1414- uhfr;ksa dks Á;ksx esa ykuk (ETHICS IN PRACTICE) fiNys ikB esa O;kikj esa O;fDrxr uhfr;ksa dh O;kid :Ik ls O;k[;k dh xbZA bl ikB esa ge dqN ewy uSfrd ewY;] ftudk Áeq[k O;kikfjd laLFkkuksa esa vuqlj.k fd;k tkrk gS dk v/;;u djsaxsA
1414-0 mís';
(OBJECTIVES)
bl ikB dk v/;;u djus ij vki& • O;kikj dh dqN ÁkFkfed fo'ks"krkvksa ds egŸo tSls bZekunkjh] ,drk rFkk fo'okl ik=rk ds fo"k; esa tkudkjh ÁkIr djsaxsA • dqN lQy cgqjk"Vªh; dEifu;ksa }kjk Á;ksx esa ykbZ tkus okys O;fDrxr uhfr;ksa ds ewY;ksa dh i)fr dh tkudkjh ÁkIr djsaxsA
1414-1 ifjp;
(INTRODUCTION)
^^bZekunkjh lcls vPNk xq.k gS** (Honesty is the best policy) ;g ,d dgkor gh ugha gSA ;fn bZekunkjh dk fl)kar fdlh O;kikj }kjk n`<+rk ls dqN vU; okafNr xq.kksa (desirable value) ds lkFk viuk;k tkrk gS rks blesa dksbZ 'kd ugha fd] og O;kikj cgqr méfr djsxkA bl ikB esa ge loZÁFke okafNr ÁkFkfed fo'ks"krk,¡ tks O;kikj lQy cukus esa vko';d gaS dk v/;;u djsaxsA blds Ik'pkr~ ge O;fDrxr uSfrd ewY; Á.kkyh ds fo"k; esa laf{kIr :Ik ls fopkj djsaxs ftudk vuqlj.k dqN cgqjk"Vªh; dEifu;k¡ (multinational companies) djrh gSaA
1414-2 dqN ÁkFkfed fo'ks"krk,¡
(SOME BASIC QUALITIES)
O;kikfjd Áfr"Bku vFkok O;kolk; esa dk;Z djus dk <ax O;olk; ds nh?kZdkyhu (long term) rFkk y?kq Lrj (short term) ds y{;] nksuksa ds fgr esa gksuk pkfg,A ,d O;kikfjd Áfr"Bku esa O;fDrxr vkpj.k i)fr (ethical practices) ds eq[; ÁkFkfed fo'ks"krk,¡ bZekunkjh (honesty)] ,drk (integrity) rFkk fu"diVrk (sincerity) gksuh pkfg,A ;g lcls egŸoiw.kZ fo'ks"krk,¡ gSaA ;g fo'ks"krk,¡ xzkgd ds eu esa fo'okl iSnk djrh gS rFkk nksuksa esa vFkkZr dEiuh rFkk xzkgd esa LFkk;h laca/k cukrh gaS tks laca/k ifj;kstuk (project) ls Åij gksrs gSaA nwljh egŸoiw.kZ fo'ks"krk gS fo'oluh;rk (reliability)A bu 'kCnksa ds vFkZ Li"V djus ds fy, nks mnkgj.k fn, tkrs gSaA tc ge nt+hZ dh nqdku ij vius oL= tks geus mls flyus ds fy, fn, Fks ysus tkrs gSa vkSj og mŸkj nsrk gS fd dke dh vf/kdrk ds dkj.k og ifj/kku rS;kj ugha dj ldk rks vki D;k vuqHko djsaxsA nthZ gesa nwljh frfFk dks ifj/kku nsus dk oknk djrk gS ijUrq iqu% og mijksDr dgkuh lquk nsrk gSA blh Ádkj ;fn gekjs ?kj esa uy ds dkjhxj ds fy, dksbZ dk;Z gks] ge uy Bhd djus okys dkjhxj dks Qksu djrs gSaA og nks ?kUVs esa vkus dk oknk djrk gS] ijUrq og ugha vkrkA og iqu% Qksu djus ij dgrk gS fd og fdlh nwljs dke eas O;Lr gksus ds dkj.k ugha vk ldk o vHkh vk jgk gS] ge tkurs gSa fd lkekU;r% ,slk ugha gksxkA D;k ge ,slh fLFkfr esa laca/k LFkkfir djuk pkgsaxsA fo'oluh;rk (reliability) dk xq.k vFkkZr ^^fo'oluh;rk** rFkk Hkjkslk fdlh O;kikj dh lQyrk ds fy, cgqr vko';d gSA fo'oluh;rk rFkk vius okns dks iwjk djus ds fy, vko';d gS fd vius O;olk; esa >wBk oknk ugha djuk pkfg,A vki >wBs okns djrs jgasxs rks vkids lEeku dks gkfu igq¡psxh rFkk xzkgd dh utjksa esa vkidh fo'oluh;rk de gksxhA bldk 1
ifj.kke ;g gksxk fd tks dksbZ Hkh vki ls lacaf/kr gksxk og vlarq"V] Øksf/kr rFkk ruko xzLr jgsxkA vr% O;fDr dks viuh rFkk vius laLFkku dh {kerk dk Kku gksuk vko';d gS rFkk mlh ds vuqlkj vkidks oknk djuk pkfg,A vr% ,d ;k nks larq"V xzkgd j[kuk] lHkh vlarq"V ;k dqN v)Zlarq"V xzkgd j[kus ls cgqr vPNk gSA blfy, gesa lh[kuk pkfg, & • Lo;a dks O;ofLFkr j[kukA • ,slh i)fr viuk, tks dk;Z dks ljy cuk,] gesa O;ofLFkr djs rFkk dk;Z dks nksgjkus rFkk uhjl cukus dks de djus esa enn djsA • tks ifj;kstuk ge vkjaHk djuk pkgrs gSa bldh vko';drkvksa dks ij[ksaA dsoy mruk dk;Z ysuk pkfg, ftldks ge le; ij iwjk dj ldsaA bl le> ds lkFk&lkFk gesa O;kikfjd uhfr;k¡ fn'kk funsZ'k nsrh gSA ;gk¡ bUgsa Li"V djus ds fy;s vc ge vefjdk dh rhu lQy O;kikfjd Áfr"Bkuksa ds mnkgj.k & cksbZax dEiuh] gkoZM iSdkMZ rFkk tksUlu o tksUlu ds uSfrd O;ogkj rFkk fo'oluh;rk dk v/;;u ÁLrqr dj jgs gSa ¼;g lanHkZ 7 esa ls fy, x, gSa½A var esa ge buQksfll (Infosys) ½ ds fl)kar rFkk ewy O;oLFkk Á.kkyh dk laf{kIr o.kZu ÁLrqr djsaxs tks mUgha dh 2002 & 03 dh okf’kZd fjiksZV (yearly report) ls fy;k x;k gSA
Lo;a tkap Á'u Á'u
(SELF ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS)
1- fdUgha nks vR;ar egŸoiw.kZ ,oa okafNr fo'ks"krkvksa dk o.kZu djsa ftUgsa vki mfpr le>rs gSaA
1414-3 uhfr;k¡ viukuk 1414-3-1 nh cksbZax dEiuh
(ETHICS IN PRACTICE)
(THE BOEING COMPANY)
;g laLFkku 1916 esa LFkkfir gqbZ vkSj ,d O;ofLFkr] uSfrd fl)karksa okyh lQy laLFkk dk mnkgj.k gSA ;g ,d Áfl) okf.kT; gokbZ tgkt rS;kj djus okyh dEiuh gS rFkk ;g eq[; :Ik ls O;kikfjd vkpj.k dks lQyrkiwoZd viukus ds fy, Áfl) gSA cksbZax dEiuh }kjk viuk, x, lHkh ewY; (values) gesa blds CEO William Allen dh ;kn fnykrs gSa ftUgksaus nwljs egk;q) ds vUr esa bl dEiuh dk dk;ZHkkj lEHkkyk rFkk og viuh fu’diVrk] bZekunkjh ,oa ,drk ds xq.kksa ds fy, tkus tkrs FksA 1964 esa mUgksaus vkpj.k ds fl)kar cukus ds fy, ,d desVh (committee) cukbZ rFkk vkpj.k Á.kkyh (ethical policy) dks ykxw fd;k ftlls dEiuh esa oknk fuHkkus ds ewY; esa o`f) gqbZA dEiuh }kjk O;fDrxr vkpj.k ewY;ksa dks viukus ds vfrfjDr mlesa cgqr dfe;k¡ 1995&2000 esa ikbZ xbZa ftlds dkj.k dEiuh dh rhoz xfr ls méfr esa ck/kk vkbZA cgqr vf/kd dke ds dkj.k deZpkfj;ksa dh la[;k 96]000 rd igq¡p xbZA cksbZax dEiuh us Vªsfuax Áksxzke (training program) ds ek/;e ls u, deZpkfj;ksa dks vkpj.k dh f'k{kk nh rFkk cksbZax dEiuh }kjk vkpj.k ds fl)karksa esa lq/kkj fd;kA o’kksZa ls ;g Áksxzke fl)karksa o ewY;ksa ij vk/kkfjr jgk gS u fd fu;eksa o Á.kkyh ds vk/kkj ijA
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1414-3-2 gkoZM iSdkMZ dEiuh
(HEWLETT PACKARD COMPANY )
;g dEiuh 1939 esa LFkkfir dh xbZ rFkk 1960 esa dEiuh }kjk Áeq[k ewY; (core values) dh uhao j[kh xbZA
• dEiuh us tkuk fd ykHk ,d dEiuh ds lkekftd ;ksxnku ekiu ds fy, vPNk <ax gS rFkk m|ksx dh 'kfDr dh ,d gh ewyHkwr rkdr gSA • mRikn; (product) dh xq.koŸkk rFkk lsok esa yxkrkj lq/kkj djuk vko';d gSA • méfr ds u, voljksa dks [kkstuk] ijUrq mUgha {ks=ksa esa Á;Ru djuk ftlesa dEiuh viuk ;ksxnku dj ldrh gSA • jkst+xkj ds volj Ánku djuk ftlls deZpkjh dEiuh dh lQyrk esa Hkkxhnkj gks ldsaA • laxBukRed okrkoj.k cuk, j[kuk ftlls O;fDrxr Ásj.kk] Á;kl rFkk l`tukRedrk esa méfr gksxhA • lekt dks vius ;ksxnku }kjk vPNs ukxfjd ds xq.k n'kkZukA • laLFkk dks thfor j[kus ds fy, fodkl ij t+ksj nsukA dqN le; iwoZ gh laLFkk ds mÌs'; esa ifjorZu fd;k x;k gS rFkk dqN ckrsa tks fuEufyf[kr gSa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS & xzkgd oQknkjh] ykHk] cktkj dk usr`Ro] méfr] deZpkfj;ksa }kjk oknk iwjk djuk] usr`Ro dh {kerk rFkk lkalkfjd ukxfjdrkA nwljk nLrkost ftldk 'kh"kZd ^^O;kikfjd uhfr;k¡** (Business Ethics) gS ;g bZekunkjh] Js"Brk] mŸkjnkf;Ro] n;k Hkko ukxfjdrk] fu"i{krk rFkk vknj Hkko ds vkn'kksZa] leiZ.k o ,drk ij dsfUær gSA
1414-3-3 tkWUlu ,.M tkWUlu
(JOHNSON AND JOHNSON )
;g dEiuh 1887 esa LFkkfir dh xbZ rFkk ;g lalkj esa LokLF; laca/kh mRiknu ds fy, lcls cM+h fuekZrk gSA dEiuh }kjk lapkyu ds fy, ,d i`"B dk lkekU; nLrkost cuk;k x;k ftls ‘Our Credo’ ds uke ls tkuk x;kA blds dqN va'k uhps fn, x, gSa% • gekjk mŸkjnkf;Ro mu lHkh ds Áfr gS tks dksbZ Hkh gekjs mRiknu ;k lsok dk mi;ksx djs rFkk gekjh ÁR;sd oLrq mPp xq.koŸkk dh gksuh pkfg,A • gesa yxkrkj Á;Ru djrs jguk pkfg, fd gekjs mRiknu dh ykxr de jgs rFkk ewY; mfpr gksA • xzkgd dk vkWMZj 'kh?kzrk ls rFkk lgh igq¡pkuk vko';d gSA • gekjs forjd (distributors) rFkk vkiwfrZdrkZ (suppliers) dks mfpr ykHk dekus dk volj feyuk pkfg,A • ge vius deZpkfj;ksa ds fy, mŸkjnk;h gS rFkk gesa muds ikfjokfjd nkf;Ro dks iwjk djus ds <ax /;ku esa j[kus pkfg,A • jkst+xkj] méfr rFkk vkxs c<+us ds cjkcj volj gksus pkfg,A • gekjh lapkyu O;oLFkk iwjh gksuh pkfg, rFkk muds dk;Z U;k;laxr rFkk uSfrd gksus pkfg,A • gesa ukxfjd lq/kkjkas rFkk vPNs LokLF; ,oa f'k{kk dks c<+kok nsuk pkfg,A
1414-3-4 buQksfll
(INFOSYS)
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dEiuh dh 2002&2003 dh Áca/ku lehfr dh fjiksZV esa buQksfll (Infosys) dEiuh ds Áca/ku fl)karksa (Corporate Governance Philosophy) dk fooj.k fn;k x;kA ;g fl)kar fuEu gSa • dkuwu ds Hkko dks larq"V djsa u fd dsoy dkuwu ds i= dks dkjiksjsV Áca/ku ds ekun.M dkuwu ls Åij gksus pkfg,A • ikjnf'kZrk jguh pkfg,A lqLi"V cukus rFkk fopkjksa dks ÁdV djus dk Lrj Å¡pk cuk, j[kuk pkfg,A ;fn 'kadk gks rks Li"Vhdj.k vfuok;Z gSA • O;fDrxr lqfo/kk rFkk dkjiksjsV lk/kuksa esa fHkérk Li"V gksuh pkfg,A • viuh dEiuh dh vkarfjd dk;Z Á.kkyh nwljksa dks lPPkkbZ ls cryk,¡A • ftu ns'kksa esa dk;Z dj jgs gSa muds fu;eksa dk ikyu djsaA • O;kikj dh vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, dEiuh dkWiksjsV dh :ijs[kk ljy rFkk ikjn'khZ gksuh pkfg,A • Áca/k desVh va'knkrkvksa dh iw¡th rFkk ekfyd dh VªLVh gksrh gSA
1414-4 'kCn Lkkj
(THE FINAL WORD)
mijksDr pkjksa dEifu;ksa dk bfrgkl uhfr;k¡ ,oa O;ogkj ds fy, vuqdj.kh; (exemplary) gSA ;g laLFkk,¡ bldk ,d vPNk mnkgj.k ÁLrqr djrh gaS fd ,d vPNs
O;kikfjd laLFkku dks dSls dk;Z djuk pkfg, rFkk fdl Ádkj O;kikfjd fl)karksa ds ekxZ n'kZu esa Áfrfnu dk dk;Z djuk pkfg,A
Lo;a tkap Á'u Á'u
(SELF ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS)
2- mu dEifu;ksa ds uke crk,¡ ftu dh uhfr;ksa o vkpj.k Á.kkyh dks bl ikB esa ÁLrqr fd;k x;kA
1414-5 nÙk dk;Z
(ASSIGNMENTS)
1414-5-1 d{kk dk;Z
(CLASS ASSIGNMENTS)
i) lkewfgd okn fookn ds ek/;e ls mu ewY;ksa dk fo'ys"k.k rFkk igpku dhft, tks fdlh
lQy O;kikfjd laLFkku ds fy, egŸoiw.kZ ekuh tkuh pkfg,A fuEu rhu oxksZa esa ÁR;sd ds ik¡p ewY;ksa dk o.kZu dhft,A leh{kkRed ewY; (Critical values) • egŸoiw.kZ ewY; (Important values) • okafNr ewY; (Desirable values) •
lkewfgd oknfookn dh miyfC/k;ksa dk lkjka'k ,d pkVZ ij cuk dj d{kk esa n'kkZ;saA
1414-5-2 x`g dk;Z
(HOME ASSIGNMENTS)
i) ,d O;kikfjd laLFkku ds egŸoiw.kZ ewY;ksa dk fooj.k rS;kj dhft,A
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ii) viuh #ph ds vuqlkj fdlh O;kikfjd laLFkku }kjk viukbZ xbZ Á.kkyh dk o.kZu
dhft, tks mfpr O;kikfjd uhfr;k¡ viukus ds fy, Áfl} gksA
1414-6 Lkkjka Lkkjka'k
(SUMMING UP)
bl ikB esa vko”;d O;kikfjd@O;kolkf;d dk;Z'kSyh dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA pkj Áeq[k dEifu;ksa dh dk;Z Á.kkyh tks uSfrd O;ogkj ds fy, Áfl) gSa rFkk mudh dk;Z 'kSyh vuqdj.kh; gS dk o.kZu fd;k x;k D;ksafd og vPNs O;kikfjd vkpj.k viukus ds fy, bl fo’k; esa ,d mnkgj.k gSaA
1414-7 Lo;a tkap Á'uks Á'uksa ds laHkkfor mÙkj (POSSIBLE ANSWERS TO SELF ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS) 1. bZekunkjh ] fo'oluh;rk 2. nh cksbZax dEiuh] gkoZM iSdkMZ dEiuh] tkWUlu ,.M tkWUlu] buQksfll
1414-8 vH;klkFkZ vH;klkFkZ Á'u Á'u
(TERMINAL QUESTIONS)
1. O;kikj esa fo'oluh; laca/k fdl Ádkj LFkkfir fd;s tk ldrs gSa\ 2. O;olkf;d {kerk ,d O;kikjh ds fy;s D;k egŸo j[krh gS rFkk mldh D;k Hkwfedk gS\
1414-9 lanHkZ ,oa v/;;u ;ksX; iqLrdsa (REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED FURTHER READING) 1. Fritzsche, D, 1995, Business Ethics. Mc Graw Hill, New York. 2. Clock Work, Annual Report 2002 – 2003 of Infosys, India. 3. Gupta, D. 2006 Ethics incorporated : Response Book, New Delhi.
Top priority and bottom line.
4. Piet, J.H. and Ayodhya Prasad (Eds) 2000, An Introduction to Applied Ethics. Cosmo Publications, New Delhi.
1414-10 'kCnkoyh
(GLOSSARY)
1. fo'oluh;rk (Reliability)
fo'okl ;ksX;A
2. ewY; (Values)
lgh o xyr dh ij[k djukA
3. forjd (Supplier)
tks forjd dk dk;Z djsaA 5
4. vkiwfrZ dŸkkZ (Distributor)
tks miHkksDrk ds vkiwfrZ iw.kZ djus dk ftEesokj gksA
5. leh{kkRed (Critical)
foLr`r leh{kk djrs gq, ;k nks’k fudkyrs gq,] vkykspukRedA
6. okafNr (Desirable)
vfuok;Z@tks vkids ikl vo'; gksuh pkfg,A
7. lh-bZ-vks (CEO)
loZJs"B vf/kdkjh (chief executive officer)
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