7 LVsafly cukus dh tkudkjh rFkk fizafVax rduhd (INTRODUCTION TO STENCIL MAKING AND PRINTING TECHNIQUES) LVsafly cukuk rFkk LVsafly }kjk fizafVax djuk vk/kqfud LØhu fizafVax rduhd dh izFke lh<+h gS ftldk o.kZu bl dkslZ ds ikB 13] 14 rFkk 15 esa fd;k tk;sxkA bl ikB esa vkids LVsafly cukus rFkk LVsafly }kjk fizafVax izfØ;k dh tkudkjh nh tk;sxhA vxys nks ikBksa esa LVsafly cukus rFkk mlds }kjk fizafVax djus dh rduhd dks foLrkj ls v/;;u fd;k tk;sxkA
7-0 mÌs’; (Objectives) bl ikB dk v/;;u djus ds i’pkr~ % • • • • •
LVsafly cukus rFkk mlls fizafVax djus dh rduhd dh izkFkfed tkudkjhA LVsafly fizafVax ds fy, iz;ksx fd;s tkus okys midj.k rFkk lkexzh dk o.kZuA LVsafly ds fy, fMt+kbu dk pquko rFkk mldks LVsafly ij cukukA LVsafly ls cus fMt+kbu dks vya—r djukA fHkUu fHkUu oLrqvksa ij LVSafly }kjk fizafVax djukA
7-1 izLrkouk (Introduction) LVsafly cukus ds fy, ,d iryh 'khV dk iz;ksx gksrk gS rFkk fMt+kbu dks dVs gq, Hkkxksa esa jax }kjk fizaV fd;s tkus okyh lkexzh ij vafdr fd;k tkrk gSA LVsafly }kjk dh tkus okyh fizafVax] diM+s dks vya—r djus dh izkFkfed rduhd gSA ;g ,d dyk gS ftlds }kjk ge diM+s ds vfrfjDr vU; lkexzh ij Hkh fMt+kbu fizaV rFkk vya—r dj ldrs gSaA bl ikB esa vki LVsafly cukus dh rduhd rFkk mlds fy, vko’;d midj.kksa dk v/;;u djsaxsA
7-2 ,sfrgkfld rgkfld i`"BHkwfe (Historical Background) LVsafly cukus dh rduhd] ,d izkphu dyk gS tks phu rFkk tkiku ls vkjEHk gqbZ] rFkk fizafVax ds fy, vf/kd iz;qDr gksus okyh fof/k gSA mRrjh vejhdk ds yksxksa esa loZizFke LVsafly }kjk ?kjksa dks vya—r djus dh fof/k vkjEHk dhA
18oha 'krkCnh esa vejhdh okWyisij dk iz;ksx foykflrk ds fy;s tkrk Fkk rFkk /kuh yksx gh bldk [kpZ ogu dj ldrs FksA ;|fi 'kh?kz gh dqN O;fDRk;ksa us dYiuk rFkk FkksMk+ iz;Ru djds ;g ik;k fd ,d LVsafly dks ckj ckj iz;ksx djds ge ,d leku iwjk uewuk rS;kj dj ldrs gSa ;g oSlk gh lqUnj gksxk tSlk fd mRre rduhd }kjk izkIr fd;k tkrk gSA Hkkjr o"kZ esa bl rduhd dk iz;ksx xqIr dky ¼6oha ls 8oha 'krkCnh½esa ik;k tkrk gS] blls igys Hkh ;g rduhd fp=dyk ds fy, iz;ksx esa ykbZ tkrh FkhA eqxy rFkk jktiwr dky esa oLrqvksa dks vya—r djus ds fy, LVsafly rduhd cgqr izfl) FkhA
7-3
vko’;d midj.k ,oa lkexzh (Materials and Tools Required)
LVsafly cukus ds fy, vko’;d midj.k ,oa lkexzh cktkj esa vklkuh ls miyC/k gks tkrs gSa rFkk mudks lgt gh cuk;k tk ldrk gSA
7-3-1 LVsafly fly (The Stencil) LVSafly cukus okyh lkexzh (material) iryh rFkk vklkuh ls dkVs tkus okyh gksuh pkfg,A bl mÌs’; ds fy, fuEufyf[kr oLrqvksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA • • • • • •
dkVZfjt+ 'khV vkbojh 'khV cksaM isij iqjkuh QksVks fQYe ,Dl&js fQYe IykfLVd 'khV
7-3-2 LVSafly dkVus ds fy, midj.k (Devices for Cutting Stencils) • • • • •
isij dVj LVsafly dfVax pkdw ¼7-1½ dSaph jst+j CysM /kkrq dk :yj ¼dkVus ds fy, rFkk lh/kh ykbus cukus ds fy,½ fp= 77- 2 cz’k rFkk LVsafly dkVus ds midj.k
7-3-3 LVsafly }kjk fiazafVax djus ds fy, jax ( Colours for Printing with Stencils)
vk/kqfud —f=e (Synthetic) jaxksa ls izkphu dkyhu izpfyr jaxksa rd jaxksa dh ,d cgqr cMh J`a[kyk gSA buesa ls dqN ,d dk o.kZu vc fd;k tk;sxkA • iksLVj jax% ;s jax ikuh esa ?kqyu’khy gS tks cktkj esa cgqrk;r esa nzo ds :i (liquid form) esa miyC/k gSaA mudks fcuk ikuh Mkys lh/kk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ;fn bu jaxksa dks ydM+h ij iz;ksx djuk gks rks bl ij iksfy;qjsFksu okfuZ’k ds dbZ ysi (coats), jax lw[k tkus ds ckn fd;s tkrs gSa ftlls jax okVjÝwi gks tkrk gS rFkk jax dh ped Hkh c<+ tkrh gSA • ,Øfyd jax%& ;s ikuh esa ?kqyu’khy rFkk ’kh?kz lq[kkus okys jax gSaA tks cM+h J`a[kyk rFkk 'ksM~l esa nzo :i esa miyC/k gSA mudks fcuk ikuh esa feyk;s iz;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gS rFkk ydM+h dks vya—r djus ds fy, iksLVj dyj dh Hkk¡fr iz;ksx esa yk;k tk ldrk gSA • QSfczd jax%& ;s jax izk;% ikuh esa ?kqyu’khy gS rFkk budks xeZ izl S }kjk diM+s dh mYVh rjQ ls iDdk fd;k tkrk gSA QSfczd jaxksa dks Lizs Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gS rFkk LVsafly }kjk Hkh diM+s ij fMt+kbu cukus ds fy, iz;ksx esa yk;k tk ldrk gS ;s jax cgqr eghu 'ksM cuk ldrs gSaA • Xykl jax%& ;s jax ikuh esa ?kqyu’khy gS rFkk vusd jaxksa esa miyC/k gSa tks /kqa/kys 'kh’ks dk izHkko nsrs gaSA • ,sØsfeu fiXesaV jax%& ;s jax ikuh esa ?kqyu’khy ugha gksrs rFkk budk iz;ksx SLN ckbUMj ,oa isLV cukus ds fy, vU; ?kVdksa ds lkFk fd;k tkrk gS ftldk o.kZu ikB 14 esa foLrkj ls fd;k tk;sxkA
7-3-4 jax yxkus ds fy, iz;ksx fd;s tkus okys midj.k (Tools for Applying Paint) • dkWVu iSM% ;s iSM :bZ dh NksVh ckWy dks eksVs lQsn lwrh diM+s esa xkaB yxkdj cuk;s tkrs gSA ;g iSM LVsafly ds dVs gq, Hkkxksa esa isaV yxkus ds fy, lgk;d gksrs gSa ¼fp= 7-2½A fHkUu fHkUu jaxksa ds fy, vyx iSM dk iz;ksx djuk mi;qDr gSA • LVsafly cz’k • dM+s ckyksa okyk cz’k
7-3-5 vU; lkexzh (Other Materials) • • • • • •
fp= 77- 2 dkWVu iSM
'kh’ks dh ,d 'khV tks LVsafly dkVrs le; mlds fy, lrg dk dke djsxhA isafly MªªkWbZax fiu fpidkus okyk Vsi lkQ diM+k iqjkus v[kckj
• • • • •
MªkWbZax isij dkcZu isij xzsQkbV isij Vªsflax isij lQkbZ djus okyk ?kksy tSls ikuh] fLizV vkfn
Lo;a tk¡p iz’u (Self-check Questions) 1- LVsafly fizafVax fof/k esa iz;ksx esa yk;s tkus okys midj.kksa rFkk vko’;d lkexzh dh lwph cukb;sA 2- LVsafly fiazfVax eas iz;ksx fd;s tkus okys ik¡p jaxksa ds uke fyf[k;sA
xfrfof/k (Activity) LVsafly fizafVax esa iz;qDr gksus okys midj.kksa rFkk vko’;d lkexzh ds lqUnj js[kk fp= cukb;s rFkk muds uke fyf[k;sA
7-4 LVsafly cukuk rFkk fizafVax izfØ;k (The Stencil making & Printing Processes) LVsafly cukus rFkk mlls fizafVax djus dh izfØ;k fuEu izdkj ls gksrh gS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
mfpr fMt+kbu dk pquko LVsafly lkexzh ij fMt+kbu cukuk LVsafly dkVuk diM+s ij LVsafly }kjk fizafVax djuk LVsafly rFkk cz’k dh lQkbZ djuk
7-4-1 mfpr fMt+kbu pquuk (Selection of a Design) fMt+kbu iz—fr ;k vius pkjksa vksj ds ifjos’k ;k dksbZ T;ksesfVªªdy iSVuZ ls fy;k tk ldrk gSA Qwy] iRrs] ikS/ks] i{kh ;k i’kq ¼fp= 7-3½] dkVwZu] vkVZ ,oa Øk¶V ls dksb Z uewuk] dksbZ MªkWbZax vkfn lHkh mi;q Dr fMt+k bu gSA vPN
fp= 77- 3 tkuojksa dk Nk;kfp=
fp= 77- 4 Qwyksa okyk fMt+kbu
h fiazfVax ds fy, lqLi"V fMt+kbu ¼fp= 7-4½ ds ifj.kke vf/kd vPNs gksrs gSaA dqN lqLi"V ,oa Øec) fMt+kbu fp= 7-5 esa fn[kk;s x;s gSaA lkQ ,oa lqUnj o.kZekyk v{kj Hkh LVsafly 'khV }kjk 'kh?kzrk rFkk ljyrk ls cuk;k tk ldrk gSA
fp= 77- 5 flfefVªdy fMt+kbu
fMt+kbu ds vkdkj dks NksVk ;k cM+k djus ds fy, QksVksdkWih;j dk iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA
7-4-2 fMt+kbu }kjk LVs LVsafly cukuk (Transfer of the Design) nwljk pj.k fMt+kbu dks Vªsflax isij ;k dkcZu isij }kjk LVsafly dkMZ ij cukuk gSA LVsafly dkMZ mi;qDr isij ;k IykWfLVd esVhfj;y gks ldrk gSA LVsafly esVhfj;y dks 'kh’ks dh 'khV ij ;k xRrs ij fpidk;k tk ldrk gSA blds i’pkr~ dkcZu isij }kjk fMt+kbu dk js[kkfp= LVsafly ij cuk;k tkrk gSA ¼fp= 7-6½
7-43
fp= 77- 6 LVsfUly dkMZ ij fMt+kbu dks Vªsl djuk
fp= 77-7 LVsfUly dkVuk
LVSaf ly ij fM
t+kbu dkVuk (Cutting out the Design on The Stencil) LVSafly ij fMt+kbu cukus ds i’pkr~ vxyk pj.k LVSafly ij cus fMt+kbu dks /;ku iwoZd dkVuk gSA LVSafly dkVrs le; ‘Ties’ ¼ikB 8 esa le>k;k tk;sxk½ rFkk js[kkfp= ds pkjksa vksj pkSM+k ckWMZj NksMuk vko’;d gSA LVSafly 'khV dks dM+h lrg ij j[ksa& tSls 'kh’ks dh 'khV ;k gkMZcksMZ ftlls LVSafly dks ljyrk ls dkVk tk ldsA fMt+kbu dks LVSafly cksMZ ds vkjikj dkVsa] blds fy, LVSafly dVj] ;k jst+j CysM ;k isij dVj dks iz;ksx esa yk;s ¼fp= 7-7½ lkQ rFkk 'kkiZ dV cuk;saA
7-4-4 LVsafly }kjk fizafVax djuk (Printing with the Stencil) vfUre rFkk vR;ar jkspd Hkkx LVSafly }kjk diM+s ij fizafVax gSA blds fy, igys diM+s dks dMh lrg ¼tSls Vscy½ ij etcwrh ls Qsyk dj dkVu iSfMax ;k LVSafly cz’k ;k nk¡r lkQ djus okys cz’k dh lgk;rk ls jax Hkjs tkrs gSaA bues ls fdlh Hkh ;U= }kjk LVSafly dkVs x;s Hkkx esa leku :i ls jax Hkjk tkrk gSA
7-4-5 LVs LVafs ly dh lQkbZ djuk (Cleaning the Stencil) vUr esa fizafVax ds ckn LVSafly dks rqjUr lkQ dj nsuk pkfg;s rkfd LVSafly ls jax lw[kus ls igys lkQ gks tk;sA lQkbZ ds fy, LVSafly dks v[kckj ij j[k dj xhys diM+s ls lkQ djsaA lQkbZ djrs le; bl ckr dk /;ku j[ksa fd LVSafly esa cus NksVs fczt u VwVsaA cz’k dks ?kksy esa vPNh izdkj lkcqu okys xeZ ikuh ls /kks,asA
Lo;a tk¡p iz’u (Self-check Questions) 34-
LVSafly D;k gksrk gS\ LVSafly cksMZ D;k gksrk gS\
7-5 oSY;w ,fM’ku (Value Addition) LVSafly }kjk diM+s ij fMt+kbu fizaV djus ds i’pkr~ ml ij ;fn vki dqN dlhnk dkjh dj nh tk;s rks mldk ifj.kke peRdkjh gksxkA LVSafly }kjk cukbZ x;s ,d vkÑfr tSls rSjrk gqvk tgkt ;k ike ds isM+ dks dkV dj Vh 'kVZ ;k Vscy eSV] deht dh iksdsV ;k ykaMªh cSx ij Nkik tk ldrk gS rFkk fizaV dks dqN vkSj vyaÑr fd;k tk ldrk gSA ¼fp= 7-8½
fp= 77-- 8 LVsfUly }kjk fÁaV fd;k diM+k vkSj mlds Åij uksty fÁafVax
vkt dy LVSafly fizafVax dk iz;ksx ?kjksa ds fMt+kbu uewuksa esa fd;k tkrk gS] ftlls vfUre uewuk rS;kj djus es de le; yxsA
xfrfof/k (Activity) 2,d lqUnj Qwyksa ls cus fMt+kbu okyk diM+s dk VqdM+k ysaA dlhnkdkjh fejj odZ ;k isafVax }kjk bldh xq.koRrk c<+kb;sA
7-6
vU; oLrqvksa ij LVSafly }kjk fizafVax (Stencil Printing on Different Objects)
LVSafly ij cuh vkÑfr ds ckj ckj iz;ksx }kjk ge ckWMZj ;k vky vksoj fMt+kbu cuk ldrs gSaA mRre Qwyksa ds ckWMZj dks 'khV~l ;k fiyks doj ;k cPpksa ds ifj/kkuksa ij cus ckMZj cgqr izHkkoh gks ldrs gSaA tcfd vkWy vksoj uewus cgqr lh oLrqvks ij cuk;s tk ldrs gSa] tSls Vscy DykWFk] nqiV~Vs rFkk dehtsaA rhfy;ksa ls cus gSV rFkk ckWLdsV] lkfVu 'kwt+ rFkk dsuol ls cuh oLrqvksa ij Hkh ge LVSafly }kjk fiazfVax dj ldrs gSaA
LVsaf ly dk iz;ks x pkb uk ;k 'kh’ks ij fp= 77- 9 cksry ij LVsfUly fÁafVax fp= 77-10 ydM+h ds di ij fp= 77- 11 dqlhZ ij LVsfUly fÁafVax Hkh LVsfUly fÁafVax lj yrk ls fd;k tk ldrk gS tSlk fd fp= 7-9 esa fn[kk;k x;k gS ge LVSafly }kjk Hkkstu lkexzh] j[kus okys tkj ij yscy yxk ldrs gSaA lk/kkj.k LVsafly }kjk lkekU; ?kjsyw oLrqvksa dks lqUnj cuk;k tk ldrk gS] tSls ydM+h ds di fp= 7-10 esaA vki viuh t:jr ds vuqlkj LVsafly dkV dj fMt+kbu cuk ldrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, IykfLVd dqlhZ dh cSd ij if{k;ksa dh vkÑfr fizaV djus ls ;g dqlhZ dks dykRed :i ns ldrh gSA fp= 7-11
7-7
nRr dk;Z (Assignments)
7-7-1 d{kk dk;Z (Class Assignment) LVsafly }kjk fizafVax djus ds fy, ik¡p lk/kkj.k fMt+kbu cuk;saA buesa ls ,d Øec) gksus pkfg;sA
7-7-2 x`g dk;Z (Home Assignment) nthZ dh nqdku esa dqN fizafVM diM+s ds VqdM+s bdÎs djsa rFkk fy[ksa fd og fdl i)fr ls fizaV fd;s x;s gSaA
7-8 lkjka’k (Summing Up) varr% ge dg ldrs gSa fd gkFk }kjk LVSafly cukuk rFkk fiazfVax djuk ,d izkphu dyk gS ftldk iz;ksx fMt+kbfuax] fizafVax rFkk vyaÑr djus ds fy, fofHkUu {ks=ksa esa fd;k tkrk FkkA bldk iz;ksx lHkh vk;q ds O;fDr;ksa }kjk ljyrk ls fd;k tk ldrk gSA LVSafly fdlh Hkh fMt+kbu ;k uewus dk cuk;k tk ldrk gS rFkk vius #fp ds vuqlkj fizaV fd;k tk ldrk gSA LVSafly cukus dk lkeku rFkk midj.k egaxs ugha gksrs rFkk mudks ?kj ij gh vklkuh ls cuk;k tk ldr gSA
7-9
Lo;a tk¡p iz’uksa ds lEHkkfor mRrj (Possible Self-check Questions)
1-
LVsafly fizafVax ds fy, vko’;d midj.k%& i) LVsafly cukus dh lkexzh%& blesa eksVk xRrs 'khV ;k IykWfLVd 'khV~l lfEefyr gSa tSls
dkVZfjt 'khV~l ] ikjn’kZd 'khV~l vkfnA ii) LVsafly dkVus ds midj.k%& isij dVj] dSaph LVSafly dkVus okyk pkdw vkfnA iii) fizaV dh tkus okyh oLrq,sa%& diM+k ;k vU; dM+h oLrq iv) fizafVax ;k LVSafly esa ls isUV xqtkjus ds midj.k%& :bZ ds iSM rFkk cz’k vkfnA v) mi;qDr jax rFkk fiXeSaV rRo
2-
fiazfVax ds fy, jax%& ,Øfyd jax] Qsfczd isUV] iksLVj jax] Lizs isUV] Xykl dyj vkfnA
3iryh isij 'khV ;k IykfLVd 'khV ftl ij lkQ ,oa lgh vkÑfr dkV dj cukbZ xbZ gks rFkk ftlds e/; ls isUV dks xqtkj dj fuf’pr vkÑfr lgh <+ax ls uhps j[kh xbZ oLrq ij cukbZ tk lds mls LVSafly dgrs gSaA
4LVsafly cksMZ og lrg gS ftl ij j[k dj LVSafly dkVk tkrk gSA bls fdlh izdkj dh dM+h 'khV dks dkV dj cuk;k tk ldrk gS tSls IykWfLVd 'khV ;k xRrk ;k QksVks uSxsfVo vkfnA
7-10 vH;klkFkZ izz’u (Terminal Questions) 1. 2. 3. 4.
LVsafly cukus ds fy, ftl izdkj dk eSVhfj;y iz;ksx esa yk;k tk ldrk gS\ diM+s ds vfrfjDr vU; oLrqvksa dk o.kZu djsa ftu ij LVsafly }kjk fiaazfVax dh tk ldrh gSA LVsafly }kjk fizafVax izfØ;k dk laf{kIr o.kZu djsaA fiazfVax ds i’pkr~ LVsafly dks lQkbZ djuk D;ksa vko’;d gS\
7-11 lanHkZ ,oa v/;;u ;ksX; iqLrdsa (Suggested Further Reading and References) 1. Kafka, F. J. 1959. Batik, Tie and Dyeing, Stenciling, Silk Screen, Block Printing: The Hand Decoration of Fabrics. Dover Publications, New York. 2. Stalle, B. P. 1990. The Creative Guide to FABRIC Screen Printing. New Holland Publishers. 3. Storey, J. 1979. The Thames and Hudson Manual of Textile Printing. Thames and Hudson Ltd., London.
7-12 'kCnkoyh (Glossary) 1. 2. 3. 4.
LVsfUly cksMZ oSY;w ,fM’ku fizafVax ?kqyu’khy
ftl ij j[kdj LVsfUly dkVk tkrk gSA vyaÑr djuk NikbZ vklkuh ls ?kqyus okys