ZESTYHILL

ZestyHill rethinking Domesticity: urban Farming as a response to urbanization, Food Scarcity and Inadequate Green Space

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New models of housing, social interaction and an awareness of nature utilizing strategies of food production in the spaces we live in.

Sakura Enggarwartini Nuova Accademia di Belle Arti BA Design AA 2013 - 2014 Thesis Advisor: Timothy Power Marticulation No: 4958DE

Index

01 02 03 04 05

introduction 03 foreword 05 urban living

research 27 97 105

domestic strategies the challenge further studies

development 183 185

early sketches concept development

zestyhill

195 introduction: zestyhill 207 the 6 principles of zesty hill 209 interior space + architectural diagrams 249 structures and elements 257 materials

conclusion 261 conclusion: zestyhill 263 bibliography

Foreword: The Course

Spaces could be treated as container where things exist - it can come as the tiniest cell that hold millions of molecules to the biggest skyscraper that hold thousands of people.

It could be inside, it could be outside.

It could be lived in, it could not.

It could have a shell, it could be a skeleton. +++ How can the space we live in make a better way of living?

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What makes our living environment?

Rethinking Domesticity means to create a better life for people; a better living space that can make their life more easier.

What if we could solve problems through space?

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urban Living understanding the 5 different city typologies and the way people live

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Space is infinite.

A person sits on a furniture.

A furniture sits in a room.

A room sits in a house.

A house sits in a neighborhood.

A neighborhood sits in a city.

A city has a flow.

The movement of a city change the way people live.

Each city has its own typologies -- Vertical cities, Historical cities, Suburban cities, Expanding cities, and Hybrid cities. All of these city typologies serves different functions for their own flow within the city. The city researches reveal different way of living and how each problems and solutions differ depending on city types.

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City Typologies: How they impact our world and the society

the snowball effect: rapid growth, Questions regarding the shape, size, density and distribuexpansion, and globalization tion of the city have become increasingly complex, and the

impact of the built-environment on social affairs and quality of life are at the forefront of discussions regarding domestic living and urban planning - private and public space.

With this study we aim to research cities that we’ve classified into five different urban types - vertical cities, expanding cities, suburban cities, historical cities and hybrid cities. We will look at how the are growing, how the citizens live an move within these cities and how each urban type has their own particular issues, their own particular ‘beauty , and hope fully, her own particular possible means of improvement.

Over the past century, our world has witnessed tremendous change. Urban migration, increased density, ongoing expansion of the urban fabric, globalization, human mobility and environmental concerns are the major issues confronting humanity and the urbanization of “the city”.

In the 1990’s, only 10% of the population lived in cities. Cities were the centers where people, cultures and economies collide, and where the people who live within them came in an attempt improve the lives. It would be a mistake to believe that problems such as unbridled urban growth, congestion, environmental pollution, uncontrolled-unauthorized and unsanitary slums are exclusive to the contemporary era. As recent as 2007, 50% of the global population lived in urban centers and due to the enormity of accelerated expansion, by 2050, 75% will be living in these metropolitan cities. This means that for the first time in the history of humanity, more than half of the Earth’s population is already living - and more will live in dense urban areas.

From this page: Below, Jakarta city night skyline; From opposite page: Jakarta seen from above

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cities: some things to consider What characteristics inherently distinguishes one from another? How can we better understand these cities, and how do their citizens see and live within them? When, why and how did domestic environments become less important than public space? How can we improve domestic living, ensuring a flexible, energy efficient and diverse environment with proper relations to the societies they are within?

How do the constituent parts of a building, it’s interiors, combine to create urban morphology? What about the diffused modernity? What is the role of the design, service design, product design in improving domestic living? And what about Italian design? Is Italian designs ability to create ‘intimate situations’ unique and vital?

Before reviewing these questions we must ask ourselves: when did these urban changes happen? How did cities become dull and unlivable? How did urban citizens get suppressed by the interests of relentless development in cities itself?

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the truth about modern cities In the twentieth century cities grew more than ever before. Architects and urban planners found new ways to get more ‘real estate’ in the city. They built skyscrapers, often without taking into consideration the quality of the individual dwelling units. Modern cities all over the world face similar problems. Where there is density, often there is poor housing. People often live in old houses or huts that do not have electricity or sanitation.

As third world city populations continue to grow, governments do not have the money to build modern housing for those in need.

In many parts of the world, more and more people have moved away from the inner city and settled in the suburbs.

These were places where the quality of life was viewed as better. Later, these suburbs replaced small towns. Residents now live there yet have to travel to work, or to the city center. So to move longer distances, cars have increased pollution. Daily traffic jams make it impossible for people to get to work in time. Luckily, city authorities are spending more and more money on public transportation, urban mobility and are talking other steps to reduce traffic in cities.

From this page: Left, New York City seen from above; Above, Traffic in Jakarta, Indonesia From opposite page: Above, Pedestrian walk in Tokyo, Japan; Below, View of Athens

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“Cities have the capability of providing something for everybody, only because, and only when, they are created by everybody.�

- Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities

From this page: Above, View of New York City at night; From Opposite page: Above, Man in a store in Bangkok, Thailand, Below, The panoramic view of Dubai, United Arab Emirates

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emerging problems in our society

Most citizens approach their dealings with the state of unwitting acceptance. Manners and rituals with strangers are looked on a s formal, dry and phony. The stranger is a threatening figure, and few people can take great pleasure in the world of strangers, the cosmopolitan city citizens.

However, a society stands in general for those who are connected with association and mutual commitment. A connection that exists between people who are not joined together by ties of family or intimate association; it is the bond of a crowd, of a ”people”, of a “community”, rather than the bonds of family or friends.

Cities of today face numerous social problems as well.

Crime rates, alcoholism and drug addiction are especially high in a lot of cities. Many young people are unemployed. Larger multiethnic cities face conflicts between groups with different cultural backgrounds. People, withdrawn into themselves, don’t see others; they may touch the others, but they don’t feel the others; they exist within themselves, for themselves, without the sense of society. Today, public life has became a matter of a formal obligation.

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The 5 Main City profiles:

How the typologies shape our lifestyle

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Above: Quick sketch of an imaginary ctity block, taken from notebook

vertical city These megacities from all over the world, are very different in their way, but they also have many things in common; apart from the fact that they are known to be world metropolises and home to thousands of skyscrapers, they all have a rap- idly growing population and economy. In many ways this is a positive development; it opens up to a blossoming culture, a feeling of unity and a competitive market.There is also a down side to this development. As a result of many people living in a small area, these cities face severe challenges regarding living situations. For cities like these, poor housing, hygiene, pollution and crime is a everyday problem.

EXPANDING CITIES Urban Sprawl is an unplanned, uncontrolled spreading of urban development into areas adjoining the edge of a city. The majority of the world’s population live in cities - by 2050 more than 75% is expected to live in the city, meaning that the number of urban residents grow nearly by 60 millions every year. Urban sprawling areas are characterized as highly dependent on automobiles for transportation. Activities such as shopping and commuting require the use of a vehicle. This is a result of the residential areas isolation from both the city, industrial and commercial zones. Walking and other methods of transit are not practical; therefore, many areas have few or no sidewalks - residents of sprawling neighborhoods tend to emit more pollution and suffer more traffic fatalities.

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suburban cities As cities develop and economy thrives, the crisis of living space in the city becomes an urgent issue. As it is no longer capable of holding in the increasing number of citizens, the land along the boundaries are made into tracts of housing, called suburbs, to meet the demand of residential spaces. Although suburban life is describe as a laidback lifestyle, many issues have been raised over the years. The increasing traffic during peak hours are caused by the commuting suburbanites trying to get in and out of the city.

Based on a study in 2011, drivers in Los Angeles waste around 56 hours in traffic per year. Some people consider these suburbanites as the enclosed and culture-deprived soci- ety who live in their own bubble, unaware and ignorant toward the outside world.

historical cities Lack of space, city conditions, vandalism, climate change, encroaching development and rampant commercialism; these are just a few of the threats facing priceless ancient historical cities around the world.

While over 200 sites in historical cities are in danger, the Global Heritage Fund has named these 12 sites as most likely to disappear if action isn’t taken immediately, erasing evidence of hundreds or even thousands of years of human history.

Continuously developed urban area, agglomeration, suburbs and exurbs, are ruining the historical core of 2/3 of the historical cities around the world.

hybrid cities “Hybrid” is a term given to a specific element that exhibits the characteristics of two or more other elements. There have been various theories about the concept of “Hybrid City”, a particular type of city that is derived from the combination of two or more contrasting elements. Essentially, A hybrid city is a place that serves as a melting pot for different cultures, infrastructures, economic values and traditions; the main characteristic of a Hybrid City is the sense of diversity to some extent. Physically, it also has a little bit of every kind of city within the city - such as vertical, expanding, suburban, and the historical types.

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5 Different City Types: A Closer Look Vertical Cities

Suburban Cities

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Hong Kong: One of the two special administrative regions of China, it has a separate political and economic system from that of the mainland. The city is known for it’s expansive skyline of and a bustling harbour. Hong Kong has an extreme density. In fact, only 25 % of the 1102 square kilometres is urbanised, due to mountainous terrain.

4 Cape Town: The se cond-most populated city in South Africa after Johannesburg. The city is famous for its harbour as well as for its biodiversity and various natural landmarks. It is one of the most multicultural cities in the world, reflecting its role as a major destination for immigrants and expatriates to South Africa.

2 New York: New York

is the largest city in the USA and is one of the most populous cities in the world. The city includes five boroughs; Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens and Staten Island - each representing a different way of living.

3 Tokyo: Japan is known to be the richest city in the world, making it one of the most expensive places to live. Because of extreme living costs in the city, many commuters live in tents in the park during the week, and go home to their families outside the city on weekends.

Expanding Cities 7 Bangkok: The capital

city of thailand -- since there were no zoning regulations in the city until 1992, the city has grown organically both vertically and horizontally from its original centre along the river to a sprawling metropolis, causing inadequate infrastructure systems.

Mumbai: The capital 8 city of India. It attracts many people to immigrant to seek employment and a better life.

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5 Colorado

Springs: Was founded as a resort town in 1871, and it is Colorado’s second largest city with a population of 414,658. It is a Home Rule Municipality that is the county seat and most populous city of El Paso County, Colorado, USA. Colorado Springs is situated near the base of one of the most famous American mountains, Pikes Peak, rising over 8,000 feet above the city.

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6 Cupertino: A city in

Santa Clara County, California and is considered as the 11th richest city in the USA with a population of over 60,000; an estimated per-capita income of $51,965 and a median household income exceeding $160,000.

Historical Cities

The population has grown 4% a year. An estimated 42% of the city’s inhabitants live in slums. c 9 Mexico City: Being

the capital city of Mexico, squatter settlements are a virulent form of urban sprawl, driven by poverty, corruption and lax environmental enforcement. Authorities in the Federal District, estimate that 65,000 illegal homes, with as many as 260,000 people occupy forests and farmland designated as conservation areas throughout the city’s southern end.

10 Paris: Paris is the cap ital and most populous city of France. It is situated on the River Seine, in the north of the country, at the heart of the Île-de-France region. The history of Paris, France, spans over 10,000 years, during which time the city grew from a small mesolithic settlement to the capital and primate city of France.

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11 Istanbul: Istanbul describes a large mixture of structures reflecting many influences that have made an indelible mark in all districts of the city. Throughout its long history, Istanbul has acquired a reputation for being a cultural and ethnic melting pot.

12 Athens: Athens was created by Hellenic people whose culture flourished on the Greek mainland and the Aegean Islands,

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Hybrid Cities and in colonies in Asia Minor and Italy for a period from about 900 BC until the 1st century AD, with the earliest remaining architectural works dating from around 600 BC. Athens is distinguished by its highly formalized characteristics, both of structure and decoration. It is seen in the case of temples where each building appears to have been conceived as a sculptural entity within the landscape.

13 Jakarta: The capital

city of Indonesia, located on the island of Java. Known as the world’s largest archipelago made of 13,000 islands,it is a major trade port amongst the South East Asian region. it is currently the 13th most populated city in the world, still growing along with its economy, which leads to issues such as heavy traffic and pollution. The city is located in a naturally flood-prone area.

14 Kuala Lumpur: Kuala

Lumpur, the capital city of Malaysia, also known as the Muddy River Junction, is considered as a young city located in Southeast Asia. Geographically, the country is divided into two islands and has a tropical weather condition all year long. Having around 1.6 million people living in the city, it could be seen as a melting pot of the South East Asian region.

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15 Santiago: Capital city of Chile. Santiago is the cultural, political and financial center of Chile. Its steady economic growth over the past few decades has transformed it into a modern metropolis. It has South America’s most extensive subway system.

Santiago is an economically divided city, the western half of the city is, much poorer than the eastern communes where the high-standard public and private facilities are concentrated.

Focusing on expanding and hybrid cities There are something in common between Hybrid cities and Expanding cities: they are cities that are always ‘shifting’, in terms of people, urban scenery, and unexpected things can happen at any time within the city. They are typically big cities, such as Jakarta, Kuala Lumpur, and Mexico city - usually with massive road structures and disorganized urban transportation system. People endlessly come and go, leave and take resources, representing itself as the meltingpot for many cultures and places.

Hybrid cities tend to emerge various problems such as lack of access to clean water, severe contrast between the rich and the poor, disorganized city space distribution, traffic problems and the rising number of homeless people.

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Growing up in a Hybrid city, I have realized that there are a lot of things that are noticable, and things that are not. These problems emerge in places where it is caused by their own problems. Lack of education tend to lead to these problems as well. As a response to food scarcity and unhealthy city condition, the Zesty Hill project is doesn’t only focus on green aspects and local food production, but is also strongly related to the way people think and behave. We will have a closer look as we go further in the next chapters.

From this page: Left, Traffic in Jakarta; Below, Water scarcity in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; From Opposite page: Above, Night view of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Below, Residential area in the Sunset district, San Francisco, USA

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Ultimately, a city is a reflection of the people who live in it. The quality of life in a city is greatly determined by the quality of its street life; if the streets are lively, authentic, humane and varied then the city assumes those qualities. What we aim to do with this study is to draw more attention to the situations of urban living, and to understand how these cities can become more livable, simply by looking at domestic environment as a point of departure for improving the quality of urban life. We will start with this study of urban life on a ‘macro scale’.

Later we will research service design, industrial design, tools and ‘objects’, and how, using this knowledge, we will look for new domestic tools and strategies as a starting point to improve the “qualities” of our contemporary world.

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Domestic Strategies understanding 5 different city typologies and the way people live

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The architectural research made has been broken down into different approaches which can help in shaping the project by looking at what people have done and how they have solved the problems out there. There are three main global strategies that have been considered throughout the project, which include 01_Micro Architecture 02_Lightness 03_Shared Resources It doesn’t just touch physical aspects of the architecture, but it also looks at the flow of the people, and how they manage to live through these strategies.

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Micro Architecture

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With the constant expansion of the world’s population, space is becoming more of a luxury for the people who have it, and a problem for the ones who don’t. 
The big cities of the world are already facing huge problems when it comes to housing their citizens, as well as the need for sustainable, economical shelter is stronger than ever. The challenge of today is to produce selfefficient houses that are more ecological and flexible - using as little space as possible. In this case study we have looked into projects where this has been the main focus. Clothing is the most intimate and oldest form of architecture - serving humans shelter and protection since the very beginning. We have done some research on pieces that is a mix between everyday clothing, as we know it today and micro-architecture.

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100m3 Apartment Architect MYCC Year 2012 Location Madrid, Spain Client --

Significant Innovation The 100m3 apartment is a housing with a total of one hundred cubic meters of volumetric space. As the space is limited, long and narrow, space division becomes the main challenge. The interior space integrates various sections that are connected to each other. The main concept was to imitate the space of old computer platform games – the architect described it as ‘an empty box waiting to be filled’, and that ‘moving from one room to another is a kind of small physical effort”. Elements such as ladders and staircases are used as a ‘bridge’ from one to another platforms.

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“The singular urban shelter is just twenty square meters and nevertheless is one hundred cubic metres of volume. In such an enclosed space should a single person live and work. He will use his creativity and dynamism to make it his own sweet home.�

-MYCC

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Keret House Architect Jakub Szczesny Year 2009 Location Warsaw, Poland Client Polish Modern Art Foundation

Significant Innovation The Keret House is considered as one of world’s narrowest house, with 92 cm at its narrowest and 152 cm at its widest point. Jakub Szczesny mentioned that “Keret House is a perfect example of the so-called “non-matching” in the city’s urban fabric. Another reason is the city’s war history – where the house is located, two ghettos – the large ghetto and the small ghetto met.

Only a few steps from the house, a bridge connecting the two closed spaces, stood”.

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one-Sqm-house Architect Van Bo le-Mentzel Year 2012 Location Berlin, Germany

Significant Innovation The One-Sqm-House is a DIY micro architecture that includes one square meter floor area in total – as a living space. It stretches up to 2 meters, and weighs about 40kg, which is structured of a wooden frame that can be easily assembled. It is transportable within a vehicle and can a multifunctional dwelling area. Besides a dwelling area, it can also transform to a mobile kiosk or an extra room inside an apartment.

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NA House Architect Sou Fujimoto Architects Year 2010 Location Tokyo, Japan Client --

Significant Innovation NA House was designed for a young couple in Tokyo, with a concept of a transparent house that has different level heights in the space. Fujimoto stated, “The white steel-frame structure itself shares no resemblance to a tree. Yet the life lived and the moments experienced in this space – it is a contemporary adaptation of the richness once experienced by the ancient predecessors from the time when they inhabited trees. Such is an existence between city, architecture, furniture and the body, and is equally between nature and artificiality.”

The total project area is about 914 square feet.

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Box House Architect Rintala Eggerstsson Architects

Significant Innovation

Year 2009

bedroom and the kitchen with dining. It was designed to have economical

Location Olso, Norway

Box Home is a prefab residential house which measures 5500cm by 5700cm -- with four rooms that covers basic needs; the bathroom, living room, and ecological benefit, due to its compact size. It emphasizes its quality of space, material and natural light, while it compacts its size of the floor area. Its facades are made of aluminum, while the interior materials consist of warm, wooden materials such as pine, birch, red oak and nut.

Client Galleri ROM 35

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Tiny House Architect Andrew and Gabriella Morrison Year 2014 Location Oregon Mountains, USA

Significant Innovation A tiny house built by two amateur couples, which built a tiny, functional house for themselves within 4 months. The fact that most of the spaces are shared leaves them with minimal hallways. The upper part of the space is also used as little pockets of rooms, meaning that they didn’t waste any vertical spaces.

The total project is 221 square feet (67sqm2), and is built on wheels, meaning that it could be transportable. They have also used ladders as a tool to move within the small space.

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mighty mouse Architect Nicholas Gurney Year 2013 Location Woolloomooloo, Australia Client --

Significant Innovation An apartment located in the inner-city eastern suburb of Sydney, Australia. It has a total of 290 square feet (around 27 square meter), which is considered as a very small apartment. He mentioned that “The project is an exercise in modest, low cost, good quality design that can be afforded. The micro apartment offers a proposal for future high-density urban living for one-person families; the fastest growing demographic. The color palette of black, yellow and red is borrowed from the tiny fictional character Mighty Mouse and is used to demarcate space.�

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02_

Lightness

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Lightness, in general, refer to spaces that give sensation of lightness, which have some shared characteristic, such as white color walls, translucent materials, have a close relationship with nature, and blurry boundaries between inside and outside. These elements are crutial because it could reduce the use of materials, and can create a light atmosphere within the space, and outside of the space.

Lightness can also be defined in terms of materials that are light in weight -- well shown especially through Japanese architects such as SANAA’s Moriyama House and Jun Igarashi’s Case House, and Junya Ishigami’s Private Residence.

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private residence in Chile Architect Junya Ishigami Year 2013 Location Secret Lcation, Chile Client Art Collector in Chile

Significant Innovation A one story disc-shaped dwelling sited in Chile that hovers on a cliff by the South Pacific ocean. It doesn’t have any window on the walls on the sides, but instead have several circular cutouts on the floor, which illuminates the natural light coming into the house. The access to the entrance is a bit hectic - located on one of the cutout holes, connected by a rope bridge that leads to a mountainous terrain. The structure seems like it is interwoven with the nature - revealing all of the views through the circular cutouts on the floor.

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Twilight Epiphany Architect James Turrell Year 2012 Location Houston, Texas, USA

Significant Innovation Skyspace is a space originally designed for musical performances and laboratory for music school students. It can flexibly transform into a public space, its capacity holding up to 120 people within the two levels. The main construction includes concrete, stone, composite steel, LED lights, grass, and a ceiling has a knife-edge cut that is open to the sky. His concept of light reflects the natural light of the sunrise and the sunset.

Client Rice University 45

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486 Mina El Hosn Architect Significant Innovation LAN, Agence Frank Boutté 486 Mina El Hosn is a tower that looks like a ‘mirror-tower’ that has been built (HEQ), Batiserf Ingénierie Year 2009 Location Beirut, Lebanon Client HAR Etudes, Bank Med

in the port area of Beirut, with its shell-riddled building representing the civil war. Having 140 meters high and 25 meters wide, it has four facades, which provides a good light coming from the exterior into the interior. The tower itself functions as an observation device, meaning that it reflects the views of Beirut – the details of the city are visible from then tower. The base has a recreating public space, including commercial units, roof garden, and pedestrian alleys with some vegetation.

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Shoffice Garden pavilion Architect Platform 5 Year 2012 Location London, England Client Millimetre

Significant Innovation Shoffice (shed + office) is a garden pavilion with a small office on the garden storage space. The concept was to have an organically shaped sculptural micro architecture as a workspace. It seems like a wooden log shell with glazed transparent glass on the sides, revealing the interiors while harmoniously integrating it with the nature. It consist of two roof lights, one as a skylight and one that projects light to the workspace. This project is a result of collaboration between Architect, Structural Engineer and a Contractor.

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Moriyama House Architect SANAA ( Kazuyo Sejima + Ryue Nishizawa) Year 2005 Location Tokyo, Japan Client Yasuo Moriyama

Significant Innovation A prefab ‘house made of garden’ instead a garden within a house; Each rooms are scattered around the garden as individual buildings, serving different functions. Blending the outdoor within the interiors, the dwellers are given freedom to go outside order to go to other rooms to travel within the space.

Nishizawa explained, “In this house, the client is given the freedom to decide which part of this cluster of rooms is to be used as a residence or as rental rooms. He may switch among the series of living and dining rooms or use several rooms at a time according to the season or other circumstances.”

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garden & house Architect Ryue Nishizawa Year 2011 Location Tokyo, Japan Client --

Significant Innovation Garden and house is a five-story building residential project that has no ‘true façade’ but walls of household plants – making it a giant vertical garden. The concept is to integrate nature within the space together -- it’s almost like living in a garden. It is mainly structured with a series of stacked concrete floor slabs that has transparent railings and curtains on the edge.

In here, curtain is emphasized to use it as a tool to divide the interior and exterior of the house to provide its privacy.

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Curtain House Architect Shigeru Ban Year 1995 Location Tokyo, Japan

Significant Innovation Essentially, the concept of the Curtain house is to replace walls with curtains -- this resembles how boundaries between inside / outside can be determined by different materials. The house represents the reflection of the owner’s lifestyle. Though it may seem fragile in terms of climatic conditions, it has the ability to control its opening and closing glazed doors that can completely enclose the house for insulation purposes.

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Maison L Architect Christian Pottgiesser Year 2004 - 2011 Location Yvelines, France Client --

Significant Innovation A cluster of five three-storey residential buildlings, ideal for a family of six. The houses work as a small town; each towers on the top provides private areas, and the lower ground are all connected - providing a communal space with natural sunlight coming in from the glass placed above the edge of the rooms.

All of the buildings are eight meter each, which comes along with a hipped or gabled roof. The total surface area is 926 sqm, and 4850sqm for the whole garden surface.

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lightwalls Architect mA-Style Year 2013 Location Toyokawa, Japan Client --

Significant Innovation A house with a total area of 266 square meters. The architect explained, “The site is in a shady location where a two-story neighboring house closely stands on the south side. Therefore, the design intended to create a space with uniformly distributed light by adjusting the way of letting daylight in, and the way of directing the light. By taking into consideration the space for the residents, the functions for living, and the relationship with the surrounding environment, creation of a diversity and richness in the house was intended by controlling the concept of light.�

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itami house Architect Tato Architects Year 2012 Location Itami, Japan

Significant Innovation Itami house is a residential project that has a total of 95 square meters – its architectural elements such as stairs, laundry space, closets, handrails and toilets are treated as furniture. For example, the stairs could be a drawer. It has good amount of sunlight coming into the space, from the big window placed on the south. The light conditions change as one steps on the stairs to the second floor.

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Case house Architect Jun Igarashi Architects Year 2012 Location Sapporo, Japan Client Ooka Industry

Significant Innovation Case house is a three-stories residence with two main elements: a wooden ladder and a pair of winding steel staircases that connect each of the rooms.

The main living room goes up to seven meter high, allowing the inhabitants to see each other within the space. There are three wooden lofts in total – and everything is connected to the ceiling by the steel rods that work as a staircase. This house has total floor area of 81 square meters with a timber frame as their main structural construction.

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ogimachi Global pharmacy Architect Ninkipen! + TKY Japan Year 2011 Location Osaka, Japan

Significant Innovation The Ogimachi Global Dispensing Pharmacy is considered as a new construction of a Pharmacy, located in the heart of Osaka. The site used to be a farm road and a small house was built on the road during the end of the World War II. The interior has a continuous ceiling, which reflects the linear perspectives of the road. The construction is simply made of steel-frame, which exposes the columns and rafters.

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green village Architect Ibuku Year 2012 Location Bali, Indonesia Client --

Significant Innovation The Green Village is a community of ecological houses that are located along the river with access to an educational facility. The key points of this building are that most of the materials used were bamboos – they are used with vast range of traditional building methods that are considered high quality. Elora Hardy from Designboom mentioned, “even sustainable timber can’t begin to compare with bamboo as a conscientious building material. With very few resources or attention a bamboo shoot can become a structural column within three years, and that house could stand strong for a lifetime.’

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Shared Resources

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The culture of sharing has always been familiar with the nature of human life. Sharing has a very broad term, from shared living spaces, shared facilities, to shared digital contents.

Today, sharing could be driven by different factors. It could due to the crisis of space, or the desire to preserve energy, or even to monetize unused spaces or objects in return of some good old cash. In this digital age of ’share economy’, thanks to the internet, many services are offering the benefits of consuming without the costs of ownership. This series of case studies will look at how the act of sharing has evolved from the past, and how it is practiced differently in different cultures throughout the world.

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CentrAal Beheer Building Architect Herman Hertzberger Year 1972 Location Apeldoorn, The Netherlands

Significant Innovation Hertzberger challenged the idea that ‘form follows function’. Instead, he believes that the core function of a building does not provide the total solution to space usage, meaning that it is a structure that should enable its users to interpret and define how they inhabit it. It is a office space that opens up to the streets outside. The essential idea of the building is treated as a settlement, which comes with a larger number of equal spatial units, seen like many islands strung together.

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LT Josai Shared House Architect Naruse-Inokuma Architects Year 2013 Location Nagoya, Japan Client --

Significant Innovation LT Josai is a shared house in Nagoya with communal areas for eating, cooking and relaxing that encourage the residents to interact in different ways. It has a total area of 307 square meters, with 12.4 square meters for the individual rooms. The concept of a ‘shared house’ is relatively becoming a popular lifestyle in Japan, where resources are shared between the inhabitants, who are unrelated strangers. All of the bedrooms have identical dimensions, and are located across all of the building’s levels. Communal areas such as the kitchen, dining and rug area are placed on the floor.

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penhouse Mountain Architect Zhang Lin Year 2013 Location Beijing, China Client Zhang Lin

Significant Innovation The Penthouse Mountain is an “Illegal� villa built on top of a high-rise 26 story building in Beijing built by Professor Zhang Lin. After he purchased over 10,000 square foot (around 304,800 square meters) of space on the penthouse, he took 6 years in total, gradually building it as he moved the rocks and rubbles to construct the mountain. Despite the ecological factors, the inhabitants living underneath the artificial mountain are filled with fear of encountering the gradual destruction of the structure of the building.

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Giken Eco Cycle Architect Giken Seisakusho Co. Ltd Year 2013 Location Tokyo, Japan

Significant Innovation Eco Cycle is an underground bicycle parking system that takes up less street space. It works like an underground storage, approximately 11 meters deep and stores up to 200 bicycles in total. The cylindrical shape measures 8.5 meters by 11.6 meters. It’s divided into two layers – the surface where users store from aboveground, and the underground space where the bikes are stored. It has an automatic system that takes eight seconds to store the bike.

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BIL Architect BIG Architects (Bjarke Ingels) Year 2005 Location Oerestaden, Denmark

Significant Innovation The concept was to make a dwelling for hundreds of automobiles – a sloped, snake-like structure that reaches over a kilometer slithering around the site serving as showrooms. This isn’t just home for the cars, but it also comes with residential purposes. All of the duplex apartments are located above the car showrooms. All of the apartments come with private roof terrace.

Client Oerstads Selskabet 85

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celosia Architect BLANCO LEO + MVRDV Year 2009 Location Madrid, Spain Client EMVS

Significant Innovation A residential apartment social housing with eight pre- fabricated units placed in a form of a checkerboard, leaving spaces in between each buildings, forming a communal gardens for the inhabitants. It contrasts with the chaotic environment because of the light and good ventilation that goes throughout the building. The constructed area was about 21,550 square meters with the budget of 12.6M Euro. The main material used was concrete coated with polyurethane coating, because it cut costs efficiently.

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Met Stretched Metal housing Architect BIG Architects (Bjarke Ingels) Year 2006 Location Holbæk, Denmark

Significant Innovation MET Stretch Metal Housing is a residential project by BIG that is under the status of ‘idea’, meaning that it doesn’t have any plans to be built yet.

Shaped like a curved dovetail, it holds up to 150 residences in total. The concept is to have a closer relationship between the building, inhabitants and the open green spaces. As the building is surrounded by waterfronts, it allows the inhabitants to get a water view from their dwellings.

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fujian tulou Architect -Year 12th - 20th century Location Fujian, China Client --

Significant Innovation Chinese earthen traditional rural houses that goes
up to 46 stories, located in the mountainous area of China. Its cluster works like a small village with their own community in each of the buildings. It houses
up to 800 people in each buildings, which works as a communal living. The structure: Each building only have one entrance and windows placed only above first floor because they were designed to defend the dwellers. Buildings are divided vertically between families and the interiors are usually decorated unlike their exterior.

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food Architect -Year -Location -Client --

Significant Innovation Food as a shared resource has existed in many different forms. From traditional to modern supermarkets selling raw and packaged food, to restaurants and cafes serving prepared meals, and then to the more casual street food and food trucks. Food is being considered as a shared resource because the process it takes to get from a farmer to a consumer involves a large network of people. From harvesting, processing, packaging, marketing and finally, delivery to a consumer. It is a type of sharing for a price.

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piazza Architect -Year -Location -Client --

Significant Innovation A piazza, or a town square, is a public open space, commonly found in the heart of an old city for community gatherings. Piazzas are mostly paved and ornamented with a fountain, well, monument or a statue.

A piazza is commonly situated in the meeting of two or more streets. Most old cities have several piazzas with streets radiating from the centre.Today, a piazza remains a center of community life. In modern usage, a piazza can be any gathering place on a street or between buildings, a street intersection with a statue, etc.

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the challenge how can urban agriculture be a solution to food scarcity

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“Obviously if humanity expires from global warming, overpopulation, pollution, starvation, and lack of water, it will matter very little whether civil right have been achieved, the Middle East is at peace, an aids vaccine exists, or the national debts have been paid. In point, all of these threats to our survival are directly or indirectly related to environmental destruction.”, -James Wines (introduction of Green Architecture) *** No matter what problems we’re currently facing in this world will eventually disappear once we realize that we’re in great danger – meaning that we’ve only have each other, and the environment that we live in. Once we lose it, there’s no way out.

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rethinking Domesticity: urban Farming as a response to urbanization, food scarcity and inadequate green space -- new models of housing, social interaction and an awareness of nature utilizing strategies of food production in the spaces we live in.

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The Challenge: reviving the green bACK into the city Throughout the century, a lot of buildings have been adjusting with the environment in terms of their materiality, functionality and their innovations. It has been a main source of influence in how people interact with each other. However, it won’t completely change the environment if the commitment by the society isn’t established – that means that nothing will change if they just rely on the high-tech eco friendly buildings that they live in -- unless the society make an action and actually apply it into their everyday routines. How can we shape a harmonious relationship between the human habitat, nature and the space that we’re living in?

Green space is a crucial element in a city, because it plays a big role – it absorbs excessive water from rain to prevent flood, provides a kitchen garden, nourishes the ecosystem, and most importantly, could possibly be a place to create an interactive space amongst people.

Urban agriculture is a concept that has been going around for decades and it is one of the possible solution that could shape a better place to live in; There have been many examples made throughout the past.

It has played a crutial leading to positive impacts, such as producing green urban infrastructure, better community development, food production, and a ‘horticultural’ approach to create a better living environment. According to the Earth Institute from Columbia University, urban agriculture serves various advantages, such as protection against sudden food shortages, increase in public health, access to food, access to green spaces, heat island effect reduction, access to better air and water quality, and community engagement. Generally, there are certain types of urban agriculture systems; Ground level farming, rooftop farming, hydroponic system, and green houses.

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5 types of urban a g r i c u lt u r e : understanding the differences

According to Christina Markel, the author of ‘Urban Japan’, has carefully analysed the 5 typologies that exist in the concept of Urban Agriculture; it integrates agriculture within the urban form. It includes productive yards, community gardens, allotments, urban farm, and intensive green roof. Each of them determines various location, location sizes, amount of work required, level of maintenance, community =ZVai] WZcZ[^ih/ 7ZiiZg Y^Zi l^i] [gZh] [ddY! deZc heVXZ [dg ZmZgX^hZ! <VgYZc^c\ Vh ZmZgX^hZ! VcY higZhh gZYjXi^dc [gdb XdccZXi^dc id cVijgZ >cXgZVhZY ]VW^iVi [dg l^aY heZX^Zh amenity, production results, usages, and accesibility.

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How can architecture and agriculture melt together to make a better living environment?

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Further studies urban agriculturE commercial spaces open/close spatial organization accessible roof

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As seen from the previous studies, many living solutions have been made through different basic strategies such as Micro Architecture, Lightness and Shared Resources, shown through various projects from different architects. To develop the project, further studies have been made, to narrow down the researches that could reach as close to the ideal concept. These studies show more specific strategies which shape the concept Zesty Hill, mostly relating to urban agriculture, how commercial spaces could be used as a comunal gathering area, the flow and circulation within the space, the relationship between indoor and outoor, space efficiency, and accessibility elements that blur the floor levels within a building.

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01_

urban Agriculture

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Urban Agriculture has been one of the solutions for places with lack of greenery. Farming, cultivating and producing food within an area could give more access to food to the local inhabitants.

Bringing a little piece of farm to a dense city could possibly lead to a better environment, living atmosphere and more social benefits.

These case studies explain various ways of applying urban agriculture in a space. It also blurs the distinction between outdoor / indoor relationship, which forms a new way of living to the inhabitants.

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House for Young Couple Architect Junya Ishigami Year 2013 Location Tokyo, Japan

Significant Innovation A house with a small garden in its cuboid envelope, inverting the outside environment within the interior space. The relationship between landscape and architecture is strongly emphasized in this project. It has a curving line of soil on the ground, with miniature forest creating an â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;organic playgroundâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; within the living area. The windows are double height, meaning that it goes continuously from the ground floor up to the second floor.

Client -109

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Skyscraper Farming Architect Dr. Dickson Despommier Year -Location -Client --

Significant Innovation A Vertical farm concept placed in a city, designed by a professor of environmental sciences at Columbia University. He mentioned that by 2050, the planet would require a new farming area the size of Brazil. The concept was to recreate areas to obtain food within the city. This vertical farm provides a lot of green elements, for example using solar and wind power to obtain energy, black-water treatment system and biofuel generating a power plant system.

This building is dedicated to farming, meaning that it will not be focused on dwellers.

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Lego Architect BIG Architects (Bjarke Ingels) Year -Location Copenhagen, Denmark

Significant Innovation A morphed landscape of towers filled blocks, which accommodate 40,0000m2 housing, hotel, offices and shops. As it reflects to their Scandinavian high rise typology, their main concept is â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;to utilize the modularity ad rationality of the Danish modernistic building tradition to create a new kind of expressive architectureâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. Each of the blocks are sized 3.6 x 3.6 meter squares.

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nuova sede della bergamo Architect TP/A Year 2008 Location Bergamo, Italy

Significant Innovation The main concept is: The Tower, The Slab and The Cloud. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;house made of gardenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; instead a garden within a house. Each of the rooms are scattered around the garden as individual buildings, serving different func- tions. Blending the outdoor world within the interiors, the dwellers are required to go outside order to go to other rooms.

Client -115

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p1 (public Farm) Architect Work Architecture Year 2008 Location New York, USA Client PS1 Contemporary Art Center

Significant Innovation An installation made of numerous cardboard tubes that were recyclable and biodegradable. It was used as a public space where people could gather for events and social parties. As the tubes functions as planters, they hold different 51 different types of plants and herbs, which were then arranged in a flow that make up the entire structure. The architect has used the space beneath the farm as interaction space for the people to get together. They turn locally grown things into locally sellable in their ‘farmer’s market’ such as veggie cock- tails, freshly grown produces and herbs.

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rICEFIELD Architect Saion-Menu Architects Year 2010 Location Lille, France Client SAEM

Significant Innovation The Ricefield is a residential project that has been envisioned as layers of green terraces that are rooted from the traditional rice fields in Asia. The concept was to integrate the greenery with the inhabitants and the space itself.

The main structure looks like stairs â&#x20AC;&#x201C; allowing each units to have their terrace in their balconies. This was an innovative project because it uses the rice field as a role model of the function of the building. Though it doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t function 100% like the real rice field, it still portrays the idea of the green terrace.

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Food Is Free project Architect Food is Free Crew Year 2012 - Present Location Austin, USA Client --

Significant Innovation A project that started off as a community gardening movement, within their concept for growing local food within the neighborhood. Their aim is to teach the people how to connect with each other through community gardens providing free access to food. Not only the food, but also the materials used to build the gardens are free because they are resources that could have gone to the landfill. Their main gardening technique was the wicking bed gardens, which is a method of growing organic food requiring low maintenance.

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brooklyn Grange Architect Brooklyn Grange Team Year 2012 - Present Location Austin, United States Client --

Significant Innovation Brooklyn Grange is a rooftop farm located in New York City, USA. It has two rooftop vegetable farms, totaling approximately 10,117 square meters, which produces over 22,679kg of organically grown vegetables each year. The concept was to have a huge organic oasis on top of a concrete jungle. The founder, Ben Flanner said â&#x20AC;&#x153;The idea is to provide fresher and cheaper products by cutting the middle man. A farm located inside the district can grow food directly to the consumer.â&#x20AC;?

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Commercial Spaces

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Commercial spaces are often seen as a magnet to attract various people into one place, represented by big buildings, accessibility, and spaces with communal spaces. Being able to interact with one another is part of an important element in our living environment.

These case studies explain various ways of using commercial spaces that could possibly be used as shared resources, or a social place that could gather people together with a purpose. In Japan, Social Houses have recently emerged as a form of a shared resource -- the concept is to live with strangers instead of living alone, to consume less energy per person.

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international investment Architect UN Studio Year 2009 Location Beijing, China Client Guorui Real Estate Development co., Ltd

Significant Innovation An international investment Square with various elements inside, such as, office, business hotel, retail areas, music halls and apartments. UN Studio mentioned, â&#x20AC;&#x153;The urban organization utilizes a consistent distribution of buildings in rings of various shapes and sizes, with each building encircling an internal courtyard. The building programme is distributed over three distinct yet interrelated neighbourhoods. Each of these is subdivided again in order to generate a new level of privacy and individuality. The semi-public courtyards at the core of the enclosed building blocks introduce the third level.

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vi palazzo ENI Architect UN Studio Year 2011 Location Milan, Italy

Significant Innovation VI Palazzo Eni is a complex for the ENI headquarters that is located in Milan, Italy. It is structured by a series of circular shaped buildings, horizontally distributed. Each of the circular structures have an open-air internal courtyard that is interconnected with green spaces for the employees to have frequent fresh air throughout the day. It has minimal energy production and consumption, making it an ecologically friendly project.

Client ENI / ENI Studio 129

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b3 hotel virrey Architect Paisajismo Urbano Year 2012 Location Bogotá, Colombia

Significant Innovation A hotel with an 8-story living wall; the concept was to ‘bring the jungle into cities’, growing 25,000 plants in total. Since it holds a hydroponic vertical ecosystem, it repels insects, meaning that it will require less maintenance.

Another advantage of this is that it works as an insulator, therefore will reduce the amount of energy used inside.

Client Hotel Virrey 131

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Fake Hills Architect MAD Architects Year 2011 Location Beihai coast, China

Significant Innovation Fake Hill is an affordable residential apartments that is built on high density, located on the coast of Beihai. It integrates high-rise typology and a ground scraper typology. The continuous roof is used as a public space that comes with garden and communal area, while the spaces below are used as both commercial and residential areas for the people to work and live. It has a building area of 492,369sqm and height 194m in total.

Client -133

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parkroyal Architect WOHA Architects Year 2013 Location Singapore, Singapore Client UOL Group Limited

Significant Innovation A hotel with a concept of a ‘hotel-as garden’ -- it is a building covered with vegetation on its sides. It is said that t actually doubled the green-growing potential of the site. As it envisions an urban parkland, WOHA architect mentioned that “We wanted to recreate an urban street scale, so that people walking and driving could pick up interesting details. And we wanted to work with the building’s mass and appearance, so we could avoid the usual city scale of building-as-silhouette, and so we could implement a garden-themed aesthetic.”

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Heydar Aliyev Center Architect Zaha Hadid Architects Year 2013 Location Baku, Azerbaijan Client The Republic of Azerbaijan

Significant Innovation Azerbaijan was part of the former Soviet Union, meaning that it has strong influence from the independence in 1991, resulting in the legacy of normative Soviet Modernism style. This is a public center where it holds cultural programs and gathering people, which is seen as an urban landscape of the city.

It is said that it blurs the differentiation between architectural object and an urban landscape. The Heydar Aliyev Center includes two collaborating systems: a concrete structure combined with a space frame system.

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open / close

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Open / Close are two contrasting elements in the principles of space -- which simply allows the building to either completely shut down the outside world or to openly integrate with it. This means that with either of these elements, a building can transform itself from a solid cube into a open cube; itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s like a closed flower bud drastically changing into blooming petals.

These case studies will contribute in finding ways to maaexample, Shigeru Ban have represented this concept to an extreme level; shown through his Shutter House.

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SHutter House Architect Shigeru Ban Architects + Dean Maitz Architect Year 2011 Location New York, USA Client HEEL Development LLC

Significant Innovation The Shutter house is an 11-story building by Shigeru Ban, known for its architectural style that is very â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;poeticâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. It spans up to 120 feet (36 meter) tall, containing eight duplex houses raging from 1,950 square feet (600 square meters) to 4,644 square feet (1,415 square meter), an art gallery and a 24hour doorman. This structure is mainly made of metal shutters that functions as light-modulating privacy screen, putting itself as a barrier between the outside world to the inside world. The Metal shutters can transform the building into a uniform minimal cube or it can completely reveal itself by opening it to outside world.

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Wall-Less House Architect Tezuka Architects Year 2000 Location Tokyo, Japan

Significant Innovation Wall-less house is simply at three story, 2,650 square foot (800 square meters) house that can flexibly transform itself either with walls or without walls. The absence of walls allows the space to maximize itself, giving extra garden space up to 360 degrees on the ground floor. Everything is mainly made and supported by series of steel columns. The idea was to open up the house to the landscape and environment.

Client -143

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Nicholas G Hayek Center Architect Shigeru Ban Architects Year 2007 Location Tokyo, Japan

Significant Innovation The Nicolas G Hayek is a commercial space with office purposes, located in the heart of Ginza district, Tokyo, Japan. It is a fourteen story high building, which accommodates the seven major watch shops of the Swatch group. It features its tall glass shutters that come in the back and front faรงades. The basement is connected to the pedestrian walkway, which gives a friendly access in and out of the building itself.

Client Swatch Group Japan 145

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Spatial organization

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Space is flexible.

It can be cut, added, inversed, and divided -- in various forms. It could be done horizontally, vertically, diagonally, and in many, infinite ways.

Having efficient division of spcace means that it could have more harmonious relationship between the space and the user.

The following case studies reviews over spaces that have efficient spacial organization, triggering new ideas in dividing spaces.These case studies are mostly led by Bjarke Ingle Architects (BIG), with their innovative projects treating space efficiently to make a better living environment for the inhabitants.

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Montenegro residences Architect BIG Architects (Bjarke Ingels) Year 2006 Location Budurm Montenegro

Significant Innovation The Montenegro residence is a residential project that is designed for holiday temporary homes. As it has 8,000-meter squares in total, it is located on a very steep inclined area. By ‘turning the topography into the master plan’, it combines maximum density with the minimum impact that is created in the residential architecture. The architects said that this gives a result that is a ‘landscape of inhabited rice fields’, implying topography as architecture.

Client Dejasa Projects LCD 149

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The Mountain Architect BIG Architects (Bjarke Ingels) Year 2007 Location Copenhagen, Denmark Client Høpfner A/s & Dansk Olie Kompagni A/s

Significant Innovation The main concept of this structure is to have 1/3 living space and 2/3 parking spaces. It is basically a parking building with inhabitants living above it. They have utilized the big chunk of parking space, located at the bottom as the ‘foundation’ of the living areas that are all stacked on the top part. The reason that they are located on the top is because they all get access to sunlight, fresh air, and a view.t has a total size of 33,000 square meter.

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Holbæk Kasba Architect BIG Architects (Bjarke Ingels) Year 2006 Location Holbæk, Denmark

Significant Innovation The Holbæk Kasba is a series of residential blocks with ‘interlocking geometric forms that twists and turns to differentiate the site into spaces for living’.

Its pattern forms a labyrinth that creates open spaces and hiding spaces. The architect described that this allows the inhabitants to socialize between the houses.

Client Brainstones 153

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vertical Loft Architect Shift Architecture Year 2012 Location Rotterdam, The Netherlands Client --

Significant Innovation The Vertical Loft is a residential project, also known as a do-it-yourself dwelling â&#x20AC;&#x201C; a result of a renovation from pre-war dwellings. The contrast between the pre-war style exteriors and the 20th century interiors shows how traditional and contemporary style can meld together. The interior has a oversized closet that connects all of the floors, the structures holding the load of the house are treated as furniture. The modular system has kitchen appliances, bookshelves, and wardrobe. Main materials include phenol coated multiplex floor, the closet and the polyurethane flooring with its brick wall, and stained glass along the side.

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Shaft House Architect RZLBD Architects Year 2010 Location Toronto, Canada Client --

Significant Innovation The Shaft is a two-story house, known as ‘an unexpected and exciting spatial experience that survives the limits of our ordinary living spaces.’ – it generates spaces without walls. The meaning of ‘Shaft’ in this case is rooted from the circulation and services that surround a void of light. This is related t the fact that light is able to seep into every floor – its changing levels are shifted in section that results in a canopy facing the street, and a south facing deck on the rooftop. The house uses untreated wood, aluminum siding and recyclable rusted steel as their main exterior materials, and has a total of 430 square meter.

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unite d’Habitation Architect Le Corbusier Year 1952 Location Marseilles, France Client City of Marseilles

Significant Innovation The Unite D’Habitation was a eighteen-stories residential project emerged from the unprecedented high need of housing after the World War II in 1947.

Accommodating around 1,600 residents, this was designed to be a multifamily residential housing project – which resulted in a concept of a ‘vertical garden city’ where inhabitants could have a communal living while being able to shop, play, live within the same space. The beton-brut concrete, or the roughcast concrete was mainly used in the structure of the building because it was one of the cheapest method of the time.

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Double House Architect MVRDV Year 1997 Location Utrecht, The Netherlands

Significant Innovation The Double House is a residential project designed for two families. The idea was to simply â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;splitâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; the building equally into two dwellings by having interlocking halves. Both families have the own entrances, and their own private spaces, though the only communal space that the two families share is the garden. Since budged was restricted to a certain amount, the exterior material is covered with plywood while the rest is glass.

Client Private Residence 161

Top right Section perspective of the Double House Bottom These diagrams below (top left to bottom right)show the evolution of how the house is divided equlaly for the two different families -- It starts of as a block of cube, then it gradually gets divided into sections to distribute equal space to both of the housing units.

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Accessible roof

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Accessible roof is one of the keys to blur the line between vertical movements of a space -- because it provides an accessible ’bridge’ throughout the whole building. It could also be applied through different functions, such as green spaces, public areas, communal spaces, and flowing pathways.These case studies illustrate several forms of accessible roofs, and how they’re being applied in residential solutions, and commercial purposes. Its scale can vary; single unit houses can have a small walkable roof while a massive sized buildings tend to serve communal purposes for the in habitants. Case studies include kindergartens, museums, massive residential apartments, and single unit houses.

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8 TALLET Architect BIG ARCHITECTS (Bjarke Ingels) Year 2009 Location Copenhagen, Denmark

Significant Innovation A housing cluster was designed for various types of people ranging from different ages. Having 60,000msq area space in total, the blocks are spreaded out horizontally, forming an 8 shape viewed from the top. The functions are divided at the top and the bottom - the commercial areas lay on the lower part, while residential areas are secured on the top part of the buildings. One of the reason is so that they will get the advantage of the sun, whereas commercial areas donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t need it as much as the inhabitants.

Client St. Frederikslund Holding 165

This diagram shows the process of how the corners of the floor layers are stretched to the ground to create an accessible roof. Each colors represent the layers of floor. As the corners gets lower, it generates a new 8-shaped circulation that goes through each of the layers throughout the building. It also has an intersection in the middle of the path.

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vo Trong Nghia Kindergarten Architect Vo Trong Nghia Architects Year 2014 Location Dongnai, Vietnam

Significant Innovation A Kindergarten designed to reflect a ‘model of sustainability’ - meaning that it comes with a tropical climate, a good balance of indoor/outdoor environment, accessible green open courtyards that is shaped as a ‘looping’ structure, which connects each corners of the whole area. Their intention was also to integrate the nature and the students. The uses of recycled materials are strongly emphasized in this project.

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ST7 Kullen Architect BIG Architects (Bjarke Ingels) Year 2011 Location Stokholm, Sweden Client Oscar Properties

Significant Innovation Kullen is a residential project located in Stockholm. The architect explained â&#x20AC;&#x153;In direct response to the context, the northwest and southeast corners take the heights of their immediate neighbors; while the northeast corner, farthest from the park and nominally with the worst view, is pulled upwards to grant it the most spectacular views of park and port. To create a humane edge between building and nature, is pushed down to the lowest profile, transforming it into a public platform with a 270 degree view of park space and simultaneously freeing the majority of the residential units to views of the park.â&#x20AC;?

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villa Fur Architect BIG Architects (Bjarke Ingels) Year 2006 Location Birkerød, Denmark

Significant Innovation A residential low one-story house located in Denmark shows how the roof can be accessible. The architect explained that the house is ‘devised as a transformation of the existing landscape to contain space for living’. Though the main roof is flat, it also has some part that slides either up or down, allowing the inhabitants to walk on top of it. As the attic has an asymmetric displacement that faces the west, it gives good amount of sunshine at late evening hours during the summer.

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Audemars piguet Museum Architect BIG Architects (Bjarke Ingels) Year --

Significant Innovation This project was commissioned by a Swiss watchmaker. BIG mentioned, “Watchmaking like architecture is the art and science of invigorating inanimate matter with intelligence/performance. It is the art of imbuing metals and minerals with energy, movement, intelligence and measure – to bring it to life in the

Location Le Chenit, Switzerland

form of telling time. Unlike most machines and buildings today that have a

Client --

performance, the form/function, the space/structure, the interior/exterior in a

disconnect between the body and mind, the hardware/software, for the Maison des Fondateurs we have attempted to completely integrate the geometry/ symbiotic whole.”

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Kronborg Strand Architect BIG Architects (Bjarke Ingels) Year -Location Helsingør, Denmark Client Ejendomsudvikling Kronborg Strand P/S

Significant Innovation Kronborg Strand is a residential project in Denmark.The main idea is to transform a former industrial site to a vibrant mix of housing, commercial and public spaces. The other main idea is to bridge the city with the beach areas, since it is located right in the middle. A residential project with a new typology harmoniously combines the high build density with public recreational values together.

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M2 Type houses Architect BIG Architects (Bjarke Ingels) Year 2006

Significant Innovation M2 house is a residential project by BIG architects, located in the suburban area of Denmark. It is a single unit house developed from the concept of ‘cutting the ground’ and ‘lifting’ it up into a shape of a hill, forming a walkable, accessible roof. The roof is covered in mild vegetations.

Location Denmark Client M2/A2 181

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Concept development shift Tetris H aztek 1/2ramyd Criss Cross Farm stadium

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Concept Diagrams show early developments of the project throughout the evolution -- The outcome of the researches are synthesized in experimentations of different forms and shapes while piecing it together with the solution of the essential problem in the project. â&#x20AC;?What if..?â&#x20AC;? is a crucial question to ask while experimenting with early concepts, jumping from one idea to another, while carefully selecting the ideas that can be developed further for future references. The concept development came in very vague results, meaning that it has less detail, emphasizing the form of the exterior shell more than the interior features.

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phase one: the block family

01_shift As familiar as it is, Shift can be seen as the cousin of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Hâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. The building s shifted from one to another, creating more surfaces while subtracting some surfaces at the same time. The lower shifted part has two pillars to hold the structure up.

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02_tetris Tetris is one of the earliest concepts -- it was a starting point to the project. The focus is to have as much green surface that could cover up on top of buildings, in different levels. Tetris is one of the early concepts -- it was a starting point to the project. The main focus is to have as much green surface that could cover the buildings, in different levels.

03_H H resembles a building that shifts its parts from one side to another. It was designed t have maximum amount of surfaces to place vegetation by ‘shifting’ the planes into a shape of a ‘H’, while having dwellings underneath it.

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phase two: the lego stackers

04_crisscross Criss Cross is a series of repetitive buildings that tessellates to form massive residential dwellings. It is also inspired from the Italian Ringheria Houses, with strip of farms on the sides of the building.

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05_aztek Aztek is a mountain-shaped building with some sort of a ‘divider’ in the middle -- it creates a communal area in the middle, so that it can work as a shared resource in the middle of the two buildings.

On the other hand, the two buildings on the sides were meant to be the private dwellings that have vegetation on their rooftops.

06_1/2ramyd A Plus-shaped structure seen from the top is a residential concept treated more like a ‘plaza’, or a ‘piazza’’. It has series of massive stairs that climbs up to a bigger space that grows food. At a glance, it looks like a half-cut pyramid.

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phase three: the farm stadiums

07_farm stadium This is one of the experiments with a rounded exterior shell -- It looks more like a stadium, with houses in the inner circles. Part of the concept derived from the Ringheria Houses in Italy. The idea was to have a communal area in the middle, with donut-shaped farms on the side of the houses, so that each unit can have access. The problem was that circular shape facing inwards tremendously shrinks the space and doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t allow much sunlight as it goes deeper down.

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circular vs rectangular: exploring new forms

The initial idea of the Farm Stadium was to have the houses into a form of a stadium, where inhabitants can grow food in the faรงade facing inwards. These diagrams show how circular forms can differ from rectangular forms.

Stadiums tend to be shaped in a circular form, but what happens if we changed the form, but keep the same principals of the Farm Stadium?

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farm arena:

So, going further into the Farm Stadium Concept: What happens if we multiply it? Is it possible to stack them up? How is it going to expand efficiently? These diagrms show the possibilities in how the structure can expand their network, further outwards to make a bigger community. This is a crutial element to be considered because a building canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t just make its own rule - it must compensate with other buildings, the society and the space around them.

what are the possible ways to expand?

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so the result? no, not the best solution.

First of all: Rounded shape isn’t always the most efficient way to maximize the use of space. The fact that the farm itself was tremendously shrinking has been effecting the initial concept of ‘house in a farm’, shifting the concept into the wrong direction. Also, seen through the diagrams, the structure doesn’t expand efficiently.

After going further into more researches, I have came across different elements that lead to another solution: Which was having an accessible roof. The earliest sketches such as Aztek and 1/2RAMYD have given hints in how can a building have an accessible roof. These contents explains how this concept drawings bridges the final concept of Zesty Hill. The final concept wouldn’t have emerged without these concept developments.

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Zestyhill: the concept growing local food within the living environment

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ZestyHill is a result produced from the concept of ‘growing local food within a living environment’. The following contents will shape the overall project into a clearer picture. +++ zest |zest| noun 1 great enthusiasm and energy: they campaigned with zest and intelligence | [ in sing. ] : she had a great zest for life.

• a quality of excitement and piquancy: I used to try to beat past records to add zest to my monotonous job.

2 the outer colored part of the peel of citrus fruit, used as flavoring.

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ZestyHill:

Farming as part of our Living Environment 197

What if urban farming were considered much further in our living environment? A communal farming that is within reach, providing fresh, locally grown food for the community. With more than 30 types of vegetables grown in Zesty Hill, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s not restricted only the inhabitants -- the market located at the bottm makes it accessible for the rest of the other external community as well.

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The site of Zesty Hill is quite generic -- Though it is mainly focused on hybrid and expanding cities, it can be placed anywhere as long as some elements are adjusted to meet certain requirements depending on the location, such as weather conditions, structural elements and safety issues. The most ideal situation is to have it in a place where it is easily accessible and where it lacks green spaces, because Zesty Hill provides a massive amount of green space on its rooftop, the surface serving as a large water absorption point.

Site planning:

Where is the most ideal place for Zesty Hill?

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Young future leaders as main inhabitants Students, being young and flexible are the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s future leaders are the most curious and active explorers - they are the most ideal target for Zesty Hill. Though they are intended to be the main inhabitants of Zesty Hill, it is not restricted to them only - anyone who is eager to grow loal food within their local environment is welcome to come and join.

For example, a young couple would live in the smallest unit, while a family can live in the largest 60m2 unit.

1:500 Elevation

From Above: Elevation of Zesty Hill scale 1:500; Side Elevation of Zesty HIll scale 1:500 Bottom: Flow of Zesty Hill

1:500 Elevation

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Exterior Shell: Layers

1

2

3

4 1. Vegetation Layer 2. 40m2 houses 3. 60m2 houses 4. 20m2 houses 5. Shared spaces (includes laundry, bike parking) 6. Local market

5 6

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1:500 Landsape Plan

1:500 Architectural Plan

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typologies Every unit in Zesty Hill is modular. With the calculation of 10m2 per person, everyone gets equal amount of space. The more people they share with, the bigger the shared area is. It works by combining the 20m2 cube as more people live in each unit. It works with the multiples of two, for example, the 20m2 unit accomodates two people, then 40m2 for four people, and 60m2 which accomodates 6 people.

20m2

500

500

60m2

40m2

400

60m2

Bed x2 Bath x1 Kitchen x1 Dining x1 Living x1

Bed x4 Bath x1 Kitchen x1 Dining x1 Living x1

Bed x6 Bath x1 Kitchen x1 Dining x1 Living x1

Bed x6 Bath x1 Kitchen x1 Dining x1 Living x1

A cubical space that can be equally divided into two areas, which are the private and the public area. It is the most basic, minimal unit amongst Zesty Hill. It accomodates two people, with 500cm high ceiling and shared space on the lower ground level.

A long rectangular space that can be equally divided into two areas, which are the private and the public area. It has a simple path, going from the entrance to the back as it gets more private.

This unit accomodates four people with high ceiling that goes up to 500cm.

A horizontal L space starts with a horizontal plane, and the path goes along the side and towards the underground. It stacks three 20m2 cubes which accomodates six people with high ceiling that goes up to 1000cm.

A vertical L space starts from the bottom part, and stretches to the top of the building. Also made of three stacked 20m2 cubes, this unit also accomodates six people with high ceiling that goes up to 1000cm.

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THE major challenge: level changes The major challenge in Zesty Hill is to harmoniously integrate the slanted exterior walking surface with the interior space, because it greatly influences the way the internal space is designed. The vegetation surface has a certain thickness, and it determines the entrance level whether it has a suitable dimension or not. Each of the slanted surface is required to have a horizontal plane on the entrance to level the ground down. The other challenge is that every ramp height is different, and there are more than one types of unit shapes, meaning that each unit has their own particular interior measurement, entrance height, and space dimension. The head of the Zesty Hill starts from an entrence height level of 50cm. Then Each unit slowly increases by the multiple of 5, gradually growing taller and taller.

Though it may seem simple, there are a lot of requirements to make a decent living space. For example, all of the entrance doors in each units is chosen to be 210 cm tall. Since the whole front faรงade is made of glass, the window size has to compensate according to the level change. The taller the entrance height is, the shorter the ceiling become. Though every units have the same main principles, the level changes strongly influences all of the units to have unique, particular dimensions that differs from each other. The following pages will guide through the level changes visually, according to the different apartment typologies.

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Level changes: 20m2

20msq (Height = 500cm)

scale 1 : 200

20m2 : the Head of a Snake

typology:

The 20m2 units are located in the lowest part of Zesty Hill. Having three in total, the ramp starts from the ground floor, going up to 220cm at its highest point. As each level is slanted, it is leveled in a horizontal plane to smoothly connect the entrance.

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Level changes: 40m2

20msq (Height = 500cm)

scale 1 : 200

40m2 : the FIvE neighbours

typology:

The 40m2 units are located in the lowest part of Zesty Hill. Having five in total, these units are located right next to each other. Though it may seem simple at a glance, it may be quite tricky: The ramp starts from the ground floor of the second level of the building, going up to 220cm at its highest point. As each level is slanted, it is leveled in a horizontal plane to smoothly connect the entrance.

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Level changes: 60m2

20msq (Height = 500cm)

scale 1 : 200

60m2 : the crowded party

typology:

These 60m2 type A units are also located in the lowest part of Zesty Hill. These units have a certain shape that â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;wrapsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; around the 20m2 units that are placed next to them. Having three in total, theese units starts off with a a 400cm wide entrance, revealing more space as it gets further inside.

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Level changes: 60m2

20msq (Height = 500cm)

scale 1 : 200

60m2 : The "long" fantastic four

typology:

The 60m2 type B units are located in the lowest part of Zesty Hill. Having five in total, the ramp starts from the ground floor, going up to 220cm at its highest point. As each level is slanted, it is leveled in a horizontal plane to smoothly connect the entrance.

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1

2 3 5

4

6 In Zesty Hill, though all of the apartments varies in size, stacked in different forms, they all have same main standards and principles that keep its coherence. This diagram shows the anatomy of the units in Zesty Hill.

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The 6 principles of ZestyHill 1

green roof

2 Exposed joists

Green Roof is a fundamental element of Zesty Hill - it serves an important function to the agricultural side of it. The significance of this building is that all of the inhabitants are given farming space as part of their shared units, parallel to their entrance doors. Layers and its systems has to be carefully considered to make the right structure.

Since each floors within the space are treated like small platforms, it is made of wooden structures, exposing the joist. Lightness is given through the exposed joists; each floor seems like it is floating because it does not need to carry too much load. Most of the load is being carried by the apartment unit structure made of rammed earth.

3

4

Translucent façade

a FArm a unit

The sliding glass door is an element that almost blurs the boundary between the interior and the exterior of the space. Transparency is the keyword that plays a major role in this façade; it lets in a great amount of natural sunlight and breeze in the house.Placed right on the façade, above the sliding glass doors, are the rotatable ventilation windows. The lever are carefully placed on reachable level of height, with its mechanism that triggers the windows to rotate to the side.

Placed in front every unit on Zesty Hill, are the farms.

Though shared and can be accessible for all of the inhabitants of Zesty Hill, it can grow various types of vegetables and herbs. The more units, the more diverse the farm becomes. Every inhabitants are allowed to take vegetables amongst one aother, but under one condition - they all have to be responsible of growing the food.

5

6

flexible furnitures

floor skylights

Skylights, structures and elements are things that must be considered as a building aspect. Because most of the houses are stacked beneath ground floor, these skylights are placed on the floor of the ground level, meaning that there will be good access to natural sunlight and breeze throughout the space.

Flexible furnitures are one of the important key elements that keeps the space efficiency. As seen on the diagram, the stairs are treated like furnitures -- they are able to tuck inside its little pocket to create more space.

The ‘push-pull’ mechanism is applied in the stairs. Also, the ‘box bed’ works as a divider between the public and private space.

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20m : Interior 2

the minimal, simplistic "Q" form

The 20m2 unit apartments are the most basic, minimal size out of the whole Zesty Hill Residence. It accomodates two people, that comes along with a shared bathroom. All of the principles are implemented in the space.

Though the space is limited to 20m2, it utilizes the height space that goes up to 5 meters. The wooden platforms are carefully placed in certain level of heights, making the most out of the space.

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Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m ready to move in to my new house!

View from the entrance of the 20m2 unit. Reuby is excited to move into the house.

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Man, I should really become a food blogger!

The class was super intense. I deserve a quick nap!

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So how was class..Oh look itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a butterfly!

Mirror mirror on the wall...

Do I look like a broccoli?

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1:100 Ground Floor Plan

1:100 Lower Floor Plan

1. Entrance 2. Bedroom (two people) 3. Hallway (connects Kitchen, Living room and Bath) 4. Kitchen 0m 1:100

2m

5. Living Room/Dining Room 6. Bathroom indicates start of entrance

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A. Rotatable ventilation window / allows the wind to come in the house B. Sliding door C. Floor ventilation window / allows wind and natural sunlight to come into the lower ground floor.

D. Transformable stairs / The stairs are moveable and can be pushed inside its slots, providing more space in the kitchen.

E. Privacy Beds / The beds differentiate the ‘public’ area to the ‘private’ area

1:100 Section A

1:100 Section C

1:100 Section B

0m 1:100

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2m

40m :Interior 2

the long "o" flow

Located on the highest point of ‘Zesty Hill’, 40m2 apartments provide a long, yet effective apartment that accomodates up to four people in total. The “O” Flow is the main circulation that the space offers the inhabitants -- it is the character of the space, fulfilling all the basic needs in a living environment.

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Oops.

My bad!

Jack! Did you eat all of the potatoes?!

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Yeah, sure.

Whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s for dinner tonight?

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Can we just chill here for a while?

Hang on, Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m coming!

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1:100 Lower Floor Plan

1:100 Ground Floor Plan

0m

2m

1:100

219

1:100 Section

1. Entrance

6. Bedroom A

2. Hallway connects entrance to bedroom

7. Shared Bathroom A

3. Hallway connects ground floor to lower ground

8. Bedroom B

4. Living/Dining Room

9. Shared Bathroom B

5. Kitchen indicates start of entrance

A. Rotatable ventilation window / allows the wind to come in the house B. Sliding door C. Floor ventilation window / allows wind and natural sunlight to come into the lower ground floor.

D. Transformable stairs / The stairs are moveable and can be pushed inside its slots, providing more space in the kitchen.

E. Privacy Beds / The beds differentiate the ‘public’ area to the ‘private’ area

0m 1:100

220

2m

60m (A) :Interior 2

the complex "f" flow

Located on the mid point of ‘Zesty Hill’, 60m2 apartments provide a pretty complex, yet effective apartment that accomodates up to six people in total. The “F” Flow is the main circulation that the space offers the inhabitants -- it is the character of the space, fulfilling all the basic needs in a living environment.

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Hey, do you want to go for a walk?

Sure!

Time to pick up some vegetables!

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Ahh... The Breeze..

Where did Joe go?

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Anna! Are you ready?

Let’s go.

Ahhh wait! I’m almost ready!

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1:100 Ground Floor Plan

0m 1:100

2m

1. Entrance

6. Shared bathroom A / Upper ground level

2. Living/Dining

7. Bedroom B / Ground level

3. Kitchen

8. Shared bathroom B

4. Hallway connects to bed-

9. Bedroom C / under ground level

rooms and bathrooms

10. Shared bathroom C / under ground level

5. Bedroom A / Upper ground

indicates start of entrance

level

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1:100 Lower Ground Floor Plan

A. Floor rotatable ventilation window / allows the wind to come in the house B. Transformable stairs / The stairs are moveable and can be pushed inside its slots, providing more space in the kitchen.

0m 1:100

226

2m

1:100 Section A

1:100 Section B

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1. Entrance 2. Living/Dining 3. Kitchen 4. Hallway connects to bedrooms and bathrooms 5. Bedroom A / Upper ground level 6. Shared bathroom A / Upper ground level 7. Bedroom B / Ground level 8. Shared bathroom B 9. Bedroom C / under ground level 10. Shared bathroom C / under ground level

1:100 Section C

A. Floor rotatable ventilation window / allows the wind to come in the house B. Transformable stairs / The stairs are moveable and can be pushed inside its slots, providing more space in the kitchen.

0m 1:100 1:100 Section D

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2m

60m (B) :Interior 2

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the tall, vertical "l" flow

Located on the lower point of ‘Zesty Hill’, this vesion of 60m2 apartments provide a pretty complex, yet effective apartment that accomodates up to six people in total.

The “L” Flow is the main circulation that the space offers the inhabitants -- it is the character of the space, fulfilling all the basic needs in a living environment.

Reuby! Is that you down there?

Yup it’s me! Ah, It’s so good to be back home.

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Wow. This place is brighter than I thought.

Of course! Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s because we have a skylight opening up there.

Hey Joe! Are you still sleeping?

Yeah man, I just woke up...

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Anna, Suzy! did you want some more potatoes? Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m going to get some.

Sure, thanks!

Can you get some for me too? Thanks!

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1:100 Upper ground plan

1:100 Ground floor plan

1:100 Lower ground plan

1. Entrance

7. Bedroom B / Ground level

2. Living/Dining

8. Shared bathroom B

3. Kitchen

9. Bedroom C / under ground level

4. Hallway connects to bedrooms and bath

10. Shared bathroom C / under ground level

5. Bedroom A / Upper ground level indicates start of entrance 0m

2m

1:100

233

A. Floor rotatable ventilation window / allows the wind to come in the house B. Transformable stairs / The stairs are moveable and can be pushed inside its slots, providing more space in the kitchen.

1:100 Section A

1:100 Section B

0m 1:100

234

2m

the laundry room

shared spaces and clean clothes

The laundry, located in each corner of the overall building provides 16 laundry machines in each of it - enough for all of the inhabitants to wash all of their clothes. Since it is has a shared system, it reduces energy consumption and creates a social atmosphere. It has two floors, formed almost like a loft. The ventilation windows allow the breeze to come in through the whole laundry room.

235

Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s so breezy today. I can get the clothes dry any time soon!

3..2...1.. Go!

Hm. So Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve got 10 more minutes to go..

236

This place is very relaxing...

Guess what..

I got the scholarship!

Wow! Congratulations!

237

So I heard that I can pull some clothes up here through this box.

Time to wash some more clothes!

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1:100 Ground floor plan

0m

1:100 Upper ground plan

2m

1:100

239

1. Entrance 2. Bathroom 3. Laundry machine room 4. Lounge / Drying room

A

A. Laundry transfer system that bridges the first floor to the second floor. Users are able to go to upper ground easily without carrying all of their washed clothes upstairs.

Section A

Section B 0m 1:100

240

2m

the Local market right at the heart of zestyhill local market as a trading point

The produces grown in Zesty Hill doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t only get consumed by the inhabitants, but also by others - which is why the local market exists in this living envirionment.

The local market, located in heart of Zesty Hill is marked as a trading point for the rest of the society. It is on the ground level, formed like a tunnel, accessible from both ends. Since it is accessible to the public, more connections are made making it less isolated from the society.

Other than that, it is also important to give others some access to fresh, locally grown food. This tunnel-like structure is one of the most ideal place for the market because of certain reasons. Tunnels, in general has a pretty stable ventilation air flow. It provides shade for the vendors, guests and the precious vegetables. Not only that, but natural light seeps in through both ends of the tunnel during the day.

241

indicates the market location

1:500 Plan

1:500 Elevation

242

Inhabitants of the Farm

Sun Requirement (hours per day): 4-8 hours

What kind of vegetables can possibly grow in Zesty Hill?

There are various types of vegetations to be chosen from: They are seen from three different types which are fruiting, root, leafy, herbs, and fungus. These choices of vegetables are categorized in three different clsasifications based on the

1. Tomatoes

8. Eggplant

2. Bell Peppers

9. Cucumber

3. Basil

10. Honeydew Melon

4. Chili

11. Squash

5. Green Beans

12. Onion

6. Broccoli

13. Potatoes

7. Brussels Sprouts

14. Garlic

`

hours of sun required per day.

4 3 5 1

6

14

2 9

8 243

10

7

12 11

13

244

Sun Requirement (hours per day): 4-5 hours 15. Lettuce 16. Kale 17. Parsley 18. Carrot 19. Raddish 20. Cauliflower 21. Green Peas

22. Beets 23. Swiss Chard 24. Spinach 25. Rucola

Most of the things grown are leafy vegetables -- meaning that there will always be a great mixture of freshly picked salad every morning! These vegetables mostly varies in its root depth: Deep root or shallow root. But because the green roof applied is an intensive roof, it fulfills the agricultural requirements at its most.

15

25

16 19

18

245

22

24

23

20

21

17

246

Sun Requirement (hours per day): 0-3 hours 26. Leaf Lettuce 27. Collard 28. Mushroom

26

27

28

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People grow, eat, and live.

This is whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s important.

In Zesty Hill, Vegetables and plants are treated as part of the inhabitants.

They grow and live together where the people live. They provide life and food for the people.

By creating a close relationship betewen the plants and the growers, it slowly generates a win-win solution for both sides.

The plants are taken care by the inhabitants, and... vice versa.

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Zestyhill: structures + elements green roofs, floor skylights, "Flex Furns", and details of zesty hill

249

Structures and elements are things that must be considered as a building aspect. The following contents will have discriptions and definitions of certain typologies that exist in the project. It is important to know that all of the buildings are modular -- meaning that it comes in certain sizes, that could be put into various shapes.

The following contents will have discriptions and definitions of certain typologies that exist within the project.

It is important to know that all of the buildings are modular -- meaning that it comes in certain sizes, that could be put into various shapes. The following contents will have discriptions and definitions of certain typologies that exist within the project.

250

Green roof: The layers and structures in zesty hill The concept of a green roof derived from the Scandanavian ‘Sod Roof’, a type of green roof covered with sod and some vegetations on top. Through time, it has been developed, serving beneficial purposes to improve living situations. For example, it absorbs rainwater, provides insulation, and reduces the heat island effect. In ‘Zesty Hill’, it plays a major role as an agricultural space which also work as pollutant filters.

Green Roofs are made of various layers -- its structural system is replicated as closest possible as the natural habitat. In nature, the basic layers consist of vegetations on the top surface, topsoil layer, weathering layer, and source rock which lays on the bottom. The type of green roof installed in “Zesty Hill” is the intensive green roof; meaning that it requires thicker layers (minimum depth 12.8cm and can support more variety of plants.

Green Roof Layers 1. Vegetation

1 2 3 4

6

5

7

251

2.

Growing medium

3.

Filter membrane/filter sheet

4.

Drainage layer

5.

Root Barrier/Protection layer

6.

Waterproofing membrane

7.

Roof layer

floor skylights: where are the skylights? they're on the floor!

Avete bisogno?

Here! This is how the floor skylight looks like from the lower ground.

why are they on the floor?

They are like windows that are built in openings on the floors, bridging the light from the façade into the lower ground level through its translucent glass surface. Not only that, but these skylights are openable, and can be treated as windows. This means that doesn’t just allow light to come in, but also the breeze to circulate through the house. This also touches the concept of lightness.

As it brings light and breeze in, they give the sense of a bigger space.

Since all of the units are designed based on vertical flow, each of them consist of at least two levels. The problem with this is that, not a lot of sunlight gets through the whole house - especially when the only source of light comes from the translucent, glass façade of the house. So here is where the floor skylights come into rescue. Typically, skylights are placed on the ceiling of a house, to let in lights into the house. But in Zesty Hill, all of the skylights are coherently located on the ground floor, where it presumably catches the most light from the façade of the house.

252

divider box :

the privacy space divider In Zesty Hill, there is no such thing as walls except for bathroom walls. The Divider box is a bed that works as a ‘space divider’, which creates a boundary between the public space and the private space; therefore it works as a privacy box. It stacks up two of the boxes on top of each other, allowing more space in the shared room.

The Divider box has two main elements:

4

2 3

1. The sliding door allows the inhabitant to flexibly open and close their personal space when they’re inside the box.

1

2. The rectangular opening with sliding curtains on the side which allows natural sunlight to come in the room.

3. The foldable table which can be used as a mini-counter space 4. The LED light located above to illuminate during the night 5. Ladder to move up and down

5 Dimensions of the Divider Box 110

How does it work?

210

This diagram on the left shows how the Divider Box plays its role as a privacy space divider.

The gray area resembles the private area, while the white area resembles the public area within the house. This diagram was rooted based on the 20m2 unit building.

226

*All dimensions are shown in centimeters 253

Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m tired..Nap time!

Letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s open the door...

Zzzzzzzz

254 230

So I heard that these stairs are actually drawers...

...which create more space! Aha!

255

drawer stairs + the platform storage system: the hidden space

creators and furnitures

3 2 1

*Same principles apply in all of the apartments, though sizes may vary depending on the building typologies. This particular diagram was taken from the 20m2 units.

1. Platform Storage System

2. The Drawer Stairs

The Platform Storage System is a unique shelf system that are located below the platforms. Instead of having separate shelf or drawers laying in the space, this storage system are located beneath platforms where inhabitants pass through everyday. It was designed this way because the space itself is structured in a way that stretches vertically instead of horizontally. The doors on the shelves are all sliding doors, which slides to the side when it is opened, not wasting any extra space.

The Stairs Drawer are literally stairs that could be tucked in to make more space. It works just like a drawer -- which comes with a simple push-pull drawer system, where the inhabitants are able to close it in the built-in pocket.

3. Seating area This platfrom area could flexibly turn into a seating area, where people gather and have social interaction.

256

Zestyhill: materials treating materials as inhabitants: bamboo, cork, glass and rammed earth

257

Materials are things that must be considered as a building aspect. They determine the space, the atmosphere, air circulation, and the structural systems of the space. The following contents will discuss the different materials applied in Zesty Hill, and how they work together to support the structure of the building. As the concept is to integrate urban agriculture with architecture, most of the materials are strongly related to farming, vegetations, and how it blurs the distinction between the interior space and the exterior space. Hint: The main principles will be elements such as green roofs and durable materials that can hold heavy layers on the roof.

258

Materials as Inhabitants:

A Closer Look

Materials are things that must be considered as a building aspect. They define the space, the atmosphere, air circulation, and the structural systems of the space. The following contents will discuss the different materials applied in Zesty Hill, and how they work together to support the structure of the building. As the concept is to integrate urban agriculture with architecture, most of the materials are strongly related to farming, vegetations, and how it blurs the distinction between the interior space and the exterior space.

Bamboo

Cork

Glass

Rammed Earth

Mostly applied in floors, railing, structural materials and as an aesthetic material. Could be applied in floors, railing, structural materials and as an aesthetic material. Could be applied in floors, railing, structural materials and as an aesthetic material.

Water resistant, durability and its aesthetic value benefits the cork. Applied in the kitchen flooring because of its water resistance, durability and its aesthetic value that benefits the cork. Its lightness also blends harmoniously with the bamboo and wood.

Glass can be applied in doors such as slighting doors, ventilation windows, and the structure for the railings. Glass can be applied in doors such as slighting doors, ventilation windows, and the structure for the railings.

This will be used mainly as the structural material of the exterior walls.

This will be used mainly as the structural material of the exterior walls. This will be used mainly as the structural material of the exterior walls.

259

rammed earth, as a material conquers zestyhill The main materials used for the exterior are rammed earth. This is an important material, it has been carefully chosen to be applied in Zesty Hill. It is a technique that has been derived from the widely known ‘sand castle’ technique. It’s quite simple. The form of the house is made of a plywood structure that works as the ‘outline’, or the mould of the house.

Then, a cross-grade of soil is rammed into the walls -with a result of a tightly packed soil, forms are removed, leaving a solid stable wall. It has been considered as important historical techniques over the past. For example, it can be seen in the structure of Great Wall of China, and was also widely used during the Great Depression in 1926. Below, is a diagram of how the structure is formed, which has been taken from Engeye Design Team.

260

conclusion what now?

261

“Obviously if humanity expires from global warming, overpopulation, pollution, starvation, and lack of water, it will matter very little whether civil right have been achieved, the Middle East is at peace, an aids vaccine exists, or the national debts have been paid. In point, all of these threats to our survival are directly or indirectly related to environmental destruction.”, -James Wines (introduction of Green Architecture) James Wines made a good point - Ultimately, we can’t live without food and shelter, meaning that survival is the key to living. A lot of places in the world are suffering in food scarcity. If everyone doesn’t just ‘talk about’ the environment, but make an action instead, it could work. It might start off with 1% of the population, but it’s not impossible. It could work.

Maurizio Nannucci once said, “Changing Place, Changing Time, Changing Thoughts, Changing Future.”

Zesty Hill is only part of the 1% that could possibly change the way people live, changing the way people think, while gradually planting their bright future. Zesty Hill is a residential project that not only grows local food, but also have the ability to raise the awareness for building a better tomorrow.

Sakura Enggarwartini

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Lightness

______________________________________________

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“SBA_Wall-Less House.” SBA_Wall-Less House.

N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Apr. 2014. <http://www.shigerubanarchitects.com/works/1997_wall-less-house/ index.html>.

Photographs by Katsuhisa Hida / FOTOTECA Spatial Organization “Vertical Loft / Shift Architecture Urbanism” 15 Oct 2012. ArchDaily. Accessed 12 Aug 2014. <http:// www.archdaily.com/?p=280815>.

Photographs by Rene de Wit & Jeroen Musch “Shaft House / rzlbd” 01 Jul 2011. ArchDaily.

Accessed 13 Aug 2014. <http://www.archdaily. com/?p=106706> Photographs by BorXu Design Kroll, Andrew. “AD Classics: Unite d’ Habitation / Le Corbusier” 05 Nov 2010. ArchDaily. Accessed 13 Aug 2014. <http://www.archdaily.com/?p=85971> Kwan, Wilma. “Two-family House, Utrecht by Bjarne Mastenbroek and MVRDV.” Two-family House, Utrecht by Bjarne Mastenbroek and MVRDV. Galinsky, 2005. Web. 13 Apr. 2014. <http://www.galinsky. com/buildings/twofamilyhouse/>.

Commercial Spaces

“VTN | Vo Trong Nghia Architects - Farming Kindergarten.” VTN. VTN, n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2014. <http:// votrongnghia.com/projects/farming-kindergarten/>.

“International Investment Square by UNStudio.” International Investment Square » UNStudio. UN Studio, n.d. Web. 11 Apr. 2014. <http://www.unstudio.com/ projects/international-investment-square>.

Stott, Rory. “BIG Designs Spiralling Museum for Swiss Watchmaker” 13 Jun 2014. ArchDaily.

Accessed 10 Aug 2014. <http://www.archdaily. com/?p=516245>

“VI Palazzo ENI by UNStudio.” VI Palazzo ENI » UNStudio. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Apr. 2014. <http://www. unstudio.com/projects/vi-palazzo-eni>.

Map

Laylin, Tafline. “Colombia’s B3 Hotel Virrey Has an 8-Story Vertical Garden with 25,000 Plants!” Inhabitat Sustainable Design Innovation Eco Architecture Green Building Colombias B3 Hotel Virrey Has an 8Story Vertical Garden with 25000 Plants Comments.

Inhabitat, 7 Dec. 2012. Web. 11 Apr. 2014. <http:// inhabitat.com/colombias-hotel-gaia-has-an-8-storyvertical-garden-with-25000-plants/>.

“I Draw Maps.” I Draw Maps. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 June 2014. <http://idrawmaps.blogspot.it/>.

Menocal, Cat Garcia. “Fake Hills by MAD Architects under Construction.”Designboom Architecture Design Magazine Fake Hills by MAD Architects under Construction Comments. Designboom, 27 Aug. 2013. Web. 11 Apr. 2014. <http://www.designboom. com/architecture/fake-hills-by-mad-architects-underconstruction/>.

Bingham-Hall, Patrick. “PARKROYAL on Pickering / WOHA.” ArchDaily. N.p., 23 Apr. 2013. Web. 11 Apr. 2014. <http://www.archdaily.com/363164/parkroyalon-pickering-woha-2/>.

Photographs by Patrick Bingham-Hall “Heydar Aliyev Center / Zaha Hadid Architects” 14 Nov 2013. ArchDaily. Accessed 11 Apr 2014. <http:// www.archdaily.com/?p=448774> Photographs by Iwan Baan, Hufton + Crow, Hélène Binet

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Zesty Hill Thesis Project / Sakura Enggarwartini Project Leader / Prof. Tim Power Nuova Accademia di Belle Arti Milano