103-L-8-h

8- lfCt;k¡ vkSj Qy (VEGETABLES AND FRUITS) Qwy ekuo tkfr ds fy, ç—fr ds }kjk fn;k x;k lcls vkd"kZd migkj gSaA Qwyksa dk laca/k thou esa feyus okyh [kq”kh ls gksrk gSA Qwyksa ds lEeksfgr djus okys jax] dBksj ls dBksj O;fDr ds eq[k ij eqLdqjkgV yk nsrs gSa vkSj Qwyksa ds fp=ksa dk Hkh ;gh çHkko iM+rk gSA fiNys ikB esa vkius Qwyksa] ifÙk;ksa vkSj Qyksa dks ikS/ks ij O;ofLFkr djus dk <ax ¼uewuk½ lh[kkA bl ikB esa vki Qyksa vkSj lfCt;ksa dks cukus dk rjhdk lh[ksaxsA

8-0 mís”; bl ikB dks i<+us ds ckn vki fuEufyf[kr dks le>us esa l{ke gksaxs% • oLrq dk nzO;eku (mass) vkSj vk;ru (volume)A • fofHkUu ek/;eksa }kjk Qyksa ds fp=ksa dh [kkst djukA • Qyksa dh ewy vk—fr;ksa dks le>uk ,oa nks vk;keksa (dimensions) okys fp=ksa dks Nk;k Ádk”k o jaxksa dh lgk;rk ls rhu vk;keksa ds fp=ksa esa cnyukA

8-1 çLrkouk Qwyksa ds ckn vc vkb;s vU; çk—frd oLrq,¡ tks gesa LokLFk o vkuUn çnku djrh gSa] mudk v/;;u djsaA ;s gSa Qy o lfCt;k¡A ç—fr cgqr fo”kky gS] blesa fofHkUu jaxksa dh Qy o lfCt;k¡ ikbZ tkrh gSaA Qy o lfCt;k¡ fp=.k ds :fpdj fo"k;ksa esa ls gSaA fiNys ikB esa vkius i<+k fd lHkh Qy o lfCt;ksa dh ljapuk xksy ;k v.Mkdkj gksrh gS ysfdu mudh vkarfjd ljapuk ;k cukoV fHkUu gksrh gSA blfy, ge mUgsa lk/kkj.k T;kferh; xksyk—fr;ksa ds }kjk bUgsa cuk ldrs gSaA bl ikB esa ge lh[ksaxs fd fofHkUu ek/;eksa vkSj midj.kksa dk ç;ksx djds bu lqanj oLrqvksa dks vf/kd çk—frd :i fdl çdkj çnku djrs gSaA

8-2 Qy ,oa lfCt;k¡ (FRUITS AND VEGETABLES) Qy vkSj lfCt;ksa esa nªO;eku (mass) vkSj vk;ru (volume) gksrk gSA ;s Bksl oLrq,¡ gksrh gSa] tSlk fd Qwy vkSj ifÙk;ksa esa ugha gksrk gSA ifÙk;k¡ cgqr iryh vkSj lery gksrh gSa ;k ge dg ldrs gSa fd nks vk;ke dh gksrh gS tcfd Qwy vius rRoksa tSls ia[kqM+h] iq"i dslj vkSj MaMh ds lfEeJ.k vkSj LFkku fu/kZkj.k ds dkj.k rhu vk;keh gksrs gSaA Qy vkSj lfCt;ksa ds fp=.k esa ckgjh :ijs[kk vkSj Nk;k Ádk”k bl çdkj dk gksuk pkfg, fd mlesa vk;ru (volume) vkSj nzO;eku (mass) dk irk yxsA bu lc esa Nk;k Ádk”k dk egRoiw.kZ LFkku gSA vkius /;ku fn;k gksxk fd lfCt;k¡ eq[;r% lQsn] gjh esa rFkk dHkh&dHkh yky vkSj cSaxuh jax dh Hkh gksrh gSaA Qy lkekU;r% gYdk ihyk] /kkuh] ukjaxh vkSj yky vkfn jaxks esa gksrs gSa ftUgsa ge ÝwVh jax Hkh dg ldrs gSaA jax ftruk vf/kd rkt+k yxsxk] Qy mruk gh vf/kd rkt+k gksxkA 1

vkb, vc Qy vkSj lfCt;k¡ cukus dh fofHkUu rduhdksa dh [kkst djsa vkSj mls thoarrk çnku djsaA

8-3 Qyksa o lfCt;ksa ds vkdkj (FORMS OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES) vkb, Qyksa ds lewg dk fp= fp= cuk,a% Qy ,oa lfCt;ksa dks fpf=r djrs le; ,d dykdkj dks bl ckr dk ges”kk /;ku djuk pkfg, fd mldk oLrq Bksl vkSj rhu vk;keh yxs ¼fp=% 8-1½A oLrq dks fpf=r djus dh fofHkUu voLFkkvksa dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA

8-3-1 Øs;kWUl }kjk fp=.k (DRAWING WITH CRAYONS) i)

IysV vkSj Qyksa dk vkdkj ml ij iM+us okys çdk”k dk fo”ks"k /;ku j[krs gq, gYds gkFk ls fpf=r dj ysuk pkfg, ¼fp=% 8-2½A dykdkj dks vc çdk”k dh fn”kk dk /;ku j[krs gq, Nk;k Ádk”k vkjaHk djuk pkfg,A

ii) çR;sd Qy ds gYds vkSj xk<+s Hkkxksa dks igpkuus dh dksf”k”k

dhft, blls vkidks Qy ds vkdkj dks igpkuus esa lgk;rk feysxhA iii)

fp=% 88 -1

i`"BHkwfe esa xgjs Hkwjs (dark brown) jax ds Ø;kWu dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gS ¼fp=% 8-3½A ,d lkekU; xyrh tks ge esa ls gj dksbZ djrk gS & oLrq dh ckº; lhek js[kk (outline) xk<+h djuk] ftlls fd Nk;k Ádk”k dk çHkko u"V gks tkrk gSA

fp=% 88 -2

fp=% 88 -3

8-3-2 isfUly fUly }kjk fp=.k (DRAWING WITH PENCIL) i) isfUly fp=.k esa] Nk;k (shadow) eq[; Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gS rFkk bldk vkjaHk ls

/;ku j[kuk pkfg,A ii)

oLrq dk ikl ls v/;;u dhft, vkSj gYds gkFk ls ljy vk—fr;k¡ cukb, ftlesa ckn esa foLrkj fd;k tk ldrk gSA ¼fp=% 8-4½

iii) fp= esa fn[kkbZ xbZ uk”kikrh nks o`Ùkksa (circles) ls feydj cuh gS & ,d cM+k

o`Ùk vkSj ,d NksVk o`ÙkA ¼fp=% 8-4½ 2

iv) tc ,d ckj ;s ewy (basic) vk—fr;k¡ cu tk;sa rks uk”kikrh dh xksyk—fr esa

Nk;k Ádk”k nsuk vkjaHk dhft,A ¼fp=% 8-5½

fp=% 88 -5

fp=% 88 -4

8-3-3 jaxksa dk o.kkZRed ç;ksx (USE OF DESCRIPTIVE COLOUR) i) fp=% 8-6 ¼v½ esa nh xbZ vk—fr dks nsf[k;s] vc pkjdksy ls ewy vkdkj cukb,

fp=% 8-6 ¼c½ vkSj mlds ckn jaxksa dk ç;ksx dhft,A

fp=% 88-4 v

fp=% 88-4 c

fp=% 88 -8

fp=% 88 -7

ii) loZçFke vkidks eq[; jax igpkuuk gksxkA iii) jaxksa dks igpkuus ds lkFk&lkFk Vksu (tone) dk Hkh /;ku j[kuk gksxkA iv) jaxksa dks fofHkUu iÙkksaZ }kjk cuk;k tkrk gSA fp= esa /;ku ls nsf[k;s] blesa yVds

gq, insZ dkss BaMs jax] cSaxuh vkSj uhys] vkSj mlds foijhr xeZ jax ihys ds lkFk fn[kk;k x;k gS ¼fp=% 8-7½A fojks/kh Vksu (Tonal contrast) dks lajf{kr (preserve) j[krs gq, jax] iwjh rjg ls fodflr gks x;s gSa vkSj gekjk fp=.k Hkh vc iw.kZ gks x;k gSA ¼fp=% 8-8½

Lo;a tk¡p ç” ç”u 3

1. Qy ,oa lfCt;ksa esa nªO;eku (mass) vkSj vk;ru (volume) gksrk gSA bUgssa vki fp=.k ds }kjk dSls fn[kk,axs\ 2. vki Nk;k Ádk”k dks çHkko”kkyh cukus ds fy, fdl ckr dk /;ku j[ksaxs\ fjä LFkku Hkjaas% 1- Qy lkekU;r% ftu jaxksa esa ik;s tkrs gSa mUgsa ______ jax dgrs gSaA 2 -Qy dh vk—fr dks igpkuus ds fy,] Qy ds ______ vkSj ______ Hkkx dks igpkfu;sA 3- oLrq ij xk<+h ckâ; lhek js[kk (outline) dk ç;ksx djus ls ______ dk çHkko u"V gks tkrk gSA 4- oLrq dk ikl ls v/;;u djus ds i”pkr~ vki ______ vk—fr;ksa dks igys cuk;sa vkSj ckn esa mlesa foLrkj lfEefyr dfj;sA 5- oLrq esa jax dks igpkuusa ds vfrfjä ______ dk Hkh /;ku j[kuk pkfg,A

8-3-4 varjky cukuk (CREATING SPACE) bl fp=.k dk eq[; mís”; xeZ (warm) ,oa BaMs (cool) jaxksa dks igpkuuk gSA jaxksa dh ek=k dks n`<+ djds fp=.k esa xgjkbZ (depth) dk çHkko Mkyk tk ldrk gS ftlls fp=.k ds xq.k (quality) lq/kkjs tk ldrs gSaA varjky cukus ds fofHkUu pj.k% i)

Qyksa ds lewg dh eq[; vk—fr igys cuk;sa vkSj mlds ckn jaxksa dk ç;ksx dfj;sA

ii)

uhys jax esa xgjkbZ dk vuqHko ykus ds fy, dqN ek=k esa ihyk jax yxkuk vko”;d gSA

iii)

vc fp= vPNh çdkj ls cu x;k gS vkSj eq[; jax Hkh mlesa Hkj x;s gSaA

iv)

'kjhQs dk jax lcls egRoiw.kZ Hkkx cu x;k gS tcfd vU; jax bl Hkkx ds foijhr çekf.kd eki gSaA

v)

uhys jax dh ço`fÙk nch gqbZ (recessive) gksrh gS ysfdu bl fo"k; esa ihys jax dk ç;ksx uhys jax dks egRoiw.kZ LFkku çnku dj jgk gSA

;gh fof/k lfCt;ksa ds fp=.k ds fy, Hkh ç;ksx dh tk ldrh gSA

xfrfof/k (ACTIVITY) 1. rhu fofHkUu çdkj ds Qyksa dk isfUly] Ldsp isu vkSj Nk;k Ádk”k ds lkFk v/;;u dfj;sA

8-4 nÙkdk;Z (ASSIGNMENTS) 4

8-4-1 d{kk dk;Z dk; i) rhu fofHkUu çdkj dh lfCt;ksa vkSj muds ØkWl&lsD”ku (cross-section) dks

iasfUly vkSj isu ls cukb;s rFkk mlesa 'ksfMax Hkh dfj;sA lfCt;ksa esa dkyk vkSj lQsn jax Hkfj;s rFkk jax ls Nk;k Ádk”k nhft,A vki Nk;k Ádk”k ds }kjk Qy dk nªO;eku (mass) vkSj mldh lrg dk VsDlpj (texture) fn[kkb;sA mlds ckgjh vkdkj ds }kjk ml Qy ds fof”k’V y{k.kksa dks çnf”kZr dfj;sA ii) ty jax ;k iksLVj jax dh lgk;rk ls iwjs Qy vkSj mlds ØkWl&lsD”ku

(cross-section) dks fn[kkb;sA vkt nks fofHkUu ek/;eksa ls dk;Z djus ij vkidks irk yxsxk fd ,d gh oLrq esa vyx&vyx ek/;e ls dk;Z djus ij dSlk çHkko vkrk gSA

8-4-2 x`gdk;Z rhu fofHkUu çdkj ds Qyksa o lfCt;ksa dks ty jax dh lgk;rk ls 1@4 baihfj;y 'khV ij cukb,A nks 'khV~l tek dfj;sA

8-5 lkjka”k bl ikB esa fofHkUu Qyksa vkSj lfCt;ksa dk js[kkfp= cukus ds mís”; ls o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA fdlh Hkh oLrq esa lthork vkSj LokHkkfodrk fdl çdkj mRiUu dh tk ldrh gS] og lq>ko gSa % i) ii) iii) iv)

Øs;kWUl }kjk fp=.k issafUly }kjk fp=.k jaxksa dk o.kZukRed ç;ksx varjky cukuk

8-6 Lo;a tk¡p Á” Á”uksa ds laHkkfor mŸkj 1. fp=.k djrs le; lfCt;ksa o Qyksa dk nªO;eku (mass) vkSj vk;ru (volume) Nk;k Ádk”k ds }kjk fn[kk;k tk ldrk gSA 2. Qyksa vkSj lfCt;ksa esa Nk;k Ádk”k muds vkdkj dh fn”kk esa gksuk pkfg,A 1- ÝwVh 2- Xkgjs+s] gYds 3- Nk;k Ádk”k 4- Lkk/kkj.k 5- Vksu (tone)

8-7 vH;klkFkZ Á” Á”u (TERMINAL QUESTIONS) 1. Qyksa vkSj lfCt;ksa dh fof/k dks le>kb;sA 2. Qyksa vkSj lfCt;ksa ds fp=.k esa lthork vkSj LokHkkfodrk fdl çdkj yk;saxs\ 5

8-8 lanHkZ ,ao v/;;u ;ksX; iqLrda rdas 1. Anonymous. 2006. The Complete Guide to Drawing and Painting. Quantum Publishing Ltd, London.

2. Dunnigan, D. 1987. Improve Your Painting. Foster Art Service, Inc., California.

3. Foster, W. 1997. The Art of Pastels. Walter Foster Publishing, Inc., California.

4. Powell, W.F. 1997. The Art of Drawing Still Life. Walter Foster Publishing, Inc, California.

8-9 'kCnkoyh 'kCnkoyh 1-lEeksfgr

2-vk;ke 3-lajf{kr

vkdf"kZr djuk yackbZ] {ks= vkfn dk ekiu cuk, j[kuk

6