H_CAF 105_FinalL2

Page 1

vkWVekschy~ bysfDVªdy flLVE flLVEl~ 2- pkft±ax flLVe dh tkap rFkk cSsap pkft±x dkj esa lgh rjg ls pkyw gkyr esa j[kh gqbZ cSVjh] batu dh vklku ØSafdx rFkk vU; fo|qr midj.kksa dk dk;Z lqfuf”pr djrh gSA bls pkft±x flLVe }kjk pktZ fd;k tkrk gSA vxj pkft±x flLVe esa dksbZ =qfV vk tk;s o og viuk dke Bhd ls u djs rks cSVjh dqN le; esa fMLpktZ gks tk;sxh o mls ckg~; L=ksr ls pktZ djuk gksxkA bl v/;k; esa ge pkft±x flLVe dh tk¡p djuk rFkk cSVjh dks cSap&pktZ djus ds ckjs esa i<+saxsA

2-0

mís”; bl v/;k; dks i<+us ds ckn vki bl ;ksX; gks tk;saxs fd% • dkj ds pkft±x flLVe dh tk¡p dj ldsaA • cSVjh dks cSap&pktZ dj ldsaA

2-1

bfDoi~ bfDoies~eaVs dh vko”;drk • eYVhehVj • pktZj • cSVjh&ikuh

2-2 pkft±x flLVe rFkk cSVjh dh tk¡p eYVhehVj dh lgk;rk ls cSVjh dh VfeZuy OkksYVst ukisaA iwjh rjg ls pktZ~M csVjh esa ;g 12 oksYV ls vf/kd gksuh pkfg,A vxj og de gS rks pktZj ls cSVjh esa cg jgh /kkjk dks ukisaA ¶;wft+cy Iyx ij pkft±x djaV dks eYVhehVj ls ukisaA pkft±x djaV dks vkWYVjusVj ls cSVjh dh rjQ cguk pkfg,A bls yksM vkWu djus ij de o batu dh xfr c<+kus ij vf/kd gksuk pkfg,A ,slk ik;s tkus ij le>uk pkfg, fd vkWYVjusVj Bhd ls dke dj jgk gS rFkk dkj dks pyk;s tkus ij cSVjh dks pktZ dj nsxkA vxj pkft±x flLVe Bhd ls dke ugha dj jgk gS rks cSVjh dks cSap&pkft±x ds fy, dkj ls fudky ysa rFkk pkft±x flLVe dks vkWVks&bysfDVªf”k;u ls pSd djk;saA pkft±x flLVe dh tk¡p dj ysus ds ckn • cSVjh ds oSUV Iyx [kksy nsaA

15


• t:jr gks rks lSyksa esa Åijh fu”kku rd cSVjh&ikuh Mkysa rkfd lHkh esa IysaVsa iwjh rjg ls bysDVªksykbV esa Mwc tk;saA /;ku jgs ikuh ckgj u QSys] lkQ+ dhi dk bLrseky dj ldrs gSaA • cSVjh VfeZuy ls ‘+’ rFkk ‘-‘ DySEi fMLduSDV djsaA • VfeZuy lkQ djsaA • DySEi lkQ djsa rFkk mUgsa VfeZuy ij dl nsaA mUgaas <hyk u NksM+s vkSj u gh vf/kd dlsaA • VfeZuy ij xzhl yxk;saA • ‘+’ VfeZuy ij IykfLVd dSi yxk;saA • cksuV dks cUn dj nsaA 2.3

cSVjh dh pkft±x

(Bench-charging)

vke rkSj ij cSVjh vkWYVjusVj }kjk iw.kZ pktZ fLFkfr esa j[kh tkrh gSA ijUrq vxj vkWYVjusVj cSVjh dks pktZ ugha dj ikrk vkSj bl ckr dk irk ugha yx ikrk rks cSVjh fMLpktZ gks tkrh gS rFkk cSVjh dks fudkydj ckgj pktZ djuk iM+rk gSaA vxj cSVjh dh VfeZuy OkksYVst de gks ;k mlds bysDVªksykbV dk fof”k’V ?kuRo de gks rks mls cká pktZj }kjk pktZ fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA cSVjh dks ckgjh pktZj ls pktZ fd;k tk ldrk gS tksfd ,d dkSUlVsUV iksVsfU”k;y e”khu gks ldrh gSA blesa yxs fjgksLVsV }kjk pktZj dh vkmViqV OkksYVst cnyh tk ldrh gSA ;g pktZj lIykbZ esu ls fctyh ysrk gS] fQj mls LVSi Mkmu djds jsfDVQkbZ djrk gS ftlls cSVjh pktZ dh tk ldrh gSA cSVjh dks pktZ djus ds fy;s & • cSVjh dk /kukRed VfeZuy] pktZj ds /kukRed VfeZuy ls rFkk cSVjh dk J`.kkRed VfeZuy pktZj ds J`.kkRed VfeZuy ls tksM+saA • bysDVªksykbV dk ysoy lHkh lSyksa esa Åijh fu”kku rd lqfuf”pr dj ysa ;k oSUV Iyx [kksy dj tk¡p ysa fd lHkh lSyksa esa IysVsa bySDVªksybV esa Mwch gqbZ gSaA • xSlksa ds ckgj fudyus ds fy;s osUV Iyxksa dks [kqyk j[ksaA • pktZj dks vkWu djsa o djaV dks] pktZj dh vf/kdre jsfVax ds fglkc ls] lSV djsaA pkftZax djUV dks pktZj esa yxs ,sehVj }kjk i<+k tk ldrk gSA lkekU;r% pkftZax djUV dks de ¼3&5 ,sEih;j½ j[kk tkrk gS rFkk bl izdkj ds pktZj esa] tksfd ,d dkWULVsUV iksVsfU”k;y e”khu gS] tSls & tSls cSVjh pktZ gksrh tkrh gS oSls oSls pkftZax djUV de gksrh tkrh gSA pktZj esa nks daVªksy ukWc g®rh gSa ftuls pkftZax OkksYVst vkSj blls pkftZax djaV lSV dh tk ldrh gSA cSVjh dks iw.kZ :i ls pktZ gksus esa 10&12 ?kUVs ;k blls Hkh vf/kd yx ldrs gSaA cSVjh dks ml n”kk esa iw.kZ :i ls pktZ ekurs gSa tc mlds lHkh lSyksa ls xSl fudy jgh gks rFkk ,d ?kUVs ds vUrjky ij rhu gkbMªksehVj jhfMax leku eku iznf”kZr djsaA bl ckr dk lnSo /;ku j[ksa fd CkSVjh ds iw.kZ :i ls pktZ gksus ls igys pkftZax dks u jksdsaA LoewY;kadu iz”u 1.

16

pkft±x djaV dks ----------------------- ij ------------------- dh enn ls pSd djrs gSaA


cSVjh pktZ djrs oDr oSUV [kqys D;ksa NksM+rs gSa\ dkWULVSaV iksVSfU”k;y e”khu esa cSVjh pktZ gksus ij pkft±x djaV ---------------------- gks tkrh gSA pkft±x esa ---------------------- ?kaVs yx ldrs gSaA cSVjh dks iwjh rjg pktZM dc ekurs gSa\

2. 3. 4. 5.

2-4

fØ;k dyki 1- dkj ds pkft±x flLVe dh tk¡p djsa o fjisfV cuk;ssaA

2-5

lkjka”k

dkj dh cSVjh ;a=or~ pktZ gksrh jgrh gS tc dkj pyrh gS pwafd batu ls vkWYVjusVj dks pky feyrh gS tks pkft±x djaV nsrk gSA exj vxj pkft±x flLVe Bhd ls dke u dj jgk gks ;k vxj dkj yacs vjls rd pyk;h u x;h gks rks cSVjh fMLpktZ gks tk;sxh vkSj rc mls ckg~; L=ksr ls pktZ djus dh t:jr iM+sxhA bls ge cSap&pkft±x dgrs gSa rFkk bldh fof/k bl v/;k; esa crk;h x;h gSA cSVjh pktZ djus ds vykok pkft±x flLVe dh tk¡p djds mlesa ik;s x;s nks’kksa dks Hkh nwj djuk pkfg;sA

2-6

LoewY;kadu iz”ukssa ds lEHkkfor mÙkj 12345-

2-7

¶;wft+cy Iyx] eYVhehVj rkfd xSlsa ckgj fudy ldsa de 10&12 tc lHkh lSyksa ls xSl fudy jgh gks o ,d ?kaVs ds varjky ij yh x;h 3 gkbMªksehVj jhfMax leku gksa

vH;klkFkZ iz”u 1- dkj ds pkft±x flLVe ds tk¡p dh fof/k crk;saA 2- cSap&pkft±x dh fof/k crk;saA

2-8

lanHkZ ,oa foLr`r v/;;ukFkZ xzaFk lwph •

2-9

LVSUMMZ cSVjh lfoZl EkSU;qvy] 1961] rhljk laLdj.k- LVSUMMZ cSVjht+ fy0] ckWEcs-

“kCnkoyh

¶+;wft+cy Iyx

¶+;wt tks fi?ky dj lfdZV dks [kksy nsrk gS rkfd vR;f/kd djaV ls midj.k [kjkc u gksA blesa fLFkr ¶+;wft+cy fyad esu lfdZV esa mi;ksx gksus okyh rkj ls 4 xst lkbt iryh rkj dk gksrk gSA

17


18

oSUV Iyx

cSVjh lSy doj ds <DduA buesa lqjk[k gksrs gSa ftuls xSlsa fudy ldsaA

cSVjh ikuh

ikuh ftlesa yo.k u gksA

cSap pkftZax

ckg~; pktZj ls pkft±x djukA

fj;ksLVsV

;qfDr ftlls fo|qr lfdZV esa /kkjk fu;af=r dh tk lds( ,slk izfrjks/k ds eku dks ?kVk&c<+k dj fd;k tkrk gSA

xSflax

cSVjh ds pktZ fLFkfr esa vkus ij ikuh ds fo?kVu ls gkbMªkstu rFkk vkWDlhtu xSlksa dk fudyukA



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