102-L-8-h by mayank govil

8- dk;kZy; Lopkyu (OFFICE AUTOMATION) okrkZyki nSfud thou dk vfHké vax gSA vk/kqfud dk;kZy;ksa esa ekSf[kd lans'kksa] nLrkostksa rFkk nLrkostksa dh Áfrfyfivksa dh lwpuk dks fcuk fdlh fod`fr ds 'kh?kzrk ls Hkstuk cgqr egŸoiw.kZ dk;Z gSA dk;kZy; lapkyu ds fy, fuEu pkj midj.kksa dh egŸoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gS& • dEI;wVj • nwjHkk"k • EPABX rFkk bUVjdkWe • QSDl e'khu bu Pkkj midj.kksa esa ls dEI;wVj ds fo"k; esa ikB 7 esa o.kZu fd;k x;k gS rFkk foLr`r mi;ksx dk o.kZu ikB 9 esa fd;k tk,xkA blesa email rFkk bUVjusV dk mi;ksx Hkh fl[kyk;k tk,xkA bl ikB esa 'ks"k rhuksa midj.kksa dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,¡] lapkyu] dk;Z rFkk Á;ksx djus dh fØ;k dk o.kZu fd;k tk,xkA

8-0

mís”;

(OBJECTIVES)

bl ikB dk v/;;u djus ds i'pkr~ vki tku ik,¡xs& • EPABX, QSDl e'khu rFkk nwjHkk"k dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,¡ • nwjHkk"k] EPABX rFkk QSDl e'khu dk lapkyu o fØ;k,¡ • nwjHkk"k] EPABX rFkk QSDl e'khu dks Á;ksx djus dh fØ;k,¡

8-1

ifjp;

(INTRODUCTION)

dk;kZy; ds dqN midj.k geas ÁHkkodkjh okrkZyki ds y{; ÁkIr djus esa lgk;d fl) gksrs gSaA ekSf[kd okrkZyki ds fy, nwjHkk"k rFkk EPABX dk Á;ksx gksrk gSA nwjHkk"k fo'o ds fdlh Hkh dksus esa okrkZyki djus esa lgk;d gSA bUVjdkWe (intercom) }kjk laxBu ds vkarfjd foHkkxksa esa ekSf[kd okrkZyki esa lgk;rk feyrh gSA nwj fLFkr LFkkuksa ij nLrkost rqjUr Hkstus ds fy, QSDl (fax) e'khu dk mi;ksx cgqr yksdfÁ; gSA bu midj.kksa dk ÁHkkoh mi;ksx vkids okrkZyki ds fy, cgqr egŸoiw.kZ gS rFkk laxBu dh mRikndrk esa lq/kkj djrk gSA

8-2

nwjHkk"k

(TELEPHONE)

8-2-1 nwjHkk"k rFkk blds pykus ds fl)kar

(TELEPHONE

AND ITS OPERATION

PRINCIPLE)

nwjHkk"k /ofu ds ek/;e ls nwj LFkkuksa dks lans'k Hkstus rFkk ÁkIr djus ds fy, okrkZyki dk ,d ek/;e gSA nwjHkk"k dk vFkZ gS nwj ns'k esa ckrphr djukA bl midj.k }kjk fdlh Hkh nwj fLFkr LFkku ij vkokt+ dks ok;j (wire)] dksMZ (cord) ;k jsfM;ks }kjk nwj LFkku ij Álkfjr fd;k tkrk gSA Ák;% /ofu rjaxksa dks bysfDVªdy (electrical) ladsrksa esa cny dj Hkstk tkrk gSA ;g lapkj dk ,d flLVe (system) gS ftlesa VsyhQksu ds usVodZ (network) dk Á;ksx gksrk gSA vf/kdrj nwwjHkk"kksa dk lapkyu djus ds fy, bysfDVªd ladsrksa dks ,d foLr`r VsyhQksu usVodZ dh lgk;rk ls pyk;k tkrk gS tks lHkh nwjHkk"k miHkksDrkvksa dks ,d nwljs ls ckrphr djus dh lqfo/kk Ánku djkrk gSA dksbZ Hkh miHkksDrk nwljs nwjHkk"k miHkksDrk dk uEcj Mk;y (number dial) djds ckrphr dj ldrk gSA

8-2-2 laf{kIr bfrgkl

(BRIEF HISTORY)

bysXtsaMj xzkge csy (Alexander Graham Bell) dks nwjHkk"k dk vfo"dkjd dgk tkrk gSA ;|fi teZu vfo"dkjd fQfyi jk;l (Philipp Reis) us loZÁFke ,d nwjHkk"k dk ekWMy rS;kj fd;k Fkk] ijUrq fofHké dkj.kksa tSls issVsUV (patent) vkfn dh deh ds dkj.k og iz;ksx es ugh vk ldk] rFkk jk;l ls vf/kd fodflr nwjHkk”k ds fy,] 1876 dk nwjHkk"k dk vfo"dkj xzkge csy ds uke ls gh tkuk x;kA fuEu fp= 8-1 xzkge csy }kjk rS;kj fd, x, nwjHkk"k dk gSA ml le; bldks ^bysfDVªdy Lihp e'khu* dgk x;k ftldks vc ^^nwjHkk"k^^ dgk tkrk gSA

A.G. Bell and his telephone

fp= 88- 1

8-2-3 ÁFke nwjHkk" Hkk"k dh LFkkiuk

(INSTALLATION OF THE FIRST TELEPHONE)

lcls igyk nwjHkk"k vesfjdk ds jk"Vªifr jnjQksMZ ch- gst (Rutherford B. Hayes) }kjk OgkbV gkml (White House) esa 1878 esa yxk;k x;kA lcls igyh dkWy ,ysXtsaMj xzkge 2

csy dks gh dh xbZ Fkh tks dsoy 13 ehy nwjh ij FksA ;g :fpdj Álax gS fd jnjQksMZ us xzkge csy dks lcls igys /khjs cksyus dks dgk FkkA

8-2-4 LkoZ ÁFke nwjHkk" LkoZÁFke Hkk"k uEcj dk Á;ksx (FIRST EVER USE OF THE TELEPHONE NUMBER)

nwjHkk"k uEcj dk Á;ksx lcls igys 1879 ds vfUre n'kd vkSj 1880 ds igys n'kd esa yksosy] esLlpSLVl (Lowell, Massachusetts) esa fd;k x;kA ,slk Árhr gksrk gS fd rc rd nwjHkk"k miHkksDrk fdlh nwljh fof/k }kjk igpkus tkrs FksA ml le; yksosy esa pspd dh egkekjh QSyh FkhA MkW0 ekslsl xzhyh ikdZj (Dr. Moses Greeley Parker) dks ml le; Mj yxk fd pkjksa nwjHkk"k vkWijsVj bldh pisV esa vk ldrs gSa vkSj ;fn ,slk gqvk rks lkjh nwjHkk"k lsok cUn gks tk,xhA rc mUgksaus lkspk fd nwjHkk"k miHkksDrkvksa dks igpkuus ds fy, ,d vuqie i)fr dh vko';drk gSA nwjHkk"k uEcj flLVe Á;ksx djus ls u, vkWsijsVj dks Áf'kf{kr djuk ljy gksxk rFkk fdlh Hkh dkj.k ls miyC/k vkWijsVj ukSdjh NksM+ tk, rks u, vkWijsVj 'kh?kzrk ls dk;Z lEHkky ysaxsA ikdZj bl ckr ls lger Fks fd nwjHkk"k dk Álkj gksxk blfy, nwjHkk"k flLVe dks egŸo nsuk cgqr vko';d gSA 1950 rd nwjHkk"k uEcj] 'kCnksa rFkk vadks dk ,d fo'ks"k lfEeJ.k FksA

8-2-5 nwjHkk"k dk;Z Á.kkyh ds ewy fl)kar

(BASIC WORKING OF A TELEPHONE)

nwjHkk"k Á.kkyh ds çeq[k rhu ewy rRo gSaA i) nwjHkk"k ;a= tks /ofu dks bysfDVªdy ladsrks esa cnyrk gS rFkk iqu% /ofu esa cny

nsrk gSA ii) bysfDVªdy ladsrks dks nwj Hkstus ds fy, Vªkalfe'ku (transmission) Á.kkyh (system) gS tks ladsrks dks fo—r ;k ean fd, fcuk Hkst ldsaA iii) nks nwjHkk"k midj.kksa dks tksM+us ds fy, Lohfpax Á.kkyh (switching system) Á;ksx

gksrh gSA vktdy ;g dusD'ku (connection) Lopkfyr gS D;ksafd dk;Z djus okyk okafNr uEcj Lo;a Mk;y djrk gS rFkk rjaxks dh Ük`a[kyk dks ,d ds ckn ,d djds Hkstrk gS] tks Lohfpax Á.kkyh dks lapkfyr djrs gSa rFkk fujh{k.k bysDVªksfudyh (electronically) fd;k tkrk gSA • lapkyu fof/k (Operation) tSls gh miHkksDrk fjlhoj dks mBkrk gS rks mls Mk;y Vksu (dial tone) lqukbZ iM+rh gS tks miHkksDrk dks lwfpr djrh gS fd og uEcj Mk;y dj ldrk gSA Mk;y fd, x, vad fofHké Lohfpax Á.kkfy;ksa }kjk dkWy dh xbZ ykbu (line) ls tqM+ tkrs gaSA ;fn dkWy fd;k x;k uEcj O;Lr gks rks dkWy djus okys dks O;Lr /ofu dk ladsr feyrk gSA ;fn okafNr miHkksDrk Ýh (free) gS rks mlds midj.k esa ?kaVh ctuh “kq: gks tkrh gS rFkk dkWy djus okys dks fjax Vksu (ring tone) lqukbZ iM+rh gSA dkWy dk mŸkj feyus ij fjax Vksu can gks tkrh gSA dkWy djus okys miHkksDrk dk ehVj dkWy dk mŸkj feyrs gh Lor% py tkrk gS rFkk ckrphr 'kq: gks tkrh gSA dkWy dk fu;a=.k dkWy djus okys dss ikl esa jgrk gSA tSls gh dkWy lekIr gksrh gS dkWy djus okyk dkWy dkV ldrk gSA

8-2-6 Á;ksx djus dh fØ;k rFkk mi;ksx

(APPLICATION AND USAGE)

nwjHkk"k nwj fLFkr O;fDr;ksa ds ijLij okrkZyki ds fy, mi;ksx gksrk gSA ;g ?kjksa] dk;kZy;ksa] O;kikfjd Áfr"Bkuksa rFkk vU; laxBuksa esa O;kid :Ik ls mi;ksx gksrk gS ¼fp= 8-2½A 3

lEiw.kZ fo'o esa fofHké nwjLFk LFkkuksa ij jgus okys O;fDr;ksa dks tksM+us dk ;g ,d mi;ksxh vax gSA nwjHkk"k ds }kjk vki O;fDr;ksa ls ckrphr dj ldrs gSa rFkk vko';d lwpukvksa dk vknku Ánku 'kh?kzrk ls dj ldrs gSaA oS'ohdj.k (globalization) ds ;qx esa ;g gesa lwpukvksa dks Hkstus ,oa =qfV;ksa dks nwj djus rFkk lans'kksa dks Li"V <ax ls Hkstus dk volj Ánku djrk gSA

fp= 88-2 nwjHkk”k

8-2-7 ÁkS|ksfxdh esa méfr

(TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS)

dqN le; igys nwjHkk"k lkekU;r% ySaM ykbu Qksu (land line phone) dks gh ekuk tkrk FkkA ySaM ykbu nwjHkk"k ,d fLFkj ykbu dusD'ku gksrk gS ftlesa ,d gSaM lsV (hand set) rkj }kjk nwjHkk"k midj.k ls tqM+k gksrk gSA rduhdh fodkl rFkk nwjHkk"k dh eksfcfyVh (mobility) ds igyw dh méfr ls dkWMZ ysl (cordless) rFkk eksckby (mobile) nwjHkk"k dk mi;ksx cgqr c<+ x;k gSA dkWMZ ysl rFkk eksckby nwjHkk"k ?kjksa rFkk dk;kZy;ksa esa O;kid :Ik ls mi;ksxh gaSA Wireless Handset

Base Station

fp= 8-3 dkWMZys yl s Qksu

dkWMZ ysl nwjHkk"k ;a= esa nwjHkk"k dk gSaM lsV rkj jfgr (wireless) gksrk gS tks csl LVs'ku (base station) }kjk fQDl ykbu (fix line) ls tqM+k gksrk gSA ;g ,d ok;jysl nwjHkk"k ;a= (wireless telephone mechanism) dgykrk gS D;ksafd bldk gSaM lsV jsfM;ks rjaxksa }kjk csl LVs'ku ls tqM+k gksrk gSA ;g iksVsZcy (portable) nwjHkk"k gS D;ksafd blds gSaMlsV dks lhfer {ks= rd ys tkdj mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;g ;a= 100 ehVj O;kl rd lQyrk iwoZd dk;Z dj ldrk gSA csl LVs'ku dks fctyh }kjk pktZ fd;k tkrk gS rFkk bldks pykus ds fy;s fu;fer fctyh dh vko';drk gksrh gS ¼fp= 8-3½A

8-2-8 nwjHkk"k ds ykHk rFkk lhek,¡ (ADVANTAGES

AND

LIMITATIONS

TELEPHONE)

• ykHk o ;g gesa nwj fLFkr O;fDr;ksa ls tksM+us esa lgk;d gSA o ;g gekjk le; rFkk /ku dh cpr djrk gS D;ksafd gesa nwj fLFkr O;fDr;ksa ls ckr

djus ds fy, ;k=k ugha djuh iM+rhA 4

o ;g vko';d lans'k Hkstus dk ,d vkn'kZ lk/ku gSA o blls gesa O;kikfjd dk;Z 'kh?kzrk lss djus esa lgk;rk feyrh gSA o ;g gekjs lkekftd thou dh méfr esa lgk;d gS D;ksafd ge vius lacaf/k;ksa ls

fu;fer ckrphr }kjk lEiZd cuk, j[krs gSaA vFkkZr] ;g nwjh dk vkHkkl ugha fnykrkA • Lkhek,¡ o nwjHkk"k gekjs lekt ds fy, ,d ojnku gS vkSj ;g O;fDr;ksa ds thou dk ,d

vfHké vax cu x;k gSA nwjHkk"k dh ;fn dksbZ lhekc)rk gS rks og gS mi;ksfxrk ij vR;f/kd fuHkZjrkA vc fcuk nwjHkk"k ds O;fDr vius vkidks v/kwjk ekurk gSA o miyC/krk ds dkj.k /ku dk mi;ksx O;FkZ ckrsa djus esa cgqr vf/kd gksus yxk gSA

Lo;a tkap Á”u

(Self Assessment Questions)

1- nwjHkk"k dk vfo"dkj fdlus rFkk dc fd;k\ 2- nwjHkk"k ds flLVe (system) dh rhu eq[; vko';drk,¡ D;k gSa\ 3- fjDr LFkku Hkjsa& i) vf/kdrj nwjHkk"k] tfVy nwjHkk"k usVodZ ij bysfDVªdy ladsrksa ds ____________ }kjk lapkfyr gksrs gSaA ii) ySaM ykbu ,d ____________ dusD'ku gksrk gS tgk¡ ij gSaMlsV nwjHkk"k ;a= ls

rkj }kjk tqM+k gksrk gSA iii) dkWMZysl nwjHkk"k midj.k esa ____________ csl LVs'ku ds }kjk fQDl nwjHkk"k ykbu ls tqM+k gksrk gSA 4- nwjHkk"k ds mi;ksx rFkk Á;ksx djus fd fØ;k ds ewy fl)kar D;k gSa\ 5- fQDl Qksu dh vis{kk—r dkMZysl Qksu esa D;k fo'ks"krk,¡ gSa\

8-3

EPABX

rFkk bUVjdkWe

vkius tkuk fd nwjHkk"k nSfud okrkZyki ds fy, cgqr egŸoiw.kZ gSA vc vkxs vkidks ,d nwjHkk"k ls vU; nwjHkk"k }kjk ,d gh dEiuh esa ijLij laidZ rFkk dEiuh ls ckgj laidZ djus ds ckjs esa tkudkjh nh tk,xhA blds fy, EPABX vFkkZr bysDVªkWfud ÁkbosV vkWVksesfVd czkap ,sDlpsat (electronic private automatic branch exchange) Ápfyr gSA

8-3-1

EPABX

dh eq[; fo” fo”ks"krk,¡

EPABX dh vusd fo'ks"krk,¡ gSa ftuesa ls çeq[k dk o.kZu fd;k tk jgk gS&

• bUVjdkWe dkWy (Intercom calls)& blds ek/;e ls dEiuh dh ,d ,DlVsa'ku (extension) ls nwljh ,DlVsa'ku dks dkWy dh tkrh gSA vFkkZr ] ,d gh dEiuh esa vkarfjd ckrphr gsrq bUVjdkWe ç;ksx gksrk gSA dksbZ Hkh O;fDr viuh ,DlVsa'ku ls dkWy 5

djuk pkgrk gks rks og gSaM lsV mBk dj vko';d ,DlVsa'ku ds vad nckdj mls dkWy dj ldrk gSA • ckg~; dkWy (External calls) & tc dksbZ O;fDr viuh ,DlVsa'ku ls dEiuh ds ckgj ds nwjHkk"k uEcj ij dkWy djrk gS og ^^ckg~; dkWy^^ dgykrk gSA Ák;% bl Ádkj dh dkWy djus ds fy, 0 ;k 9 Mk;y djus ds ckn Mk;y Vksu vkus ij okafNr uEcj feyk;k tkrk gSA • dkWUÝsal dkWy (Conference calls) & ;g ,d fo'ks"k Ádkj dh dkWy gksrh gS ftlds }kjk nks ;k nks ls vf/kd vkUrfjd ;k ckg~; miHkksDrk ijLij ,d gh ykbu ij ckrphr dj ldrs gSaA ;g nks çdkj dh gksrh gSA vkarfjd o ckgjh dkWUÝsalA vkarfjd dkWUÝsal esa lHkh miHkksDrk laxBu ds Hkhrj gh ckrphr djrs gSa ;k laxBu ds ,Dlpsat esa gh dkWy jgrh gS tcfd ckgjh dkWUÝsal esa ,d ;k vf/kd miHkksDrk ckgj ds gksrs gSaA • dkWy VªkalQj (Call transfer) & EPABX dh bl fo'ks"krk }kjk ,d dEiuh dk vkarfjd miHkksDrk vkus okyh dkWy dks ckrphr ds fy, nwljs vkarfjd miHkksDrk uEcj ij VªkalQj (transfer) dj ldrk gSA blds }kjk vkUrfjd ;k ckgj ls vkus okyh dkWy dks fdlh Hkh ,DlVsU'ku ij VªkalQj fd;k tk ldrk gSA • Lopkfyr dkWy cSd (Automatic call back) & bl fo'ks"krk }kjk ge vkus okyh dkWy dks lkW¶Vos;j Áksxzke }kjk iqu% dkWy dj ldrs gSaA bl lqfo/kk dks ,d dksM }kjk pkyw fd;k tkrk gS ftlls ;fn okafNr uEcj O;Lr gS ;k mŸkj ugha nsrk rks dksM (code) ds vad nck dj mls ckj ckj Mk;y fd;k tk ldrk gS tc rd vkidh mlls ckrphr u gks tk,A • dkWy QkWjokfMax (Call forwarding) & bl lqfo/kk ds vuqlkj tc dksbZ miHkksDrk viuh lhV ls nwljh ,DlVsa'ku ij cSBk gks rks og viuh ,DlVsa'ku ij vkus okyh dkWy dks tgk¡ og gks] ÁkIr dj ldrk gSA blds fy, mldks viuh lhV okyh ,DlVsa'ku ij ,d dksM }kjk ;g lqfo/kk pkyw djuh iM+rh gS vFkkZr~ dksM ds lkFk ,DlVsa'ku uEcj Mk;y djds vkus okyh dkWy dks vko';d ,DLVsa'ku ij Hkstk tkrk gSA bl lqfo/kk }kjk vkus okyh dkWy dks dEiuh ds ckgj vU; nwjHkk"k ij Hkh Hkstk tk ldrk gSA bl ÁfØ;k esa ifCyd ,DlVsa'ku dh lgk;rk Hkh yh tkrh gSA tSlk dh Åij le>k;k x;k gS EPABX esa blh çdkj dbZ vU; lqfo/kk,¡ Hkh gksrh gaS vkSj og Hkh dsoy nwjHkk"k ij yxs gh dqN cVu nckus ls çkIr gks tkrh gSa ijUrq muds dk;Z fHké gksrs gSaA

8-3-2 Á;ksx djus dh fØ;k rFkk mi;ksx dk {ks= (APPLICATIONS AND USAGE AREA) EPABX ,d ewy midj.k gS ftlds }kjk ge vius dk;kZy; ds vUnj rFkk fo'o ds vU; nwjHkk"kksa ls okrkZyki dj ldrs gSaA vktdy EPABX mu lHkh dk;kZy;ksa esa Á;ksx yk;k tkrk gS tgk¡ 10 ;k blls vf/kd O;fDr dk;Z djrs gSaA blds vfrfjDr EPABX lqfo/kk cgqeaftyk bekjrsa (multi storied buildings), gkmflax lkslkbfVt+ (housing societies), rFkk dkWyksfut (colonies) esa Á;qDr dh tkrh gaSA

8-3-3

EPABX ds ykHk rFkk lhek,¡ (ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF EPABX)

okLro esa vktdy okrkZyki ds fcuk thou dk vuqeku yxkuk vR;Ur dfBu gSA vr% fuEu dkj.kksa ls dk;kZy; okrkZyki esa EPABX dh egŸkk cgqr vko';d gSA 6

• EPABX }kjk vkarfjd rFkk ckg~; lapkj O;oLFkk vR;f/kd ljy] rhoz rFkk vklku gks xbZ gSA • blds Á;ksx ls dk;kZy; dh dk;Zdq'kyrk c<+rh gSA • EPABX ds Á;ksx ls vkarfjd rFkk ckgjh; lapkj O;oLFkk ds le; dh cgqr cpr gksrh gSA • blds mi;ksx ls lans'k Hkstus ds fy;s ;k=k ij gksus okys O;; esa cgqr deh gksrh gSA • vk/kqfud Áks|kSfxdh ds Á;ksx ls rFkk mér midj.kksa ls lapkyu O;; esa Hkh cpr gksrh gSA EPABX ds mi;ksx dh dqN lhek,¡ Hkh gSa tSls& • lHkh EPABX dks pykus ds fy, fctyh dh vko';drk gksrh gS rFkk cSdvi (backup) ds fy, UPS (uninterupted power supply) yxkus vfuok;Z gksrs gSaA • ;g ,d mér Ádkj dk midj.k gS vr% bldh ns[kHkky cgqr vko';d gksrh gSA • bl midj.k dk lapkyu cgqr lh uEcj dht+ (keys) ds }kjk gksrk gS blfy, fofHké midj.kksa ls vuko';d NsM+ NkM+ ls cpuk pkfg,A vuko';d NsM+ NkM+ ls midj.k dh Áksxzkfeax (programming) cny ldrh gS rFkk leL;k [kM+h gks ldrh gSA • bl midj.k dks ,d LFkku ij yxk;k tkrk gS bldks ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku ij LFkkukfU=r djus ds fy, rduhdh Kku okys O;fDr dh vko';drk jgrh gSA • ;|fi blds pykus esa cgqr de [kpZ gksrk gS fQj Hkh bldk j[k j[kko dk O;; dqN vf/kd gksrk gSA

Lo;a tkap Á”u

(Self Assessment Questions)

6- EPABX dh iwjk uke (full form) D;k gS\

8-4

Qsflekby ;k QSDl

(FASCIMILE or FAX)

;g ,d ;a= gksrk gS ftls “Fascimile” Hkh dgk tkrk gSA bldk lkekU; çpfyr uke FAX Hkh gSA FAX e'khu }kjk ge nwjHkk"k ykbu ds ek/;e ls nLrkost nwljs LFkku ij tgk¡ blh Ádkj dh FAX e'khu yxh gksrh gS Hkst ldrs gaSA bl fof/k }kjk ge fp= rFkk Nih gqb Z dksbZ Hkh lkexzh nwj LFkku ij Hkst ldrs gSaA bls fiDpj VsyhxzkQh Hkh dgk tkrk gSA ;g ,d fof/k gS ftlls ge lapkj ds ek/;e ls lans'k fyf[kr :Ik esas Hkstrs gSaA FAX }kjk ge Graphic Data tSls QksVks] ekufp= rFkk js[kkfp= ;k dkxt+ ij tks pkgs og ljyrk ls Hkst ldrs gSaA FAX e'khu fo'ks"kr% rc Á;ksx esa ykbZ tkrh gS tc nLrkost 'kh?kzrk ls Hkstus gksrs gSaA ;g ubZ rduhd ugha gS] o"kksZa ls ;g ^^ok;j QksVksxzkQj^^ }kjk laHko gksrh jgh gS] ijUrq vk/kqfud mér rduhd ls ;g fof/k vf/kd lLrh rFkk Hkjkslsean gks xbZ gS rFkk bldk mi;ksx vc cgqr gks jgk gSA

8-4-1 bfrgkl

(History)

QSDl e'khu dk fodkl VsyhxzkQ rduhd }kjk gqvk gSA Alexander Bain }kjk ,d QSDl e'khu dk vfo"dkj fd;k x;k ftlls Vsyhxzke ds ek/;e ls ladsr ÁkIr djds mudks dkxt+ ij Áfrfyfi esa ifjofrZr fd;k tkrk FkkA bldk Á;ksx 1842 esa “kq: gqvk] ijUrq bl rduhd dk rc rd okLrfod ÁHkko ugha iM+ ldk tc rd nwj lapkj usVodZ rFkk dEI;wVj dh méfr ugha gqbZA

8-4-2 QSDl midj.k ds Ádkj (TYPES OF FASCIMILE DEVICES) vktdy xfr o rduhd ds vk/kkj ij rhu Ádkj dh QSDl e'khu miyC/k gSaA igyk oxZ vFkkZr analog type e'khuksa dh yksdfÁ;rk vc ?kV jgh gSA • de pky okyh bdkbZ % bl lewg esa vkus okyh e'khuksa dk dk;Z nLrkost dks LdSu djus ds ckn Hkstuk rFkk ÁkIr djus ds Ik'pkr~ mldks 4 ls 6 feuV esa fÁaV djuk gksrk gSA ;g lcls igys vkbZ Fkh rFkk ,sukyksx (analog) rduhd ij vk/kkfjr FkhA vktdy bl Ádkj dh e'khusa 'kk;n gh dgha Á;ksx esa ykbZ tkrh gSaA • e/;e pky dh bdkbZ % bl Ádkj dh e'khuksa dh Hkstus dh xfr 1 ls 3 feuV gksrh gSA ;g bdkbZ ,sukyksx (analog) ;k fMft+Vy (digital) rduhd ij vk/kkfjr gSA bl oxZ dh dbZ e'khusa rks de xfr dh e'khu ds leku gh dk;Z djrh gS blfy;s lans'k Hkstus dh xfr Hkh /kheh gh gksrh gSA • mPp pky dh bdkbZ % bl oxZ dh e'khu esa iw.kZr% fMftVy rduhd Á;qDr gksrh gS rFkk lans'k Hkstus dh xfr 1 feuV ls Hkh de gksrh gSA bl Ádkj dh e'khusa vktdy Áfr"Bkuksa esa vR;f/kd yksdfÁ; gSaA

8-4-3 lapkyu ds fl)kar

(PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION)

Qsflekby lapkj esa nks QSDl e'khusa] ,d Hkstus ds fy, rFkk nwljh lans'k ÁkIr djus ds fy,] Á;ksx esa ykbZ tkrh gS rFkk mUgsa nwjHkk"k ykbu ls tksM+k tkrk gSA • Hkstus okyh bdkbZ & nLrkost dks Ádk'k ds ek/;e }kjk tk¡pk tkrk gS ;k nLrkost+ dks Ádk'k fcUnqvksa esa ifjofrZr djds bysDVªhdy ladsrksa }kjk nwjHkk"k ek/;e ls Hkstk tkrk gSA blh Ádkj fp= ls lacaf/kr Vksu dh fHkérk dks ,- lh- ,sEifyV;wM (A.C. Amplitude) dh fHkérk esa cny dj ÁkIrdrkZ dh ykbu ij Hkstk tkrk gSA • ÁkIr djus okyh bdkbZ & ;gk¡ ij ,d fLFkj lzksr ls Ádk'k QksVksxzkfQd lkexzh ij Mkyus dk Áca/k gksrk gS rFkk ÁkIr fd, x, Ádk'k fcUnqvksa dks Hkstus okys dh leku xfr ls LdSu fd;k tkrk gSA ÁkIr gksus okyh rjax fcUnq ds cnyko (variation) ls Ádk'k oksYo (valve) dk lapkyu gksrk gS tks QksVksxzkfQd lkexzh ij iM+us okys Ádk'k dh rhozrk dks fu;af=r djds okLrfod QksVks dks iqu% fp= ds :Ik esa rS;kj djrk gSA 8

ÁkIr djus okyh e'khu ÁfrfcEc dh fMftVy lwpuk dks iqu% cny dj vkmViqV dks QksVks lsaflfVo dkxt+ (photo sensitive paper) ij fp= dk Áfrfyfi fÁaV dj nsrh gSA • QSDl lans'k Hkstus ds pj.k & 1. Hkstus okys nLrkost ds ÁfrfcEc dks LdSu djukA 2. lans'k Js.khc) fo|qr /kkjk ds vkosx ds :Ik esa Hkstk tkrk gSA 3. ÁfrfcEc dks ÁkIr djus okyh e'khu }kjk iqu% ladsr cukuk rFkk fÁaV djukA 4. lans'k lQyrk iwoZd Hkstus ds i'pkr~ Hkstus okyh e'khu }kjk lans'k Hkstus dh fjiksVZ

cukuk ¼fp= 8-5½A bl fjiksZV dks VªkalsD'ku fjiksZV dgk tkrk gSA

fp= 88-5 VªkalsD'ku 'ku fjiksVZ

QSDl Hkstus okys dh mijksDr fjiksVZ esa fuEu fooj.k gksxkA • lapkj dk <ax & QSDl eSuqvyh Hksth xbZ gksxh blfy, fy[kk gksxk ‘Manual transmit”.

• nwjHkk"k uEcj & ÁkIrdÙkkZ dk nwjHkk"k uEcj fy[kk gksxkA • i`"B & QSDl fd;s x;s i`"Bksa dh la[;k nh xbZ gksxhA • Hkstus dk vkjfEHkd le; & og le; tc QSDl Hkstuk ÁkjaHk fd;k x;k] fy[kk gksxkA • QSDl dh vof/k & lans'k Hkstus esa fdruk le; yxkA • ifj.kke & ^ikl* (Pass) ifj.kke dk vFkZ gS fd lans'k lQyrkiwoZd Hkst fn;k x;k gSA QSDl ÁkIrdÙkkZ D;k gS & ;g ,d ;a= gS tks nwjHkk"k ykbu }kjk Hksts x;s lans'k dh Áfrfyfi dks ÁkIr djus ds i'pkr~ AM ok;l (voice) ;k ÝhD;wulh (frequency) ;k fMftVy ladsrksa dks D.C ladsrksa esa cny ldrs gSaA D.C (Direct Current) laadsr uqdhyh lwbZ dks fØ;k'khy djrk gS ;k Ádk'k dks QksVksxzkfQd fjdkfMZax (photographic recording) ds fy, eksMqysV (modulate) djrk gSA QSDlekby LdSuj & nLrkost ds leku xfr okys Mªe ;k piVh IysV ij xksykdkj xfr ls Ádk'k fdj.k }kjk LdSu fd;k tkrk gS tks cnyrs gq, (varying) D.C ladsr mRié djrk gS rFkk AM ok;l (voice) ÝhD;wulh (frequency) esa cny dj QSDl }kjk nwjHkk"k ykbu ls ÁkIrdÙkkZ dks Hkstus ds fy, rS;kj djrk gSA 9

fp= 88-6 QSDl e'khu ds cVu

QSDl e'khu ¼fp= 8-6½ dk ;g ekWMy (model) QSDl] LdSuj rFkk Áfrfyfi cukus dk lfEefyr çk:Ik gSA blds dk;Z fuEu gSa& • On Ikkoj cVu • Enter - ;g fofHké fodYiksa dks n'kkZus okyh ^LysDV dh* gSA bl cVu ij nk,¡ ck,¡ rhj (arrow) ds fpUg gSa tks fodYi ds fHké fHké esU;w (menu) ;k lcesU;w (sub menu) dks n'kkZrsa gSaA ^,sUVj^ nckus ls okafNr fodYiksa dks pquk tk ldrk gSA • QSDl (Fax) & QSDl fodYi dks pquus ds fy, Á;qDr gksrk gSA • dSafly (Cancel) & ;g cVu nh xbZ dekaM (command) dks dSafly djus dk] vFkkZr gVkus dk dk;Z djrk gSA • CySd dyj (Black colour) & ;g cVu fÁafVax ds jax fu;a=.k ds fy, Á;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gSA • uEcj iSM (Number pad) & uEcj iSM tks e'khu ds ck,¡ vksj gksrs gSa uEcj Vkbi djus esa Á;ksx gksrs gSaA ;g Áfrfyfi dh la[;k esa Á;ksx gksrs gSaA • isij Vªs (Paper tray) & eq[; e'khu ds uhps ,d isij Vªs j[kh gksrh gS ftlesa isij j[kk tkrk gSA ÁkIr QSDl lans'k bu isij ij fÁaV (print) gksrs gSaA • fjMk;y (Redial) & ;g cVu ,d ckj Mk;y fd, x, uEcj dks iqu% Mk;y djus ds fy, dke vkrk gSA • LihM Mk;y (Speed dial)& ;g Mk;y djus dh xfr dks c<+kus dk dk;Z djrk gSA • LVkVZ (Start)& QSDl Hkstus rFkk çkIr djus ds fy, Á;qDr gksrk gSA • lSVvi (Setup)& dEI;wVj esa igys ls Mkys gq, fodYiksa dks iqu% ÁkIr djus ds fy, bl cVu dks Á;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gSA QsSDl ds lans'k nks Ádkj ds dkxt+ ij ÁkIr fd, tk ldrs gSaA • pednkj (Thermal)- pednkj isij ij fy;k x;k fÁaV dqN le; ckn gYdk iM+ tkrk gSA • lk/kkj.k isij (Ordinary Paper)- vktdy lk/kkj.k isij ij QSDl fÁaV fy;k tkrk gS tks cgqr le; rd [kjkc ugha gksrk gSA

8-4-4 QSDl e” e”khu Á;ksx djus dh fØ;k@mi;ksx (APPLICATION/USAGE OF A FAX MACHINE)

vktdy QSDl dk Á;ksx cgqr c<+ x;k gSA fo'ks"kr% çsl ds dk;Z ds fy, vFkok cSad] bU'kksjsUl dEiuh] nykyh rFkk vU; foŸkh; Áfr"Bkuksa esa QSDl e'khu dk mi;ksx fofHké Ádkj ds 10

i=] ØsfMV~l (credits) rFkk ftl LFkku ij oS| gLrk{kjksa dh vko';drk gksrh gS vkfn Hkstus ds fy, gksrk gSA cgqr ls O;kikfjd laLFkkuksa dh 'kk[kk,¡ nwj nwj fLFkr gksus ds dkj.k bl Ádkj ds nLrkostksa dks 'kh?kz Hkstus ds fy, QSDl cgqr lgk;d fl) gksrk gSA nwj fLFkr O;fDr;ksa ls nLrkostksa ij fopkj foe'kZ djus esa lgk;rk gksrh gSA QSDl fo'ks"kr% mu fLFkfr;ksa esa cgqr ykHknk;d gksrk gS tc vko';d nLrkost+ (important documents) ,d fuf'pr le; ij Hkstus gksaA

8-4-5 ykHk rFkk lhek,¡

(ADVANTAGE AND LIMITATIONS)

QSDl e'khu fdlh Hkh dk;kZy; ds fy, xzkfQd Áfrfyfi (graphic copy) Hkstus dk ,d vko';d lk/ku gSA QSDl e'khu ds dqN ykHk gaSA • okLrfod nLrkost dh =qfVghu Áfrfyfi rS;kj djuk & ;g ÁkIrdÙkkZ dks ewy nLrkostksa dh okLrfod Áfrfyfi miyC/k djkrk gSA nwljh fdLe dh e'khuksa esa fcYdqy ,d leku Áfrfyfi rS;kj ugha gksrh tSlk fd bl e'khu esa] ijUrq bldk fo'ks"k ykHk ;g gS fd Hksts x;s lans'k dk fjdkWMZ e'khu esa Hkh miyC/k jgrk gSA nwjHkk"k okrkZyki }kjk lgh lans'k Hkstk tk ldrk gS ijUrq] mldk dksbZ fyf[kr fooj.k ugha gksrk tcfd QSDl }kjk Hksts x, lans'k esa MqfIydsV dkWih cukdj Hksth tkrh gS rFkk çeq[k dkWih vkids ikl fjdkWMZ ds fy, jg tkrh gSA • mPp xfr ls Vªkalfe'ku (transmission) & Hkstus okys dh e'khu ls nLrkost dk Vªkalfe'ku rqjUr ÁkIrdÙkkZ dks ÁkIr gks tkrk gS tSls nwjHkk"k esa dgha ckr rqjUr lqukbZ ns tkrh gS mlh çdkj QSDl Hkh rqjUr nwljs O;fDr dks çkIr gks tkrk gSA QSDl ,d Mkd Hkstus rFkk ÁkIr djus dk fodYi Hkh gSA blds ek/;e ls nLrkost dksfj;j (courier) ;k Mkd lsok ds eqdkcys cgqr 'kh?kzrk ls Hksts tkrs gaSA • MkVk lgh Hkstuk & D;ksafd QSDl }kjk MkVk dks iqu% Vkbi djus dh vko';drk ugha gksrh vr% =qfV;ksa dk eq[; lzksr lekIr gks tkrk gSA • QSDl e'khu fdlh O;fDr dh lgk;rk u ysdj Lo;a gh nLrkost+ ÁkIr dj ldrh gS rFkk ;fn funsZf'kr dj nh tk, rks ;g lHkh Ádkj dh fjiksVZl Hkh rS;kj dj nsrh gS ftldks lqcg pSd fd;k tk ldrk gSA bl Ádkj gekjs O;; esa Hkh deh gksrh gS rFkk jkf= esa Hkh QSDl lans'k ÁkIr fd, tk ldrs gSaA • nLrkost [kksus dk Mj ugha jgrkA mijksDr lc ykHk ds vfrfjDr NksVs Áfr"Bkuksa ds fy, bldk ewY; vf/kd gksus ds dkj.k O;; vf/kd Árhr gks ldrk gSA

Lo;a tkap Á”u

(Self Assessment Questions)

7- fuEu dFku lR;@vlR; gS crk,¡A i) vf/kdrj

QSDl e'khusa nwjHkk"k ykbu ds ek/;e ls lapkfyr gksrh gSA lR;@vlR; ii) QSDl e'khu ds vkfo"dkjd Alexander Bain gSA lR;@vlR; iii) QSDl e'khu esa lk/kkj.k dkxt+ Á;ksx esa ugha yk;k tk ldrkA lR;@vlR; 11

8- fjDr LFkku Hkjsa& i) QSDl ,d e'khu gS ftlds }kjk fp=ksa ;k Nih gqbZ lkexzh dks nwjHkk"k ds ek/;e ls nwj LFkkuksa dks ________ fd;k tkrk gSA ii) QSDl e'khu }kjk nLrkost Hkstus ls ___________ gksus dk [krjk ugha jgrk gSA

8-5

nÙk dk;Z

8-5-1 d{kk dk;Z

(Assignments) (CLASS ASSIGNMENTS)

i) QSDl }kjk Hkstus ds fy, ,d laf{kIr lans'k rS;kj djsaA

8-5-2 x`g dk;Z

(HOME ASSIGNMENTS)

i) nwjHkk"k funsZf'kdk dk voyksdu dhft, rFkk egŸoiw.kZ STD dksM dh lwph rS;kj

dhft,A ii) QSDl dSls Hksth tkrh gS bldk voyksdu dhft, rFkk QSDl e'khu }kjk ,d uewuk

fdlh dks QSDl dhft,A d{kk dk;Z esa rS;kj fd;s x;s laf{kIr lans'k dk Á;ksx dhft,A

8-6

lkjka”k

(Summing Up)

dk;kZy; Lopkyu esa fofHké midj.kksa tSls nwjHkk"k] EPABX rFkk QSDl dk o.kZu mudh cukoV] dk;Z djus dk <ax] vk/kqfud méfr rFkk mi;ksx djus ds {ks= dh ppkZ bl ikB esa dh xbZA ikB esa ;g Hkh crk;k x;k fd fdl Ádkj dk;kZy; dh dk;Z dq'kyrk dks ;g fofHké midj.k c<+kus esa ;ksxnku nsrs gSaA

8-7

Lo;a tkap Á” Á”uksa ds laHkkfor mÙkj (Possible Answers to Self Assessment Questions) 1. xzkge cSy }kjk nwjHkk"k dk vfo”dkj 1876 esa fd;k x;k 2. rhu vko';drk,¡ gSa ¼d½ nwjHkk"k ;a= ¼[k½ lapkj Á.kkyh ¼x½ Lohfpax Á.kkyhA 3. fjDr LFkku Hkjsa & i) tfVy nwjHkk"k usVodZ ii) fQDlM ykbu (fixed line) iii) gSaM lsV ok;jysl 4. nwjHkk"k dk ewy mi;ksx O;fDr;ksa dks ijLij tksM+uk gSA bldk çeq[k :Ik ls ?kjksa]

dk;kZy;ksa] Áfr"Bkuksa rFkk laxBuksa esa mi;ksx yk;k tkrk gSA 5. ok;jysl nwjHkk"k dk ySaMykbu nwjHkk"k ds eqdkcys esa ykHk gS fd ge bldks 100 ehVj

ds {ks= esa mi;ksx dj ldrs gSaA 6. EPABX : Electronic Private Automatic Branch Exchange. 7. fuEufyf[kr dFku lR; gSa ;k vlR;& 12

i) lR; ii) lR; iii) vlR; 8. fjDr LFkku Hkjsa& i) Hkstk ;k VªkalfeV (transmit) ii) [kksus ;k xqe

8-8

vH;klkFkZ Á” Á”u

(Terminal Question)

1. nwjHkk"k dk ÁkFkfed mi;ksx D;k gS\ dkWMZySl nwjHkk"k ;a= ds D;k ykHk gSa\ 2. EPABX D;k gS rFkk blds D;k dk;Z gksrs gSa\ 3. rhu fHké Ádkj dh QSDl e'khuksa ds uke crykb,A QSDl e'khu esa fdl Ádkj dk

dkxt+ Á;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gS\ D;k QSDl e'khu }kjk Áfrfyfi rS;kj dh tk ldrh gS\

8-9

lanHkZ ,oa v/;;u ;ksX; iqLrdsa

(References and Suggested Further Reading) 1. LHP://en. Wikipedia. Org 2. LHP://www. answers. Com

8-10 'kCnkoyh

(Glossary)

1. ySaMykbu VsyhQksu (Landline Telephone)

ySaMykbu Qksu og gksrk gS ftlesa gSM lsV nwjHkk"k ;a= ls rkj }kjk ;k dkMZ }kjk tqM+k gksrk gSA

2. dkWMZysl nwjHkk"k (Cordless Telephone)

dkWMZ ysl Qksu esa gSaM lsV ok;jysl ¼fcuk rkj okyk½ gksrk gS tks Áeq[k ;a= ls rjaxks }kjk tqM+k gksrk gSSA Áeq[k ;a= fLFkj nwjHkk"k ykbu ls tqM+k gksrk gSA

3. eksckby Qksu (Mobile Phone)

blds varxZr lsY;qyj Qksu] lsVkykbZV Qksu rFkk nwj rd pyus okys ÁR;sd oxZ ds Qksu vk,¡xsA ;g jsfM;ks rjaxksa ds usVodZ }kjk csl LVs'ku ls tqM+k gksrk gS tks vkxs ijEijkxr nwjHkk"k usVodZ ls tqM+k gksrk gS rFkk fcuk rkj ds nwj nwj rd dk;Z djrk jgrk gSA

4. lsy@lsyqyj Qksu (Cell/cellular phone)

;g 'kCn vf/kdrj eksckby Qksu ls lacaf/kr gS tks jsfM;ksa rjaxksa (Cellular network) ds usVodZ dk Á;ksx djrs gSaA 13

5. dkWfyax ikVhZ (Calling party / caller)

og O;fDr tks nwjHkk"k dkWy vkjEHk djrk gS dkWfyax ikVhZ dgykrk gSA

6. dkWYM ikVhZ (Called party)

og O;fDr ftldks dky dh tkrh gS dkWYM ikVhZ dgykrk gSA

7. Lkc~LØkbZcj (Subscriber)

og O;fDr ftldks ,d fuf'fpr nwjHkk"k uEcj vkoafVr fd;k tkrk gS Lkc~LØkbZcj dgykrk gSA mls ml nwjHkk"k ds mi;ksx ds fy, ,d fuf'pr jkf'k fdjk, ds :i esa nsuh gksrh gSA

8. nwjHkk"k uEcj (Telephone number)

blds }kjk ,d fo'ks"k O;fDr ds nwjHkk"k dh tkudkjh feyrh gSA nwjHkk"k uEcj dbZ HkkSxksfyd {ks= rFkk usVodZ {ks= dks n'kkZrs gSaA

9. Mk;y Vksu (Dial tone)

nwjHkk"k ds fjlhoj dks mBkus ls ,d yxkrkj /ofu lqukbZ nsrh gS ftls Mk;y Vksu ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA ;g /ofu nwjHkk"k ds Bhd gksus dh lwpd gksrh gSA

10. vkWVksesfVM fjMk;y (Automated Redial)

;g lqfo/kk }kjk vafre nwjHkk"k uEcj dks iqu% Mk;y djus esa Á;qDr gksrh gSA bl cVu dks nckus ls og uEcj iqu% Mk;y gks tkrk gSA

11. dkWy QkWoZfMax (Call Forwarding)

bl lqfo/kk }kjk ;fn Mk;y fd, x, uEcj ij dkWYM ikVhZ u gkss rks vkus okyh dkWy dks nwljs nwjHkk"k uEcj ij LFkkaf=r fd;k tk ldrk gSA

12. dkWy osfVax (Call Waiting)

;g ,d ladsr gksrk gS ftlds }kjk ;fn dkWYM ikVhZ O;Lr gks rks mls ladsr feyrk gS fd dksbZ nwljh dkWy vk jgh gSA

13. dkWyj vkbZ Mh (Caller ID)

dkWfyax ikVhZ ds nwjHkk"k dh igpku dkWYM ikVhZ ds nwjHkk’k ij n'kkZus okys ;a= dks dkWyj vkbZ Mh dgrs gSaA

14. dkWUÝsal dkWy (Conference call)

bl lqfo/kk }kjk dkWy djus okyk nwjHkk"k ls vf/kd O;fDr;ksa ls ,d lkFk ckr dj ldrk gS rFkk nwljh ikVhZ dks gksYM (hold) Hkh djk ldrk gSA

15. gSaM Ýh@Lihdj Qksu (Hands Free or Speaker Phone)

dqN nwjHkk"k ;a=ksa esa ;g lqfo/kk gksrh gSA blds }kjk gSaM Ýh cVu nckus ls vkus okyh vkokt+ Lihdj }kjk fcuk gSaM lsV mBk, lquh tk ldrh gS rFkk ,d ekbØksQksu }kjk vkidh vkokt+ Hkh nwljh ikVhZ dks fcuk gSaM lsV mBk;s igq¡p tkrh gSA

16. ,l Vh Mh@vkbZ ,l Mh lsok (STD / ISD services)

bl lqfo/kk }kjk nwjHkk"k /kkjd nwljs 'kgjksa esa ckr dj ldrs gSaA ,l Vh Mh vius gh ns'k esa dkWy djus dh lqfo/kk gS rFkk vkbZ ,l Mh vUrnZs'kh; dky djus dh lqfo/kk dks dgrs gSaA

17. VsyhQksu Mk;jsDVªh (Telephone Directory)

;g ,d iqfLrdk gksrh gS ftlesa lHkh nwjHkk"k xzkgdksa ds uke rFkk irs fy[ks gksrs gSaA ;g o.kZØe ls (alphabetical) ukeksa dks foLrkj ls n'kkZrh gS rFkk Hkfo"; esa fdlh O;fDr dk nwjHkk"k uEcj tkuus ds fy, Á;ksx dh tk ldrh gSA

18. Qksu bUMsDl (Phone Index)

,d O;fDrxr Mk;jh gksrh gS ftlesa o.kZØe ls nwjHkk"k uEcj rFkk irs fy[ks tkrs gSa ftUgsa ckj ckj laidZ djus dh vko';drk iM+rh jgrh gSA

19. Qksu ,fVdsV (Phone etiquette)

nwjHkk"k ij ckr djrs le; fof'k"V 'kSyh dk Á;ksx djuk pkfg,] Qksu ,fVdsV dgykrk gSA tSls dky ds vkjaHk esa vfHkoknu djuk] vkl ikl ds 'kksj ls cpuk] yxkrkj FkksM+s tckc nsrs jguk ftlls nwljs O;fDr dks Kkr gks fd vki vkus okyh dkWy dks lqu jgs gSaA

EPABX ds lanHkZ esa cgqr ifjHkk"kk,¡ Á;ksx esa ykbZ tkrh gSa fQj Hkh EPABX dk uke fuEu dks

n'kkZrk gSA 20. bysDVkWsfud (Electronic)

D;ksafd blesa fLofpax bysDVkWfud :i esa gksrh gS blfy, bysDVªkWfud 'kCn dk Á;ksx gksrk gSA

21. ÁkbosV (Private)

bl Ádkj dk ,Dlpsat O;fDrxr gksrh gS rFkk BSNL/MTNL tks ljdkjh (government) miØe gS ls mldk laca/k ugha gksrkA 15

22. vkWVksesfVd (Automatic)

;fn fLofpax iw.kZr% vkWVksesfVd gksrh gS vFkkZr lc fØ;k,¡ Lor% gksrh gS rc bl 'kCn dk Á;ksx gksrk gSA

23. czkap (Branch)

EPABX ,d NksVs uewus ij eq[;

lkoZtfud ,Dlpsat gksrk gSA ;g ykbuksa }kjk eq[; dsUæ ls tqM+k gksrk gS rFkk blesa fofHké ,DLVsU'kuksa ds :i esa czkfpax gksrh gSA bl Ádkj ;g eq[; ,Dlpsat dh ,d czkap ;k 'kk[kk gksrh gS blfy;s czkap 'kCn dk Á;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA 24. ,Dl~psat (Exchange)

;gk¡ ij lwpuk dk vknku Ánku gksrk gS ftlls fLofpax ÁfØ;k laié gksrh gS blfy, bl esu ckWDl dks ,Dlpsat dgk tkrk gSA

25. Vªad ykbZUt+ (Trunk Lines)

EPABX dks lalkj ls tksM+us ds

fy, tks ykbuas eq[; lkoZtfud nwjHkk"k dsaæ rd tkrh gSa mUgsa Vªad ykbZu~t+ dgk tkrk gSA 26. ,DlVsa'ku (Extensions)

;g vkarfjd nwjHkk"k gksrs gSa tks miHkksDrk ds LFkku ij yxs gksrs gSaA mldk dh cksMZ (key board) dh lgk;rk ls vkarfjd ,oa cká nwjHkk"k dky fd;k tk ldrk gSA

27. bUVjdkWe Á.kkyh (Intercom system)

;g ,d Á.kkyh gS ftlds }kjk ,d laLFkku esa ,d foHkkx ls nwljs foHkkx esa Qksu }kjk okrkZyki dh tk ldrh gSA ;g nks Ádkj dh gksrh gSA igys okyh bysDVªksesdsfudy i)fr }kjk pyrh Fkh vkSj vc okyh mlh ds leku bysDVkWfud i)fr }kjk fØ;k djrh gSA

28. dSfcusV ;k esu ckWDl

enj cksMZ ij fHké&fHké gSA ;g dgykrs

(Cabinet or the Main Box)

29. enj cksMZ (Mother Board)

eq[; cksMZ gksrk gS ftl

dkMksZa dk LFkku cuk gksrk lc feydj dsfcusV gSaA bl ij CPU, EPABX ds vU; dkMZ yxk, tkrs gSaA ;g esu cksMZ gksrk gSA blesa vusd LFkku gksrs gSa ftuesa lHkh dkMZ yxk, tk ldrs gSaA blesa gh CPU, Vªad (Trunk) dkMZ rFkk ,DlVsa'ku dkMZ yxrs gSaA 16

30. CPU

;g og ekWM~;wy (module) gS ftl ij Á.kkyh ds lHkh Ádkj dh lwpuk,¡ jgrh gS rFkk eq[; ekbØksÁkslslj (micro processor) Hkh blh ij yxk gksrk gSA ekbØksÁkslslj }kjk gh fLofpax LihM rFkk MkVk Ákslsl dUVªksy gksrk gSA orZeku esa blds fy, 32 Kbps dk fpi (chip) Á;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gSA blds vfrfjDr CPU (central processing unit) esa Áksxzke fu;a=d Hkh gksrk gS tks fHké fHké Ádkj dh ,Dlpsat esa vyx&vyx gksrk gS rFkk ,Dlpsat dk iwjk MkVk rFkk lkW¶Vos;j Áksxzke blh esa lajf{kr gksrk gSA ;g EPROM ;k gkbZ fMLd ds :Ik esa ;k orZeku esa eYVhehfM;k dkMZ (multimedia card) esa gks ldrk gSA

31. ikoj lIykbZ ;wfuV (PSU)

;g ;wfuV CPU rFkk ,Dlpsat ds vU; eksM~;wYl dks ikoj (power) ;k fo|qr nsrk gSA blds ,d lkbM dks AC esu (mains) rFkk nwljh lkbM dks ,Dlpsat ls tksM+k tkrk gSA ;g ;wfuV Ák;% eq[; ckWDl esa yxk gksrk gSA

32. Vªad dkMZ (Trunk Cards)

bl eksM~;wy ij Vªad ykbu tks ckgj ls vkrh gS dks MDF ds ek/;e ls tksM+k tkrk gSA vr% blds }kjk ckgj tkus okyh rFkk ckgj ls vkus okyh dkWyksa dks :V (route) fd;k tkrk gSA ;g dkMZ 4] 8]16 ykbu ds gks ldrs gSaA

33. ,DlVsa'ku dkMZ (Extension Cards)

bu dkMksZa ij MDF ds ek/;e ls vkarfjd ,DlVsa'ku dks tksM+k tkrk gSA ;g 4] 8] 16] 24] ;k 32 ykbu ds gks ldrs gSaA

34. MDF(Main Distribution Frame)

;g ,d Ýse gksrk gS ftl ij ckgj ls vkus okys Vaªd ykbu rFkk ,DlVsa'ku ds fy, Á;qDr eYVhdksj (multicore) ds dscy VehZusV (terminate) gksrs gSaA MDF ij ,d vksj ,Dlpsat+ ls vkus okys eYVhdksj dscy rFkk nwljh vksj ckgj tkus okys dscy VehZusV gksrs gSaA

35. vkWijsVj dUlksy (Operator Console)

bl midj.k ij vkus okys ;k ,DlVsa'ku okyksa dk LVsVl (status) fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA blls vkWijsVj dkWy Ă kIr djds mls okafNr ,DlVsa'ku dks Hkstrk gSA