203-L-9-H by mayank govil

ikB 9 Mkbt+ ,oa MkbZax dh izfØ;k (DYES AND DYEING PROCESS) lajpuk 9-0

mÌs’;

9-1

izLrkouk

9-2

jax rFkk jaxkbZ dh izfØ;k

9-3

/;ku j[kus ;ksX; ckrsa ¼psd ikWbUV~l½

9-4 9-5

VkbZ ,.M MkbZ ekuo thou ij izHkko

9-6

okLrfod thou esa mi;ksx

9-7

nRr dk;Z

9-8 9-9

lkjka’k Lo;a tk¡p iz’uksa ds lEHkkfor mRrj

9-2-1 9-2-2 9-2-3 9-2-4 9-2-5

iz;ksx fd;s tkus okys Mkbt+ fj,fDVo MkbZ oSV MkbZ ,tksbd ¼usQFkksy½ jax MkbjsDV MkbZ

9-7-1 d{kk dk;Z 9-7-2 x`g dk;Z

9-10 vH;klkFkZ iz’u 9-11 lanHkZ ,oa v/;;u ;ksX; iqLrdsa 9-12 'kCnkoyh

9 Mkbt+ vkSj MkbZax dh izfØ;k (DYES AND DYEING PROCESS) igys ikB esa VkbZ ,.M MkbZ dk;Z esa iz;ksx fd;s tkus okys diM+ksa rFkk mudh MkbZax ds fy, VkbZ djus dh fof/k;ksa ds fo"k; dk v/;;u fd;kA blesa ekjcfyax] fV~ofLVax ,oa dkWbfyax] ukWfVax] ckbafMax] flykbZ ;k Vkads yxkuk rFkk jaxkbZ ls igys oLrq ;k diM+s dks ck¡/kuk lfEefyr gSaA bl ikB esa ge Mkbt+ o Mkbax dh izfØ;k dk v/;;u djsaxsA

9-0

mÌs’; (Objectives)

bl ikB ds v/;;u ds i’pkr~ vki% • VkbZ ,.M MkbZ esa iz;ksx fd;s tkus okys jaxksa dh tkudkjh izkIr djsaxsA • VkbZ ,.M MkbZ djrs le; fofHkUu tk¡p fcUnqvksa ¼psd ikWbaV~l½ dh tkudkjh izkIr djsaxsA • Mkbax dh izfØ;k dk O;kid :i esa v/;;uA

9-1

izLrkouk (Introduction)

VkbZ ,.M MkbZ izfØ;k esa diM+s dks ck¡/kus dh fofHkUu fof/k;ksa dk o.kZu ikB 8 esa fd;k x;k gS rFkk mlds i’pkr~ vkd"kZd ,oa eueksgd izHkko mRiUu djus ds mÌs’; ls mudh jaxkbZ dk mYys[k gSA ck¡/kus rFkk diM+s ds ,df=r gksus ds dkj.k okLrfod uewus dk lkbt+ ftldks de gks tkrk gS vr% blds Hkkj ds vuqikr ls de jax dh vko’;drk gksrh gSA MkbZ ckFk rS;kj djrs le; bl fcUnq dks /;ku esa j[kuk pkfg,A D;ksafd VkbZ ,.M MkbZ jsftLV Mkbax izfØ;k gS] blfy, mRre jax ogh gksrk gS tks de le; esa izHkkodkjh jax nsrk gSA blds fy, xk<+s jax dh vko’;d gksrk gS D;ksafd diM+s ds eksM+ksa eas gYds jax fn[kkbZ iM+rs gSa tgk¡ ij jax dsoy vkaf’kd :i esa p<+rk gSA tc Hkh ,d ls vf/kd jax ls jaxkbZ dh tk;s rks gYdk jax lcls igys rFkk xgjk jax lcls ckn esa iz;ksx djuk pkfg,A VkbZ ,.M MkbZ djus ds fy, diM+s dks lnk lcls igys lkcqu ;qDr ikuh esa /kks nsuk pkfg, tSlk fd ikB 8 esa crk;k x;k gSA uewus dks MkbZ ckFk eas Mkyus ls igys xhyk djuk vko’;d ugha gS D;ksafd lekU; jaxkbZ esa jax xhys ;k lw[ks nksuksa diM+ksa eaas p<+ ldrk gSA tSlk fd ikB 7 esa crk;k x;k gS fd izkphu dky esa VkbZ ,.M MkbZ ds fy, izkÑfrd jaxksa dk iz;ksx lqUnj fMt+kbu cukus ds fy, fd;k tkrk FkkA Ñf=e jaxksa ds vfo"dkj ds i’pkr~ vU; ykHk dks ns[krs gq, bl dyk esa Hkh bu jaxksa dk iz;ksx gksus yxkA Ñf=e jaxksa dh iw.kZ Js.kh dk o.kZu dkslZ 202 ds ikB 2 esa fd;k x;k gSA VkbZ ,.M MkbZ izfØ;k okLro esa csfld] ,sflM] Mk;jsDV] oSV] fMLilZ rFkk fj,fDVo jaxksa ;k ,t+ksbd jaxksa ds iz;ksx ls dh tkrh gSA okLro esa buesa ls dqN jaxksa dk iz;ksx vf/kd

gksrk gSa] mUgha dk o.kZu bl ikB esa fd;k tk;sxkA blesa ,d tk¡p lwph ¼psd ikWbUV½ Hkh nh tk;sxh ftlesa jaxkbZ dh fØ;k ljy gks tk;sxhA

9-2

Mkbt+ vkSj Mkbax dh izfØ;k (The Dyes and Dyeing process)

9-2-1 Á;ksx esa yk;s tkus okys jax (The Dyes used) og jax tks VkbZ ,.M MkbZ ds fy, vf/kdrj iz;ksx fd;s tkrs gSaA os gSa% fj,fDVo MkbZ] oSV MkbZ] ,t+ksbd MkbZ rFkk Mk;jsDV MkbZA bu lHkh izdkj dh i)fr;ksa esa jaxksa dh foLr`r Jsf.k;k¡ gSA okLro esa ewy pkj jaxksa ds feJ.k ls jaxksa dh ,d O;kid jsat cukbZ tk ldrh gSA vFkkZr ihyk] uhyk] yky] rFkk dkyk jax feyk dj bu jaxksa ds feJ.k ls cus dqN jax uhps fn;s x;s gSa% nks jaxksa dks feyk dj yky $ ihyk yky $ uhyk ihyk $ uhyk cSaxuh $ gjk cSaxuh $ ukjaxh yky $ gjk yky $ dkyk

= = = = = = =

ukjaxh cSaxuh gjk dRFkbZ ¼xzs½ Hkwjk Hkwjk eS:u

fofHkUu jaxksa ds iz;ksx ls MkbZ djuk igys ds ikBksa esa fl[kk;k x;k gSA ;gk¡ ij mijksDr pkj jax i)fr;ksa rFkk VkbZ ,.M MkbZ ds fy, fo’ks"k uqL[kksa dk o.kZu fd;k tk;sxkA

9-2-2 fj,fDVo Mkbt+ (Reactive Dyes) fj,fDVo Mkbt+ jaxs tkus okys eSVhfj;y esa cgqr 'kh?kzrk ls p<+ tkrs gSaA blfy, ;s jax Hkkjh ;k laiw.kZ ca/ks gq, uewuksa ij fo’ks"k :i ls QksfYMax rduhd }kjk cka/ks x;s cUMyksa dks jaxus ds fy, ykHknk;d gksrs gSaA vPNs <ax ls ck¡/ks gq, NksVs cUMyksa dks xhyk djuk mfpr gS] ugha rks mudk izfrjks/k de gks tk,xkA dHkh dHkh cUMy dks [kksyus ij ,slk izrhr gksrk gS fd mlesa fdlh Hkh izdkj dh izfrjks/k uewuk cpk gh ugha gS] ijUrq mldks [kaxkyus rFkk lkcqu ls /kksus ds ckn vfrfjDr jax /kqy tkrk gS rFkk izfrjks/k uewuk lkQ fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA jaxs tkus okys diM+s dks vPNh rjg ls /kksuk pkfg, ftlls vo’kks"k.k 'kfDr c<+ tk,A diM+s dks 30 feŒ rd cgqr xeZ ikuh esa /kksuk pkfg,] ftlesa 2 xzke izfr yhŒ Lissapol D feyk;k tkrk gSA blds LFkku ij fMVtsZaV ;k lkcqu dk ikmMj feyk;k tk ldrk gSA blds ckn diM+s dks vPNh rjg [kaxky ysaA fj,fDVo MkbZ ds iz;ksx djus ds fy, jax dh fof/k blh ij fuHkZj djrh gS ¼blds fy, jax fuekZrkvksa dk lkfgR; miyC/k gksrk gS½A LVS.MMZ fj,fDVo MkbZ dh fof/k uhps nh x;k gS% dksYM okWVj fj,fDVo MkbZ ¼LVª¡x½

% 50 xzke

lk/kkj.k ued dkWfLVd lksMk ikuh

% 60 xzke % 20 xzke % 1 yhVj

½ yh0 xeZ ikuh esa jax dks ?kksysa rFkk fgykrs jgsaA ,d vyx crZu esa ued rFkk lksMk dks Hkh ½ yh0 xeZ ikuh esa ?kksysa rFkk fgyk,aA diM+s dks ck¡/kus ds i’pkr~ tc ;g jaxkbZ ds fy, rS;kj gks rks nksuksa ?kksyksa dks feyk dj fgyk,aA uewus dks rqjUr MkbZ eas Mky nsa rFkk bls ydM+h ds MaMs ls igys 10fe0 rd ?kqekrs jgsa rFkk blds i’pkr~ FkksMh FkksM+h nsj ckn fgykrs jgsaA dqy feyk dj jaxus ds fy, ;g le; ,d ?kUVk gksxkA gkWV MkbZax fof/k esa mijksDr fØ;k 700 c ij dh tkrh gSA MkbZax iw.kZ gksus ds i’pkr~] uewus dks rc rd [kaxkysa tc rd fd lkQ ikuh u fudyus yxsA blds i’pkr~ bldks Lissapol D ;k fMVtsZaV ;k lkcqu ds ?kksy ds mcyrs gq, ikuh esa /kks nssaA uewus dks [kaxkysa] [kksysa rFkk iqu% [kaxkysaA Vkb dks uewus ds xhys gksus ij Hkh [kksy k tk ldrk gSA iqu% [kaxkysa rFkk izSl djsaA nwljh ckj jaxkbZ ls igys] ;g lqfuf’pr djsa fd uewuk dh igyh VkbZax iw.kZ :i ls [kqy xbZ gSA budkss iqu% O;ofLFkr djsa rFkk VkbZ djsaA

9-2-3 oSV MkbZt+ (Vat Dyes) tSlk fd igys ikB esa o.kZu fd;k x;k gS ;s jax iDds gksrs gSa o izdk’k rFkk /kqykbZ ls Qhds ugha iM+rs gSaA jaxkbZ ds fy, laLrqfr (recommended) rkieku ¼izk;% 500 c ½ ls vf/kd rkieku dHkh Hkh c<+uk ugha pkfg,A blfy, ;g mfpr gS fd jaxkbZ ds le; FkekZehVj dk iz;ksx djuk pkfg,A jaxkbZ ds le; jcM+ ds nLrkuksa dk iz;ksx djuk pkfg,] fo’ks"k:i ls rc tc vki MkbZ fd;s gq, diM+s dks mBk,saA tSls fiNys ikBkas esa crk;k x;k gS fd osV MkbZ ikuh esa ?kqyu’khy ugha gSaA mudks igys ?kqyu’khy cuk;k tkrk gS] ftl fØ;k dks oSfVax (vatting) dgk tkrk gSA bl izdkj oSV MkbZ ls jaxkbZ nks pj.kksa ij dh tkrh gSA vc budk laf{kIr o.kZu fd;k tk;sxkA yxHkx 2yhŒ MkbZ cukus ds fy, fuEu fof/k iz;ksx esa yk;k tk ldrk gS% oSfVax%

8 xzke jax dk pw.kZ rFkk ¼ yh0 gYdk ikuh 4 xzke dkWfLVd lksMk ;k 10cc dkWfLVd lksMk ?kksy 4 xzke lksfM;e gkbMªkslYQkbV

MkbZ ckFk%

1-5 yh0 ikuh (soft water) rFkk 70 xzke lk/kkj.k ued 4 xzke dkfLVd lksMk ;k 10cc dkWfLVd lksMk ?kksy 4 xzke lksfM;e gkbMªkslYQkbV

oSfVax% jax dks ?kqyu’khy cukus ds fy, vFkkZr oSfVax ds fy,] MkbZ ikmMj dks VdhZ yky rsy esa feyk dj isLV cukbZ tkrh gS] blds fy, ,useYk dh gqbZ fpyeph dk iz;ksx djsaA vc ½ yhŒ gYdk ikuh (soft water) feyk,as rFkk vPNh rjg fgykrs jgsaA fpyeph dks ,d dM+kgh esa j[ksa ftlesa ikuh Hkjk gks rFkk bls 500 c rd xeZ djsaA vc 100cc ¼4cM+s pEep½ BaMk ikuh ,d ¼t+Se½ tkj esa Mkysa blds i’pkr~ 8 xzke dkfLVd lksMk Mkysa rFkk ?kqyus rd fgykrs jgsaA vc bl esa ls vk/kk dkWfLVd lksMk ?kksy dks crZu esa Mkysa ¼ftlesa MkbZ ikmMj lkFk gks½ rFkk fgyk,saA blds i’pkr~ 4 xzke gkbMªkslYQkbV feyk dj fgyk,¡ ftlls cqycqys u cusaA ?kksy dk rkieku 500 c ij 10 feŒ rd fLFkj j[k dj dHkh dHkh fgykrs jgsaA

MkbZ ckFk% jax dks oSfVax djrs le;] 1-5 yhŒ gYdk ikuh (soft water) MkbZ ckFk esa rFkk 'ks"k

dkWfLVd lksMk dk ?kksy blesa feyk dj fgyk,¡A 4 xzke gkbMªkslYQkbV feyk,¡ rFkk fgyk, vkSj 500 c rd xeZ djsaA tc oSV rS;kj gks tkrk gS rks bldk jax cnyrk gS rFkk blesa d.k ugha jgrsA vc fpyeph ftlesa oSV cuk gS MkbZc kFk esa Mky nsa rFkk bldks 500 c rd xeZ djsa rFkk ued Mky dj fgyk,¡A uewuk 1 ls 10 feŒ rd 500 c ij jaxsaA bl izdkj dh jaxkbZ BaMs ;k gYds xeZ ikuh esa Hkh laHko gS ijUrq vf/kdrj oSV jax diM+s ij 500 c rki ij vPNh izdkj ls p<+ tkrk gSA ;fn MkbZ ckFk ds jax esa dksbZ cnyko fn[kkbZ iM+s ;k blesa d.k fn[kkbZ nsa rks blesa Fk¨M+h ek=k esa gkbMªkslYQkbV rFkk 'ks"k cpk dkfLVd lksMk ?kksy feyk nsaA dqN feuV ds i’pkr~ ?kksy dks fgyk dj jaxkbZ 'kq: djsaA jaxkbZ lekIr gksus ij uewus dks MkbZckFk ls fudky dj fupksM+ ysaA bldks [kaxkyuk ugha gSaA uewus dks 20 feŒ ds fy, goknkj LFkku ij Nk;k esa lq[kk,¡ ftlls bldk vkWDlhdj.k gks ldsA vc bldks 3yhŒ ikuh esa ftlesa 10% ¼xa/kd ds vEy½ lsY;qyksfld ,flM dh dqN cwans rFkk ,d cM+k pEep 30% ,slsfVd ,sflM feyk gks] 5 feŒ rd Mqcksus ds ckn BaMs ikuh esa vPNh izdkj ls [kaxkysa rFkk lq[kk dj cU/ks gq, Hkkx [kksy nsaA vc lsEiy dks 5 feŒ rd 2yhŒ ikuh ftlesa 25 xzke lkcqu dk ikmMj feyk gks mckysaA [kaxkyus ds ckn lq[kk,¡¡ rFkk izsl djsaA ;gh izfØ;k vU; jaxksa ds fy, viuk,¡A

9-2-4 ,tksbd ¼usQFkky½ Fkky½ jax (Azoic Colors) igys ikBksa esa o.kZu fd;k x;k gS fd ;s dksYM MkbZax jax gSa rFkk yky] eg:u vkSj usoh CY;w jaxksa ds fy, izfl) gSaA ;s jax /kqykbZ esa iDds gksrs gSa ijUrq jxM+us ls jax Qhds iM+ tkrk gSA lwrh diM+ksa dks nks pj.kksa esa jaxk tkrk gSA igys pj.k esa diM+s ds uewus dk usQFkksy ls moZjhdj.k fd;k tkrk gS vfrfjDr MkbZ fudky nsrs gaSA nwljk pj.k esa Mk;tksVk;t+M csl ;k Mk;tksVk;t+M lkWYV dk iz;ksx djds jax dks mUur fd;k tkrk gSA jax dk diM+s ij p<+uk usQFkksy rFkk Mk;tksa rRoksa ds chp izfrfØ;k ds dkj.k gksrk gSA jax ds iDdsiu ds fy,] Mkbax ds ckn diM+s dks VªhV djuk vko’;d gSA ;g VkbZ ,.M MkbZ ds fy, de [kpZ okyh i)fr gS] D;ksafd ;g dksYM+ MkbZax gS blfy, bls fdlh Hkh izdkj dh jaxkbZ lkexzh ds iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA

ukQFkksy dks vYdksgky esa feyk dj isLV cukbZ tkrh gS rFkk blds i’pkr~ dkWfLVd lksMk feyk dj bls usQFkksysV esa cnyk tkrk gSA uewus dk usQFkksy ds ?kksy esa moZjhdj.k fd;k tkrk gS rFkk vfrfjDr ?kksy dks fupksM+ dj fudky fn;k tkrk gSA lwrh diM+ksa ds fy, ;g fØ;k lkekU; rkieku ij dh tk ldrh gS ijUrq foLdl js;kWu ds fy, ;g 800& 850 c ij dh tkrh gSA nwljs pj.k esa usQFkksysVsM lkexzh dks Mk;tksVkbt+M csl ;k Mk;tksVk;t+M lkWYV dk lkFk VªhV lfEefyr gSaA D;ksafd bl dk o.kZu ckn esa ckfVd ds ikB ¼ikB 11 esa½ fd;k tk;sxk blfy, ;gk¡ ij bldk o.kZu ugha fd;k tk;sxkA

9-2-5 Mk;jsDV MkbZ (Direct Dye) ;g lHkh izdkj dh jaxkbZ esa vPNs gSa rFkk lwrh] fyuu rFkk foLdl js;kWu ds fy, mi;qDr gSaA muls xeZ ;k BaMk nksuksa izdkj ls jaxkbZ dh tk ldrh gSA • gkWV MkbZax i)fr% 15 xzke MkbZ ikmMj dks FkksM+s ls ikuh esa feykdkj isLV cuk,saA 'ksM ds xgjsiu ds vuqlkj 2 ls 4 yh0 xeZ ikuh feyk,¡ rFkk 90xzke lk/kkj.k ued Mky dj feyk,¡A ?kksy dks /khjs /khjs mcyus rd xeZ djsaA uewus dks xhyk djsa rFkk MkbZ okys ikuh esa Mky dj 10 fe0 ls 1 ?kUVs rds mckysa rFkk dHkh dHkh fgykrs jgsaA vf/kd le; rd jaxkbZ ls jax xgjk p<+rk gSA fQj ls jaxkbZ djus ls igys vkSj ckU/k yhft, rFkk vfUre jaxkbZ iwjh gksus ij uewus dks vPNh izdkj ls [kaxky dj lq[kk dj cU/k [kksy nsaA iqu% [kaxkysa rFkk tYnh ls lq[kk nsaA vknZz jgus ij iszl dj nsa rFkk v[kckj ls <d nsaA • dksYM MkbZax i)fr% 5 xzke MkbZ ikmMj dks FkksM+s ls ikuh esa feykdj isLV cuk;saA blesa 30 ls 45 xzke lk/kkj.k ued rFkk ½ yh0 xeZ ikuh feyk,¡A ?kksy dks mckyus rd xeZ djsa rFkk BaMk gksus nsaA dksYM MkbZ dh fof/k xeZ MkbZ ds leku gh gksrh gSA Mk;jsDV MkbZ dks vf/kdrj jaxksa ds Åij vafre lrg ds :i esa p<+k;k tk ldrk gSA cM+s uewus ds fy, rFkk vf/kd c¡/ks gq, uewuksa dks vf/kd le; rd jaxkbZ dh vko’;drk gksrh gS vFkkZr~ ,d ?kUVs ls Hkh vf/kdA bldks MkbZckFk esa Mkysa rFkk 15fe0 ds vUrjky ds i’pkr~ lk/kkj.k ued Mkyrs jgsaA ;fn jax de ekywe iM+s rks blesa FkksMk+ u;k jax cukdj mldk ?kksy Mky nsaA /kqykbZ esa de iDds gksus ds dkj.k] bl izdkj ds diM+s dks vkW¶Vj VªhVesaV nsus ij Hkh ;s jax lsY;qykWfld ifj/kku fQfuf’kax lkexzh dh vko’;drkvksa dks iwjk ugha djrsA teZuh }kjk dqN ,t++ks jaxksa ij izfrca/k ds i’pkr~] cgqr ls Mk;jsDV jax tks ,t+ks ij lajpuk okys gksrs gSa ml ij izfrca/k yxk fn;k x;k gSA bu nks dkj.kksa ls Mk;jsDV MkbZ ds LFkku ij vf/kdrj fj,fDVo MkbZ us ys fy;k gSA

Lo;a tk¡p iz’u (Self-check Questions) fjDr LFkku Hkjsa% 1. 2.

9-3

os jax tks VkbZ ,oa MkbZ dk;Z ds fy, vf/kdrj iz;ksx esa yk;s tkrs gSa -------------------- MkbZt] -------------------------------- MkbZt+] ----------------------- MkbZt+ ¼usQFkksy½ rFkk --------------------- MkbZt+ gSaA Mk;jsDV MkbZ ----------------------- jaxkbZ ds fy, vPNs gksrs gSa rFkk -------------------- ,oa ---------------------- ds fy, mi;qDr gksrs gSaA ;s jax------------------ ;k-------------------------- ds :i esa iz;ksx fd;s tkrs gSaA

/;ku j[kus ;ksX; ckrsa (Check Points)

dk;ZLFky dh lHkh lrgksa rFkk Q’kZ dks IykfLVd diMs+ ls <d nsaA tgk¡ rd laHko gks ckgj dk;Z djsaA

xhys diM+s dks IykfLVd ds FkSys esa v[kckj ;k IysV ij j[kas ;k IykfLVd cSx ;k ,Y;qehfu;e ds crZu esa j[kdj yk,a ftlls jax dh cwan mlh eas fxjsA

VkbZ o MkbZ fd, diM+s dks ?kkl ds Åij yVdk dj lq[kk;sa ;k mlds uhps v[kckj ij j[ksa tks Viduss okys ikuh dks 'kksf"kr dj ysaA

diM+s ij iM+s /kCcksa ;k QSys gq, jaxksa ds /kCcs lkQ djus okys ;k ?kjsyw Cyhp ls lkQ djsaA

vktdy lHkh jax iDds gkssrs gSa] ;fn os iDds u gkas rks 2 cM+s pEep lk/kkj.k ued ;k nks pEep fljdk Mkysa MkbZ ckFk esa MkysaA

d{kk esa cMs+ crZu esa jax cuk;sa rFkk mudks flad esa j[ksaA

diM+s dks VkbZ djus ls vkd"kZd fMt+kbu cu tkrk gSA fMt+kbu cukus ds fy, flDds] dadM+] ekjcy rFkk ikWi fLVDl dks jcM+ cSaM vkfn dk VkbZ fd;k tkrk gSA

VkbZ rFkk MkbZax ds fy, vyx vyx LFkku gksuk pkfg,A

VkbZ ds fy, xk¡Bs yxkus ds fy, ,d O;fDr xk¡B yxkrk gS rFkk nwljk diM+s dks idM+ dj j[krk gSA

10.

jaxkbZ ls igys lkexzh dks /kksuk pkfg, ftlls mlesa mifLFkr v’kqf);k¡ ;k vU; inkFkZ nwj gks tk,¡A blds fy, iqjkuh dehtksa ls dke fd;k tk ldrk gSA izkÑfrd js’ks tSls lwr rFkk js’keh jax dks 'kksf"kr dj ysrs gSa rFkk jax iDds gksrs gSA

11.

;g lqfuf’pr djsa fd xk¡Bsa VkbV yxsa] fo’ks"k :i ls tc diM+k cgqr eghu gksA

12.

xhys jaxs gq, diM+s xgjs jax ds fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA jaxkbZ djus okys jax dks dqN xgjk cukuk pkfg,] D;ksafd lw[kus ij jax gYdk gks tkrk gSA jaxkbZ dk le; iz;ksx djus okys vko’;d jax ij vk/kkfjr gksrk gSA

13.

VkbZ ,oa MkbZ djus ds i’pkr~] oLrq dks vyx BaMs ikuh ls rFkk lkcqu ls /kks nsa ;k MªkbZDyhu Hkh dj ldrs gSaA

VkbZ ,oa MkbZ dk dk;Z iwjk gksus ds i’pkr~ bldks t+jh] xksVk rFkk LVksu vkfn ls vyaÑr fd;k tkrk gSA vk/kqfud fMt+kbujksa }kjk vktdy jaxksa dks fefJr djds iz;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gS ftlls ifj/kku vkd"kZd fn[kkbZ nsaA

Lo;a tk¡p iz’u (Self-check Questions) 2. 3.

VkbZ ,oa MkbZ ds le; /;ku esa j[kus okys fdUgha pkj ijh{k.k fcanqvksa ¼psd ikWbUV½ dk o.kZu djsaA VkbZ ,oa MkbZ ds i’pkr~ diM+s dks vyaÑr djus ds fy, vU; dkSu lh lkexzh iz;ksx esa ykbZ tk ldrh gS\

9-4 VkbZ ,oa MkbZ vktdy (Tie and Dye Today) VkbZ ,oa MkbZ ljy izfØ;k gS ftls Hkkjrh; xk¡oksa esa fL=;ksa rFkk yM+fd;ksa dks vius ?kj esas eyey ds VqdM+ksa ij] cqus gq, diM+ksa ;k js’keh diM+ksa ij djrs gq, ns[kk tk ldrk gSA bl diM+s dks igys Cyhp fd;k tkrk gS rFkk mlds ckn diM+s dks eksVkbZ ds vuqlkj nksgjk ;k pkSgjk eksM+k tkrk gSA jaxs’k ;k fMt+kbuj uewus dh vkmVykbu diM+s ij ydM+h ds CykWDl dks ikuh esa ?kqys xs: esa Mkydj cukrk gSA blds i’pkr~ dkjhxj diM+s ds bl Hkkx dks VkbZ djuk vkjEHk djrk gS tgk¡ ij jax ugha pkfg,A diM+s dh lHkh rgksa dks ,d lkFk mBk dj ,df=r djds fMt+kbu ds vuqlkj VkbZ fd;k tkrk gSA izFke lsV dh VkbZ lkexzh dks ihyk jaxk tkrk gSA jktLFkku esa vf/kdrj viukbZ tkus okyh fof/k gSa gLr fyikbZ rduhd diM+s dks iqu% VkbZ djus ds i’pkr~ yky ;k gjk jaxk tkrk gSA ;fn ckWMZj dks xk<+k jax djuk gS rks lHkh gYds jax okys Hkkxksa dks VkbZ djus ds i’pkr~ IykfLVd Qksby ls <d fn;k tkrk gS rFkk fdukjksa dks okafNr jaxksa ls jaxk tkrk gSA ckjckj VkbZ ,oa MkbZ fØ;k ls fMt+kbu dks c<+k;k tkrk gS ¼fp= 9-1½A

fp= 9-1 VkbZ ,oa MkbZ fØ;k ls cuh n¨ fMt+kbu

9-5

ekuo thou ij izHkko (Influence on the Life of People)

lkekU; VkbZ fd;s x;s ck¡/kuh diM+s lLrs gksrs gSa rFkk xjhc tkfr;ksa dh fL=;ksa ds fy, jaxfcjaxs QS’ku ifj/kku cukus dh lcls lLrh fof/k gSA xqtjkr esa ck¡¡/kuh pquM+h fookg ds le; fL=;ksa }kjk iz;ksx esa ykbZ tkrh gSA vkneh bl pquM+h dk iz;ksx ixM+h ds fy, djrs gSaA ifo= jaxksa esa cuh fookg ds fy, 'kkWysa ,oa lkfM+;k¡ vf/kd izfl) gks xbZ gSa rFkk iz;qDr gksus okys jax yky] ihyk ,oa lQsn [kq’kh rFkk vkuan dk izrhd gSA

9-6

okLrfod thou esa mi;ksx (Utility in Real Life)

VkbZ ,oa MkbZ fd;s x;s oL=ksa dk iz;ksx] vusd vkd"kZd oLrq,a cukus ds fy, iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS] tks varjkZ"Vªh; ckt+kj esa Hkh izfl) gSaA buesa ls dqN gSa% ySEi 'ksM] cqddoj] Vscy doj] QksVks Ýse] foUMks 'ksM] fx¶V isij] okWy gSafxax] ifj/kku vkfnA budks Ýse ;k xRrs ij fpidk;k tk ldrk gSA blds vfrfjDr deht+] LdVZ] LdkQZ] thUl] VkbZ] Vksi] cSM’khV] nqiêk] ijns rFkk rfd;k vkfn dk uohuhdj.k VkbZ ,oa MkbZ izfØ;k ds iz;ksx }kjk fd;k tk ldrk gSA

9-7

nRr dk;Z (Assignments)

9-7-1 d{kk dk;Z (Class Assignments) vkidks ;kn gksxk fd igys d{kk esa vkius diM+s ds pkj uewus VkbZ fd;s Fks ftlds VkbZ djus esa vyx vyx rduhd dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k FkkA vc bu uewuksa dks bl ikB esa lh[kh xbZ diM+k jaxus dh fof/k;ksa ds vuqlkj jaxsaA

9-7-2 x`g dk;Z (Home Assignments) og pkj uewus tks vkids }kjk jaxs x;s gSa mudks iqu% VkbZ dj ldrs gSa rFkk ckn esa mudks nks jaxksa okyk uewuk rS;kj dj ldrs gSaA

9-8

lkjka’k (Summing Up)

bu ikB esa geus fofHkUu jaxksa ds ckjs esa lh[kk ftldks VkbZ ,oa MkbZ ds fy, iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA blds vfrfjDr jax dks cukus dh fof/k rFkk jaxkbZ dh i)fr;kas ds fo"k; dh tkudkjh izkIr dhA

9-9

Lo;a tk¡p iz’uksa ds lEHkkfor mRrj (Possible Answers to Selfcheck Questions)

os jax tks VkbZ ,oa MkbZ dk;Z ds fy, vf/kdrj iz;ksx esa yk;s tkrs gSa fj,fDVo MkbZt] oSV MkbZt] ,tksbd MkbZt ¼usQFkksyt+½ rFkk Mk;jsDV MkbZt gSaA

Mk;jsDV MkbZ lHkh izdkj dh jaxkbZ ds fy, vPNs gksrs gSa rFkk og lwrh fyuu rFkk foLdl js;kWu ds fy, mi;qDr gksrs gsaA ;s jax dks gkWV ;k dksYM ds :i esa iz;ksx fd;s tkrs gSaA

VkbZ ,oa MkbZ ds fy, /;ku esa j[kus okys dqN fcUnq gSa% • lHkh dk;Z LFkyksa rFkk Q’kZ dks IykfLVd ijns ls <d dj j[ksaA tgk¡ rd laHko gks [kqys esa jaxkbZ

djsaA • VkbZ ,oa MkbZ ds i’pkr~ diM+s dks ?kkl ds Åij yVdk;sa ;k mlds uhps v[kckj j[ksa tks Vidus okys jaxksa dks 'kksf"kr dj ysaA • vktdy lHkh jax LFkkbZ gksrs gSa ;fn os ,Sls u gksa rks muesa 2 cM+s pEep ued ;k 2 cM+s pEep fljdk MkbZ ckFk esa feyk,saA • Dyhatj dh lgk;rk ls lHkh nkx ,oa /kCcs diM+s ij ls lkQ djsa ;k ?kjsyw Cyhp dk iz;ksx djsaA VkbZ ,oa MkbZ djus ds i’pkr~ budks t+jh] xksVk rFkk LVksu vkfn ls vyaÑr fd;k tk ldrk gS ftlls og lqUnj fn[kkbZ nsaA

9-10 vH;klkFkZ iz’u (Terminal Questions) VkbZ ,oa MkbZ ds fy, dkSu dkSu ls MkbZ iz;ksx esa yk, tkrs gSa\ usQFkksy jaxksa ds D;k ykHk gSa\ Mk;jsDV MkbZ dk eq[; ykHk D;k gS\ fj,fDVo MkbZ }kjk vki VkbZ ,oa MkbZ dSls djsaxs] o.kZu djsaA

1. 2. 3. 4.

9-11 lanHkZ ,oa v/;;u ;ksX; iqLrdsa (Suggested Further Reading and References) 1.

Anderson, F. 1977. Tie Dyeing and Batik. Octopus Books Ltd., London

Maile, A. 1969. Tie and Dye as a present day craft. Taplinger Publishing Co., New York. Meilach, D.Z. 1973. Contemporary Batik and Tie-Dye. Crown Publishing Inc., New York.

9-12 'kCnkoyh (Glossary) jsft+LV IykfLVd QkWby

jksduk ¼jax dks ml LFkku ij tkus ls jksduk½ IykfLVd dh lrg