SHORTHAND I (ENGLISH) 9. ASPIRATE (H), UPWARD AND DOWNWARD R, L & SH There are a number of consonants for which stroke can be made in two ways i.e. in two forms. A stenographer should be able to identify the use of each form to represent such consonants.
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Objectives After going through this lesson you will be able to-
9.1
1)
make the stroke of H followed by vowels;
2)
understand the denotations by using a downward or upward H;
3)
make other denotations for consonant H when the stroke for upward / downward ‘H’ is inconvenient to make;
4)
make strokes for R, L and SH preceded or followed by vowels; and
5)
understand the different conditions for using a downward R, L, & SH.
Introduction
In this chapter, the use of different forms of consonants H, R, L and SH are described. It improves the skill of a stenographer, by imparting knowledge to distinguish the use of two forms of a consonant. A student is trained to make the outlines of various difficult words in easy manner.
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Downward and Upward 'H'
Consonant H is classified as an aspirate because these follow vowels. Two forms of 'H', downward and upward, have been formed to avoid awkward joining of phrases. 9.2.1
Downward 'H' Downward 'H' is written when it is not accompanied by another consonant standing alone. For example:
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