jfuax flLVe vksojgkWy 8- ÝaV lLisa”ku vksojgkWy fiNys v/;k; esa geus i<+k fd ÝaV lLisa”ku dks dSls fudkysa rFkk dSls ge eSd~Q+lZu LVªV dks [kksysa] mldk fujh{k.k djsa rFkk mls vlsEcy djds mls okfil yxk;saA bl v/;k; esa ge ckdh ds ikVZl tSls Oghy gc o czsd fMLd] Oghy fc;fjax rFkk LVh;fjax udy] dUVªksy vkeZ o LVsfcykbt+j ckj dks [kksydj] mudk fujh{k.k djds iqu% vlsEcy djsaxs vkSj var esa ge dkj esa flLVe ds dEiksusaV dks yxk;saxsA
8-0
mís”; bl v/;k; dks i<+us ds ckn vki bl ;ksX; gks tk;saxs fd% • •
8-1
ÝaV lLisa”ku flLVe ds vo;oksa dk fujh{k.k dj ldasA ÝaV lLisa”ku flLVe ds vo;oksa dks vlsEcy djds mUgsa dkj esa yxk ldsaA
vko”;d Lis”ky VwYl • dUVªksy vkeZ cq”k fjewoj • dUVªksy vkeZ cq”k bUlVkWyj
8-2
Oghy gc vkSj czsd fMLd
8-2-1
fMLeS fMLeSUV~V~fyax
igys Oghy gc dks czsd fMLd ls vyx djsaA blds fy;s& • • • •
jSpsV gSfUMy vkSj 14 u0 dh lkWdsV fjap ls pkjksa cksYV~l dks [kksysa pkjksa cksYV~l dks fLizax okW'kj lfgr gVk;saA gc dks IykfLVd gFkkSM+s ls pksV nsa vkSj czsd fMLd ls Oghy gc dks vyx djsaA Oghy cksYV~l dks gc ls vyx djus ds fy;s gc dks cSap okbl ij j[ksa vkSj cksYV dks ihNs dh rjQ ls fMª¶V iap ;k LVhy jkWM rFkk gFkkSM+s ls pksV ekjsaA
fp= 88-1% Oghy gc vkSj czsd fMLd
lHkh cksYV~l blh rjg ls vyx fd;s tk ldrs gSaA ;s cksYV~l cnyus dh t:jr iM+ ldrh gS ;fn budh pwfM+;k¡ [kjkc gksaA Oghy cksYV dks yxkus ds fy, gc dks iYVsa vkSj cksYV dks lqjk[k esa j[k dj gFkkSM+s dh lgk;rk ls Bksd nsaA ;g gkbMªkWfyd izsl ij Hkh yxk;s tk ldrs gSaA
95
8-2- 2
fujh{k.k
gc fc;fjax lhV dks f?klkoV ds fy;s tk¡psaA ;g tk¡p gc fLiaMy ds O;kl dks uki dj vFkok ubZ ckWy fc;fjax fLiaMy ij yxkdj] dj ldrs gSaA ;fn u;h fc;fjax gc esa <hyh ekywe nsrh gS rks u;k gc bLrseky djsaA • • •
8-2- 3
Oghy cksYV~l dh pwfM+;ksa dh tk¡p djsaA pwfM+;k¡ [kjkc gksus ij cksYV~l cny nsaA gc LIykbal dks f?klkoV ds fy;s tk¡psaA czsd fMLd dks f?klkoV vFkok Ldksfjax ds fy;s tk¡psaA ;fn fMLd [kjkc gks rks ubZ ls cny nsaA vlse~fCy
• gc dks czsd fMLd dh lhV ij Bhd rjg ls j[ksa rFkk 4 cksYV~l dks dlsaA • vkeus lkeus ds cksYVksa dks leku :Ik ls 14 uEcj ds lkWdsV ls dlsaA
8-3
Oghy fc;fjax ,oa LVh;fjax udy
8-3- 1
fMLeS fMLeSUV~V~fyax Oghy fc;fjax dks LVhy jkWM vFkok fMª¶V iap ls fudkysaA blds fy;s&
• fc;fjax dks LVhy jkWM rFkk gFkkSM+s dh lgk;rk ls vanj ls Bkssd dj gc ls vyx djsaA vkW;y lhy rFkk Lislj Hkh fc;fjax ds lkFk fudy vk;saxsA 8-3- 2
fujh{k.k
• LewFk jfuax vkSj lkbM Iys ds fy, ckWy fc;fjax dks tk¡psaA • fc;fjax dks gkFk ls ?kqekrs le;] vkokt ugha vkuh pkfg;sA ;fn ,slk gks rks bls cny nsaA vR;f/kd f?klh vkSj lkbM Iys okyh fc;fjax dks Hkh cny nsuk pkfg,A • Lislj dh lrgksa ij f?klkoV dh tk¡p djsaA • udy dks iyV nsa rFkk nwljh fc;fjax dks Hkh blh rjg ls vyx djsaA nksuks fc;fjax ,d gh lkbt dh gSaA • LVh;fjax udy esa fc;fjax ds cksj dks f?klkoV ds fy;s tk¡p ysaA • udy esa ckWy tkWbUV LVM ds Nsn rFkk LVM ykWfdax cksYV ds Nsn dks pSd djsaA • Vkb&jkWM ,UM Vsij gksy dks f?klkoV rFkk ,sBu ds fy;s tk¡p ysaA • ;fn Vkb&jkWM ,UM Vsij gksy f?klk ;k ,saBk gqvk gks rks udy dks cny nsaA • nwljh LVh;fjaax udy dks Hkh blh rjg ls tk¡psaA 8-3- 3
vlse~fCy
• udy esa vkmVj ckWy fc;fjax dks fQV djsa rFkk loksZ tse &3 xzhl dks fc;fjax ds dst ij yxk;saA • Lislj dks yxk;sa rFkk rc vanj dh fc;fjax dks gFkkSM+s rFkk fc;fjax bULVkWyj dh lgk;rk ls yxk;saA • ubZ vkW;y lhy ds gksBksa dks ckgj dh vksj j[krs gq;s IykfLVd gFkkSM+s dh lgk;rk ls yxk;saA
96
8-4
daVªksy vkeZ
8-4- 1
fMLeS fMLeSUV~V~fyax
• •
8-4- 2
daVªksy vkeZ dh cqf'kax dks gkbMªkWfyd izsl rFkk cq'k fjewoj dh lgk;rk ls fudkysaA [kks[kys csyu dsk daVªksy vkeZ cq'k ds Nsn ds uhps j[ksaA cq'k fjewoj dks cq'k ds Åij j[ksa vkSj /khjs /khjs nck;saA fujh{k.k
• cq'k dks vyx djus ds ckn vkeZ rFkk ckWy tkWbUV LVM dks VwV QwV rFkk f?klkoV ds fy;s tk¡psaA ckWy tkWbUV dks vklkuh ls pyus ds fy, tk¡psaA • ;fn ckWy tkWbUV <hyk gks rks iwjh daVªksy vkeZ dks cny nsa D;ksafd ckWy tkWbUV] daVªksy vkeZ dk vfHkUu vax gSA • ckWy tkWbUVl MLV doj dh tk¡p djsaA ;fn [kjkc gks ;k dVk gqvk gks rks mls cny nsaA • daVªksy vkeZ dks ,saBu] eqM+ko rFkk tax ds fy;s tk¡psaA ;fn ,slk gks rks ubZ daVkª sy vkeZ bLrseky djsaA 8-4-3
vlse~fCy
• daVªksy vkeZ dks likV lrg ij j[ksaA • daVkª sy vkeZ cq'k ij lkcqu dk ikuh yxkdj daVªksy vkeZ gksy ij j[ksaA • cq'k dks bUlVkWyj dh enn ls /khjs&/khjs nckdj yxk nsaA
8-5
LVsfcykbt+j ckj
8-5- 1
fujh{k.k
• • •
lcls igys LVsfcykbtj ckj dh tk¡p] mlds eqM+k gksus ;k ,saBu esa gksus ds fy, djsa vkSj mldh pwfM+;k¡ Hkh tk¡p ysaA LVsfcykbt+j ckj ds pkj jcM+ ds cq'kksa vkSj nks ekm¡V cq'kksa dh tk¡p djasA nks ekm¡fVax czSØsVksa dks ns[ksa fd tax rks ugha yx x;k gSA
;fn dksbZ Hkkx [kjkc ik;k tk;s rks mls cny nsaA LoewY;kadu iz”u 1. 2.
ckWy fc;fjax dks dSls pSd djrs gSa\ fc;fjax ds fy;s dkSu lh xzhl mi;ksx djrs gSa\
8-6
dkj esa vo;oksa dks yxkuk
8-6- 1
daVªksy vkeZ
97
• • • • 8-6- 2
dkj esa cus daVªksy vkeZ ekmafVax czsdsV rFkk cq'k dh lkbMksa ij xzhl yxk;saA dkj dh ckWMh esa cus ekmafVax czsdsV esa daVªksy vkeZ dh cq'k okyh rjQ dks j[ksaA dkj dh ckWMh esa cus FkzsMsM gksy esa cksYV dks daVªksy vkeZ cqf'kax esa ls fudkyrs gq;s dlsaA daVªksy vkeZ dks f{kfrt ls 10± 50 dks.k ij j[krs gq;s cksYV dks lgh VkWdZ ij dlsaA LVªV ,lsEcyh
• LVªV vlse~fCy dks dkj dh ckWMh eas uhps ls yxk;sa o LVªV liksVZ ds nksuksa LVMksa dks Nsnksa ls fudky dj vlse~fCy dks idM+s j[ksaA • fLizax okW'kj j[kdj 12 uEcj ds uVksa dks lgh VkWdZ ij dlsaA 8-6- 3
LVh;fjax udy
• ckWy TkkSbaV LVM] LVh;fjax udy esa fLiMay ds lqjk[k rFkk ,Dly fLiaMy dh LIykbal ij xzhl yxk;saA • fLiaMy rFkk daVªksy vkeZ ckWy TokbaV LVM dks udy ds muds Nsnksa esa yxk;saA • udy ds Åijh Hkkx dks LVªV czSdsV esa j[ksaA • nksuksa cksYV~l dks lkeus ls yxk;asA • 14 uEcj dh lkWdsV ls uVksa dks lgh VkWdZ ij dlsaA • ckWy TkkSbaV LVM dks Bhd ls lSV djas rFkk mls DySEi djus ds fy;s 14 uEcj cksYV dks LVM xzwo ls fudkyrs gq;s udy esa lgh VkWdZ ij dlsaA • LVh;fjax udy Nsn esa Vkb jkWM dks yxk;sa rFkk 17 uEcj dh LiSuj ls dkly uV dks dlsaA • Vkb jkWM ,UM esa fLifyV fiu dks dkly uV esa ls gksrs gq;s yxk;sa vkSj Bhd ls eksM+saA 8-6- 4
Oghy gc rFkk czsd fMLd
• Oghy gc dks czsd fMLd ds lkFk Mªkbo 'kk¶V fLiaMy ij yxk;sa vkSj gc dks vanj dh rjQ gkFk ls /kdsyrs gq;s vPNh rjg ls lSV djsaA • Oghy gc ds vUnj ls Mªkbo 'kk¶V dks /kDdk nsa ftlls fLiaMy] gc ls ckgj fudy vk;sA • Iysu okW'kj yxk;sa rFkk dkly uV dks 30 uEcj fjax LiSuj ls dlsa vkSj fQj VkWdZ djsaA • 14 uEcj lkWdsV ls czsd fMLd cksYVksa dks dlsaA • bl le; QqV czsd iSMy dks uhps dh vksj nck;s j[kuk pkfg;s ftlls fd gc ?kwes ughaA • fLifyV fiu dks dkly uV ls vkSj fLiaMy ds Nsn ls gksrs gq;s Mkysa vkSj vPNh rjg ls eksM+saA 8-6- 5
dSyhij
• dSyhij dks czsd fMLd ij yxkus ds fy;s ?k"kZ.k iSM~l dks LØw Mªkboj ;k yhoj ls QSyk ysa vkSj dSyhij dks czsd fMLd ij p<+k nsaA • dSyhij dks udy ds lkFk nks cksYV~l dh lgk;rk ls yxk;sa vkSj 17 uEcj ds lkWdsV rFkk jSpsV gSaMy ;k fjax LiSuj ls mUgsa dlsaA 8-6- 6
LVsfcykbt+j ckj
• jcj cq'k dks LVsfcykbt+j ckj ds nksuksa fljksa ij yxk;sa vkSj LVsfcykbtj ckj dks daVkª sy vkeZ esa lkeus ls yxk;saA
98
• ,d&,d jcj cq'k dks nksuksa daVªksy vkeZ esa ihNs ls cq'k ds 'kaDokdkj fljs ¼dksfudy ,UM½ dks vanj dh vksj j[krs gq;s] yxk;saA • ,d cM+k Iysu okW'kj vkSj dkly uV ,d lkbM esa yxk;sa vkSj 17 uEcj dh fjax LiSuj ls mls dlsaA • lgh VkWdZ ij dlus ds ckn fLifyV fiu dks dkly uV esa ls gksrs gq;s yxk;sa vkSj mls vPNh rjg eksM+ nsaA blh izdkj nwljh rjQ dkly uV yxk;sa vkSj ,d fLifyV fiu] uV dks <hyk gksus ls jksdus ds fy;s] yxk;saA • LVsfcykbt+j ckj ij ekmaV jcj cq'k yxk;sa rFkk n¨uksa czSdsV ÝaV Økl esEcj ij yxk;saA • pkjksa czSdsV cksYV~l dks 14 uEcj lkWdsV rFkk jSpsV gSafMy ls dlsaA • czsd gkst+ esa bZ&fjaax dks fQV djsaA bl rjg ÝaV lLisU'ku flLVe dks [kksyus rFkk yxkus dh fof/k [kRe gksrh gSA blds ckn ifg;ksa dks yxkdj dkj dks tehu ij uhps mrkjk tk ldrk gSA LoewY;kadu iz”u 3. 4. 5.
daVksªy vkeZ dks f{kfrt ls -------------- dks.k ij dlk tkrk gSA czsd fMLd cksYV dks dlrs le; gesa D;k djuk pkfg,\ uV ywt+ gksus ls dSls jksdrs gSa\
8-7
lkjka'k
fiNys v/;k; rFkk bl v/;k; eas geus ÝaV lLisa'ku flLVe dh vksoj gkWfyax ds ckjs esa lh[kkA geus dkj dks gkbMªkWfyd xjkt tSd dh lgk;rk ls tehu ds Åij mBk;kA vkidks ;g ekywe gksuk pkfg, fd dgk¡ tSd dks yxk;k tk;s ftlls dkj ds uhps dh ckWMh [kjkc u gks vkSj dkj Åij mBh gqbZ voLFkk esa fLFkj jgsA lkFk gh /;ku jgs fd LykbfMax gSej bLrseky djrs oDr pksV u yxsA blh rjg ns[ksa fd fLizax dEizSlj fLizax dks vPNh rjg ls idM+s j[ks vU;Fkk ;g ckgj vk ldrh gS vkSj nq?kZVuk ?kV ldrh gSA bu ckrksa dk /;ku j[kus ls dke tYn o fcuk fdlh uqdlku ds gksxkA vxys v/;k; esa ge ihNs ds lLisa'ku flLVe dh vksoj gkWfyax ds ckjs esa i<+saxsA
8-8
LoewY;kadu iz”uksa ds lEHkkfor mÙkj 1.
2. 3. 4. 5.
8-9
tc fc;fjax dks gkFk ls ?kqekrs gSa rc dksbZ fdV&fdV dh vkokt ugha gksuh pkfg,A ;fn dksbZ vkokt gksrh gS ;k fc;fjax Bhd ls ugha ?kwerk gS rks fc;fjax dks cny nsuk pkfg,A cgqr T;knk f?klk gqvk ckWy fc;fjax ftlesa T;knk lkbM Iys gks mls Hkh cny nsuk pkfg,A loksZtse 3 10 ± 5° QqV czsd iSMy dks nckdj j[kuk pkfg, ftlls fd gc ?kwe u tk;sA fLIyV fiu dks LVM ;k uV ds Nsn esa Qalk;k tkrk gS ftlls fd og ?kwe u ldsA
lanHkZ ,oa foLr`r v/;;ukFkZ xzaFk lwph
99
•
ek:fr 800 lfoZl eSuq;y
8-10 “kCnkoyh “kCnkoyh ckWy tkWbUV
,d tkWbUV ftldh lajpuk ckWy ,oa lkWdsV izdkj dh gksrh gSA bldk bLrseky lLisa”ku flLVe esa djrs gSaA
czsd fMLd LVhy dh ,d fMLd tks Oghy gc ls tqM+h gksrh gS vkSj bls czsd iSM ds chp DyaSIk djds dkj dks /khjs fd;k tk ldrk gS ;k jksdk tk ldrk gSA dSfyij
,d ;w vkdkj dh gkmft+ax ftlesa gkbMªkWfyd flfyaMj rFkk fiLVu gksrk gS ftlls iSM] czsd yxkrs le; fMLd dks jksdrs gSaA
dUVªksy vkeZ
lLisa”ku flLVe dk ,d ikVZ tks LVh;fjaax udy dks dkj dh ckWMh ls tksM+rk gSA
fMª¶V iap
,d Vsij Vwy tks cksYV dks Mkyus ls igys nks Nsnksa dks feykrk gS ;k fc;fjax fudkyus ds fy, jkWM dk dke djrk gSA
gkbMªkWfyd ,d eSdsfudy ;qfDr tks VkbV fQV ikVZl dks vyx djus ;k tksM+us ds dke izsl vkrh gSA bldk jSe gkbMªkWfyd izs”kj ?kVus ;k c<+us ij dke djrk gSA
100
udy
dUVªksy vkeZ rFkk Oghy gc dks tksM+us okyk ikVZ ftlls ifg;s ?kwers gSaA
vkW;y lhy
xksykdkj jcj dk ikVZ tks rsy dks fjlus ls jksdrk gSA
97