'kA

Lo tk¡p Á'u

(Self Check Questions)

2- nks Ádkj ds os¶V fuV oL=ksa ds uke nsaA 3- fdl fuV jpuk esa de f[kapko dh {kerk gksrh gS\ 7

4- fofHké fuV jpuk ds oL=ksa ds uke nsaA

8-6

nÙk dk;Z

8-6-1 d{kk dk;Z

(Assignments) (Class assignments)

i) d{kk esa Åu ds /kkxkas }kjk fufVax dh ÁfØ;k djsa o mlds fofHké :Ik le>ssaA

8-6-2 x`g dk;Z

(Home assignments)

i) ckt+kj ls fofHké oL= ,d= djds mUgSa fufeZr djus dh fof/k vuqlkj oxhZ—r djsa rFkk ,d pkVZ ij oL=ksa ds oxZ (Square) dkVdj fpidk dj ukekafdr djsaA

8-7 Lkkjka Lkkjka'k

(Summing Up) bl ikB esa cqukbZ dh ekSfyd vko';drk rFkk cqukbZ dh lajpuk ij fopkj fd;k x;kA

fuVsM izfØ;k] ckus dh cqukbZ ;k rkus dh cqukbZ Åij dh tkrh gSA nks izdkj dh cqukb;ksa rFkk fHkUu fHkUu fuVsM lajpuk dk laf{kIr o.kZu fd;k x;kA

8-8

Lo;a tk¡p Á'uksa ds laHkkfor mÙkj (Possible Answers to Self Check Questions) 1- fjDr LFkku Hkfj,% 1- QUns my>kuk 2- rkuk rFkk ckuk 3- osYl dkslsZt 4- ckus dh cqukbZ 5- ySp lqb;ka 2- flaxy tlhZ Mcy tlhZ 3- Iysu fuV] fjc fuV] iyZ fuV] bUVjykWd fuV 4- flaxy tlhZ diM+k ckus dh cqukbZ okyk diM+k gksrk gSA tks flaxy lsV dh lqb;ksa dh enn ls cuk;k tkrk gSA

8

8-9

vH;klkFkZ Á'u

(Terminal Questions)

1- vki fufVax ls D;k le>rs gSa\ 2- fufVax esa dkslZ D;k gksrk gS\ 3- fufVax esa osYl D;k gksrk gS\ 4- mYVk QUnk D;k gksrk gS\ 5- rkus dh cqukbZ okyk diM+k D;k gksrk gS\ 6- ckus dh cqukbZ okyk diM+k D;k gksrk gS\ 7- flaxy tlhZ diM+k D;k gksrk gS\

8-10 lanHkZ ,oa v/;;u ;ksX; iqLrdsa (References and Suggested Further Reading) 1. Kudriavin, L. (Ed). Laboratory Practice in Knitting Technology. Mir Publishers, Moscow.

2. Miller, E. 1973. Textile: Properties & Behaviour. B.T. Batsford Ltd., London.

3. Spencer, B. 1983. Knitting Technology. Pergamon Press. U.K. 4. Internet Websites: i) www.knitting-umist.ac.uk, ii) www.dupont.com, iii) www.amann-online.de

8-11 'kCnkoyh

(Glossary)

1. m/ksM+uk (Ravel)

[kqyus dh ÁfØ;kA

2. ywi (Loop)

/kkxksa dk ?kqeko djrs gq, fudyukA

3. FkeksZIykfLVd (Thermoplastic)

,d ,slk inkFkZ tks xeZ gksus ij ueZ gksdj nwljs vkdkj esa ifjofrZr gksus dh {kerk j[krk gksA

4. ukWu FkeksZIykfLVd (Non Thermoplastic) ftls xeZ gksus ls ÁHkko u iM+rk gks vFkkZr~

tks FkeksZIykfLVd u gksA 5. ckWfUMax (Bonding)

vkil esa fpidus dh ÁfØ;k A

6. LÁs (Spray)

QSykuk ;k QSyk nsuk 9

7. osc (Web)

,d tkyuqek jpuk ftlesa js'kksa dh fu/kkZfjr fn'kk vkfn ugha gksrhA

8. jksyj (Roller)

,d cM+k lk xksy csyu vkdkj dk flysaMj (cylinder) tks Áeq[kr% nckus dk dk;Z djsaA

9. fLiUjsV (Spinneret)

ekuo fufeZr js'kksa ds fuekZ.k gSrq cgqr NksVs fNæ okyh Nyuh ftlls js'ks vkdkj /kkj.k djrs gSaA

10. ekLd (Mask)

eqg¡ dks <dus dk ,d oL= dk VqdM+k tks xanxh ;k thok.kq Áos'k ls euq"; ds 'kjhj dks cpkrk gSA

10