103-L-2-h by mayank govil

2- MªkWbax ds midj.k ,oa rduhd&II rduhd (TOOLS AND TECHNIQUE OF DRAWING II) fiNys ikB esa vkius] MªkWbax ds fy, vko”;d ekSfyd midj.kksa ds ckjs esa lh[kk ijUrq D;k vkius dHkh Hkh MªkWbax vFkok MªkWbax ds vfrfjDr vU; oLrq dks cukus ds fy, ,d cgqr gh vk/kkjHkwr ,oa cgqr vko”;d midj.k ds ckjs esa lkspk gS\ th gk¡] ;g vkidk gkFk gSA blfy, bl ikB esa vki lh[ksaxs fd vki fdl Ádkj vius gkFk dk Á;ksx] ,d O;kid :i esa dj ldrs gSaA lkFk gh lkFk] vki bl ikB esa] MªkWbax esa ncko ,oa fu;a=.k dk Á;ksx Hkh lh[k tk;saxsA

2-0 mÌs mÌ”s ; bl ikB dks i<+us ds ckn] vki fUkEufyf[kr dks tku ik;saxs % • gkFk] ,d O;kid midj.k gS] vkSj ck¡g] vxzckag] gkFk ,oa vaxqfy;ksa] esa fofHkUu vk;keksa rd igq¡pus ,oa fofHkUu lEHkkoukvksa dks iwjk djus dh {kerk gksrh gSA • MªkWbax esa ncko ,oa fu;a=.k dk Á;ksx] • ncko] fofHkUu Ádkj ds midj.kksa ds Á;ksx] js[kkvksa ds chp esa lgh LFkku] fcUnq vFkok f?kls gq;s {ks=ksa ds Á;ksx ls] fofHkUu rduhdksa }kjk xgjs ls gYds] ;k gYds ls xgjs dk Lrj ÁkIr dj ldrs gSaA

2-1 izLrkouk fiNys ikB] *MªkWbax ds midj.k ,oa rduhd&I^ esa vkius /;ku fd;k gksxk fd] isfUly ls js[kk,sa cukrs le;] vkidk gkFk ?kwerk gSA th gk¡] js[kk] odz vFkok MªkWbax esa fdlh Hkh Ádkj dh vaos”k.kk ds fy, vkids gkFkksa dk ?kweuk vko”;d gSA vkids gkFk] vaxqfy;k¡] ;gk¡ rd dh iwjh ck¡g] MªkWbax djus ds Á;kl esa vkids fy;s midj.kksa dk dk;Z djrs gSaA bl vn~Hkqr migkj us] dyk ds dqN cgqr gh lqUnj dk;ksZa dh jpuk dh gSA vkSj bl ikB esa ge budh Js"Brk ds ckjs esa lh[ksaxs fd ge okLro esa dSls dk;Z djrs gSa vkSj budk mi;ksx fdl Ádkj fd;k tk ldrk gSA

2-2 O;kid midj.k midj.k ds :i esa gkFk Lkcls igys ge] lHkh ds gkFkksa esa mifLFkr LokHkkfod ÁfrHkk ,oa ;ksX;rk ds ckjs esa le>us dk Á;kl djsaxsA vkb;s vc ge viuh ckag dks ns[ksaA blds rhu Hkkx gSa% • Åijh ck¡g] dU/kk ls tqM+h gqbZ gSA • vxz ck¡g] dksguh ls tqM+h gqbZ gSA • gkFk] dykbZ ,oa vxz ck¡g ls tqM+k gqvk gS vkSj blesa 5 vaxqfy;k¡ gSaA gkFk gekjk eq[; vkf/kdkfjd midj.k gS] ;g vaxqfy;ksa dh lgk;rk ls dk;Z djrk gS] blesa eqYk:i ls rhu tksM+ gksrs gSa& dykbZ] dksguh] ,oa dU/kkA MªkWbax dh xfrfof/k;ksa dks ;k rks ,d tksM+ ls vFkok ,d ls vf/kd tksM+ksa ds la;kstu ls fd;k tk ldrk gSA fofHkUu tksM+ksa dh xfrfof/k;k¡ MªkWbax esa fofHkUu Ádkj ds ifj.kkeksa dks Ánku djrh gSA ÁR;sd tksM+ dh xfrfof/k esa le>us ;ksX; lcls vko”;d ckr ;g gS fd ÁR;sd tksM+ dh viuh vyx fo”ks"krk ,oa ;ksX;rk gSA ljy MªkWbax vaos"k.kkvksa (explorations) }kjk gkfu dh xfrfof/k;ksa dks le>k tk ldrk gSA 1

js[kkvksa ds cukus esa fd;s x;s Á;klksa dk v/;;u djsaA vaxqfy;ksa ds lkFk euq’; dk gkFk] MªkWbax ds fy, vko”;d fu;a=.k dks ikus dh iwjh lEHkkoukvksa dh Js.kh dks ÁLrqr djrk gSA MªkWbax djus dh ;ksX;rk dks ljyrk ls ÁkIr djus ds fy,] fofHkUu Ádkj ls gkFk dks ?kqekus dk vH;kl djsaA

2-3 MªkWbax esa ncko ,oa fu;a=.k dk iz;ksx midj.kksa dks le>us dk ,d vkSj vko”;d n`f"Vdks.k gS] midj.k ds ncko ,oa fu;a=.k dk Á;ksxA MªkWbax esa fdlh Hkh lrg dh 'ksfMax (shading) vFkok fQfyax (filling) djrs le;] budk v/;;u cgqr mi;ksxh gSA lHHko ifj.kkeksa dks le>us ds fy,] vki isfUly] isu ,oa cz”k dks fofHkUu nckoksa ds lkFk Á;ksx dj ldrs gSaA ,d 'khV (sheet) ij] ,d gh fujarj js[kk ij fofHkUu nckoksa }kjk isfUly dk Á;ksx djsa ¼afp= 2-1½A cz”k dk Hkh blh Ádkj Á;ksx djsa ¼fp= 2-2½A blh fujUrj js[kk ij] isfUly ,oa cz”k ls] fofHkUu nckoksa }kjk] ljy] ?kqekonkj js[kk,sa cuk,sa ¼fp= 2-3 ,oa 2-4½A

fp= 2-1 isfUly ds fofHkUu nckoksa }kjk fujarj js[kk,sa

fp= 2-3 isfUly ds fofHkUu nckoksa }kjk ?kqekonkj js[kk,sa

fp= 2-2 cz’k ds fofHkUu nckoksa }kjk fujarj js[kk,sa

fp= 2-4 cz’k ds fofHkUu nckoksa }kjk fujarj js[kk,sa

vc rd vkius MªkWbax ds midj.kksa ds ekSfyd fl)kUrksa ds ckjs esa i<+k ftlesa gekjk gkFk lcls cM+k lgk;d gSA fdlh Hkh midj.k ds ncko] ,oa fu;a=.k dk Á;ksx gesa 'ksM ds fofHkUu Lrjksa ds ckjs esa crkrk gS] tks lEHkor% ,d midj.k ds Á;kl ls Hkh ÁkIr fd;s tk ldrs gSaA ckn esa vkidh MªkWbax dh vaos"k.kkvksa esa lrg fooj.k ds Án”kZu esa bl rF; ds Á;ksx dks vki le> ik;saxsA vkb;s vc foLrkj ls le>rs gSa fd bls isfUly ls dSls ÁkIRk fd;k tk ldrk gSA 'ksM ds fofHkUu Lrj ÁkIr djus ds fy, 3 fofHkUu fof/k;ka gSa% I. isfUly ;k isu ;k cz”k ij fofHkUu nckoksa dk Á;ksx II. isfUly ds fofHkUu Lrjksa dk iz;ksx III. VsDLpj nksgjkuk ,oa vf/kd dk;Z djuk&gSfpax ,oa ØkWl gSfpax] fLVifyax] isu vFkok isfUly ds Á;ksx }kjkA 2

Lo;a fujh{k.k iz”u 1- ck¡g ds eq[; Hkkx dkSu&dkSu ls gSa\ uke crk,aA 2- 'ksM ds fofHkUu Lrj izkIr djus dh 3 fof/k;k¡ dkSu lh gSa\ _______________________________________________________

2-3-1 isfUly ij fofHkUu nckoksa dk iz;ksx fdlh Hkh MªkWbax dk lEiw.kZ Á;ksx djus esa gekjk gkFk l{ke gSA midj.k ij ncko dk Á;ksx fofHkUu ,oa :fpdj ifj.kke Ánku djrk gSA eq[;r% nks Ádkj ds ifj.kke laEHko gSa% fofHkUu Ádkj ds LysVh 'ksM ÁkIr djus ds fy, isfUly ij fofHkUUk nckoksa ds Á;ksx ls js[kk,a cukdj ¼fp= 2-5½

fp= 22-5 isfUly ij fofHkUu nckoksa dk iz;ksx

isfUly ij fofHkUu nckoksa ds iz;ksx ls cuh js[kk,sa ,d lrg ij LysVh jax dk /kCck (shaded patch of grey) ÁkIr djus ds fy,] isfUly ls ,d {ks= dks f?kldj ¼fp= 2-6½A

fp= 22 -6 isfUly ls f?klk gqvk {ks=] LysVh jax ds fofHkUu “ksM fn[kkrs gSaA

2-3-22 isfUly ds fofHkUu Lrjksa dk Á;ksx djds%& Tkc vki iasfUly ds Lrjksa dks cnysaxs] vkidks LysVh jax ds lEiw.kZ u;s 'ksM ÁkIr gks tk,asxsA ¼fp= 2-7½

fp= 2-7 isfUly ds fofHkUu Lrjksa }kjk f[kaph gqbZ js[kk,as

2-3-3 VsDl~ ~pj pj~ nksgjkuk ,oa vf/kd dk;Z djuk lpj~ ,d lrg ds {ks= ij isfUly }kjk f?klus ls ÁkIr fofHkUu 'ksMksa dks vkSj vf/kd le>us ds fy,] ,d lrg dks ikl ikl f[kaph js[kkvksa vFkok fcUnqvksa }kjk <dk tk ldrk gSaA ,slk ÁkIr djus ds fy, dqN rduhdsa gSa&

gSfpax (HATCHING)%& bl rduhd esa] ikl ikl fujarj] ,oa lekukUrj js[kkvksa ds LVªksDl (strokes) [khapsa tkrs gSa ¼fp= 2-8½A ;s fdlh Hkh fn”kk esa [khpsa tk ldrs gSa] ftUgsa ge vklkuh ls MªWk dj ldrs gSaA fofHkUu Lrjkas ds 'ksM dh jpuk ds fy,] dk;Z {ks= esa isfUly dk ncko ,dleku ,oa fu;af=r gksuk pkfg,A

fp= 22-8 isfUly }kjk gSfpax

ØkWl&gSfpax (CROSS HATCHING):& bl rduhd esa] gSfpax dh gqbZ lrg ij] ,d ;k vf/kd dks.kksa ij ØkWl js[kkvksa dk Á;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ¼fp= 2-9½A bl Á;ksx esa ] bl rduhd }kjk xgjs 'ksM ds Lrj ÁkIr gksrs gSaA

ii)

fp= 22-9 isfUly }kjk ØkWl& gSfpax

fLVifyax (STIPPLING):& bl rduhd esa] lrg ij “ksfMax nsus ds fy,] ;k rks cgqr ikl ¼fp= 2-10 isfUly }kjk fLVifyax½ ;k fQj cgqr nwj fcUnq yxk;s tkrs gSaA ¼fp= 2-10½ ikl yxk;s fcUnq xgjk 'ksM Ánku djrs gSa] tcfd nwj yxk;s fcUnq gYdk 'ksM Ánku djrs gSaA gYds ls xgjs Lrj dh fLVifyax 10 lseh 5 lseh ds [kkus esa dh tk ldrh gSaA blh Ádkj] xgjs ls gYds Lrj dk Hkh Á;kl djsaA /;kuiwoZd v/;;u djsa vkSj ns[ksa fd [kkus ds e/; rd vki yxHkx e/;e LysVh 'ksM dk Lrj ÁkIr dj ysaxsA

iii)

fp= 2fUly }kjk fLVifyax 2-10 isfUly

Lo;a tk¡p Á” Á”u 3- 'ksfMax ds fy, lk/kkj.kr% fdrus Ádkj dh isfUly miyC/k gS\ dsoy muds uEcj crkb,A 4- fuEufyf[kr ij fVIi.kh fyf[k,%& i) gSfpax ii) ØkWl gSfpax iii) fLVifyax

5- lrg {ks= dh MªkWbax esa fQfyax ,oa 'ksfMax esa D;k mi;ksfxrk gksrh gS\ 6- isfUly ls MªkWbax djrs le; ] LysVh jax ds 'ksM cnyus dh dkSu lh laHko fof/k;k¡ gSa\ _______________________________________________________

Xkfrfof/k

1- 1@4 bEihfj;y dkfVZt 'khV ij 3 lsc cuk,] vkSj muesa 2 B isfUly ds Á;ksx ls ] gSfpax ] ØkWl gSfpax ,oa fLVifyax }kjk 'ksM Hkfj,

2-4 nŸk dk;Z 2-4-1 d{kk dk;Z ,d lrg ij ] isfUly ds MªkWbax midj.k ds :Ik esa Á;ksx ls js[kk ds :Ik esa fofHkUu 'ksM ÁkIr djus dks vkSj csgrj le>us ds fy,] ,d cM+h lrg ij fuEufyf[kr Ádkj ls vH;kl djsa%& 1@2 bEihfj;y dkfVZt 'khV ij 2B isfUly ds Á;ksx ls fuEufyf[kr dks ?kqek dj js[kk,a cuk,a%& • dsoy dykbZ dk tksM+] • dsoy dksguh dk tksM]+ • dsoy dwYgs dk tksM+]

vkjEHk djsa%& • Vscy@ cksMZ lrg ij ckag ,oa dykbZ dks j[ksaA ftlls dsoy dykbZ ds tksM+ dks ?kqek;k tk ldsA js[kk,sa cuk,saA • vxyk lrg ij dksguh dks j[ksa dykbZ dks lh/kk j[ksaA js[kk,a cukus ds fy,] dksguh ds tksM+ dk Á;ksx djsA • vxyk lrg ij ls iwjh ckag dks mBk,a] dykbZ dks jksdks vkSj dksguh dks lh/kk j[ksaA js[kk,a cukus ds fy, dwYgs ds tksM+ dk Á;ksx djsaA ii)

• • • • •

iii)

,d 2B isfUly ysaA vkSj ,d vkM+h 1@4 bEihfj;y 'khV ij ns[ksa fd] fdl Ádkj isfUly ij fofHkUu nckoksa ds Á;ksx ls LysVh ds fofHkUu 'ksM dh Js.kh dks ÁkIr fd;k tk ldrk gSA Ýh gS.M js[kk,a cuk,a] ÁR;sd dks fofHkUu ncko ds lkFkA vkjEHk ls var rd] fofHkUu nckoksa ls vkjEHk djsa] vkSj tSls tSls js[kk c<+rh tk,] ncko c<+krs tk,saA isfUly dsk gYdk frjNk djds] lrg {ks= dks gkFk ds gYds ncko ls fuajrj f?kls] yxHkx 10 lseh 5 lseh ds [kkus esaA blh 'khV ij] blh Ádkj ds /kCcksa dk ] cnyrs ,oa c<+rs gq;s nckoksa ds lkFk vH;kl djsaA fofHkUu Lrjksa dks ÁkIr djus ds fy, ] de ls de 5 ls 10 ,sls Á;kl djsaA tSls tSls ge vkxs c<+rs tk;saxs] isfUly dks ckj ckj Nhyus dh vko”;drk iM+ ldrh gS /;ku j[ksa] fd isfUly cgqr vf/kd u f?klsA ;g /;ku fn;k tk ldrk gS] fd isfUly ij ncko ftruk vf/kd gksxk] 'ksM mruk gh xgjk gksxkA

vkM+h j[kh 1@4 beihfj;y vFko dkfVZt 'khV ij] d{kk dk;Z dh Hkakfr dk;Z djs] ftlesa 3&4 fofHkUu Lrjksa dh isfUlyksa dk Á;ksx djsa ] tSls& HB,2B, 4B, 6B • isfUly dk fofHkUu nckoksa }kjk Øekxr Á;ksx djds] ck;s ls nka;s lh/kh js[kk,a cuk;saA igys dh Hkakfr] js[kkvksa dks muds xq.kksa dks le>us ds vuqlkj cuk,aA • 'ksM ds fofHkUu Lrjksa dks le>us ds fy;s] Åij ls uhps] isfUly ij fuajrj fofHkUu nckoksa ds Á;ksx ls 10 lseh 5 lseh ds vkdkj esa f?kls vkSj /kCcs cukb,A 5

• ÁR;sd fHkUu isfUly ds vH;kl ds lkFk] Á;kl djsa vSkj ,d gh ncko dk Á;ksx djsaA • 'ksM ds fofHkUu Lrj] tSlk fd vki ns[ksaxs] isfUly ds fofHkUu Lrjksa dk Á;ksx djds ÁkIr fd;s tk ldrs gSaA

2-4-2 x`g dk;Z i)

1@4 bEihfj;y] dkfVZt 'khV ij] 10 lseh 5 lseh ds vkdkj esa 2B isfUly dk Á;ksx djds] cuk,sa%& • de ls de 4 fofHkUu Lrjksa esa gSfpax • de ls de 4 fofHkUu Lrjksa esa ØkWl gSfpax • mij ls uhps fn”kk esa] fofHkUu nckoksa dk Á;ksx djds gYds ls xgjs 'ksM ds Lrjksa dks ÁkIr djus ds fy,] gSfpax ,oa ØkWl gSfpaxA

2-5 lkjka”k vius bl v/;;u esa] isfUly ds ,d vkSj Á;ksx dks /;ku ls ns[kk ,oa le>k] bl ckj iwjh lrg ij 'ksM ÁkIr djus ds fy,A ;kn djus ;ksX; dqN eq[; fcUnq gSa%& • MªkWbax midj.kksa ds ewyHkwr fl)kUrksa dks le>uk] ftlesa iw.kZ :Ik ls gekjk gkFk lgk;d gSA • dqN Hkh MªkW djus ds fy, ] euq"; dk gkFk] vaxqfy;ksa ds lkFk] fu;=a.k ikus dh laHkkoukvkas dh lEiw.kZ Js.kh Ánku djrk gSA • js[kk cukrs ;k lrg {ks= dh 'ksfMax djrs le; ] tc vki midj.kksa tSls fd isfUly ij ncko dk Á;ksx djrs gSa] vkidks 'ksM ds lHkh laHko Lrj dh ÁkfŸk gksrh gSA • js[kk cukus ,oa 'ksfMax djus ds Á;klksa dk /;kuiwoZd v/;;uA

2-6 Lo;a Lo;a tk¡p Á” Á”uksa ds lEHkkfor lEHkkfor mRrj 1- ck¡g& blds rhu Hkkx gSa% • Åijh ck¡g] da/ks ls tqM+h gqbZ gS • vxz ck¡g] dksguh ls tqM+h gqbZ gS • gkFk] dykbZ ,oa vxz ck¡g ls tqM+k gqvk gS vkSj blesa 5 vaxqfy;k¡ gSaA 2- 'ksM ds fofHkUu Lrj Lrj izkIr djus ds fy, 3 fofHkUu fof/k;ka gSa% • isfUly ;k isu ;k cz”k ij fofHkUu nckoksa dk iz;ksx djds • isfUly ds fofHkUu Lrjksa dk iz;ksx • VsDLpj nksgjkuk ,oa vf/kd dk;Z djuk&gSfpax ,oa ØkWl gSfpax] fLVifyax] isu vFkok isfUly ds iz;ksx }kjkA 3- 2H, HB,2B, 4B, vkSj 6B 4i) gSfpax (Hatching)%& bl rduhd esa] ikl ikl fujarj] ,oa lekukUrj js[kkvksa ds LVªksDl (strokes) [khapsa tkrsa gSa ii) ØkWl&gSfpax (Cross Hatching):& bl rduhd esa] gSfpax dh gqbZ lrg ij] ,d ;k vf/kd dks.kksa ij ØkWl js[kkvksa dk Á;ksx fd;k tkrk gSaA 6

iii) fLVifyax (stippling):& bl rduhd esa] lrg ij 'ksfMax nsus ds fy,] ;k rks cgqr ikl ¼fp= 2-10 isfUly }kjk fLVifyax½ ;k fQj cgqr nwj fcUnqvksa dks yxk;k tkrk gSA 5- VsDLpj nksgjkuk vkSj vf/kd dk;Z djukA 6- isfUly ls MªkWbZax djrs le; LysVh jax ds “ksM cnyus dh fof/k;ka • isfUly dk fofHkUu nckoksa }kjk Øekxr Á;ksx djds] ck;s ls nka;s lh/kh js[kk,a cuk;saA igys dh Hkakfr] js[kkvksa dks muds xq.kksa dks le>us ds vuqlkj cuk,aA • 'ksM ds fofHkUu Lrjksa dks le>us ds fy;s] Åij ls uhps] isfUly ij fuajrj fofHkUu nckoksa ds Á;ksx ls 10 lseh 5 lseh ds vkdkj esa f?kls vkSj /kCcs cukb,A • ÁR;sd fHkUu isfUly ds vH;kl ds lkFk] Á;kl djsa vSkj ,d gh ncko dk Á;ksx djsaA • 'ksM ds fofHkUu Lrj] tSlk fd vki ns[ksaxs] isfUly ds fofHkUu Lrjksa dk Á;ksx djds ÁkIr fd;s tk ldrs gSaA

2-7 vH;klkFkZ vH;klkFkZ iz”u 1- isfUly ls MªkW djrs le; 'ksM cnyus dh dkSu lh lEHko fof/k;k¡ gSa\ 2- gkFk ds dkSu ls rhu eq[; Hkkx gSa\

2-8 lanHkZ ,oa v/;;u ;ksX; iqLrdsa 1.

Anonymous. 2006. The Complete Guide to Drawing and Painting. Quantum Publishing Ltd. London.

Narvekar. S. 1996. Learn Pencil Shading. Navneet Publications (India) Ltd, Mumbai.

Wood, J.R. 1992. Handbook of Illustration. Design Press, New York.

2-9 'kCnkoyh 1- vaos"k.kk & v/;;u] vuqla/kku o [kkst 2- LVªksd & dye ;k cz”k vkfn ls cuk fu”kku